1
|
Dicks LMT. Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4431. [PMID: 38674014 PMCID: PMC11050607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With genetic information gained from next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it is now possible to select for genes that encode reporter molecules that may be used to detect abnormalities such as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), cancer, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabesity, and ischemic stroke (IS). This, however, requires a thorough understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), the effect diets have on the selection of gut microbiota, conditions that influence the expression of microbial genes, and human physiology. Bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a major role in gut homeostasis, maintain intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and regulate the immune system, neurological, and endocrine functions. Changes in butyrate levels may serve as an early warning of colon cancer. Other cancer-reporting molecules are colibactin, a genotoxin produced by polyketide synthetase-positive Escherichia coli strains, and spermine oxidase (SMO). Increased butyrate levels are also associated with inflammation and impaired cognition. Dysbiosis may lead to increased production of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OX-LDLs), known to restrict blood vessels and cause hypertension. Sudden changes in SCFA levels may also serve as a warning of IS. Early signs of ARLD may be detected by an increase in regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3G), which is associated with changes in the secretion of mucin-2 (Muc2). Pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, interferons, and TNF may serve as early reporters of MS. Other examples of microbial enzymes and metabolites that may be used as reporters in the early detection of life-threatening diseases are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin CY, Omoscharka E, Liu Y, Cheng K. Establishment of a Rat Model of Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis with Simulated Human Drinking Patterns and Low-Dose Chemical Stimulation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1293. [PMID: 37759693 PMCID: PMC10526499 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is a well-known causal factor associated with liver diseases, challenges remain in inducing liver fibrosis in experimental rodent models. These challenges include rodents' natural aversion to high concentrations of alcohol, rapid alcohol metabolism, the need for a prolonged duration of alcohol administration, and technical difficulties. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an experimental model that can replicate the features of alcoholic liver fibrosis. The objective of this study was to develop a feasible rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that emulates human drinking patterns and combines low-dose chemicals within a relatively short time frame. We successfully developed an 8-week rat model of alcoholic liver fibrosis that mimics chronic and heavy drinking patterns. Rats were fed with a control liquid diet, an alcohol liquid diet, or alcohol liquid diet combined with multiple binges via oral gavage. To accelerate the progression of alcoholic liver fibrosis, we introduced low-dose carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) through intraperitoneal injection. This model allows researchers to efficiently evaluate potential therapeutics in preclinical studies of alcoholic liver fibrosis within a reasonable time frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Evanthia Omoscharka
- Department of Pathology, University Health/Truman Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatty Liver Disease-Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic: Similar but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416226. [PMID: 36555867 PMCID: PMC9783455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there are abnormal accumulations of fat in the liver. This phenomenon may be related to excessive alcohol consumption, as well as the combination of alcohol consumption and medications. There is an evolution from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic pathology is very similar regarding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ALD. Initially, there is lipid accumulation in parenchyma and progression to lobular inflammation. The morphological changes in the liver mitochondria, perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning, apoptosis and necrosis and accumulation of fibrosis may lead to the development of cirrhosis and HCC. Medical history of ethanol consumption, laboratory markers of chronic ethanol intake, AST/ALT ratio on the one hand and features of the metabolic syndrome on the other hand, may help in estimating the contribution of alcohol intake and the metabolic syndrome, respectively, to liver steatosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Algburi AF, Dursun I, Garip Ustaoglu S. The investigation of the effects of postnatal alcohol exposure on molecular content and antioxidant capacity of mice liver tissue. Life Sci 2022; 310:121102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Chauhan S, Zackria R, Mukhopadhyay DK. Autoimmune Hepatitis in the Setting of Iron Overload Secondary to Heterozygous HFE Gene Mutation. Cureus 2022; 14:e27614. [PMID: 36059344 PMCID: PMC9436270 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory condition of the liver that is characterized by high titers of certain autoantibodies in the serum. As in other chronic inflammatory conditions, the transferrin saturation in patients with AIH is typically low. However, in rare instances, AIH has been reported to be associated with elevated transferrin saturation secondary to heterozygous HFE gene (H63D) mutation. This report describes one such case in which the patient had characteristic histopathologic findings of AIH but was also found to have iron overload and heterozygous H63D mutation on genetic testing, leading to the initial dual differential diagnosis of AIH and hemochromatosis, which highlighted the further need of obtaining a liver biopsy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sullivan MK, Daher HB, Rockey DC. Normal or near normal aminotransferase levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Am J Med Sci 2022; 363:484-489. [PMID: 34619146 PMCID: PMC10860165 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease is caused by excessive alcohol consumption that results in an inflammatory response and fibrosis. We have recognized that patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often have unremarkable liver enzyme values. METHODS In this retrospective cohort analysis, we identified consecutive patients with documented alcoholic cirrhosis at an academic medical center who were admitted between January 1 2016 and December 1 2018. We examined clinical outcomes of patients as a function of whether the aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was normal or abnormal. Likelihood chi-square analyses were utilized for group comparisons and t-tests were used for numerical data. RESULTS In the cohort of 78 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (age 55, 26-75; 58% male) 70 had a normal ALT and 12 had a normal AST. The average AST for all patients was 59 ± 34 U/L (ULN = 35 U/L), and the average ALT was 27 ± 13 U/L (ULN = 45 U/L). The average INR was 1.5 ± 0.5 and total bilirubin was 3.7 ± 4.9 mg/dL, and 20 patients had a normal bilirubin level, including only one with an abnormal ALT level. The average model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 19 ± 8 and 32% of patients died during the follow-up time period of 5 months. Decompensating events were identified in 78 (100%) patients. There was no correlation between complications or death and aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSIONS Aminotransferase levels are often unremarkable in patients with alcohol related cirrhosis and bear no relationship to clinical events or outcomes. Clinicians should be cautious when interpreting aminotransferases in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Sullivan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Halim Bou Daher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Don C Rockey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Digestive Disease Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu C, Xing X, Liu G, Su D, Li A, Gui S, Lu W, Liang J. Effects of Nongxiangxing baijiu (Chinese liquor) on mild alcoholic liver injury revealed by non-target metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:62-69. [PMID: 35597723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nongxiangxing baijiu (Chinese liquor) is one of the most widely consumed beverages in China. This liquor has been shown to contain large quantities of various bioactive ingredients that are beneficial to health. The goals of the present study were to examine the effects of moderate dose Nongxiangxing baijiu on alcoholic liver injury in rats, and to explore the mechanism of action of Nongxiangxing baijiu on alcoholic liver injury. To accomplish these goals, we developed a metabolomic analysis method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. Our serum lipid and hepatic histopathology results demonstrate that ethanol administration induced mild alcoholic liver injury in rats. However, these ethanol-induced changes were significantly alleviated in the Nongxiangxing baijiu group. These results suggest that moderate dose Nongxiangxing baijiu might have a preventive effect on mild alcoholic liver injury. Using our metabolomics method, we were able to identify 45 differential metabolites in serum and urine which could be used to characterize mild alcoholic liver injury in rats. Of these, 15 differential metabolites, including four Lysophosphatidylethanolamines, two phosphatidylcholines, four long-chain fatty acids, one porphyrin, two esters, one ceramide, and one triol, were regulated by Nongxiangxing baijiu. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the main metabolic pathway regulated by Nongxiangxing baijiu was the glycerolipid pathway. Together, these findings provide evidence that moderate dose Nongxiangxing baijiu can reduce mild alcoholic liver injury (including metabolic disorders). Our study also provides preliminary data on the mechanism of action of Nongxiangxing baijiu in liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Wu
