1
|
Han B, Choukér A, Moser D. Differential effects of acute and chronic hydrocortisone treatment on pyroptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31156. [PMID: 38784563 PMCID: PMC11112316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed and inflammation-inducing cell death that occurs predominantly in macrophages. It is characterized by the inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, leading to cell lysis. During pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β are released extracellularly to further recruit and activate other immune cells. Thus, pyroptosis plays a crucial role in the prevention of the spread of pathogens. The clinically applied synthetic glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone (HC), has strong immunoregulatory properties. It may act as an immunosuppressive agent by negatively regulating pro-inflammatory gene transcription but has also shown immune-sensitizing properties. The conditions that determine the immunosuppressive or immune-sensitizing actions of HC during an infection are not fully clear. We hypothesized that the outcome may differ depending on the onset and duration of its administration. Therefore, we investigated the impact of acute (treatment upon infection) and chronic (24 h pre-treatment before infection) HC treatment on pyroptosis induction and execution in THP-1 macrophage-like cells. The focus was on pyroptosis-associated signaling pathways, inflammasome assembly and activation, IL-1β, and cell death. Physiological HC concentration and HC deprivation were used as controls. Compared to the physiological concentration, cells displayed augmented inflammasome activation and IL-1β release following acute HC treatment. Conversely, the whole pyroptosis machinery was suppressed by chronic HC administration. These in vitro investigations demonstrate pro-inflammatory actions of acute HC exposure and the immunosuppressive effects of chronic treatment. These differential effects on pyroptosis emphasize the importance of individualized HC medication in patients upon infection, and suggest the inclusion of IL-1β as a marker for current immune capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Translational Research ‘Stress and Immunity’, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research ‘Stress and Immunity’, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research ‘Stress and Immunity’, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garcia Neto PG, Titon SCM, Muxel SM, Titon B, Figueiredo ACD, Floreste FR, Lima AS, Assis VR, Gomes FR. Immune and endocrine alterations at the early stage of inflammatory assemblage in toads after stimulation with heat-killed bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111606. [PMID: 38354902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The red-leg syndrome in amphibians is a condition commonly associated with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and has led to population declines. However, there is little information concerning the inflammatory assemblage in infected anurans. We evaluated immune and endocrine alterations induced by stimulation with heat-killed A. hydrophila injected in Rhinella diptycha toads. Control animals were not manipulated, while the others were separated into groups that received intraperitoneal injection of 300 μl of saline or heat-killed bacteria: groups A1 (3 × 107 cells), A2 (3 × 108 cells), and A3 (3 × 109 cells). Animals were bled and euthanized six hours post-injection. We evaluated neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR), plasma bacterial killing ability (BKA), testosterone (T), melatonin (MEL), and corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels. Heat-killed A. hydrophila increased CORT and NLR, and decreased MEL, especially at higher concentrations. There was no effect of treatment on T and BKA. We then selected the saline and A3 groups to conduct mRNA expression of several genes including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. We found higher expression of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and IFN-γ in group A3 compared to the saline group. These results indicate the beginning of an inflammatory assemblage, notably at the two highest concentrations of bacteria, and give a better understanding of how anurans respond to an infection within an integrated perspective, evaluating different physiological aspects. Future studies should investigate later phases of the immune response to elucidate more about the inflammation in amphibians challenged with A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrício G Garcia Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Stefanny C M Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Muxel
- Laboratório de Neuroimunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes n° 1730, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Braz Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aymam C de Figueiredo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Floreste
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alan S Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Vania R Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Global Health and Interdisciplinary Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, Interdisciplinary Research Building (IDRB), 3720 Spectrum Boulevard. Tampa, FL 33612-9415, United States. https://twitter.com/VaniaRAssis1
| | - Fernando R Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão - Travessa 14 - n° 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fries-Craft K, Bobeck EA. Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis model may have a greater impact than dietary anti-interleukin-10 on broiler chicken systemic immunometabolic responses. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103551. [PMID: 38417332 PMCID: PMC10909892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary egg yolk-derived anti-interleukin (IL)-10 may preserve broiler chicken performance during coccidiosis due to Eimeria spp. infection while effects on secondary Clostridium perfringens (necrotic enteritis) are unknown. Some necrotic enteritis models implement Salmonella Typhimurium to improve repeatability; however, Salmonella upregulation of IL-10 may be a confounder when evaluating anti-IL-10. The study objective was to investigate anti-IL-10 effects on systemic cytokine concentrations and immunometabolism during E. maxima ± C. perfringens challenge in models ± S. Typhimurium. Three 25 d replicate studies using Ross 308 chicks were conducted in wire-floor cages (32 cages/ replicate) with chicks assigned to diets ± 0.03% anti-IL-10. 640 chicks (20/ cage; replicates 1 and 2) were inoculated with sterile saline ± 1×108 colony forming units (CFU) S. Typhimurium while 480 chicks (15/ cage) were placed in replicate 3. In all replicates, blood samples were collected on d 14 (6 chicks/treatment) before administering 15,000 sporulated E. maxima M6 oocysts to S. Typhimurium-inoculated (replicates 1 and 2) or challenge-designated chicks (replicate 3). Half the E. maxima-challenged chicks received 1×108 CFU C. perfringens on d 18 and 19. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, and 11 d post-inoculation (dpi) with E. maxima and 1, 3, and 7 dpi with secondary C. perfringens. Plasma cytokines were determined by ELISA while immunometabolic assays evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cell ATP production and glycolytic rate responses. Data were analyzed with diet and challenge fixed effects plus associated interactions (SAS 9.4; P ≤ 0.05). Replicates 1 and 2 showed few immunometabolic responses within 3 dpi with E. maxima, but 25 to 31% increased ATP production and 32% increased compensatory glycolysis at 1 dpi with C. perfringens in challenged vs. unchallenged chicks (P ≤ 0.04). In replicate 3, total ATP production and compensatory glycolysis were increased 25 and 40%, respectively, by the E. maxima main effect at 1dpi (P ≤ 0.05) with unobserved responsiveness to C. perfringens. These outcomes indicate that model type had greater impacts on systemic immunity than anti-IL-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fries-Craft
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - E A Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Devalloir Q, Fritsch C, Alchammas Y, Raoul F, Driget V, Amiot C, Ozaki S, van den Brink N, Scheifler R. Environmental pollution and nutritional quality modulate immune response of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) through hormonal disturbances. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122100. [PMID: 37392867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are known to enhance immune cell damages and to decrease cellular immunity, promoting higher susceptibility to infectious diseases. Selenium (Se) is an essential element involved in immunity and reactive oxygen species scavenging. This study aimed at evaluating how Cd and Pb and low nutritional (Se) quality modulate immune response to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Mice were trapped near a former smelter in northern France in sites of High or Low contamination. Individuals were challenged immediately after capture or after five days of captivity, fed a standard or a Se-deficient diet. Immune response was measured with leukocyte count and plasma concentration of TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Faecal and plasma corticosterone (CORT), a stress-hormone involved in anti-inflammatory processes, was measured to assess potential endocrine mechanisms. Higher hepatic Se and lower faecal CORT were measured in free-ranging wood mice from High site. LPS-challenged individuals from High site showed steeper decrease of circulating leukocytes of all types, higher TNF-α concentrations, and a significant increase of CORT, compared to individuals from Low site. Challenged captive animals fed standard food exhibited similar patterns (decrease of leukocytes, increase of CORT, and detectable levels of TNF-α), with individuals from lowly contaminated site having higher immune responses than their counterparts from highly polluted site. Animals fed Se-deficient food exhibited lymphocytes decrease, no CORT variation, and average levels of TNF-α. These results suggest (i) a higher inflammatory response to immune challenge in free-ranging animals highly exposed to Cd and Pb, (ii) a faster recovery of inflammatory response in animals lowly exposed to pollution when fed standard food than more exposed individuals, and (iii) a functional role of Se in the inflammatory response. The role of Se and mechanisms underlying the relationship between glucocorticoid and cytokine remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Devalloir
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Yara Alchammas
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Driget
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Amiot
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Shinji Ozaki
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Nico van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, 6700 EA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, CNRS / Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Wu X, Lai J, Yan B, Gong Q. Molecular mechanisms of physiological change under acute total dissolved gas supersaturation stress in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97911-97924. [PMID: 37603244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
During the dam discharging period, the strong aeration of high-speed water leads to the supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) in the downstream water, which causes gas bubble disease (GBD) in fish and threatens their survival. TDG supersaturation has now become an ecological and environmental issue of global concern; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the physiological effect of TDG supersaturation on fish is poorly known. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effect of TDG supersaturation on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco at the histopathological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels. After exposure to 116% TDG, P. fulvidraco exhibited classic GBD symptoms and pathological changes in gills. The level of superoxide dismutase was highly significantly decreased. Transcriptomic results revealed that heat shock proteins (HSPs) and a large number of genes involved in immunity were increased by TDG stress. A key environmental sensor PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was significantly stimulated for defence against stress. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that key metabolites and genes were upregulated in the triacylglycerol synthesis pathway and that amino acid levels decreased, which might be associated with TDG supersaturation stress. The present study demonstrated that TDG supersaturation could cause severe physiological damage in fish. HSP genes, immune functions, and energy metabolic pathways were enhanced to counteract the adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Chen
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Jiansheng Lai
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Boqin Yan
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Quan Gong
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Y, Ma X, Jiang Y, Han J, Zhang R, Xu X, Zhang W, Man C. Circular RNA circAKIRIN2 participates in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109746. [PMID: 37075663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
