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Wang W, Yu K, Zhao SY, Mo DG, Liu JH, Han LJ, Li T, Yao HC. The impact of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1126093. [PMID: 36970368 PMCID: PMC10036580 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1126093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWhile insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exerts a cardioprotective effect in the setting of atherosclerosis, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is involved in metabolic syndrome. Although IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 are known to be predictors for mortality in patients with heart failure, their use in clinic as prognostic biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requires investigation. We evaluated the relationship between IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 levels at admission and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with ACS.MethodsA total of 277 ACS patients and 42 healthy controls were included in this prospective cohort study. Plasma samples were obtained and analyzed at admission. Patients were followed for MACEs after hospitalization.ResultsAmong patients who suffered acute myocardial infarction, plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were lower and higher, respectively, as compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.05). The mean follow-up period was 5.22 (1.0–6.0) months and MACEs incidence was 22.4% (62 of 277 patients). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low IGFBP-2 levels had a greater event-free survival rate than patients with high IGFBP-2 levels (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed IGFBP-2, but not IGF-1, to be a positive predictor of MACEs (hazard ratio 2.412, 95% CI 1.360–4.277; p = 0.003).ConclusionOur findings suggest that high IGFBP-2 levels are associated with the development of MACEs following ACS. Moreover, IGFBP-2 is likely an independent predictive marker of clinical outcomes in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shou-Yong Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - De-Gang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li-Jinn Han
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tai Li
- Department of Nursing, Liaocheng Vocational & Technical College, Liaocheng, China
| | - Heng-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, China
- Correspondence: Heng-Chen Yao
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Late Health Effects of Partial Body Irradiation Injury in a Minipig Model Are Associated with Changes in Systemic and Cardiac IGF-1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063286. [PMID: 33807089 PMCID: PMC8005067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence demonstrate non-cancer, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of ionizing radiation exposure including growth hormone deficiency, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling perturbations are implicated in development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The minipig is an emerging model for studying radiation effects given its high analogy to human anatomy and physiology. Here we use a minipig model to study late health effects of radiation by exposing male Göttingen minipigs to 1.9–2.0 Gy X-rays (lower limb tibias spared). Animals were monitored for 120 days following irradiation and blood counts, body weight, heart rate, clinical chemistry parameters, and circulating biomarkers were assessed longitudinally. Collagen deposition, histolopathology, IGF-1 signaling, and mRNA sequencing were evaluated in tissues. Our findings indicate a single exposure induced histopathological changes, attenuated circulating IGF-1, and disrupted cardiac IGF-1 signaling. Electrolytes, lipid profiles, liver and kidney markers, and heart rate and rhythm were also affected. In the heart, collagen deposition was significantly increased and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) was induced following irradiation; collagen deposition and fibrosis were also observed in the kidney of irradiated animals. Our findings show Göttingen minipigs are a suitable large animal model to study long-term effects of radiation exposure and radiation-induced inhibition of IGF-1 signaling may play a role in development of late organ injuries.
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Galerneau LM, Borel AL, Chabre O, Sapene M, Stach B, Girey-Rannaud J, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Caron P. The Somatotropic Axis in the Sleep Apnea-Obesity Comorbid Duo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:376. [PMID: 32655494 PMCID: PMC7325876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growth hormone (GH) stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in most tissues and together GH and IGF-1 profoundly impact adipose tissue deposition, glucose metabolism and cardiovascular function. A low serum IGF-I level has been reported as being associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and might be one of the mechanisms underlying cardio-metabolic risk in OSA patients. Methods: In a multicenter national study, 817 patients consulting for suspicion of OSA (OSA confirmed for 567 patients) underwent serum IGF-1 measurements. We analyzed the association between an IGF-1 level below the median value of the population and variables related to cardio-metabolic risk: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), cholesterol and triglycerides (expressed as median and divided into quartiles for continuous variables). Results: After adjustment for age and gender, low IGF-1 levels were associated with increased BMI and AHI (Odds ratios (OR) = 2.83; p < 0.0001 and OR = 3.03, p < 0.0001 for Quartile 4 vs. Quartile1, respectively), with elevated cholesterol levels (OR = 1.36, p = 0.0444), and elevated triglyceride levels (OR = 1.36; p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Both adiposity and sleep apnea synergistically predict low levels of IGF-1 and thus could together contribute toward cardio-metabolic risk. Further work are needed to confirm whether IGF-1 levels allow grading severity and predicting response to treatments to aim at a personalized medicine for patients suffering from OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Galerneau
- Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2) Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Louis-Marie Galerneau
| | - Anne-Laure Borel
- Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2) Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Chabre
- Endocrinology Department, Pole Digidune, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Renaud Tamisier
- Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2) Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2) Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Caron
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Pôle Cardiovascular and Metabolic, Larrey University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Barutaut M, Fournier P, Peacock WF, Evaristi MF, Caubère C, Turkieh A, Desmoulin F, Eurlings LWM, van Wijk S, Rocca HPBL, Butler J, Koukoui F, Dambrin C, Mazeres S, Le Page S, Delmas C, Galinier M, Jung C, Smih F, Rouet P. Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 predicts mortality risk in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2019; 300:245-251. [PMID: 31806281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2) showed greater heart failure (HF) diagnostic accuracy than the "grey zone" B-type natriuretic peptides, and may have prognostic utility as well. OBJECTIVES To determine if IGFBP2 provides independent information on cardiovascular mortality in HF. METHODS A retrospective study of 870 HF patients from 3 independent international cohorts. Presentation IGFBP2 plasma levels were measured by ELISA, and patients were followed from 1 year (Maastricht, Netherlands) to 6 years (Atlanta, GA, USA and Toulouse, France). Multivariate analysis, Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) were performed in the 3 cohorts. The primary outcome was cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, the highest quartile of IGFBP2 was associated with mortality in the Maastricht cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 1.69 (95% CI, 1.18-2.41), p = 0.004) and in the combined Atlanta and Toulouse cohorts (adjusted hazard ratio 2.04 (95%CI, 1.3-3.3), p = 0.003). Adding IGFBP2 to a clinical model allowed a reclassification of adverse outcome risk in the Maastricht cohort (NRI = 18.7% p = 0.03; IDI = 3.9% p = 0.02) and with the Atlanta/Toulouse patients (NRI of 40.4% p = 0.01, 31,2% p = 0.04, 31.5% p = 0,02 and IDI of 2,9% p = 0,0005, 3.1% p = 0,0005 and 4,2%, p = 0.0005, for a follow-up of 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively). CONCLUSION In 3 international cohorts, IGFBP2 level is a strong prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality in HF, adding information to natriuretic monitoring and usual clinical markers, that should be further prospectively evaluated for patients' optimized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Barutaut
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France; University Hospital of Toulouse, Cardiology Department, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - William F Peacock
- Emergency Medicine at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Francesca Evaristi
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Céline Caubère
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Annie Turkieh
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Franck Desmoulin
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Luc W M Eurlings
- Department of Cardiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Wijk
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - François Koukoui
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Camille Dambrin
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France; University Hospital of Toulouse, Cardiology Department, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazeres
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), Toulouse, France
| | - Servane Le Page
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France
| | - Clement Delmas
- University Hospital of Toulouse, Cardiology Department, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Galinier
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France; University Hospital of Toulouse, Cardiology Department, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fatima Smih
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France; Spartacus-Biomed, Clermont Le Fort, France
| | - Philippe Rouet
- LA Maison de la MItochondrie (LAMMI), Obesity and heart failure: molecular and clinical investigations, UMR CNRS 5288, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; INI-CRCT F-CRIN, GREAT Networks, France.
