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Krishna SS, Sudheesh MS, Viswanad V. Liposomal drug delivery to the lungs: a post covid-19 scenario. J Liposome Res 2023; 33:410-424. [PMID: 37074963 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2199068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
High local delivery of anti-infectives to the lungs is required for activity against infections of the lungs. The present pandemic has highlighted the potential of pulmonary delivery of anti-infective agents as a viable option for infections like Covid-19, which specifically causes lung infections and mortality. To prevent infections of such type and scale in the future, target-specific delivery of drugs to the pulmonary region is a high-priority area in the field of drug delivery. The suboptimal effect of oral delivery of anti-infective drugs to the lungs due to the poor biopharmaceutical property of the drugs makes this delivery route very promising for respiratory infections. Liposomes have been used as an effective delivery system for drugs due to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature, which can be used effectively for target-specific drug delivery to the lungs. In the present review, we focus on the use of liposomal drug delivery of anti-infectives for the acute management of respiratory infections in the wake of Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swathi Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
| | - M S Sudheesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
| | - Vidya Viswanad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS, Kochi, India
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2
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Julia Altube M, Perez N, Lilia Romero E, José Morilla M, Higa L, Paula Perez A. Inhaled lipid nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery of glucocorticoids: previous strategies, recent advances and key factors description. Int J Pharm 2023:123146. [PMID: 37330156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In view of the strong anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids (GC) they are used in the treatment of almost all inflammatory lung diseases. In particular, inhaled GC (IGC) allow high drug concentrations to be deposited in the lung and may reduce the incidence of adverse effects associated with systemic administration. However, rapid absorption through the highly absorbent surface of the lung epithelium may limit the success of localized therapy. Therefore, inhalation of GC incorporated into nanocarriers is a possible approach to overcome this drawback. In particular, lipid nanocarriers, which showed high pulmonary biocompatibility and are well known in the pharmaceutical industry, have the best prospects for pulmonary delivery of GC by inhalation. This review provides an overview of the pre-clinical applications of inhaled GC-lipid nanocarriers based on several key factors that will determine the efficiency of local pulmonary GC delivery: 1) stability to nebulization, 2) deposition profile in the lungs, 3) mucociliary clearance, 4) selective accumulation in target cells, 5) residence time in the lung and systemic absorption and 6) biocompatibility. Finally, novel preclinical pulmonary models for inflammatory lung diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Altube
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia Perez
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Morilla
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Higa
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Leong EWX, Ge R. Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Inhaled Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092179. [PMID: 36140280 PMCID: PMC9496059 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a powerful non-viral carrier for drug delivery. With the prevalence of respiratory diseases, particularly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, investigations into applying LNPs to deliver inhaled therapeutics directly to the lungs are underway. The progress in LNP development as well as the recent pre-clinical studies in three main classes of inhaled encapsulated drugs: small molecules, nucleic acids and proteins/peptides will be discussed. The advantages of the pulmonary drug delivery system such as reducing systemic toxicity and enabling higher local drug concentration in the lungs are evaluated together with the challenges and design considerations for improved formulations. This review provides a perspective on the future prospects of LNP-mediated delivery of inhaled therapeutics for respiratory diseases.
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4
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Elucidating inhaled liposome surface charge on its interaction with biological barriers in the lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:101-111. [PMID: 35149189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposome is the promising nanocarrier for pulmonary drug delivery and surface charge is its basic property. However, there is a lack of knowledge about relationship between the liposomal surface charge and its interaction with biological barriers in the lung. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to elucidate the influence of liposome surface charge on its in vivo fate. Firstly, liposomes with positive, negative and neutral surface charge were constructed and characterized, their compatibility towards pulmonary cells was studied. Then their interaction with different biological barriers in lung, including mucus, trachea, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and alveolar macrophage, were investigated. Their retention behavior in lung and systemic exposure were further explored. It was demonstrated that neutrally and negatively charged liposomes were safer than positively charged ones. In the conducting airway, liposome with positive surface charge could better enhance trachea distribution but only within 2 h. In the respiratory region, both neutrally and negatively charged liposomes presented improved mucus permeability, good stability in BALF containing pulmonary surfactant, decreased macrophage uptake, prolonged lung retention and decreased systemic exposure to other organs, with neutrally charged liposome showing superior performance than the negatively charged ones. While the positively charged liposome was not stable in lung microenvironment with aggregation observed, leading to increased alveolar macrophage uptake, thereby lower pulmonary retention and higher risk of systemic exposure. In conclusion, liposomal surface charge is a tunable formulation factor to modulate the interaction with biological barriers in the lung and thus in vivo fate of inhaled liposomes.
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Wang X, Xie Z, Zhao J, Zhu Z, Yang C, Liu Y. Prospects of Inhaled Phage Therapy for Combatting Pulmonary Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:758392. [PMID: 34938668 PMCID: PMC8685529 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.758392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With respiratory infections accounting for significant morbidity and mortality, the issue of antibiotic resistance has added to the gravity of the situation. Treatment of pulmonary infections (bacterial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis-associated bacterial infections, tuberculosis) is more challenging with the involvement of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains, which act as etiological agents. Furthermore, with the dearth of new antibiotics available and old antibiotics losing efficacy, it is prudent to switch to non-antibiotic approaches to fight this battle. Phage therapy represents one such approach that has proven effective against a range of bacterial pathogens including drug resistant strains. Inhaled phage therapy encompasses the use of stable phage preparations given via aerosol delivery. This therapy can be used as an adjunct treatment option in both prophylactic and therapeutic modes. In the present review, we first highlight the role and action of phages against pulmonary pathogens, followed by delineating the different methods of delivery of inhaled phage therapy with evidence of success. The review aims to focus on recent advances and developments in improving the final success and outcome of pulmonary phage therapy. It details the use of electrospray for targeted delivery, advances in nebulization techniques, individualized controlled inhalation with software control, and liposome-encapsulated nebulized phages to take pulmonary phage delivery to the next level. The review expands knowledge on the pulmonary delivery of phages and the advances that have been made for improved outcomes in the treatment of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Zuozhou Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhong Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
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Zillen D, Beugeling M, Hinrichs WL, Frijlink HW, Grasmeijer F. Natural and bioinspired excipients for dry powder inhalation formulations. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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de Jesús Valle MJ, Alves A, Coutinho P, Prata Ribeiro M, Maderuelo C, Sánchez Navarro A. Lyoprotective Effects of Mannitol and Lactose Compared to Sucrose and Trehalose: Sildenafil Citrate Liposomes as a Case Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081164. [PMID: 34452127 PMCID: PMC8400243 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lyoprotective effects of mannitol and lactose have been evaluated in the production of sildenafil citrate liposomes. Liposomes were prepared by mixing the components under ultrasonic agitation, followed by a transmembrane pH gradient for remote drug loading. Mannitol and lactose, as compared to sucrose and trehalose, were used as the stabilizing agents, and different freeze-drying cycles were assayed. The remaining moisture and the thermal characteristics of the lyophilized samples were analyzed. Size, entrapment efficiency, biocompatibility, and cell internalization of original and rehydrated liposomes were compared. The type of additive did not affect the biocompatibility or cell internalization, but did influence other liposome attributes, including the thermal characteristics and the remaining moisture of the lyophilized samples. A cut-off of 5% (w/w) remaining moisture was an indicator of primary drying completion-information useful for scaling up and transfer from laboratory to large-scale production. Lactose increased the glass transition temperature to over 70 °C, producing lyoprotective effects similar to those obtained with sucrose. Based on these results, formulations containing liposomes lyophilized with lactose meet the FDA's requirements and can be used as a biocompatible and biodegradable vehicle for the pulmonary delivery of therapeutic doses of sildenafil citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José de Jesús Valle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.d.J.V.); (C.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of the University of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andreía Alves
