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Kunhamu Karatt T, Sathiq MA, Laya S. Is 9β-dehydrohalogenation of betamethasone and dexamethasone hindering the detection of banned co-eluting meprednisone? A reverse-phase chiral liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. Steroids 2020; 155:108572. [PMID: 31904376 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectral analysis of dexamethasone and betamethasone reveal intense signals at m/z 373.19994 (using a Thermo Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer coupled with Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC + operated in the positive ion mode), matching the signal of meprednisone, the 11-oxo version of methylprednisolone, along with its parent signal; possibly due to dehydrohalogenation of these drugs at MS. The parent mass of meprednisone is exactly same as that of dehydrohalogenated mass of dexamethasone and betamethasone; and are co-eluting, displaying same mass spectra. Specifically when they are administered together, identifying meprednisone (a drug for which there is zero tolerance in some regions of the world), is a great challenge with currently available techniques because it could be easily mistaken for dexamethasone or betamethasone, drugs allowed at certain threshold limits for therapeutic considerations. False negative results could be obtained in conventional reverse-phase chromatography and are liable to be abused; hence, establishing "zero tolerance" limits for these compounds often proves ineffective. In this paper, present an effective and reliable analytical method for simultaneously separating and identifying dexamethasone, betamethasone and meprednisone in equine urine and plasma using chiral liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. From the various columns screened, the Lux i-Cellulose-5 chiral column produced high-quality results with extremely good separation. During this study, it is quite evident that dehydrohalogenation occurs only in the mass ionization source; the compounds are very stable in-vivo/in-vitro and do not break down either on-column or during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen Kunhamu Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, India.
| | - M Anwar Sathiq
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, India.
| | - Saraswathy Laya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Mazloum‐Ardakani M, Sadri N, Eslami V. Detection of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Blood Plasma: Application of Hematite in Electrochemical Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Najva Sadri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYazd University Yazd 89195-741 Iran
| | - Vahid Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceYazd University Yazd 89195-741 Iran
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3
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Karatt TK, Sayed R, Nalakath J, Perwad Z, Albert PH, Abdul Khader KK. Separation and identification of the epimeric doping agents - Dexamethasone and betamethasone in equine urine and plasma: A reversed phase chiral chromatographic approach. Steroids 2018; 140:77-82. [PMID: 30296548 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the most important considerations when controlling doping. The epimeric corticosteroids dexamethasone and betamethasone are significantly potent and long-acting, and they are highly abused in equestrian sports. The scope of this study was to develop a simple and reliable analytical method for simultaneously identifying and separating regularly abused co-eluting corticosteroids in equine urine and plasma. In this paper, we present a simple and rapid method for the chiral separation and identification of epimeric mixtures of dexamethasone and betamethasone using a Thermo Q Exactive high resolution accurate mass spectrometer. The high resolution accurate mass spectrometer system provided extremely high sensitivity, enabling detection of each isomer at a very low concentration from complex biological matrices. Chromatographic separation was performed using amylose and cellulose chiral columns. Reversed phase media showed very good potential for providing a successful chiral resolution in LC-MS analysis. This study also focused on optimizing the mobile phase for elution strength, nature of the organic modifier, additives, and column temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramy Sayed
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jahfar Nalakath
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter H Albert
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - K K Abdul Khader
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, PO Box 597, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Karatt TK, Nalakath J, Perwad Z, Albert PH, Abdul Khader KK, Syed Ali Padusha M, Laya S. Mass spectrometric method for distinguishing isomers of dexamethasone via fragment mass ratio: An HRMS approach. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1046-1058. [PMID: 30098588 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The major challenge in identifying dexamethasone, betamethasone, and paramethasone from a mixture of these corticosteroids is difficulty in achieving an efficient separation. In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient technique to identify these co-eluting isomers based on the mass spectral patterns of them and their corresponding phase II metabolites after electrospray ionization. Fragmentation pathways in tandem mass spectrometry revealed acceptable specificity within the groups of conjugates. The method was validated using individual isomers and mixtures at various compositions. The effects of concentration and collision energies on fragmentation patterns were also studied extensively. Matrix-fortified equine urine and plasma samples were also included so that matrix effects and interferences on fragmentation ratios could be elucidated. Preliminary results using biological samples demonstrated the suitability of this analytical strategy for direct measurement from their fragmentation patterns. Possible fragmentation pathways for each isomer were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudheen K Karatt
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Jahfar Nalakath
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter H Albert
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohamedkhan Syed Ali Padusha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Saraswathy Laya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Li H, Ai L, Fan S, Wang Y, Sun D. Rapid determination of 18 glucocorticoids in serum using reusable on-line SPE polymeric monolithic column coupled with LC-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fatahi A, Malakooti R, Shahlaei M. Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dexamethasone at an Fe3O4/PANI–CuII microsphere modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, simple, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on an Fe3O4/PANI–CuII microsphere modified carbon ionic liquid electrode is constructed and utilized for the determination of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Fatahi
- Nanochemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Birjand
- Birjand
- Iran
| | - Reihaneh Malakooti
- Nanochemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Birjand
- Birjand
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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7
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Noh E, Yoon CY, Lee JH, Lee JM, Baek SY, Oh HB, Do JA. A Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF MS) Study for Analyzing 35 Corticosteroid Compounds: Elucidation of MS/MS Fragmentation Pathways. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Noh
- Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si 361-709 Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Yoon
- Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si 361-709 Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si 361-709 Korea
| | - Jung-min Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sogang University; Seoul 121-742 Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si 361-709 Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry; Sogang University; Seoul 121-742 Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Do
- Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department; National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Cheongju-si 361-709 Korea