At present, stress-induced immunosuppression is still a hidden threat that leads to immunization failure and outbreaks of poultry diseases, and causes huge economic losses to the modern poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting viral vaccine immunity are still poorly understood. Here, we identified circAKIRIN2 as a conserved circular transcript in chicken, and explored its expression patterns in different immune states by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), then conducted bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that circAKIRIN2 actively participated in the process of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the immune response to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine. The key time points for circAKIRIN2 involving in the process were 2 day post immunization (dpi), 5 dpi, and 28 dpi, especially at the acquired immune stage. The important tissues that responded to the process included the heart, liver, and lung, all of which changed significantly. In addition, circAKIRIN2 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) sponging zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) was a potential molecular mechanism for regulating immune functions in the process. In conclusion, circAKIRIN2 is a key regulatory factor for stress-induced immunosuppression affecting the IBDV vaccine immune response, and this study can provide a new perspective for exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jianwei Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chaolai Man
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
D'Acquisto F, D'Addario C, Cooper D, Pallanti S, Blacksell I. Peripheral control of psychiatric disorders: Focus on OCD. Are we there yet? Compr Psychiatry 2023; 123:152388. [PMID: 37060625 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
"We are all in this together" - we often hear this phrase when we want to flag up a problem that is not for a single individual but concerns us all. A similar reflection has been recently made in the field of mental disorders where brain-centric scientists have started to zoom out their brain-focused graphical representations of the mechanisms regulating psychiatric diseases to include other organs or mediators that did not belong historically to the world of neuroscience. The brain itself - that has long been seen as a master in command secluded in its fortress (the blood brain barrier), has now become a collection of Airbnb(s) where all sorts of cells come in and out and sometimes even rearrange the furniture! Under this new framework of reference, mental disorders have become multisystem pathologies where different biological systems - not just the CNS -contribute 'all together' to the development and severity of the disease. In this narrative review article, we will focus on one of the most popular biological systems that has been shown to influence the functioning of the CNS: the immune system. We will specifically highlight the two main features of the immune system and the CNS that we think are important in the context of mental disorders: plasticity and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio D'Acquisto
- School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine,New York, USA; Istituto di Neuroscienze, Florence, Italy
| | - Isobel Blacksell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bruno G, Nastasi N, Subbiani A, Boaretto A, Ciullini Mannurita S, Mattei G, Nardini P, Della Bella C, Magi A, Pini A, De Marco E, Tondo A, Favre C, Calvani M. β3-adrenergic receptor on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes sustains IFN-γ-dependent PD-L1 expression and impairs anti-tumor immunity in neuroblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00599-x. [PMID: 36854895 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous extracranial tumor occurring in childhood. A distinctive feature of NB tumors is their neuroendocrine ability to secrete catecholamines, which in turn, via β-adrenergic receptors ligation, may affect different signaling pathways in tumor microenvironment (TME). It was previously demonstrated that specific antagonism of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) on NB tumor cells affected tumor growth and progression. Here, in a murine syngeneic model of NB, we aimed to investigate whether the β3-AR modulation influenced the host immune system response against tumor. Results demonstrated that β3-AR antagonism lead to an immune response reactivation, partially dependent on the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis involvement. Indeed, β3-AR blockade on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) dampened their ability to secrete IFN-γ, which in turn reduced the PD-L1 expression, caused by TILs infiltration, on NB tumor cells. Further investigations, through a genomic analysis on NB patients, showed that high ADRB3 gene expression correlates with worse clinical outcome compared to the low expression group, and that ADRB3 gene expression affects different immune-related pathways. Overall, results indicate that β3-AR in NB TME is able to modulate the interaction between tumor and host immune system, and that its antagonism hits multiple pro-tumoral signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Nastasi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Subbiani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Boaretto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Ciullini Mannurita
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Marco
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rose CL, McGuire H, Graham K, Siegler J, de St Groth BF, Caillaud C, Edwards KM. Partial body cryotherapy exposure drives acute redistribution of circulating lymphocytes: preliminary findings. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:407-415. [PMID: 36348102 PMCID: PMC9894947 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Partial body cryotherapy (PBC) is proposed to alleviate symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) by reducing associated inflammation. No studies have assessed acute PBC exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear cell mobilisation or compared these with cold water immersion (CWI), which may inform how PBC impacts inflammatory processes. This trial examined the impact of a single PBC exposure on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to CWI or a control. 26 males were randomised into either PBC (3 min at - 110 to - 140 °C), CWI (3 min at 9 °C), or control (3 min at 24 °C), with blood samples, heart rate, and blood pressure taken before and after exposure. Cytometric analysis determined that CD8+ T-cell populations were significantly elevated after treatments, with PBC increasing CD8+ T cells to a greater degree than either CWI or CON. Natural killer cell counts were also elevated after PBC, with the increase attributed specifically to the CD56loCD16+ cytotoxic subset. This provides the first evidence for the effect of PBC exposure on redistribution of immune cells. An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8+ T cells and CD56loCD16+ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. PBC may thus enable a more efficient trafficking of these cells from the circulation to the site of initial cellular insult from exercise, potentially accelerating the process of cellular recovery. This provides novel evidence on the use of PBC as a recovery treatment and may also have applicability in other clinical settings involving the recovery of damaged skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L. Rose
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney and School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Helen McGuire
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney and School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Kenneth Graham
- Applied Research Programme, New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, Australia ,Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jason Siegler
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney and School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney and School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Kate M. Edwards
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney and School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Föhse K, Taks EJM, Moorlag SJCFM, Bonten MJM, van Crevel R, Ten Oever J, van Werkhoven CH, Netea MG, van de Maat JS, Hoogerwerf JJ. The impact of circadian rhythm on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination effects on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:980711. [PMID: 36875134 PMCID: PMC9978461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.980711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective A recent study has suggested that circadian rhythm has an important impact on the immunological effects induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the timing of BCG vaccination (morning or afternoon) affects its impact on severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and clinically relevant respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods This is a post-hoc analysis of the BCG-CORONA-ELDERLY (NCT04417335) multicenter, placebo-controlled trial, in which participants aged 60 years and older were randomly assigned to vaccination with BCG or placebo, and followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To assess the impact of circadian rhythm on the BCG effects, participants were divided into four groups: vaccinated with either BCG or placebo in the morning (between 9:00h and 11:30h) or in the afternoon (between 14:30h and 18:00h). Results The subdistribution hazard ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first six months after vaccination was 2.394 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.856-6.696) for the morning BCG group and 0.284 (95% CI, 0.055-1.480) for the afternoon BCG group. When comparing those two groups, the interaction hazard ratio was 8.966 (95% CI, 1.366-58.836). In the period from six months until 12 months after vaccination cumulative incidences of SARS-CoV-2 infection were comparable, as well as cumulative incidences of clinically relevant RTI in both periods. Conclusion Vaccination with BCG in the afternoon offered better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections than BCG vaccination in the morning in the first six months after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Föhse
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Taks
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H van Werkhoven
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josephine S van de Maat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jacobien J Hoogerwerf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carbillet J, Hollain M, Rey B, Palme R, Pellerin M, Regis C, Geffré A, Duhayer J, Pardonnet S, Debias F, Merlet J, Lemaître JF, Verheyden H, Gilot-Fromont E. Age and spatio-temporal variations in food resources modulate stress-immunity relationships in three populations of wild roe deer. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114141. [PMID: 36272446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living in variable and unpredictable environments, organisms face recurrent stressful situations. The endocrine stress response, which includes the secretion of glucocorticoids, helps organisms to cope with these perturbations. Although short-term elevations of glucocorticoid levels are often associated with immediate beneficial consequences for individuals, long-term glucocorticoid elevation can compromise key physiological functions such as immunity. While laboratory works highlighted the immunosuppressive effect of long-term elevated glucocorticoids, it remains largely unknown, especially in wild animals, whether this relationship is modulated by individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, we explored the co-variation between integrated cortisol levels, assessed non-invasively using faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs), and 12 constitutive indices of innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune functions, in wild roe deer living in three populations with previously known contrasting environmental conditions. Using longitudinal data on 564 individuals, we further investigated whether age and spatio-temporal variations in the quantity and quality of food resources modulate the relationship between FCMs and immunity. Negative covariation with glucocorticoids was evident only for innate and inflammatory markers of immunity, while adaptive immunity appeared to be positively or not linked to glucocorticoids. In addition, the negative covariations were generally stronger in individuals facing harsh environmental constraints and in old individuals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of measuring multiple immune markers of immunity in individuals from contrasted environments to unravel the complex relationships between glucocorticoids and immunity in wild animals. Our results also help explain conflicting results found in the literature and could improve our understanding of the link between elevated glucocorticoid levels and disease spread, and its consequences on population dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Carbillet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, 69280, France; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Marine Hollain
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France; Office Français de la biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, Chateauvillain 52210, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maryline Pellerin
- Office Français de la biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, Chateauvillain 52210, France
| | - Corinne Regis
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Equipe de Biologie médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Jeanne Duhayer
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Sylvia Pardonnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - François Debias
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Joël Merlet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France
| | | | - Hélène Verheyden
