1
|
Truyen LH, Flores RS, de Oliveira Santana W, Abreu MB, Brambatti G, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) serological and molecular patterns in dogs with viral gastroenteritis from southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1979-1986. [PMID: 38407780 PMCID: PMC11153423 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe systemic disease with gastroenteric symptoms in dogs, particularly in young puppies. Originating from the feline parvovirus in the late 1970s, it swiftly propagated globally, instigating a pandemic in dogs. Despite vaccination advancements, CPV-2 remains a substantial challenge for veterinary professionals and pet owners. This study aimed to contribute knowledge about the current situation of CPV-2 among dogs in southern Brazil. In this study, the sera of 125 dogs (mostly with gastroenteritis symptoms) were screened for antibodies against CPV-2 and their faeces for the virus itself. The results showed that 40% (50/125) of dogs were infected with CPV-2. Most animals (65.5%) had previously been exposed to CPV-2 (with serotitres equal or above 1:40), and only 37.6% had protective antibody titres equal or above 1:80. The findings have also demonstrated that vaccination against CPV-2 significantly reduced the risk of infection, with positive cases decreasing from 56.9% (unvaccinated) to 2.0% (fully vaccinated). Furthermore, the prevalence of CPV-2 decreased as dogs aged, with younger dogs and those with an incomplete or non-existent vaccination history at the highest risk of infection. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the prevalence and risk factors associated with CPV-2 infection in dogs in southern Brazil, thereby providing valuable knowledge for the improvement of veterinary care and pet health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Sartori Flores
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Weslei de Oliveira Santana
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Muriel Becker Abreu
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brambatti
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Liu Z, Liang R, Yang M, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Jiao Z, Hu X, Li M, Shen Z, Peng G. Novel mutation N588 residue in the NS1 protein of feline parvovirus greatly augments viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0009324. [PMID: 38591899 PMCID: PMC11092363 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV) infection is highly fatal in felines. NS1, which is a key nonstructural protein of FPV, can inhibit host innate immunity and promote viral replication, which is the main reason for the severe pathogenicity of FPV. However, the mechanism by which the NS1 protein disrupts host immunity and regulates viral replication is still unclear. Here, we identified an FPV M1 strain that is regulated by the NS1 protein and has more pronounced suppression of innate immunity, resulting in robust replication. We found that the neutralization titer of the FPV M1 strain was significantly lower than that of the other strains. Moreover, FPV M1 had powerful replication ability, and the FPV M1-NS1 protein had heightened efficacy in repressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. Subsequently, we constructed an FPV reverse genetic system, which confirmed that the N588 residue of FPV M1-NS1 protein is a key amino acid that bolsters viral proliferation. Recombinant virus containing N588 also had stronger ability to inhibit ISGs, and lower ISGs levels promoted viral replication and reduced the neutralization titer of the positive control serum. Finally, we confirmed that the difference in viral replication was abolished in type I IFN receptor knockout cell lines. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the N588 residue of the NS1 protein is a critical amino acid that promotes viral proliferation by increasing the inhibition of ISGs expression. These insights provide a reference for studying the relationship between parvovirus-mediated inhibition of host innate immunity and viral replication while facilitating improved FPV vaccine production.IMPORTANCEFPV infection is a viral infectious disease with the highest mortality rate in felines. A universal feature of parvovirus is its ability to inhibit host innate immunity, and its ability to suppress innate immunity is mainly accomplished by the NS1 protein. In the present study, FPV was used as a viral model to explore the mechanism by which the NS1 protein inhibits innate immunity and regulates viral replication. Studies have shown that the FPV-NS1 protein containing the N588 residue strongly inhibits the expression of host ISGs, thereby increasing the viral proliferation titer. In addition, the presence of the N588 residue can increase the proliferation titer of the strain 5- to 10-fold without affecting its virulence and immunogenicity. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights and guidance for studying the mechanisms by which parvoviruses suppress innate immunity and for developing high-yielding FPV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Condon E, Grecco S, Marandino A, Aldaz J, Enciso J, Alfaro L, Bucafusco D, Pérez R, Panzera Y. Development of an accurate and rapid method for whole genome characterization of canine parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2024; 325:114870. [PMID: 38086433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious pathogen affecting domestic dogs and other carnivores globally. Monitoring CPV through continuous genomic surveillance is crucial for mapping variability and developing effective control measures. Here, we developed a method using multiplex-PCR-next-generation sequencing to obtain full-length CPV genomes directly from clinical samples. This approach utilizes tiling and tailed amplicons to amplify overlapping fragments of roughly 250 base pairs. This enables the creation of Illumina libraries by conducting two PCR reaction runs. We tested the assay in 10 fecal samples from dogs diagnosed with CPV and one CPV-2 vaccine strain. Furthermore, we applied it to a feline sample previously diagnosed with the feline panleukopenia virus. The assay provided 100 % genome coverage and high sequencing depth across all 12 samples. It successfully provided the sequence of the coding regions and the left and right non-translated regions, including tandem and terminal repeats. The assay effectively amplified viral variants from divergent evolutionary groups, including the antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) and the ancestral CPV-2 strain included in vaccine formulations. Moreover, it successfully amplified the entire genome of the feline panleukopenia virus found in cat feces. This method is cost-effective, time-efficient, and does not require lab expertise in Illumina library preparation. The multiplex-PCR-next-generation methodology facilitates large-scale genomic sequencing, expanding the limited number of complete genomes currently available in databases and enabling real-time genomic surveillance. Furthermore, the method helps identify and track emerging CPV viral variants, facilitating molecular epidemiology and control. Adopting this approach can enhance our understanding of the evolution and genetic diversity of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Condon
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jaime Aldaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Av. Ernesto Che Guevara s/n, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Javier Enciso
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú and Clínica Veterinaria Enciso, Peru
| | - Luis Alfaro
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú and Clínica Veterinaria Enciso, Peru
| | - Danilo Bucafusco
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Minh H, Son NV, Duc HM, Lin CN, Tyan YC, Chuang KP. Genetic diversity and relatedness of feline parvovirus in Vietnam and its potential implications for canine-feline transmission. Arch Virol 2023; 169:11. [PMID: 38102389 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia, caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), has been studied worldwide, but there have been very few studies conducted in Vietnam. In this study, 19 rectal swab samples were collected from northern Vietnam in 2018-2019 and screened for the presence of FPV using PCR. Through sequence analysis of the full-length VP2 gene, it was found that the FPV strains detected in Vietnam were closely related to those obtained from dogs in Vietnam, Asia, Europe, and America. Moreover, the FPV strains found in Vietnam may constitute a distinct group, related to viruses sampled in China. Interestingly, most of the nucleotide changes identified were T-C substitutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Son
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Früh SP, Adu OF, López-Astacio RA, Weichert WS, Wasik BR, Parrish CR. Isolation, cloning and analysis of parvovirus-specific canine antibodies from peripheral blood B cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104894. [PMID: 37467826 PMCID: PMC10542859 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
B-cell cloning methods enable the analysis of antibody responses against target antigens and can be used to reveal the host antibody repertoire, antigenic sites (epitopes), and details of protective immunity against pathogens. Here, we describe improved methods for isolation of canine peripheral blood B cells producing antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) capsids by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by cell cloning. We cultured sorted B cells from an immunized dog in vitro and screened for CPV-specific antibody production. Updated canine-specific primer sets were used to amplify and clone the heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences directly from the B cells by reverse transcription and PCR. Monoclonal canine IgGs were produced by cloning heavy and light chain sequences into antibody expression vectors, which were screened for CPV binding. Three different canine monoclonal antibodies were analyzed, including two that shared the same heavy chain, and one that had distinct heavy and light chains. The antibodies showed broad binding to CPV variants, and epitopes were mapped to antigenic sites on the capsid. The methods described here are applicable for the isolation of canine B cells and monoclonal antibodies against many antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Früh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oluwafemi F Adu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A López-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maganga GD, Labouba I, Milendz Ikapi SZ, Nkili-Meyong AA, Ngonga Dikongo AM, Boundenga L, Ngoubangoye B, Memvie C, Kumulungui BS. Molecular Characterization of Canine Parvovirus Variants CPV-2a and CPV-2c, Associated with Vaccinated Dogs at Libreville, Gabon. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051169. [PMID: 37243255 DOI: 10.3390/v15051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The first detection of canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) was in the early 1970s, when it was known to cause severe gastroenteritis in dogs. However, it has evolved over the years into CPV-2a within 2 years, into CPV-2b after 14 years, into CPV-2c after 16 years and more recently CPV-2a-, 2b- and 2c-like variants reported in 2019, with a global distribution. Reports on the molecular epidemiology of this virus are missing in most African countries. The report of clinical cases among vaccinated dogs in Libreville in Gabon triggered the execution of this study. The objective of this study was to characterize circulating variants from dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of CPV that were examined by a veterinarian. A total of eight (8) fecal swab samples were collected, and all had positive PCR results. Sequencing, Blast analysis and assembly of two whole genomes and eight partial VP2 sequences were performed, and the sequences submitted to GenBank. Genetic characterization revealed the presence of CPV-2a and CPV-2c variants with predominance of the former. Phylogenetically, the Gabonese CPVs formed distinct groups similar to Zambian CPV-2c and Australian CPV-2a sequences. The antigenic variants CPV-2a and CPV-2c have not yet been reported in Central Africa. However, these CPV-2 variants circulate in young, vaccinated dogs in Gabon. These results suggest additional epidemiological and genomic studies are required in order to evaluate the occurrence of different CPV variants in Gabon and effectiveness of the commercial vaccines used against protoparvovirus in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael Darren Maganga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville BP 913, Gabon
| | - Ingrid Labouba
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
| | - Serda Zita Milendz Ikapi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
| | | | | | - Larson Boundenga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
| | - Barthelemy Ngoubangoye
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
| | | | - Brice Serge Kumulungui
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, Gabon
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville BP 913, Gabon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lencina MM, Truyen U, de Oliveira Santana W, Kipper D, Delamare APL, Paesi S, Lunge VR, Streck AF. Canine parvovirus type 2 vaccines in Brazil: Viral load in commercial vaccine vials and phylogenetic analysis of the vaccine viruses. Biologicals 2023; 82:101676. [PMID: 37028214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious and frequently fatal disease in dogs. Live attenuated vaccines (LAV) are recommended to prevent and control this disease. Commercial vaccines are typically produced with CPV-2 strains adapted to cell culture and usually non-pathogenic. The present study aimed to determine the viral load of CPV-2 vaccines commercially available in Brazil and to characterize the vaccine virus by DNA analysis of its capsid gene. The results demonstrated that all vaccine strains presented high homology of the VP2 gene and they were all closely related to the original CPV-2 strains. However, vaccine strains presented several differences in comparison with field strains currently circulating in Brazil. Seventy-one vials contained viral loads ranging from 7.4E3 to 4.9E10 DNA copies/ml. Nine vials did not contain any detectable CPV-2 DNA. In conclusion, there are genetic and antigenic differences among CPV-2 vaccines and field strains. Additionally, some vaccines have been commercialized with low titers of CPV-2. It is important to improve the quality of the vaccines to prevent or reduce the spread of CPV-2 in Brazil.
