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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Amino acid HPLC-FLD analysis of spirulina and its protective mechanism against the combination of obesity and colitis in wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30103. [PMID: 38694088 PMCID: PMC11061748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The cafeteria diet (CD), designed as an experimental diet mimicking the obesogenic diet, may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study delves into the influence of spirulina (SP) on obesity associated with colitis in Wistar rats. Methods The amino acids composition of SP was analyzed using HPLC-FLD. Animals were equally separated into eight groups, each containing seven animals and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: Control diet (SD), cafeteria diet (CD) group, CD + SP (500 mg/kg) and SD + SP. Ulcerative colitis was provoked by rectal injection of acetic acid (AA) (3 % v/v, 5 ml/kg b.w.) on the last day of treatment in the following groups: SD + AA, SD + AA + SP, CD + AA, and CD + AA + SP. Results Findings revealed that UC and/or CD increased the abdominal fat, weights gain, and colons. Moreover, severe colonic alteration, perturbations in the serum metabolic parameters associated with an oxidative stress state in the colonic mucosa, defined by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased levels of plasma scavenging activity (PSA). Additionally, obesity exacerbated the severity of AA-induced UC promoting inflammation marked by the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significantly, treatment with SP provided notable protection against inflammation severity, reduced histopathological alterations, attenuated lipid peroxidation (MDA), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPX) along with non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and SH-G). Conclusions Thus, the antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory proprieties of SP could be attributed to its richness in amino acids, which could potentially mitigate inflammation severity in obese subjects suffering from ulcerative colitis. These results imply that SP hold promise as a therapeutic agent for managing of UC, particularly in individuals with concomitant obesity. Understanding SP's mechanisms of action may lead novel treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases and hyperlipidemia in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Ala Ayari
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratoire d'anatomie Pathologique Humaine et Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Université de Jendouba, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, LR: Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 9000, Béja, Tunisia
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Jin ES, Malloy CR, Sharma G, Finn E, Fuller KNZ, Reyes YG, Lovell MA, Derderian SC, Schoen JA, Inge TH, Cree MG. Glycerol as a precursor for hepatic de novo glutathione synthesis in human liver. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102749. [PMID: 37224695 PMCID: PMC10225920 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol is a substrate for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid esterification in the liver, processes which are upregulated in obesity and may contribute to excess fat accumulation. Glycine and glutamate, in addition to cysteine, are components of glutathione, the major antioxidant in the liver. In principle, glycerol could be incorporated into glutathione via the TCA cycle or 3-phosphoglycerate, but it is unknown whether glycerol contributes to hepatic de novo glutathione biosynthesis. METHODS Glycerol metabolism to hepatic metabolic products including glutathione was examined in the liver from adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants received oral [U-13C3]glycerol (50 mg/kg) prior to surgery and liver tissue (0.2-0.7g) was obtained during surgery. Glutathione, amino acids, and other water-soluble metabolites were extracted from the liver tissue and isotopomers were quantified with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Data were collected from 8 participants (2 male, 6 female; age 17.1 years [range 14-19]; BMI 47.4 kg/m2 [range 41.3-63.3]). The concentrations of free glutamate, cysteine, and glycine were similar among participants, and so were the fractions of 13C-labeled glutamate and glycine derived from [U-13C3]glycerol. The signals from all component amino acids of glutathione - glutamate, cysteine and glycine - were strong and analyzed to obtain the relative concentrations of the antioxidant in the liver. The signals from glutathione containing [13C2]glycine or [13C2]glutamate derived from the [U-13C3]glycerol drink were readily detected, and 13C-labelling patterns in the moieties were consistent with the patterns in corresponding free amino acids from the de novo glutathione synthesis pathway. The newly synthesized glutathione with [U-13C3]glycerol trended to be lower in obese adolescents with liver pathology. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of glycerol incorporation into glutathione through glycine or glutamate metabolism in human liver. This could represent a compensatory mechanism to increase glutathione in the setting of excess glycerol delivery to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA
| | - Erin Finn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yesenia Garcia Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark A Lovell
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sarkis C Derderian
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jonathan A Schoen
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA
| | - Melanie G Cree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Kustova MV, Prokofiev II, Perfilova VN, Muzyko EA, Zavadskaya VE, Varlamova SV, Kucheryavenko AS, Tyurenkov IN, Vasilyeva OS. The role of iNOS inhibition in the mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of new GABA and glutamic acid derivatives in the model of acute alcoholic myocardial injury in rats. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:112-124. [PMID: 37132493 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236902112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of new derivatives of glutamic acid (glufimet) and GABA (mefargin) were studied in rats exposed to acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) under conditions of selective blockade of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS). AAI induced a pronounced decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium during exercise tests (load by volume, test for adrenoreactivity, isometric exercise), caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in heart cells. A decrease in NO production during iNOS inhibition and AAI improved the respiratory function of mitochondria, a decreased the level of LPO products, and increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity of heart cells. This led to an increase in myocardial contractility. The studied compounds, glufimet and mefargin, caused a statistically significant increase in the rates of myocardial contraction and relaxation, left ventricular pressure, and also reduced NO production. This was accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of LPO processes and an increase in the respiratory control ratio (RCR), reflecting the coupling between respiration and phosphorylation processes during activation of the respiratory chain complexes I and II. The decrease in NO concentration during selective blockade of iNOS and administration of the studied substances was less pronounced than without blockade of the enzyme. This suggests the putative effect of new derivatives of neuroactive amino acids on the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kustova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I I Prokofiev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E A Muzyko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - S V Varlamova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - O S Vasilyeva
- Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wang H, Ni X, Dong W, Qin W, Xu L, Jiang Y. Accurately quantified plasma free glycine concentration as a biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Amino Acids 2023; 55:385-402. [PMID: 36697969 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method to study the change of plasma levels of free glycine (Gly) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Twenty-four patients with AIS confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were enrolled. During the study period, the patients did not receive any supplemental amino acids therapy that could affect the obtained results. Our results showed that although AIS patients adopted different methods of treatment (thrombolytic and non-thrombolytic), the clinical NIHSS score of AIS showed a downward trend whereas Gly concentration showed increased trend. Moreover, plasma free Gly concentration was positively correlated with ASPECTS score. The correlation between Gly levels and infarct volume showed a statistical significance. That is to say, higher Gly level predicted smaller infarct size. Thus, the change of free Gly level in plasma could be considered as a potential biomarker of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weichong Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weiman Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
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Kustova MV, Perfilova VN, Prokofiev II, Musyko EA, Kucheryavenko AS, Kusnetsova EE, Tsetsera DE, Tyurenkov IN. Pharmacological correction of the sequelae of acute alcohol-induced myocardial damage with new derivatives of neuroactive amino acids coupled with the blockade of the neuronal NO synthase isoform. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.90241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) induces a number of myocardial disorders, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, and decreased cardiac contractility. Nitric oxide produced by the nNOS is one of the major modulators of cardiac activity. New derivatives of GABA (RSPU-260 compound) and glutamate (glufimet) can be potentially regarded as such agents as the interaction between the NO system and the GABA and glutamatergic systems has been proved.
Materials and methods: All the studies were performed on female white Wistar rats, aged 10 months, whose weight was 280–320g AAI intoxication was modeled of 32% ethanol (gavage, 4g/kg).
Results and discussion: Glufimet and the RSPU-260 compound caused a significant improvement in myocardial contractility, increased oxygen consumption in the V3 state according to Chance, raised the respiratory control ratio and decreased the intensity of LPO intensity. Their effectiveness exceeded that of mildronate, their comparator. nNOS inhibition resulted in a pronounced aggravation of oxidative stress implicated in MDA accumulation in cardiac mitochondria and decreased activity of SOD; myocardial contractility and mitochondrial function indicators did not show a significant difference from the control group. The compounds under study coupled with nNOS inhibition had a cardioprotective effect.
Conclusion: Glufimet and the RSPU-260 compound, derivatives of neuroactive amino acids, have a pronounced cardioprotective effect, restrict LPO processes, enhance SOD activity, improve the mitochondrial respiratory function after acute alcohol intoxication when coupled with neuronal NO-synthase inhibition, the expression of which persists after AAI.
Graphical abstract:
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Bona S, Fernandes SA, Moreira ACJ, Rodrigues G, Schemitt EG, Di Naso FC, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Melatonin restores zinc levels, activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, and modulates endoplasmic reticular stress and HSP in rats with chronic hepatotoxicity. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2022; 13:11-22. [PMID: 35433098 PMCID: PMC8968507 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant molecule that is shown to have a beneficial effect in various pathological situations, due to its action against free radicals.
AIM To evaluate the effect of MLT on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in rats in terms of oxidative stress, reticular stress, and cell damage.
METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were divided into four groups: Control rats, rats treated with MLT alone, rats treated with CCl4 alone, and rats treated with CCl4 plus MLT. CCl4 was administered as follows: Ten doses every 5 d, ten every 4 d, and seven every 3 d. MLT was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg from the 10th wk to the end of the experiment (16th wk).
RESULTS MLT was able to reduce the release of liver enzymes in the bloodstream and to decrease oxidative stress in CCl4 treated rats by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increasing superoxide dismutase activity, with a lower reduction in serum zinc levels, guaranteeing a reduction in liver damage; additionally, it increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and decreased the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. MLT also decreased the expression of the proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, i.e., glucose-regulated protein 78 and activating transcription factor 6, as well as of heat shock factor 1 and heat shock protein 70.