- Anhui Gujing Gongjiu Co. Ltd., Bozhou, 236820 Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- Anhui Gujing Gongjiu Co. Ltd., Bozhou, 236820 Anhui, China
| | - Die Su
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Anjun Li
- Anhui Gujing Gongjiu Co. Ltd., Bozhou, 236820 Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230021, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Anhui Gujing Gongjiu Co. Ltd., Bozhou, 236820 Anhui, China
| | - Juan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chandler JA, Innocent LV, Martinez DJ, Huang IL, Yang JL, Eisen MB, Ludington WB. Microbiome-by-ethanol interactions impact Drosophila melanogaster fitness, physiology, and behavior. iScience 2022; 25:104000. [PMID: 35313693 PMCID: PMC8933687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota can affect how animals respond to ingested toxins, such as ethanol, which is prevalent in the diets of diverse animals and often leads to negative health outcomes in humans. Ethanol is a complex dietary factor because it acts as a toxin, behavioral manipulator, and nutritional source, with both direct effects on the host as well as indirect ones through the microbiome. Here, we developed a model for chronic, non-intoxicating ethanol ingestion in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and paired this with the tractability of the fly gut microbiota, which can be experimentally removed. We linked numerous physiological, behavioral, and transcriptional variables to fly fitness, including a combination of intestinal barrier integrity, stored triglyceride levels, feeding behavior, and the immunodeficiency pathway. Our results reveal a complex tradeoff between lifespan and fecundity that is microbiome-dependent and modulated by dietary ethanol and feeding behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Angus Chandler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lina Victoria Innocent
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Isaac Li Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jane Lani Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Bruce Eisen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - William Basil Ludington
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmad SB, Rashid SM, Wali AF, Ali S, Rehman MU, Maqbool MT, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Siddiqui N. Myricetin (3,3 ',4 ',5,5 ',7-hexahydroxyflavone) prevents ethanol-induced biochemical and inflammatory damage in the liver of Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211066843. [PMID: 35156864 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211066843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of myricetin in ethanol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats. Research Design: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups with six animals per group. Group-I animals were administered with vehicle (distilled water), Group II, III, and IV were treated orally with sequential (per week) increase in the dose of ethanol (5, 8, 10, and 12 g/kg b wt per week in each group) for 28 days. Myricetin was treated orally to Group-III and IV animals at the respective doses of 25 mg/kg b wt. and 50 mg/kg b wt. Results: Our results showed that myricetin prevented hepatotoxicity by modulating the production of free radicals, ethanol metabolizing enzymes, and inflammatory markers in vivo. Myricetin also helped maintain lipid membrane integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status, and histoarchitecture. Ethanol administration caused elevation in XO, ADH, and CYP2E1 in hepatic tissue, which significantly normalized with myricetin administration. After ethanol administration, there was a steep increase in the hepatotoxicity biomarkers, including ALT, MDA, and AST. The level of cytotoxicity marker LDH also increased after ethanol administration; myricetin administration decreased the level of all these markers. Moreover, myricetin treatment also reduced ethanol-induced inflammatory markers such as NF-κB and IL-6. Conclusion: Findings from the current study demonstrate that myricetin administration prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury by influencing the metabolism of ethanol, inhibiting oxidative stress, maintaining lipid profile, and suppressing inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shahzada Mudaisr Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 77177SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 286661RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Shafat Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, (GMC-Srinagar), KaranNagar Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Tahir Maqbool
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, 8083University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, 77282Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amidon RF, Ordookhanian C, Liu ED, Abdallah O, Kaloostian P. A Hematological Travesty in the Setting of Alcohol Use Disorder and Liver Cirrhosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e19096. [PMID: 34858749 PMCID: PMC8614183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption is associated with an increased risk of developing health complications, especially in individuals with pre-existing thrombocytopenia and cirrhosis. Here, we describe a case of a patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis, hypertension, and thrombocytopenia, presenting with significant decline following an incidence of binge drinking. Radiography identified a large non-lobar intraparenchymal hemorrhage. However, due to severe thrombocytopenia that was unresponsive to platelet therapy, the possibility of pursuing any form of surgical intervention was negated. Surgical contraindication and a lack of response to subsequent medical management contributed to the family’s decision to opt for conservative medical treatment and comfort care. This case showcases the potential for liver cirrhosis in the setting of chronic alcohol use disorder to pave the way for terminal intracerebral hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Amidon
- Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth D Liu
- Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
| | - Omar Abdallah
- Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
| | - Paul Kaloostian
- Neurological Surgery, Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, USA.,Neurological Surgery, Paul Kaloostian M.D. Inc., Riverside, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim SH, Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim BK, Baek SS. Study on the pathogenesis of liver injury caused by alcohol and drugs. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:319-323. [PMID: 34805020 PMCID: PMC8566101 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142530.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, alcohol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) were administered to experimental mice. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations, and collagen type 1alpha (COL-1A) and fibronectin expressions were measured to evaluate pathophysiology of liver injury. Levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment, but it was not statistically significant. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly enhanced by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly enhanced concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant. COL-1A and fibronectin expressions were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Baek
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kabwama SN, Matovu JK, Ssenkusu JM, Ssekamatte T, Wanyenze RK. Alcohol use and associated factors among adolescent boys and young men in Kampala, Uganda. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2021; 16:49. [PMID: 34107981 PMCID: PMC8191098 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use leads to about 3 million deaths globally. The alcohol industry employs marketing strategies to establish their brands in the lives of young people at a time when addictive behaviors are initiated and reinforced. We conducted a survey among adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors using the Health Belief Model as the guiding framework. METHODS The study was conducted among ABYM in- or out-of-school aged 10-24 years in Kampala, Uganda. We used questions adopted from the Global School-based Student Health Survey and the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance questionnaire to collect data. The outcome of interest was alcohol use within 30 days before the interview. We also asked about characteristics such as alcohol use by siblings, parents/ guardians, school status among others. We used odds ratios obtained via a logistic regression model as the measure of association. RESULTS A total of 2500 ABYM participated, of which 262 (10.5 %, 95 %CI 9.3-11.7) had consumed alcohol within 30 days before the interview. Out-of-school ABYM had higher odds of consuming alcohol compared with their in-school counterparts AOR 1.55 (95 %CI 1.09-2.20). Compared with ABYM whose parents/ guardians did not drink alcohol, ABYM whose both parents consumed alcohol had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.24 (95 %CI 1.38-3.64) as were those with only a mother or female guardian who consumed alcohol AOR 1.95 (95 %CI 1.11-3.41). ABYM with siblings that drink alcohol had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.25 (95 %CI 1.80-3.52). ABYM who possessed items with an alcohol brand logo had higher odds of consuming alcohol AOR 2.00 (95 %CI 1.33-3.01). CONCLUSIONS There are significant levels of alcohol consumption among ABYM which calls for evidence-based measures targeting this age group to reduce consumption and recognizing the role of the family, school and community in prevention and promotion of use. There is need to regulate alcohol marketing and ensuring availability of alcohol dependence treatment services that build confidence among youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ndugwa Kabwama
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Joseph Kb Matovu
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mbale, Uganda
| | - John M Ssenkusu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