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.C.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.C.); (M.P.R.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Maximiano Prata Ribeiro
- CPIRN-IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (A.A.); (P.C.); (M.P.R.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Cristina Maderuelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.d.J.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Amparo Sánchez Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.d.J.V.); (C.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of the University of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677584152
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8
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Xu H, Ji H, Li Z, Qiao W, Wang C, Tang J. In vivo Pharmacokinetics and in vitro Release of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Liposomes for Pulmonary Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1221-1229. [PMID: 33628019 PMCID: PMC7898055 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s294626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and causes occlusion of pulmonary arterioles that eventually results in right heart failure and death. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a prominent role in abnormal remodeling of pulmonary resistance vessels. Imatinib mesylate (IM), a PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was able to ameliorate PAH by reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling. METHODS In the present study, IM-loaded liposomes (IM-LPs) were developed and administered via the pulmonary route to delay the drug release and improve patient compliance for the treatment of PAH. The IM-LPs were prepared by the transmembrane gradient method with the spherical vesicles. The compatibility of the IM-LPs was studied by determining the viability of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Particle uptake by rat PASMCs was evaluated by incubating the particles with rat PASMCs. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in male SD rats. RESULTS The IM-LPs showed an average size of 101.6 ± 50.80 nm with a zeta potential value of 19.66 ± 0.55 mV, a PDI of 0.250 and 81.96% ± 0.98% drug entrapment efficiency, meanwhile displayed a sustained release profile. Liposomes obviously increased intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine B by PASMCs using the fluorescence microscopic. Following intratracheal administration to rats, IM-LPs not only extended the half-life of IM, but also prolonged retention of IM compared with plain IM solution after intratracheal and intravenous administration. CONCLUSION The study show potential applications of the LPs for pulmonary delivery of IM and the method for the development of LPs in sustained release of IM for better therapeutic outcomes. Conclusively, the prepared IM-LPs were well designed in nanosized ranges and may be a promising formulation for pulmonary delivery of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zerong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group-Shenzhen Luohu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingling Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Zhao M, Jing Z, Zhou L, Zhao H, Du Q, Sun Z. Pharmacokinetic Research Progress of Anti-tumor Drugs Targeting for Pulmonary Administration. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1117-1126. [PMID: 33183196 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999201111193910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major problem that threatens human survival and has a high mortality rate. The traditional chemotherapy methods are mainly intravenous injection and oral administration, but have obvious toxic and side effects. Anti-tumor drugs for pulmonary administration can enhance drug targeting, increase local drug concentration, and reduce the damage to systemic organs, especially for the treatment of lung cancer. METHODS The articles on the pharmacokinetics of anti-tumor drugs targeting pulmonary administration were retrieved from the Pub Med database. This article mainly took lung cancer as an example and summarized the pharmacokinetic characteristics of anti-tumor drugs targeting for pulmonary administration contained in nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes and micelles. RESULTS The review shows that the pharmacokinetics process of pulmonary administration is associated with a drug carrier by increasing the deposition and release of drugs in the lung, and retarding the lung clearance rate. Among them, the surface of dendrimers could be readily modified, and polymer micelles have favorable loading efficiency. In the case of inhalation administration, liposomes exhibit more excellent lung retention properties compared to other non-lipid carriers. Therefore, the appropriate drug carrier is instrumental to increase the curative effect of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the toxic effect on surrounding healthy tissues or organs. CONCLUSION In the process of pulmonary administration, the carrier-embedded antitumor drugs have the characteristics of targeted and sustained release compared with non-packaging drugs, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical rational formulation of chemotherapy regimens. However, there is currently a lack of comparative research between drug packaging materials, and more importantly, the development of safe and effective anti-tumor drugs targeting for pulmonary administration requires more data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziwei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan,, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan,, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuzheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan,, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan,, China
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10
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Shen AM, Minko T. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled nanotherapeutics for pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2020; 326:222-244. [PMID: 32681948 PMCID: PMC7501141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of lipid-based nanotherapeutics by inhalation presents an advantageous alternative to oral and intravenous routes of administration that avoids enzymatic degradation in gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first pass metabolism and also limits off-target adverse side effects upon heathy tissues. For lung-related indications, inhalation provides localized delivery in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy at the site of action. Optimization of physicochemical properties, selected drug and inhalation format can greatly influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of inhaled nanoparticle systems and their payloads. The present review analyzes a wide range of nanoparticle systems, their formulations and consequent effect on pharmacokinetic distribution of delivered active components after inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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11
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Khan I, Yousaf S, Najlah M, Ahmed W, Elhissi A. Proliposome powder or tablets for generating inhalable liposomes using a medical nebulizer. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and compare proliposome powder and proliposome tablet formulations for drug delivery from a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer.
Methods
Proliposome powders were prepared by the slurry method and sorbitol or mannitol carbohydrate carrier were used in a 1:10 and 1:15 w/w lipid phase to carrier ratio. Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP; 2 mol%) was incorporated in the lipid phase. Proliposome powders were compressed into tablets, and liposomes were generated from proliposome powders or tablets within the nebulizer reservoir for subsequent aerosolization.
Results
Comparatively, shorter sputtering times were reported for the tablet formulations (≈ < 2.7±0.45 min), indicating uniform aerosolization. Post-nebulization, liposomes size was larger in the nebulizer reservoir in the range of 7.79±0.48 µm–9.73±1.53 µm for both powder and tablet formulations as compared to freshly prepared liposomes (5.38±0.73 µm–5.85±0.86 µm), suggesting liposome aggregation/fusion in the nebulizer’s reservoir. All formulations exhibited more than 80% mass output regardless of formulation type, but greater BDP proportions (circa 50%) were delivered to the Two-stage Impinger when tablet formulations were used. Moreover, the nebulized droplet median size and size distribution were lower for all tablet formulations in comparison to the powder formulations. Proliposome tablet and powdered formulations demonstrated the ability to generate vesicles that sustained the release of BDP.
Conclusion
Overall, this study showed that proliposome tablets could be disintegrated within a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer to generate inhalable aerosol, with high drug output and hence can be manufactured on large scale to overcome the storage problems associated with powder formulations.
