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Takahashi A. Associations of the immune system in aggression traits and the role of microglia as mediators. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110021. [PMID: 38825308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an important relationship between the immune system and aggressive behavior. Aggressive encounters acutely increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and there are positive correlations between aggressive traits and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines. Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, which results in peripheral immune activation, decreases aggressive behavior as one of the sickness behavioral symptoms. In contrast, certain brain infections and chronic interferon treatment are associated with increased aggression. Indeed, the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the brain in aggressive behavior are bidirectional, depending on the type and dose of cytokine, target brain region, and type of aggression. Some studies have suggested that microglial activation and neuroinflammation influence intermale aggression in rodent models. In addition, pathological conditions as well as physiological levels of cytokines produced by microglia play an important role in social and aggressive behavior in adult animals. Furthermore, microglial function in early development is necessary for the establishment of the social brain and the expression of juvenile social behaviors, including play fighting. Overall, this review discusses the important link between the immune system and aggressive traits and the role of microglia as mediators of this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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Graham-Engeland JE. Moving toward affective immunology: Legacy and future directions. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2024; 19:100241. [PMID: 38910934 PMCID: PMC11190499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2024.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "affective immunology" has recently been used to denote a field focused on the interplay between affective processes (including mood states, specific emotions, and regulatory processes) and various aspects of immune function. The overarching goals of this commentary are a) to provide historical underpinnings of this field with a focus on the profound impact of the work of Janice Kiecolt-Glaser, who is further honored in this special issue, b) to review important off-shoots of her legacy work in this domain, and c) to highlight important future directions for the field. Kiecolt-Glaser's work laid much of the foundation for affective immunology, with groundbreaking research related to depression, hostility and dyadic interactions, loneliness, and other affective patterns, often in the context of holistic models, novel experimental designs, and interventions. Her former mentees (and many of their mentees) have carried on her legacy in these domains, in ways that continue to advance appreciation of how affective processes relate to immune function. There are numerous remaining questions for the field to pursue, including better understanding of the role of emotion regulation, emotional reactivity and recovery, restorative processes, affective variability, and developmental and dynamic social processes. Such work will require greater use of longitudinal and within-person approaches and/or examination of processes in daily life, as well as models that account for interactive and reciprocal processes and which integrate behavior, social context, sociocultural factors, individual differences, and other aspects of health. As more work in these domains continues, building on Kiecolt-Glaser's rich legacy, we move toward the emergence of affective immunology as an important subfield in the domain of psychoneuroimmunology, one which will offer more nuanced understanding of the role of affective processes in immune health.
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Fenech AL, Soriano EC, Asok A, Siegel SD, Morreale M, Brownlee HA, Laurenceau JP. Fear of cancer recurrence and change in hair cortisol concentrations in partners of breast cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01631-1. [PMID: 38954249 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Partners of breast cancer (BC) survivors report high rates of psychological distress including fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Research suggests that partners may have poorer physical health outcomes than the general population, but little research has examined the physiological biomarkers by which distress may impact partner health outcomes. The current study examined the associations between FCR and changes in hair cortisol among BC partners. METHODS Male partners (N = 73) of early-stage BC survivors provided hair samples during two visits, one after completion of survivors' adjuvant treatment (T1) and again 6 months later (T2). Two subscales from the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory and one subscale from the Concerns about Recurrence Scale comprised a latent FCR factor at T1. A latent change score model was used to examine change in cortisol as a function of FCR. RESULTS Partners were on average 59.65 years of age (SD = 10.53) and non-Hispanic White (83%). Latent FCR at T1 was positively associated (b = 0.08, SE = 0.03, p = .004, standardized β = .45) with change in latent hair cortisol from T1 to T2. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that greater FCR was associated with increases in hair cortisol in the months following adjuvant treatment. This is one of the first studies to examine the physiological correlates of FCR that may impact health outcomes in BC partners. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Findings highlight the need for further research into the relationship between FCR and its physiological consequences. Interventions to address partner FCR are needed and may aid in improving downstream physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Fenech
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA.
| | | | - Arun Asok
- Alien Therapeutics Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott D Siegel
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Michael Morreale
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Hannah A Brownlee
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Laurenceau
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA.
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, USA.
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Torghabeh FD, Javadi B, Sahebkar A. Dietary anethole: a systematic review of its protective effects against metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:619-631. [PMID: 38932801 PMCID: PMC11196516 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic conditions that aggravate the risk of severe diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver. Several dietary molecules have been considered preventive compounds for MetS. Anethole, a natural phenylpropanoid, has been found to protect against MetS and its associated components. Aim This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the preclinical evidence supporting the protective effects of dietary anethole against MetS and the associated diseases. Methods A literature search was performed using Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting the protective effects of dietary anethole against MetS, without any time restrictions. Review articles, letters to editors, editorials, unpublished results, and non-English papers were excluded from the study. Results The results showed that anethole has the potential to effectively protect against the key features of MetS via various mechanisms, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulating insulin secretion from β-cells, mediating oxidative stress, modulation of the mTOR/PPARγ axis, arterial remodeling, and improvement of vascular relaxation. Conclusion Anethole modulates several molecular pathways that are implicated in the pathogenesis of MetS. Future in vitro and animal investigations should be conducted to explore other anti-MetS signaling pathways of anethole. Additionally, well-designed clinical studies are warranted to determine the optimal human dose, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of this dietary compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khalid S, Kearney M, McReynolds DE. Can social adversity alter the epigenome, trigger oral disease, and affect future generations? Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3. [PMID: 38740675 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. In relation to oral health, a higher prevalence of caries (tooth decay) exists among those of low SEP. Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakr Khalid
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E McReynolds
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Orellana SC, Bethlehem RAI, Simpson-Kent IL, van Harmelen AL, Vértes PE, Bullmore ET. Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304704121. [PMID: 38593073 PMCID: PMC11032474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304704121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to a lifelong susceptibility to mental ill-health which might be reflected by its effects on adult brain structure, perhaps indirectly mediated by its effects on adult metabolic, immune, and psychosocial systems. Indexing these systemic factors via body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rates of adult trauma (AT), respectively, we tested three hypotheses: (H1) CM has direct or indirect effects on adult trauma, BMI, and CRP; (H2) adult trauma, BMI, and CRP are all independently related to adult brain structure; and (H3) childhood maltreatment has indirect effects on adult brain structure mediated in parallel by BMI, CRP, and AT. Using path analysis and data from N = 116,887 participants in UK Biobank, we find that CM is related to greater BMI and AT levels, and that these two variables mediate CM's effects on CRP [H1]. Regression analyses on the UKB MRI subsample (N = 21,738) revealed that greater CRP and BMI were both independently related to a spatially convergent pattern of cortical effects (Spearman's ρ = 0.87) characterized by fronto-occipital increases and temporo-parietal reductions in thickness. Subcortically, BMI was associated with greater volume, AT with lower volume and CPR with effects in both directions [H2]. Finally, path models indicated that CM has indirect effects in a subset of brain regions mediated through its direct effects on BMI and AT and indirect effects on CRP [H3]. Results provide evidence that childhood maltreatment can influence brain structure decades after exposure by increasing individual risk toward adult trauma, obesity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C. Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. I. Bethlehem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan L. Simpson-Kent
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden2333AK, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104-6241
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden2333AK, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, CambridgeCB21 5EF, United Kingdom
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Jang EH, Jung R, Lee S. Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with reduced psychosocial stress levels in baby boomers: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:257-268. [PMID: 38584810 PMCID: PMC10995775 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet among Korean baby boomers and their levels of psychosocial stress. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 1,656 adults (889 men and 797 women) born between 1955 and 1963 who participated in the 2005-2006 survey of the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The Mediterranean-type diet score (MTDS) was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) data. The psychosocial stress levels were calculated using the psychosocial well-being index-short form (PWI-SF). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between the MTDS (tertiles) and the prevalence of high psychosocial stress by gender. RESULTS The ranges of the MTDS tertile groups were T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-39 points) for men, T1 (20-33 points), T2 (34-37 points), and T3 (38-48 points) for women. In both men and women, the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish increased with higher MTDS, while the consumption of red meat and dairy products decreased (P for trend < 0.05). As MTDS score increased the intake of energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals (P for trend < 0.05). Men in the highest MTDS tertile had a 41% lower odds ratio (OR) of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.91). Similarly, women in the highest tertile of the MTDS had a 39% lower OR of high psychosocial stress compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95). CONCLUSION Promoting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among baby boomers may have a positive impact on reducing their levels of psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hee Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Ranmi Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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Nishimori M, Hayasaka N, Otsui K, Inoue N, Asakura J, Nagao M, Toh R, Ishida T, Hirata KI, Furuyashiki T, Shinohara M. Stress-induced stenotic vascular remodeling via reduction of plasma omega-3 fatty acid metabolite 4-oxoDHA by noradrenaline. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4178. [PMID: 38378892 PMCID: PMC10879168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress has garnered significant attention as a prominent risk factor for inflammation-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the precise mechanisms underlying stress-driven CVDs remain elusive, thereby impeding the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. To explore the correlation between plasma lipid metabolites and human depressive states, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based analysis of plasma and the self-rating depression (SDS) scale questionnaire were employed. We also used a mouse model with restraint stress to study its effects on plasma lipid metabolites and stenotic vascular remodeling following carotid ligation. In vitro functional and mechanistic studies were performed using macrophages, endothelial cells, and neutrophil cells. We revealed a significant association between depressive state and reduced plasma levels of 4-oxoDHA, a specific omega-3 fatty acid metabolite biosynthesized by 5-lipoxygenase (LO), mainly in neutrophils. In mice, restraint stress decreased plasma 4-oxoDHA levels and exacerbated stenotic vascular remodeling, ameliorated by 4-oxoDHA supplementation. 4-oxoDHA enhanced Nrf2-HO-1 pathways, exerting anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells and macrophages. One of the stress hormones, noradrenaline, reduced 4-oxoDHA and the degraded 5-LO in neutrophils through the proteasome system, facilitated by dopamine D2-like receptor activation. Our study proposed circulating 4-oxoDHA levels as a stress biomarker and supplementation of 4-oxoDHA as a novel therapeutic approach for controlling stress-related vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nishimori