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, 69280, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Viola MF, Gerardo Herrera M L, da Cruz-Neto AP. The acute phase response in bats (Carollia perspicillata) varies with time and dose of the immune challenge. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:286160. [PMID: 36448935 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase response (APR) is a core component of the innate immune response and represents the first line of immune defense used in response to infections. Although several studies with vertebrates reported fever, a decrease in food intake and body mass, and an increase in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and total white blood cell count after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation, there was great variability in the magnitude of these responses. Some of these differences might reflect, to some extent, differences in the time of endotoxin inoculation (during active or rest periods) and dose. Therefore, our study tested the interplay between LPS dose and time of injection on selected physiological (fever and increase in total white blood cell count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and behavioral (food intake) components of the APR using a Neotropical fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata) as a model organism. We predicted that LPS would trigger a dose- and time-dependent response in APR components. APR components were assessed in rest and active periods after injection of three doses of LPS (5, 10 and 15 mg kg-1 LPS). The results indicate a more robust decrease in food intake at higher doses during the active period, while increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was more robust during the active period regardless of dose. Furthermore, the skin temperature increase lasted longer at higher doses regardless of the timing of injections. Our study offers important insights into the dependence of time as well as the LPS dosage effect in the APR of bats, and how they deal with the magnitude of infections at different times of day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F Viola
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Animal (LaFA), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Gerardo Herrera M
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, 48980 San Patricio, Jalisco, México
| | - Ariovaldo P da Cruz-Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Animal (LaFA), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang H, Sun M, Zhao Y, Liu G, Zhong L, Xue H, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang M. The early function of cortisol in liver during Aeromonas hydrophila infection: Dynamics of the transcriptome and accessible chromatin landscapes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989075. [PMID: 36532002 PMCID: PMC9751032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important aquaculture species; however, haemorrhagic disease (Aeromonas hydrophila induced disease) in these fish has caused tremendous economic loss due to high morbidity and mass mortality in the breeding industry. The role of cortisol in bacterial diseases, particularly in the acute phase, remains unclear. In this study, liver transcriptome (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) analyses were employed to investigate the early functional role of cortisol in Aeromonas hydrophila-stimulated responses. Our experiments confirmed that A. hydrophila infection can initially significantly increase serum cortisol levels at 1 h after infection. At this time point, the increased serum cortisol levels can significantly regulate A. hydrophila-regulated genes by affecting both transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. Cross-analysis of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq revealed that a certain gene group (92 target_DEGs) was regulated at an early time point by cortisol. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the top three pathways according to target_DEGs were cancer, glutathione metabolism, and the Notch signalling pathway. The protein-protein interaction analysis of target_DEGs revealed that they may be primarily involved in cell proliferation, CD8+ T cell function, glutathione synthesis, and activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. This suggests that after the emergence of immune stress, the early regulation of cortisol is positive against the immune response. It is possible that in this situation, the animal is attempting to avoid dangerous situations and risks and then cope with the imbalance produced by the stressor to ultimately restore homeostasis. Our results will contribute to future research on fish and provide valuable insight regarding the mechanism of immune regulation by cortisol and the study of bacterial haemorrhagic disease in channel catfish.
Collapse
|
14
|
McMurray KMJ, Sah R. Neuroimmune mechanisms in fear and panic pathophysiology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1015349. [PMID: 36523875 PMCID: PMC9745203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is unique among anxiety disorders in that the emotional symptoms (e.g., fear and anxiety) associated with panic are strongly linked to body sensations indicative of threats to physiological homeostasis. For example, panic attacks often present with feelings of suffocation that evoke hyperventilation, breathlessness, or air hunger. Due to the somatic underpinnings of PD, a major focus has been placed on interoceptive signaling and it is recognized that dysfunctional body-to-brain communication pathways promote the initiation and maintenance of PD symptomatology. While body-to-brain signaling can occur via several pathways, immune and humoral pathways play an important role in communicating bodily physiological state to the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroimmune mediators play a role in fear and panic-associated disorders, although this has not been systematically investigated. Currently, our understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in the etiology and maintenance of PD remains limited. In the current review, we attempt to summarize findings that support a role of immune dysregulation in PD symptomology. We compile evidence from human studies and panic-relevant rodent paradigms that indicate a role of systemic and brain immune signaling in the regulation of fear and panic-relevant behavior and physiology. Specifically, we discuss how immune signaling can contribute to maladaptive body-to-brain communication and conditioned fear that are relevant to spontaneous and conditioned symptoms of PD and identify putative avenues warranting future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. J. McMurray
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, and lifestyle affect the onset, progression, and recurrence of mental health disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri-implant disease. Mental health disorders are associated with more severe periodontal disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They can result in behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are also risk factors for periodontal disease and, therefore, may have a contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating immune cell numbers and function, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. Stress markers such as cortisol and catecholamines may modulate periodontal bacterial growth and the expression of virulence factors. Stress and some mental health disorders are accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation that may be involved in their relationship with periodontal disease and vice versa. Although the gut microbiome interacting with the central nervous system (gut-brain axis) is thought to play a significant role in mental illness, less is understood about the role of the oral microbiome. The evidence for mental health disorders on implant outcomes is lacking, but may mainly be through behaviourial changes. Through lack of compliance withoral hygiene and maintenance visits, peri-implant health can be affected. Increased smoking and risk of periodontal disease may also affect implant outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been linked with higher implant failure. They have an anabolic effect on bone, reducing turnover, which could account for the increased loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ball
- Centre for Rural Dentistry and Oral HealthCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Darby
- Periodontics, Melbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Assis VR, Titon SCM, Voyles J. Ecoimmunology: What Unconventional Organisms Tell Us after Two Decades. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac148. [PMID: 36250609 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vania R Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Stefanny C M Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Jamie Voyles
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bichet C, Régis C, Gilot-Fromont E, Cohas A. Variations in immune parameters with age in a wild rodent population and links with survival. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9094. [PMID: 35845372 PMCID: PMC9273568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that immune functions do not unidirectionally deteriorate with age but that a potentially adaptive remodeling, where functions of the immune system get downregulated while others get upregulated with age could also occur. Scarce in wild populations, longitudinal studies are yet necessary to properly understand the patterns and consequences of age variations of the immune system in the wild. Meanwhile, it is challenging to understand if the observed variations in immune parameters with age are due to changes at the within‐individual level or to selective (dis)appearance of individuals with peculiar immune phenotypes. Thanks to a long‐term and longitudinal monitoring of a wild Alpine marmot population, we aimed to understand within‐ and between‐individual variation in the immune phenotype with age, in order to improve our knowledge about the occurrence and the evolutionary consequences of such age variations in the wild. To do so, we recorded the age‐specific leukocyte concentration and leukocyte profile in repeatedly sampled dominant individuals. We then tested whether the potential changes with age were attributable to within‐individual variations and/or selective (dis)appearance. Finally, we investigated if the leukocyte concentration and profiles were correlated to the probability of death at a given age. The leukocyte concentration was stable with age, but the relative number of lymphocytes decreased, while the relative number of neutrophils increased, over the course of an individual's life. Moreover, between individuals of the same age, individuals with fewer lymphocytes but more neutrophils were more likely to die. Therefore, selective disappearance seems to play a role in the age variations of the immune parameters in this population. Further investigations linking age variations in immune phenotype to individual fitness are needed to understand whether remodeling of the immune system with age could or could not be adaptive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé CNRS-La Rochelle Université Villiers-en-Bois France.,Institut für Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland" (Institute of Avian Research) Wilhelmshaven Germany.,UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Corinne Régis
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Marcy-l'Etoile France
| | - Aurélie Cohas
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu M, Su M, Liu N, Zhang J. Effects of environmental salinity on the immune response of the coastal fish Scatophagus argus during bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:401-410. [PMID: 35472400 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coastal aquaculture is characterized with environmental salinity fluctuation, and the effects of salinity stress on the immunity of cultured fish are needed to be further explored. Scatophagus argus is an important species in the wild fisheries and aquaculture industry, it would be of great value to reveal the impact of salinity change on the immune response in this species. Understanding the effects of salinity stress on immune response can provide valuable insights into salinity management in the aquacultural process. The head kidney, which is an organ unique for teleost fish, functions not only as a central immune organ but also as a crucial role in the stress response during which the secretion of immunoregulatory molecules i.e. cytokines is facilitated. In the present study, Individuals of S. argus acclimated to 3 different salinities [0‰ (FW), 10‰ (BW), and 25‰ (SW)] were injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila, and then monitored throughout one week. The effects of environmental salinity on the immune response in S. argus stimulated by A. hydrophila infection were investigated. mRNA expression profiles of cytokine genes IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in different salinity groups was quite different. mRNA expression of cytokine genes in BW group and SW group rose more quickly and significantly higher than FW group (p < 0.05) at early stages (6-24 hpi) after bacterial injection, and before 96 hpi, the highest value of cytokine expression at each time point was recorded in SW group. Immune parameters such as lysozyme level, complement C3 activity and IgM content in BW and FW groups were lower than SW group at each time point from 24 to 144 hpi after bacterial injection. In addition, leukocyte profiles in the head kidney and blood were also investigated. Although hypoosmotic acclimation could temporarily stimulate monocyte and neutrophil proliferation, it was observed that the number of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes of the head kidney and blood in SW group increased more quickly than BW and FW groups after bacterial infection. Our results indicate that hypoosmotic stress due to the decrease of environmental salinity has suppressive immunoregulatory effects on the immune response of S. argus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Maoliang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nanxi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Straat ME, Martinez-Tellez B, Janssen LG, van Veen S, van Eenige R, Kharagjitsing AV, van den Berg SA, de Rijke YB, Haks MC, Rensen PC, Boon MR. The effect of cold exposure on circulating transcript levels of immune genes in Dutch South Asian and Dutch Europid men. J Therm Biol 2022; 107:103259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Liao S, Luo J, Kadier T, Ding