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Yılmaz Y, Tanrıverdi F, Duran M, Altay M, Eryol NK. Is IGF-1 level actually lowered in the early stage following an acute myocardial infarction and is IGF-1 associated with the left ventricle dysfunction or cardiac events? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.504184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Maximus PS. Insulin like growth factor 1 is linked to higher cardiovascular risk score in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2613-2618. [PMID: 31405684 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide that shares sequence homology with insulin and has endocrine, paracrine and autocrine functions, acts on endothelial cells, and stimulates angiogenesis. IGF1 also affects renal hemodynamics both directly and indirectly by interacting with the renin-angiotensin system. OBJECTIVE The study aimed at detecting a relation between age-adjusted IGF1 (AAIGF1) and cardiovascular risk score in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. DESIGN Patients were 90 females and 42 males with different stages of CKD ranging from 0 to 4. After taking a consent, serum IGF1 was recorded and adjusted for the age of the patient using the IGF1 score equation: {[(log IGF-1 + 0.00625xage)-2.555]/0.104}. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses of AAIGF1 to different metabolic parameters and microvascular complications of type 2 DM were done. A ROC curve for CV risk score was issued. RESULTS AAIGF1 showed a significant bidirectional change with the stage of CKD. Univariate analysis was done including cardiovascular parameters in relations to AAIGF1. A significant positive correlation was found between AAIGF1 and CV risk score (B = 0.036, p = 0.003), SBP (B = 0.030, P = 0.004) and DBP (B = 0.071, P = 0.000), with a reciprocal relation to EF (B = -0.050, P = 0.016). Multivariate regression showed a significant correlation between AAIGF1 and age, HOMAIR, HOMAB, Uric acid. A ROC curve with AUC of 0.675, P = 0.003, showed that AAIGF1 of approximately -1.7 is a cut off for intermediate CV risk (10 year risk score >7.5%). CONCLUSION AAIGF1 shows a bidirectional relation to the grade of chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 DM. A cut off point for AAIGF1 was set to indicate intermediate CV risk score, which can encourage using AAIGF1 as a prognostic marker for higher CV risk score. Medications that modulate IGF1 level can affect CV risk.
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Rozenbaum Z, Cohen L, Bigelman E, Shacham Y, Keren G, Entin-Meer M. Downregulated Expression of TRPV2 in Peripheral Blood Cells following Acute Myocardial Infarction Is Inversely Correlated with Serum Levels of CRP and Troponin I. Cardiology 2018; 139:169-174. [PMID: 29393104 DOI: 10.1159/000486530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have recently shown that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is exclusively upregulated in rat/murine peri-infarct monocytes/macrophages following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and that this overexpression might be detrimental for cardiac recovery. We aimed to characterize the expression levels of TRPV2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AMI patients relative to individuals with normal coronaries, and to analyze potential associations with inflammatory and cardiac ischemic markers. METHODS Patients who underwent coronary angiography due to AMI or chest pain were prospectively included. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. TRPV2 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. C-reactive protein (CRP) and troponin I (TpI) levels were determined at the central chemistry laboratory; interleukin 6 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels were tested by ELISA. RESULTS Following AMI, the number of TRPV2-expressing PBMCs was reduced when compared to in patients with normal coronaries. An inverse correlation was documented between the numbers of circulating macrophages and TRPV2 expression. Additionally, TRPV2 expression was inversely correlated with CRP and TpI and directly correlated with serum IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS We assume that peripheral TRPV2 downregulation occurs concomitantly with the accumulation of TRPV2-white blood cells in the peri-infarct zone. TRPV2 may thus represent a novel target for treatment in the acute phase after MI.
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Strazhesko ID, Tkacheva ON, Akasheva DU, Dudinskaya EN, Plokhova EV, Pykhtina VS, Kruglikova AS, Brailova NV, Sharashkina NV, Kashtanova DA, Isaykina OY, Pokrovskaya MS, Vygodin VA, Ozerova IN, Skvortsov DA, Boytsov SA. Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Insulin Resistance, and Leukocyte Telomere Length as Determinants of Arterial Aging in Subjects Free of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2017; 8:198. [PMID: 29375617 PMCID: PMC5770739 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased arterial stiffness (AS), intima-media thickness (IMT), and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (PP) have been considered as important aspects of vascular aging. It is well documented that the cardiovascular system is an important target organ for growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in humans, and GH /IGF-1 deficiency significantly increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes (LTL) is a biomarker of cellular senescence and that has been proposed as an independent predictor of (CVD). The aim of this study is to determine the role of GH/IGF-1, LTL and their interaction cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in the vascular aging. Methods: The study group included 303 ambulatory participants free of known CVD (104 males and 199 females) with a mean age of 51.8 ± 13.3 years. All subjects had one or more CVRF [age, smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia, insulin resistance-HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) >2.5, or high glycated hemoglobin]. The study sample was divided into the two groups according to age as "younger" (m ≤ 45 years, f ≤ 55 years) and "older" (m > 45 years, f > 55 years). IMT and PP were determined by ultrasonography, AS was determined by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) using the SphygmoCor system (AtCor Medical). LTL was determined by PCR. Serum IGF-1 and GH concentrations we measured by immunochemiluminescence analysis. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis with adjustment for CVRF indicated that HOMA, GH, IGF-1, and LTL had an independent relationship with all the arterial wall parameters investigated in the younger group. In the model with c-f PWV as a dependent variable, p < 0.001 for HOMA, p = 0.03 for GH, and p = 0.004 for LTL. In the model with IMT as a dependent variable, p = 0.0001 for HOMA, p = 0.044 for GH, and p = 0.004 for IGF-1. In the model with the number of plaques as a dependent variable, p = 0.0001 for HOMA, and p = 0.045 for IGF-1. In the older group, there were no independent significant associations between GH/IGF-1, LTL, HOMA, and arterial wall characteristics. Conclusions: GH/IGF-1, IR, HOMA, and LTL were the important parameters of arterial aging in younger healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Strazhesko
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Age-associated Diseases, Medical Scientific and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N Tkacheva
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dariga U Akasheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Dudinskaya
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Plokhova
- Department of Cardiology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S Pykhtina
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Kruglikova
- Department of Aging and Age-associated Diseases Prevention, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Brailova
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Sharashkina
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kashtanova
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Y Isaykina
- Department of Primary Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in the Healthcare System, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya S Pokrovskaya
- Biobank, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vygodin
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Laboratory of Biostatistics, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Ozerova
- Department of Biochemical Markers of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Federal State Institution National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1931-1938. [PMID: 28847512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in most developed countries. Aging is associated with enhanced risk of CVD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binds to its cognate receptor, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth, differentiation, development, and tissue repair. Importantly, IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is implicated in cardiac aging and longevity. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by molecular and cellular changes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the link between the IGF-1/IGF-1R system and cardiac aging. The biological effects of IGF-1R and insulin receptor will be discussed and compared. Furthermore, we describe data regarding how deletion of IGF-1R in cardiomyocytes of aged knockout mice may delay the development of senescence-associated myocardial pathologies. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Partial IGF-1 deficiency is sufficient to reduce heart contractibility, angiotensin II sensibility, and alter gene expression of structural and functional cardiac proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181760. [PMID: 28806738 PMCID: PMC5555709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of IGF-1 may decrease under several circumstances like ageing, metabolic syndrome, and advanced cirrhosis. This reduction is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, progression to type 2 diabetes, and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, underlying mechanisms between IGF-1 deficiency and cardiovascular disease remain elusive. The specific aim of the present work was to study whether the partial IGF-1 deficiency influences heart and/or coronary circulation, comparing vasoactive factors before and after of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In addition, histology of the heart was performed together with cardiac gene expression for proteins involved in structure and function (extracellular matrix, contractile proteins, active peptides); carried out using microarrays, followed by RT-qPCR confirmation of the three experimental groups. IGF-1 partial deficiency is associated to a reduction in contractility and angiotensin II sensitivity, interstitial fibrosis as well as altered expression pattern of genes involved in extracellular matrix proteins, calcium dynamics, and cardiac structure and function. Although this work is descriptive, it provides a clear insight of the impact that partial IGF-1 deficiency on the heart and establishes this experimental model as suitable for studying cardiac disease mechanisms and exploring therapeutic options for patients under IGF-1 deficiency conditions.