People with alcohol-associated liver disease often take medicines to manage complications of liver disease and comorbidities. However, patients may be at increased risk of drug-related harm Assessing the severity of liver disease is fundamental to management, as disease staging (steatosis, early fibrosis, cirrhosis) affects medication safety and guides treatment While clinically significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes predominantly occur in cirrhosis, people with early alcohol-associated liver disease may still experience adverse events with potentially inappropriate medicines such as proton pump inhibitors, opioids and benzodiazepines Regular medication review is essential to ensure ongoing appropriateness and safety Alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis require specialist gastroenterology or hepatology management. However, general practitioners will remain the cornerstone of day-to-day medication management
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Johnson
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane
| | - Kelly L Hayward
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thapa K, Grewal AS, Kanojia N, Rani L, Sharma N, Singh S. Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases: Promising Molecular Drug Targets and their Clinical Development. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:333-353. [PMID: 31965945 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200121143959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases have become a serious concern worldwide. Both these liver diseases have an identical pathology, starting from simple steatosis to cirrhosis and, ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment options for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are still the same as they were 50 years ago which include corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, antioxidants, nutritional support and abstinence; and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), weight loss, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering agents and anti-oxidants are the only treatment options. Despite broad research in understanding the disease pathophysiology, limited treatments are available for clinical use. Some therapeutic strategies based on targeting a specific molecule have been developed to lessen the consequences of disease and are under clinical investigation. Therefore, focus on multiple molecular targets will help develop an efficient therapeutic strategy. This review comprises a brief overview of the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD; recent molecular drug targets explored for ALD and NAFLD that may prove to be effective for multiple therapeutic regimens and also the clinical status of these promising drug targets for liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong X, Cui P, Jiang J, Ning C, Liang B, Zhou J, Tian L, Zhang Y, Lei T, Zuo T, Ye L, Huang J, Chen H. Streptococcus, the Predominant Bacterium to Predict the Severity of Liver Injury in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:649060. [PMID: 33816353 PMCID: PMC8010180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New evidence implies that the imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and that the composition of gut microbiota is altered in ALD patients. However, the predominant bacterium in patients involved in the progress of ALD has not been identified. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predominant bacterium in the early and end-stages of ALD as well as the relationship between the bacterium and the degree of liver injury. Methods We enrolled 21 alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) patients, 17 alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) patients and 27 healthy controls, and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene of their fecal microbiota. The gut microbiota composition and its relationship with the indicators of clinical hepatic function were assessed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), spearman correlation heatmap and multivariate association with linear (MaAsLin) Models. Results The composition and structure of gut microbiota changed greatly in different stages of ALD, and the degree of disorder was aggravated with the progression of ALD, even in the early stage. Moreover, the relative abundance of Streptococcus was highly enriched only in patients with ALC (P <0.001), and positively correlated with AST level (P = 0.029). The abundance of Streptococcus distinguished the liver injury of ALC patients from the controls with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.877 (P < 0.001). Conclusions These findings indicate that the imbalance of gut microbiota exists at the early and end-stages of ALD, and the degree of disorder is aggravated with the progression of ALD. Streptococcus, as the predominant bacterium, may be a microbiological marker to evaluate the severity of liver injury in ALD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhong
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Taiping Zuo
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Geriatrics Digestion Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma T, Li Y, Zhu Y, Jiang S, Cheng C, Peng Z, Xu L. Differential Metabolic Pathways and Metabolites in a C57BL/6J Mouse Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924602. [PMID: 32384076 PMCID: PMC7236594 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), an important cause of acute or chronic liver injury, results from binge drinking or long-term alcohol consumption. To date, there is no well-established mouse model with a comprehensive metabolic profile that mimics ALD in humans. This study aimed to explore the differential metabolic pathways and related differential metabolites in the liver of an ALD mouse model. Material/Methods A C57BL/6J mouse model of ALD was induced by alcohol feeding for 10 days plus binge alcohol feeding. The metabolomic profiles in the liver of the ALD mouse model was detected through ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Results A total 35 metabolites were significantly altered during the development of ALD. These metabolites were correlated to multiple metabolic pathways, including purine metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, cysteine and methionine metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. Conclusions The findings of the present study reveal potential biomarkers of ALD, and provide further insights into the pathogenesis of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Shuling Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng H, Zhu J, Shan J, Ouyang X, Yang H, Wei R, Zeng J. Involvement of toll-like receptor 2/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B/NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 signaling pathways in the hepatoprotective effect of Lagotis brachystachys in rats with alcoholic liver disease. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_557_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
18
|
Lei P, Zhang P, Xu H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang P, Duan Q, Liu J, Zhou S, Qian W, Jiao J. Diagnostic performance on multiple parameters of real-time ultrasound shear wave elastography for evaluating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A rabbit model. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 32925160 DOI: 10.3233/xst-200676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the diagnostic value of real-time ultrasound shear wave elastography (US-SWE) in evaluating the histological stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one 8-week-old rabbits were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (experimental groups), and seven rabbits were fed a standard diet (control group). All rabbits underwent real-time US-SWE at various time points to document the histological stages of NAFLD. We categorized the histological stages as normal, NAFL, borderline nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH. We measured the elastic modulus of the liver parenchyma and analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of real-time US-SWE using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the four histological stages. RESULTS The mean, minimum, and maximum elastic modulus increase for NAFL, borderline NASH, and NASH. For the mean, minimum, and maximum elastic modulus, AUCs are 0.891 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.716-0.977), 0.867 (95% CI: 0.686-0.965), and 0.789 (95% CI:0.594-0.919) for differentiating normal liver from liver with NAFLD, respectively; AUCs are 0.846 (95% CI: 0.660-0.954), 0.818 (95% CI: 0.627-0.937), and 0.797 (95% CI:0.627-0.913) for differentiating normal liver or liver with NAFL from liver with borderline NASH or NASH, respectively; AUCs are 0.889 (95% CI: 0.713-0.976), 0.787 (95% CI: 0.591-0.918), and 0.895 (95% CI:0.720-0.978) for differentiating liver with NASH from liver with lower severity NAFLD or normal liver, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Real-time US-SWE is an accurate, noninvasive technique for evaluating the histological stages of NAFLD by measuring liver stiffness. We recommend using the mean elastic modulus to differentiate the histological stages, with the minimum and maximum elastic modulus as valuable complements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Lei
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Piaochen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tungwah Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hengtian Xu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qianijao Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pingxian Wang
- Department of Medical Insurance, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinghong Duan