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naomi Hayasaka
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazunori Otsui
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Junko Asakura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Nursing Practice, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Gore IR, Gould E. Developmental and adult stress: effects of steroids and neurosteroids. Stress 2024; 27:2317856. [PMID: 38563163 PMCID: PMC11046567 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2317856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, exposure to early life adversity has profound implications for susceptibility to developing neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. Studies in rodents have shown that stress experienced during early postnatal life can have lasting effects on brain development. Glucocorticoids and sex steroids are produced in endocrine glands and the brain from cholesterol; these molecules bind to nuclear and membrane-associated steroid receptors. Unlike other steroids that can also be made in the brain, neurosteroids bind specifically to neurotransmitter receptors, not steroid receptors. The relationships among steroids, neurosteroids, and stress are multifaceted and not yet fully understood. However, studies demonstrating altered levels of progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and their neuroactive metabolites in both developmental and adult stress paradigms strongly suggest that these molecules may be important players in stress effects on brain circuits and behavior. In this review, we discuss the influence of developmental and adult stress on various components of the brain, including neurons, glia, and perineuronal nets, with a focus on sex steroids and neurosteroids. Gaining an enhanced understanding of how early adversity impacts the intricate systems of brain steroid and neurosteroid regulation could prove instrumental in identifying novel therapeutic targets for stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha R Gore
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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11
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Ottomana AM, Presta M, O'Leary A, Sullivan M, Pisa E, Laviola G, Glennon JC, Zoratto F, Slattery DA, Macrì S. A systematic review of preclinical studies exploring the role of insulin signalling in executive function and memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105435. [PMID: 37913873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Beside its involvement in somatic dysfunctions, altered insulin signalling constitutes a risk factor for the development of mental disorders like Alzheimer's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While insulin-related somatic and mental disorders are often comorbid, the fundamental mechanisms underlying this association are still elusive. Studies conducted in rodent models appear well suited to help decipher these mechanisms. Specifically, these models are apt to prospective studies in which causative mechanisms can be manipulated via multiple tools (e.g., genetically engineered models and environmental interventions), and experimentally dissociated to control for potential confounding factors. Here, we provide a narrative synthesis of preclinical studies investigating the association between hyperglycaemia - as a proxy of insulin-related metabolic dysfunctions - and impairments in working and spatial memory, and attention. Ultimately, this review will advance our knowledge on the role of glucose metabolism in the comorbidity between somatic and mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Ottomana
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Presta
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Chair of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mairéad Sullivan
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edoardo Pisa
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Zoratto
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Jurgens SM, Prieto S, Hayes JP. Inflammatory biomarkers link perceived stress with metabolic dysregulation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100696. [PMID: 37928770 PMCID: PMC10623170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Perceived stress has been identified as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, the intermediate pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. Inflammatory responses may be one process by which stress leads to metabolic dysregulation. Prior work has shown that chronic stress is associated with elevated systemic inflammation and that altered inflammatory activity contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The current analyses tested this hypothesis by examining inflammation as a pathway by which perceived stress affects metabolic health. Methods Data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (N = 648; Mean age = 52.3) provided measures of perceived stress, inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, fibrinogen, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)] and metabolic health markers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the fit of a hierarchical model of metabolic syndrome in our sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the assumption that inflammation mediates the association between perceived stress and the latent factor representing metabolic syndrome. Results The CFA of metabolic syndrome demonstrated excellent goodness of fit to our sample [CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06, SMSR = 0.05]. Mediation analysis with SEM revealed that the indirect pathway linking stress to metabolic dysregulation through inflammation was significant [B = 0.08, SE = 0.01, z = 3.69, p < .001, 95% confidence interval CI (0.04, 0.13)]. Conclusions These results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers are a viable explanatory pathway for the relationship between perceived stress and metabolic health consequences. Interventions that target psychosocial stress may serve as cost-effective and accessible treatment options for mitigating inflammatory health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savana M. Jurgens
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Prieto
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Grace S, Bradbury J, Avila C, Twohill L, Morgan-Basnett S. A Novel Nutrient Intervention of Probiotics, Glutamine, and Fish Oil in Psychological Distress: A Concurrent Multiple Baseline Design. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:665-673. [PMID: 37115569 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of nutrients designed to promote gut and brain health also lowers psychological distress. The hypothesis is that a probiotic with fish oil, and glutamine supplement will reduce psychological distress. Design: A multiple baseline design was used to collect data from seven naturopathic patients in private naturopathic clinics in Australia. Patients were between 18 and 65 years of age, and had a Kessler-10 (K10) score between 16 and 30 and symptoms associated with mild gastrointestinal discomfort experienced several times most weeks for 3 months. They were randomized into one of three pathways to stagger the introduction of the intervention. Interventions: Participants received either a supplement incorporating a probiotic formulation (including Lactobacillus rhamnosus), a glutamine powder formulation, and fish oil, or matched placebos. The primary outcome measure was psychological distress as measured by the K10 scale of psychological distress. Results: The data showed a general trend toward lower K10 scores during the active phase compared with the baseline phase, with a marked reduction in the variances between phases. After controlling for time and baseline values, no significant difference between the phases for the K10 and the Perceived Stress Scale was found, but there was still a significant reduction in symptoms on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. Conclusions: A combination of a probiotic formulation, a glutamine powder formulation, and fish oil did not affect psychological distress and perceived stress, but had a significant beneficial effect on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with high distress and concurrent gut symptomology. Clinical trial registration number: ACTRN12620000928910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grace
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Australia
| | | | - Cathy Avila
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Australia
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14
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Lécuyer L, Laouali N, Viallon V, Artaud F, Hébert JR, Shivappa N, Agudo A, Tjønneland A, Mellemkjær L, Kaaks R, Katzke VA, Schulze MB, Frenoy P, Mancini FR, De Magistris MS, Macciotta A, Masala G, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM, Enget Jensen TM, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Chirlaque MD, Petrova D, Castro-Espin C, Quirós JR, Guevara M, Amiano P, Borné Y, Sandström M, Nilsson LM, Heath AK, Mayen AL, Huybrechts I, Weiderpass E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Truong T. Associations between dietary inflammatory scores and biomarkers of inflammation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1115-1125. [PMID: 37271707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first version of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) developed in the past decade, several other versions have been developed. However, to date no study has attempted to compare these versions with respect to their associations with biomarkers of inflammation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between four dietary inflammatory scores [DII, two energy-adjusted derivatives (E-DII and E-DIIr), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)], and circulating levels of several inflammatory markers and adipokines. METHODS This study included 17 637 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort with at least one marker of inflammation measured in blood. Associations between the four scores and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6, IL10, IL1RA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), sTNFR2, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLeptin R), adiponectin, and High Molecular Weight (HMW) adiponectin were evaluated using multivariable linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Positive associations were observed between the four dietary inflammatory scores and levels of CRP, IL6, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and leptin. However, only the DII and the ISD were positively associated with IL1RA levels and only the DII and the E-DIIr were positively associated with TNFα levels. The proportion of variance of each biomarker explained by the scores was lower than 2%, which was equivalent to the variance explained by smoking status but much lower than that explained by body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the four dietary inflammatory scores were associated with some biomarkers of inflammation and could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet in European adults but are not sufficient to capture the inflammatory status of an individual. These findings can help to better understand the inflammatory potential of diet, but they need to be replicated in studies with repeated dietary measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lécuyer
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, "Diet, Cancer and Health", Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Mellemkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, "Diet, Cancer and Health", Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Dept. of Molecular Epidemiology, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Alessandra Macciotta
- Centre for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (C-BEPH), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE-ONLUS, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Torill M Enget Jensen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain; CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlota Castro-Espin
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yan Borné
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Sandström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health/ Arcum, Arctic Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Lucia Mayen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France.