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus in Namibia: Introduction pathways and local persistence. Prev Vet Med 2022; 209:105780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) of Asian origin in domestic dogs in Myanmar. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Singh M, Manikandan R, Kumar De U, Chander V, Rudra Paul B, Ramakrishnan S, Maramreddy D. Canine parvovirus-2: An Emerging Threat to Young Pets. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious and key enteropathogen affecting the canine population around the globe by causing canine parvoviral enteritis (CPVE) and vomition. CPVE is one of the the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in puppies and young dogs. Over the years, five distinct antigenic variants of CPV-2, namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b, new CPV-2a, new CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, have emerged throughout the world. CPV-2 infects a diverse range of wild animals, and the newer variants of CPV-2 have expanded their host range to include felines. Despite the availability of highly specific diagnostics and efficacious vaccines, CPV-2 outbreaks have been reported globally due to the emergence of newer antigenic variants, expansion of the viral host range, and vaccination failures. The present chapter describes the latest information pertaining to virus properties and replication, disease manifestations in animals, and an additional recent updates on diagnostic, prevention and control strategies of CPV-2.
Collapse
|
11
|
Qian Z, Peng Y, Zhi-Juan L, Fei-Fei D, Shun K, Li-Juan L, Jiang S, Zhi-Jing X. Nucleotide sequences of the infectious DNA clones of two mink enteritis virus isolates exhibit the diversity of the terminal palindromic sequences and predicted secondary structures. Virus Res 2021; 305:198574. [PMID: 34555438 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the infectious RF-DNA clones of two mink enteritis viruses, MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7, were constructed, which generated progeny virions and seemed to contain an almost or completely full-length genome. The genomes of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 5162 bp and 5113 bp in length, respectively. The genomic organizations of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were similar to that of the other carnivore parvoviruses. The 3'-UTR of the virion strand of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 311 bp and 313 bp in length, respectively, containing a 208 bp palindromic sequence assuming Y-shaped configurations. Interestingly, the difference of the 3' palindromic sequences between MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 resulted in the orientation inversion of the hairpin ears. And the 5'-UTRs of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 582 bp and 531 bp, respectively, containing a 198 bp palindromic sequence assuming U-shaped configurations, a triplet mismatch (5'-TAC-3') in the center of the duplex stem and a triplet mismatch (5'-AGA-3') forming a small asymmetric bubble. The findings demonstrated that the genomic termini of the carnivore parvoviruses showed the diversity in length, base composition, and predicted secondary structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Li Zhi-Juan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Diao Fei-Fei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kang Shun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Li Li-Juan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xie Zhi-Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jinadasa R, Ghosh S, Hills S, Premalal T, Atapattu U, Fuward M, Kalupahana W, Dunowska M. Genomic Variability of Canine Parvoviruses from a Selected Population of Dogs and Cats in Sri Lanka. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091102. [PMID: 34578133 PMCID: PMC8466987 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) subtypes circulating among a selected population of domestic dogs and cats in Sri Lanka and to investigate the evolutionary patterns among Sri Lankan viruses in the context of contemporary global CPV-2 sequences. Altogether, 40/61 (65.6%) samples tested were positive for CPV-2 DNA, including 31/48 (64.6%) dogs and 9/13 (69%) cats. All three subtypes (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) were detected, with CPV-2a being most common. International median joining haplotype network of 291 CPV-2 sequences suggested that there was little barrier for CPV-2 moving between different geographical regions worldwide, including Sri Lanka, and that there was no correlation between the genetic structure within the molecular network and the decade of sample collection. By contrast, there was correlation between CPV-2 subtype and genetic structure, both within the international network and within the network built from 31 Sri Lankan CPV-2 sequences only. The structure within the latter was not correlated with the location of the veterinary clinic where the samples were submitted, the age or species of the host. Altogether, we have shown that there is considerable variability of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Sri Lanka, which is likely driven by both local evolution and introduction from other countries. The similarity of CPV-2 obtained from cats and dogs suggests that cats may play a role in the epidemiology of CPV-2 in Sri Lanka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Jinadasa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Sayani Ghosh
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Simon Hills
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Thushini Premalal
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Ushani Atapattu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Manohari Fuward
- Government Veterinary Hospital, Gatambe, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Wasantha Kalupahana
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka; (T.P.); (U.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Magdalena Dunowska
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082387. [PMID: 34438844 PMCID: PMC8388783 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a relevant pathogen, mainly affecting unvaccinated puppies, causing severe and fatal disease. CPV is classified into three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c), which are widely distributed worldwide. These variants may be mutated at specific sites relevant to the immune response against CPV in dogs, and thus previously characterized vaccines may not be effective against new mutants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform a molecular characterization of CPV variants. For this purpose, blood samples from canine patients in central Chile were used. The results of this study showed that the circulating variants were mainly CPV-2c followed by CPV-2b. In addition, genetic mutations were found in regions important for the immune response against CPV, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by available vaccines. Abstract Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major pathogen in canines, with a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. CPV is traditionally classified into three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) based on the amino acid sequence of the VP2 protein. Currently, various mutations are described in the receptor-binding area or in the regions of greatest antigenicity of the VP2 protein, giving rise to new viral variants that are capable of immunological escape, affecting the protective immunity of traditional vaccines. In the present study, a molecular characterization of the VP2 gene was performed, which included phylogenetic analysis, amino acid characterization and determination of selection pressures. Blood samples were initially collected from canine patients with clinical signs of gastrointestinal infection, of which 69 were positive for CPV as measured by means of PCR and 18 samples were selected for the amplification of the complete VP2 gene. The analysis revealed a higher rate of CPV-2c-positive patients compared to CPV-2b. Furthermore, the amino acid characterization of VP2 indicated mutations in the regions of highest antigenicity previously described in the literature (CPV-2b: 297 and 324; CPV-2c: 440), as well as others not previously documented (CPV-2b: 514; CPV-2c: 188, 322, 379, 427 and 463). Our analysis of selection pressure showed that the VP2 gene is under negative selection. However, positive selection point sites were identified, both in CPV-2c (324, 426 and 440) and CPV-2b (297 and 324), at sites that have been associated with evasion of the immune response via antigenic drift, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by traditional vaccines.