CONCLUSION MLT has a hepatoprotective effect in an experimental model of CCl4-induced liver injury, since it reduces oxidative stress, restores zinc levels, and modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bona
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Posgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040-001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Janz Moreira
- Biological Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graziella Rodrigues
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizângela G Schemitt
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cangeri Di Naso
- Postgraduate Program in Pneumological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90000-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A Marroni
- Posgraduate Program in Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040-001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Norma P Marroni
- Medical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Trongtrakul K, Thonusin C, Pothirat C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Past Experiences for Future Applications of Metabolomics in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shocks. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010001. [PMID: 35050123 PMCID: PMC8779293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A disruption of several metabolic pathways in critically ill patients with sepsis indicates that metabolomics might be used as a more precise tool for sepsis and septic shock when compared with the conventional biomarkers. This article provides information regarding metabolomics studies in sepsis and septic shock patients. It has been shown that a variety of metabolomic pathways are altered in sepsis and septic shock, including amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, phospholipid metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Based upon this comprehensive review, here, we demonstrate that metabolomics is about to change the world of sepsis biomarkers, not only for its utilization in sepsis diagnosis, but also for prognosticating and monitoring the therapeutic response. Additionally, the future direction regarding the establishment of studies integrating metabolomics with other molecular modalities and studies identifying the relationships between metabolomic profiles and clinical characteristics to address clinical application are discussed in this article. All of the information from this review indicates the important impact of metabolomics as a tool for diagnosis, monitoring therapeutic response, and prognostic assessment of sepsis and septic shock. These findings also encourage further clinical investigations to warrant its use in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (N.C.)
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (N.C.)
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Sulforaphane Ameliorates the Liver Injury of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Rats. J Surg Res 2021; 267:293-301. [PMID: 34174694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective effects of sulforaphane on liver injury induced by high-fat diet and sodium valproate were previously reported. The present study preliminarily investigated the effect of sulforaphane on liver injury induced by traumatic hemorrhagic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS After a traumatic hemorrhagic shock model was established in rats, the survival of rats during the first 24 hours was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were measured using a biochemical analyzer or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cell apoptosis and histopathology of liver tissues were examined by TUNEL and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2 associated X (Bax), Caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the liver tissues were determined by immunohistochemical staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blot. RESULTS Sulforaphane promoted the health of the animal, reduced liver cell apoptosis and ameliorated the histopathological damage in the liver of rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Sulforaphane downregulated the expressions of liver function-related factors (ALT, AST, TB), inflammation-related factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS), and apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Caspase-3) and upregulated the expressions of factors related to apoptosis (Bcl-2) and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway (Nrf2, HO-1). CONCLUSION Sulforaphane protected the liver against traumatic hemorrhagic shock through ameliorating the apoptosis and inflammation of the liver via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Ji Y, Fan X, Zhang Y, Li J, Dai Z, Wu Z. Glycine regulates mucosal immunity and the intestinal microbial composition in weaned piglets. Amino Acids 2021; 54:385-398. [PMID: 33839961 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is an amino acid with a diverse array of health benefits regarding metabolism, immunity, and development. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that glycine supplementation alters the intestinal microbial composition and improves the intestinal mucosal immunity of weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty-eight weaned piglets divided into 4 groups were fed with a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, or 2% glycine for 7 days. The intestinal microbiota and tissue samples from the control and the 2% glycine-supplemented piglets were collected for determination of the composition of microbial community and the intestinal mucosal barrier function. Piglets fed with diet containing 2% glycine, instead of 0.5% or 1% glycine, presented elevated average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, as compared with the control. 2% glycine enhanced the abundance of mucins in the jejunum and ileum and mRNA level of porcine β-defensin (pBD) 2 and pBD-3, as well as the protein level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the jejunum. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and the protein level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and claudin-2 in the jejunum were lower in the 2% glycine group than that in the control. In addition, an elevated ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes was observed in the jejunum of piglets receiving diet supplemented with 2% glycine. The colon content of piglets fed with 2% glycine exhibited a reduction in abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium, and Burkholderiales) and an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Blautia, Lachnospiraceae, Anaerostipes, and Prevotella) in comparison with the control. We conclude that dietary supplementation with 2% glycine improves the intestinal immunological barrier function and the microbial composition, therefore, contributing to the growth performance of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ju Li
- Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Xinzheng, 451100, Henan, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Hariri M, Baradaran HR, Gholami A. The effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3575-3589. [PMID: 33586244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we summarized the effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) among adult participants. We systematically searched Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov for articles published up to May 2020. Effect size was calculated by mean change from baseline of TNF-α concentrations and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups. If the heterogeneity test was statistically significant, DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to estimate the summary of the overall effects and its heterogeneity. Nineteen and fourteen randomized clinical trials were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The result of overall effect size indicated a non-significant effect in serum concentration of TNF-α following soy isoflavones intake (WMD = 0.2 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.53; p = .226) and the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein intake (WMD = 0.02 pg/ml, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06; p = .286). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant change in circulatory levels of TNF-α following soy isoflavones plus soy protein intake. In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta-analysis found insufficient evidence that soy isoflavones or the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein significantly reduce serum concentration of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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11