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15
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Zhang M, Wang L, Li X, Song L, Luo D, Li Q, Wang Y, Wan Z, Mei S. Individual and mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides exposure in relation to metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162935. [PMID: 36934926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are commonly detected in humans due to their persistence and bioaccumulation, and are suspected risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, most studies have focused on individual rather than combined exposure. We explored the associations between individual and combined PCBs/OCPs exposure and MetS to better assess the health effects of PCBs and OCPs. This cross-sectional study included 1996 adults from Wuhan, China. A total of 338 participants fulfilled criteria for MetS. Eight PCBs and OCPs were detected in >50 % of the samples. Most of the hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the serum were derived from the recent environmental input of lindane, while the high levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) were mainly due to historical use. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that β-HCH, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), PCB-52, PCB-153, and PCB-180 were positively correlated with increased odds of MetS. The profiles of the PCBs and OCPs associated with the different components of MetS were distinct. Furthermore, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) analyses showed that PCB and OCP mixtures were positively associated with the risk of MetS, and p,p'-DDE was the largest contributor to our model. These findings suggest that PCB and OCP concentrations, both individually and as mixtures, are associated with MetS risk. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Wuhan Wanda Center, No 96 Linjiang Avenue, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Wuhan Wanda Center, No 96 Linjiang Avenue, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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16
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37375654 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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17
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Zanelatto FB, Vieira WF, Nishijima CM, Sartori CR, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Effect of sound-induced repeated stress on the development of pain and inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of female and male rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2023:e12936. [PMID: 37243959 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Stress is a significant risk factor for developing this painful condition that predominantly affects women. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that stress increases the risk of developing TMJ pain by facilitating inflammatory mechanisms in female and male rats. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated TMJ carrageenan-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and migration of inflammatory cells and TMJ formalin-induced nociception in female and male rats submitted to a repeated stress protocol induced by sound. We found that sound-induced repeated stress facilitates TMJ inflammation and contributes to TMJ nociception development equally in females and males. We conclude that stress is a risk factor for developing painful TMJ conditions in males and females, at least in part, by favoring the inflammatory process similarly in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barchesi Zanelatto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Ju LS, Morey TE, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Intergenerational Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040567. [PMID: 37106766 PMCID: PMC10135810 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated neurocognitive decline after general anesthesia/surgery, also known as perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), is a widely recognized public health problem that may affect millions of patients each year. Advanced age, with its increasing prevalence of heightened stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative alterations, is a consistent contributing factor to the development of PND. Although a strong homeostatic reserve in young adults makes them more resilient to PND, animal data suggest that young adults with pathophysiological conditions characterized by excessive stress and inflammation may be vulnerable to PND, and this altered phenotype may be passed to future offspring (intergenerational PND). The purpose of this narrative review of data in the literature and the authors' own experimental findings in rodents is to draw attention to the possibility of intergenerational PND, a new phenomenon which, if confirmed in humans, may unravel a big new population that may be affected by parental PND. In particular, we discuss the roles of stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in the development of PND. We also discuss experimental findings that demonstrate the effects of surgery, traumatic brain injury, and the general anesthetic sevoflurane that interact to induce persistent dysregulation of the stress response system, inflammation markers, and behavior in young adult male rats and in their future offspring who have neither trauma nor anesthetic exposure (i.e., an animal model of intergenerational PND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sha Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy E Morey
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christoph N Seubert
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anatoly E Martynyuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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19
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Wakeel F, Hannah J, Gorfinkel L. Stress, coping, and quality of life in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277741. [PMID: 37163470 PMCID: PMC10171688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While research has widely explored stress, coping, and quality of life (QOL) individually and the potential links between them, a critical dearth exists in the literature regarding these constructs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to identify the salient stressors experienced, describe the coping strategies used, and examine the relationships between stressors, coping, and QOL among individuals during the pandemic. Data are from a sample of 1,004 respondents who completed an online survey. Key measures included stressful life events (SLEs), coping strategies, and the physical and psychological health domains of QOL. Staged multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationships between SLEs and the two QOL domains, controlling for sociodemographic and pre-existing health conditions and testing for the effects of coping strategies on these relationships. The most common SLEs experienced during the pandemic were a decrease in financial status, personal injury or illness, and change in living conditions. Problem-focused coping (β = 0.42, σ = 0.13, p < 0.001 for physical QOL; β = 0.57, σ = 0.12, p < 0.001 for psychological QOL) and emotion-focused coping (β = 0.86, σ = 0.13, p < 0.001 for psychological QOL) were significantly related to higher levels of QOL, whereas avoidant coping (β = -0.93, σ = 0.13, p < 0.001 for physical QOL; β = -1.33, σ = 0.12, p < 0.001 for psychological QOL) was associated with lower QOL. Avoidant coping partially mediated the relationships between experiencing SLEs and lower physical and psychological QOL. Our study informs clinical interventions to help individuals adopt healthy behaviors to effectively manage stressors, especially large-scale, stressful events like the pandemic. Our findings also call for public health and clinical interventions to address the long-term impacts of the most prevalent stressors experienced during the pandemic among vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Wakeel
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacelyn Hannah
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leah Gorfinkel
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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20
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Stapelberg NJC, Bui TA, Mansour V, Johnson S, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Ashton K, Taylor N, Headrick JP. The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder through the lens of systems biology: Network analysis of the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine physiome. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 372:577959. [PMID: 36095861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a predominantly physiological (metabolomic) model constructed from the literature, inter-linking multiple biological processes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), thereby integrating putative mechanistic pathways for MDD into a single network. MATERIAL AND METHODS Previously published metabolomic pathways for the PINE network based on literature searches conducted in 1991-2021 were used to construct an edge table summarizing all physiological pathways in pairs of origin nodes and target nodes. The Gephi software program was used to calculate network metrics from the edge table, including total degree and centrality measures, to ascertain key network nodes and construct a directed network graph. RESULTS An edge table and directional network graph of physiological relationships in the PINE network is presented. The network has properties consistent with complex biological systems, with analysis yielding key network nodes comprising pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL6 and IL1), glucocorticoids and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). These may represent central structural and regulatory elements in the context of MDD. CONCLUSION The identified hubs have a high degree of connection and are known to play roles in the progression from health to MDD. These nodes represent strategic targets for therapeutic intervention or prevention. Future work is required to build a weighted and dynamic simulation of the network PINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Verena Mansour
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
| | | | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia; Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
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21