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8
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Wagner M, Ohlund LB, Shiao TC, Vézina A, Annabi B, Roy R, Sleno L. Isotope-labeled differential profiling of metabolites using N-benzoyloxysuccinimide derivatization coupled to liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1632-1640. [PMID: 26467115 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An isotopic labeling strategy based on derivatizing amine-containing metabolites has been developed using light ((12) C6 ) and heavy ((13) C6 ) N-benzoyloxysuccinimide reagents for semi-targeted metabolomic applications. METHODS Differentially labeled samples were combined and analyzed simultaneously by liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HR-MS/MS) to compare relative amounts of amine-containing metabolites. The selectivity of the reaction was determined with model metabolites and was shown to also be applicable to thiol and phenol moieties. The potential for relative quantitation was evaluated in cell extracts and the method was then applied to quantify metabolic perturbations occurring in human cultured cells under normal vs. oxidative stress conditions. RESULTS A total of 279 derivatized features were detected in HL60 cell extracts, 77 of which yielded significant concentration changes upon oxidative stress treatment. Based on accurate mass measurements and MS/MS spectral matching with reference standard solutions, 10 metabolites were clearly identified. Derivatized compounds were found to have diagnostic fragment ions from the reagent itself, as well as structurally informative ions useful for metabolite identification. CONCLUSIONS This simple derivatization reaction can be applied to the relative quantitation of amine-, thiol- and phenol-containing compounds, with improved sensitivity and chromatographic peak shapes due to the increased hydrophobicity of polar metabolites not readily amenable to reversed-phase LC/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Leanne B Ohlund
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Vézina
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department/Pharmaqam, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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A computational drug metabolite detection using the stable isotopic mass-shift filtering with high resolution mass spectrometry in pioglitazone and flurbiprofen. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19716-30. [PMID: 24084721 PMCID: PMC3821582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of metabolites in drug discovery is important. At present, radioisotopes and mass spectrometry are both widely used. However, rapid and comprehensive identification is still laborious and difficult. In this study, we developed new analytical software and employed a stable isotope as a tool to identify drug metabolites using mass spectrometry. A deuterium-labeled compound and non-labeled compound were both metabolized in human liver microsomes and analyzed by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). We computationally aligned two different MS data sets and filtered ions having a specific mass-shift equal to masses of labeled isotopes between those data using our own software. For pioglitazone and flurbiprofen, eight and four metabolites, respectively, were identified with calculations of mass and formulas and chemical structural fragmentation analysis. With high resolution MS, the approach became more accurate. The approach detected two unexpected metabolites in pioglitazone, i.e., the hydroxypropanamide form and the aldehyde hydrolysis form, which other approaches such as metabolite-biotransformation list matching and mass defect filtering could not detect. We demonstrated that the approach using computational alignment and stable isotopic mass-shift filtering has the ability to identify drug metabolites and is useful in drug discovery.
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10
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Yamaguchi M, Matsuda Y, Sasaki S, Sasaki M, Kadoma Y, Imai Y, Niwa D, Shetty V. Immunosensor with fluid control mechanism for salivary cortisol analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:186-91. [PMID: 22939507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to demonstrate a new design for a cortisol immunosensor for the noninvasive and quantitative analysis of salivary cortisol. We propose a cortisol immunosensor with a fluid control mechanism which has both a vertical flow and a lateral flow. The detected current resulting from a competitive reaction between the sample cortisol and a glucose oxidase (GOD)-labeled cortisol conjugate was found to be inversely related to the concentration of cortisol in the sample solution. A calibration curve using the relative detected current showed a R(2)=0.98 and CV=14% for a range of standard cortisol solutions corresponding to the concentrations of native salivary cortisol (0.1-10 ng/ml). The measurement could be accomplished within 35 min and the cortisol immunosensor could be reused. These results show promise for realizing an on-site and easy-to-use biosensor for cortisol. Used for evaluation of human salivary cortisol levels, the cortisol immunosensor measurement corresponded closely with commercially available ELISA method (R(2)=0.92). Our results indicate the promise of the new cortisol immunosensor for noninvasive, point of care measurement of human salivary cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamaguchi
- Biomedical Engineering & Robotics Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan.
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11
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Piwowarska J, Chimiak A, Matsumoto H, Dziklińska A, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Szelenberger W, Pachecka J. Serum cortisol concentration in patients with major depression after treatment with fluoxetine. Psychiatry Res 2012; 198:407-11. [PMID: 22429479 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and elevated cortisol levels is characteristic of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine whether increased plasma cortisol levels appear in patients with major depression and if effective antidepressant treatment by fluoxetine leads to regulation of cortisol level. This aim was realized by describing and validation of methods of determining fluoxetine and cortisol in serum and searching for correlation between their concentrations in patients with endogenous depression, the therapeutic effect as assessed in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), age and sex of patients. Plasma cortisol and fluoxetine levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with applying Shimadzu chromatograph with UV detection. Plasma cortisol and fluoxetine levels were measured at time zero (before therapy) and after 6h, 24h, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of fluoxetine administration in patients with major depression qualified for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The study included 21 patients (14 women, 7 men; mean age 29-75 years) and 24 healthy comparison subjects. The patients had a mean score on the 21-item HDRS. As the effect of fluoxetine administration the decrease of the level of cortisol was observed in patients who responded to the therapy (the reduction of points in HDRS scale in at least 50%). The validation parameters of HPLC method of fluoxetine and cortisol determination indicate the possibility of applying them for determination of both: the level of concentration of the drug in therapeutic drug monitoring and the level of cortisol in serum of patients with endogenous depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Piwowarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Rezaei B, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ. Nanoscale Manipulation of Prednisolone as Electroactive Configuration Using Molecularly Imprinted-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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A comparison of edge- and basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes towards the sensitive determination of hydrocortisone. Talanta 2010; 83:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Shackleton C. Clinical steroid mass spectrometry: a 45-year history culminating in HPLC-MS/MS becoming an essential tool for patient diagnosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:481-90. [PMID: 20188832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Automated