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Aghaei M, Ramezanitaghartapeh M, Javan M, Hoseininezhad-Namin MS, Mirzaei H, Rad AS, Soltani A, Sedighi S, Lup ANK, Khori V, Mahon PJ, Heidari F. Investigations of adsorption behavior and anti-inflammatory activity of glycine functionalized Al 12N 12 and Al 12ON 11 fullerene-like cages. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119023. [PMID: 33049473 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of the amino acid, glycine (Gly), via the carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups onto the surfaces of Al12N12 and Al16N16 fullerene-like cages were computationally evaluated by the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking studies. It was found that Gly can chemically bond with the Al12N12 and Al16N16 fullerene-like cages as its amino group being more favorable to interact with the aluminum atoms of the adsorbents compared to carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Oxygen and carbon doping were reported to reduce steric hindrance for Glycine interaction at Al site of Al12ON11/Gly and Al12CN11/Gly complexes. Interaction was further enhanced by oxygen doping due to its greater electron withdrawing effect. Herein, the Al12ON11/Gly complex where two carbonyl groups of Gly are bonded to the aluminum atoms of the Al12N12 fullerene-like cage is the most stable interaction configuration showing ∆adsH and ∆adsG values of -81.74 kcal/mol and -66.21 kcal/mol, respectively. Computational studies also revealed the frequency shifts that occurred due to the interaction process. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the Al12N12/Gly (-11.7 kcal/mol) and the Al12ON11/Gly (-9.2 kcal/mol) complexes have a good binding affinity with protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α was implicated as a key cytokine in various diseases, and it has been a validated therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that the Al12N12/Gly complex in comparison with the Al16N16/Gly, Al12ON11/Gly, and the Al12CN11/Gly complexes could be efficient inhibitors of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Aghaei
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Javan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mirzaei
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Shokuhi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Andrew Ng Kay Lup
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Peter J Mahon
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
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12
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Li CY. Can Glycine Mitigate COVID-19 Associated Tissue Damage and Cytokine Storm? Radiat Res 2020; 194:199-201. [PMID: 32942307 PMCID: PMC7574884 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00146.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yuan Li
- Departments of Dermatology, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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13
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Datzmann T, Hoffmann A, McCook O, Merz T, Wachter U, Preuss J, Vettorazzi S, Calzia E, Gröger M, Kohn F, Schmid A, Denoix N, Radermacher P, Wepler M. Effects of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in swine with preexisting atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Kaidarova DR, Kopp MV, Pokrovsky VS, Dzhugashvili M, Akimzhanova ZM, Abdrakhmanov RZ, Babich EN, Bilan EV, Byakhov AV, Gurov SN, Koroleva IA, Mochalova AS, Povaga SS, Raigorodsky MV, Saifullin AS, Sanz E, Petrovskiy FI. Multicomponent nutritional supplement Oncoxin and its influence on quality of life and therapy toxicity in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5644-5652. [PMID: 31641390 PMCID: PMC6798186 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer often requires the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). In real clinical practice, numerous patients suffer from severe toxicity and reduced quality of life (QoL). Hence, there is a need to maintain QoL and to reduce therapy toxicity to comply with recommended chemotherapy (CT) regimens. The present study focused on the effects of the multi-component nutritional supplement Oncoxin (ONCX) on QoL and CT-induced toxicity in patients undergoing ACT. A total of 133 patients aged 50-70 years with gastric cancer IIB-IIIC or non-small cell lung cancer IIB-IIIA were enrolled in the present study: 84 received ONCX, and 49 were included in the control arm and received CT only. It was identified that after 2 weeks of treatment the patients receiving ONCX exhibited clinically meaningful improvement of QoL (measured by Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Questionnaire) compared with those in the control group (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.00-4.29). By the end of a 3 week-period, the albumin level was higher in patients of the ONCX group compared with those in the control group (mean, 38.1; 95% CI, 37.1-39.1 g/l; vs. mean, 35.5; 95% CI, 33.9-37.0; P=0.03; respectively). Furthermore, the use of ONCX substantively reduced the hepatic toxicity of ACT. The present prospective real clinical setting study revealed positive effects of ONCX on QoL and ACT toxicity. The present study was retrospectively registered under the study registration number NCT03550482 at ClinicalTrials.gov (June 8, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RUDN University, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Maia Dzhugashvili
- Department of Oncology Radiology, Murcia University, Murcia 30200, Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Nikolaevna Babich
- Department of Oncology, Khanty-Mansiysk Regional Clinical Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk 628012, Russia
| | | | - Anton Valeryevich Byakhov
- Department of Chemotherapy, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n. a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Svetlana Sergeevna Povaga
- Department of Chemotherapy, Russian Railways Hospital at The Station Smolensk, Smolensk 214025, Russia
| | | | | | - Eduardo Sanz
- Scientific Department, Catalysis S.L., Madrid 28016, Spain
| | - Fedor Igorevich Petrovskiy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Khanty-Mansiysk 628011, Russia
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15
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The footprints of mitochondrial impairment and cellular energy crisis in the pathogenesis of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and Fanconi's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Toxicology 2019; 423:1-31. [PMID: 31095988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi's Syndrome (FS) is a disorder characterized by impaired renal proximal tubule function. FS is associated with a vast defect in the renal reabsorption of several chemicals. Inherited and/or acquired conditions seem to be connected with FS. Several xenobiotics including many pharmaceuticals are capable of inducing FS and nephrotoxicity. Although the pathological state of FS is well described, the exact underlying etiology and cellular mechanism(s) of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS are not elucidated. Constant and high dependence of the renal reabsorption process to energy (ATP) makes mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal mechanism which could be involved in the pathogenesis of FS. The current review focuses on the footprints of mitochondrial impairment in the etiology of xenobiotics-induced FS. Moreover, the importance of mitochondria protecting agents and their preventive/therapeutic capability against FS is highlighted. The information collected in this review may provide significant clues to new therapeutic interventions aimed at minimizing xenobiotics-induced renal injury, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS.
