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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Marzoog BA. Recent advances in molecular biology of metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: endothelial dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1903-1911. [PMID: 36065330 PMCID: PMC9430013 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current advances in molecular pathobiology of endotheliocytes dysfunctions are promising in finding the pathogenetic links to the emergence of insulin resistance syndrome. Physiologically, human organism homeostasis is strictly controlled to maintain metabolic processes at the acquainted level. Many factors are involved in maintaining these physiological processes in the organism and any deviation is undoubtedly accompanied by specific pathologies related to the affected process. Fortunately, the body’s defense system can solve and compensate for the impaired function through its multi-level defense mechanisms. The endothelium is essential in maintaining this homeostasis through its ability to modulate the metabolic processes of the organism. Pathological activity or impairment of physiological endothelium function seems directly correlated to the emergence of metabolic syndrome. The most accepted hypothesis is that endothelium distribution is due to endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response development, which includes inhibition of long non-coding RNAs expression, cytokines disbalance, Apelin dysregulation, glycocalyx degradation, and specific microparticles. Clinically, the enhancement or restoration of normal endothelial cells can be a target for novel therapeutic strategies since the distribution of its physiological activity impairs homeostasis and results in the progression of metabolic syndrome, and induction of its physiological activity can ameliorate insulin resistance syndrome. Novel insights on the molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction are concisely represented in this paper to enhance the present therapeutic tactics and advance the research forward to find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- Medical school student at National Research, Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street, 68, Saransk, Rep. Mordovia, Mordovia republic, Bolshevitskaya Street, 31, 430005 Saransk, Russia
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Okafor CN, Kelso NE, Bryant V, Burrell LE, Míguez MJ, Gongvatana A, Tashima KT, de la Monte S, Cook RL, Cohen RA. Body mass index, inflammatory biomarkers and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected persons. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:289-302. [PMID: 27319430 PMCID: PMC5173436 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1199887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To determine the relationships among body mass index (BMI), and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and the potential mediating effects of inflammatory cytokines. Among the HIV-infected individuals (N = 90) included in this study, obesity was associated with slower processing speed (β = -.229, standard error (SE) = 2.15, p = .033), compared to participants with a normal BMI, after controlling for psychosocial and HIV clinical factors. Serum concentrations of the interleukin-16 (IL-16) cytokine were significantly associated with slowed processing speed (β = -.235, SE = 1.62, p = .033) but did not mediate the relationship between obesity and processing speed These findings suggest that obesity may contribute to cognitive processing speed deficits in HIV-infected adults. Elevated concentrations of IL-16 are also associated with slowing, though the results suggest that obesity and IL-16 may exert independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka N. Okafor
- Department of Epidemiology - College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Natalie E. Kelso
- Department of Epidemiology - College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 3151, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Larry E. Burrell
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 3151, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Maria Jose Míguez
- School of Integrated Science and Humanity (SISH), Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Assawin Gongvatana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen T. Tashima
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology - College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Ronald A. Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Institute on Aging, and the, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, PO Box 100107, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
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Marissal-Arvy N, Diane A, Moisan MP, Larue-Achagiotis C, Tridon C, Tome D, Fromentin G, Mormède P. QTLs influencing carbohydrate and fat choice in a LOU/CxFischer 344 F2 rat population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:565-75. [PMID: 23596094 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individual differences in macronutrient selection, particularly fat and carbohydrate, and associated body weight gain are partly inherited as polygenic traits, but the potential genetic pathways are unknown. To give an overview of the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate gene pathways influencing these differences in rat was aimed in this study. DESIGN AND METHODS To that end, F2 rats obtained from the crossbreeding between LOU/C and Fischer 344 rat strains to diet self-selection during 3 weeks were submitted. A genome scan was conducted with microsatellite markers covering evenly the whole genome. Genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed separately in male and female F2 rats by multiple interval mapping. Then, lists of candidate genes were treated by the Ingenuity Pathway software to propose gene pathways involved in our phenotypes. RESULTS Among numerous others, a QTL on chromosome 12 that influences body weight gain, and fat and carbohydrate choices in the LOU/C x Fischer 344 F2 rat population was found. This locus contains notably the acyl-co-A dehydrogenase gene. CONCLUSION A strong genetic determinism and complex pathways involving numerous candidate genes and processes, notably in accordance with the metabolic theory of feeding behavior control were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Marissal-Arvy
- INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Bernardi JR, Ferreira CF, Senter G, Krolow R, de Aguiar BW, Portella AK, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Kapczinski F, Dalmaz C, Goldani MZ, Silveira PP. Early life stress interacts with the diet deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids during the life course increasing the metabolic vulnerability in adult rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62031. [PMID: 23614006 PMCID: PMC3629088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early stress can cause metabolic disorders in adulthood. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) deficiency has also been linked to the development of metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess whether an early stressful event such as maternal separation interacts with the nutritional availability of n-3 PUFAs during the life course on metabolic aspects. Litters were randomized into: maternal separated (MS) and non-handled (NH). The MS group was removed from their dam for 3 hours per day and put in an incubator at 32°C on days 1° to 10° postnatal (PND). On PND 35, males were subdivided into diets that were adequate or deficient in n-3 PUFAs, and this intervention was applied during the subsequent 15 weeks. Animal's body weight and food consumption were measured weekly, and at the end of the treatment tissues were collected. MS was associated with increased food intake (p = 0.047) and weight gain (p = 0.012), but no differences were found in the NPY hypothalamic content between the groups. MS rats had also increased deposition of abdominal fat (p<0.001) and plasma triglycerides (p = 0.018) when compared to the NH group. Interactions between early life stress and n-3 PUFAs deficiency were found in plasma insulin (p = 0.033), HOMA index (p = 0.049), leptin (p = 0.010) and liver PEPCK expression (p = 0.050), in which the metabolic vulnerability in the MS group was aggravated by the n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure. This was associated with specific alterations in the peripheral fatty acid profile. Variations in the neonatal environment interact with nutritional aspects during the life course, such as n-3 PUFAs diet content, and persistently alter the metabolic vulnerability in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Bernardi
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles F. Ferreira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Senter
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca W. de Aguiar
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André K. Portella
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorders Program and INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z. Goldani
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P. Silveira
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (NESCA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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EFFECTS OF THE WALNUT INCLUSION IN THE DIET OF IN THE YOUNG MALE PATIENTS OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION ON LIPID PROFILE, BLOOD PRESSURE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14260/jemds/393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Singh RB, Gupta S, Dherange P, De Meester F, Wilczynska A, Alam SE, Pella D, Wilson DW. Metabolic syndrome: a brain disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1171-83. [PMID: 22913633 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates an association between brain dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To investigate this, we created a Medline search (up to December 2011) of articles in PubMed. The results indicated that refined carbohydrates, saturated and total fat, high levels of ω-6 fatty acids, and low levels of ω-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all in conjunction with sedentary behaviour and mental stress can predispose to inflammation. Increased sympathetic activity, with increased secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, and serotonin can cause oxidative stress, which may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as the hypothalamus and macrophages, and the liver may release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These, in conjunction with an underlying deficiency in long chain PUFA, may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as neuropeptide-Y and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and insulin receptors in the brain, especially during fetal life, infancy, and childhood, resulting in their dysfunction. Of the fatty acids in the brain, 30%-50% are long chain PUFA, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids. Hence, ω-3 fatty acids, which are also known to enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as acetylcholine in the hippocampus, may be protective. Therefore, treatment with ω-3 fatty acids may be applied for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Singh
- The TsimTsoum Institute, Krakow, Silesia, Poland.
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8
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Metabolic syndrome: Aggression control mechanisms gone out of control. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74:578-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Scorza FA, Cysneiros RM, Terra VC, Scorza CA, Cavalheiro EA, Ribeiro MO, Gattaz WF. Omega-3 consumption and sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:241-5. [PMID: 19628381 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia show a two- to three-fold increased risk to die prematurely. Mortality is accounted for by a combination of factors (patients' life style, suicide, premature cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndromes and, not so often mentioned, sudden death). The cause of sudden death in schizophrenia is unknown, but cardiac arrhythmia plays a potential role. Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and some antipsychotics may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events (e.g., electrocardiograph QT interval prolongation), suggesting that this could lead to sudden cardiac death. Animal and clinical studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids could be useful in the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. As omega-3 fatty acids have been considered a cardioprotector agent, reducing cardiac arrhythmias and hence sudden cardiac deaths and given their relative safety and general health benefits, our update article summarizes the knowledge by the possible positive effects of omega-3 supplementation and fish consumption against sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia. However, fish species should be selected with caution due to contamination with toxic methylmercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Leal Prado, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cysneiros RM, Terra VC, Machado HR, Arida RM, Schwartzman JS, Cavalheiro EA, Scorza FA. May the best friend be an enemy if not recognized early: possible role of omega-3 against cardiovascular abnormalities due antipsychotics in the treatment of autism. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 67:922-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2009000500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopment disorders that cause severe and pervasive impairment in socialization, communication, and behavior. Although the availability of antipsychotic treatment in ASD has expanded, we will be very careful with side effects of these pharmacological agents. Following this reasoning, emerging data indicate that some antipsychotics may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events (e.g., QT interval prolongation), suggesting that this could be correlated to sudden death. Quite interesting, substantial evidence from epidemiological and case-control studies indicates that omega-3 reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality, particularly sudden cardiac death. In accordance to the above mentioned findings, as omega-3 fatty acids per se have a direct cardiovascular protective role, our paper hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in ASD patients treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs may reduce cardiac arrhythmias and hence sudden cardiac death.