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12
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Haque S, Feeney O, Meeusen E, Boyd BJ, McIntosh MP, Pouton CW, Whittaker M, Kaminskas LM. Local inflammation alters the lung disposition of a drug loaded pegylated liposome after pulmonary dosing to rats. J Control Release 2019; 307:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Honmane S, Hajare A, More H, Osmani RAM, Salunkhe S. Lung delivery of nanoliposomal salbutamol sulfate dry powder inhalation for facilitated asthma therapy. J Liposome Res 2019; 29:332-342. [PMID: 30296863 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1531022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The motive behind present work was to discover a solution for overcoming the problems allied with a deprived oral bioavailability of salbutamol sulfate (SS) due to its first pass hepatic metabolism, shorter half-life, and systemic toxicity at high doses. Pulmonary delivery provides an alternative route of administration to avoid hepatic metabolism of SS, moreover facilitated diffusion and prolonged retention can be achieved by incorporation into liposomes. Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique using 32 full factorial design and formulation was optimized based on the vesicle size and percent drug entrapment (PDE) of liposomes. Optimized liposomal formulation exhibited an average size of about 167.2 ± 0.170 nm, with 80.68 ± 0.74% drug entrapment, and 9.74 ± 1.10 mV zeta potential. The liposomal dispersion was then spray dried and further characterized for in-vitro aerosol performance using Andersen Cascade Impactor. Optimized liposomal formulation revealed prolonged in-vitro drug release of more than 90% up to 14 h following Higuchi's controlled release model. Thus, the proposed new-fangled liposomal formulation would be a propitious alternative to conventional therapy for efficient and methodical treatment of asthma and alike respiratory ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Honmane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Shivaji University , Kolhapur , India.,Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Shivaji University , Kolhapur , India
| | - Ashok Hajare
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Shivaji University , Kolhapur , India
| | - Harinath More
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Shivaji University , Kolhapur , India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Sachin Salunkhe
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Shivaji University , Kolhapur , India
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14
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Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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15
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Dua K, Malyla V, Singhvi G, Wadhwa R, Krishna RV, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, Chellappan DK, Maurya PK, Satija S, Mehta M, Gulati M, Hansbro N, Collet T, Awasthi R, Gupta G, Hsu A, Hansbro PM. Increasing complexity and interactions of oxidative stress in chronic respiratory diseases: An emerging need for novel drug delivery systems. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:168-178. [PMID: 30553721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is intensely involved in enhancing the severity of various chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections and lung cancer. Even though there are various existing anti-inflammatory therapies, which are not enough to control the inflammation caused due to various contributing factors such as anti-inflammatory genes and antioxidant enzymes. This leads to an urgent need of novel drug delivery systems to combat the oxidative stress. This review gives a brief insight into the biological factors involved in causing oxidative stress, one of the emerging hallmark feature in CRDs and particularly, highlighting recent trends in various novel drug delivery carriers including microparticles, microemulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanocarriers etc which can help in combating the oxidative stress in CRDs and ultimately reducing the disease burden and improving the quality of life with CRDs patients. These carriers improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to the target site. However, there is an urgent need for translational studies to validate the drug delivery carriers for clinical administration in the pulmonary clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Vamshikrishna Malyla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rapalli Vamshi Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, India
| | - Shakti Dhar Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh District, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144441, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144441, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144441, India
| | - Nicole Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Trudi Collet
- Indigenous Medicines Group, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sec. 125, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Alan Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
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16
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Huang L, Wang X, Cao H, Li L, Chow DHK, Tian L, Wu H, Zhang J, Wang N, Zheng L, Yao X, Yang Z, Qin L. A bone-targeting delivery system carrying osteogenic phytomolecule icaritin prevents osteoporosis in mice. Biomaterials 2018; 182:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Sildenafil Citrate Liposomes for Pulmonary Delivery by Ultrasonic Nebulization. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in lipid vesicles facilitate optimization of their properties to achieve therapeutic goals and promote alternative drug administration routes. Sildenafil citrate (SC) is orally administered for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, but local release would be advantageous in terms of efficacy and safety. In the present study, liposomes from egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol loaded with SC, with and without d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (Vit E TPGS), were prepared by sonication of the components. A transmembrane pH gradient was applied for active loading of liposomes, and the size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were determined. The liposomes were lyophilized and then nebulized. The nebulized samples were collected and the EE% was determined. The transmembrane pH gradient produced a significant increase in the EE% (from 17.68 ± 4.25% to 89.77 ± 7.64%) and, after lyophilization, the EE% remained the same as that of the originals, but the size and zeta potential were modified. EE% of liposomes decreased upon nebulization, particularly for those with Vit E TPGS. Thus, the additives used for lyoprotection reduced the impact of nebulization. Additional studies are essential, but according to these results, SC-loaded liposomes can be considered as suitable and safe carriers for the local release of sildenafil in the pulmonary system.
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18
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Omer HK, Hussein NR, Ferraz A, Najlah M, Ahmed W, Taylor KMG, Elhissi AMA. Spray-Dried Proliposome Microparticles for High-Performance Aerosol Delivery Using a Monodose Powder Inhaler. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2434-2448. [PMID: 29872976 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliposome formulations containing salbutamol sulphate (SS) were developed using spray drying, and the effects of carrier type (lactose monohydrate (LMH) or mannitol) and lipid to carrier ratio were evaluated. The lipid phase comprised soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol (1:1), and the ratios of lipid to carrier were 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 or 1:10 w/w. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) revealed an interaction between the components of the proliposome particles, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that mannitol-based proliposomes were uniformly sized and spherical, whilst LMH-based proliposomes were irregular and relatively large. Using a two-stage impinger (TSI), fine particle fraction (FPF) values of the proliposomes were higher for mannitol-based formulations, reaching 52.6%, which was attributed to the better flow properties when mannitol was used as carrier. Following hydration of proliposomes, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that vesicles generated from mannitol-based formulations were oligolamellar, whilst LMH-based proliposomes generated 'worm-like' structures and vesicle clusters. Vesicle size decreased upon increasing carrier to lipid ratio, and the zeta potential values were negative. Drug entrapment efficiency (EE) was higher for liposomes generated from LMH-based proliposomes, reaching 37.76% when 1:2 lipid to carrier ratio was used. The in vitro drug release profile was similar for both carriers when 1:6 lipid to carrier ratio was used. This study showed that spray drying can produce inhalable proliposome microparticles that can generate liposomes upon contact with an aqueous phase, and the FPF of proliposomes and the EE offered by liposomes were formulation-dependent.
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Haque S, Whittaker M, McIntosh MP, Pouton CW, Phipps S, Kaminskas LM. A comparison of the lung clearance kinetics of solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes by following the 3H-labelled structural lipids after pulmonary delivery in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 125:1-12. [PMID: 29309835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The utility of biodegradable nanosized drug carriers for the local and controlled delivery of therapeutics to the lungs has prompted significant interest in the development of inhalable nanomedicines. Still, little is known about how these systems are cleared from the lungs, including the kinetics of the structural lipids. Most preclinical and clinical studies to date have evaluated the lung clearance of loaded drugs, which in many cases poorly reflects the kinetics of the nanocarrier, or the bulk-labelled particles. This study therefore aimed to describe and compare the pulmonary pharmacokinetic behaviour and patterns of lung clearance of two commonly explored inhalable nanocarriers (anionic ∼150 nm liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs]) in rats by following the 3H-labelled structural lipids (phosphatidylcholine and tristearin respectively). The data showed that SLNs and liposomes were cleared from the lungs at similar rates, despite SLNs being deposited after intratracheal instillation in the upper respiratory track, and primarily via the mucociliary escalator, but this process was more pronounced for SLNs. Structural lipids were mainly associated with plasma proteins rather than nanocarrier in plasma. The lipids also exhibit prolonged lung exposure and are associated with the lung tissue (rather than BALF) over 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabul Haque
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle P McIntosh
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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20
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Khan I, Yousaf S, Subramanian S, Alhnan MA, Ahmed W, Elhissi A. Proliposome Powders for the Generation of Liposomes: the Influence of Carbohydrate Carrier and Separation Conditions on Crystallinity and Entrapment of a Model Antiasthma Steroid. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:262-274. [PMID: 28698930 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation effects on the entrapment of beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) in liposomes generated by hydration of proliposomes were studied, using the high-density dispersion medium deuterium oxide in comparison to deionized water (DW). Proliposomes incorporating BDP (2 mol% of the lipid phase consisting of soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol; 1:1) were manufactured, using lactose monohydrate (LMH), sorbitol or D-mannitol as carbohydrate carriers (1:5 w/w lipid to carrier). Following hydration of proliposomes, separation of BDP-entrapped liposomes from the unentrapped (free) BDP at an optimized centrifugation duration of 90 min and a centrifugation force of 15,500g were identified. The dispersion medium was found to have a major influence on separation of BDP-entrapped liposomes from the unentrapped drug. Entrapment efficiency values were higher than 95% as estimated when DW was used. By contrast, the entrapment efficiency was 19.69 ± 5.88, 28.78 ± 4.69 and 34.84 ± 3.62% upon using D2O as a dispersion medium (for LMH-, sorbitol- and D-mannitol-based proliposomes, respectively). The similarity in size of liposomes and BDP crystals was found to be responsible for co-sedimentation of liposomes and free BDP crystals upon centrifugation in DW, giving rise to the falsely high entrapment values estimated. This was remedied by the use of D2O as confirmed by light microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and entrapment studies. This study showed that carrier type has a significant influence on the entrapment of BDP in liposomes generated from proliposomes, and using D2O is essential for accurate determination of steroid entrapment in the vesicles.