K, Chen R, Meng Q. Mitochondrial DNA Release Contributes to Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854994. [PMID: 35370747 PMCID: PMC8966724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria release many damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) when cells are damaged or stressed, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) being. MtDNA activates innate immune responses and induces inflammation through the TLR-9, NLRP3 inflammasome, and cGAS-STING signaling pathways. Released inflammatory factors cause damage to intestinal barrier function. Many bacteria and endotoxins migrate to the circulatory system and lymphatic system, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and even damaging the function of multiple organs throughout the body. This process may ultimately lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Recent studies have shown that various factors, such as the release of mtDNA and the massive infiltration of inflammatory factors, can cause intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This destroys intestinal barrier function, induces an inflammatory storm, leads to SIRS, increases the vulnerability of organs, and develops into MODS. Mitophagy eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. This review discusses mtDNA release during the pathogenesis of intestinal I/R and summarizes methods for the prevention or treatment of intestinal I/R. We also discuss the effects of inflammation and increased intestinal barrier permeability on drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tulanisa Kadier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Christie Monteiro Titon S, Titon Junior B, Cobo de Figueiredo A, Rangel Floreste F, Siqueira Lima A, Cunha Cyrino J, Ribeiro Gomes F. Plasma steroids and immune measures vary with restraint duration in a toad (Rhinella icterica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 318:113987. [PMID: 35131311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immunoenhancing effects have been widely described following acute stressors in several vertebrates, and valuable contributions have been made from studies on acute stress to understand hormonal-immune interactions. However, most studies focus on hormonal and immune responses after standardized time lapses, neglecting potential influence of duration of exposition to stressor. Herein, we investigate fluctuations of plasma hormone concentrations (corticosterone and testosterone) and immunity (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, phagocytosis of blood cells, and plasma bacterial killing ability) in a toad species (Rhinella icterica) in response to six different periods of exposure to restraint stress. We observed increased plasma corticosterone concentrations following restraint in all sampled times (0.5 to 48 h), with the highest values being observed during the first hour (0.5 to 1 h). Restraint-induced increases in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and phagocytosis percentage were observed from the first 0.5 h, gradually increasing after that with the time of restraint. We also observed decreased testosterone plasma concentrations in response to a more prolonged restraint (24 and 48 h). No changes were observed in plasma bacterial killing ability following restraint. Together, our results demonstrate dynamic time-related hormonal and immune changes. These results point to the fact that for some species measuring hormonal and immune variables at single time points following a stressor might work better when preceded by a study of the temporal changes of the response variables to the stimuli applied. Also, time of response needs to be considered when different variables are used as proxies of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Braz Titon Junior
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Aymam Cobo de Figueiredo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Felipe Rangel Floreste
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alan Siqueira Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Cunha Cyrino
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cámara-Ruiz M, García-Beltrán JM, Cerezo IM, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ, Esteban MÁ. Immunomodulation and skin microbiota perturbations during an episode of chronic stress in gilthead seabream. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:234-245. [PMID: 35172213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish stress is a major concern in the aquaculture industry. Many stressors coming from routine practices can predispose fish to compromised growth, immunity and overall health. This study focuses on the characterization of the skin microbiota using next generation sequencing (NGS) platform by targeting a genomic marker 16S and to determine growth performance and immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) during an episode of chronic stress. Two groups were established: control group and chronically stressed group. Stressed fish were subjected to 1 min air exposure twice a week for 4 weeks. Results showed that stress negatively affected fish growth performance. Cellular and humoral systemic immunity remained unaffected while local immunity in skin was positively stimulated (total IgM and peroxidase). Skin mucus microbial composition showed significant differences especially after 14 days. Stressed fish showed a decrease in the abundance of the genera Acinetobacter, NS3a_marine_group and Pseudomonas, while Pseudoalteromonas and Marinagarivorans increased significantly. In conclusion, air exposure stress was associated with alterations in skin mucosal immunity and microbial composition that may have been beneficial to the host favoring adaptation to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cámara-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel M Cerezo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Supercomputing and Bioinnovation Center, Technological Park, University of Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Balebona
- Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Serrano JO, Villares-Garachana A, Correa-Herrera N, González-Morales A, Pérez-Bonachea L, Hernández L, Lorente G, Hajari E, Fonseca-Fuentes N, Martínez-Melo J, Lorenzo JC. Impacts of short-term water restriction on Pelibuey sheep: physiological and blood parameters. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:39. [PMID: 35006405 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the projected effects of climate change is a reduction in rainfall in certain regions of the world. Hence, the agricultural and livestock sectors will have to cope with increasing incidences of water shortage while still maintaining productivity levels to feed an ever increasing global population. This short communication reports on the effect of a 2-week water stress on Pelibuey sheep in Cuba. Three treatments were compared, viz. supply of water ad libitum, water supplied once every 3 or 6 days. Following exposure to the water stress, the results showed no changes in sheep body weight or rectal temperature. However, respiration frequency was affected with water stress causing a reduction from 23.3 to 13.3 respirations per min in control and water-deprived animals, respectively. Furthermore, there was evidence for hemoconcentration in response to water stress (levels of hemoglobin increased from 9.2 to 13.1 g L-1 and hematocrits from 27.6 to 39.3% in the control group and animals restricted to water once every 6 days. The imposed water stress was also evident in the reduction of lymphocytes (from ±63 to 43%), and in increase of neutrophils (from approximately 38 to 54%) and leukocytes (from 3133 to 4933 per mm3). The results indicated a decline in the levels of antioxidants, i.e., SOD from approximately 13 to 10 U mg-1 protein and CAT activity from 23 to 9 U mg-1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the response of Pelibuey sheep to short-term water shortage stress under Cuban environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Orlay Serrano
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ciego de Ávila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Lisbet Pérez-Bonachea
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Lázaro Hernández
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Gustavo Lorente
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Elliosha Hajari
- Plant Improvement, Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - Norge Fonseca-Fuentes
- Centro de Estudio de Producción Animal (CEPA), Universidad de Granma (UDG), carretera de Manzanillo km 17 ½ CP, 85100, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
| | - Jorge Martínez-Melo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ciego de Ávila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - José Carlos Lorenzo
- Laboratory for Breeding and Conservation of Genetic Resources, Bioplant Center, University of Ciego de Avila, 69450, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Einstein O, Katz A, Ben-Hur T. Physical exercise therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation: Application of knowledge from animal models to patient care. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103033. [PMID: 34995760 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) impacts various autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, clinical trials demonstrated the safety of PE in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and indicated beneficial outcomes. There is also an increasing body of research on the beneficial effects of exercise on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, and various mechanisms underlying these effects were suggested. However, despite the documented favorable impact of PE on our health, we still lack a thorough understanding of its effects on autoimmune neuroinflammation and specific guidelines of PE therapy for MS patients are lacking. To that end, current findings on the impact of PE on autoimmune neuroinflammation, both in human MS and animal models are reviewed. The concept of personalized PE therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation is discussed, and future research for providing biological rationale for clinical trials to pave the road for precise PE therapy in MS patients is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McCarty KJ, Tipton JE, Ricks RE, Danielo J, Thompson JS, Block E, Pratt SL, Long NM. Effects of post-weaning supplementation of immunomodulatory feed ingredient on circulating cytokines and microbial populations in programmed fed beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6468901. [PMID: 34919676 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of an immunomodulatory feed ingredient following weaning on cytokine expression and fecal microbial populations of heifers. Commercial Angus heifers (n = 72) were weaned (227 ± 7 d of age), blocked by BW (n = 9 blocks) and randomly assigned to one of 2 pens per block. Pens within weight block (4 heifers/pen) were then randomly assigned to treatments. Heifers were fed twice daily from d 0-60 (to gain 0.75kg/day) and top-dressed with either 18g/heifer/d of the immunomodulatory feed ingredient (Celmanax; Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Princeton, NJ, USA; CEL) or corn-germ meal (CON). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and fecal grab samples on d 0 of the feeding trial. After d 60, two heifers per pen (n=32) were randomly selected for a transportation challenge. Serum samples were collected at h 0, 4, 8, 12 and fecal grab samples at h -24, 0, 24 and 7d post-challenge. Blood samples were analyzed for interferonγ (IFNγ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and haptoglobin (HP) using commercially available ELISA kits and qRT-PCR for genes of interest associated with cytokine expression. Fecal samples were enumerated for Clostridia and E. coli using selective media (≤ 5 isolates from each media/sample), tested to determine if they were C. perfringens or pathogenic E. coli, and then enriched for detection of Salmonella. Data was analyzed via ANOVA. During the feeding trial, HP was reduced (P = 0.018) in CEL compared to CON at d 15, 45, and 60, while IFNγ and IL-8 did not differ (P > 0.080) between treatments. All cytokines were decreased (P < 0.001) in CEL compared to CON during the challenge. During the feeding trial, HP mRNA was increased (P = 0.045) in CEL compared to CON at d 30 and 60. Similarly, IFNγ mRNA was increased (P = 0.040) in CEL compared to CON, however, other genes of interest did not differ (P > 0.172). Both C. perfringens and total E. coli counts were decreased (P = 0.036) in CEL compared to CON at 24h after the start of the transportation challenge. Clostridia and pathogenic E. coli counts did not differ (P = 0.941) between treatments. Total Clostridia and E. coli counts were increased (P < 0.014) 24h post-challenge. All microbial populations, except pathogenic E. coli, observed decreased (P ≤ 0.009) counts from 24h to 7d post-challenge. Overall, Celmanax supplementation decreased circulating cytokines, and altered microbial populations and gene expression, thus, may serve a role in preparing animals to better cope with immunological challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keelee J McCarty
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jessie E Tipton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Ralph E Ricks
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jessica Danielo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - Jesse S Thompson
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ, United Sates of America
| | - Elliot Block
- Arm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ, United Sates of America
| | - S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United Sates of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guo H, Dixon B. Understanding acute stress-mediated immunity in teleost fish. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
27
|
Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110598. [PMID: 34822469 PMCID: PMC8617847 DOI: 10.3390/md19110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.