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of autophagy in alcohol and drug-induced liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111075. [PMID: 31877367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are common causes of severe liver disease, and successful treatments are lacking. Autophagy plays a protective role in both ALD and DILI by selectively removing damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), protein aggregates and adducts in hepatocytes. Autophagy also protects against ALD by degrading interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and damaged mitochondria in hepatic macrophages. Specifically, we will discuss selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and lipid droplets in hepatocytes and autophagy-mediated degradation of IRF1 in hepatic macrophages as protective mechanisms against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. In addition, selective autophagy for removal of damaged mitochondria and protein adducts for protection against DILI is discussed in this review. Development of new therapeutics for ALD and DILI is greatly needed, and selective autophagy pathways may provide promising targets. Drug and alcohol effects on autophagy regulation as well as protective mechanisms of autophagy against DILI and ALD are highlighted in this review.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye M, Xu M, Ji C, Ji J, Ji F, Wei W, Yang S, Zhou B. Alterations in the Transcriptional Profile of the Liver Tissue and the Therapeutic Effects of Propolis Extracts in Alcohol-induced Steatosis in Rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180646. [PMID: 31411259 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) on alcohol-induced liver steatosis were investigated in Wistar rats. Chronic alcoholic fatty liver was induced by administration of 52% alcohol to male Wistar rats at the dose of 1% body weight for 7 weeks. Then animals were simultaneously treated with 50% ethanol solutions of EEP or normal saline at the dose of 0.1% body weight for 4 further weeks. Serological analyses and liver histopathology studies were performed to investigate the development of steatosis. Microarray analysis was conducted to investigate the alterations of hepatic gene expression profiling. Our results showed that 4-week treatment of EEP helped to restore the levels of various blood indices, liver function enzymes and the histopathology of liver tissue to normal levels. Results from the microarray analysis revealed that the hepatic expressions of genes involved in lipogenesis were significantly down-regulated by EEP treatment, while the transcriptional expressions of functional genes participating in fatty acids oxidation were markedly increased. The ability of EEP to reduce the negative effects of alcohol on liver makes propolis a potential natural product for the alternative treatment of alcoholic fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manhong Ye
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fubiao Ji
- Fubiao Biotech Co., Ltd., Huai-an 211799, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Yan Y, Yi X, Duan Y, Wang J, Li S, Luo L, Huang T, Inglis B, Li X, Ji W, Tan T, Si W. Histopathological Features and Composition of Gut Microbiota in Rhesus Monkey of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:165. [PMID: 30800107 PMCID: PMC6375900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced chronic liver disease (ALD) is becoming the most common liver disease in the world. However, there are no effective, universally accepted therapies for ALD. The etiology of ALD remains blurry so far. Historical evidence has demonstrated a link between the liver and gut microbiota. But it is difficult to distinguish the effect of gut microbiota changes caused by alcohol consumption in humans since the microbiota change detected in humans is complicated by diet and environmental factors. Due to the genetic, physiological, metabolic, and behavioral similarities to humans, the rhesus monkey provides excellent translational validity in preclinical studies, and the diet and environmental conditions can be controlled well in rhesus monkey. In our study, we explored the relationship between ALD and the gut microbiome in the rhesus monkeys with alcoholic liver steatosis. Our results showed that there was a change of the bacterial community structure in monkeys with ALD. Differences of the relative abundances of gut microbiota at phylum, order, family, genus, and species levels were observed between control monkeys and monkeys with ALD, and different pathways enriched in the monkeys with ALD were identified by metagenomic function analysis. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia tended to increase whereas Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in the fecal microbiota of ALD group compared to the control group. Lactobacillales and Lactobacillus significantly decreased in ALD monkeys compared with normal monkeys, Streptococcus was lower in the ALD group compared with the control group. The non-human primate model of ALD will be useful for exploration of the microbiome markers as diagnosis and potentially prognosis for ALD. The ALD model will benefit the development of new therapeutic procedures for treating ALD and provide safety and efficacy evaluation for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatic and Bile Duct Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lilin Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tianzhuang Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Briauna Inglis
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lei P, Jiao J, Li H, Wang P, Duan Q, Liu J, Zhou S, Wei Q, Wang X. NAFLD evaluation: Which is more appropriate, multislice computed tomography or ultrasound real-time shear wave elastography? JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 27:871-883. [PMID: 31256111 DOI: 10.3233/xst-190502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the value of ultrasound real-time shear wave elastography (US-SWE) for evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rabbit model compared with multislice computed tomography (MSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six rabbits were fed with high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and six rabbits were fed with a standard diet. All rabbits were performed with MSCT and US-SWE at various time points to measure changes in liver parenchyma. The diagnostic efficiency of US-SWE was analyzed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves compared with MSCT based on the liver pathology. RESULTS The statistically significant differences in the areas under the ROC curves between using MSCT and US-SWE modalities were detected to discriminate between normal vs. NAFLD or higher severity pathology. Similarly, for normal or NAFLD vs. borderline or NASH livers, statistically significant differences between using US-SWE and MSCT modalities were also detected for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) vs. lower severity pathology. CONCLUSIONS MSCT, but not US-SWE, had a better ability to differentiate normal or NAFLD livers from higher severity NAFLD livers. However, the diagnostic efficiency of US-SWE was superior to that of MSCT for differentiating NASH from normal or lower severity NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Lei
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingxian Wang
- Department of Medical Insurance, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinghong Duan
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei X, Gao DF, Abe Y, Tanaka Y, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Triterpenoid saponins with hepatoprotective effects from the fresh leaves of Metapanax delavayi. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1373-1379. [PMID: 30445878 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1512987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The fresh leaves of Metapanax delavayi (Araliaceae) have been used as a common wild vegetable for salad and soup, and also herbal tea by the local people living in its growing areas of Yunnan province, China. Detailed chemical investigation led to the identification of a new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28,29-dioic acid (1) from the fresh leaves, together with 11 known compounds, including six triterpenoid saponins (2-7), two caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (8-9), and three flavonoid glycosides (10-12). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and acidic hydrolysis. Compounds 3-5 and 8-12 were isolated from M. delavayi for the first time. Moreover, the known saponins 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-3β-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28,29-dioic acid (3) and yiyeliangwanoside IV (5) exhibited protective effects on HepG2 cells damaged by the alcohol intakes, at a concentration of 1.0 µg/mL. The results indicated M. delavayi is an ideal dietary vegetable and herbal tea with potential hepatoprotective activity.[Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Guiyang University of Chinese medicine, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuko Abe
- Research and Development Center, Asahi Breweries, LTD, Moriya, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Research and Development Center, Asahi Breweries, LTD, Moriya, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fu X, Zhong Z, Hu F, Zhang Y, Li C, Yan P, Feng L, Shen J, Huang B. The protective effects of selenium-enriched Spirulina platensis on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:3155-3165. [PMID: 29862408 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of selenium-enriched Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Selenium incubation raises the nutrition quality of S. platensis by absorption enhancement of functional elements. Our results demonstrated that the effective dose of selenium-enriched S. platensis on HL7702 cells treated with alcohol was 200 μg ml-1, containing 20% selenium. Selenium-enriched S. platensis could raise the cell survival rate by decreasing the expression of p53, Caspase3, LC3, and Caspase1 and by increasing the expression of p70s6k. In vivo experiments, where mice were pretreated with selenium-enriched S. platensis, exhibited obvious inhibition of the liver function index and this pretreatment enhanced the activity of GSH-Px and SOD in alcohol induced mice. In summary, our results indicate that the protective mechanism of selenium-enriched S. platensis on chronic alcoholic liver injury is associated with the activity enhancement of antioxidant enzymes and immunity, the inhibition of DNA damage and apoptosis, accompanied with autophagy and pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- School of life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601 China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effects of Enzyme-Extracted Oudemansiella radiata Polysaccharides on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020481. [PMID: 29473842 PMCID: PMC6017660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was to examine the antioxidation in vitro and hepatoprotective effects of enzyme-extracted Oudemansiella radiata polysaccharides (En-OPS) on alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. The antioxidant activities were determined according to the scavenging effects of En-OPS on hydroxyl, superoxide, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and the level of reducing power. En-OPS showed hepatoprotective activities on decreasing the serum levels of aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alamine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as hepatic lipid levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerols (TG). En-OPS treatment reversed the acute impairment induced by alcohol consumption, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MAD), and lipid peroxide (LPO) elevation; and superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxide (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) impairment. The En-OPS effectively ameliorated alcohol metabolism by activating alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and reducing cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) levels. Furthermore, the histopathological observations also displayed that En-OPS could alleviate liver damage. These results indicated that En-OPS could be suitable to be an ingredient of preventing alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). In addition, the preliminary structure characteristics of En-OPS were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim YJ, Hwang SH, Jia Y, Seo WD, Lee SJ. Barley sprout extracts reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in ethanol-fed mice by activating hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase. Food Res Int 2017; 101:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Organ-Organ Crosstalk and Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030062. [PMID: 28812994 PMCID: PMC5618243 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a common custom worldwide, and the toxic effects of alcohol on several target organs are well-understood. Given the poor prognosis of treating clinically-relevant alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (i.e., alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and cirrhosis), additional research is required to develop more effective therapies. While the stages of ALD have been well-characterized, targeted therapies to prevent or reverse this process in humans are still needed. Better understanding of risk factors and mechanisms underlying disease progression can lead to the development of rational therapies to prevent or reverse ALD in the clinic. A potential area of targeted therapy for ALD may be organ–organ communication in the early stages of the disease. In contrast to AH and end-stage liver diseases, the involvement of multiple organs in the development of ALD is less understood. The impact of these changes on pathology to the liver and other organs may not only influence disease progression during the development of the disease, but also outcomes of end stages diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed communication between the liver and other organ systems that may contribute to the development and progression of liver disease, as well as to other organs. Potential mechanisms of this organ–organ communication are also discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramaiah S, Rivera C, Arteel G. Early-Phase Alcoholic Liver Disease: An Update on Animal Models, Pathology, and Pathogenesis. Int J Toxicol 2016; 23:217-31. [PMID: 15371166 DOI: 10.1080/10915810490502069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains to be one of the most common etiology of liver disease and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathologic stages of ALD comprises of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Steatosis and steatohepatitis represents the early phase of ALD and are precursor stages for fibrosis/cirrhosis. Numerous research efforts have been directed at recognizing cofactors interacting with alcohol in the pathogenesis of steatosis and steatohepatitis. This review will elucidate the constellation of complex pathogenesis, available animal models, and microscopic pathologic findings mostly in the early-phase of ALD. The role of endotoxin, reactive oxygen species, alcohol metabolism, and cytokines are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of early-phase ALD should provide insight into the development of therapeutic strategies and thereby decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Ramaiah
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Transitional Remodeling of the Hepatic Extracellular Matrix in Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3162670. [PMID: 27843941 PMCID: PMC5098054 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3162670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a common custom worldwide, and the toxic effects of alcohol on several target organs are well understood. The liver is the primary site of alcohol metabolism and is therefore the major target of alcohol toxicity. Alcoholic liver disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation), to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of ALD is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) which ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of ALD is poorly understood, but recent research has demonstrated that a number of changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic ALD not only are present, but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) that may contribute to earlier stages of ALD development and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu YY, Tang YH, Guo XP, Wang J, Yao P. HFE genetic variability and risk of alcoholic liver disease: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:626-633. [PMID: 27752890 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining the association of hemochromatosis (HFE) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we performed a metaanalysis to investigate whether the variations in HFE gene increase the risk of ALD. The studies published up to Feb. 2014 were identified by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, which was complemented by screening the references of the retrieved studies. For all genotypes and alleles, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the heterogeneity were pooled using fixed-effect model. Sixteen studies with 1933 cases and 9874 controls were included for this meta-analysis. C282Y/C282Y, C282Y/wild type, H63D/wild type and C282Y/H63D were found not to be associated with susceptibility to ALD, but increased risk of H63D/H63D (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.22, P=0.029) was observed for ALD when compared to total control. Comparison of ALD patients with alcoholics without liver damage revealed a significant association of D allele, as well as a marginal association of H63D/wild type with ALD, while H63D/H63D was not significantly associated with ALD although increased value of OR was obtained. The presence of Y allele and other genotypes yielded insignificant findings when ALD patients were compared with alcoholics without liver damage. No evident publication bias or significant heterogeneity among studies was detected in this meta-analysis. In conclusion, our metaanalysis showed a marginal higher prevalence of H63D variant in ALD but did not support an increased risk of C282Y mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Han Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cho I, Kim J, Jung J, Sung S, Kim J, Lee N, Ku S. Hepatoprotective effects of hoveniae semen cum fructus extracts in ethanol intoxicated mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:49-64. [PMID: 27298813 PMCID: PMC4899896 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract in ethanol induced hepatic damages. [Methods] Hepatic damages were induced by oral administration of ethanol and then Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract was administered. [Results] Following Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract administration, body and liver weights were increased, while aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride levels in the serum, triglyceride contents, tumor necrosis factor -α level, cytochrome (CY) P450 2E1 activity in the liver and mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, and Nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE-immunolabelled hepatocytes were decreased. However, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased. Also, as a protective mechanism for hepatic antioxidant defense systems, decreased liver MDA contents, increased glutathione contents, increased dismutase and catalase activities were observed when compared to the ethanol control. [Conclusion] Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus extract favorably protected against liver damages, mediated by its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-steatosis properties through the augmentation of the hepatic antioxidant defense system by NF-E2-related factor-2 activation, and down-regulation of the mRNA expression of hepatic lipogenic genes or up-regulation of the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
| | - Joowan Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jaijun Jung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Sung
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Aribio Central Research Institute, Aribio Inc., Sungnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Saekwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Summary of the 2014 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2015; 49:767-72. [PMID: 26520175 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On November 21, 2014 the 19th annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, Illinois. The meeting focused broadly on inflammatory cell signaling responses in the context of alcohol and alcohol-use disorders, and was divided into four plenary sessions focusing on the gut and liver, lung infections, general systemic effects of alcohol, and neuro-inflammation. One common theme among many talks was the differential roles of macrophages following both chronic and acute alcohol intoxication. Macrophages were shown to play significant roles in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral infection following alcohol exposure in the liver, lungs, adipose tissue, and brain. Other work examined the role of alcohol on disease progression in a variety of pathologies including psoriasis, advanced stage lung disease, and cancer.