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21
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Yuba E, Sakaguchi N, Kanda Y, Miyazaki M, Koiwai K. pH-Responsive Micelle-Based Cytoplasmic Delivery System for Induction of Cellular Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040041. [PMID: 29113042 PMCID: PMC5748608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cytoplasmic delivery of antigens is crucial for the induction of cellular immunity, which is an important immune response for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. To date, fusogenic protein-incorporated liposomes and pH-responsive polymer-modified liposomes have been used to achieve cytoplasmic delivery of antigen via membrane rupture or fusion with endosomes. However, a more versatile cytoplasmic delivery system is desired for practical use. For this study, we developed pH-responsive micelles composed of dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and deoxycholic acid and investigated their cytoplasmic delivery performance and immunity-inducing capability. (2) Methods: Interaction of micelles with fluorescence dye-loaded liposomes, intracellular distribution of micelles, and antigenic proteins were observed. Finally, antigen-specific cellular immune response was evaluated in vivo using ELIspot assay. (3) Results: Micelles induced leakage of contents from liposomes via lipid mixing at low pH. Micelles were taken up by dendritic cells mainly via macropinocytosis and delivered ovalbumin (OVA) into the cytosol. After intradermal injection of micelles and OVA, OVA-specific cellular immunity was induced in the spleen. (4) Conclusions: pH-responsive micelles composed of DLPC and deoxycholic acid are promising as enhancers of cytosol delivery of antigens and the induction capability of cellular immunity for the treatment of cancer immunotherapy and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
| | | | - Yuhei Kanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
| | - Maiko Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
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22
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Choudhary S, Gupta L, Rani S, Dave K, Gupta U. Impact of Dendrimers on Solubility of Hydrophobic Drug Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:261. [PMID: 28559844 PMCID: PMC5432624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate aqueous solubility has been one of the desired properties while selecting drug molecules and other bio-actives for product development. Often solubility of a drug determines its pharmaceutical and therapeutic performance. Majority of newly synthesized drug molecules fail or are rejected during the early phases of drug discovery and development due to their limited solubility. Sufficient permeability, aqueous solubility and physicochemical stability of the drug are important for achieving adequate bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. A number of different approaches including co-solvency, micellar solubilization, micronization, pH adjustment, chemical modification, and solid dispersion have been explored toward improving the solubility of various poorly aqueous-soluble drugs. Dendrimers, a new class of polymers, possess great potential for drug solubility improvement, by virtue of their unique properties. These hyper-branched, mono-dispersed molecules have the distinct ability to bind the drug molecules on periphery as well as to encapsulate these molecules within the dendritic structure. There are numerous reported studies which have successfully used dendrimers to enhance the solubilization of poorly soluble drugs. These promising outcomes have encouraged the researchers to design, synthesize, and evaluate various dendritic polymers for their use in drug delivery and product development. This review will discuss the aspects and role of dendrimers in the solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. The review will also highlight the important and relevant properties of dendrimers which contribute toward drug solubilization. Finally, hydrophobic drugs which have been explored for dendrimer assisted solubilization, and the current marketing status of dendrimers will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of RajasthanKishangarh, India
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23
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A simple approach to predict the stability of phospholipid vesicles to nebulization without performing aerosolization studies. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Rudokas M, Najlah M, Alhnan MA, Elhissi A. Liposome Delivery Systems for Inhalation: A Critical Review Highlighting Formulation Issues and Anticancer Applications. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25 Suppl 2:60-72. [PMID: 26938856 PMCID: PMC5588529 DOI: 10.1159/000445116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a critical review on research conducted in the field of pulmonary delivery of liposomes. Issues relating to the mechanism of nebulisation and liposome composition were appraised and correlated with literature reports of liposome formulations used in clinical trials to understand the role of liposome size and composition on therapeutic outcome. A major highlight was liposome inhalation for the treatment of lung cancers. Many in vivo studies that explored the potential of liposomes as anticancer carrier systems were evaluated, including animal studies and clinical trials. Liposomes can entrap anticancer drugs and localise their action in the lung following pulmonary delivery. The safety of inhaled liposomes incorporating anticancer drugs depends on the anticancer agent used and the amount of drug delivered to the target cancer in the lung. The difficulty of efficient targeting of liposomal anticancer aerosols to the cancerous tissues within the lung may result in low doses reaching the target site. Overall, following the success of liposomes as inhalable carriers in the treatment of lung infections, it is expected that more focus from research and development will be given to designing inhalable liposome carriers for the treatment of other lung diseases, including pulmonary cancers. The successful development of anticancer liposomes for inhalation may depend on the future development of effective aerosolisation devices and better targeted liposomes to maximise the benefit of therapy and reduce the potential for local and systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Rudokas
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston
| | - Mohammad Najlah
- Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Mohamed Albed Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Dr. Abdelbary Elhissi, Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha (Qatar), E-Mail
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25
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Khan I, Yousaf S, Subramanian S, Korale O, Alhnan MA, Ahmed W, Taylor KMG, Elhissi A. Proliposome powders prepared using a slurry method for the generation of beclometasone dipropionate liposomes. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:342-50. [PMID: 26456265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel "slurry method" was described for the preparation of proliposome powders using soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) with cholesterol (1:1) and for incorporation of beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) at 2mole% of the total lipid phase. Proliposomes made with a range of lipid to sucrose carrier ratios were studied in terms of surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Following hydration of proliposomes, the resultant vesicles were compared to liposomes made using the traditional proliposome method, in terms of vesicle size and drug entrapment efficiency. SEM showed that sucrose was uniformly coated with lipid regardless of lipid to carrier ratio. Liposomes generated using the slurry proliposome method tended to have smaller median size than those generated with the conventional proliposome method, being in the range of 4.72-5.20μm and 5.89-7.72μm respectively. Following centrifugation of liposomes using deuterium oxide (D2O) as dispersion medium, vesicles entrapping BDP were separated as a floating creamy layer, whilst the free drug was sedimented as crystals. Drug entrapment was dependent on formulation composition and preparation method. When 1:15 w/w lipid to carrier was used, liposomes generated using the slurry method had an entrapment efficiency of 47.05% compared to 18.67% for those generated using the conventional proliposome method. By contrast, liposomes made by the thin-film hydration method had an entrapment efficiency of 25.66%. DSC studies using 50mole% BDP demonstrated that the drug was amorphous in the proliposome formulation and tended to crystallize on hydration, resulting in low drug entrapment. In conclusion, a novel approach to the preparation of proliposomes using a slurry method has been introduced, offering higher entrapment for BDP than liposomes made using the conventional proliposome method and those prepared by thin-film hydration technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Khan
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sakib Yousaf
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sneha Subramanian