Collapse
|
28
|
Short-term stressors and corticosterone effects on immunity in male toads ( Rhinella icterica): A neuroimmune-endocrine approach. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100230. [PMID: 34589745 PMCID: PMC8474493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it is growing the idea that stress-induced immunomodulation is bimodal: with acute stress associated with enhancing effects while chronic stress with suppressive effects. However, the immune-endocrine interactions and its implications are often overlooked in ectotherms. We investigated the impact of corticosterone (CORT) treatment and short-term stressors on CORT plasma levels and the immunity of male toads (Rhinella icterica), using three distinct protocols: restraint, immune challenge (with lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and CORT transdermal application (TA). Our results showed increased CORT and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio (NLR) regardless of the stress input (restraint, LPS challenge) or CORT TA. In the meantime, the bacterial killing ability (BKA) was not affected by any treatment, suggesting this immune parameter might be a more constitutive and robust response. Interestingly, the cellular immune response showed distinct patterns. Increased phagocytosis of blood leukocytes and phytohemagglutinin edema followed LPS and CORT TA (15 μg), respectively. In contrast, the phagocytosis of peritoneal leukocytes decreased after CORT TA (1 and 10 μg), indicating that short-term increases in CORT levels might impair local immune function. Such differences in cellular immunity might also be associated with CORT doses or the interaction between CORT and other immune mediators, such as melatonin, testosterone, and cytokines. Overall, our results highlight the immune-enhancing effects of the acute stress response and CORT TA, and the complexity of the immune-endocrine interaction in anurans. It also highlights the relevance of investigating distinct contexts for CORT increase arising from different situations, as well as diverse immune components for a better understanding of the stress-induced immunomodulation. Restraint, LPS and exogenous CORT increased CORT plasma levels in Rhinella icterica. Distinct acute stressors and exogenous CORT increased neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio. LPS induced increased phagocytosis of blood cells. Exogenous CORT increased PHA edema, and decreased phagocytosis of peritoneal cells. BKA were sustained in all acute stress protocols and exogenous CORT treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferreira LF, Garcia Neto PG, Titon SCM, Titon B, Muxel SM, Gomes FR, Assis VR. Lipopolysaccharide Regulates Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, Corticosterone, and Melatonin in Toads. Integr Org Biol 2021; 3:obab025. [PMID: 34589667 PMCID: PMC8475549 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids and melatonin (MEL) show integrated and complex immunomodulatory effects, mostly described for endotherms, yet underexplored in amphibians. In this context, the RT-qPCR of molecules mediating inflammatory processes in amphibians is a valuable tool to explore the relationships among molecular biology, endocrine mediators, and immune response in these animals. In this study, toads (Rhinella diptycha) received an intraperitoneal saline injection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg). Six hours post-injection, we analyzed plasma corticosterone (CORT) and MEL levels and pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and C1s). We found increased CORT and decreased MEL levels in response to LPS. Also, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were upregulated in LPS-injected toads compared with saline-injected toads. Overall, our results demonstrate an LPS-induced inflammatory response with endocrine and immune modulation in R. diptycha toads, exhibiting expected patterns for an inflammatory stimulus within this time frame (6 h post-injection). Toads were responsive to LPS by secreting different cytokines, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, related to immune cell attraction to inflammatory sites and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which limits the rate of leukocyte infiltration, inflammation, and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Increased circulating CORT levels are probably associated with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis by the LPS and the endocrine actions of IL-6. Furthermore, decreased circulating MEL levels are likely due to inhibited MEL secretion by the pineal gland by inflammatory stimuli, indicating the activation/existence of the immune-pineal axis in amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras do Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André, Avenida Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - P G Garcia Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - S C M Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - B Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - S M Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - F R Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - V R Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lavergne SG, Krebs CJ, Kenney AJ, Boutin S, Murray D, Palme R, Boonstra R. The impact of variable predation risk on stress in snowshoe hares over the cycle in North America's boreal forest: adjusting to change. Oecologia 2021; 197:71-88. [PMID: 34435235 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The boreal forest is one of the world's ecosystems most affected by global climate warming. The snowshoe hare, its predators, and their population dynamics dominate the mammalian component of the North American boreal forest. Our past research has shown the 9-11-year hare cycle to be predator driven, both directly as virtually all hares that die are killed by their predators, and indirectly through sublethal risk effects on hare stress physiology, behavior, and reproduction. We replicated this research over the entire cycle by measuring changes in predation risk expected to drive changes in chronic stress. We examined changes in hare condition and stress axis function using a hormonal challenge protocol in the late winter of 7 years-spanning all phases of the cycle from the increase through to the low (2014-2020). We simultaneously monitored changes in hare abundance as well as those of their primary predators, lynx and coyotes. Despite observing the expected changes in hare-predator numbers over the cycle, we did not see the predicted changes in chronic stress metrics in the peak and decline phases. Thus, the comprehensive physiological signature indicative of chronic predator-induced stress seen from our previous work was not present in this current cycle. We postulate that hares may now be increasingly showing behavior-mediated rather than stress-mediated responses to their predators. We present evidence that increases in primary productivity have affected boreal community structure and function. We speculate that climate change has caused this major shift in the indirect effects of predation on hares.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Lavergne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alice J Kenney
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis Murray
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morishita S, Hamaue Y, Fukushima T, Tanaka T, Fu JB, Nakano J. Effect of Exercise on Mortality and Recurrence in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420917462. [PMID: 32476493 PMCID: PMC7273753 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420917462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Exercise could lower the risk of cancer recurrence and
improve mortality, exercise capacity, physical and cardiovascular function,
strength, and quality of life in patients with cancer. This systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to determine the
effects of exercise on mortality and recurrence in patients with cancer.
Methods: We searched for articles published before May 2019 in
MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, ProQuest, and PEDro. We included
RCTs of exercise interventions, such as resistance exercise and aerobic
exercise, in patients with cancer that evaluated the risk of mortality and
recurrence. The standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
was calculated for quantitative indices. The random-effect model was used as the
pooling method. Results: Of 2868 retrieved articles, 8 RCTs were
included in the meta-analysis, with a mean PEDro score of 4.50 (SD = 1.25).