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16
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Capasso L, Vento G, Loddo C, Tirone C, Iavarone F, Raimondi F, Dani C, Fanos V. Oxidative Stress and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Evidences From Microbiomics, Metabolomics, and Proteomics. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30815432 PMCID: PMC6381008 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a major issue affecting morbidity and mortality of surviving premature babies. Preterm newborns are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a typical oxidation pattern in the early stages of this disease, suggesting the important role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a complex disease where knowledge advances as new investigative tools become available. The explosion of the "omics" disciplines has recently affected BPD research. This review focuses on the new evidence coming from microbiomics, metabolomics and proteomics in relation to oxidative stress and pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Since the pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, information gained in this regard would be important for planning an efficacious prevention and treatment strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Capasso
- Neonatology, Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Pediatrics area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Loddo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Pediatrics area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Neonatology, Section of Pediatrics, Department of Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Neonatology, University Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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17
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Mitochondria protecting amino acids: Application against a wide range of mitochondria-linked complications. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Bai Q, Peng B, Wu X, Cao Y, Sun X, Hong M, Na R, Liu B, Li Q, Li Z, Fang W, Zhu N, Zong C, Yu Q. Metabolomic study for essential hypertension patients based on dried blood spot mass spectrometry approach. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:777-785. [PMID: 30092118 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasingly serious public-health challenge worldwide. The traditional blood pressure measurement method could easily and reliably detect blood pressure. However, the delayed symptom onset may influence the screening of essential hypertension (EH). In addition, EH is significantly associated to cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney disease. Hence, it is urgent to define associated biomarkers with early diagnosis potential for EH. A dried blood spot method integrated with direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomic analysis was applied for the detection of metabolites toward 87 EH patients and 91 healthy controls (HC). Multiple algorithms were run on training set (62 EH and 64 HC) for selecting differential metabolites as potential biomarkers. A test set (25 EH and 27 HC) was used to verify and evaluate selected potential biomarkers. A novel blood biomarker model based on Gly, Orn, C10, Orn/Cit, Phe/Tyr, and C5-OH/C8 exhibited potential to differentiate EH patients from HC individuals, with a sensitivity of 0.8400 and a specificity of 0.8889 in test set. The metabolomic analysis of EH is beneficial to the definition of disease-associated biomarkers and the development of new diagnostic approaches. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(8):777-785, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Internal medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baohua Peng
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mo Hong
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongmei Na
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baiting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianxiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuanghe Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengguo Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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19
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Chen L, Zhang J, Li C, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao D, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang Y, Guo X. Glycine Transporter-1 and glycine receptor mediate the antioxidant effect of glycine in diabetic rat islets and INS-1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:53-61. [PMID: 29753073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main inducer of β-cell damage, which underlies the pathogenesis of diabetes. Evidence suggests that glycine, a recognized antioxidant, may improve β-cell function; however, its mechanism in protecting diabetic β-cells against oxidative stress has not been directly investigated. Using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, we evaluated whether glycine can attenuate diabetic β-cell damage induced by oxidative stress. In diabetic rats, glycine stimulated insulin secretion; enhanced plasma glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase levels; reduced plasma 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and islet p22phox levels; and improved islet β-cell mitochondrial degeneration and insulin granule degranulation. In INS-1 cells, glycine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and inhibited apoptosis induced by high glucose or H2O2. Glycine transporter-1 inhibitor blocked the antioxidative effect of glycine by reducing the intracellular GSH content, and glycine receptor inhibitor reversed the glycine antioxidative effect by blocking p22phox. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism by which glycine protects diabetic β-cells against damage caused by oxidative stress by increasing glycine transporter-1-mediated synthesis of GSH and by reducing glycine receptor-mediated ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China
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20
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Urinary 1H-NMR Metabolomics in the First Week of Life Can Anticipate BPD Diagnosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7620671. [PMID: 30050661 PMCID: PMC6046120 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7620671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancements in medical knowledge and technology, the etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is not yet fully understood although oxidative stress seems to play a role, leading to a very demanding management of these patients by the neonatologist. In this context, metabolomics can be useful in understanding, diagnosing, and treating this illness since it is one of the newest omics science that analyzes the metabolome of an individual through the investigation of biological fluids such as urine and blood. In this study, 18 patients admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Cagliari University Hospital were enrolled. Among them, 11 patients represented the control group and 7 patients subsequently developed BPD. A sample of urine was collected from each patient at 7 days of life and analyzed through 1H-NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. The discriminant metabolites between the 2 groups noted were alanine, betaine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, lactate, and glycine. Utilizing metabolomics, it was possible to detect the urinary metabolomics fingerprint of neonates in the first week of life who subsequently developed BPD. Future studies are needed to confirm these promising results suggesting a possible role of microbiota and oxidative stress, and to apply this technology in clinical practice.