Collapse
|
14
|
Carrai M, Decaro N, Van Brussel K, Dall'Ara P, Desario C, Fracasso M, Šlapeta J, Colombo E, Bo S, Beatty JA, Meers J, Barrs VR. Canine parvovirus is shed infrequently by cats without diarrhoea in multi-cat environments. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109204. [PMID: 34399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whether subclinical shedding of canine parvovirus (CPV) by cats might contribute to the epidemiology of canine CPV infections, particularly in facilities housing both cats and dogs, requires clarification. Conflicting results are reported to date. Using conventional PCR (cPCR) to amplify the VP2 gene, shedding of the CPV variants (CPV-2a, 2b, 2c) by healthy cats in multi-cat environments was reportedly common in Europe but rare in Australia. The aim of this study was to determine whether low-level faecal CPV shedding occurs in multi-cat environments in Australia and Italy using a TaqMan real-time PCR to detect Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV and feline parvovirus, FPV) DNA, and minor-groove binder probe real-time PCR assay to differentiate FPV and CPV types and to characterize CPV variants. In total, 741 non-diarrhoeic faecal samples from shelters in Australia (n = 263) and from shelters or cat colonies in Italy (n = 478) were tested. Overall, Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 DNA was detected in 49 of 741 (6.61 %) samples. Differentiation was possible for 31 positive samples. FPV was most common among positive samples (28/31, 90.3 %). CPV was detected in 4/31 samples (12.9 %) including CPV-2a in one sample, CPV-2b in another and co-infections of FPV/CPV-2b and CPV-2a/CPV-2b in the remaining two samples. A high rate of subclinical FPV infection was detected in one shelter during an outbreak of feline panleukopenia, during which 21 of 22 asymptomatic cats (95.5 %) sampled were shedding FPV. Faecal shedding of CPV by cats in multi-cat environments is uncommon suggesting that domestic cats are not significant reservoirs of CPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maura Carrai
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Kate Van Brussel
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Paola Dall'Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Fracasso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Elena Colombo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bo
- Ambulatorio Vetarinario Associato, Via Fratelli Calandra, 2, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Joanne Meers
- University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine & Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piewbang C, Wardhani SW, Dankaona W, Yostawonkul J, Boonrungsiman S, Surachetpong W, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S. Feline morbillivirus-1 in dogs with respiratory diseases. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e175-e184. [PMID: 34355534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus-1 (FeMV-1) is a viral pathogen associated with kidney disease in domestic cats and wild felids. We initially identified the FeMV-1 from the lung of a necropsied dog with severe pulmonary disease by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thereafter, we investigated FeMV-1 in nasal and oral swab samples from 73 healthy and 113 dogs with respiratory illnesses. We found polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive FeMV-1 from only 14/113 (12.39%) dogs with respiratory disease (p = .001). Of these 14 dogs, six were co-infected with other canine respiratory viruses (6/14; 42.86%). Two independent immunohistochemistry procedures, using antibodies against matrix and phosphoprotein of FeMV-1, confirmed the presence of FeMV-1 in lung tissues of two necropsied dogs (out of a total of 22 dogs, 9.09%) that died from respiratory disease. This finding corresponded to transmission electron microscopy findings that paramyxoviral particles exist in lung epithelia. FeMV-1 antigen localization was also evident in the kidney, lymphoid and brain tissues of two deceased dogs. FeMV-1 was successfully isolated from a necropsied dog and from two living dogs, all with respiratory illnesses, which supports FeMV infection in dogs. The detection of FeMV-1 in dog tissues expands the known tropism of this virus to a non-felid host. Our findings indicate that FeMV-1, alone or in co-infection with other viral pathogens, might contribute to respiratory illness and death in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichan Dankaona
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goldhill DH, Barclay WS. 2020 Hindsight: Should evolutionary virologists have expected the unexpected during a pandemic? Evolution 2021; 75:2311-2316. [PMID: 34342897 PMCID: PMC8444725 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gainor K, Bowen A, Bolfa P, Peda A, Malik YS, Ghosh S. Molecular Investigation of Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) Outbreak in Nevis Island: Analysis of the Nearly Complete Genomes of CPV-2 Strains from the Caribbean Region. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061083. [PMID: 34204082 PMCID: PMC8227521 DOI: 10.3390/v13061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is a dearth of information on canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) from the Caribbean region. During August–October 2020, the veterinary clinic on the Caribbean island of Nevis reported 64 household dogs with CPV-2-like clinical signs (hemorrhagic/non-hemorrhagic diarrhea and vomiting), of which 27 animals died. Rectal swabs/fecal samples were obtained from 43 dogs. A total of 39 of the 43 dogs tested positive for CPV-2 antigen and/or DNA, while 4 samples, negative for CPV-2 antigen, were not available for PCR. Among the 21 untested dogs, 15 had CPV-2 positive littermates. Analysis of the complete VP2 sequences of 32 strains identified new CPV-2a (CPV-2a with Ser297Ala in VP2) as the predominant CPV-2 on Nevis Island. Two nonsynonymous mutations, one rare (Asp373Asn) and the other uncommon (Ala262Thr), were observed in a few VP2 sequences. It was intriguing that new CPV-2a was associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis on Nevis while found at low frequencies in sporadic cases of diarrhea on the neighboring island of St. Kitts. The nearly complete CPV-2 genomes (4 CPV-2 strains from St. Kitts and Nevis (SKN)) were reported for the first time from the Caribbean region. Eleven substitutions were found among the SKN genomes, which included nine synonymous substitutions, five of which have been rarely reported, and the two nonsynonymous substitutions. Phylogenetically, the SKN CPV-2 sequences formed a distinct cluster, with CPV-2b/USA/1998 strains constituting the nearest cluster. Our findings suggested that new CPV-2a is endemic in the region, with the potential to cause severe outbreaks, warranting further studies across the Caribbean Islands. Analysis of the SKN CPV-2 genomes corroborated the hypothesis that recurrent parallel evolution and reversion might play important roles in the evolution of CPV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gainor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
| | - April Bowen
- Nevis Animal Speak, Cades Bay Nevis, Basserrete, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrea Peda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001, India;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +18-(69)-4654161 (ext. 401-1202)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang R, Zhang W, Ye R, Pan Z, Li G, Su S. One-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based method for real-time PCR detection of four canine diarrhea viruses. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101618. [PMID: 32534013 PMCID: PMC7286240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Viral canine diarrhea has high morbidity and mortality and is prevalent worldwide, resulting in severe economic and spiritual losses to pet owners. However, diarrhea pathogens have similar clinical symptoms and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Thus, fast and accurate diagnostic methods are of great significance for prevention and accurate treatment. In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR for the differential diagnosis of four viruses causing canine diarrhea including, CPV (Canine Parvovirus), CCoV (Canine Coronavirus), CAstV (Canine Astrovirus), and CaKoV (Canine Kobuviruses). The limit of detection was up to 102 copies/μL and performed well with high sensitivity and specificity. This assay was optimized and used to identify possible antagonistic relationships between viruses. From this, artificial pre-experiments were performed for mixed infections, and a total of 82 canine diarrhea field samples were collected from different animal hospitals in Zhejiang, China to assess the method. The virus prevalence was significantly higher than what previously reported based on RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). Taken together, these results suggest that the method can be used as a preferred tool for monitoring laboratory epidemics, timely prevention, and effective monitoring of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ye
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongzhou Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gairu Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Castillo C, Neira V, Aniñir P, Grecco S, Pérez R, Panzera Y, Zegpi NA, Sandoval A, Sandoval D, Cofre S, Ortega R. First Molecular Identification of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV2) in Chile Reveals High Occurrence of CPV2c Antigenic Variant. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:194. [PMID: 32432131 PMCID: PMC7216333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) is one of the most important intestinal pathogens in dogs and puppies. CPV2 has been evolved into three genetic and antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c), which are distributed worldwide. We reported the first study of genetic diversity of CPV2 in Chile. Sixty-five samples were collected from puppies presenting with severe gastroenteritis and different vaccination statuses. PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and partial sequencing of the coding region of the structural viral protein VP2 was performed. Thirty of a total of 65 samples tested positive by PCR out of which 19 were further classified as CPV2c and one as CPV2a using RFLP and Sanger sequencing. The phylogeny was in concordance with the RFLP analysis. This is the first report of the genetic characterization of CPV2 in Chile and reveals a high occurrence of CPV2c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Aniñir
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sofia Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nhur-Aischa Zegpi
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alberto Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Daniel Sandoval
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sergio Cofre
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rene Ortega
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giraldo-Ramirez S, Rendon-Marin S, Ruiz-Saenz J. Phylogenetic, Evolutionary and Structural Analysis of Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2) Antigenic Variants Circulating in Colombia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050500. [PMID: 32366040 PMCID: PMC7290427 DOI: 10.3390/v12050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is the causative agent of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in canids. Three antigenic variants—CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c—have been described, which are determined by variations at residue 426 of the VP2 capsid protein. In Colombia, the CPV-2a and CPV-2b antigenic variants have previously been reported through partial VP2 sequencing. Mutations at residues Asn428Asp and Ala514Ser of variant CPV-2a were detected, implying the appearance of a possible new CPV-2a variant in Colombia. The purpose of the present study was to characterise the full VP2 capsid protein in samples from Antioquia, Colombia. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 56 stool samples from dogs showing clinical symptoms of parvoviral disease. Following DNA extraction from the samples, VP2 amplification was performed using PCR and positive samples were sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed by comparison with the VP2 gene sequences of the different CPV-2 worldwide. VP2 was amplified in 51.8% of the analysed samples. Sequencing and sequence alignment showed that 93.1% of the amplified samples belonged to the new CPV-2a antigenic variant previously. Analysing the amino acid sequences revealed that all CPV-2a contain Ala297Asn mutations, which are related to the South America I clade, and the Ala514Ser mutation, which allows characterization as a new CPV-2a sub-variant. The Colombian CPV-2b variant presented Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile and Thr440Ala, which are related to the Asia-I clade variants. The CPV-2c was not detected in the samples. In conclusion, two antigenic CPV-2 variants of two geographically distant origins are circulating in Colombia. It is crucial to continue characterising CPV-2 to elucidate the molecular dynamics of the virus and to detect new CPV-2 variants that could be becoming highly prevalent in the region.