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Shimizu I, Minamino T. Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:245-62. [PMID: 27262674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with multiple complex biological systems that allow adaptation to changes of systemic demand. The processes of growth (hypertrophy), angiogenesis, and metabolic plasticity are critically involved in maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac hypertrophy is classified as physiological when it is associated with normal cardiac function or as pathological when associated with cardiac dysfunction. Physiological hypertrophy of the heart occurs in response to normal growth of children or during pregnancy, as well as in athletes. In contrast, pathological hypertrophy is induced by factors such as prolonged and abnormal hemodynamic stress, due to hypertension, myocardial infarction etc. Pathological hypertrophy is associated with fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular dysfunction (impairment of signaling, suppression of autophagy, and abnormal cardiomyocyte/non-cardiomyocyte interactions), as well as undesirable epigenetic changes, with these complex responses leading to maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This review describes the key molecules and cellular responses involved in physiological/pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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Fierro-Macías AE, Floriano-Sánchez E, Mena-Burciaga VM, Gutiérrez-Leonard H, Lara-Padilla E, Abarca-Rojano E, Fierro-Almanzán AE. [Association between IGF system and PAPP-A in coronary atherosclerosis]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2016; 86:148-56. [PMID: 26906607 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a condition that involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms and whose knowledge has not been fully elucidated. Often, scientific advances on the atherogenic pathophysiology generate that molecules not previously considered in the scene of this disease, were attributed actions on the onset or progression of it. A representative example is the study of a new mechanism involved in the atherogenic process, consisting of the association between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Insulin-like growth factor system is a family of peptides that include 3 peptide hormones, 4 transmembrane receptors and 6 binding proteins. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the main ligand of the IGF system involved in coronary atherosclerosis. IGF-1 exerts its effects via activation of the IGF-1R receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells or macrophages. In vascular smooth muscle cells promotes migration and prevents apoptosis which increases plaque stability while in macrophages reduces reverse cholesterol transport leading to the formation of foam cells. Regulation of IGF-1 endothelial bioavailability is carried out by IGFBP proteases, mainly by PAPP-A. In this review, we address the mechanisms between IGF system and PAPP-A in atherosclerosis with emphasis on molecular effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eduardo Fierro-Macías
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, México.
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Investigación, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA), México, DF, México
| | - Victoria Michelle Mena-Burciaga
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, México
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-Leonard
- Departamento de Hemodinamia, Hospital Central Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA), México, DF, México
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, México
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, México
| | - Alfonso Edmundo Fierro-Almanzán
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital General Regional N.(o) 66, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México
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Desai NA, Patel SS. Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 in relation to cardiovascular function in polycystic ovary syndrome: friend or foe? Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:801-7. [PMID: 26288196 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1075497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is very high and conventional risk factors only partially explain excessive risk of developing CVD in patients of PCOS. The pathophysiology of PCOS is very unique, and several hormonal and metabolic changes occur. Several observations suggest that serum IGF-1 levels decrease in insulin resistance, which results in IGF-1 deficiency. In patient of PCOS, close relationships have been demonstrated between insulin resistance and serum IGF-1 levels. Hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance results in a general augmentation of steroidogenesis and LH release in PCOS. The action of IGF-1 varies in different tissues possibly via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. The increase or decrease in IGF-1 in different tissues results in differential outcomes. Several studies suggest that lowered circulating IGF-1 levels play important role in the initiation of the cardiac hypertrophic response which results in the risk of cardiovascular disease. While recent results suggests that individual with elevated IGF-1 is protected against cardiovascular disease. Thus IGF-1 shows versatile pleiotropic actions. This review provides a current perspective on increased level of IGF-1 in PCOS and also adds to the current controversy regarding the roles of IGF-1 in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Ajaykumar Desai
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Zengin E, Sinning C, Zeller T, Rupprecht HJ, Schnabel RB, Lackner KJ, Blankenberg S, Westermann D, Bickel C. The utility of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A for determination of prognosis in a cohort of patients with coronary artery disease. Biomark Med 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is discussed as a biomarker representing unstable plaques in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In this study 927 patients with CAD (534 with stable angina and 393 with acute coronary syndrome [ACS]) and 217 patients without CAD and measured PAPP-A levels were included. Follow-up for a median of 5 years was documented. Results: Rising quartiles of PAPP-A concentration had a higher cardiovascular mortality in the overall cohort of patients with CAD (p = 0.002) and the cohort with ACS (p = 0.01). Patients with suspected ACS below the LOD for troponin I but elevated PAPP-A levels had an increased cardiovascular mortality. A cut-off of 11.4 IU/l identified patients with a higher mortality during follow-up. Conclusion: Rising PAPP-A levels are prognostic in patients with CAD. PAPP-A levels were especially predictive in ACS patients with troponin below 10% CV of the 99th percentile for cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin Zengin
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sinning
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-J Rupprecht
- Department of Medicine II, GPR Rüsselsheim, August-Bebel-Straße 59, 65428 Rüsselsheim, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of General & Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bickel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Armed Forces Central Hospital, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
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Ren J, Anversa P. The insulin-like growth factor I system: physiological and pathophysiological implication in cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:409-17. [PMID: 25541285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. A number of theories have been speculated for the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, interrupted neurohormonal regulation and compromised intracellular Ca(2+) handling. Recent evidence has revealed that adults with severe growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) deficiency such as Laron syndrome display increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. IGF-1 signaling may regulate contractility, metabolism, hypertrophy, apoptosis, autophagy, stem cell regeneration and senescence in the heart to maintain cardiac homeostasis. An inverse relationship between plasma IGF-1 levels and prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as associated cardiovascular complications has been identified, suggesting the clinical promises of IGF-1 analogues or IGF-1 receptor activation in the management of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms between IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome are still poorly understood. This mini-review will discuss the role of IGF-1 signaling cascade in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in particular the susceptibility to overnutrition and sedentary life style-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and other features of metabolic syndrome. Special attention will be dedicated in IGF-1-associated changes in cardiac responses in various metabolic syndrome components such as insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The potential risk of IGF-1 and IGF-1R stimulation such as tumorigenesis is discussed. Therapeutic promises of IGF-1 and IGF-1 analogues including mecasermin, mecasermin rinfabate and PEGylated IGF-1 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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The role of insulin-like growth factor-1 in development of coronary no-reflow and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2014; 10:12-7. [PMID: 24799921 PMCID: PMC4007291 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2014.41460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has atheroprotective effects via reduction in oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, pro-inflammatory signaling, and endothelial dysfunction. AIM We hypothesized that low levels of IGF-1 may be associated with the severity and extent of coronary artery disease and development of the coronary no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and investigated the role of the IGF-1 molecule in the coronary no-reflow phenomenon and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with acute STEMI in a tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted among 113 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI, of whom 49 patients developed the no-reflow phenomenon. Coronary no-reflow was defined as Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 or less after intervention. Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels were measured in both groups. The severity and extent of CAD were evaluated according to the Gensini and Syntax scores. RESULTS Although IGF-1 levels were lower in the no-reflow group, there was not a statistically significant difference between the no-reflow group and the control group (116.65 ±51.72 vs. 130.82 ±48.76, p = 0.130). Gensini and Syntax scores were higher in the no-reflow group. There was no association between Gensini and Syntax scores and IGF-1 levels (r = -0.071, r = 0.479, r = -0.158, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS In this study, IGF-1 levels were not statistically different between patients developing the no-reflow phenomenon and controls. There was no association between development of the no-reflow phenomenon and severity of CAD or IGF-1 levels. Nevertheless, large scale studies are needed to verify these results.