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Oshadie Korale
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Albed Alhnan
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M G Taylor
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Ali ME, McConville JT, Lamprecht A. Pulmonary delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:929-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.993968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Pham DD, Fattal E, Tsapis N. Pulmonary drug delivery systems for tuberculosis treatment. Int J Pharm 2014; 478:517-29. [PMID: 25499020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem as it is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Conventional treatments fail either because of poor patient compliance to the drug regimen or due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this review is to give an update on the information available on tuberculosis, its pathogenesis and current antitubercular chemotherapies. Direct lung delivery of anti-TB drugs using pulmonary delivery systems is then reviewed since it appears as an interesting strategy to improve first and second line drugs. A particular focus is place on research performed on inhalable dry powder formulations of antitubercular drugs to target alveolar macrophages where the bacteria develop. Numerous studies show that anti-TB drugs can be incorporated into liposomes, microparticles or nanoparticles which can be delivered as dry powders to the deep lungs for instantaneous, targeted and/or controlled release. Treatments of infected animals show a significant reduction of the number of viable bacteria as well as a decrease in tissue damage. These new formulations appear as interesting alternatives to deliver directly drugs to the lungs and favor efficient TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Duy Pham
- Univ Paris-Sud Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France; University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department, 41-43 Dinh Tien Hoang, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Ton Duc Thang University, Faculty of Applied Science, Division of Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Elias Fattal
- Univ Paris-Sud Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Univ Paris-Sud Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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28
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Cipolla D, Shekunov B, Blanchard J, Hickey A. Lipid-based carriers for pulmonary products: preclinical development and case studies in humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:53-80. [PMID: 24819218 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A number of lipid-based technologies have been applied to pharmaceuticals to modify their drug release characteristics, and additionally, to improve the drug loading for poorly soluble drugs. These technologies, including solid-state lipid microparticles, many of which are porous in nature, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, are increasingly being developed for inhalation applications. This article provides a review of the rationale for the use of these technologies in the pulmonary delivery of drugs, and summarizes the manufacturing processes and their limitations, the in vitro and in vivo performance of these systems, the safety of these lipid-based systems in the lung, and their promise for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cipolla
- Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Boris Shekunov
- Shire Corporation, 725 Chesterbrook Blvd, Wayne, PA 19087, USA
| | - Jim Blanchard
- Aradigm Corporation, 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Anthony Hickey
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Jain PP, Leber R, Nagaraj C, Leitinger G, Lehofer B, Olschewski H, Olschewski A, Prassl R, Marsh LM. Liposomal nanoparticles encapsulating iloprost exhibit enhanced vasodilation in pulmonary arteries. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3249-61. [PMID: 25045260 PMCID: PMC4094575 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s63190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin analogues are standard therapeutic options for vasoconstrictive diseases, including pulmonary hypertension and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Although effective, these treatment strategies are expensive and have several side effects. To improve drug efficiency, we tested liposomal nanoparticles as carrier systems. In this study, we synthesized liposomal nanoparticles tailored for the prostacyclin analogue iloprost and evaluated their pharmacologic efficacy on mouse intrapulmonary arteries, using a wire myograph. The use of cationic lipids, stearylamine, or 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) in liposomes promoted iloprost encapsulation to at least 50%. The addition of cholesterol modestly reduced iloprost encapsulation. The liposomal nanoparticle formulations were tested for toxicity and pharmacologic efficacy in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. The liposomes did not affect the viability of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Compared with an equivalent concentration of free iloprost, four out of the six polymer-coated liposomal formulations exhibited significantly enhanced vasodilation of mouse pulmonary arteries. Iloprost that was encapsulated in liposomes containing the polymer polyethylene glycol exhibited concentration-dependent relaxation of arteries. Strikingly, half the concentration of iloprost in liposomes elicited similar pharmacologic efficacy as nonencapsulated iloprost. Cationic liposomes can encapsulate iloprost with high efficacy and can serve as potential iloprost carriers to improve its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh P Jain
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Leber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Biophysics Division, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lehofer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wauthoz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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Nasr M, Najlah M, D'Emanuele A, Elhissi A. PAMAM dendrimers as aerosol drug nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery via nebulization. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:242-50. [PMID: 24275446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were evaluated as nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery of the model poorly soluble anti-asthma drug beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) using G3, G4 and G4(12) dendrimers. BDP-loaded dendrimers were characterized for drug solubility, in vitro drug release and aerosolization properties using three nebulizers: Pari LC Sprint (air-jet), Aeroneb Pro (actively vibrating-mesh) and Omron MicroAir (passively vibrating-mesh) nebulizers. Solubilization of BDP using dendrimers was increased by increasing the dendrimer generation and by using higher pH media. In vitro release studies showed that BDP when complexed with dendrimers exhibited a sustained release, and for all dendrimer formulations less than 35% of the drug was released after 8h. Nebulization studies revealed that aerosol performance was dependent on nebulizer rather than dendrimer generation. Nebulization output values for the Pari (air-jet) and Aeroneb Pro (active mesh) nebulizers were in the range of 90-92% and 85-89% respectively compared to 57-63% for the Omron (passive mesh) nebulizer. The size of the droplets generated from the jet nebulizer was slightly smaller and aerosol polydispersity was lower compared to both mesh devices. The "fine particle fraction (FPF)" of the aerosols was in the following order: Pari (air-jet)>Aeroneb Pro (active mesh)>Omron (passive mesh). This study demonstrates that BDP-dendrimers have potential for pulmonary inhalation using air-jet and vibrating-mesh nebulizers. Moreover, the aerosol characteristics are influenced by nebulizer design rather than dendrimer generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt; Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
No marketed inhaled products currently use sustained release formulations such as liposomes to enhance drug disposition in the lung, but that may soon change. This review focuses on the interaction between liposomal formulations and the inhalation technology used to deliver them as aerosols. There have been a number of dated reviews evaluating nebulization of liposomes. While the information they shared is still accurate, this paper incorporates data from more recent publications to review the factors that affect aerosol performance. Recent reviews have comprehensively covered the development of dry powder liposomes for aerosolization and only the key aspects of those technologies will be summarized. There are now at least two inhaled liposomal products in late-stage clinical development: ARIKACE® (Insmed, NJ, USA), a liposomal amikacin, and Pulmaquin™ (Aradigm Corp., CA, USA), a liposomal ciprofloxacin, both of which treat a variety of patient populations with lung infections. This review also highlights the safety of inhaled liposomes and summarizes the clinical experience with liposomal formulations for pulmonary application.