Collapse
|
21
|
Leal É, Liang R, Liu Q, Villanova F, Shi L, Liang L, Li J, Witkin SS, Cui S. Regional adaptations and parallel mutations in Feline panleukopenia virus strains from China revealed by nearly-full length genome analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227705. [PMID: 31945103 PMCID: PMC6964837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoparvoviruses, widespread among cats and wild animals, are responsible for leukopenia. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) in domestic cats is genetically diverse and some strains may differ from those used for vaccination. The presence of FPLV in two domestic cats from Hebei Province in China was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Samples from these animals were used to isolate FPLV strains in CRFK cells for genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare our isolates with available sequences of FPLV, mink parvovirus (MEV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The isolated strains were closely related to strains of FPLV/MEV isolated in the 1960s. Our analysis also revealed that the evolutionary history of FPLV and MEV is characterized by local adaptations in the Vp2 gene. Thus, it is likely that new FPLV strains are emerging to evade the anti-FPLV immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élcio Leal
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JL); (SC); (EL)
| | - Ruiying Liang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lijun Shi
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (SC); (EL)
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Observation Station for Veterinary Drug and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (SC); (EL)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Distinct Lineages of Feline Parvovirus Associated with Epizootic Outbreaks in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121155. [PMID: 31847268 PMCID: PMC6950618 DOI: 10.3390/v11121155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL), a frequently fatal disease of cats, is caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine parvovirus (CPV). We investigated simultaneous outbreaks of FPL between 2014 and 2018 in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where FPL outbreaks had not been reported for several decades. Case data from 989 cats and clinical samples from additional 113 cats were obtained to determine the cause of the outbreaks and epidemiological factors involved. Most cats with FPL were shelter-housed, 9 to 10 weeks old at diagnosis, unvaccinated, had not completed a primary vaccination series or had received vaccinations noncompliant with current guidelines. Analysis of parvoviral VP2 sequence data confirmed that all FPL cases were caused by FPV and not CPV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of these outbreaks was caused by a distinct FPV, with two virus lineages present in eastern Australia and virus movement between different geographical locations. Viruses from the UAE outbreak formed a lineage of unknown origin. FPV vaccine virus was detected in the New Zealand cases, highlighting the difficulty of distinguishing the co-incidental shedding of vaccine virus in vaccinated cats. Inadequate vaccination coverage in shelter-housed cats was a common factor in all outbreaks, likely precipitating the multiple re-emergence of infection events.
Collapse
|
23
|
Limited Intrahost Diversity and Background Evolution Accompany 40 Years of Canine Parvovirus Host Adaptation and Spread. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.01162-19. [PMID: 31619551 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01162-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly successful pathogen that has sustained pandemic circulation in dogs for more than 40 years. Here, integrating full-genome and deep-sequencing analyses, structural information, and in vitro experimentation, we describe the macro- and microscale features that accompany CPV's evolutionary success. Despite 40 years of viral evolution, all CPV variants are more than ∼99% identical in nucleotide sequence, with only a limited number (<40) of substitutions becoming fixed or widespread during this time. Notably, most substitutions in the major capsid protein (VP2) gene are nonsynonymous, altering amino acid residues that fall within, or adjacent to, the overlapping receptor footprint or antigenic regions, suggesting that natural selection has channeled much of CPV evolution. Among the limited number of variable sites, CPV genomes exhibit complex patterns of variation that include parallel evolution, reversion, and recombination, compromising phylogenetic inference. At the intrahost level, deep sequencing of viral DNA in original clinical samples from dogs and other host species sampled between 1978 and 2018 revealed few subconsensus single nucleotide variants (SNVs) above ∼0.5%, and experimental passages demonstrate that substantial preexisting genetic variation is not necessarily required for rapid host receptor-driven adaptation. Together, these findings suggest that although CPV is capable of rapid host adaptation, a relatively low mutation rate, pleiotropy, and/or a lack of selective challenges since its initial emergence have inhibited the long-term accumulation of genetic diversity. Hence, continuously high levels of inter- and intrahost diversity are not necessarily required for virus host adaptation.IMPORTANCE Rapid mutation rates and correspondingly high levels of intra- and interhost diversity are often cited as key features of viruses with the capacity for emergence and sustained transmission in a new host species. However, most of this information comes from studies of RNA viruses, with relatively little known about evolutionary processes in viruses with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes. Here, we provide a unique model of virus evolution, integrating both long-term global-scale and short-term intrahost evolutionary processes of an ssDNA virus that emerged to cause a pandemic in a new host animal. Our analysis reveals that successful host jumping and sustained transmission does not necessarily depend on a high level of intrahost diversity nor result in the continued accumulation of high levels of long-term evolution change. These findings indicate that all aspects of the biology and ecology of a virus are relevant when considering their adaptability.