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Sesti G, Mannino GC, Andreozzi F, Greco A, Perticone M, Sciacqua A, Marini MA, Perticone F. A polymorphism at IGF1 locus is associated with carotid intima media thickness and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:25-30. [PMID: 24401213 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether IGF-1 has a protective or a detrimental role in vascular homeostasis remains unsettled. There is evidence that the C/T polymorphism rs35767 near the promoter region of the IGF1 gene located in chromosome 12 is associated with plasma IGF-1 levels. We investigated the effects of this polymorphism on circulating IGF-1 levels, carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and endothelial-dependent vasodilation. METHODS Two samples of adult nondiabetic Whites were studied. Sample 1 comprised 1124 individuals in whom cIMT was measured by ultrasonography. Sample 2 included 162 drug-naïve hypertensive individuals in whom endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation were assessed by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. IGF-1 was determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. rs35767 polymorphism was screened using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS In sample 1, IGF-1 levels were higher in subjects carrying the T allele compared with CC carriers (178 ± 78 vs. 166 ± 60 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.007 adjusted for age, gender, and BMI). cIMT was lower in subjects carrying the T allele compared with CC carriers (0.71 ± 0.20 vs. 0.76 ± 0.22 mm, respectively; P < 0.0001 adjusted for age, gender, and BMI). In sample 2, maximally ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow was higher in subjects carrying the T allele compared with CC carriers (343 ± 191 vs. 281 ± 125%, respectively; P = 0.02 adjusted for age, gender, and BMI). CONCLUSION Subjects carrying the T allele exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating IGF-1, lower values of cIMT, and higher endothelium-dependent vasodilatation compared with CC carriers. These findings support the idea that IGF-1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Greco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Maria A Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
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Yousefzadeh G, Masoomi M, Emadzadeh A, Shahesmaeili A, Sheikhvatan M. The association of insulin-like growth factor-1 with severity of coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:416-20. [PMID: 23160066 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328358c7c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The E-domain region of mechano-growth factor inhibits cellular apoptosis and preserves cardiac function during myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 381:69-83. [PMID: 23712705 PMCID: PMC3720995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) isoforms are expressed via alternative splicing. Expression of the minor isoform IGF-1Eb [also known as mechano-growth factor (MGF)] is responsive to cell stress. Since IGF-1 isoforms differ in their E-domain regions, we are interested in determining the biological function of the MGF E-domain. To do so, a synthetic peptide analog was used to gain mechanistic insight into the actions of the E-domain. Treatment of H9c2 cells indicated a rapid cellular uptake mechanism that did not involve IGF-1 receptor activation but resulted in a nuclear localization. Peptide treatment inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in H9c2 cells subjected to cell stress with sorbitol by preventing the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. Therefore, we administered the peptide at the time of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. At 2 weeks post-MI cardiac function, gene expression and cell death were assayed. A significant decline in both systolic and diastolic function was evident in untreated mice based on PV loop analysis. Delivery of the E-peptide ameliorated the decline in function and resulted in significant preservation of cardiac contractility. Associated with these changes were an inhibition of pathologic hypertrophy and significantly fewer apoptotic nuclei in the viable myocardium of E-peptide-treated mice post-MI. We conclude that administration of the MGF E-domain peptide may provide a means of modulating local tissue IGF-1 autocrine/paracrine actions to preserve cardiac function, prevent cell death, and pathologic remodeling in the heart.
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Padilla S, Orive G, Sánchez M, Anitua E, Wasterlain AS, Dragoo JL. Causality in biology has to answer 2 main questions--which and how: letter to the editor. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:NP22-3. [PMID: 23636556 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513485062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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D. Williams S, Washington B. Alteration of Major Insulin Signaling Molecules by Chronic Ethanol in Hypertensive Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Rats. Cell 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2013.24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shioura K, Pena J, Goldspink P. Administration of a Synthetic Peptide Derived from the E-domain Region of Mechano-Growth Factor Delays Decompensation Following Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:1000169. [PMID: 25606570 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8602.1000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-1) isoforms differ structurally in their E-domain regions and their temporal expression profile in response to injury. We and others have reported that Mechano-growth factor (MGF), which is equivalent to human IGF-1c and rodent IGF-1Eb isoforms, is expressed acutely following myocardial infarction (MI) in the mouse heart. To examine the function of the E-domain region, we have used a stabilized synthetic peptide analog corresponding to the unique 24 amino acid region E-domain of MGF. Here we deliver the human MGF E-domain peptide to mice during the acute phase (within 12 hours) and the chronic phase (8 weeks) post-MI. We assessed the impact of peptide delivery on cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics by pressure-volume (P-V) loop analysis and gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. A significant decline in both systolic and diastolic hemodynamics accompanied by pathologic hypertrophy occurred by 10 weeks post-MI in the untreated group. Delivery of the E-domain peptide during the acute phase post-MI ameliorated the decline in hemodynamics, delayed decompensation but did not prevent pathologic hypertrophy. Delivery during the chronic phase post-MI significantly improved systolic function, predominantly due to the effects on vascular resistance and prevented decompensation. While pathologic hypertrophy persisted there was a significant decline in atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) expression in the E-domain peptide treated hearts. Taken together our data suggest that administration of the MGF E-domain peptide derived from the propeptide form of IGF-1Ec may be used to facilitate the actions of IGF-I produced by the tissue during the progression of heart failure to improve cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Shioura
- Department of Medicine/Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jr Pena
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ph Goldspink
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Puche JE, Castilla-Cortázar I. Human conditions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) deficiency. J Transl Med 2012; 10:224. [PMID: 23148873 PMCID: PMC3543345 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide hormone produced mainly by the liver in response to the endocrine GH stimulus, but it is also secreted by multiple tissues for autocrine/paracrine purposes. IGF-I is partly responsible for systemic GH activities although it possesses a wide number of own properties (anabolic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions). IGF-I is a closely regulated hormone. Consequently, its logical therapeutical applications seems to be limited to restore physiological circulating levels in order to recover the clinical consequences of IGF-I deficiency, conditions where, despite continuous discrepancies, IGF-I treatment has never been related to oncogenesis. Currently the best characterized conditions of IGF-I deficiency are Laron Syndrome, in children; liver cirrhosis, in adults; aging including age-related-cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and more recently, intrauterine growth restriction. The aim of this review is to summarize the increasing list of roles of IGF-I, both in physiological and pathological conditions, underlying that its potential therapeutical options seem to be limited to those proven states of local or systemic IGF-I deficiency as a replacement treatment, rather than increasing its level upper the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Puche
- Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), School of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inma Castilla-Cortázar
- Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), School of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. The emerging role of IGF-1 deficiency in cardiovascular aging: recent advances. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:599-610. [PMID: 22451468 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on cardiovascular protective effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, provides a landscape of molecular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular alterations in patients and animal models with congenital and adult-onset IGF-1 deficiency, and explores the link between age-related IGF-1 deficiency and the molecular, cellular, and functional changes that occur in the cardiovascular system during aging. Microvascular protection conferred by endocrine and paracrine IGF-1 signaling, its implications for the pathophysiology of cardiac failure and vascular cognitive impairment, and the role of impaired cellular stress resistance in cardiovascular aging considered here are based on emerging knowledge of the effects of IGF-1 on Nrf2-driven antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Akanji AO, Smith RJ. The insulin-like growth factor system, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease risk. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 10:3-13. [PMID: 22103319 DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a combination of metabolic and clinical features that aggregate in individuals and increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk considerably. It is believed, although sometimes controversially, that the underlying basis for this syndrome is insulin resistance (IR) and accompanying compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have significant homology and interact with differing affinity with the same receptors. Therefore, their actions can be complementary, and this becomes particularly significant clinico-pathologically when their circulating levels are altered. This review of currently available information attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Is there any evidence for changes in the components of the IGF system in individuals with established CVD or with increased CVD risk as with the metabolic syndrome? (2) What are the underlying mechanisms for interactions, if any, between insulin and the IGF system, in the genesis of CVD? (3) Can knowledge of the pathophysiological changes in the IGF system observed in macrosomic newborn infants and growth hormone (GH)-treated children and adults explain some of the observations in relation to the IGF system and the metabolic syndrome? (4) Can the experimental and clinical evidence adduced from the foregoing be useful in designing novel therapies for the prevention, treatment, and assignment of prognosis in metabolic syndrome-associated disease, particularly ischemic heart disease? To answer these questions, we have performed a literature review using bibliographies from PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar published within the last 10 years. We suggest that IGF-1 levels are reduced consistently in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and its components and in those with ischemic CVD. Such changes are also seen with GH deficiency in which these changes are partially reversible with GH treatment. Furthermore, changes are seen in levels and interactions of IGF-binding proteins in these disorders, and some of these changes appear to be independent of IGF-binding capability and could potentially impact on risk for the metabolic syndrome and CVD. The promising therapeutic implications of these observations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi O Akanji
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Abstract
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) plays a unique role in the cell protection of multiple systems, where its fine-tuned signal transduction helps to preserve tissues from hypoxia, ischaemia and oxidative stress, thus mediating functional homoeostatic adjustments. In contrast, its deprivation results in apoptosis and dysfunction. Many prospective epidemiological surveys have associated low IGF-1 levels with late mortality, MI (myocardial infarction), HF (heart failure) and diabetes. Interventional studies suggest that IGF-1 has anti-atherogenic actions, owing to its multifaceted impact on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. The metabolic ability of IGF-1 in coupling vasodilation with improved function plays a key role in these actions. The endothelial-protective, anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activities of IGF-1 exert critical effects in preventing both vascular damage and mechanisms that lead to unstable coronary plaques and syndromes. The pro-survival and anti-inflammatory short-term properties of IGF-1 appear to reduce infarct size and improve LV (left ventricular) remodelling after MI. An immune-modulatory ability, which is able to suppress 'friendly fire' and autoreactivity, is a proposed important additional mechanism explaining the anti-thrombotic and anti-remodelling activities of IGF-1. The concern of cancer risk raised by long-term therapy with IGF-1, however, deserves further study. In the present review, we discuss the large body of published evidence and review data on rhIGF-1 (recombinant human IGF-1) administration in cardiovascular disease and diabetes, with a focus on dosage and safety issues. Perhaps the time has come for the regenerative properties of IGF-1 to be assessed as a new pharmacological tool in cardiovascular medicine.
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Perkel D, Naghi J, Agarwal M, Morrissey RP, Phan A, Willix RD, Schwarz ER. The potential effects of IGF-1 and GH on patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 17:72-8. [PMID: 21454724 DOI: 10.1177/1074248411402078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an important health concern with almost a quarter million deaths each year despite advances in medical therapy. Improvement of cardiac function has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with HF. There has been recent interest in the growth hormone (GH) / insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway as a potential therapeutic target for patients with HF. Insulin-like growth factor 1 has been shown to augment cardiac function ex vivo and in animals. It was hypothesized that IGF-1/IGF-binding protein 3 levels might be able to provide prognostic benefits in patients with heart disease. Initial observational studies have shown significant benefits from GH supplementation including improved ejection fraction, increased exercise tolerance, and decreased New York Heart Association functional class. These results, however, were not replicated in randomized, controlled trials. Patients with advanced stages of HF might develop cachexia associated with a state of significant GH resistance. The lack of response to GH supplementation may be secondary to a deficiency in IGF-1, the effector hormone. Hypothetically, this group of patients could benefit from direct IGF-1 supplementation. Combined therapy with GH and IGF-1 is appealing; however, future trials in patients with advanced HF are warranted to prove this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perkel
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes diminishes ex vivo heart functional recovery after acute ischemia. Cardiovasc Pathol 2011; 21:17-27. [PMID: 21266309 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute insulin-like growth factor-1 administration has been shown to have beneficial effects in cardiac pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the structural and ex vivo functional impacts of long-term cardiomyocyte-specific insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in hearts of transgenic αMHC-IGF-1 Ea mice. METHODS Performance of isolated transgenic αMHC-IGF-1 Ea and littermate wild-type control hearts was compared under baseline conditions and in response to 20-min ischemic insult. Cardiac desmin and laminin expression patterns were determined histologically, and myocardial hydroxyproline was measured to assess collagen content. RESULTS Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 did not modify expression patterns of desmin or laminin but was associated with a pronounced increase (∼30%) in cardiac collagen content (from ∼3.7 to 4.8 μg/mg). Baseline myocardial contractile function and coronary flow were unaltered by insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression. In contrast to prior evidence of acute cardiac protection, insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression was associated with significant impairment of acute functional response to ischemia-reperfusion. Insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression did not modify ischemic contracture development, but postischemic diastolic dysfunction was aggravated (51±5 vs. 22±6 mmHg in nontransgenic littermates). Compared with wild-type control, recovery of pressure development and relaxation indices relative to baseline performance were significantly reduced in transgenic αMHC-IGF-1 Ea after 60-min reperfusion (34±7% vs. 62±7% recovery of +dP/dt; 35±11% vs. 57±8% recovery of -dP/dt). CONCLUSIONS Chronic insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression is associated with reduced functional recovery after acute ischemic insult. Collagen deposition is elevated in transgenic αMHC-IGF-1 Ea hearts, but there is no change in expression of the myocardial structural proteins desmin and laminin. These findings suggest that sustained cardiac elevation of insulin-like growth factor-1 may not be beneficial in the setting of an acute ischemic insult.