rapid HPLC tandem mass spectrometry has become the method of choice for clinical steroid analysis. It is replacing immunoassay techniques in most instances because it has high sensitivity, better reproducibility, greater specificity and can be used to analyze multiple steroids simultaneously. Modern multiplex instruments can analyze thousands of samples per month so even with high instrument costs the price of individual assays can be affordable. The mass spectrometry of steroids goes back decades; the first on-line chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for hormone analysis date to the 1960s. This paper reviews the evolution of mass spectrometric techniques applied to sterol and steroid measurement There have been three eras: (1) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), (2) Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) and (3) HPLC/MS. The first technique is only suitable for unconjugated steroids, the second for conjugated, and the third equally useful for free or conjugated. FAB transformed biological mass spectrometry in the 1980s but in the end was an interim technique; GC/MS retains unique qualities but is unsuited to commercial routine analysis, while LC-MS/MS is rightly stealing the show and has become the dominant method for steroid analysis in endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Shackleton
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Toledo-Pinto E, Menezes M, Pereira O. Desenvolvimento de um método analítico rápido e eficiente para a determinação de corticosteróides plasmáticos por injeção direta em coluna cromatográfica ISRP-C18 por CLAE. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702010000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um método analítico simples, rápido e eficiente para a determinação de corticosteróides (cortisona, corticosterona, acetato de hidrocortisona e acetato de dexametasona) em amostras sangüíneas de ratos empregando um sistema isocrático de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detecção ultravioleta. O método envolveu a injeção direta da amostra sangüínea em uma coluna cromatográfica com superfície interna de fase reversa (ISRP-C18), empregando a fase móvel composta por tampão fosfato pH 4,0: acetonitrila (65:35 v/v). A detecção dos analitos foi obtida, através de um detector de ultravioleta de comprimento de onda variável (Varian Modelo 2550) ajustado em 240 nm e um integrador SP 4400 Chromaject (Varian Associates, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). A extração do analito resultou em valores de recuperação entre 90% e 108%, e coeficiente de variação entre 1,1% a 2,5%. Os limites de detecção e quantificação do método foram de 0,02 e 0,04 µg mL-1, respectivamente. Assim, o método analítico proposto possibilitou a injeção direta (on-line) da amostra sem tratamento prévio apresentando também várias vantagens, tais como: rapidez, exatidão, precisão e especificidade.
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16
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Shibasaki H, Nakayama H, Furuta T, Kasuya Y, Tsuchiya M, Soejima A, Yamada A, Nagasawa T. Simultaneous determination of prednisolone, prednisone, cortisol, and cortisone in plasma by GC-MS: estimating unbound prednisolone concentration in patients with nephrotic syndrome during oral prednisolone therapy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 870:164-9. [PMID: 18387858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual variability of the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone based on the unbound concentration in plasma is of significant clinical consideration. The unbound concentrations of prednisolone were measured in 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome, two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and one patient with dermatomyositis by examining protein bindings of prednisolone on one or more occasions during prednisolone treatment. In this study, plasma concentrations of prednisolone, prednisone, cortisol, and cortisone were simultaneously analyzed by GC-MS by using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Equilibrium dialysis was employed to accurately estimate the unbound fractions of prednisolone in plasma. The unbound fraction of prednisolone changed depending on plasma total prednisolone concentration and plasma albumin concentration. The unbound fraction of prednisolone (Y) is calculated: Y=(-0.0101x' + 0.0736) x + 10.23, where x' is the plasma albumin concentration and x is the total prednisolone concentration. The estimated concentrations of unbound prednisolone by using the above equation were in good agreement with the measured concentrations of unbound prednisolone. Since the protein binding of prednisolone did not change in the presence of prednisone (114.0 ng/ml), it appeared that prednisone produced from the therapeutic dose of prednisolone did not affect the unbound fraction of prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Shibasaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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17
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De Brabander HF, Le Bizec B, Pinel G, Antignac JP, Verheyden K, Mortier V, Courtheyn D, Noppe H. Past, present and future of mass spectrometry in the analysis of residues of banned substances in meat-producing animals. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:983-98. [PMID: 17657726 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A residue is a trace (microg kg(-1), ng kg(-1)) of a substance, present in a matrix. Banned substances, such as growth promoters, which are abused in animal fattening and where this article is focused on, may be divided into four major groups: thyreostats, anabolics or anabolic steroids, corticosteroids and beta-agonists or repartitioning agents. The combination of chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry (GC-MS(n), LC-MS(n), etc.) plays a key role in the production of specific results in residue analysis. In this review, the past, present and future of mass spectrometry in this area are discussed in the light of the impact of these substances on human health and the reliable production of analytical results, ready for challenge in a court.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F De Brabander
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Lab Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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18
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Ramirez AJ, Mottaleb MA, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK. Analysis of pharmaceuticals in fish using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3155-63. [PMID: 17348635 DOI: 10.1021/ac062215i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method has been developed targeting 23 pharmaceuticals and 2 metabolites with differing physicochemical properties in fish tissue. Reversed-phase separation of target compounds was achieved using a C18 column and a nonlinear gradient consisting of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and methanol. Eluted analytes were introduced into the mass analyzer using positive or negative electrospray ionization, as appropriate. A variety of extraction solvents, differing in polarity, pH, or both, were investigated in order to assess recovery of target compounds from 1-g tissue homogenates. Among 10 solvents tested, a 1:1 mixture of 0.1 M aqueous acetic acid (pH 4) and methanol was identified as optimal, resulting in extraction recoveries for 24 of 25 compounds exceeding 60%. Tissue extracts were found to influence the LC-MS/MS response for several analytes. Consequently, matrix-matched calibration standards were employed to determine analyte concentrations in environmental samples. Statistically derived method detection limits were <6 ng/g for most analytes. The method was subsequently used to screen for target analytes in fish from an effluent-dominated stream. Diphenhydramine, diltiazem, carbamazepine, and norfluoxetine were detected in 11 of 11 environmental samples at concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 5.14 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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Chen YL, Jiang X, Weng N. A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEXAMETHASONE IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Wu HL, Ding YJ, Xia AL, Cui H, Yu RQ. Simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids by using HPLC–DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on alternating trilinear decomposition. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 840:116-23. [PMID: 16714156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in body fluids has been developed in this paper. Three-way data recorded by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) have been analyzed by second-order calibration based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm. The chemometric methodology selected exploits the second-order advantage of the three-way data arrays, which allows one to obtain concentrations of individual calibrated analytes even in the presence of interferences not present in the calibration samples (e.g. background in urine or plasma). It was applied to simultaneous determination of cortisol and prednisolone in both plasma and urine samples. Though the chromatographic and spectral peaks of the analytes were heavily overlapped and interferents coeluted with the compounds studied, good recoveries of the analytes could be obtained with HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order calibration based on ATLD. Sample preparation was based on solvent extraction (SE), and quantification can be carried out with simple mobile phase. The time required for the quantification process is shorter than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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21
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Simultaneous determination of 11 drugs belonging to four different groups in human urine samples by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Yang AY, Sun L, Musson DG, Zhao JJ. Determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma by microElution solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:233-40. [PMID: 16345110 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive microElution solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma. In this method, M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol were extracted from 0.3 mL of human plasma samples using a Waters Oasis HLB 96-well microElution SPE plate using 70 microL methanol as the elution solvent, and chromatographed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 x 50 mm, 3.5 microm). M+9 cortisone and M+9 cortisol were used as the internal standards. A PE Sciex API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer interfaced with the liquid chromatograph via a turboionspray source was used for mass analysis and detection. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of precursor --> product ion transitions were monitored at m/z 365.2 [M+H](+) --> 167.0 and at m/z 367.3 [M+H](+) --> 125.1 for M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 ng mL(-1) and the linear calibration range was from 0.1 to 100 ng mL(-1) for both analytes. This method demonstrated to be very reproducible and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Yang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., WP75A-303, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Sahasranaman S, Tang Y, Biniasz D, Hochhaus G. A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of mometasone furoate in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 819:175-9. [PMID: 15797536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A robust, rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-(APCI(-))-MS-MS) method has been developed for the quantification of mometasone furoate (MF) in human plasma utilizing a solid-phase extraction clean-up step and 13C-fluticasone propionate as internal standard. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were < or = 15% and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 15 pg/ml. This method is ideally suited for pharmacokinetic investigations of low MF levels following inhalation of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar Sahasranaman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO 100494, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Jung PG, Kim B, Park SR, So HY, Shi LH, Kim Y. Determination of serum cortisol using isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as a candidate reference method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 380:782-8. [PMID: 15459802 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We propose isotope-dilution mass spectrometry as a candidate reference method for determination of serum cortisol. The method uses liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), interfaced with electrospray ionization, and selective monitoring of the [M + H]+ ions of cortisol and isotopically labeled cortisol. The isotope-dilution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS) method simplifies sample-preparation, because samples are processed by simple solvent extraction without further clean-up and derivatization. We studied the time required for complete equilibration of endogenous cortisol and labeled cortisol spiked into serum and found it to be less than 1 h. The repeatability and the reproducibility of the method were evaluated and found to be 0.55% of the measurement value. CRM 192 and 193 from the Bureau Communautaire de Reference were analyzed for verification of the method. The results obtained from the ID-LC-MS method agreed with the certified values. The relative uncertainty of measurement results for samples in the range of a few tens of micrograms per kilogram to several hundred micrograms per kilogram was evaluated and found to be 0.56%. Immunoassay carried out by three independent clinical laboratories produced results more than 15% higher than this ID-LC-MS method, suggesting the presence of bias in the immunoassay methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong Gil Jung
- Department of Chemistry, KyungNam University, Masan, Kyungnam 631-701, Korea
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Raul JS, Cirimele V, Ludes B, Kintz P. Detection of physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisone in human hair. Clin Biochem 2005; 37:1105-11. [PMID: 15589817 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2003] [Revised: 02/15/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the 1960s, glucocorticoids are used by athletes to improve their performances. Their use is restricted in sports. Hair can document chronic abuse and can be therefore a complementary matrix for doping control. We have developed a new extraction, purification, and separation technique using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of two endogenous glucocorticoids: cortisol and cortisone. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative investigations were achieved with 44 hair samples (17 males, 27 females; age ranging from 2 to 90 years). Hair strands were washed in methylene chloride, the first two centimeters of the strand were cut and pulverized in a ball mill. The powdered hair was incubated in 2 mL Soerensen buffer, pH 7.6, for 16 h at 40 degrees C, in the presence of cortisol-d3 as an internal standard. Purification of the incubation medium was achieved on SPE C18 Isolute extraction columns followed by an alkaline liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and resuspended in 25 microL of acetonitrile/ammonium formiate (1:1,v/v). The chromatography was operated on a LC Packings Superba Nucleosil C18 column using a linear gradient of acetonitrile from 30% to 70% in 10 min. The detector was a Perkin Elmer Sciex API 100 mass spectrometer. The detector's response was linear for cortisol and cortisone concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 pg/mg. Extraction recovery at 50 pg/mg was 74% for cortisol and 32% for cortisone. Repeatability (CV values n = 8) at 7 pg/mg cortisol and at 50 pg/mg cortisone were 11% in both cases. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1 and 5 pg/mg, for both compounds, respectively. RESULTS Cortisol concentrations in hair ranged from 5 to 91 pg/mg (mean 18 pg/mg). Cortisone concentrations in hair ranged from 12 to 163 pg/mg (mean 70 pg/mg). No influence of hair colour could be found. Influence of sex on cortisone concentrations seems possible but could not be statistically demonstrated. Finally, cortisone concentrations in hair are significantly higher before the age of 20. Incorporation of cortisol and cortisone in hair could follow a passive diffusion through sweat after conversion of part of cortisol to cortisone by Type 2 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase in sweat glands. This issue was documented by these analyses.