Collapse
|
24
|
Calatayud O, Esperón F, Velarde R, Oleaga Á, Llaneza L, Ribas A, Negre N, de la Torre A, Rodríguez A, Millán J. Genetic characterization of Carnivore Parvoviruses in Spanish wildlife reveals domestic dog and cat-related sequences. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:626-634. [PMID: 31581349 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of carnivore parvovirus infection on wild populations is not yet understood; disease signs are mainly developed in pups and assessing the health of litters in wild carnivores has big limitations. This study aims to shed light on the virus dynamics among wild carnivores thanks to the analysis of 213 samples collected between 1994 and 2013 in wild ecosystems from Spain. We determined the presence of carnivore parvovirus DNA by real-time PCR and sequenced the vp2 gen from 22 positive samples to characterize the strains and to perform phylogenetic analysis. The presence of carnivore parvovirus DNA was confirmed in 18% of the samples, with a higher prevalence detected in wolves (Canis lupus signatus, 70%). Fourteen sequences belonging to nine wolves, three Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), a common genet (Genetta genetta) and a European wildcat (Felis silvestris) were classified as canine parvovirus 2c (CPV-2c); five sequences from three wolves, a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and a stone marten (Martes foina) as CPV-2b; and three sequences from a badger, a genet and a stone marten as feline parvovirus (FPV). This was the first report of a wildcat infected with a canine strain. Sequences described in this study were identical or very close related to others previously found in domestic carnivores from distant countries, suggesting that cross-species transmission takes place and that the parvovirus epidemiology in Spain, as elsewhere, could be influenced by global factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Calatayud
- Animal Health Research Centre INIA-CISA, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group and Servicio de Ecopatología de Fauna Salvaje (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Oleaga
- SERPA, Sociedad de Servicios del Principado de Asturias S.A., Gijón, Spain
| | - Luis Llaneza
- A.RE.NA. Asesores en Recursos Naturales SL, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alexis Ribas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural, ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nieves Negre
- Consorci per a la Recuperació de la Fauna de les Illes Balears, Santa Eugènia, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in dogs, including acute hemorrhagic enteritis, myocarditis, and cerebellar disease. Cross-species transmission of CPV occurs as a result of mutations on the viral capsid surface that alter the species-specific binding to the host receptor, transferrin receptor type-1 (TfR). The interaction between CPV and TfR has been extensively studied, and previous analyses have suggested that the CPV-TfR complex is asymmetric. To enhance the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, we determined the CPV-TfR interaction using cryo-electron microscopy to solve the icosahedral (3.0-Å resolution) and asymmetric (5.0-Å resolution) complex structures. Structural analyses revealed conformational variations of the TfR molecules relative to the binding site, which translated into dynamic molecular interactions between CPV and TfR. The precise footprint of the receptor on the virus capsid was identified, along with the identity of the amino acid residues in the virus-receptor interface. Our "rock-and-roll" model provides an explanation for previous findings and gives insights into species jumping and the variation in host ranges associated with new pandemics in dogs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Carnivore Parvovirus Ecology in the Serengeti Ecosystem: Vaccine Strains Circulating and New Host Species Identified. J Virol 2019. [PMID: 30996096 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02220–18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore parvoviruses infect wild and domestic carnivores, and cross-species transmission is believed to occur. However, viral dynamics are not well understood, nor are the consequences for wild carnivore populations of the introduction of new strains into wild ecosystems. To clarify the ecology of these viruses in a multihost system such as the Serengeti ecosystem and identify potential threats for wildlife conservation, we analyzed, through real-time PCR, 152 samples belonging to 14 wild carnivore species and 62 samples from healthy domestic dogs. We detected parvovirus DNA in several wildlife tissues. Of the wild carnivore and domestic dog samples tested, 13% and 43%, respectively, were positive for carnivore parvovirus infection, but little evidence of transmission between the wild and domestic carnivores was detected. Instead, we describe two different epidemiological scenarios with separate routes of transmission: first, an endemic feline parvovirus (FPV) route of transmission maintained by wild carnivores inside the Serengeti National Park (SNP) and, second, a canine parvovirus (CPV) route of transmission among domestic dogs living around the periphery of the SNP. Twelve FPV sequences were characterized; new host-virus associations involving wild dogs, jackals, and hyenas were discovered; and our results suggest that mutations in the fragment of the vp2 gene were not required for infection of different carnivore species. In domestic dogs, 6 sequences belonged to the CPV-2a strain, while 11 belonged to the CPV-2 vaccine-derived strain. This is the first description of a vaccine-derived parvovirus strain being transmitted naturally.IMPORTANCE Carnivore parvoviruses are widespread among wild and domestic carnivores, which are vulnerable to severe disease under certain circumstances. This study furthers the understanding of carnivore parvovirus epidemiology, suggesting that feline parvoviruses are endemic in wild carnivores in the Serengeti National Park (SNP), with new host species identified, and that canine parvoviruses are present in the dog population living around the SNP. Little evidence of transmission of canine parvoviruses into wild carnivore species was found; however, the detection of vaccine-derived virus (described here for the first time to be circulating naturally in domestic dogs) highlights the importance of performing epidemiological research in the region.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang ZH, Wang XJ, Hou SH. Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification assay with lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of feline parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2019; 271:113679. [PMID: 31216435 PMCID: PMC7113848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is typically highly contagious and often presents with lethal syndrome. The broad spectrum of possible hosts suggests its potential for transmission from animal to person through close contact with pets. FPV thus serves as an example of the importance of new rapid point-of-care field diagnostic tools for the control and prevention of transmission, especially among rare wild animals and pet cats. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), as a real-time and isothermal method, could be a more affordable alternative to PCR when combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) indicator. In this study, we report a novel FPV lateral flow dipstick RPA (LFD-RPA) instant detection method capable of detecting a range of different FPV strains. The LFD-RPA assay consists of specific primers, probe, and nucleic acid strip. It is capable of detecting 102 copies of target nucleic acid per reaction, which is one order of magnitude higher than the sensitivity of traditional PCR. The most suitable reaction conditions for this assay are at 38 ℃ for 15 min. This paper develops an efficient visual detection system that can eliminate the need for professional staff and expensive and sophisticated equipment for field detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shao-Hua Hou
- Beijing Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carnivore Parvovirus Ecology in the Serengeti Ecosystem: Vaccine Strains Circulating and New Host Species Identified. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02220-18. [PMID: 30996096 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02220-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore parvoviruses infect wild and domestic carnivores, and cross-species transmission is believed to occur. However, viral dynamics are not well understood, nor are the consequences for wild carnivore populations of the introduction of new strains into wild ecosystems. To clarify the ecology of these viruses in a multihost system such as the Serengeti ecosystem and identify potential threats for wildlife conservation, we analyzed, through real-time PCR, 152 samples belonging to 14 wild carnivore species and 62 samples from healthy domestic dogs. We detected parvovirus DNA in several wildlife tissues. Of the wild carnivore and domestic dog samples tested, 13% and 43%, respectively, were positive for carnivore parvovirus infection, but little evidence of transmission between the wild and domestic carnivores was detected. Instead, we describe two different epidemiological scenarios with separate routes of transmission: first, an endemic feline parvovirus (FPV) route of transmission maintained by wild carnivores inside the Serengeti National Park (SNP) and, second, a canine parvovirus (CPV) route of transmission among domestic dogs living around the periphery of the SNP. Twelve FPV sequences were characterized; new host-virus associations involving wild dogs, jackals, and hyenas were discovered; and our results suggest that mutations in the fragment of the vp2 gene were not required for infection of different carnivore species. In domestic dogs, 6 sequences belonged to the CPV-2a strain, while 11 belonged to the CPV-2 vaccine-derived strain. This is the first description of a vaccine-derived parvovirus strain being transmitted naturally.IMPORTANCE Carnivore parvoviruses are widespread among wild and domestic carnivores, which are vulnerable to severe disease under certain circumstances. This study furthers the understanding of carnivore parvovirus epidemiology, suggesting that feline parvoviruses are endemic in wild carnivores in the Serengeti National Park (SNP), with new host species identified, and that canine parvoviruses are present in the dog population living around the SNP. Little evidence of transmission of canine parvoviruses into wild carnivore species was found; however, the detection of vaccine-derived virus (described here for the first time to be circulating naturally in domestic dogs) highlights the importance of performing epidemiological research in the region.
Collapse
|
29
|
Temuujin U, Tserendorj A, Fujiki J, Sakoda Y, Tseren-Ochir EO, Okamatsu M, Matsuno K, Sharav T, Horiuchi M, Umemura T, Chultemdorj T. The first isolation and identification of canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2c variants during 2016-2018 genetic surveillance of dogs in Mongolia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:269-275. [PMID: 31078727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious and fatal disease, developing into acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis, in dogs. CPV-2 has evolved, generating antigenic variants CPV-2a/2b/2c that are globally distributed. However, investigating molecular characterization of CPV-2 among dog populations in Mongolia has been limited. Herein, 42 stool samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of infection, and conventional PCR assays were employed to detect CPV-2 in 23. Our results indicated that during 2016-2018, the new CPV-2a and 2c subtypes were detected in 34.7% of the samples, and the new CPV-2b subtype was detected in 30.4% of samples. VP2 protein sequence analysis and next-generation sequencing of the complete viral genome confirmed these antigenic types. However, sequence analysis indicated new and unreported mutations, Pro580Thr, and Tyr584His in the CPV-2c subtype. From a PCR-positive sample, CPV-2c was successfully isolated, and we performed an immunofluorescence assay for antigen detection. Additionally, we performed genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis to investigate genetic diversity among isolates from the region, resulting in high CPV-2 genetic diversity in the Mongolian dog population. Striking similarities were also observed between sequences of the strains isolated from Mongolia and China over a similar time span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uyangaa Temuujin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
| | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- JICA Expert in School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Mongolia
| | - Tungalag Chultemdorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is caused by a Carnivore protoparvovirus infection. Feline parvovirus (FPV) causes most cases. When Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) first emerged, it could not replicate in cats. All current CPV variants (CPV-2a-c) can infect cats to cause subclinical disease or FPL. Feline panleukopenia has re-emerged in Australia in shelter cats associated with failure to vaccinate. Parvoviruses can remain latent in mononuclear cells post-infection. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction are used to determine the infecting strain. Current perspectives on causes, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognostic indicators, and management of outbreaks in shelters are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
ABSENCE OF PARVOVIRUS SHEDDING IN FECES OF THREATENED CARNIVORES FROM MISIONES, ARGENTINA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:1054-1060. [PMID: 30592932 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0301.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in the 1970s, canine parvovirus (CPV) has spread worldwide and infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including domestic and nondomestic carnivores. Today it is one of the most important pathogenic viruses associated with high morbidity and mortality in domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris). In South America, the range of wild hosts has been scarcely studied and the epidemiology of CPV in wildlife is still unclear. In 2011, feces from five wild carnivores (bush dog [ Speothos venaticus] , jaguar [ Panthera onca], puma [ Puma concolor], oncilla [ Leopardus guttulus], and ocelot [ Leopardus pardalis]) were collected in Misiones, Argentina, using a detection dog. Of the 289 feces collected, 209 (72.3%) had sufficient sample remaining to be used in this study and the majority of these were genetically confirmed to individual (81.3%) and sex (78.4%) level. In fact, these samples represent a minimum of 115 individuals (10 jaguars, 13 pumas, 33 ocelots, 38 oncillas, and 21 bush dogs). Through polymerase chain reaction, a 583-bp fragment in the VP2 gene of CPV was amplified in these samples. While no samples showed evidence of infection, this does not exclude the occurrence of CPV in wild carnivores in the area, as intermittent viral shedding could condition the diagnosis of CPV in feces of infected wild mammals. Locally, it is recommended that long-term monitoring of parvovirus be continued in wildlife and expanded to domestic carnivores. Internationally, this study provides a useful contribution to the approach to the sylvatic cycle of parvovirus in wild carnivores.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shelter-housed cats show no evidence of faecal shedding of canine parvovirus DNA. Vet J 2018; 239:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
33
|
Development and evaluation of a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of canine parvovirus. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2359-2368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Grecco S, Iraola G, Decaro N, Alfieri A, Alfieri A, Gallo Calderón M, da Silva AP, Name D, Aldaz J, Calleros L, Marandino A, Tomás G, Maya L, Francia L, Panzera Y, Pérez R. Inter- and intracontinental migrations and local differentiation have shaped the contemporary epidemiological landscape of canine parvovirus in South America. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey011. [PMID: 29657837 PMCID: PMC5892152 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a fast-evolving single-stranded DNA virus that causes one of the most significant infectious diseases of dogs. Although the virus dispersed over long distances in the past, current populations are considered to be spatially confined and with only a few instances of migration between specific localities. It is unclear whether these dynamics occur in South America where global studies have not been performed. The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of genetic variability in South American CPV populations and explore their evolutionary relationships with global strains. Genomic sequences of sixty-three strains from South America and Europe were generated and analyzed using a phylodynamic approach. All the obtained strains belong to the CPV-2a lineage and associate with global strains in four monophyletic groups or clades. European and South American strains from all the countries here analyzed are representative of a widely distributed clade (Eur-I) that emerged in Southern Europe during 1990–98 to later spread to South America in the early 2000s. The emergence and spread of the Eur-I clade were correlated with a significant rise in the CPV effective population size in Europe and South America. The Asia-I clade includes strains from Asia and Uruguay. This clade originated in Asia during the late 1980s and evolved locally before spreading to South America during 2009–10. The third clade (Eur-II) comprises strains from Italy, Brazil, and Ecuador. This clade appears in South America as a consequence of an early introduction from Italy to Ecuador in the middle 1980s and has experienced extensive local genetic differentiation. Some strains from Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil constitute an exclusive South American clade (SA-I) that emerged in Argentina in the 1990s. These results indicate that the current epidemiological scenario is a consequence of inter- and intracontinental migrations of strains with different geographic and temporal origins that set the conditions for competition and local differentiation of CPV populations. The coexistence and interaction of highly divergent strains are the main responsible for the drastic epidemiological changes observed in South America in the last two decades. This highlights the threat of invasion from external sources and the importance of whole-genome resolution to robustly infer the origin and spread of new CPV variants. From a taxonomic standpoint, the findings herein show that the classification system that uses a single amino acid to identify variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) within the CPV-2a lineage does not reflect phylogenetic relationships and is not suitable to analyze CPV evolution. In this regard, the identification of clades or sublineages within circulating CPV strains is the first step towards a genetic and evolutionary classification of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Grecco
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Alice Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallo Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, CONICET, Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula da Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Daniela Name
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 6001, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Jaime Aldaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Av. Ernesto Che Guevara s/n. Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Lucía Calleros
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Maya
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lourdes Francia
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología Animal, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jia-Yu Y, Qian Z, Fei-Fei D, Chuan-Jie T, Hui P, Yuan-Yuan S, Yong-Feng Z, Jian-Li W, Jiang S, Zhi-Jing X. Emergence of novel canine parvovirus type 2 and its pathogenesis in raccoon dogs. Vet Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519528 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three parvoviruses were isolated from the raccoon dogs experiencing severe enteritis, named RDPV-DP1, RDPV-DP2 and RDPV-DP3, respectively. The VP2 genes of the 3 isolates showed 99.9% identity at the nucleotide level, and shared 99.1%-99.5% identity with the reference CPVs. The RDPVs resembled original CPV-2, but with four mutations. The RDPVs displayed S297A of VP2 protein as CPV-2a or CPV-2b prevalent throughout most of the world. Residue N375D was found in the 3 isolates, resembling CPV-2a/2b/2c. And the 3 isolates had a natural mutation of VP2 residue V562L, which is adjacent to residue 564 and 568 and might be involved in host range. Interestingly, VP2 S27T was firstly found in the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 genes revealed that the RDPVs were clustered into one small evolutionary branch and shared the identical branch with 7 CPV-2 isolates from raccoon dogs and one CPV-2 isolate from fox, not with CPV vaccine viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of NS1 genes demonstrated that the RDPVs shared the identical branch with the reference CPV-2a/2b/2c. Experimental infection showed that RDPV infection caused a high morbidity in raccoon dogs. It implied that the RDPV was virulent to raccoon dogs and continued to evolve in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia-Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhu Qian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Diao Fei-Fei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Teng Chuan-Jie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Peng Hui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Shang Yuan-Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhao Yong-Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Wang Jian-Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Xie Zhi-Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oliveira PSD, Cargnelutti JF, Masuda EK, Fighera RA, Kommers GD, Silva MCD, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of canine parvovirus 2c infection in dogs from southern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) emerged in Europe in the early 2000’s and rapidly spread out worldwide. Clinical and molecular data have demonstrated its circulation in Brazilian dogs, yet detailed descriptions of cases are still lacking. This article describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of 24 cases of CPV-2c-associated disease in dogs submitted to veterinary clinics and laboratory diagnosis in southern Brazil (2014-2016). Most affected dogs presented signs/lesions suggestive of parvovirus enteritis: diarrhea, vomiting, hyperemia and hemorrhage of the serous membrane of the small intestine, diffuse segmental granulation, atrophy of the villi, necrosis and fusion of crypts, squamous metaplasia and epithelial syncytia. A number of cases presented features divergent from the classical presentations, including a wide variation in the color of feces (reddish and/or yellowish, light-brownish, orange-brown and brownish), involvement of adults (4/24) and vaccinated dogs (12/24), extensive involvement of the small intestine (8/20) and the presence of pulmonary edema (7/24) and convulsions (3/24). Feces and intestinal fragments submitted to PCR for the CPV-2 VP2 gene and to virus isolation in cell culture yielded positive results in 100% and 58.3% (14/24) of the cases, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a high nucleotide identity in VP2 (99.4 to 100%) and a consistent mutation at amino acid 426 (asparagine to glutamic acid), considered a signature of CPV-2c. These results confirm the involvement of CPV-2c in the described cases and demonstrate the importance of CPV-2c infection among Brazilian dogs, calling attention of veterinarians to correctly diagnose the disease, mainly considering the frequent atypical presentations.