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The estimation of GC repeats in promoter P1 of IGF-1 gene and their influence on IGF-1 plasma levels in stable angina patients. Protein J 2011; 29:524-9. [PMID: 20872173 PMCID: PMC2951508 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are observed in advanced arteriosclerosis, but the reasons for these elevated levels remain unknown. One possibility to explain them is variation in the sequences that control IGF-1 gene expression. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of molecular variants of the IGF-1 P1 promoter on IGF-1 serum levels and to determine the impact of IGF-1 levels on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 101 consecutive patients undergoing routine angiography. Genomic DNA was isolated from the nucleated cells of the blood plasma as described (2). Based on the presence of conformational differences in the DNA strand and on the absence of single nucleotide polymorphisms, the DNA from 38 patients was further analyzed by the “allelic ladder” method to determine the number of repeated GC dinucleotides in the P1 promoter of the IGF-1 gene. In addition, we analyzed serum growth hormone levels in order to examine the effect on systemic IGF-1 synthesis. Results: Conformational differences in the P1 promoter of the IGF-1 gene were observed in 38 out of the 101 patients. Several genotypes, depending on the number of GC repeats, were observed (11/19,17/19,18/19,18/21,19/19,19/20,19/21). Interestingly, a family history of coronary artery disease was seen less often among individuals heterozygous for the GC repeats. A lower IGF-1 levels were seen in non-variant carriers (homozygous genotypes for 19 or 21 repeats of GC, or heterozygous genotype 19/21) when compared to the variant group (other heterozygous genotypes then 19/21) (181.6 ± 47.9 ng/mL vs. 227.7 ± 73.7, p = 0.026). A correlation between IGF-1, IGF-binding protein number 3, and growth hormone levels (p = ns) was not observed, and there were no significant differences in the growth hormone levels in the studied group of patients (p = ns).
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Succurro E, Arturi F, Grembiale A, Iorio F, Laino I, Andreozzi F, Sciacqua A, Hribal ML, Perticone F, Sesti G. Positive association between plasma IGF1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in adult nondiabetic subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:75-80. [PMID: 20356932 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low IGF1 levels have been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. It is unknown however whether IGF1 mediates the atherosclerotic process by modulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) independently from confounders. To address this issue, we evaluated the association between IGF1 levels and HDL-C in nondiabetic subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was used in the context of the CAtanzaro MEtabolic RIsk factors Study. One thousand and four participants (aged 20-69 years), for whom HDL-C and IGF1 measurements were available, were eligible for the study. RESULTS After adjusting for gender and age, IGF1 levels were positively correlated with HDL-C, and negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender, IGF1 in the lowest tertile (<125 ng/ml) was associated with an increased risk of having low HDL-C (odds ratio (OR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.0; P=4x10(-5)) compared with the highest tertile (>186 ng/ml). When BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA index were added to the model, IGF1 remained significantly associated with increased risk of low HDL-C (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.31; P=0.04). A stepwise multivariate regression analysis in a model including age, gender, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, IGF1, HOMA, and BP showed that the variables significantly associated with HDL-C were gender (P<0.0001), triglycerides (P<0.0001), total cholesterol (P<0.0001), BMI (P<0.0001), IGF1 levels (P<0.0001), and HOMA (P=0.001), accounting for 32.6% of its variation. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that IGF1 may be an independent modulator for HDL-C in nondiabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Succurro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna-Graecia of Catanzaro, Via Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Horowitz A. Imaging of growth factor-augmented angiogenesis after myocardial infarction: glimmers of a spatiotemporal pattern? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:1036-8. [PMID: 19913025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Szkodziński J, Romanowski W, Hudzik B, Kaszuba A, Nowakowska-Zajdel E, Szkilnik R, Pietrasińska B, Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska B. Effect of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitors on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in hypercholesterolemic patients. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:654-64. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abbas A, Grant PJ, Kearney MT. Role of IGF-1 in glucose regulation and cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6:1135-49. [PMID: 18793116 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.8.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IGF-1 is a peptide hormone that is expressed in most tissues. It shares significant structural and functional similarities with insulin, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Recombinant human IGF-1 has been used in Type 2 diabetes to improve insulin sensitivity and aid glycemic control. There is evidence supporting IGF-1 as a vascular protective factor and it may also be beneficial in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Further understanding of the effects of IGF-1 signaling in health and disease may lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroze Abbas
- BHF Clinical Research Fellow, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Ezzat VA, Duncan ER, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT. The role of IGF-I and its binding proteins in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10:198-211. [PMID: 18269635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have an excessive risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); this increased risk is not fully explained by traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemias. There is now compelling evidence to suggest that abnormalities of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and one of its binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), occur in insulin-resistant states and may be significant factors in the pathophysiology of CVD. We reviewed articles and relevant bibliographies following a systematic search of MEDLINE for English language articles between 1966 and the present, using an initial search strategy combining the MeSH terms: IGF, diabetes and CVD. Our aim was first to review the role of IGF-I in vascular homeostasis and to explore the mechanisms by which it may exert its effects. We also present an overview of the physiology of the IGF-binding proteins, and finally, we sought to summarize the evidence to date describing the changes in the insulin/IGF-I/IGFBP-1 axis that occur in type 2 diabetes and CVD; in particular, we have focused on the potential vasculoprotective effects of both IGF-I and IGFBP-1. We conclude that this system represents an interesting and novel therapeutic target in the prevention of CVD in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne A Ezzat
- Cardiovascular Division, The James Black Centre, Kings College London, Denmark Hill Campus, London, UK
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Yamaguchi H, Komamura K, Choraku M, Hirono A, Takamori N, Tamura K, Akaike M, Azuma H. Impact of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 on early prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. Intern Med 2008; 47:819-25. [PMID: 18451573 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research revealed that a low concentration of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with risks of myocardial infarction and heart failure. We hypothesized that the serum IGF-1 level affects clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined the impact of serum IGF-1 in acute phase of AMI on 90-day mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 54 patients with AMI, we measured serum total IGF-1 concentration on admission, in acute phase (1.9+/-0.5 days) and in chronic phase (28.5+/-6.7 days). We measured plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), glucose and insulin in acute phase, and calculated insulin resistance (HOMA-R). RESULTS Serum IGF-1 was 135.6+/-51.1 ng/ml on admission and significantly decreased to 105.5+/-42.2 ng/ml in acute phase, and then returned to baseline of 136.7+/-52.2 ng/ml in chronic phase. Five patients died of cardiac reasons within 90 days, all of whom had lower IGF-1 on admission and lower IGF-1 in acute phase than their median of 54 patients. Patients with the concentration of IGF-1 on admission below the median (<131 ng/ml) had significantly lower survival rate than those at or above the median (log-rank test p=0.0169). However, patients with BNP concentration at or above the median (> or =227 pg/ml) had a similar survival rate to those below the median (log-rank test p=0.6797). Multivariate analysis clarified that IGF-1 on admission was the sole independent predictor of 90-day mortality (p=0.007, risk ratio=0.927). CONCLUSION A low concentration of serum IGF-1 on admission was associated with a poor early prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.