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26
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Luo Y, Uboh CE, Soma LR, Guan FY, Rudy JA, Tsang DS. Simultaneous analysis of twenty-one glucocorticoids in equine plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:1245-1256. [PMID: 15838928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous separation, identification, quantification and confirmation of the presence of 21 glucocorticoids (GCC) in equine plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with triple stage quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC/TSQ-MS/MS) is described. Plasma sample augmented with the 21 GCC was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and analyzed by positive electrospray ionization. Desoxymetasone or dichlorisone acetate was used as the internal standard (IS). Quantification was performed by IS calibration. For each drug, one major product ion was chosen and used for screening for that drug. Analyte confirmation was performed by using the three most intense product ions formed from the precursor ion and the corresponding mass ratios. The recovery of the 21 GCC when spiked into blank plasma at 5 ng/mL was 45-200% with coefficient of variation (CV) from 0.3-18%. The limit of detection (LOD) and that of quantification (LOQ) for most of the analytes were 50-100 pg/mL and 1 ng/mL, respectively, whereas that of confirmation (LOC) was 100-300 pg/mL depending on the analyte. Intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as CV for quantification of 1 and 10 ng/mL was 1.0-17%, and 0.51-19%, respectively, and the accuracy was from 84-110%. The linear concentration range for quantification was 0.1-100 ng/mL (r(2) > 0.997). Estimated measurement uncertainty was from 11-37%. This study was undertaken to develop a method for simultaneous screening, identification, quantification and confirmation of these agents in post-race equine plasma samples. The method has been successfully applied to screening of a large number of plasma samples obtained from racehorses in competition and in pharmacokinetic studies of dexamethasone in the horse and concurrent changes in endogenous GCC, hydrocortisone and cortisone. The method is simple, sensitive, selective and reliably reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, Kennett Square, 19348, USA
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Dhar P. Measuring tobacco smoke exposure: quantifying nicotine/cotinine concentration in biological samples by colorimetry, chromatography and immunoassay methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:155-68. [PMID: 15030890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Procedures to assess tobacco smoke exposure are reviewed and biomarkers used for determining the smoking status of an individual are compared. Methods used to extract these biomarkers from saliva, urine, and blood and the advantages and disadvantages of the assays are discussed. Finally, the procedures used to measure the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone speculated to be linked to nicotine metabolism, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA.
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AbuRuz S, Millership J, Heaney L, McElnay J. Simple liquid chromatography method for the rapid simultaneous determination of prednisolone and cortisol in plasma and urine using hydrophilic lipophilic balanced solid phase extraction cartridges. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 798:193-201. [PMID: 14643497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of a simple solid phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC method for the extraction and the specific determination of prednisolone and hydrocortisone (cortisol) in both plasma and urine using one washing step with Oasis hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges (1 ml/30 mg, 30 microm). Recoveries of prednisolone and cortisol from plasma and urine exceeded 82%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) in plasma and urine was 9.9 and 6.7 ng/ml for cortisol, respectively, and 11.6 and 8.0 ng/ml for prednisolone, respectively. The intraday and interday precision (measured by CV%) for both prednisolone and cortisol in both plasma and urine was always less than 7%. The accuracy (measured by relative error %) for both prednisolone and cortisol in both plasma and urine was always less than 8%. The advantages of the developed method are the use of a one step washing SPE utilising HLB cartridges which do not suffer the drying out problems of conventional SPE cartridges and the time saving when compared with solvent extraction (SE), in addition to the simultaneous determination of prednisolone and cortisol in both plasma and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S AbuRuz
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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29
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Furuta T, Mori C, Suzuki A, Shibasaki H, Yokokawa A, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisol in human urine by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection for phenotyping the CYP3A activity determined by the cortisol 6β-hydroxylation clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 801:165-71. [PMID: 14751784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) and cortisol in human urine using either methylprednisolone or beclomethasone as internal standard. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase phenyl column by a gradient elution of 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH (pH 3.77) and 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4)-0.01 M CH(3)COOH with acetonitrile (4:6, v/v). 6beta-Hydroxycortisol and cortisol were monitored by UV absorption at 239 nm. The lower quantitation limits of the present HPLC method were 21.5 ng/ml for 6beta-OHF and 5.0 ng/ml for cortisol in urine. The within-day reproducibilities in the amounts of 6beta-OHF and cortisol determined were in good agreement with the actual amounts added, the relative error being less than 1.59%. The inter-assay precisions (R.S.D. values) were less than 7.91% for 6beta-OHF and cortisol. The method was compared with the GC/MS method by measuring 6beta-OHF in the same urine samples. A good correlation was found between the amounts determined by the two methods. The regression equations for the HPLC (y) and GC/MS (x) methods were: y=1.0701x+17.389 (r=0.9772) for methylprednisolone as internal standard and y=1.0827x+6.1364 (r=0.9794) for beclomethasone as internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan.