Collapse
|
37
|
Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus and canine enteric coronavirus in diarrheic dogs on the island of St. Kitts: First report from the Caribbean region. Virus Res 2017; 240:154-160. [PMID: 28847699 PMCID: PMC7114545 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) are important enteric pathogens of dogs and have been studied extensively in different parts of the world, there are no reports on these viruses from the Caribbean region. During 2015–2016, a total of 104 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from puppies and adult dogs, with or without hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts (KNA). By PCR, 25 (24%, n = 104) samples tested positive for CPV. Based on analysis of the complete deduced VP2 amino acid sequences, 20 of the KNA CPV strains were assigned to new CPV-2a (also designated as CPV-2a-297A). On the other hand, the VP2 genes of the remaining 5 strains were partially characterized, or could not be sequenced. New CPV-2a was the predominant CPV variant in St. Kitts, contrasting the molecular epidemiology of CPV variants reported in most studies from nearby North and South American countries. By RT-PCR, CCoVs were detected in 5 samples (4.8%, n = 104). Based on analysis of partial M-protein gene, the KNA CCoV strains were assigned to CCoV-I genotype, and were closely related to CCoV-I strains from Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and genetic diversity of CPV and CCoV in dogs from the Caribbean region, and underscores the importance of similar studies in the other Caribbean islands.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun YL, Yen CH, Tu CF. Immunocapture loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for the detection of canine parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:94-101. [PMID: 28834737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was used for rapid canine parvovirus (CPV) diagnosis. To reduce the time required and increase the sensitivity of the assay, an immunocapture (IC) technique was developed in this study to exclude the DNA extraction step in molecular diagnostic procedures for CPV. A polyclonal rabbit anti-CPV serum was produced against VP2-EpC that was cloned via DNA recombination. The polyclonal anti-VP2-EpC serum was used for virus capture to prepare microtubes. IC-LAMP was performed to amplify a specific CPV target gene sequence from the CPV viral particles that were captured on the microtubes, and the amplicons were analyzed using agarose electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-LAMP-ELISA) and lateral-flow dipstick (IC-LAMP-LFD). The detection sensitivities of IC-LAMP, IC-LAMP-ELISA, and IC-LAMP-LFD were 10-1, 10-1, and 10-1 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the IC-LAMP-ELISA and IC-LAMP-LFD assays, the complete CPV diagnostic process can be achieved within 1.5h. Both of the developed IC-LAMP-based assays are simple, direct visual and efficient techniques that are applicable to the detection of CPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Aquatic Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chon-Ho Yen
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
First molecular characterization of canine parvovirus strains in Sardinia, Italy. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3481-3486. [PMID: 28707272 PMCID: PMC5640725 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is responsible of acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in young dogs. CPV-2 emerged in 1978 in the USA, but new antigenic types, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c, have completely replaced the original type. In this study, we analyzed 81 animals collected in Sardinia, Italy. The VP2 sequence analysis of 27 positive samples showed that all antigenic CPV-2 types are circulating. CPV-2b seems to be the most widespread variant, followed by CPV-2a. Furthermore, 12 CPV-2b strains displayed further amino acid substitutions and formed a separate cluster in a phylogenetic tree, indicating regional genetic variation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fei-Fei D, Yong-Feng Z, Jian-Li W, Xue-Hua W, Kai C, Chuan-Yi L, Shou-Yu G, Jiang S, Zhi-Jing X. Molecular characterization of feline panleukopenia virus isolated from mink and its pathogenesis in mink. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Six feline panleukopenia viruses (FPV) were detected in the intestinal samples from the 176 mink collected in China during 2015 to 2016, named MEV-SD1, MEV-SD2, MEV-SD3, MEV-SD4, MEV-SD5 and MEV-SD6. The VP2 genes of the isolates shared 98.9%-100% identity with the reference sequences. The substitution of residue V300A in VP2 protein differentiates the isolates from the reference MEVs, and A300 is a characteristic of FPV. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of VP2 genes indicated that the six isolates were clustered into the same branch of all the reference FPVs. The NS1 genes of the isolates shared 98.2%-100% identity with the reference sequences. The NS1 genes of the six isolates and the three reference FPVs formed one unique evolutionary branch. To clarify the pathogenicity of the isolates, animal experiments were performed on healthy mink, using MEV-SD1. As a result, the morbidity of the inoculated animals was 100% and the mortality was as high as 38.9%. It was implied that the FPV infection caused a high morbidity and mortality in mink and the inoculation dose had an effect on pathogenicity of MEV-SD1 in mink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diao Fei-Fei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhao Yong-Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wang Jian-Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wei Xue-Hua
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Cui Kai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Liu Chuan-Yi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guo Shou-Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xie Zhi-Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gerlach M, Proksch AL, Unterer S, Speck S, Truyen U, Hartmann K. Efficacy of feline anti-parvovirus antibodies in the treatment of canine parvovirus infection. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:408-415. [PMID: 28369886 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study aimed to evaluate efficacy of commercially available feline anti-parvovirus antibodies in dogs with canine parvovirus infection. METHODS First, cross-protection of feline panleukopenia virus antibodies against canine parvovirus was evaluated in vitro. In the subsequent prospective clinical trial, 31 dogs with clinical signs of canine parvovirus infection and a positive faecal canine parvovirus polymerase chain reaction were randomly assigned to a group receiving feline panleukopenia virus antibodies (n=15) or placebo (n=16). All dogs received additional routine treatment. Clinical signs, blood parameters, time to clinical recovery and mortality were compared between the groups. Serum antibody titres and quantitative faecal polymerase chain reaction were compared on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. RESULTS In vitro, canine parvovirus was fully neutralised by feline panleukopenia virus antibodies. There were no detected significant differences in clinical signs, time to clinical recovery, blood parameters, mortality, faecal virus load, or viral shedding between groups. Dogs in the placebo group showed a significant increase of serum antibody titres and a significant decrease of faecal virus load between day 14 and day 0, which was not detectable in dogs treated with feline panleukopenia virus antibodies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE No significant beneficial effect of passively transferred feline anti-parvovirus antibodies in the used dosage regimen on the treatment of canine parvovirus infection was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gerlach
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - A L Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - S Unterer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - S Speck
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - U Truyen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 80539, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reperant LA, Brown IH, Haenen OL, de Jong MD, Osterhaus ADME, Papa A, Rimstad E, Valarcher JF, Kuiken T. Companion Animals as a Source of Viruses for Human Beings and Food Production Animals. J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:S41-53. [PMID: 27522300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. Despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. Therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viruses and viruses of food production animals, and prioritized these viruses in terms of human health and economic importance. In total, 138 virus species reportedly capable of infecting companion animals were of concern for human and food production animal health: 59 of these viruses were infectious for human beings, 135 were infectious for food production mammals and birds, and 22 were infectious for food production fishes. Viruses of highest concern for human health included hantaviruses, Tahyna virus, rabies virus, West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Aichi virus, European bat lyssavirus, hepatitis E virus, cowpox virus, G5 rotavirus, influenza A virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Viruses of highest concern for food production mammals and birds included bluetongue virus, African swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, lumpy skin disease virus, Rift Valley fever virus, porcine circovirus, classical swine fever virus, equine herpesvirus 9, peste des petits ruminants virus and equine infectious anaemia virus. Viruses of highest concern for food production fishes included cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (koi herpesvirus), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Of particular concern as sources of zoonotic or food production animal viruses were domestic carnivores, rodents and food production animals kept as companion animals. The current list of viruses provides an objective basis for more in-depth analysis of the risk of companion animals as sources of viruses for human and food production animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Reperant
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H Brown
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - O L Haenen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Shellfish and Crustacean Diseases, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Rimstad
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - J-F Valarcher
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Miranda C, Thompson G. Canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2043-2057. [PMID: 27389721 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important enteric virus infecting canids is canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). CPV is the aetiologic agent of a contagious disease, mainly characterized by clinical gastroenteritis signs in younger dogs. CPV-2 emerged as a new virus in the late 1970s, which could infect domestic dogs, and became distributed in the global dog population within 2 years. A few years later, the virus's original type was replaced by a new genetic and antigenic variant, called CPV-2a. Around 1984 and 2000, virus variants with the single change to Asp or Glu in the VP2 residue 426 were detected (sometimes termed CPV-2b and -2c). The genetic and antigenic changes in the variants have also been correlated with changes in their host range; in particular, in the ability to replicate in cats and also host range differences in canine and other tissue culture cells. CPV-2 variants have been circulating among wild carnivores and have been well-documented in several countries around the world. Here, we have reviewed and summarized the current information about the worldwide distribution and evolution of CPV-2 variants since they emerged, as well as the host ranges they are associated with.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBio, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gertrude Thompson
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), InBio, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Canine parvoviruses in New Zealand form a monophyletic group distinct from the viruses circulating in other parts of the world. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:190-200. [PMID: 26031569 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a well-recognized cause of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs worldwide. The aim of the current study was to identify which CPV-2 subtypes circulate among dogs in New Zealand, and to investigate the evolutionary patterns of contemporary CPV-2 viruses. Faecal samples were collected from 79 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection over the period of 13 months, and tested for the presence of CPV-2 DNA by PCR. Of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as CPV-2a and one as CPV-2. A majority of CPV-2 positive samples were collected from unvaccinated or not-fully vaccinated puppies ≤6 months of age. The haplotype network produced from New Zealand CPV-2 sequences showed no structure when assessed based on location, vaccination status or age of the animals sampled. International haplotype network indicated that, unlike CPV-2 from other countries, the population of CPV-2 in New Zealand appeared to be monophyletic.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim YK, Lim SI, Choi S, Cho IS, Park EH, An DJ. A novel assay for detecting canine parvovirus using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor. J Virol Methods 2015; 219:23-27. [PMID: 25813597 PMCID: PMC7119597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ProLinker™ B, Calixcrown derivatives, makes antibody positioned be more regular with the right orientation on gold-coated quartz surface. The ProLinker-coated QCM showed a superior sensitivity and could detect at low CPV concentration than commercial immunochromatography Ag kit. The QCM biosensor described herein is eminently suitable for the rapid diagnosis of CPV infection with high sensitivity and specificity.
Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce both the shedding and clinical signs of canine parvovirus (CPV). The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a new tool for measuring frequency changes associated with antigen–antibody interactions. In this study, the QCM biosensor and ProLinker™ B were used to rapidly diagnosis CPV infection. ProLinker™ B enables antibodies to be attached to a gold-coated quartz surface in a regular pattern and in the correct orientation for antigen binding. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to set a cut-off value using reference CPVs (two groups: one CPV-positive and one CPV-negative). The ROC curves overlapped and the point of intersection was used as the cut-off value. A QCM biosensor with a cut-off value of −205 Hz showed 95.4% (104/109) sensitivity and 98.0% (149/152) specificity when used to test 261 field fecal samples compared to PCR. In conclusion, the QCM biosensor described herein is eminently suitable for the rapid diagnosis of CPV infection with high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it is a promising analytical tool that will be useful for clinical diagnosis, which requires rapid and reliable analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwan Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-In Lim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Choi
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aleutian mink disease virus in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis): evidence for cross-species spillover. J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:389-400. [PMID: 25647590 DOI: 10.7589/2014-05-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) causes a parvovirus infection, initially characterized in American mink (Neovison vison), that may have harmful effects on wild populations of susceptible animals. In North America, where American mink are native, the origin, host range, and prevalence of AMDV in wild species is not clear. We studied striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) to determine whether species sympatric with mink are potential reservoirs in the transmission of AMDV to wild mink and mink farms. Antibodies to AMDV were detected in 41% of skunk serum samples (143/347) and AMDV nucleic acids were detected in 32% (14/40) of skunk spleen samples by PCR, indicating that AMDV exposure and infection were frequent in skunks. We detected no AMDV antibodies in 144 raccoon blood samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a newly identified AMDV haplogroup consisting of isolates from Ontario skunks and a free-ranging domestic mink from Ontario. Our findings of frequent AMDV infection in skunks, close genetic similarity between skunk and mink AMDV isolates, and evidence of AMDV transmission from skunks to mink support the hypothesis that skunks may be acting as alternative hosts and reservoirs of AMDV to wild mink through cross-species virus spillover.
Collapse
|
47
|
Thrall PH, Oakeshott JG, Fitt G, Southerton S, Burdon JJ, Sheppard A, Russell RJ, Zalucki M, Heino M, Ford Denison R. Evolution in agriculture: the application of evolutionary approaches to the management of biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems. Evol Appl 2015; 4:200-15. [PMID: 25567968 PMCID: PMC3352559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts increasingly drive ecological and evolutionary processes at many spatio-temporal scales, demanding greater capacity to predict and manage their consequences. This is particularly true for agro-ecosystems, which not only comprise a significant proportion of land use, but which also involve conflicting imperatives to expand or intensify production while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. These imperatives reinforce the likelihood of further major changes in agriculture over the next 30–40 years. Key transformations include genetic technologies as well as changes in land use. The use of evolutionary principles is not new in agriculture (e.g. crop breeding, domestication of animals, management of selection for pest resistance), but given land-use trends and other transformative processes in production landscapes, ecological and evolutionary research in agro-ecosystems must consider such issues in a broader systems context. Here, we focus on biotic interactions involving pests and pathogens as exemplars of situations where integration of agronomic, ecological and evolutionary perspectives has practical value. Although their presence in agro-ecosystems may be new, many traits involved in these associations evolved in natural settings. We advocate the use of predictive frameworks based on evolutionary models as pre-emptive management tools and identify some specific research opportunities to facilitate this. We conclude with a brief discussion of multidisciplinary approaches in applied evolutionary problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Fitt
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Myron Zalucki
- The University of Queensland, School of Integrative Biology Qld, Australia
| | - Mikko Heino
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - R Ford Denison
- University of Minnesota, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Allison AB, Kohler DJ, Ortega A, Hoover EA, Grove DM, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Host-specific parvovirus evolution in nature is recapitulated by in vitro adaptation to different carnivore species. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004475. [PMID: 25375184 PMCID: PMC4223063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) emerged as a new pandemic pathogen of dogs in the 1970s and is closely related to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a parvovirus of cats and related carnivores. Although both viruses have wide host ranges, analysis of viral sequences recovered from different wild carnivore species, as shown here, demonstrated that >95% were derived from CPV-like viruses, suggesting that CPV is dominant in sylvatic cycles. Many viral sequences showed host-specific mutations in their capsid proteins, which were often close to sites known to control binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR), the host receptor for these carnivore parvoviruses, and which exhibited frequent parallel evolution. To further examine the process of host adaptation, we passaged parvoviruses with alternative backgrounds in cells from different carnivore hosts. Specific mutations were selected in several viruses and these differed depending on both the background of the virus and the host cells in which they were passaged. Strikingly, these in vitro mutations recapitulated many specific changes seen in viruses from natural populations, strongly suggesting they are host adaptive, and which were shown to result in fitness advantages over their parental virus. Comparison of the sequences of the transferrin receptors of the different carnivore species demonstrated that many mutations occurred in and around the apical domain where the virus binds, indicating that viral variants were likely selected through their fit to receptor structures. Some of the viruses accumulated high levels of variation upon passage in alternative hosts, while others could infect multiple different hosts with no or only a few additional mutations. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the evolutionary history of a virus, including how long it has been circulating and in which hosts, as well as its phylogenetic background, has a profound effect on determining viral host range. Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important example of a viral pathogen that evolved by cross-species transmission and mutation to initiate a disease pandemic. Carnivore parvoviruses infect many species, and their passage in different hosts may select mutations that facilitate host jumping; for example, natural passage of CPV in raccoons may have facilitated its adaptation to dogs. Conversely, some raccoon-adapted viruses are non-infectious to dogs, illustrating that host range barriers exist among different carnivores. Here we demonstrate that these barriers can be overcome by only a few mutations in the virus that likely alter host receptor binding, and that host adaptation can differ dramatically among very similar viruses. Importantly, we also show that passage of viruses in cell cultures of different hosts results in mutations at the same sites that vary in nature and confer fitness increases, strongly suggesting that they are adaptively important. These findings demonstrate that parvoviruses may cross species barriers to infect less susceptible hosts through single or only a few mutations, and that differences in the genetic background, host range, and/or evolutionary history of the viruses influence their propensity to jump hosts. Overall, these discoveries help reveal the mechanisms that control host switching and viral emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Allison
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dennis J Kohler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alicia Ortega
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Hoover
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Grove
- North Dakota Game and Fish Department, North Dakota State Government, Bismarck, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kaur G, Chandra M, Dwivedi PN, Sharma NS. Antigenic typing of canine parvovirus using differential PCR. Virusdisease 2014; 25:481-7. [PMID: 25674626 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an enteric pathogen causing hemorrhagic enteritis in pups of 3-6 months of age and is mainly transmitted via feco-oral route. In the present study, a total of 85 animals rectal swabs suspected of CPV were tested using a PCR, nested PCR and a newly designed differential PCR. Using PCR 7 (8.23 %) animals were positive whereas 39 (45.88 %) were positive by using nested PCR and 40 (47.05 %) were positive for either one or more than one antigenic types of CPV using differential PCR. Using differential PCR it was found that CPV-2a and CPV-2b were the most prevailing antigenic types. Also it was found that dogs that were vaccinated too yielded positive CPV indicating a possible presence of additional CPV antigenic types. Thus, the primers used in differential PCR can be used in a single PCR reaction to detect various antigenic types of CPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - P N Dwivedi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - N S Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun YL, Yen CH, Tu CF. Visual detection of canine parvovirus based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with lateral flow dipstick. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:509-16. [PMID: 24334855 PMCID: PMC4064134 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP) combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAMP–ELISA) and with
lateral flow dipstick (LAMP–LFD) are rapid, sensitive and specific methods for the visual
detection of clinical pathogens. In this study, LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD were developed for
the visual detection of canine parvovirus (CPV). For LAMP, a set of four primers
(biotin-labeled forward inner primers) was designed to specifically amplify a region of
the VP2 gene of CPV. The optimum time and temperature for LAMP were 60 min and 65°C,
respectively. The specific capture oligonucleotide probes, biotin-labeled CPV probe for
LAMP–ELISA and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CPV probe for LAMP–LFD were also
designed for hybridization with LAMP amplicons on streptavidin-coated wells and LFD
strips, respectively. For the comparison of detection sensitivity, conventional PCR and
LAMP for CPV detection were also performed. The CPV detection limits by PCR, PCR–ELISA,
LAMP, LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD were 102, 102, 10−1,
10−1 and 10−1 TCID50/ml, respectively.
In tests using artificially contaminated dog fecal samples, the samples with CPV
inoculation levels of ≥1 TCID50/ml gave positive results by
both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD. Our data indicated that both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD are
promising as rapid, sensitive and specific methods for an efficient diagnosis of CPV
infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | |
Collapse
|