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21
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Borisov AV, Prokofiev II, Mokrousov IS, Perfilova VN, Tyurenkov IN. Inhibition of the Expression of Inducible NO Synthase by Neuroactive Amino Acid Derivatives Phenibut and Glufimet In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:177-180. [PMID: 29181662 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of glufimet and phenibut (glutamic acid and GABA derivatives, respectively) on concentration of inducible NO synthase and cGMP in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages and on NO end products in their culture medium were examined in vitro and ex vivo. Addition of LPS into culture medium elevated concentration of NO metabolites in this medium and increased concentration of inducible NO synthase and cGMP in the lysates of peritoneal macrophages, whereas incubation of the cells with examined agents applied at concentration of 10-5 M diminished these indices. Similar results were obtained with intraperitoneal injection of LPS, glufimet, and phenibut. In culture medium containing peritoneal macrophages from the mice injected with LPS (100 μg/kg), the concentrations of inducible NO synthase and cGMP as well as the total concentration of nitrite and nitrate ions increased, whereas in culture medium with the cells from LPS-exposed mice treated with glufimet (28.7 mg/kg) and phenibut (50 mg/kg) these indices significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Borisov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Prokofiev
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I S Mokrousov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmacia, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Yang L, Dong X. Inhibition of Inflammatory Response by Crocin Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Organ Damages in Rats. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:295-302. [PMID: 28453369 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is associated with an excessive activation of inflammation, contributing to multiple organ failure in numerous medical or surgical conditions. To explore the therapeutic potential of crocin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory properties, we administered crocin to rats during resuscitation following HS induced by withdrawing blood. Compared with control animals which were sham-treated, HS-operated rats showed organ damages as manifested by enhanced markers of multiple organ dysfunctions. Crocin treatment substantially reduced these parameters in rats subjected to HS, suggesting an alleviation of tissue injuries such as in the kidney, liver, pancreas, and muscle. The activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway in lung tissue by HS, as shown by increased nuclear translocation of p65 and IκBα phosphorylation, was diminished by crocin treatment. The crocin administration also significantly decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, whereas increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in HS-operated rats. These studies indicate that crocin administration may reduce inflammation-driven tissue damage in patients with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Cangzhou City Central Hospital Brain Campus , Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Dong
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital , Cangzhou, China
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23
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Ramdath DD, Padhi EMT, Sarfaraz S, Renwick S, Duncan AM. Beyond the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soy Protein: A Review of the Effects of Dietary Soy and Its Constituents on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E324. [PMID: 28338639 PMCID: PMC5409663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypocholesterolemic effect of soy is well-documented and this has led to the regulatory approval of a health claim relating soy protein to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, soybeans contain additional components, such as isoflavones, lecithins, saponins and fiber that may improve cardiovascular health through independent mechanisms. This review summarizes the evidence on the cardiovascular benefits of non-protein soy components in relation to known CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and obesity beyond cholesterol lowering. Overall, the available evidence suggests non-protein soy constituents improve markers of cardiovascular health; however, additional carefully designed studies are required to independently elucidate these effects. Further, work is also needed to clarify the role of isoflavone-metabolizing phenotype and gut microbiota composition on biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dan Ramdath
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Emily M T Padhi
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Sidra Sarfaraz
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Simone Renwick
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2E1, Canada.
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Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1716701. [PMID: 28337245 PMCID: PMC5350494 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1716701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Generally in common feeding conditions, glycine is not sufficiently synthesized in humans, animals, and birds. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. Glycine is very effective in improving the health and supports the growth and well-being of humans and animals. There are overwhelming reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of proper dose of glycine is effectual in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases, several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes. Glycine also has the property to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions. In this review we will focus on the metabolism of glycine in humans and animals and the recent findings and advances about the beneficial effects and protection of glycine in different disease states.