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Lee JH, Cheng KT, Malinin V, Li Z, Yao Z, Lee SJ, Gould CM, Olivier KN, Chen C, Perkins WR, Paik CH. (99m)Tc-labeled therapeutic inhaled amikacin loaded liposomes. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:336-42. [PMID: 23879241 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.819889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The radiolabeling of the liposome surface can be a useful tool for in vivo tracking of therapeutic drug loaded liposomes. We investigated radiolabeling therapeutic drug (i.e. an antibiotic, amikacin) loaded liposomes with (99m)Tc, nebulization properties of (99m)Tc-labeled liposomal amikacin for inhalation ((99m)Tc-LAI), and its stability by size exclusion low-pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC). LAI was reacted with (99m)Tc using SnCl2 dissolved in ascorbic acid as a reducing agent for 10 min at room temperature. The labeled products were then purified by anion exchange resin. The purified (99m)Tc-LAI in 1.5% NaCl solution was incubated at 4 °C to assess its stability by LPLC. The purified (99m)Tc-LAI was subjected to studies with a clinically used nebulizer (PARI eFlow®) and the Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI). The use of ascorbic acid at 0.91 mM resulted in a quantitative labeling efficiency. The LPLC profile showed that the liposomal peak of LAI detected by a UV monitor at both 200 nm and 254 nm overlapped with the radioactivity peak of (99m)Tc-LAI, indicating that (99m)Tc-LAI is suitable for tracing LAI. The ACI study demonstrated that the aerosol droplet size distribution determined gravimetrically was similar to that determined by radioactivity. The liposome surface labeling method using SnCl₂ in 0.91 mM ascorbic acid produced (99m)Tc-LAI with a high labeling efficiency and stability that are adequate to evaluate the deposition and clearance of inhaled LAI in the lung by gamma scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda , MD 20892 , USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles are increasingly being incorporated into the design of diagnostic imaging agents. Significant research efforts have been conducted with one class of lipid nanoparticle (liposomes) radiolabeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceuticals for scintigraphic imaging of cancer, inflammation/infection and sentinel lymph node detection. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the current literature with special emphasis on the clinical studies performed with liposome radiopharmaceuticals for detection of tumors, infectious/inflammatory sites or metastatic lymph nodes. Future uses of liposome radiopharmaceuticals are also described. METHODS Characteristics required of the radionuclide, liposome formulation and radiolabeling method for an effective radiopharmaceutical are discussed. A description of the procedures and instrumentation for conducting an imaging study with liposome radiopharmaceutical is included. Clinical studies using liposome radiopharmaceuticals are summarized. Future imaging applications of first- and second-generation radiolabeled liposomes for chemodosimetry and the specific targeting of a disease process are also described. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The choice of radionuclide, liposome formulation and radiolabeling method must be carefully considered during the design of a liposome radiopharmaceutical for a given application. After-loading and surface chelation methods are the most efficient and practical. Clinical studies with liposome radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated that a wide variety of tumors could be detected with good sensitivity and specificity. Liposome radiopharmaceuticals could also clearly detect various soft tissue and bone inflammatory/infectious lesions, and performed equal to or better than infection imaging agents that are approved at present. Yet, despite these favorable results, no liposome radiopharmaceutical has been approved for any indication. Some of the reasons for this can be attributed to reports of an unexpected infusion-related adverse reaction in two studies, the requirement of more complex liposome manufacturing procedures, and the adoption of other competing imaging procedures. Continued research of liposome radiopharmaceutical design based on a better understanding of liposome biology, improved radiolabeling methodologies and advances in gamma camera technology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Goins
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX Department of Radiology, Mail Code 7800, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA +1 210 567 5575 ; +1 210 567 5549 ;
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Chattopadhyay S. Aerosol generation using nanometer liposome suspensions for pulmonary drug delivery applications. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:255-67. [PMID: 23738780 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.802332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary lung targeting finds applications in drug delivery to the lung itself and to other body organs, via blood circulation following transfer across alveolar membranes. Understanding pulmonary drug delivery systems towards improving their efficacy needs identification of particle sizes of relevance and elucidation of links between suspension properties, techniques of atomisation and properties of the generated aerosols. This review article is focussed on understanding the elements of pulmonary drug delivery, specifically related to suspensions of small liposomes. Specific objectives of this review include (a) understanding aerosol particle deposition and absorption on pulmonary surface, (b) links between properties of aerosol generation and colloidal drug carriers used for drug encapsulation, and (c) investigation on the controlled properties of liposome aerosols generated using different atomisation techniques for efficacious aerosol therapy.
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Alipour M, Buonocore C, Omri A, Szabo M, Pucaj K, Suntres ZE. Therapeutic effect of liposomal-N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Drug Target 2013; 21:466-73. [PMID: 23600745 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.765443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic analgesic drug that when taken in overdose causes depletion of glutathione (GSH) and hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote of choice for the treatment of APAP toxicity; however, due to its short-half-life repeated dosing of NAC is required. PURPOSE To determine whether a NAC-loaded liposomal formulation (Lipo-NAC) is more effective than the conventional NAC in protecting against acute APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with an intragastric dose of APAP (850 mg/kg b.wt.); 4 h later, animals were administered saline, NAC, Lipo-NAC or empty liposomes and sacrificed 24 h post-APAP treatment. RESULTS APAP administration resulted in hepatic injury as evidenced by increases in plasma bilirubin, alanine (AST) and aspartate (ALT) aminotransferase levels and tissue levels of lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase as well as decreases in hepatic levels of reduced GSH, GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase. Treatment of animals with Lipo-NAC was significantly more effective than free NAC in reducing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Histological evaluation showed that APAP caused periacinar hepatocellular apoptosis and/or necrosis of hepatocytes around the terminal hepatic venules which was reduced by NAC treatment, the degree of reduction being greater for Lipo-NAC. CONCLUSION These data suggest that administration of Lipo-NAC ameliorated the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Alipour
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Elhissi A, Hidayat K, Phoenix DA, Mwesigwa E, Crean S, Ahmed W, Faheem A, Taylor KM. Air-jet and vibrating-mesh nebulization of niosomes generated using a particulate-based proniosome technology. Int J Pharm 2013; 444:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hara K, Tsujimoto H, Huang CC, Kawashima Y, Ando R, Kusuoka O, Tamura K, Tsutsumi M. Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies on Uptake and Distribution of FITC-Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles Administered Intratracheally in Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:19-26. [PMID: 22481855 PMCID: PMC3320153 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles have been developed as pulmonary drug delivery carriers. To investigate their behavior, small- (d50 = 74 nm) and large-sized (d50 = 250 nm) FITC-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were intratracheally administered to rats and were traced for 5, 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours after administration (HAT). Immunohistochemically, a, FITC-positive reaction was observed in type-I alveolar epithelial cells (type-I AEC), endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages in the lungs from 5 minutes after treatment (MAT) to 24 HAT in both nanoparticle groups. In the kidneys, a positive reaction was observed in proximal tubular epithelial cells at 30 MAT; the reaction peaked at 60 MAT and was reduced at 24 HAT, while no positive reaction was seen in other sites. Ultrascructurally, the number of membrane-bound vesicles, which were approximately 70 nm in size and hard to distinguish from pinocytic vesicles, apparently increased in type-I AEC and endothelial cells at 5 MAT in the small-sized group, in comparison with the control group receiving physiological saline. The number of vesicles in the large-sized group was almost same as that in the control group. On the other hand, in both nanoparticle groups, lysosomes filled with nanoparticles appeared in alveolar macrophages from 30 MAT to 24 HAT. These results indicate that PLGA nanoparticles might be quickly transferred from the alveolar space to the blood vessel via type-I alveolar epithelial cells and excreted into urine, and that there is a threshold for particle size, less than approximately 70 nm in diameter, with regard to absorption through the alveolar wall.