Exercise significantly reduced the risk of mortality in patients with cancer and
in cancer survivors (risk ratio [RR] = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.40-0.93,
I2 = 0%, P = .009). Exercise
significantly reduced the risk of recurrence in cancer survivors (RR = 0.52, 95%
CI = 0.29-0.92, I2 = 25%, P =
.030). Conclusion: This study found that exercise has a favorable
effect on mortality and recurrence in patients with cancer. However, the effect
could not be fully determined due to data insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Hamaue
- Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Tanaka
- Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jack B Fu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cui M, Zhou T, Feng S, Liu X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Yu X. Altered microstructural pattern of white matter in Cushing's disease identified by automated fiber quantification. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102770. [PMID: 34332193 PMCID: PMC8339293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that altered brain structure plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychological abnormalities induced by hypercortisolism in patients with Cushing's disease. While most studies mainly focus on gray matter, white matter structure has been largely overlooked. In the current study, we conducted a cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging study on 58 patients with Cushing's disease and 54 matched healthy individuals to profile the microstructural pattern using automated fiber quantification and investigate its association with neuroendocrine and neuropsychological deficits. The study revealed that microstructural pattern showed a widespread mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity increase, fractional anisotropy decrease and partial axial diffusivity increase among tracts notably in corpus callosum forceps, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and arcuate fasciculus, while within the same tract abnormalities localized to specific positions. Moreover, compromised microstructural pattern of white matter in specific tracts and locations along the trajectory were associated with ACTH and cortisol concentration and cognitive decline in patients with Cushing's disease. Collectively, our study elucidates the form of white matter pathology induced by hypercortisolism and its association with cognitive decline which may provide further targets for early identification and intervention of Cushing's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Cui
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fuyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The paraventricular thalamus serves as a nexus in the regulation of stress and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:36-44. [PMID: 33540073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many temperate zone animals exhibit seasonal rhythms in physiology and behavior, including seasonal cycles of reproduction, energetics, stress responsiveness, and immune function, among many others. These rhythms are driven by seasonal changes in the duration of pineal melatonin secretion. The neural melatonin target tissues that mediate several of these rhythms have been identified, though the target(s) mediating melatonin's regulation of glucocorticoid secretion, immune cell numbers, and bacterial killing capacity remain unspecified. The present results indicate that one melatonin target tissue, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), is necessary for the expression of these seasonal rhythms. Thus, while radiofrequency ablations of the PVT failed to alter testicular and body mass response to short photoperiod exposure, they did block the effect of short day lengths on cortisol secretion and bacterial killing efficacy. These results are consistent with the independent regulation by separate neural circuits of several physiological traits that vary seasonally in mammals.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng J, Li F, Lai Y, Chen J, Sun X, Xiang L, Jiang P, Wu S, Xiao Y, Zhou L, Luo R, Zhao X, Liu Y. Association of stress management skills and stressful life events with allergy risk: a case-control study in southern China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1279. [PMID: 34193097 PMCID: PMC8247235 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress and stressful life events are known to aggravate allergic diseases. Less is known about the impact of stress management skills on allergies. Here we sought to determine whether stress management skills are associated with the allergies and to assess the combined effects of stress management skills and stressful events on allergy risk. METHODS A survey on risk factors for self-reported allergic diseases was carried out among 28,144 southern Chinese people; 14 stressful life events and 8 stress management skills were retrospectively recorded in a case-control setting with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multiplicative and additive interactions between stressful events and stress management skills were evaluated. RESULTS Stressful events significantly increased allergy risk. The odds ratio (OR) for allergies was 1.65 (95% confidence interval CI, 1.41-1.93) for those reporting one or two stressful events and 3.10 (95% CI, 2.55-3.79) for those reporting more than three stressful events compared to participants without stressful events. Stress management skills were adversely associated with allergic risk for people experiencing stressful events (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.97) when adjusted demographically, particularly "concentrate on pleasant thoughts at bedtime" (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.89), "pace myself to prevent tiredness" (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54-0.83), "get enough sleep" (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32-0.72) and "take some time for relaxation each day" (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.80). But in people without stressful events, no association was observed. There was a significant linear trend for allergy risk from good stress management skills with no stressful events to poor stress management skills with stressful events (P < 0.001), with significant interaction in additive models (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS There are independent and antagonistic combined associations of stressful life events and stress management skills with allergy risk. The data supports the use of stress management skills in managing allergic disease among people with stressful life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yigui Lai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengwei Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu QJ, Zhu DD, Wang DD, Zhang BB, Ren A, Zhang ZB. Effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine on the lymphocyte proliferation and intestinal immune gene expression in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:18-24. [PMID: 34229107 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the lymphocyte proliferation and intestinal immune relevant gene expression in broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. 240 1-day-old broilers were divided randomly into four groups in a completely randomized design, each of which had 6 replicates. Birds were reared in battery cages for 21 days. The experimental groups were as follows: control group (unchallenged group, CON), basal diet; Salmonella Enteritidis challenged group (challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of Salmonella Enteritidis, SCC), basal diet; Gln 1, basal diet plus Salmonella Enteritidis challenged plus Gln at 0.5% diet; Gln 2, basal diet plus Salmonella Enteritidis challenged plus Gln at 1.0% diet. The results showed that Salmonella Enteritidis infection led to some decrease in the relative weight of spleen and bursa (except at 21 d), lymphocyte percentage, number of proliferation peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, and increased the heterophil percentage, H/L ratio, mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with the measurements of these parameters in the CON group at d 4, 7, 14, and 21 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, chickens fed the Gln showed improved the relative weight of spleen and bursa, increased the lymphocyte percentage, number of proliferation peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, and decreased the heterophil percentage, H/L ratio, and immune relevant gene expression in the jejunal and ileal mucosa compared with the measurements of these parameters in the SCC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that Gln as a feed additive could be effective for reducing the detrimental effects of Salmonella Enteritidis infection, and increase the intestinal immune barrier function of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Dou Dou Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Dou Dou Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Bing Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Ao Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhi Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huber N, Mahr K, Tóth Z, Szarka EZ, Çınar YU, Salmón P, Lendvai ÁZ. The stressed bird in the hand: Influence of sampling design on the physiological stress response in a free-living songbird. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113488. [PMID: 34097972 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widely used application of standardized capture-handling protocols to collect blood and assess the physiological stress response, the actual sampling design (e.g., timing and the number of blood samples) often differs between studies, and the potential implications for the measured physiological endpoints remain understudied. We, therefore experimentally tested the effects of repeated handling and multiple blood sampling on the stress response in wintering free-living great tits (Parus major). We modified a well-established sampling protocol of avian studies by adding either an additional blood sample or a "sham-manipulation" (i.e., handling associated with the blood sampling procedure without venepuncture), to disentangle the effects of handling stress and blood loss. We combined three different stress metrics along the endocrine-immune interface to investigate the acute short-term stress response: total corticosterone concentrations (Cort), the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H:L), and the Leucocyte Coping Capacity (LCC). Our study provided three key results: i) no relationship between Cort levels, LCC and H:L, confirming that these three parameters represent different physiological endpoints within the stress response; ii) contrasting dynamics in response to stress by the measured parameters and iii) no difference in physiological stress levels 30 min after capture due to one additional blood sampling or handling event. By optimising the sampling design, our results provide implications for animal welfare and planning experimental procedures on stress physiology in passerine species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Huber
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Mahr
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Tóth
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Z Szarka
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yusuf U Çınar
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hofmann T, Schmucker S, Grashorn M, Stefanski V. Short- and long-term consequences of stocking density during rearing on the immune system and welfare of laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101243. [PMID: 34175797 PMCID: PMC8253997 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Already during early life, chickens need to cope with chronic stressors that can impair their health and welfare, with stocking density being one of the most influential factors. Nevertheless, there is a gap in research on the influence of stocking density on laying hens during rearing and in the subsequent laying period. This study therefore investigated how stocking density during rearing affects the immune system and welfare of pullets, and whether effects are persistent later in life. Pullets were reared at either low (13 birds/m2) or high (23 birds/m2) stocking densities but in identical group sizes from wk 7 to 17. Afterward, hens were kept at the same stocking density (2.4 birds/m2) until wk 28. Blood and tissue samples (spleen and cecal tonsils) were collected at the end of the rearing period and in the laying period. The parameters evaluated encompassed number and distribution of leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets in blood and lymphatic tissue, lymphocyte functionality, plasma corticosterone concentrations as well as behavior and physical appearance of hens. At the end of rearing, pullets kept under high stocking density had lower numbers of T lymphocytes, especially γδ T cells in blood, spleen, and cecal tonsils and displayed a higher heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. These effects are mostly persistent during the laying period, although stocking density was identical at this time. Furthermore, birds from the high stocking density group showed less active behavior, more pecking behavior and worse physical appearance throughout both examination periods. In conclusion, stocking density during rearing affects pullets' immune system and behavior not only in the rearing, but also subsequently in the laying period, indicating a strong correlation between health and welfare during rearing and the laying period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hofmann
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sonja Schmucker