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Xie S, Zhou W, Tian L, Niu J, Liu Y. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione synthesis, anti-oxidative and immune ability of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:233-241. [PMID: 27235905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glycine supplementation on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) synthesis, anti-oxidative and immune ability of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Four practical diets were formulated, control, control +0.2% NAC, control +0.5% glycine, control +0.2% NAC +0.5% glycine. Each diet was randomly assigned to quadruplicate groups of 30 fish (approximately 9.5 g). The weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly increased with the supplementation of NAC and glycine. While they had no effect on feed efficiency feed intake and survival. Glutathion peroxidase (GPx) was increased by NAC and γ-glutamine cysteine synthase (γ-GCS) in plasma were increased by glycine. After the feeding trail, fish were challenged by Streptococcus iniae, fish fed the diet supplemented with NAC obtained significantly higher survival rate after 72 h challenge test. NAC also decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver, increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in plasma, up-regulated mRNA expression of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPx in liver and headkidney. Dietary supplementation of glycine increased the anti-oxidative ability of tilapia through increase anti-oxidative enzyme activity (SOD, glutathione reductase, myeloperoxidase) and up-regulate anti-oxidative gene expression (SOD). Immune ability only enhanced by the supplementation of NAC through increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression. These results clearly indicated that the supplementation of NAC and glycine can significantly improve the growth performance of tilapia, and NAC also enhance the anti-oxidative and immune capacity of tilapia, glycine could only enhance the anti-oxidative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xie
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Zhou
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Niu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Salehi S, Saljooghi AS, Shiri A. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anticancer evaluations of two novel derivatives of deferasirox iron chelator. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kishi S, Campanholle G, Gohil VM, Perocchi F, Brooks CR, Morizane R, Sabbisetti V, Ichimura T, Mootha VK, Bonventre JV. Meclizine Preconditioning Protects the Kidney Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1090-101. [PMID: 26501107 PMCID: PMC4588407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global or local ischemia contributes to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Currently there are no specific therapies to prevent AKI. Potentiation of glycolytic metabolism and attenuation of mitochondrial respiration may decrease cell injury and reduce reactive oxygen species generation from the mitochondria. Meclizine, an over-the-counter anti-nausea and -dizziness drug, was identified in a 'nutrient-sensitized' chemical screen. Pretreatment with 100 mg/kg of meclizine, 17 h prior to ischemia protected mice from IRI. Serum creatinine levels at 24 h after IRI were 0.13 ± 0.06 mg/dl (sham, n = 3), 1.59 ± 0.10 mg/dl (vehicle, n = 8) and 0.89 ± 0.11 mg/dl (meclizine, n = 8). Kidney injury was significantly decreased in meclizine treated mice compared with vehicle group (p < 0.001). Protection was also seen when meclizine was administered 24 h prior to ischemia. Meclizine reduced inflammation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, and tubular injury. Meclizine preconditioned kidney tubular epithelial cells, exposed to blockade of glycolytic and oxidative metabolism with 2-deoxyglucose and NaCN, had reduced LDH and cytochrome c release. Meclizine upregulated glycolysis in glucose-containing media and reduced cellular ATP levels in galactose-containing media. Meclizine inhibited the Kennedy pathway and caused rapid accumulation of phosphoethanolamine. Phosphoethanolamine recapitulated meclizine-induced protection both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kishi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Campanholle
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Gómez-Zamudio JH, García-Macedo R, Lázaro-Suárez M, Ibarra-Barajas M, Kumate J, Cruz M. Vascular endothelial function is improved by oral glycine treatment in aged rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:465-73. [PMID: 25988540 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine has been used to reduce oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators in some metabolic disorders; however, its effect on the vasculature has been poorly studied. The aim of this work was to explore the effect of glycine on endothelial dysfunction in aged rats. Aortic rings with intact or denuded endothelium were obtained from untreated or glycine-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats at 5 and 15 months of age. Concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) were obtained from aortic rings incubated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), superoxide dismutase (SOD), indomethacin, SC-560, and NS-398. Aortic mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin-1 β was measured by real time RT-PCR. The endothelial modulation of the contraction by PHE was decreased in aortic rings from aged rats. Glycine treatment improved this modulator effect and increased relaxation to acetylcholine. Glycine augmented the sensitivity for PHE in the presence of l-NAME and SOD. It also reduced the contraction by incubation with indomethacin, SC-560, and NS-398. Glycine increased the mRNA expression of eNOS and decreased the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. Glycine improved the endothelium function in aged rats possibly by enhancing eNOS expression and reducing the role of superoxide anion and contractile prostanoids that increase the nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime H Gómez-Zamudio
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Distrito Federal, México
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Hua YL, Ji P, Xue ZY, Wei YM. Construction and analysis of correlation networks based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabonomics data for lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and intervention with volatile oil from Angelica sinensis in rats. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:3174-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis (AS) is a well-known important traditional Chinese medicine that yields a volatile oil with anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Gansu Agricultural University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Gansu Agricultural University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-yu Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Gansu Agricultural University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Gansu Agricultural University
- Lanzhou
- People's Republic of China
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Oxidative stress and cell damage in a model of precancerous lesions and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:333-340. [PMID: 28962366 PMCID: PMC5598147 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer deaths throughout the world. This study was aimed to analyze oxidative stress and cell damage in a multistage model of liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 145–150 g were divided into three groups: control, precancerous lesions (PL) (which received 100 mg DEN once a week every 6 weeks up to 28 weeks), and advanced HCC (50 mg DEN once/twice per week up to 19 weeks). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and expression of transforming growth factor-1 beta (TGF)-1β, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide syntahese (eNOS, iNOS), NADPH quinone oxireductase (NQO)-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NrF)2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1 and heat shock protein (HSP)70 were measured. TBARS concentration was augmented in the PL and advanced HCC groups. SOD activity, TGF-1β and Nrf2 expression were higher in animals with precancerous lesions. In advanced HCC, expression of NQO1 and iNOS increased while there was a decrease in HPS70 expression. Data obtained provide evidence for the differential activation of proteins involved in oxidative stress and cell damage during progression of carcinogenesis in an animal model of HCC.