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Nasr M, Nawaz S, Elhissi A. Amphotericin B lipid nanoemulsion aerosols for targeting peripheral respiratory airways via nebulization. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:611-6. [PMID: 22842623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) lipid nanoemulsions were prepared and characterized and their suitability for pulmonary delivery via nebulization was evaluated. AmB nanoemulsions were prepared by sonicating and vortexing the drug with two commercially available lipid nanoemulsions: the Intralipid(®) or Clinoleic(®). Loading the nanoemulsions with the drug slightly increased the size of the lipid droplets and did not affect the zeta potential of the nanoemulsions. The loading efficiency of AmB was found to be 87.46±2.21% in the Intralipid(®) nanoemulsions and 80.7±0.70% in the Clinoleic(®) formulation. This respectively corresponded to 21.86 mg and 20.19 mg of AmB being successfully loaded in the nanoemulsions. On aerosolization using a Pari Sprint jet nebulizer, both nanoemulsions produced very high drug output which was approximately 90% for both formulations. Using the two-stage impinger, the Clinoleic(®) emulsion had higher fine particle fraction (FPF) than the Intralipid(®), since the Clinoleic(®) displayed higher deposition of AmB in the lower impinger stage (exceeding 80%), compared to 57% for the Intralipid(®). Overall, the ease of preparation of the AmB lipid nanoemulsions, along with their in vitro nebulization performance suggest that lipid nanoemulsions could be successful nanocarriers for delivery of AmB to the peripheral respiratory airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen X, Huang W, Wong BC, Yin L, Wong YF, Xu M, Yang Z. Liposomes prolong the therapeutic effect of anti-asthmatic medication via pulmonary delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1139-48. [PMID: 22412300 PMCID: PMC3299201 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The main objective of this study was to develop a novel aerosolized liposome formulation for pulmonary delivery of anti-asthmatic medication and to explore the relationship between the bioavailability and anti-asthmatic efficacy of such a formulation. Asthma treatment usually requires frequent administration of medication for sustained bronchodilating response. Liposomes are known for their capability for sustained drug release and thus would be a suitable delivery system for anti-asthmatic medication for prolonged therapeutic effect. Salbutamol sulfate (SBS) was chosen as the model drug in this study because of its high water solubility and fast absorption after administration. Methods SBS was efficiently encapsulated into liposomes by the vesicular phospholipid gel technique. SBS permeability across the pulmonary membrane of an Asian toad was determined by in vitro study. Intratracheal administration of liposomes labeled with the fluorescent dye 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) in a rat model was assessed by a small animal imaging system and pharmacokinetic analysis. Pharmacodynamic analysis was performed in guinea pigs using the Konzett–Rössler method. Results SBS was efficiently encapsulated into liposomes with encapsulation efficiency as high as 70%. The particle size of the SBS liposome suspension was approximately 57 ± 21 nm. In the in vitro study of permeability across the pulmonary membrane of Asian toads, SBS from liposomes demonstrated a slower transport rate compared to free SBS solution. Pulmonary delivery of liposomes in a rat model showed that the liposomes were effectively distributed in the respiratory tract and lungs, and that the release of SBS from liposomes was sustained for at least 48 hours. Pharmacodynamic analysis in a guinea pig model showed that the anti-asthmatic effect of SBS liposomes persisted for up to 18 hours, whereas that of free SBS solution was less than 8 hours. Conclusion The overall results demonstrated that liposomes could increase the concentration and retention time of SBS in the lungs and therefore prolong its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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41
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Therapeutic liposomal dry powder inhalation aerosols for targeted lung delivery. Lung 2012; 190:251-62. [PMID: 22274758 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic liposomal powders (i.e., lipospheres and proliposomes) for dry powder inhalation aerosol delivery, formulated with phospholipids similar to endogenous lung surfactant, offer unique opportunities in pulmonary nanomedicine while offering controlled release and enhanced stability. Many pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis (TB), cystic fibrosis (CF), bacterial and fungal lung infections, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could greatly benefit from this type of pulmonary nanomedicine approach that can be delivered in a targeted manner by dry powder inhalers (DPIs). These delivery systems may require smaller doses for efficacy, exhibit reduced toxicity, fewer side effects, controlled drug release over a prolonged time period, and increased formulation stability as inhaled powders. This state-of-the-art review presents these novel aspects in depth.
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Amani A, Amini MA, Ali HSM, York P. Alternatives to conventional suspensions for pulmonary drug delivery by nebulisers: a review. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4563-70. [PMID: 21671227 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the reports of alternative dosage forms to suspension formulations of hydrophobic drugs for nebulisers. Suspensions for nebulisers, although widely used over recent years, have several limitations which have led to pharmaceutical researchers looking for alternative, better performing preparations. Particular attention has been directed towards the use of nanoparticles as carriers of hydrophobic active ingredients. Several nanoformulations have been prepared and compared in vitro and/or in vivo with the corresponding microsuspension formulation. It is also clear that future studies in this field should address the parallel important aspects of safety and economical aspects of nanoparticualte formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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Elhissi A, Gill H, Ahmed W, Taylor K. Vibrating-mesh nebulization of liposomes generated using an ethanol-based proliposome technology. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:173-80. [PMID: 20684671 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2010.505574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study that evaluates the influence of the compartmental design of the micropump Aeroneb Go nebulizer and the viscosity of a proliposome hydration medium on vibrating-mesh aerosolization of liposomes. Ethanol-based proliposomes comprising soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1 mole ratio) were hydrated by using isotonic NaCl (0.9%) or sucrose (9.25%) solutions to generate liposomes that entrapped approximately 61% of the hydrophilic drug, salbutamol sulphate. Liposomes were aerosolized by the nebulizer to a two-stage impinger. For both formulations, the aerosol mass output was higher than the phospholipid output, indicating some accumulation of large liposomes or liposome aggregate within the nebulizer. Using NaCl (0.9%) solution as the dispersion medium, aerosol droplet size was much smaller and aerosol mass and phospholipid outputs were higher. This was attributed to the lower viscosity of the NaCl solution, resulting in a reduced retention of the aerosols in the "trap" of the nebulizer. For the entrapped salbutamol sulphate, although the "fine particle fraction" was relatively high (57.44%), size reduction of the liposomes during nebulization caused marked losses of the drug originally entrapped. Overall, liposomes generated from proliposomes when using this nebulizer showed high nebulization output and small droplet size. However, further work is required to reduce the losses of the originally entrapped drug from liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbary Elhissi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