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Antignac JP, Monteau F, N�griolli J, Andr� F, Le Bizec B. Application of Hyphenated Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Determination of Corticosteroid Residues in Biological Matrices. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-003-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Panusa A, Ottaviani M, Picardo M, Camera E, Gagliardi L, Chimenti P, Granese A, Tonelli D. Analysis of corticosteroids by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. Analyst 2004; 129:719-23. [PMID: 15284915 DOI: 10.1039/b402905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method, for the detection of corticosteroids in cosmetics has been developed. A water-acetonitrile linear gradient on a C-18 reversed-phase column was found to be suitable in separating triamcinolone and its main derivatives, which greatly differ in lipophilicity. Detection was performed in negative electrospray ionisation mode. Good correlation between peaks areas and solutions concentration was found in the range 0.05-10.0 micro g ml(-1) and the detection limits resulted in the range of 20-45 pg injected. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of real samples of shampoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Panusa
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica ed Inorganica, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Suzuki A, Shibasaki H, Kasuya Y, Furuta T. Simultaneous determination of endogenous and stable isotope-labelled 6beta-hydroxycortisols in human urine by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 794:373-80. [PMID: 12954389 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a capillary GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of endogenous 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) and its stable isotope-labelled analogue, 6beta-hydroxy-[1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisol (6beta-OHF-2H(5)), in human urine. 6beta-Hydroxy-[1,2,4,19-13C(4),1,1,19,19,19-2H(5)]cortisol (cortisol-13C(4),(2)H(5)) was used as an analytical internal standard. The methoxime trimethylsilyl ether (MO-TMS) derivatization was employed for the GC-MS analysis of 6beta-OHF. Quantitation was carried out by selected-ion monitoring (SIM) of the characteristic fragment ion ([M-31](+.)) of the MO-TMS derivative of 6beta-OHF. The sensitivity limit of the present GC-MS-SIM method was found to be 25 pg per injection for 6beta-OHF (S/N ratio=5.6). The within-day reproducibility in the amounts of unlabelled and labelled 6beta-OHFs determined were in good agreement with the actual amounts added, the relative errors being less than 5.30%. The inter-assay RSDs were less than 4.95% for unlabelled and labelled 6beta-OHFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 192-0392 Tokyo, Japan
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Guan F, Uboh C, Soma L, Hess A, Luo Y, Tsang DS. Sensitive liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of beclomethasone dipropionate and its metabolites in equine plasma and urine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:823-838. [PMID: 12938103 DOI: 10.1002/jms.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) is a potent pro-drug to beclomethasone (BOH) and is used in the treatment of chronic and acute respiratory disorders in the horse. The therapeutic dose of BDP (325 microg per horse) by inhalation results in very low plasma and urinary concentrations of BDP and its metabolites that pose a challenge to detection and confirmation by equine forensic laboratories. To solve this problem, a method involving the use of a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the detection, confirmation and quantification of the analytes in equine samples. Ammonium formate or acetate buffer added to LC mobile phase favored the formation of [M + H](+) ions from BDP and its metabolites, whereas formic acid led to the formation of sodium and potassium adduct ions ([M + Na](+), [M + K](+)) together with [M + H](+) ions. Acetonitrile, on the other hand, favored the formation of abundant solvent adduct ions [M + H + CH(3)CN](+) with the analytes under electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization conditions. In contrast, methanol formed much less solvent adduct ions than acetonitrile. The solvent adduct ions were thermally stable and could not be completely desolvated under the experimental conditions, but they were very fragile to collision-induced dissociation (CID). Interestingly, these solvent adduct ions were observed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry but not on an ion trap instrument where helium used as a damping gas in the ion trap might cause the solvent adduct ions desolvated by collision. By CID studies on the [M + H](+) ions of BDP and its metabolites, their fragmentation paths were proposed. In equine plasma at ambient temperature over 2 h, BDP and B21P were hydrolyzed in part to B17P and BOH, respectively, but B17P was not hydrolyzed. Sodium fluoride added to equine plasma inhibited the hydrolysis of BDP and B21P. The matrix effect in ESI was evaluated in equine plasma and urine samples. The method involved the extraction of BDP and its metabolites from equine plasma and urine samples by methyl tert-butyl ether, resolution on a C(8) column with a mobile phase gradient consisting of methanol and ammonium formate (2 mmol l(-1), pH 3.4) and multiple reaction monitoring for the analytes on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detection limit was 13 pg ml(-1) for BDP and B17P, 25 pg ml(-1) for BOH and 50 pg ml(-1) for B21P in plasma and 25 pg ml(-1) for BOH in urine. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of equine plasma and urine samples for the analytes following administration of BDP to horses by inhalation. B17P, the major and active metabolite of BDP, was detected and quantified in equine plasma up to 4 h post-administration by inhalation of a very low therapeutic dose (325 microg per horse) of BDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Guan
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center Campus, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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Greig MJ, Bolaños B, Quenzer T, Bylund JMR. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization for high-resolution analyses of corticosteroids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:2763-2768. [PMID: 14673824 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) was coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) for the first time and used for the analysis of several corticosteroids.1 The analytes showed excellent response using APPI when compared with both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). APPI has the advantage of requiring less heat for desolvation, resulting in less thermal degradation of the analytes and higher signal-to-noise than APCI. In terms of ultimate sensitivity, APPI is more efficient than either ESI or APCI for the analysis of corticosteroids. With some compounds, the high-resolution capability of FTICRMS was necessary to obtain an accurate mass due to contributions of the M(+.) (13)C isotope in the [M+H](+) ion peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Greig
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Application of the luminol chemiluminescence reaction for the determination of nine corticosteroids. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shimada K, Mitamura K, Higashi T. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of natural steroids. J Chromatogr A 2001; 935:141-72. [PMID: 11762773 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review article underlines the importance of gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their hyphenated techniques using mass spectrometry (MS) for the determination of natural steroids, especially in human biological fluids. Steroids are divided into eight categories based on their structures and functions, and recent references using the above methodologies for the analysis of these steroids are cited. GC and GC-MS are commonly used for the determination of volatile steroids. Although HPLC is a widely used analytical method for the determination of steroids including the conjugated type in biological fluids, LC-MS is considered to be the most promising one for this purpose because of its sensitivity, specificity and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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37
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Fluri K, Rivier L, Dienes-Nagy A, You C, Maître A, Schweizer C, Saugy M, Mangin P. Method for confirmation of synthetic corticosteroids in doping urine samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2001; 926:87-95. [PMID: 11554422 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the development of a method to confirm simultaneously nine of the most commonly abused synthetic corticosteroids in urine based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. A considerable simplified sample preparation procedure, including liquid-liquid phase extraction with Extrelut-NT3 columns, provided both excellent sample purification and high overall recoveries. Complete HPLC separations were obtained on a reversed-phase column with 1 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase. Mass spectral acquisition was done in the negative ion, and selected ion monitoring modes to identify the drugs with at least three characteristic ions. Detection limits were determined at < or =1 ng/ml and the confirmation limits at 1 to 5 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fluri
- Institut Universitaire de Médecine Légale, Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Tang PW, Law WC, Wan TS. Analysis of corticosteroids in equine urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 754:229-44. [PMID: 11318419 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the analysis of corticosteroids in equine urine was developed. Corticosteroid conjugates were hydrolysed with beta-glucuronidase; free and enzyme-released corticosteroids were then extracted from the samples with ethyl acetate followed by a base wash. The isolated corticosteroids were detected by LC-MS and confirmed by LC-MS-MS in the positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mode. Twenty-three corticosteroids (comprising hydrocortisone, deoxycorticosterone and 21 synthetic corticosteroids), each at 5 ng/ml in urine, could easily be analysed in 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Tang
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Shatin Racecourse, NT
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39
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Gibeau TE, Marcus RK. Separation and identification of organic and organometallic compounds by use of a liquid chromatography–particle beam-glow discharge mass spectrometry combination. J Chromatogr A 2001; 915:117-28. [PMID: 11358240 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the particle beam glow discharge mass spectrometry (PB-GDMS) system as a detector for liquid chromatography (LC) is described for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, steroids, selenoamino acids, and alkyllead compounds. A particle beam interface is used to introduce analyte species from the LC into a glow discharge source for subsequent vaporization and ionization. Mass spectra display classic EI fragmentation patterns for the organic compounds, as well as elemental and molecular information for the organometallic compounds. Chromatographic separations display good temporal correlation between UV and PB-GDMS detection modes. Detection limits for Pb in lead nitrate, triethyllead, and triphenyllead fall in the sub-ppb (ng) range.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Gibeau
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratories, Clemson University, SC 29634-0973, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Chace
- Division of Bio-Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Neo Gen Screening, Inc., P.O. Box 219, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania 15017, USA.