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Grashorn
- Livestock Population Genomics, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Behavioral Physiology of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
β-Ionone Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Suppression of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050619. [PMID: 33919331 PMCID: PMC8143342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major contributing factor of skin aging, which is clinically characterized by wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and dryness. In particular, glucocorticoids are generally considered key hormones for promoting stress-induced skin aging through binding to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). In this work, we aimed to investigate whether β-ionone (a compound occurring in various foods such as carrots and almonds) attenuates dexamethasone-induced suppression of collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts, and to explore the mechanisms involved. We found that β-ionone promoted collagen production dose-dependently and increased mRNA expression levels, including collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in dexamethasone-treated human dermal fibroblasts. It also raised hyaluronic acid synthase mRNA expression and hyaluronic acid levels. Notably, β-ionone inhibited cortisol binding to GR, subsequent dexamethasone-induced GR signaling, and the expression of several GR target genes. Our results reveal the strong potential of β-ionone for preventing stress-induced skin aging and suggest that its effects are related to the inhibition of GR signaling in human dermal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fries-Craft K, Meyer MM, Sato Y, El-Gazzar M, Bobeck EA. Age and Staphylococcus aureus Inoculation Route Differentially Alter Metabolic Potential and Immune Cell Populations in Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:653129. [PMID: 33842579 PMCID: PMC8032939 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.653129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018 and 2019, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from multiple post-molt commercial laying hens with unusually high mortality. A challenge study was conducted to elucidate the role of S. aureus in this disease outbreak and the work herein represents the assessment of immunological responses in laying hens experimentally infected with S. aureus isolates from these cases. A total of 200 laying hens at 22 or 96 weeks of age (100/ age group) were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental inoculation groups (negative control, oral gavage, subcutaneous injection, or intravenous injection) after a 72 h acclimation period. Blood samples were taken prior to inoculation (baseline), 6 h post-inoculation (pi), 24 hpi, 3 dpi, and 7 dpi. Additional spleen samples to further assess systemic immunity were taken at baseline, 3 and 8 dpi. Metabolic phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and assessed by Seahorse metabolic assay. Immune cell profiles in the spleen and PBMC were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. At baseline, 96-week-old laying hens had 26.7% fewer PBMC-derived T cells compared to 22-week-old birds. Older hens had 28.9% increased helper T cell (TH) populations and 60.5% reduced γδ T cells (P = 0.03 and < 0.0001) which may contribute to variable clinical responses between age groups; however, no age-related differences in metabolic potential were observed. Metabolic outcomes showed that birds remained stressed from transport and re-housing past a 72 h acclimation period and through 24 h- 3 days post-inoculation. Inoculation with S. aureus generally reduced oxidative and glycolytic potentials compared to the control, with the greatest reductions observed in birds inoculated by intravenous injection (P < 0.05). Overall CD3+ T cell populations showed significant reductions in the intravenous group compared to other inoculation routes from 24 hpi to 7 dpi (23.6–39.0%; P ≤ 0.0001). These results suggest that age-related baseline differences in T cell populations and changes to T cell subpopulations and other immune cells due to inoculation route may have an additive effect on S. aureus- induced reductions in metabolic potential; however, further research linking metabolic potential and immune cell profiles is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krysten Fries-Craft
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Meaghan M Meyer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mohamed El-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
König R, Kolte A, Ahlers O, Oswald M, Krauss V, Roell D, Sommerfeld O, Dimopoulos G, Tsangaris I, Antoniadou E, Jaishankar N, Bogatsch H, Löffler M, Rödel M, Garcia-Moreno M, Tuchscherr L, Sprung CL, Singer M, Brunkhorst F, Oppert M, Gerlach H, Claus RA, Coldewey SM, Briegel J, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Keh D, Bauer M. Use of IFNγ/IL10 Ratio for Stratification of Hydrocortisone Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607217. [PMID: 33767693 PMCID: PMC7985546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large clinical trials testing hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock have produced conflicting results. Subgroups may benefit of hydrocortisone treatment depending on their individual immune response. We performed an exploratory analysis of the database from the international randomized controlled clinical trial Corticosteroid Therapy of Septic Shock (CORTICUS) employing machine learning to a panel of 137 variables collected from the Berlin subcohort comprising 83 patients including demographic and clinical measures, organ failure scores, leukocyte counts and levels of circulating cytokines. The identified theranostic marker was validated against data from a cohort of the Hellenic Sepsis Study Group (HSSG) (n = 246), patients enrolled in the clinical trial of Sodium Selenite and Procalcitonin Guided Antimicrobial Therapy in Severe Sepsis (SISPCT, n = 118), and another, smaller clinical trial (Crossover study, n = 20). In addition, in vitro blood culture experiments and in vivo experiments in mouse models were performed to assess biological plausibility. A low serum IFNγ/IL10 ratio predicted increased survival in the hydrocortisone group whereas a high ratio predicted better survival in the placebo group. Using this marker for a decision rule, we applied it to three validation sets and observed the same trend. Experimental studies in vitro revealed that IFNγ/IL10 was negatively associated with the load of (heat inactivated) pathogens in spiked human blood and in septic mouse models. Accordingly, an in silico analysis of published IFNγ and IL10 values in bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients with the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome supported this association between the ratio and pathogen burden. We propose IFNγ/IL10 as a molecular marker supporting the decision to administer hydrocortisone to patients in septic shock. Prospective clinical studies are necessary and standard operating procedures need to be implemented, particularly to define a generic threshold. If confirmed, IFNγ/IL10 may become a suitable theranostic marker for an urging clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amol Kolte
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Ahlers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Veiko Krauss
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Roell
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - George Dimopoulos
- 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Antoniadou
- Intensive Care Unit, “George Gennimatas” Thessaloniki General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Neeraja Jaishankar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Rödel
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Charles L. Sprung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Division of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Oppert
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Herwig Gerlach
- Department of Anesthesia, Operative Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Management, Vivantes Neukölln Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf A. Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Josef Briegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Didier Keh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Titon SCM, Titon Junior B, Assis VR, Vasconcelos-Teixeira R, Garcia Neto PG, Lima AS, Ferreira LDF, Fernandes PA, Gomes FR, Markus RP. Hormonal daily variation co-varies with immunity in captive male bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 303:113702. [PMID: 33359060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost all physiological processes within the organism, including immune parameters and hormones, follow a circadian rhythm. These daily fluctuations are often observed in free-living organisms; however, little is known regarding hormonal and immune daily variations in anurans, particularly under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to investigate the hormonal and immune daily variation in captive-bred Bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) under constant conditions (21 °C and 12:12 LD cycle). Our results showed a daily variation for plasma corticosterone (CORT), testosterone (T), and melatonin (MEL), as well as for blood leukocyte profile, phagocytic activity, and plasma bacterial killing ability (BKA). Hormonal profile and immune activity were higher at the dark when compared with the light phase; however, monocytes and lymphocytes followed the opposite pattern. Moreover, CORT was positively correlated with phagocytosis percentage of blood cells, BKA, and monocytes, while MEL and T showed a positive correlation with PP. Our results demonstrate the daily covariation of different immune variables and immunomodulatory hormones. These 24 h-day variations and covariation certainly have broad implications and need to be considered for better understanding anuran physiology both in the context of laboratory and field studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Braz Titon Junior
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania Regina Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alan Siqueira Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia de França Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina P Markus
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Van Tichelen K, Prims S, Ayuso M, Van Kerschaver C, Vandaele M, Degroote J, Van Cruchten S, Michiels J, Van Ginneken C. Handling Associated with Drenching Does Not Impact Survival and General Health of Low Birth Weight Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020404. [PMID: 33562568 PMCID: PMC7915206 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in litter sizes in recent years has resulted in more low birth weight (LBW) piglets, accompanied by a higher mortality. A potential intervention to overcome this is drenching bioactive substances. However, if the act of drenching provokes additional stress in LBW piglets, it might counteract the supplement's effect and be detrimental for the piglet's survival. To study the effect of the drenching act, piglets from 67 sows were weighed within 4 h after birth. The mean litter birth weight (MLBW) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. LBW piglets (n = 76) were defined as weighing between (MLBW-1*SD) and (MLBW-2.5*SD). They were randomly allocated to two treatments: "sham" (conducting the act of drenching by inserting an empty 2.5 mL syringe in the mouth during 20 s, once a day, d1 till d7; n = 37) or "no treatment" (no handling; n = 39). On day 1, 3, 9, 24 and 38, piglets were weighed and scored for skin lesions. Blood samples were collected on day 9 and 38 and analyzed to determine glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, immunoglobulin G (IgG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and a standard blood panel test. There was no difference between sham drenched and untreated piglets regarding any of the parameters. In conclusion, this study showed that drenching does not impose a significant risk to LBW piglets and can be applied safely during the first 7 days after birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van Tichelen
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.V.T.); (S.P.); (M.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Sara Prims
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.V.T.); (S.P.); (M.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.V.T.); (S.P.); (M.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Céline Van Kerschaver
- Laboratory for Animal Production and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.K.); (M.V.); (J.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Mario Vandaele