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams JA, Ding WX. A Mechanistic Review of Mitophagy and Its Role in Protection against Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2619-42. [PMID: 26501336 PMCID: PMC4693250 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide, and alcohol is well-known to cause mitochondrial damage, which exacerbates alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. No successful treatments are currently available for treating ALD. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms involved in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver and how these mechanisms may protect against alcohol-induced liver disease is needed for future development of better therapeutic options for ALD. Mitophagy is a key mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria, and mitophagy protects against alcohol-induced liver injury. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is well-known to induce mitophagy in in vitro models although Parkin-independent mechanisms for mitophagy induction also exist. In this review, we discuss the roles of Parkin and mitophagy in protection against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. We also discuss Parkin-independent mechanisms for mitophagy induction, which have not yet been evaluated in the liver but may also potentially have a protective role against ALD. In addition to mitophagy, mitochondrial spheroid formation may also provide a novel mechanism of protection against ALD, but the role of mitochondrial spheroids in protection against ALD progression needs to be further explored. Targeting removal of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy or inducing formation of mitochondrial spheroids may be promising therapeutic options for treatment of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Tan T, Wang J, Niu Y, Yan Y, Guo X, Kang Y, Duan Y, Chang S, Liao J, Si C, Ji W, Si W. Rhesus monkey model of liver disease reflecting clinical disease progression and hepatic gene expression analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15019. [PMID: 26442469 PMCID: PMC4595740 DOI: 10.1038/srep15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a significant public health issue with heavy medical and economic burdens. The aetiology of ALD is not yet completely understood. The development of drugs and therapies for ALD is hampered by a lack of suitable animal models that replicate both the histological and metabolic features of human ALD. Here, we characterize a rhesus monkey model of alcohol-induced liver steatosis and hepatic fibrosis that is compatible with the clinical progression of the biochemistry and pathology in humans with ALD. Microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression was conducted to identify potential molecular signatures of ALD progression. The up-regulation of expression of hepatic genes related to liver steatosis (CPT1A, FASN, LEPR, RXRA, IGFBP1, PPARGC1A and SLC2A4) was detected in our rhesus model, as was the down-regulation of such genes (CYP7A1, HMGCR, GCK and PNPLA3) and the up-regulation of expression of hepatic genes related to liver cancer (E2F1, OPCML, FZD7, IGFBP1 and LEF1). Our results demonstrate that this ALD model reflects the clinical disease progression and hepatic gene expression observed in humans. These findings will be useful for increasing the understanding of ALD pathogenesis and will benefit the development of new therapeutic procedures and pharmacological reagents for treating ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaohui Chang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianpeng Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenyang Si
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, Chin
- National Engineering Research Center of Biomedicine and Animal Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li S, Wang SU, Guo ZG, Huang N, Zhao FR, Zhu ML, Ma LJ, Liang JY, Zhang YL, Huang ZL, Wan GR. Protective effect of Xingnaojia formulation on rats with brain and liver damage caused by chronic alcoholism. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1643-1652. [PMID: 26640531 PMCID: PMC4665616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the effect of a formulation of traditional Chinese medicine extracts known as Xingnaojia (XNJ) on the liver function, learning ability and memory of rats with chronic alcoholism and to verify the mechanism by which it protects the brain and liver. A rat model of chronic alcoholism was used in the study. The spatial learning ability and memory of the rats were tested. The rats were then sacrificed and their brains and hepatic tissues were isolated. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and levels of glutamate (Glu), N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the hippocampus were analyzed. The ultrastructure of the hepatic tissue was observed by electron microscopy. In addition, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in serum were tested and the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHOL) were analyzed. XNJ enhanced the learning and memory of rats with chronic alcoholism. Treatment with XNJ increased the activity of SOD, and decreased the expression levels of NR2B mRNA and NR2B, CB1 and CDK5 proteins in the brain tissues compared with those in the model rats. It also increased the activity of ALDH in the serum and liver, decreased the serum levels of LDL, TG and TCHOL and increased the serum level of HDL. These results indicate that XNJ exhibited a protective effect against brain and liver damage in rats with chronic alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - S U Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Rong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Mo-Li Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Rui Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tong L, Li K, Zhou Q. The association between air pollutants and morbidity for diabetes and liver diseases modified by sexes, ages, and seasons in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1215-9. [PMID: 25128024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the generalized linear model and natural splines (ns), we examined the association between outdoor air pollutants and daily morbidity for diabetes and liver disease stratified by sexes and ages based on 4 years of daily data (2008-2011) in Tianjin, China. Season effects of air pollutants including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were also investigated. An increase of 10 μg/m(3) in a 2-day average concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of 10 μm or less (PM10), SO2, and NO2 corresponds to increases in diabetes morbidity of 0.39 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), -0.42-1.12), 0.15 % (95 % CI, -0.25-0.54), and 1.22 % (95 % CI, 0.51-2.96), respectively. As for liver morbidity, the increases were -0.84 % (95 % CI, -2.33-0.62), 0.90 % (95 % CI, 0.50-1.74), and 1.10 % (95 % CI, -2.58-4.78), respectively. The effects were stronger in the cool season than those in the warm season; females and the elderly were generally more vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. This study possesses scientific implications and instructional significance for local environmental standards and medical policymaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tuusov J, Lang K, Väli M, Pärna K, Tõnisson M, Ringmets I, McKee M, Helander A, Leon DA. Prevalence of alcohol-related pathologies at autopsy: Estonian Forensic Study of Alcohol and Premature Death. Addiction 2014; 109:2018-26. [PMID: 25066373 PMCID: PMC4241049 DOI: 10.1111/add.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol can induce diverse serious pathologies, yet this complexity may be obscured when alcohol-related deaths are classified according to a single underlying cause. We sought to quantify this issue and its implications for analysing mortality data. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study included 554 men aged 25-54 in Estonia undergoing forensic autopsy in 2008-09. MEASUREMENTS Potentially alcohol-related pathologies were identified following macroscopic and histological examination. Alcohol biomarkers levels were determined. For a subset (26%), drinking behaviour was provided by next-of-kin. The Estonian Statistics Office provided underlying cause of death. FINDINGS Most deaths (75%) showed evidence of potentially alcohol-related pathologies, and 32% had pathologies in two or more organs. The liver was most commonly affected [60.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 56.3-64.6] followed by the lungs (18.6%, 95% CI = 15.4-22.1), stomach (17.5%, 95% CI = 14.4-20.9), pancreas (14.1%, 95% CI = 11.3-17.3), heart (4.9%, 95% CI = 3.2-7.0) and oesophagus (1.4%, 95% CI = 0.6-2.8). Only a minority with liver pathology had a second pathology. The number of pathologies correlated with alcohol biomarkers (phosphatidylethanol, gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase in blood, ethylglucuronide, ethylsulphate in urine). Despite the high prevalence of liver pathology, few deaths had alcoholic liver disease specified as the underlying cause. CONCLUSION The majority of 554 men aged 25-54 undergoing forensic autopsy in Estonia in 2008-09 showed evidence of alcohol-related pathology. However, the recording of deaths by underlying cause failed to capture the scale and nature of alcohol-induced pathologies found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tuusov
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia,Estonian Forensic Science InstituteTallinn, Estonia
| | - Katrin Lang
- Department of Public Health, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Väli
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia,Estonian Forensic Science InstituteTallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Pärna
- Department of Public Health, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Mailis Tõnisson