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41
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Kato K, Jingu S, Ogawa N, Higuchi S. Determination of pibutidine metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 24:237-49. [PMID: 11130203 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel metabolite-screening procedure for pibutidine. an H2-receptor antagonist, which uses high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), demonstrated the presence of pibutidine and its four metabolites in plasma from volunteers who received a single dose of pibutidine hydrochloride. In order to quantitatively examine the metabolism of pibutidine, an assay based on LC-MS/MS was subsequently developed for the simultaneous determination of its metabolites in human plasma. Target analytes consisted of M-5, M-7 and M-8, which were prominently detected by the screening procedure, and M-9, which has pharmacological activity as an H2-receptor antagonist. Metabolites and their deuterated internal standards were extracted from human plasma using an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge, and chromatographed on a Monitor C18M column. No isotope effects on chromatographic retention time were observed for any deuterated compounds, which were ionized using an electrospray ionization (ESI)- interface and detected by MS/MS in the selected reaction-monitoring (SRM) mode simultaneously with the corresponding metabolites. The assay was validated over the concentration range of 0.1 to 25.6 ng ml(-1) and used to determine the plasma levels of metabolites in volunteers following oral administration of a 20-mg dose of pibutidine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Drug Metabolism Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Omiya, Saitama, Japan.
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42
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Tang C, Kassahun K, McIntosh IS, Brunner J, Rodrigues AD. Simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol and 6beta-hydroxycortisol by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry and its application for estimating hepatic CYP3A induction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 742:303-13. [PMID: 10901135 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS-MS) assay was developed to simultaneously determine monkey urinary free cortisol (C) and 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHC) in 8 min. Urine sample (0.5 ml) containing fludrocortisone acetate (F-C) as the internal standard was extracted with ethyl acetate for 5 min with an extraction efficiency of 90% and 75% for C and 6beta-OHC, respectively. A Perkin-Elmer Sciex API 3000 triple quadruple instrument was used for mass spectrometric detection and the column eluent was directed to a heated nebulizer probe. The assay was linear over the range 0.25-10 microM for each analyte. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) over the entire concentration range for both analytes was less than 10%. Accuracy determined at three concentrations (0.8, 2.0 and 8.0 microM) ranged between 95.5 and 108%. The method described herein is suitable for the rapid and efficient measurement of 6beta-OHC/C ratio in Rhesus monkey urine following administration of known hepatic CYP3A inducers and can be used to estimate potential CYP3A induction by drug candidates in the process of early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA
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Kato K, Jingu S, Ogawa N, Higuchi S. Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of pibutidine in human urine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 740:187-93. [PMID: 10821404 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the rapid quantitative determination of pibutidine, an H2-receptor antagonist, in human urine has been developed and validated over the concentration range 0.1-25.6 microg ml(-1). Urine samples were prepared based on a simple dilution with 0.05% acetic acid, followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation. Pibutidine and its internal standard (2H10-pibutidine) were ionized using an electrospray ionization interface and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction-monitoring mode. Completed validation demonstrated the method to be robust, accurate, precise and specific for the direct quantification of pibutidine in human urine. This method has enabled investigation of the urinary excretion of pibutidine following oral administration of pibutidine hydrochloride to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Drug Metabolism Laboratory, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Omiya, Saitama, Japan.
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Furuta T, Matsuzawa M, Shibasaki H, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of 6beta- and 6alpha-hydroxycortisols and 6beta-hydroxycortisone in human urine by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 738:367-76. [PMID: 10718654 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 6beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF, 6beta,11beta,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-ene- 3,20-dione), 6alpha-hydroxycortisol (6alpha-OHF, 6alpha,11beta,17alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregn-4-ene -3,20-dione) and 6beta-hydroxycortisone (6beta-OHE, 6beta,17alpha,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) in human urine is described. Deuterium-labelled compounds, 6beta-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHF (6beta-OHF-d5), 6alpha-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHF (6alpha-OHF-d5) and 6beta-[1,1,19,19,19-2H5]OHE (6beta-OHE-d5) were used as internal standards. Quantitation was carried out by selected-ion monitoring of the characteristic fragment ions ([M-31]+) of the methoxime-trimethylsilyl (MO-TMS) derivatives of 6beta-OHF, 6alpha-OHF and 6beta-OHE. The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the method were demonstrated to be satisfactory for measuring 6beta-OHF, 6alpha-OHF and 6beta-OHE in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan.