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Stapelberg NJC, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Johnson S, Ashton K, Headrick J. Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13226. [PMID: 36293807 PMCID: PMC9603079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both psychosocial and physical environmental stressors have been linked to chronic mental health and chronic medical conditions. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network details metabolomic pathways which are responsive to varied stressors and link chronic medical conditions with mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder via a network of pathophysiological pathways. The primary objective of this review is to explore evidence of relationships between airborne particulate matter (PM, as a concrete example of a physical environmental stressor), the PINE network and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including mental health sequelae, with a view to supporting the assertion that physical environmental stressors (not only psychosocial stressors) disrupt the PINE network, leading to NCDs. Biological links have been established between PM exposure, key sub-networks of the PINE model and mental health sequelae, suggesting that in theory, long-term mental health impacts of PM exposure may exist, driven by the disruption of these biological networks. This disruption could trans-generationally influence health; however, long-term studies and information on chronic outcomes following acute exposure event are still lacking, limiting what is currently known beyond the acute exposure and all-cause mortality. More empirical evidence is needed, especially to link long-term mental health sequelae to PM exposure, arising from PINE pathophysiology. Relationships between physical and psychosocial stressors, and especially the concept of such stressors acting together to impact on PINE network function, leading to linked NCDs, evokes the concept of syndemics, and these are discussed in the context of the PINE network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QID 4101, Australia
| | - Susannah Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - John Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QID 4215, Australia
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22
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Saadatmand F, Abbas M, Apprey V, Tailor K, Kwabi-Addo B. Sex differences in saliva-based DNA methylation changes and environmental stressor in young African American adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273717. [PMID: 36067197 PMCID: PMC9447871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status neighborhood exposure to stress and violence may be sources of negative stimuli that poses significant health risks for children, adolescents and throughout the life course of an individual. The study aims to investigate if aberrant epigenetic DNA methylation changes may be a potential mechanism for regulating neighborhood exposures and health outcomes. METHODS Exposure to environmental stressors identified in 98 young African American (AA) adults aged 18-25 years old from the Washington D.C., area were used in the study. We correlated the association between stress markers; cortisol, CRP, IgG, IGA, IgM, and self-reported exposure to violence and stress, with quantitative DNA methylation changes in a panel of gene-specific loci using saliva DNA. RESULTS In all participants studied, the exposure to violence was significant and negatively correlated with DNA methylation of MST1R loci (p = 0.032; r = -0.971) and nominally significant with NR3C1 loci (p = 0.053; r = -0.948). In addition, we observed significant and negative correlation of DNA methylation changes of LINE1 (p = 0.044; r = -0.248); NR3C1 (p = 0.017; r = -0.186); MSTR1 (p = 0.022; r = -0.192); and DRD2 (p = 0.056; r = -0.184; albeit nominal significant correlation) with IgA expression. On the other hand, we observed a significant and position correlation of DNA methylation changes in DRD2 (p = 0.037; r = 0.184) with IgG expression. When participants were stratified by sex, we observed in AA young male adults, significant DNA methylation changes of MST1R (p< 0.05) and association with exposure to violence and IgG level. We also observed significant DNA methylation levels of DRD2 (p< 0.05) and association with IgA, IgG, and cortisol level. Furthermore, we observed significant DNA methylation changes of NR3C1 (p< 0.05) with stress, IgA, and IgG in the male participants only. On the other hand, we only observed significant and a positive association of IgG with DNA methylation levels of ESR1 (p = 0.041) in the young AA female participants. CONCLUSION Our preliminary observation of significant DNA methylation changes in neuronal and immune genes in saliva samples supports our recently published genome-wide DNA methylations changes in blood samples from young AA male adults indicating that saliva offers a non-invasive means for DNA methylation prediction of exposure to environmental stressors in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Saadatmand
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department of Microbiology & The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Victor Apprey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Krishma Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Bernard Kwabi-Addo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Xenou M, Zoupas I, Lygnos D, Fousteris E. Diabetic ketoacidosis as first presentation of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a patient with hashitoxicosis as first presentation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:297. [PMID: 35918735 PMCID: PMC9347147 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is an infrequent form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus, while Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the most common thyroid disease in adults, rarely manifests as thyrotoxicosis. The concurrent initial presentation of these two autoimmune disorders is extremely rare. Case presentation A 29-year-old male of Albanian descent presented after being hospitalized owing to diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus was placed, and intensified insulin therapy was initiated. Medical history was not of significance except a 5 kg weight loss within 2 months. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, and the doses of preprandial and basal insulin were reduced. The differential diagnosis included type 1 diabetes mellitus “honeymoon” period or another type of diabetes mellitus. His serological tests only revealed positive autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and C-peptide. The diagnosis leaned toward latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and the therapeutic approach involved cessation of preprandial insulin therapy, regulation, and subsequent discontinuation of basal insulin and introduction of metformin. Two years later, basal insulin was reintroduced along with a glucagon-like peptide-receptor agonist and metformin. Further physical examination during the initial visit disclosed upper limb tremor, lid lag, excessive sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests were indicative of hashitoxicosis (suppressed level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, high levels of total and free thyroid hormones, positive anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase, and negative anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor). Thyroid-stimulating hormone level was spontaneously restored, but an increase was observed during follow-up. Levothyroxine was administrated for 2 years until the patient had normal thyroid function. Conclusions The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ranges from 20% to 30%. This correlation can be attributed to genetic involvement as well as disorders of immune tolerance to autoantigens. Hence, this report gives prominence to the holistic approach and consideration of comorbidities in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Xenou
- Mediterranean Diabetes and Obesity Clinics (MEDOC), Athens, Santorini, Greece.,Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zoupas
- Mediterranean Diabetes and Obesity Clinics (MEDOC), Athens, Santorini, Greece. .,Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Lygnos
- Mediterranean Diabetes and Obesity Clinics (MEDOC), Athens, Santorini, Greece
| | - Evangelos Fousteris
- Mediterranean Diabetes and Obesity Clinics (MEDOC), Athens, Santorini, Greece
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24
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Lei MK, Gibbons FX, Gerrard M, Beach SRH, Dawes K, Philibert R. Digital methylation assessments of alcohol and cigarette consumption account for common variance in accelerated epigenetic ageing. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1991-2005. [PMID: 35866695 PMCID: PMC9665121 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and Heavy Alcohol Consumption (HAC) are established risk factors for myriad complex disorders of ageing. Yet many prior studies of Epigenetic Ageing (EA) have shown only modest effects of smoking and drinking on accelerated ageing. One potential reason for this conundrum might be the reliance of some prior EA studies on self-reported substance use, which may be unreliable in many samples. To test whether novel, non-self-reported indices would show a stronger association of smoking and HAC to EA, we used methylation sensitive digital PCR (MSdPCR) and data from 437 African American subjects from Wave 7 of the Family and Community Health Study Offspring Cohort to examine the effects of subjective and objective measures of smoking and HAC on 7 indices of EA. Because of limited overall correlations between the various EA indices, we examined patterns of association separately for each index. Consistent with expectations, MSdPCR assessments of smoking and HAC, but not self-reported alcohol consumption, were strongly correlated with accelerated EA. MSdPCR assessments of smoking and HAC accounted for 57% of GrimAge acceleration and the shared variance in GrimAge and DunedinPOAM accelerated EA. We conclude that MSdPCR assessments of smoking and HAC are valuable tools for understanding EA, represent directly targetable conditions for the prevention of premature ageing, and substantially improve upon self-reported assessment of smoking and HAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Frederick X Gibbons
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Meg Gerrard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Steven R H Beach
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey Dawes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Behavioral Diagnostics LLC, Coralville, IA, USA
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25
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Speelman T, Dale L, Louw A, Verhoog NJD. The Association of Acute Phase Proteins in Stress and Inflammation-Induced T2D. Cells 2022; 11:2163. [PMID: 35883605 PMCID: PMC9321356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and are routinely used as biomarkers for this disease. These APPs are regulated by the peripheral mediators of stress (i.e., endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs)) and inflammation (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines), with both implicated in the development of insulin resistance, the main risk factor for the development of T2D. In this review we propose that APPs, PAI-1, SAA, and CRP, could be the causative rather than only a correlative link between the physiological elements of risk (stress and inflammation) and the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolette J. D. Verhoog
- Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Van der Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (T.S.); (L.D.); (A.L.)