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Abstract
As insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is present in the α granules of platelets and its receptor is expressed on the platelet surface, it may contribute to the amplification of platelet responses and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The functional and signaling pathways that are involved in IGF-1 modulation of platelet function, however, are presently unknown. Here, I report that IGF-1 stimulation of platelets results in dose-dependent phosphorylation of the IGF receptor in the range of 1 to 100 nM. Phosphorylation of the IGF receptor is rapid and sustained, with maximal phosphorylation reached within 1 minute. Furthermore, IGF-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 and their association with the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). IGF-1–stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and subsequent p85 binding is transient and precedes phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) on Ser473. PAR-1–mediated platelet aggregation is potentiated by IGF-1 and this potentiation, together with PKB phosphorylation, is abolished by the PI3Kα inhibitors PI-103 and PIK-75. Importantly, the IGF receptor inhibitor NVP-AEW541 and the neutralization antibody αIR3 inhibit SFLLRN-stimulated aggregation, implicating IGF-1 in autocrine regulation of platelet function. These results demonstrate that IGF-1 activates the IGF receptor/IRS/PI3K/PKB pathway, and that PI3Kα is essential for the potentiatory effect of IGF-1 on platelet responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Hers
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Bunda S, Liu P, Wang Y, Liu K, Hinek A. Aldosterone induces elastin production in cardiac fibroblasts through activation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in a mineralocorticoid receptor-independent manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:809-19. [PMID: 17724138 PMCID: PMC1959490 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone is known to regulate electrolyte homeostasis, but it may also contribute to other processes, including the maladaptive remodeling of postinfarct hearts. Because aldosterone has been implicated in the stimulation of collagen production in the heart, we investigated whether it would also affect elastin deposition in cultures of human cardiac fibroblasts. We first demonstrated that treatment with 1 to 50 nmol/L aldosterone leads to a significant increase in collagen type I mRNA levels and in subsequent collagen fiber deposition. Pretreatment of cells with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone, but not with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486, inhibited collagen synthesis in aldosterone-treated cultures. Most importantly, we demonstrated that aldosterone also increases elastin mRNA levels, tropoelastin synthesis, and elastic fiber deposition in a dose-dependent manner. Strikingly, neither spironolactone nor RU 486 eliminated aldosterone-induced increases in elastin production. We further discovered that the proelastogenic effect of aldosterone involves a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and that the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor kinase inhibitor AG1024 or an anti-insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-neutralizing antibody inhibits both insulin-like growth factor-I and aldosterone-induced elastogenesis. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that aldosterone, which stimulates collagen production through the mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway, also increases elastogenesis via a parallel mineralocorticoid receptor-independent pathway involving I insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Soeki T, Kishimoto I, Schwenke DO, Tokudome T, Horio T, Yoshida M, Hosoda H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin suppresses cardiac sympathetic activity and prevents early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 294:H426-32. [PMID: 18024547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A recent study suggests that exogenous ghrelin administration might decrease renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rabbits. In the present study, we investigated whether ghrelin administration would attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) via the suppression of cardiac sympathetic activity. Ghrelin (100 microg/kg sc, twice daily, n = 15) or saline (n = 15) were administered for 2 wk from the day after MI operation in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of ghrelin on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic, histopathological, and gene analysis. In addition, before and after ghrelin (100 microg/kg sc, n = 6) was administered in conscious rats with MI, the autonomic nervous function was investigated by power spectral analysis obtained by a telemetry system. In ghrelin-treated rats, LV enlargement induced by MI was significantly attenuated compared with saline-treated rats. In addition, there was a substantial decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure and increases in the peak rate of the rise and fall of LV pressure in ghrelin-treated MI rats compared with saline-treated MI rats. Furthermore, ghrelin attenuated an increase in morphometrical collagen volume fraction in the noninfarct region, which was accompanied by the suppression of collagen I and III mRNA levels. Importantly, a 2-wk administration of ghrelin dramatically suppressed the MI-induced increase in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentration to the similar levels as in sham-operated controls. Moreover, acute administration of ghrelin to MI rats decreased the ratio of the low-to-high frequency spectra of heart rate variability (P < 0.01). In conclusion, these data suggest the potential usefulness of ghrelin as a new cardioprotective hormone early after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Soeki
- National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Akanji AO, Suresh CG, Al-Radwan R, Fatania HR. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels in Arab subjects with coronary heart disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 67:553-9. [PMID: 17763192 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601173153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) and their binding protein (IGFBP-3) may be risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of the serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in Arab patients with established CHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of subjects were matched for age, gender, BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR): (i) CHD (n = 105), median age 51.0 (range 40.0-60.0) years; (ii) controls (n = 97) aged 49.0 (range 37.0-60.0) years. We measured fasting serum levels of glucose and lipoproteins (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, apo B), insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 and compared the results between groups. The effects of body mass and the metabolic syndrome (MS) on IGF levels were also examined, and linear correlations were sought between the various parameters. RESULTS The levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 were significantly lower (all p<0.01) for the CHD group than for the control group. These differences were not influenced by BMI or with the presence of MS. In CHD, there were no significant correlations between levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and age, BMI, WHR, lipoprotein concentrations and insulin sensitivity, although IGFBP-3 had weakly significant relationships with some of the lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP3 are reduced in male Arab patients with CHD, and did not appear influenced by traditional CHD risk factors such as age, BMI, insulin sensitivity and presence of MS. Perturbations in the IGF/IGFBP-3 axis may be potential additional targets for pharmacological manipulation in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Akanji
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Marini MA, Succurro E, Frontoni S, Hribal ML, Andreozzi F, Lauro R, Perticone F, Sesti G. Metabolically healthy but obese women have an intermediate cardiovascular risk profile between healthy nonobese women and obese insulin-resistant women. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2145-7. [PMID: 17507694 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Oh YS, Kim JH, Choi YS, Park HW, Lee DH, Shin WS, Youn HJ, Lee MY, Chung WS, Rho TH, Kim JH, Chen PS, Choi KB. Arrhythmogenic Gene Change and Nerve Sprouting after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice. Korean Circ J 2007. [DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2007.37.9.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seog Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Wook Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyoen Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Seung Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Sung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Rho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (MCF), USA
| | - Kyu-Bo Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Considerable hope has been vested in cell therapy strategies designed to augment the endogenous neovascularization response to obstructive coronary artery disease, and to replace cardiomyocyte loss caused by myocardial infarction. Conceptually, the relative importance of targeting angiogenesis versus myogenesis in this scheme will vary depending on the clinical context (the predominance of ischemia versus ventricular dysfunction and scarring). Although the evidence so far is encouraging, whether these processes can be effectively targeted in a selective fashion with cell therapy is still unclear. Intriguingly, data are now emerging suggesting that the beneficial effects of cardiac cell therapies in a variety of clinical settings may be accounted for by a greater interaction of angiogenesis, myocardial salvage and myogenesis than heretofore appreciated, and through mechanisms that may include both cellular and paracrine effects. Greater understanding of these mechanisms should accelerate the development of effective cell therapies for the growing number of patients with advanced, and in many cases 'no-option', cardiovascular disease. Possible clinical targets for angiogenic and myogenic cardiac cell therapy, the scientific rationale for this therapeutic approach and future directions in this field are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Doyle
- University College Cork, Biosciences Institute Rm 4.07, Cork, Ireland.