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Huang WH, Yang ZJ, Wu H, Wong YF, Zhao ZZ, Liu L. Development of liposomal salbutamol sulfate dry powder inhaler formulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:512-7. [PMID: 20190418 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to develop a formulation of liposomal salbutamol sulfate (SBS) dry powder inhaler (DPI) for the treatment of asthma. Liposomes of high encapsulation efficiency (more than 80%) were prepared by a vesicular phospholipid gel (VPG) technique. SBS VPG liposomes were subjected to lyophilization using different kinds of cryoprotectants in various mass ratios. Coarse lactose (63-106 microm) in different mass ratios was used as a carrier. Magnesium stearate (0.5%) was added as a lubricator. The dry liposomal powders were then crushed by ball milling and sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to control the mean particle size at about 10 microm. The effects of different kinds of cryoprotectants and the amount of lactose carrier on the fine particle fraction (FPF) of SBS were investigated. The results showed that the developed formulation of liposomal dry powder inhaler was obtained using lactose as a cryoprotectant with a mass ratio of lyophilized powder to carrier lactose at 1 : 5; 0.5% magnesium stearate was used as a lubricator. The value of FPF for SBS was 41.51+/-2.22% for this formulation. Sustained release of SBS from the VPG liposomes was found in the in vitro release study. The study results offer the promising possibility of localized pulmonary liposomal SBS delivery in the anhydrous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Elhissi AMA, Karnam KK, Danesh-Azari MR, Gill HS, Taylor KMG. Formulations generated from ethanol-based proliposomes for delivery via medical nebulizers. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:887-94. [PMID: 16805947 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.7.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multilamellar and oligolamellar liposomes were produced from ethanol-based soya phosphatidylcholine proliposome formulations by addition of isotonic sodium chloride or sucrose solutions. The resultant liposomes entrapped up to 62% of available salbutamol sulfate compared with only 1.23% entrapped by conventionally prepared liposomes. Formulations were aerosolized using an air-jet nebulizer (Pari LC Plus) or a vibrating-mesh nebulizer (Aeroneb Pro small mesh, Aeroneb Pro large mesh, or Omron NE U22). All vibrating-mesh nebulizers produced aerosol droplets having larger volume median diameter (VMD) and narrower size distribution than the air-jet nebulizer. The choice of liposome dispersion medium had little effect on the performance of the Pari nebulizer. However, for the Aeroneb Pro small mesh and Omron NE U22, the use of sucrose solution tended to increase droplet VMD, and reduce aerosol mass and phospholipid outputs from the nebulizers. For the Aeroneb Pro large mesh, sucrose solution increased the VMD of nebulized droplets, increased phospholipid output and produced no effect on aerosol mass output. The Omron NE U22 nebulizer produced the highest mass output (approx. 100%) regardless of formulation, and the delivery rates were much higher for the NaCl-dispersed liposomes compared with sucrose-dispersed formulation. Nebulization produced considerable loss of entrapped drug from liposomes and this was accompanied by vesicle size reduction. Drug loss tended to be less for the vibrating-mesh nebulizers than the jet nebulizer. The large aperture size mesh (8μm) Aeroneb Pro nebulizer increased the proportion of entrapped drug delivered to the lower stage of a twin impinger. This study has demonstrated that liposomes generated from proliposome formulations can be aerosolized in small droplets using air-jet or vibrating-mesh nebulizers. In contrast to the jet nebulizer, the performance of the vibrating-mesh nebulizers was greatly dependent on formulation. The high phospholipid output produced by the nebulizers employed suggests that both air-jet and vibrating-mesh nebulization may provide the potential of delivering liposome-entrapped or solubilized hydrophobic drugs to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbary M A Elhissi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, UK.
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Tolman JA, Williams RO. Advances in the pulmonary delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: influence of solubilization on pharmacokinetic properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1-30. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Henning A, Hein S, Schneider M, Bur M, Lehr CM. Pulmonary drug delivery: medicines for inhalation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:171-92. [PMID: 20217530 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mankind has inhaled substances for medical and other reasons for thousands of years, notably resulting in the cultural manifestations of tobacco and opium smoking. Over the course of time concepts of pulmonary application, including inhalation devices and drug formulations, have been and still are being continuously developed. State of the art instruments even allow for individualized drug application by adaptation of the inhalation procedure to the breathing pattern of the patient. Pulmonary drug delivery offers promising advantages in comparison to "classical" drug administration via the oral or transcutaneous routes, which is also reflected by an increasing interest and number of marketed products for inhalation therapy. However, the lungs' efficient clearance mechanisms still limit the benefit of many therapeutic concepts. In consequence the objective of current research and development in pulmonary drug delivery is to overcome and to control drug clearance from the intended target site. Here, several of the most auspicious future drug delivery concepts are presented and discussed in order to give the reader an insight into this emerging field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Henning
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Misici-Falzi M, Palmieri GF. Colloidal soft matter as drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zaru M, Mourtas S, Klepetsanis P, Fadda AM, Antimisiaris SG. Liposomes for drug delivery to the lungs by nebulization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:655-66. [PMID: 17540552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of drug-loaded freeze-dried (FD) liposomes, designed for delivery to lungs after rehydration/nebulization was investigated. Rifampicin (RIF) incorporating multilamelar (MLV) and dried rehydrated vesicles (DRV); composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), dipalmitoyloglycero-PC (DPPC) or distearoyloglycero-PC (DSPC), containing or not Cholesterol (Chol), were prepared. Vesicles were characterized for encapsulation efficiency (EE%), size distribution, zeta-potential, stability during freeze drying (FD) and nebulization (nebulization efficiency (NE%) and retention of RIF after nebulization (NER%)). Mucoadhesion and toxicity in A549 cells was measured. RIF EE% was not affected by liposome type but lipid composition was important; Synthetic lipid vesicles (DPPC and DSPC) had higher EE% compared to PC. As Chol increased EE% decreased. Freeze drying (FD) had no effect on EE%, however trehalose decreased EE% possibly due to RIF displacement. NER% was highly affected by lipid composition. Results of NE% and NER% for RIF-loaded liposomes show that DSPC/Chol (2:1) is the best composition for RIF delivery in vesicular form to lungs, by nebulization. Mucoadhesion and A549 cell toxicity studies were in line with this conclusion, however if mucoadhesion is required, improvement may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zaru
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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Zhang LJ, Xing B, Wu J, Xu B, Fang XL. Biodistribution in mice and severity of damage in rat lungs following pulmonary delivery of 9-nitrocamptothecin liposomes. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007; 21:239-46. [PMID: 17561423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate in vitro release, in vivo tissue distribution and the damage to the lungs of 9-nitrocamptothecin (9-NC) liposomes. In vitro release of 9-NC from liposomes was carried out in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) pH 7.4. The tissue distribution of 9-NC liposomes and 9-NC solution was determined after pulmonary delivery to mice. The tissue distribution of 9-NC liposomes after intravenous administration was also studied. The changes of pulmonary edema index and histology of lungs in rats were investigated to evaluate the severity of the damage after pulmonary delivery. The results showed that 9-NC was continuously released from liposomes in PBS pH 7.4 for 24h at 37 degrees C. After pulmonary delivery, the mean residence time (MRT) of 9-NC liposomes in the lungs was 3.4 times as long as that of 9-NC solution and the total AUC0-t of all tissues in mice of the liposomes was 2.2-fold higher than that of the solution, indicating that the liposomes had sustained-release characteristics. Following intravenous administration and pulmonary delivery, the targeting efficiency (Te) to the lung of 9-NC liposomes was 0.14 and 2.02, respectively, which showed that intratracheal instillation can deliver the drug mainly to the lung and decrease the accumulation of the drug in other tissues at different concentrations. The pulmonary edema index and the histological changes of the lungs in 9-NC liposome group were significantly different from those in 9-NC solution group. The lung damage by liposomes was less severe than that by solution. Pulmonary delivery of 9-NC liposomes could directly deliver the drug to the lung and make the drug accumulate in the lung with sustained-release characteristics, changing the disposition behavior in vivo, decreasing the toxic and side effects on other tissues and reduce the severity of damage to lungs following intratracheal instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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