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26
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Ong SL, Abbasi F, Watson K, Robakis T, Myoraku A, Rasgon N. Family history of diabetes moderates metabolic depression endophenotypes in overweight/obese adults. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:583-589. [PMID: 35636036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to depressive disorders, and there is growing evidence that targeting IR may be beneficial in treating them. We examine the association between depressive symptoms and a direct measure of IR, and whether family history of type 2 diabetes (FHx-T2DM) or major depressive disorder (FHx-MDD) moderate this relationship. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 96 primarily overweight/obese adults ages 25-50 without diabetes or clinical depression. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were used to assess the association between depressive symptoms and a direct measure of IR (steady-state plasma glucose) as well as moderating effects of FHx-T2DM or FHx-MDD. RESULTS In the total sample, elevated depressive symptoms were positively associated with IR (p = 0.005). IR was associated with depressive symptoms in subjects with FHx-T2DM (p = 0.002) or FHx-MDD (p = 0.009) whereas BMI was associated with depressive symptoms in subjects without FHx-T2DM (p = 0.049) or FHx-MDD (p = 0.029). The odds of being in the top tertile of IR increased with elevated depressive symptoms alone (OR, 4.22; 95%CI, 1.15 to 17.33), presence of FHx-T2DM alone (OR, 3.42; 95%CI, 1.26 to 10.00), and presence of both FHx-T2DM and elevated depressive symptoms (OR, 10.08; 95%CI, 1.94 to 96.96). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that depressive symptoms are positively associated with a direct measure of IR in overweight/obese individuals without diabetes or clinical depression. This association is moderated by FHx-T2DM. Early identification of groups vulnerable to IR related to depressive symptomatology may be useful for determining personalized interventions that have the potential to reduce morbidity in later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L Ong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thalia Robakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alison Myoraku
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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27
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Samuel LJ, Hladek M, Tian J, Roberts Lavigne LC, LaFave SE, Szanton SL. Propensity score weighted associations between financial strain and subsequent inflammatory biomarkers of aging among a representative sample of U.S. older adults. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:467. [PMID: 35641938 PMCID: PMC9158352 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite known socioeconomic disparities in aging-related outcomes, the underlying physiologic mechanisms are understudied. This study applied propensity score weighting to estimate the effect of financial strain on inflammation-related aging biomarkers among a national sample of older adults. METHODS Financial strain severe enough to lack money for housing, utilities, medical/prescription bills or food was measured among 4,593 community-dwelling National Health and Aging Trends Study participants aged ≥ 65 years in 2016. Inverse probability propensity score weights were generated based on 2015 background characteristics, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, income to poverty ratio, education, occupation, home ownership, retirement, Sect. 8 housing, Medicaid, food/energy assistance, childhood health, marital status, and U.S. region. Sampling weights additionally accounted for study design and non-response. RESULTS In propensity score-weighted analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, 2017 income to poverty ratio and education, those with 2016 financial strain had 15% higher IL-6 (p = 0.026) and 20% higher CRP levels (p = 0.002) in 2017 than those who were not strained, but did not differ with regard to hemoglobin A1c or CMV. In weighted comparisons, those with financial strain did not differ from those without with regard any 2015 background characteristics. CONCLUSIONS These results strengthen the etiologic evidence suggesting that financial strain increases inflammatory biomarkers among older adults. Importantly, inflammation is likely a key physiologic pathway contributing to socioeconomic disparities. Therefore, research is needed to address financial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Samuel
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Melissa Hladek
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Sarah E LaFave
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Graham-Engeland J, DeMeo NN, Jones DR, Mathur A, Smyth JM, Sliwinski MJ, McGrady ME, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Engeland CG. Individuals with both higher recent negative affect and physical pain have higher levels of C-reactive protein. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 21:100431. [PMID: 35243409 PMCID: PMC8881375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptualizing physical pain and negative affect as potentially interactive, we hypothesized that higher levels of peripheral inflammatory markers would be observed consistently only among individuals with both higher negative affect and pain symptomatology. Participants were generally healthy midlife adults from the Bronx, NY (N = 212, Mage = 46.77; 60.8% Black, 25.5% Hispanic/Latina/o) recruited as part of a larger study. Key measures were: reported pain intensity and pain interference at baseline, recent negative affect averaged from self-reports 5x/day for 7 days, and peripheral inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and a composite cytokine measure based on seven cytokines). Controlling for age, BMI, gender, and education, recent negative affect significantly interacted with both pain variables to explain variance in CRP, with higher CRP levels observed only in individuals with both higher negative affect and either higher pain intensity or pain interference. These findings contribute to an emerging literature suggesting that negative affect, pain, and inflammation are related in important and complex ways.
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29
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Neuromodulatory effect of interleukin 1β in the dorsal raphe nucleus on individual differences in aggression. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2563-2579. [PMID: 33931727 PMCID: PMC8556414 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heightened aggressive behavior is considered as one of the central symptoms of many neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and dementia. The consequences of aggression pose a heavy burden on patients and their families and clinicians. Unfortunately, we have limited treatment options for aggression and lack mechanistic insight into the causes of aggression needed to inform new efforts in drug discovery and development. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the periphery or cerebrospinal fluid were previously reported to correlate with aggressive traits in humans. However, it is still unknown whether cytokines affect brain circuits to modulate aggression. Here, we examined the functional role of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in mediating individual differences in aggression using a resident-intruder mouse model. We found that nonaggressive mice exhibit higher levels of IL-1β in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the major source of forebrain serotonin (5-HT), compared to aggressive mice. We then examined the effect of pharmacological antagonism and viral-mediated gene knockdown of the receptors for IL-1 within the DRN and found that both treatments consistently increased aggressive behavior of male mice. Aggressive mice also exhibited higher c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons in the DRN compared to nonaggressive mice. In line with these findings, deletion of IL-1 receptor in the DRN enhanced c-Fos expression in 5-HT neurons during aggressive encounters, suggesting that modulation of 5-HT neuronal activity by IL-1β signaling in the DRN controls expression of aggressive behavior.
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30
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Recent Progress of Chronic Stress in the Development of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4121173. [PMID: 35300174 PMCID: PMC8923806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the times, cardiovascular diseases have become the biggest cause of death in the global aging society, causing a serious social burden. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which can occur in large and medium-sized blood vessels in the whole body. It takes atherosclerotic plaque as the typical pathological change and endothelial injury as the core pathophysiological mechanism. It is the pathological basis of coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, endothelial injury, lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation. This process involves a large number of molecular targets. It is usually the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. If chronic stress factors exist for a long time, patients have genetic susceptibility, and the combination of environmental factors triggers the pathogenesis, which may eventually lead to complete blockage of the blood vessels, unstable rupture of plaques, and serious adverse cardiovascular events. This paper reviews the role of chronic stress in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanism.