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Johansson GS, Arnqvist HJ. Insulin and IGF-I action on insulin receptors, IGF-I receptors, and hybrid insulin/IGF-I receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E1124-30. [PMID: 16803852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00565.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are known to affect cardiovascular disease. We have investigated ligand binding and the dose-response relationship for insulin and IGF-I on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) at the receptor level. VSMCs from rat thoracic aorta were serum starved, stimulated with IGF-I or insulin, lysed, immunoprecipitated, and analyzed by Western blot. d-[U-(14)C]Glucose accumulation and [6-(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA were also measured. Specific binding of both insulin and IGF-I was demonstrated, being higher for IGF-I. Both IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and insulin receptor (IR) beta-subunits were detected and coprecipitated after immunoprecipitation (IP) against either of the two. No coprecipitation was found after reduction of disulphide bonds with dithiotreitol before IP. After stimulation with 10(-10)-10(-9) M IGF-I, IP of the IGF-IR, or IR beta-subunit and immunoblot with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, we found two distinct bands indicating phosphorylation of both the IGF-IR and the IR beta-subunit. Stimulation with 10(-10)-10(-9) M insulin and IP against the IGF-IR did not show phosphorylation of either beta-subunit, whereas after IP of the IR we found phosphorylation of the IR beta-subunit. [(14)C]Glucose accumulation and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation were elevated in cells stimulated with IGF-I at 10(-10)-10(-7) M, reaching maximum by 10(-9) M. Insulin stimulation showed measurable effects only at supraphysiological concentrations, 10(-8)-10(-7) M. In conclusion, coprecipitation of both the IGF-IR and the IR beta-subunit indicates the presence of hybrid insulin/IGF-I receptors in VSMC. At a physiological concentration, insulin activates the IR but does not affect either glucose metabolism or DNA synthesis, whereas IGF-I both activates the receptor and elicits biological effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Carbon Radioisotopes
- Cells, Cultured
- Dimerization
- Glucose/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Ligands
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/chemistry
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Thymidine/pharmacokinetics
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- Git S Johansson
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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45
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Efstratiadis G, Tsiaousis G, Athyros VG, Karagianni D, Pavlitou-Tsiontsi A, Giannakou-Darda A, Manes C. Total serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome with or without diabetes. Angiology 2006; 57:303-11. [PMID: 16703190 DOI: 10.1177/000331970605700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There are only a few data on the relationship of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), implicated in glucose homeostasis, and C-reactive protein (CRP), a measure of subclinical systemic inflammation, in patients with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The authors investigated, in a cross-sectional design, the correlation between total IGF-1 and CRP in 170 subjects. Among them 123 had the MetS (National Cholesterol Program ATP III definition) and 47 did not, and 136 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 34 did not. Anthropometric variables, clinical characteristics, as well as laboratory measurements, including total IGF-1 and CRP, were recorded. CRP levels showed a significant negative correlation with total IGF-1 concentrations, both in the whole study population (r = -0.252, p = 0.001) and the MetS group (r = -0.203, p = 0.025), regardless of the presence of DM. This correlation remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, and waist circumference (r = -0.18, p = 0.05). Both low IGF-1 and high CRP levels had an almost linear relationship with the number of MetS components (p = 0.029 and p = 0.020, respectively), suggesting a close relationship of both variables with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk involved. The correlation between high CRP and low total IGF-1 might indicate that an increase in CRP levels may well be a key factor for the reduction in IGF-1 concentrations. Both factors are related to an increase in risk for MetS and CVD and this finding might have clinical implications in preventing or treating MetS, DM, and CVD. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, this finding should be confirmed by larger prospective and, it is hoped, interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Efstratiadis
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotelian University, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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46
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Oh YS, Jong AY, Kim DT, Li H, Wang C, Zemljic-Harpf A, Ross RS, Fishbein MC, Chen PS, Chen LS. Spatial distribution of nerve sprouting after myocardial infarction in mice. Heart Rhythm 2006; 3:728-36. [PMID: 16731479 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) elicits nerve sprouting. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of nerve sprouting and neurotrophic gene expression after MI. METHODS We created MI in mice by coronary artery ligation. The hearts were removed 3 hours to 2 months after MI and examined for nerve fiber density and neurotrophic factor gene expression using Affymetrix microarray and mRNA analyses. RESULTS The density of nerve fibers immunopositive for growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 was the highest 3 hours after MI both in the peri-infarct area and in the area remote to infarct, resulting in sympathetic (but not parasympathetic) hyperinnervation in the ventricles. The GAP-43-positive nerve fiber density of myocardium was greater in the outer transverse loop than in the inner vertical loop. The differences between these two myocardial loops peaked within 3 hours after MI and persisted for 2 months afterward. Gene expression of nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor-beta(3), and interleukin-1alpha was increased up to 2 months after MI compared with normal control. Expression of these growth factors was more pronounced and persistent in the peri-infarct area than in the remote area. CONCLUSION MI induces sympathetic nerve sprouting in both peri-infarct and remote areas, more in the outer transverse loop. Selective up-regulation of nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor-beta(3), and interleukin-1alpha occurred in the peri-infarct area and, to a lesser extent, in the remote area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seog Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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47
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Yazdanpanah M, Rietveld I, Janssen JAMJL, Njajou OT, Hofman A, Stijnen T, Pols HAP, Lamberts SWJ, Witteman JCM, van Duijn CM. An insulin-like growth factor-I promoter polymorphism is associated with increased mortality in subjects with myocardial infarction in an elderly Caucasian population. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:1274-6. [PMID: 16635594 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) promoter polymorphism is associated with excess mortality in elderly subjects with myocardial infarction (MI). This association was assessed in 7,983 subjects of the Rotterdam Study during 14 years of follow-up. Among 345 subjects who developed a MI, the risk of mortality was 1.49 times higher in the variant carriers of the IGF-I promoter polymorphism than in the nonvariant carriers (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.10, p = 0.02). The risk of death increased with the number of variant alleles. Our study suggests that genetically determined low IGF-I activity is an important determinant of mortality in subjects with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Conti E, Carrozza C, Capoluongo E, Volpe M, Crea F, Zuppi C, Andreotti F. Insulin-like growth factor-1 as a vascular protective factor. Circulation 2005; 110:2260-5. [PMID: 15477425 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000144309.87183.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Conti
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University, Medical School, Via Todi 60, 00181 Rome, Italy.
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49
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Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), the primary mediator of growth hormone (GH) effects, is an important regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. GH and IGF-I deficiency is known to be associated with premature atherosclerosis and elevated cardiovascular disease mortality. Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease risk may also be elevated among apparently healthy individuals who have serum IGF-I levels in the low-normal range. In this review, we appraise the epidemiologic and clinical studies implicating low IGF-I level as a risk factor for incident myocardial infarction and other manifestations of coronary heart disease. Potential mechanisms that may underlie this association include beneficial effects of IGF-I on myocyte survival after ischemia, stability of atherosclerotic lesions, and endothelial function. We conclude that additional confirmatory data from prospective studies are needed to confirm low IGF-I level as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. However, if this finding is confirmed, this would support the rationale for intervention trials aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality among older adults by targeting the GH/IGF-I pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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50
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Sesti G, Sciacqua A, Cardellini M, Marini MA, Maio R, Vatrano M, Succurro E, Lauro R, Federici M, Perticone F. Plasma concentration of IGF-I is independently associated with insulin sensitivity in subjects with different degrees of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:120-5. [PMID: 15616244 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the relationships between plasma IGF-I concentrations and insulin sensitivity in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 357 nondiabetic subjects, 54 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and 98 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects, were consecutively recruited, and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were collected. RESULTS IGF-I concentrations were negatively correlated with age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. IGF-I concentrations were positively correlated with HDL cholesterol and homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S). The correlations remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, and BMI. Correlations for HOMA-S with these metabolic and anthropometric variables were of a similar degree and direction to those for IGF-I concentrations. Stepwise linear regression analysis in a model, which included well-known modulators of insulin sensitivity such as sex, age, BMI, glucose tolerance status, family history of diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, revealed that IGF-I concentrations were independently associated with insulin sensitivity accounting for 10.8% of its variation (P < 0.0001). IGF-I concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined metabolic syndrome compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that each unit increase in log-transformed IGF-I concentrations was associated with a 90.5% reduction in the risk of WHO-defined metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that IGF-I has the characteristics to be a marker for the insulin resistance syndrome. This suggests that low IGF-I levels may be a useful marker for identifying subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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