- Laboratory for Animal Production and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.K.); (M.V.); (J.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Laboratory for Animal Production and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.K.); (M.V.); (J.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.V.T.); (S.P.); (M.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Production and Animal Product Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.V.K.); (M.V.); (J.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Biomedical, Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.V.T.); (S.P.); (M.A.); (S.V.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ronchetti S, Ayroldi E, Ricci E, Gentili M, Migliorati G, Riccardi C. A Glance at the Use of Glucocorticoids in Rare Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Still an Indispensable Pharmacological Tool? Front Immunol 2021; 11:613435. [PMID: 33584696 PMCID: PMC7874096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used to treat almost all autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as allergies and some forms of malignancies, because of their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Although GCs provide only symptomatic relief and do not eliminate the cause of the pathology, in the majority of treatments, GCs frequently cannot be replaced by other classes of drugs. Consequently, long-term treatments cause adverse effects that may, in turn, lead to new pathologies that sometimes require the withdrawal of GC therapy. Therefore, thus far, researchers have focused their efforts on molecules that have the same efficacy as that of GCs but cause fewer adverse effects. To this end, some GC-induced proteins, such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), have been used as drugs in mouse models of inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we focus on some important but rare autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases for which the biomedical research investment in new therapies is less likely. Additionally, we critically evaluate the possibility of treating such diseases with other drugs, either GC-related or unrelated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ronchetti
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emira Ayroldi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Ricci
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gentili
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Scudiero O, Lombardo B, Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Gentile L, Moscarella E, Amodio F, Ranieri A, Gragnano F, Laneri S, Mazzaccara C, Di Micco P, Caiazza M, D’Alicandro G, Limongelli G, Calabrò P, Pero R, Frisso G. Exercise, Immune System, Nutrition, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases during COVID-19: A Complex Combination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:904. [PMID: 33494244 PMCID: PMC7908487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a large family of RNA viruses that can infect different living species, posing a global threat to human health. CoVs can evade the immune response, replicate within the host, and cause a rapid immune compromise culminating in severe acute respiratory syndrome. In humans, the immune system functions are influenced by physical activity, nutrition, and the absence of respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an in-depth study between the interactions of the immune system and coronaviruses in the host to defend against CoVs disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.A.); (F.G.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale AORN Dei Colli, “V.Monaldi”, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Gentile
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.A.); (F.G.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Amodio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.A.); (F.G.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Via Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Room, Ospedale Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli, 80123 Naples, Italy;
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.A.); (F.G.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.S.); (B.L.); (C.M.); (C.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Siroski PA, María Soledad MB. Review of the Recent Knowledge on the Crocodilian Immune System. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-19-00093.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Siroski
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Moleón Barsani María Soledad
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu J, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Impact of Ringer's Solution Challenge Stress to Immunostimulatory Experiment, Insights From Japanese Flounder. Front Physiol 2020; 11:612036. [PMID: 33343401 PMCID: PMC7746848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ringer's or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution buffer usually was used as dilution butter in intraperitoneal injection. Stress could activate immune response, inflammatory response and glycogen metabolic process. The impact of solution buffer as a stressor to immune system was ignored in immunostimulatory experiment. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that the innate immune response and glycogen metabolic process were altered when it were challenged with Ringer's in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). RNA-seq was performed after challenge with Ringer's at 8 h and 48 h. The data revealed that the expression profiles of blood, gill, and kidney were significantly changed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and energy metabolic and immune-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated obviously. GO and KEGG analyses showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in innate immune terms and pathways. Weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) also indicated the highest association module with stress. A total of 16 genes were detected in the gray module, which were immune-related and metabolic-related genes. These results provided fundamental information on intraperitoneal injection with solution buffer. It offered useful clues to further explore the functional mechanism of stress and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meyer EJ, Torpy DJ, Chernykh A, Thaysen-Andersen M, Nenke MA, Lewis JG, Rajapaksha H, Rankin W, Polyak SW. Pyrexia and acidosis act independently of neutrophil elastase reactive center loop cleavage to effect cortisol release from corticosteroid-binding globulin. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2495-2509. [PMID: 33085168 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) transports cortisol and other steroids. High-affinity CBG (haCBG) undergoes proteolysis of the reactive center loop (RCL) by neutrophil elastase (NE) altering conformation to low-affinity CBG (laCBG). Elevated temperature reduces CBG:cortisol binding affinity. Surface plasmon resonance was used to determine binding profiles of 19 steroids to haCBG and laCBG at 25, 37, and 39°C mimicking pyrexia and pH 7.4 and 7.0 mimicking acidosis, pathophysiological conditions relevant to sepsis. An expected 4-8-fold reduction in affinity for cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and prednisolone occurred with NE-mediated haCBG-to-laCBG conversion. CBG:cortisol binding affinity was further reduced 3.5-fold at 39°C relative to 37°C, binding affinity was also reduced by acidosis for both haCBG and laCBG. Using a conformational antibody generated against the RCL, we confirmed RCL antibody binding was eliminated by NE cleavage, but preserved in pyrexia and acidosis. Molecular modeling studies performed at 40°C confirmed a critical role for Trp371, positioned within the steroid-binding pocket, in ligand binding. These studies demonstrated CBG binding affinity to range of steroids is ligand specific and is reduced with NE-mediated haCBG-to-laCBG transition. Reduced CBG:cortisol binding occurs with increased temperature and in acidosis. Increased flexibility of the Trp371 side chain is proposed in the thermo-coupling mechanism of cortisol release. The synergy of NE cleavage, pyrexia, and acidosis on CBG:cortisol binding may serve to enhance cortisol delivery to the interstitial space in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Meyer
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Torpy
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anastasia Chernykh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Marni A Nenke
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John G Lewis
- Steroid & Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Rankin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Chemical Pathology Directorate, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven W Polyak
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Predictive biomarkers for cytomegalovirus reactivation before and after immunosuppressive therapy: A single-institution retrospective long-term analysis of patients with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome (DRESS). Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:239-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
49
|
Burdick Sanchez NC, Carroll JA, May ND, Hughes HD, Roberts SL, Broadway PR, Ballou MA, Richeson JT. Modulation of the metabolic response using dexamethasone in beef steers vaccinated with a multivalent respiratory vaccine. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:324-330. [PMID: 32704992 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Available energy plays a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of an immune response to a pathogen, a process that is further altered by activation of the stress system. This study was designed to determine the effect of an acute vs chronic stress model on the metabolic response to vaccination in naïve beef steers. Steers (n = 32; 209 ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) Chronic stress (CHR), 0.5 mg/kg BW dexamethasone (DEX) administered i.v. at 1000 h on day 3 to day 0; 2) Acute stress (ACU), 0.5 mg/kg BW DEX administered i.v. at 1000 h on day 0 only; or 3) Control (CON), no DEX. On day -4, steers were fitted with jugular vein catheters and moved into individual bleeding stalls in an environmentally-controlled facility. Blood samples were collected at -74, -50, and -26 h, at 0.5-h intervals from -4 to 6 h, and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h relative to vaccination with a combination vaccine (Pyramid 5 + Presponse SQ, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Duluth, GA) at 1200 h on day 0. Data were analyzed by the MIXED procedure of SAS specific for repeated measures. There was a treatment × time interaction (P < 0.001) for serum glucose concentrations. Specifically, glucose concentrations increased at -50 h in CHR steers and at 1200 h in ACU steers and remained elevated through 72 h postvaccination period in these two treatments compared to CON steers. The change in nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations relative to baseline values was affected by treatment and time (P < 0.001) such that the change in NEFA was greater in CHR (0.06 ± 0.01 mmol/L), followed by CON (-0.01 ± 0.01 mmol/L) and ACU steers (-0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/L). There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a treatment × time interaction for change in serum NEFA concentrations. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was affected by treatment and time (P < 0.001) such that SUN concentrations were greatest in CHR (12.0 ± 0.1 mg/dL) followed by ACU (10.4 ± 0.1 mg/dL) and CON steers (9.6 ± 0.1 mg/dL); however, the treatment × time interaction was not significant (P = 0.12). These data demonstrate that activation of the stress and immune axes using an acute or chronic stress model can increase energy mobilization prior to and following vaccination in naïve steers, potentially affecting available energy needed to mount an adequate antibody response to vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan D May
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Heather D Hughes
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Shelby L Roberts
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | | | - Michael A Ballou
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vilela S, Alves da Silva A, Palme R, Ruckstuhl KE, Sousa JP, Alves J. Physiological Stress Reactions in Red Deer Induced by Hunting Activities. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1003. [PMID: 32521768 PMCID: PMC7341308 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunting activity is usually seen as a factor capable of causing an intense stress response in wildlife that may lead to short but also long-term stress. In the Lousã Mountain, Portugal, the population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the target of intensive seasonal hunting. We collected and measured cortisol (and its metabolites) in three tissues types (blood, feces and hair) from red deer hunted during two hunting seasons to evaluate the stress levels at different time windows. We also assessed the immunological and physical condition of the animals. We predicted that the hunting activity would act as a stressor inducing increased short and long-term stress levels in the population. Results showed an increase in hair cortisol levels during the months of harvesting. Surprisingly, the tendency for plasma cortisol levels was to decrease during the hunting season, which could be interpreted as habituation to hunting activity, or due to the hunting duration. Contrary to our predictions, fecal cortisol metabolites did not show any clear patterns across the months. Overall, our results suggest an influence of hunting activities on the physiological stress in red deer. In addition, hair seems to be useful to measure physiological stress, although more studies are required to fully understand its suitability as an indicator of long-term stress. Methodologically, our approach highlights the importance of simultaneously using different methods to assess short and long-term effects in studies on physiological stress reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vilela
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.V.); (A.A.d.S); (J.P.S.)
| | - António Alves da Silva
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.V.); (A.A.d.S); (J.P.S.)
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 2210, Austria;
| | - Kathreen E. Ruckstuhl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.V.); (A.A.d.S); (J.P.S.)
| | - Joana Alves
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.V.); (A.A.d.S); (J.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|