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31
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Natale BN, Manuck SB, Shaw DS, Matthews KA, Muldoon MF, Wright AGC, Marsland AL. Systemic Inflammation Contributes to the Association Between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Midlife Cardiometabolic Risk. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:26-37. [PMID: 35195688 PMCID: PMC9773371 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with increased risk for chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic disease at midlife. PURPOSE As it is presently unknown whether inflammation mediates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adulthood cardiometabolic risk, we investigated associations between retrospectively reported childhood SES, circulating levels of inflammatory markers, and a latent construct of cardiometabolic risk in midlife adults. METHODS Participants were 1,359 healthy adults aged 30-54 (Adult Health and Behavior I&II; 52% women, 17% Black) who retrospectively reported childhood SES (parental education, occupational grade). Measures included plasma interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cardiometabolic risk factors. Structural equation modeling was conducted, with cardiometabolic risk modeled as a second-order latent variable with adiposity, blood lipids, glucose control, and blood pressure as first-order components. RESULTS Lower childhood SES was associated with greater risk for cardiometabolic disease at midlife (β = -0.08, CI[-0.04, -0.01], p = .01) in models adjusted for demographics, but this association was attenuated in models that adjusted for adulthood SES and health behaviors. In fully-adjusted models, the relationship between lower childhood SES and adult cardiometabolic risk was partially explained by higher circulating levels of CRP (β = -0.05, CI[-0.02, -0.01], p = .001), but not by IL-6. In an exploratory model, lower adulthood SES was also found to independently contribute to the association between childhood SES and adult cardiometabolic risk (β = -0.02, CI[-0.01, -0.001], p = .02). CONCLUSIONS The current study provides initial evidence that systemic inflammation may contribute to childhood socioeconomic disparities in cardiometabolic risk in midlife. Future work would benefit from prospective investigation of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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32
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Van Bogart K, Engeland CG, Sliwinski MJ, Harrington KD, Knight EL, Zhaoyang R, Scott SB, Graham-Engeland JE. The Association Between Loneliness and Inflammation: Findings From an Older Adult Sample. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:801746. [PMID: 35087386 PMCID: PMC8787084 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.801746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Past research suggests that inflammation is a potential pathway linking loneliness and health, but little is known about how loneliness assessed in daily life links with inflammation, or about linkages between loneliness and inflammation among older adults specifically. As part of a larger investigation, we examined the cross-sectional associations between loneliness and a panel of both basal and LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers. Participants were 222 socioeconomically and racially diverse older adults (aged 70-90 years; 38% Black; 13% Hispanic) systematically recruited from the Bronx, NY. Loneliness was measured in two ways, with a retrospective trait measure (the UCLA Three Item Loneliness Scale) and an aggregated momentary measure assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) across 14 days. Inflammatory markers included both basal levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) and LPS-stimulated levels of the same cytokines. Multiple regression analyses controlled for age, body-mass index, race, and depressive symptoms. Moderation by gender and race were also explored. Both higher trait loneliness and aggregated momentary measures of loneliness were associated with higher levels of CRP (β = 0.16, p = 0.02; β = 0.15, p = 0.03, respectively). There were no significant associations between loneliness and basal or stimulated cytokines and neither gender nor race were significant moderators. Results extend prior research linking loneliness with systemic inflammation in several ways, including by examining this connection among a sample of older adults and using a measure of aggregated momentary loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Van Bogart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Karra D. Harrington
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Erik L. Knight
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stacey B. Scott
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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PSYChosomatic Medicine in ONcologIc and Cardiac Disease (PSYCHONIC) Study-A Retrospective and Prospective Observational Research Protocol. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245786. [PMID: 34945081 PMCID: PMC8709231 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial factors play an important role in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This observational study is primarily aimed at assessing the relationship of psychological characteristics of patients with the outcomes of different NCDs, and to assess short-term psychotherapy (STP) efficacy in the real world. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with recent acute myocardial infarction, Takotsubo syndrome, or non-metastatic breast cancer and a control group of 140 age and sex-matched healthy subjects, will be enrolled. All subjects will be administered psychometric tests, quality of life tests, a specific body perception questionnaire, a dream questionnaire, and a projective test, the Six Drawing test at baseline and follow-up. All subjects with medical conditions will be asked to freely choose between an ontopsychological STP along with standard medical therapy and, whenever indicated, rehabilitation therapy or medical therapy plus rehabilitation alone. The study endpoints will be to evaluate: the relationship of the psychological characteristics of enrolled subjects with the outcomes of different NCDs, predictors of the choice of psychotherapy, and the efficacy of ontopsychological intervention on psychological and medical outcomes. Conclusion: This study will generate data on distinctive psychological characteristics of patients suffering from different CDs and their relationship with medical outcomes, as well as explore the efficacy of ontopsychological STP in these patients in the real world. (Number of registration: NCT03437642).
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Liu X, Yang J, Li J, Xu C, Jiang W. Vanillin Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Lung Injury Through Inhibition of Inflammation and Lung Barrier Dysfunction Through Activating AhR. Inflammation 2021; 44:2193-2202. [PMID: 34085161 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin, the main constituents of vanillin beans, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of vanillin on the cadmium-induced lung injury are still unclear. Therefore, we assay whether vanillin has potential preventive activity on cadmium-induced lung injury in mice. Mice were given vanillin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and treated with cadmium for 7 days. The detection data of vanillin on lung tissue changes were analyzed after the cadmium treatment. The results displayed that vanillin obviously decreased the lung histological alterations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Vanillin also suppressed the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF. Furthermore, vanillin prevented cadmium-induced NF-κB activation and upregulation the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin. In addition, vanillin significantly increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and inhibition of AhR by its agonist could reverse the protective effects of vanillin on cadmium-induced lung injury. To sum up, vanillin could be a potential drug for the treatment of cadmium-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshibojie Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengbi Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Cathepsin C Is Involved in Macrophage M1 Polarization via p38/MAPK Pathway in Sudden Cardiac Death. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:6139732. [PMID: 34737793 PMCID: PMC8536465 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying molecular markers associated with the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death (SCD). It provides a proteomic analysis of human left anterior descending coronary artery from subjects diagnosed with SCD through histological examination and cases of nondisease accidental deaths through autopsy. A total of 2784 proteins were obtained from label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. This included a total of 265 differential proteins which were involved in SCD-related processes, such as inflammation, muscle system process regulation, metal ion transport, and lysosomal pathway. Western blotting was carried out to measure the expressions of cathepsin C (CTSC), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p-FAK, and proteins related to the p38/MAPK signaling pathway, whereas immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the localization and expression of CTSC, TNF-α, and CD206 in arterial tissues. It was found that CTSC were the most expressed proteins with a significant upward trend in SCD cases. Besides, CTSC regulated macrophage polarization to M1 through the FAK-induced p38/MAPK signaling pathway. This promoted the release of inflammatory factors and eventually increased the inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study implies that CTSC may be one of the key molecular targets for promoting macrophage M1 polarization in SCD, which may provide new therapeutic insights into the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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36
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Losartan Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Regulates Browning Phenomenon of White Adipose Tissue in ob/ob Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1828-1843. [PMID: 34889901 PMCID: PMC8929071 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a villain role to the pathology of fatty liver diseases implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction, which is characterized by lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) related macrophage infiltration. HIF1α is required for its lipogenic actions in adipocytes, while and it regulates M1 and M2 polarization features of macrophages. Losartan has been shown to be an insulin sensitizer in obese states, actions involving in HIF1α signaling. However, the exact mechanisms accounting for these effects have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, GTT, ITT, and HOMA-IR were identified losartan alleviated IR signaling in obese mice. This alleviation may through inhibits HIF1α by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling, which, in turn, revealed HIF1α-dependent decreases the angiogenesis pathway in adipose tissue, including regulation of VEGF and TGFβR2 levels. In white adipose tissue, a set of lipogenesis-related genes, Srebp1, Fas, and Scd-1 were markedly downregulated after losartan intervention, as well as reduced LDs size and LD-associated proteins, perilipin family proteins (PLINs) compared with obese mice. Losartan abolished macrophage infiltration with upregulation of M2 and inhibition of M1 macrophage markers in obese mice. Our data suggest that losartan attenuated obese-induced fatty liver, linked to alleviating inflammation in adipose tissues and a shift in M1/M2 macrophage balance. Furthermore, losartan might improve mitochondria biogenesis by upregulating SIRT1, PGC1α, UCP1, and mRNA of Tfam, Cd137, Tmem26, Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue compared with the obese group. Taken together, losartan may improve IR and adipose dysfunction by inhibiting lipotoxicity and HIF1α pathways.