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Cifani C, Kloting I, Morini G, Grandi D, Massi M, Polidori C. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ-induced food intake and cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript gene expression in strains derived from rats prone (WOKW) and resistant (Dark Agouti) to metabolic syndrome. Peptides 2009; 30:727-34. [PMID: 19070636 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous work, we observed that N/OFQ-induced hyperphagia is greater in DA rats, animals resistant to metabolic syndrome, than in WOKW animals, which are prone to this disease. We attributed this difference to the fact that these two strains have different Cart gene sequences and expression. As a preliminary approach to pursue this hypothesis, the present work focused on Cart gene expression by developing from DA and WOKW rats various congenic animals with exchanges of metabolic syndrome-related QTL's of different chromosomes (3, 5, 10 and 16), and analyzing their N/OFQ-induced (2.1, 4.2, and 8.4nmol/rat) food intake in terms of their CART gene expression and N/OFQ hypothalamic immunostaining. Two groupings emerged, the first, with strains 3a, 3b, and 5a with elevated N/OFQ-induced feeding similar to that of the DA rats, and the second, with strains 16 and 10, with lower feeding, like the WOKW rats. There was a perfect correlation between Cart gene expression and N/OFQ-induced feeding data at 30min for the strains DA, 3a, 3b, 5 in the first group, and 16 and WOKW for the second, but not for strain 10. As expected, the strains with low content of Cart gene expression had elevated N/OFQ-induced feeding, but contrary to expectations, strain 10, with the lowest Cart gene expression, exhibited low N/OFQ-induced feeding, on the order of that of the WOKW rats. A comparable trend was observed with N/OFQ hypothalamic immunostaining. This anomaly may be due to other satiety-related factors involved in N/OFQ-induced feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cifani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, MC, Italy
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Asserhøj M, Nehammer S, Matthiessen J, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. Maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation may adversely affect long-term blood pressure, energy intake, and physical activity of 7-year-old boys. J Nutr 2009; 139:298-304. [PMID: 19091800 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.095745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early nutrition may program obesity and cardiovascular risk later in life, and one of the potential agents is (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA). In this study, our objective was to examine whether fish oil (FO) supplementation during lactation affects blood pressure and body composition of children. Danish mothers (n = 122) were randomized to FO [1.5 g/d (n-3) LCPUFA] or olive oil (OO) supplementations during the first 4 mo of lactation. The trial also included a high-fish intake reference group (n = 53). Ninety-eight children were followed-up with blood pressure and anthropometry measurements at 7 y. Diet and physical activity level (PAL) were assessed by 4-d weighed dietary records and ActiReg. The PAL value was 4% lower (P = 0.048) and energy intake (EI) of the boys was 1.1 +/- 0.4 MJ/d higher (P = 0.014) in the FO group than in the OO group. Starch intake was 15 +/- 6 g/d higher (P = 0.012) in the FO group, but there were no other differences in diet. Body composition did not differ between the randomized groups with or without adjustment for starch intake, EI, and PAL. FO boys had 6 mm Hg higher diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure than OO boys (P < 0.01), but girls did not differ. Within the randomized groups, blood pressure was not correlated with maternal RBC (n-3) LCPUFA after the intervention, but PAL values were (r = -0.277; P = 0.038). We previously found higher BMI at 2.5 y in the FO group, but the difference did not persist. The differences in blood pressure, EI, and PAL, particularly among boys, suggest that early (n-3) LCPUFA intake may have adverse effects, which should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Asserhøj
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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VIRMANI ASHRAF, GAETANI FRANCO, BINIENDA ZBIGNIEW. Effects of Metabolic Modifiers Such as Carnitines, Coenzyme Q10, and PUFAs against Different Forms of Neurotoxic Insults: Metabolic Inhibitors, MPTP, and Methamphetamine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2005.tb00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Linolenic acid and folate in wild-growing African dark leafy vegetables (morogo). Public Health Nutr 2008; 12:525-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Scorza FA, Cysneiros RM, Cavalheiro EA, Arida RM, de Albuquerque M. Omega-3 fatty acids and sudden cardiac death in schizophrenia: if not a friend, at least a great colleague. Schizophr Res 2007; 94:375-6. [PMID: 17540540 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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