- Estonian Forensic Science InstituteTallinn, Estonia,Internal Medicine Clinic, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Inge Ringmets
- Department of Public Health, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
| | - Anders Helander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University LaboratoryStockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Leon
- Internal Medicine Clinic, University of TartuTartu, Estonia,The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lu Y, Wei J, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Evaluation of fatty liver fibrosis in rabbits using real-time shear wave elastography. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:355-362. [PMID: 25009583 PMCID: PMC4079399 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect the elastic modulus (stiffness) of the livers of rabbits with non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease using real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), and to investigate the fibrosis development process in the formation of fatty liver. The stiffness of the fatty livers in rabbit models prepared via feeding with alcohol or a high-fat diet were measured using a real-time SWE ultrasound system and a 4-15-MHz linear array probe, and the liver stiffness was compared with the pathological staging of the disease. The stiffness of the liver was positively correlated with the degree of pathological change in fatty liver disease (P<0.01). The stiffness of the liver in the alcoholic fatty liver group was higher compared with that in the non-alcoholic fatty liver and control groups, and the stiffness in the non-alcoholic fatty liver group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Real-time SWE objectively identified the trend in the changing stiffness of the liver and noninvasively detected the development of fibrosis in the progression of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Liver Disease Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li HH, Tyburski JB, Wang YW, Strawn S, Moon BH, Kallakury BVS, Gonzalez FJ, Fornace AJ. Modulation of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protects against alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1520-31. [PMID: 24773203 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol intake affects liver function and causes hepatic pathological changes. It has been shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-null mice developed more pronounced hepatic changes than wild-type (WT) mice after chronic exposure to a diet containing 4% alcohol. The remarkable similarity between the histopathology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Ppara-null model and in humans, and the fact that PPARα expression and activity in human liver are less than one-tenth of those in WT mouse liver make Ppara-null a good system to investigate ALD. METHODS In this study, the Ppara-null model was used to elucidate the dynamic regulation of PPARα activity during chronic alcohol intake. Hepatic transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to examine alterations of gene expression and metabolites associated with pathological changes. The changes triggered by alcohol consumption on gene expression and metabolites in Ppara-null mice were compared with those in WT mice. RESULTS The results showed that in the presence of PPARα, 3 major metabolic pathways in mitochondria, namely the fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the electron transfer chain, were induced in response to a 2-month alcohol feeding, while these responses were greatly reduced in the absence of PPARα. In line with the transcriptional modulations of these metabolic pathways, a progressive accumulation of triglycerides, a robust increase in hepatic cholic acid and its derivatives, and a strong induction of fibrogenesis genes were observed exclusively in alcohol-fed Ppara-null mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that PPARα plays a protective role to enhance mitochondrial function in response to chronic alcohol consumption by adaptive transcriptional activation and suggest that activation of this nuclear receptor may be of therapeutic value in the treatment for ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Kou Y, Wang X, Cederbaum A, Wang R. Multifactorial comparative proteomic study of cytochrome P450 2E1 function in chronic alcohol administration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92504. [PMID: 24658151 PMCID: PMC3962406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the use of iTRAQ technique, a multifactorial comparative proteomic study can be performed. In this study, to obtain an overview of ethanol, CYP2E1 and gender effects on liver injury and gain more insight into the underlying molecular mechanism, mouse liver proteomes were quantitatively analyzed using iTRAQ under eight conditions including mice of different genders, wild type versus CYP2E1 knockout, and normal versus alcohol diet. A series of statistical and bioinformatic analyses were explored to simplify and clarify multifactorial comparative proteomic data. First, with the Principle Component analysis, six proteins, CYP2E1, FAM25, CA3, BHMT, HIBADH and ECHS1, involved in oxidation reduction, energy and lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, were identified as the most differentially expressed gene products across all of the experimental conditions of our chronic alcoholism model. Second, hierarchical clustering analysis showed CYP2E1 knockout played a primary role in the overall differential protein expression compared with ethanol and gender factors. Furthermore, pair-wise multiple comparisons have revealed that the only significant expression difference lied in wild-type and CYP2E1 knockout mice both treated with ethanol. Third, K-mean clustering analysis indicated that the CYP2E1 knockout had the reverse effect on ethanol induced oxidative stress and lipid oxidation. More importantly, IPA analysis of proteomic data inferred that the gene expressions of two upstream regulators, NRF2 and PPARα, regulated by chronic alcohol feeding and CYP2E1 knockout, are involved in ethanol induced oxidative stress and lipid oxidation. The present study provides an effectively comprehensive data analysis strategy to compare multiple biological factors, contributing to biochemical effects of alcohol on the liver. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with data set identifier of PXD000635.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arthur Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Protective effect of cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris on alcoholic hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:52-7. [PMID: 23876821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the protective effect of cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Alcohol-feeding rats were fed diets with Paecilomyces japonica as CPJ group, C. militaris as CCM group, cordycepin-enriched C. militaris as CCMα group at the 3% (w/w) level and silymarin at the 0.1% (w/w) level for 4 weeks. Alcohol administration resulted in a significant increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the levels of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde in serum. However, CCMα group markedly prevented from alcohol-induced elevation of these parameters in serum. CCMα group showed the increased both hepatic activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Unlike the action of alcohol treatment on alcoholic fatty liver, CCMα group was also attenuated lipid droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes. Present study was also confirmed the beneficial roles of silymarin (hepatoprotective agent) against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Therefore, cordycepin-enriched C. militaris can be a promising candidate to prevent from alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Saravanan N, Nalini N. Impact ofHemidesmus indicusR.Br. extract on ethanol-mediated oxidative damage in rat kidney. Redox Rep 2013; 12:229-35. [DOI: 10.1179/135100007x200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
44
|
Park HY, Ha SK, Eom H, Choi I. Narirutin fraction from citrus peels attenuates alcoholic liver disease in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:637-44. [PMID: 23416143 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate protective activities of the narirutin fraction from peels of Citrus unshiu against ethanol-induced hepatic damage through an animal study. Citrus narirutin fraction (CNF), contained 75% of narirutin, was obtained by an ultra-sonicated extraction and further purification. ICR mice were divided into four groups; normaldiet control, ethanol control (6.5g ethanol/kg), low-CNF (ethanol+150mg CNF/kg) and high-CNF (ethanol+300mg CNF/kg) groups. Consumption of alcohol for 8weeks induced severe liver damage with increases in prognostic indicators such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase in serum whereas co-administration of CNF suppressed their increases. Excessive accumulations in liver TG and TC in ethanol control group were also suppressed by co-administration of CNF. Co-administration of CNF maintained SOD activity, GSH and malondialdehyde levels close to those of the normal diet group. Chronic consumption of alcohol also stimulated abrupt increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in liver otherwise co-administration of CNF effectively suppressed production of these cytokines dose-dependently. These results indicate that co-administration of CNF with alcohol can alleviate alcohol induced liver damage through preventing lipid formation, protecting antioxidant system and suppressing productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Park
- Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peng JH, Cui T, Huang F, Chen L, Zhao Y, Xu L, Xu LL, Feng Q, Hu YY. Puerarin ameliorates experimental alcoholic liver injury by inhibition of endotoxin gut leakage, Kupffer cell activation, and endotoxin receptors expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:646-54. [PMID: 23277536 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, an isoflavone component extracted from Kudzu (Pueraria lobata), has been demonstrated to alleviate alcohol-related disorders. Our study examined whether puerarin ameliorates chronic alcoholic liver injury through inhibition of endotoxin gut leakage, the subsequent Kupffer cell activation, and endotoxin receptors expression. Rats were provided with the Liber-DeCarli liquid diet for 8 weeks. Puerarin (90 mg/kg or 180 mg/kg daily) was orally administered from the beginning of the third week until the end of the experiment. Chronic alcohol intake caused increased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and triglyceride levels as well as fatty liver and neutrophil infiltration in hepatic lobules as determined by biochemical and histologic assays. A significant increase of liver tumor necrosis factor α was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These pathologic effects correlated with increased endotoxin level in portal vein and upregulated protein expression of hepatic CD68, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, CD14, Toll-like receptor 2, and Toll-like receptor 4. Meanwhile, the intestinal microvilli were observed to be sparse, shortened, and irregularity in distribution under the transmission electron microscope in conjunction with the downregulated intestinal zonula occludens-1 protein expression. These hepatic pathologic changes were significantly inhibited in puerarin-treated animals as were the endotoxin levels and hepatic CD68 and endotoxin receptors. Moreover, the pathologic changes in intestinal microvillus and the decreased intestinal zonula occludens-1 were also ameliorated with puerarin treatment. These results thus demonstrate that puerarin inhibition of endotoxin gut leakage, Kupffer cell activation, and endotoxin receptors expression is involved in the alleviation of chronic alcoholic liver injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Xiong ZE, Tong QY, Zheng SH, Li ZY, Wang T. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside protects against ethanol-induced liver injury in mice by inhibition of expression of inflammation-related factors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3649-3655. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i36.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) against acute ethanol-induced liver injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, liver injury model group, low-(30 mg/kg) and high-dose (60 mg/kg) TSG groups, and Silibinin (50 mg/kg) group. Liver histopathology was measured by light microscopy. The contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were assayed by ELSIA, and plasma endotoxin level was measured by LAL chromogenic endpoint assay. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and iNOS in liver tissue was detected by real-time PCR. The phospho-IκBα level and NF-κB nuclear translocation in hepatic tissue were measured by Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the model group showed significant hydropic degeneration and steatosis of hepatocytes, increased contents of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and plasma level of endotoxin (all P < 0.01), up-regulated mRNA expression of TNF-α and iNOS in liver tissue (TNF-α: 128.5 pg/mL ± 20.7 pg/mL vs 45.2 pg/mL ± 14.2 pg/mL; IL-1β: 71.8 pg/mL ± 9.1 pg/mL vs 33.1 pg/mL ± 9.5 pg/mL; IL-6: 59.8 pg/mL ± 13.1 pg/mL vs 23.7 pg/mL ± 5.9 pg/mL; endotoxin: 0.35 EU/mL ± 0.09 EU/mL vs 0.11 EU/mL ± 0.03 EU/mL. TNF-α mRNA: 1.33 ± 0.11 vs 0.63 ± 0.10; iNOS mRNA: 0.85 ± 0.09 vs 0.40 ± 0.07; phospho-IκB-α: 2.02 ± 0.14 vs 0.92 ± 0.19; NF-κB P65: 1.10 ± 0.14 vs 0.44 ± 0.13, P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and significantly increased phospho-IκBα level and NF-κB nuclear translocation in hepatic tissue (both P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and plasma endotoxin level significantly decreased (all P < 0.05 or 0.01), the mRNA expression of TNF-α and iNOS was down-regulated, and phospho-IκBα level and NF-κB nuclear translocation in hepatic tissue were significantly inhibited in the TSG groups (TSG 60 mg/kg group: TNF-α: 65.9 pg/mL ± 13.9 pg/mL vs 128.5 pg/mL ± 20.7 pg/mL; IL-1β: 43.0 pg/mL ± 7.1 pg/mL vs 71.8 pg/mL ± 9.1 pg/mL; IL-6: 36.3 pg/mL ± 10.1 pg/mL vs 59.8 pg/mL ± 13.1 pg/mL; endotoxin: 0.20 EU/mL ± 0.05 EU/mL vs 0.35 EU/mL ± 0.09 EU/mL; TNF-α mRNA: 0.79 ± 0.09 vs 1.33 ± 0.11; iNOS mRNA: 0.53 ± 0.10 vs 0.85 ± 0.09; phospho-IκB-α: 1.35 ± 0.32 vs 2.02 ± 0.14; NF-κB P65: 0.62 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.14, all P < 0.05 or 0.01).
CONCLUSION: TSG has a protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice possibly by decreasing endotoxin level and NF-κB nuclear translocation and attenuating the trigger of inflammation-related cascade amplification.
Collapse
|
47
|
Brandon-Warner E, Schrum LW, Schmidt CM, McKillop IH. Rodent models of alcoholic liver disease: of mice and men. Alcohol 2012; 46:715-25. [PMID: 22960051 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. The progressive nature of ALD is well described; however, the complex interactions under which these pathologies evolve remain to be fully elucidated. Clinically there are no clear biomarkers or universally accepted, effective treatment strategies for ALD. Experimental models of ALD are an important component in identifying underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced injury to develop better diagnostic markers, predictors of disease progression, and therapeutic targets to manage, halt, or reverse disease progression. Rodents remain the most accessible model for studying ALD pathology. Effective rodent models must mimic the natural history of ALD while allowing examination of complex interactions between multiple hepatic, and non-hepatic, cell types in the setting of altered metabolic or oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory responses, and sensitivity to cytotoxic stress. Additionally, mode and duration of alcohol delivery influence hepatic response and present unique challenges in understanding disease pathology. This review provides an overview of rodent models of ALD, their strengths and weaknesses relative to human disease states, and provides insight of the potential to develop novel rodent models to simulate the course of human ALD.
Collapse
|
48
|
Effects of Puerariae Radix Extract on Endotoxin Receptors and TNF-α Expression Induced by Gut-Derived Endotoxin in Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:234987. [PMID: 23133491 PMCID: PMC3485520 DOI: 10.1155/2012/234987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is one of the earliest medicinal plants used to treat alcohol abuse in traditional Chinese medicine for more than a millennium. However, little is known about its effects on chronic alcoholic liver injury. Therefore, the present study observed the effects of puerariae radix extract (RPE) on chronic alcoholic liver injury as well as Kupffer cells (KCs) activation to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced by gut-derived endotoxin in rats and macrophage cell line. RPE was observed to alleviate the pathological changes and lipids deposition in liver tissues as well as the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. Meanwhile, RPE inhibited KCs activation and subsequent hepatic TNF-α expression and downregulated the protein expression of endotoxin receptors, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), CD14, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 in chronic alcohol intake rats. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed that RPE inhibited the expression of TNF-α and endotoxin receptors, CD14 and TLR4, induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, this study demonstrated that RPE mitigated liver damage and lipid deposition induced by chronic alcohol intake in rats, as well as TNF-α release, protein expression of endotoxin receptors in vivo or in vitro.
Collapse
|
49
|
Oxidative Stress and the ER Stress Response in a Murine Model for Early-Stage Alcoholic Liver Disease. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:207594. [PMID: 22829816 PMCID: PMC3399426 DOI: 10.1155/2012/207594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and constitutes a significant socioeconomic burden. Previous work has implicated oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the etiology of ALD; however, the complex and interrelated nature of these cellular responses presently confounds our understanding of ethanol-induced hepatopathy. In this paper, we assessed the pathological contribution of oxidative stress and ER stress in a time-course mouse model of early-stage ALD. Ethanol-treated mice exhibited significant hepatic panlobular steatosis and elevated plasma ALT values compared to isocaloric controls. Oxidative stress was observed in the ethanol-treated animals through a significant increase in hepatic TBARS and immunohistochemical staining of 4-HNE-modified proteins. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly decreased as a consequence of decreased CBS activity, increased GSH utilization, and increased protein glutathionylation. At the same time, immunoblot analysis of the PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, and SREBP pathways reveals no significant role for these UPR pathways in the etiology of hepatic steatosis associated with early-stage ALD. Collectively, our results indicate a primary pathogenic role for oxidative stress in the early initiating stages of ALD that precedes the involvement of the ER stress response.
Collapse
|
50
|
Agrimonia eupatoria protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|