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37
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Lambert M, Sabiston CM, Wrosch C, Brunet J. Behavioural, physical, and psychological predictors of cortisol and C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 10:100180. [PMID: 34589720 PMCID: PMC8474539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer survivors (BCS) can exhibit a dysregulation of cortisol and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels post-treatment, which increase the risk of diverse health outcomes. Certain behavioural, physical, and psychological variables may help to predict cortisol and CRP levels post-treatment. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe naturally occurring changes in absolute diurnal cortisol and CRP levels over a period of 1.5 years post-treatment among BCS, (2) assess if absolute diurnal cortisol and CRP levels change in tandem, and (3) assess behavioural, physical, and psychological variables as predictors of absolute diurnal cortisol levels and CRP levels. Methods Capillary blood and saliva samples were collected from 201 BCS, on average, 3.5 months post-treatment (T1) and again 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later (T2−T5). At each time point, five saliva samples were collected on two nonconsecutive days: at awakening, 30 min after awakening, 2:00 p.m., 4:00 p.m., and at bedtime. At each time point, participants also completed self-report questionnaires and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results Absolute diurnal cortisol levels did not change significantly over time. CRP levels decreased across time points (Blinear = −0.31, p = .01), though the rate of decrease slowed over time (Bquadratic = 0.05, p = .03). Generally, greater sedentary time predicted higher overall absolute diurnal cortisol levels (B < 0.01, p = .01); whereas higher physical activity (B = −0.004, p < .01), lower body mass index (B = 0.10, p < .01), and lower health- and cancer-related stress (B = 0.24, p = .04) predicted lower overall CRP levels. Also, lower absolute diurnal cortisol levels were evident when participants engaged in more sedentary time, as compared to their own average sedentary time (B = −0.01, p < .01). Conclusions Results offer insight into the nature of change in diurnal cortisol and CRP levels among BCS from treatment completion onwards and offer clinical implications. Helping BCS manage their weight, reduce stress, increase physical activity participation, and decrease sedentary time as soon as possible after treatment may help to reduce physiological dysregulations, thereby lowering the risk of adverse health outcomes in this population. Further research investigating specific intervention parameters such as type, context, frequency, and intensity are warranted for the development of the most optimal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lambert
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Wrosch
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Brunet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Montpetit Hall, Room 339, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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38
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Cao M, Huang W, Chen Y, Li G, Liu N, Wu Y, Wang G, Li Q, Kong D, Xue T, Yang N, Liu Y. Chronic restraint stress promotes the mobilization and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells through β-adrenergic-activated CXCL5-CXCR2-Erk signaling cascades. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:460-472. [PMID: 33751565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor immune escape. Recent studies have shown that MDSCs contribute to tumor progression under psychological stress, but the underlying mechanism of MDSCs mobilization and recruitment remains largely unknown. In the present study, a chronic restraint stress paradigm was applied to the H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bearing mice to mimic the psychological stress. We observed that chronic restraint stress significantly promoted HCC growth, as well as the mobilization of MDSCs to spleen and tumor sites from bone marrow. Meanwhile, chronic restraint stress enhanced the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and pErk1/2 in bone marrow MDSCs, together with elevated chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) expression in tumor tissues. In vitro, the treatments of MDSCs with epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) but not corticosterone (CORT)-treated H22 conditioned medium obviously inhibited T-cell proliferation, as well as enhanced CXCR2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) phosphorylation. In vivo, β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol almost completely reversed the accelerated tumor growth induced by chronic restraint stress and inactivated CXCL5-CXCR2-Erk signaling pathway. Our findings support the crucial role of β-adrenergic signaling cascade in the mobilization and recruitment of MDSCs under chronic restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Nasi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qian Li
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
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Kotemori A, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Ishihara J, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Inflammation in Japanese Men. Front Nutr 2021; 8:604296. [PMID: 33898494 PMCID: PMC8062774 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.604296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary components are known to affect chronic low-grade inflammation status. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was developed to measure the potential impact of a diet on an individual's inflammatory status, and it has been validated mainly in Western countries. Objective: This study aimed to examine the validity of the energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration in Japanese men and women. Methods: In total, 6,474 volunteers from a cancer-screening program (3,825 men and 2,649 women) completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and their hs-CRP concentrations were evaluated. E-DII scores were calculated on the basis of 30 food parameters derived from the FFQ. Higher E-DII scores reflect a greater pro-inflammatory potential of the diet. The associations between E-DII quartiles and hs-CRP concentration were assessed using regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, and amount of physical activity. Results: Mean E-DII in men and women was + 0.62 ± 1.93 and −1.01 ± 2.25, respectively. The proportion of men and women who had hs-CRP concentration >3 mg/L was 4.7 and 3.1%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between E-DII score and hs-CRP concentration in men; geometric mean of hs-CRP concentration in the lowest and highest E-DII quartiles was 0.56 mg/L and 0.67 mg/L (Ptrend < 0.01), respectively. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having an elevated hs-CRP concentration (>3 mg/L) was 1.72 (1.10–2.67) in the highest E-DII quartile (Ptrend = 0.03) in men. However, no association was observed between E-DII score and hs-CRP concentration in women, except in those not taking prescription medications. Conclusions: DII was associated with inflammation status in Japanese men, but the association was limited in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kotemori
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Department of Nutrition Connecting Health Innovations Limited Liability Company, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.,Department of Nutrition Connecting Health Innovations Limited Liability Company, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Mulugeta H, Tamene A, Ashenafi T, Thygerson SM, Baxter ND. Workplace stress and associated factors among vehicle repair workers in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249640. [PMID: 33819287 PMCID: PMC8021151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace stress is a public health problem worldwide. Studies focusing on work-related stress among vehicle repair workers are scarce in African countries. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported workplace stress and associated factors among vehicle repair workers in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cross-sectional study design was employed among 347 vehicle repair workers from January 25 to February 22, 2019. Questionnaires were administered using interviews. Additional tools were used for weight and height measurements. The main findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression. The strength of association of variables was presented by odds ratio along with its 95% CI. The statistical assessments were considered significant at p<0.05. A total of 344 workers participated in the study. The prevalence of workplace stress among participants was 41.6% with 95% CI: (36.3-47.1). Factors associated with workplace stress were more than 10 years of work experience [AOR: 2.40; 95% CI (1.29-4.50)], work-related musculoskeletal disorder [AOR: 3.39; 95% CI (1.99-5.78)], squatting and lying work posture [AOR: 4.63; 95% CI (1.61-13.3)] and servicing large vehicles [AOR: 1.96; 95% CI (1.14-3.38)]. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study showed that the overall prevalence of work-related stress was substantially high. The independently associated factors were workers' service years, symptoms of body pain, and the work environment. Preventive measures need to be implemented in vehicle repair workshops by focusing on work environment improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Mulugeta
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Aiggan Tamene
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Shewa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Ashenafi
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medical and Health Science, Hawassa University, Awasa, Ethiopia
| | - Steven M. Thygerson
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel D. Baxter
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Time in Nature Associated with Decreased Fatigue in UK Truck Drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063158. [PMID: 33803843 PMCID: PMC8003164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) driving is recognised as a highly hazardous occupation due to the long periods of sedentary behaviour, low levels of physical activity and unhealthy food options when working. These risk factors combine with shift work and concomitant irregular sleep patterns to increase the prevalence of fatigue. Fatigue is closely linked with stress and, subsequently, poor physiological and psychological health. In parallel, a wealth of evidence has demonstrated the health and wellbeing benefits of spending time in nature. Here, we sought to examine whether spending time in nature was associated with lower levels of fatigue, anxiety and depression in HGV drivers. 89 long-distance drivers (98.9% male, mean ± SD age: 51.0 ± 9 years, body mass index: 29.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participating in a wider health promotion programme reported time spent in nature (during and before the Covid-19 pandemic) and symptoms of occupational fatigue, depression and anxiety. After controlling for covariates, truck drivers who visited nature at least once a week exhibited 16% less chronic fatigue prior to the pandemic, and 23% less chronic fatigue and 20% less acute fatigue during the pandemic. No significant differences were observed for either anxiety or depression. As fatigue has a range of physical and mental health sequelae, we propose that increased exposure to natural settings may make a valuable contribution to interventions to promote the health and wellbeing of this underserved group.
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Wardecker BM, Graham-Engeland JE, Almeida DM. Perceived discrimination predicts elevated biological markers of inflammation among sexual minority adults. J Behav Med 2021; 44:53-65. [PMID: 32930919 PMCID: PMC7855007 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority (SM) adults (those who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual) consistently report more health problems compared to heterosexuals, and they tend to experience excess social stress. Although numerous studies have established links between social stress and clinical outcomes in SM adults, few studies have examined biological factors that may help explain how social stress leads to health disparities among SM adults. We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) to examine whether two inflammatory markers that have been commonly associated with social stress-C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-differed by sexual orientation and whether any differences were explained by perceptions of discrimination. Participants self-identified as heterosexual (n = 1956) or lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n = 81). After controlling for age, gender, race, and education, SM individuals had higher CRP and IL-6 than heterosexuals on average and these differences were partially explained by perceptions of discrimination. Implications for inflammatory pathways as mechanisms related to SM health disparities and discrimination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney M Wardecker
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Challenges in researching the immune pathways between early life adversity and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1597-1624. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExposure to childhood adversity is a critical risk factor for the development of psychopathology. A growing field of research examines how exposure to childhood adversity is translated into biological risk for psychopathology through alterations in immune system functioning, most notably heightened levels of inflammation biomarkers. Though our knowledge about how childhood adversity can instantiate biological risk for psychopathology is growing, there remain many challenges and gaps in the field to understand how inflammation from childhood adversity contributes to psychopathology. This paper reviews research on the inflammatory outcomes arising from childhood adversity and presents four major challenges that future research must address: (a) the measurement of childhood adversity, (b) the measurement of inflammation, (c) the identification of mediators between childhood adversity and inflammation, and (d) the identification of moderators of inflammatory outcomes following childhood adversity. We discuss synergies and inconsistencies in the literature to summarize the current understanding of the association between childhood adversity, a proinflammatory phenotype, and the biological risk for psychopathology. We discuss the clinical implications of the inflammatory links between childhood adversity and psychopathology, including possibilities for intervention. Finally, this review conclude by delineates future directions for research, including issues of how best to detect, prevent, and understand these “hidden wounds” of childhood adversity.