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Krishnaswami S, Möllmann H, Derendorf H, Hochhaus G. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of fluticasone propionate in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 22:123-9. [PMID: 10727131 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective LC-(APCI) MS/MS method capable of quantifying fluticasone propionate (FP) at levels down to 10 pg ml(-1) in human plasma is reported. The method was validated over a linear range from 10 to 1000 pg ml(-1) using a previously published solid-phase extraction procedure with a 13C3-labeled internal standard. The inter and intra batch precision (coefficient of variation) and accuracy (% bias) of the quality controls samples (20, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 pg ml(-1)) were less than 15 and 11%, respectively. The method is robust, rapid (analysis time of 2 min), selective and hence is ideally suited for pharmacokinetic investigations involving inhalation of therapeutic doses of FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Furuta T, Eguchi N, Shibasaki H, Kasuya Y. Simultaneous determination of endogenous and 13C-labelled cortisols and cortisones in human plasma by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 738:119-27. [PMID: 10778933 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a capillary GC-MS method for the simultaneous determination of endogenous cortisol and cortisone and their 13C-labelled analogues, [1,2,4,19-13C4]cortisol (cortisol-13C4) and [1,2,4,19-13C4]cortisone (cortisone-13C4), in human plasma. [1,2,4,19-13C4,1,1,19,19,19-2H5]Cortisol (cortisol-13C4,2H5) and [1,2,4,19-13C4,1,1,19,19,19-2H5]cortisone (cortisone-13C4,2H5) were used as analytical internal standards. A double derivatization (bismethylenedioxy-pentafluoropropionate, BMD-PFP) with good GC behavior was employed for the GC-MS analysis of cortisol and cortisone. Quantitation was carried out by selected-ion monitoring of the molecular ions ([M]+*) of the BMD-PFP derivatives of cortisol and cortisone. The sensitivity limit of the present GC-MS-SIM method was found to be 150 pg per injection for cortisol (s/n=5.0) and 50 pg for cortisone (s/n=8.1). The within-day reproducibility in which the amounts of unlabelled and labelled cortisols and cortisones determined were in good agreement with the actual amounts added, the relative errors being less than 3.07%. The inter-assay coefficients of variation (C.V.) were less than 1.80% for unlabelled and labelled cortisols and cortisones.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Furuta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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47
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Cirimele V, Kintz P, Dumestre V, Goullé JP, Ludes B. Identification of ten corticosteroids in human hair by liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2000; 107:381-8. [PMID: 10689588 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a screening procedure based upon high-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the identification of ten corticosteroids in human hair: triamcinolone, prednisolone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, cortisone, cortisol, beta- and dexamethasone, flumethasone and beclomethasone. Hair strands were washed in methylene chloride, pulverized in a ball mill and 50 mg of the powdered hair were incubated in 1 ml Soerensen buffer, pH 7.6 for 16 h at 40 degrees C, in presence of 50 ng cortisol-d3 used as internal standard. Purification of the incubation medium was achieved on SPE C18 Isolute extraction columns. The eluates were evaporated to dryness and resuspended in 30 microliters MeOH before analysis by HPLC-IS-MS in positive and negative modes of detection. The validation parameters were found satisfactory for a corticosteroid screening procedure. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve ranged from 0.939 to 0.997, showing linearity between 0.1 and 10 ng/mg, excepted for beclomethasone which was between 0.2 and 10 ng/mg. Extraction recovery at 4 ng/mg ranged from 43.2 to 85.7%. Repeatability (CV values) at 4 ng/mg ranged from 6.1 to 17.5%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 ng/mg for a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. The detection of prednisone and beclomethasone in three hair specimens obtained from forensic and clinical cases have documented corticosteroids incorporation into human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cirimele
- Institut de Médecine Légale 11, Strasbourg, France.
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48
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Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Monteau F, Poulain F, André F. Collision-induced dissociation of corticosteroids in electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and development of a screening method by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2000; 14:33-39. [PMID: 10623925 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000115)14:1<33::aid-rcm829>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A screening method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed in order to control the illegal use of corticosteroids as growth promoters in cattle. The objective was the detection of low residue levels of corticosteroids or metabolites in biological matrices. Relative to other studies published on this subject, the present work focused on enhancing specificity and sensitivity. Firstly, fragmentation of corticosteroids by collision-induced dissociation was studied. In positive mode, the losses of H(2)O for each hydroxyl group fixed on the molecule, as well as the loss of HF or HCl for halogenated compounds, were observed. For higher collision energy, fragmentations in the B, C and D rings were induced. The negative mode was found to be more specific, inducing a cleavage of the C(20)-C(21) bond with concomitant loss of formaldehyde (CH(2)O). Secondly, three acquisition methods in the negative mode were studied and evaluated, recorded signals being the parent ion [M + acetate](-) and the two daughter ions, [M - H](-) and [M - H - CH(2)O](-). For dexamethasone, MS/MS instrumental detection limits of fragment ion and neutral loss scans, and of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), were 250, 20 and 5 pg injected, respectively. The MRM method was then evaluated with the objective of use for the detection of corticosteroid residues in biological samples (urine, hair, muscle) and for a metabolism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Antignac
- Laboratoire National de Référence (LDH/LNR), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, BP 50707, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Chapter 15 Doping substances in human and animal sport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(00)80070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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50
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Bourgogne E, Herrou V, Mathurin JC, Becchi M, de Ceaurriz J. Detection of exogenous intake of natural corticosteroids by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: application to misuse in sport. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2000; 14:2343-2347. [PMID: 11114048 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0231(20001230)14:24<2343::aid-rcm171>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A detailed procedure for the analysis of exogenous hydrocortisone and cortisone in urine by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) is proposed. As urinary levels of hydrocortisone are rather low for GC/C/IRMS analysis, the focus is on the main corticosteroid metabolites, tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and tetrahydrocortisol (THF). Following different solid phase extraction purifications, THE and THF are oxidized to 5beta-androstanetrione before analysis by GC/C/IRMS. Significant differences in delta(13)C per thousand values of synthetic natural corticosteroids and endogenous human corticosteroids have been observed. Therefore, a positive criterion, to detect exogenous administration of synthetic corticosteroids in anti-doping control, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bourgogne
- Laboratoire National de Dépistage du Dopage, 143 avenue R. Salengro, 92290 Chatenay Malabry, France
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