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44
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Lam PH, Chiang JJ, Chen E, Miller GE. Race, socioeconomic status, and low-grade inflammatory biomarkers across the lifecourse: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104917. [PMID: 33160231 PMCID: PMC7722477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are patterned by race and socioeconomic status, and chronic low-grade inflammation is proposed as a key underlying mechanism. Theories for how racial and socioeconomic disadvantages foster inflammation emphasize a lifecourse approach: social disadvantages enable chronic or repeated exposure to stressors, unhealthy behaviors, and environmental risks that accumulate across the lifecourse to increase low-grade inflammation. However, single samples rarely include multiple racial and socioeconomic groups that each span a wide age range, precluding examination of this proposition. To address this issue, the current study combined seven studies that measured C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, producing a pooled sample of 1650 individuals aged 11-60 years. We examined (a) whether race and socioeconomic disparities in inflammatory biomarkers vary across the lifecourse, (b) whether adiposity operates as a pathway leading to these disparities, and (c) whether any indirect pathways through adiposity also vary across the lifecourse. Relative to White individuals, Black individuals exhibited higher, whereas Asian individuals exhibited lower, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and adiposity accounted for these racial differences. Similarly, lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers via elevated adiposity. Importantly, both racial and socioeconomic disparities, as well as their pathways via adiposity, widened across the lifecourse. This pattern suggests that the impact of social disadvantages compound with age, leading to progressively larger disparities in low-grade inflammation. More broadly, these findings highlight the importance of considering age when examining health disparities and formulating conceptual models that specify how and why disparities may vary across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jessica J. Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306N White-Gravenor Hall, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington DC, 20057
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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Nitric Oxide Mediates Inflammation in Type II Diabetes Mellitus through the PPAR γ/eNOS Signaling Pathway. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8889612. [PMID: 33293942 PMCID: PMC7718064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8889612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation accounts for the process of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the specific mechanism of which is still to be elucidated yet. Nitric oxide (NO), a critical inflammation regulator, the role of which is the inflammation of T2DM, is rarely reported. Therefore, our study is aimed at exploring the effect of NO on the inflammation in T2DM and the corresponding mechanism. We analyzed the NO levels in plasma samples from T2DM patients and paired healthy adults by Nitric Oxide Analyzer then measured the expression of inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein, heptoglobin, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) in insulin-induced HepG2 cells treated with NO donor or NO scavenger, and the PPARγ, eNOS, C-reactive protein, heptoglobin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blot in insulin-induced HepG2 cells transfected with si-PPARγ. The results showed that excess NO increased the inflammation marker levels in T2DM, which is activated by the PPARγ/eNOS pathway. These findings will strengthen the understanding of NO in T2DM and provide a new target for the treatment of T2DM.
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Armon G, Melamed S, Shirom A, Shapira I, Berliner S. Personality Traits and Body Weight Measures: Concurrent and Across–Time Associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested the possibility that the five–factor model of personality is associated with three measures of body weight and with changes in their levels over time and that these associations are gender specific. The study was conducted at two points of time, Time 1 (2664 participants) and Time 2 (1492 participants), over approximately 4 years, controlling for gender, age, education, and having a chronic disease. Body weight was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, waist–to–hip ratio, and the five–factor model by Saucier's Mini–Markers. Cross–sectional regression results indicated that conscientiousness was negatively associated with the three body weight measures, whereas neuroticism and extraversion were positively associated with the three body weight measures. The longitudinal regression results indicate that extraversion was associated with an increase in two of the body weight measures. Neuroticism was associated with increase in all three body weight measures and more strongly for women than for men. Openness was associated with a decrease in all three body weight measures for women, but this association was not significant for men. These findings help identify personality traits that lead to risk of weight gain and point to the modifying role of gender. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Armon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samuel Melamed
- School of Behavioral Science, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Shirom
- Faculty of Management, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Jayaraj P, Narasimhulu CA, Rajagopalan S, Parthasarathy S, Desikan R. Sesamol: a powerful functional food ingredient from sesame oil for cardioprotection. Food Funct 2020; 11:1198-1210. [PMID: 32037412 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytophenols are important bioactive food based chemical entities, largely present in several natural sources. Among them, sesamol is one of the key natural phenols found in sesame seeds, Piper cubeba etc. Several studies have reported that sesame oil is a potent cardioprotective functional food. Papers on the utility of sesamol in sesame oil (the chemical name of sesamol is methylenedioxyphenol, MDP) have appeared in the literature, though there is no single concise review on the usefulness of sesamol in sesame oil in CVD in the literature. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most challenging health problem encountered by the global population. There has been increasing interest in the growth of effective cardiovascular therapeutics, specifically of natural origin. Among various natural sources of chemicals, phytochemicals are micronutrients and bio-compatible scaffolds having an extraordinary efficacy at multiple disease targets with minimal or no adverse effect. This review offers a perspective on the existing literature on functional ingredients in sesame oil with particular focus on sesamol and its derivatives having nutritional and cardioprotective properties. This is demonstrated to have shown a specifically modulating oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other proteins which are detrimental to human well-being. The molecular mechanism of cardioprotection by this food ingredient is primarily attributed to the methylenedioxy group present in the sesamol component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Whitworth SR, Bruce DG, Starkstein SE, Davis TME, Skinner TC, Davis WA, Bucks RS. Risk factors and outcomes of anxiety symptom trajectories in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1688-1695. [PMID: 32531090 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify determinants and outcomes of 4-year trajectories of anxiety symptoms in a community-based cohort with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Some 1091 participants in the Fremantle Diabetes Study-Phase II with type 2 diabetes completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale at baseline and biennially for 4 years, in addition to psychological, biomedical and self-management measures. Latent growth mixture modelling identified trajectories of anxiety symptom severity, and regression models determined predictors of trajectory membership and associated outcomes. RESULTS Two distinct groups of participants were identified: those with continuously low-no anxiety symptoms (87%) and those with improving but consistently high anxiety symptoms (elevated anxiety; 13%). Higher HbA1c and BMI, macrovascular complications and a history of generalized anxiety and/or major depressive disorder increased the risk of elevated anxiety. Elevated anxiety did not predict change in health-related outcomes over time. Elevated anxiety and depression symptoms were highly comorbid and those with both displayed the most persistent anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms. Routine monitoring of the severity of psychological symptoms over time in this population should facilitate earlier and more intensive mood management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Whitworth
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D G Bruce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S E Starkstein
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T C Skinner
- Institute for Psychology, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W A Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Metabolite profiling of mice under long-term fructose drinking and vitamin D deficiency: increased risks for metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:587-598. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Reid BM, Doom JR, Argote RB, Correa-Burrows P, Lozoff B, Blanco E, Gahagan S. Pathways to inflammation in adolescence through early adversity, childhood depressive symptoms, and body mass index: A prospective longitudinal study of Chilean infants. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 86:4-13. [PMID: 31185272 PMCID: PMC6899213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early adversity, depression, and obesity are associated with increases in low-grade inflammation. However, there are few prospective and longitudinal studies to elucidate how these associations unfold in children. The present study used latent growth curve models to examine pathways between family adversity in infancy, depressive symptoms in childhood, body mass index (BMI) in childhood, and inflammation in adolescence (age = 16-18). The study is an adolescent follow-up of infants from working-class communities around Santiago, Chile, who participated in a preventive trial of iron supplementation at 6 months of age. Anthropometrics, stressful life events, maternal depression, socioeconomic status, and developmental assessments were measured at 12 months, 5 years, 10 years, and adolescence. In adolescence, participants provided blood samples for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assessment. Greater exposure to early adversity in the form of interpersonal conflict stress in infancy indirectly associated with increased hsCRP through its association to increased intercept and slope of childhood BMI. Depressive symptoms at any time were not directly or indirectly associated with increased hsCRP. These findings contribute to our understanding of how early family adversity and its associations with obesity and depressive symptoms across childhood are linked to low-grade, chronic inflammation in adolescence. The model identified as best capturing the data supported the pivotal role of childhood BMI in explaining how early-life adversity is associated with inflammation in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie M. Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Corresponding author. (B.M. Reid)
| | - Jenalee R. Doom
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Estela Blanco
- Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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