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Key Words
- 2-AAF, 2-acetylaminofluorene
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- Diethylnitrosamine
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- HSP70, heat shock 70-kDa protein
- Heat shock protein
- Hepatocarcinoma
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- MDA, malonaldehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- NQO1, NADPH quinone oxireductase-1
- Nitric oxide synthase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Oxidative stress
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactant substances
- TGF-1β, transforming growth fator-1 beta
- TTBS, Tris-buffered containing 0.05% Tween 20
- UV, ultra violet
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Metabolomic analysis of amino acid and energy metabolism in rats supplemented with chlorogenic acid. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2219-29. [PMID: 24927697 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation on serum and hepatic metabolomes in rats. Rats received daily intragastric administration of either CGA (60 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water (control) for 4 weeks. Growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, and hepatic morphology were measured. Additionally, serum and liver tissue extracts were analyzed for metabolomes by high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and multivariate statistics. CGA did not affect rat growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, or hepatic morphology. However, supplementation with CGA decreased serum concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, succinate, citrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, while increasing serum concentrations of glycine and hepatic concentrations of glutathione. These results suggest that CGA supplementation results in perturbation of energy and amino acid metabolism in rats. We suggest that glycine and glutathione in serum may be useful biomarkers for biological properties of CGA on nitrogen metabolism in vivo.
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Substitution of soy protein for casein prevents oxidative modification and inflammatory response induced in rats fed high fructose diet. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2014; 2014:641096. [PMID: 25006525 PMCID: PMC4009313 DOI: 10.1155/2014/641096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fructose-rich diet is known to cause metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We aimed to compare the effects of two dietary proteins of animal and plant origins on fructose-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory changes in liver. Wistar rats were fed either starch or fructose (60%) diet with casein or soy protein (20%) as the protein source for 8 weeks. Glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine, AOPP, and FRAP were determined in circulation. Intracellular ROS, oxidatively modified proteins (4-HNE and 3-NT adducts), adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1 mRNA expression, phosphorylation and activation of JNK and IKKβ, and NF-κB binding activity were assayed in liver. In comparison with starch fed group, fructose + casein group registered significant decline in antioxidant potential and increase in plasma glucose, insulin, and glycated proteins. Increased ROS production, 4-HNE and 3-NT modified proteins, JNK and IKKβ activation, and NF-κB binding activity were observed in them along with increased gene expression of PAI-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and decreased adiponectin expression. Substitution of soy protein for casein reduced oxidative modification and inflammatory changes in fructose-fed rats. These data suggest that soy protein but not casein can avert the adverse effects elicited by chronic consumption of fructose.
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Díaz-Flores M, Cruz M, Duran-Reyes G, Munguia-Miranda C, Loza-Rodríguez H, Pulido-Casas E, Torres-Ramírez N, Gaja-Rodriguez O, Kumate J, Baiza-Gutman LA, Hernández-Saavedra D. Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:855-60. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species derived from abdominal fat and uncontrolled glucose metabolism are contributing factors to both oxidative stress and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of daily administration of an oral glycine supplement on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in MetS patients. The study included 60 volunteers: 30 individuals that were supplemented with glycine (15 g/day) and 30 that were given a placebo for 3 months. We analysed thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma; the enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes; and the expression of CAT, GPX, and SOD2 in leukocytes. Individuals treated with glycine showed a 25% decrease in TBARS compared with the placebo-treated group. Furthermore, there was a 20% reduction in SOD-specific activity in the glycine-treated group, which correlated with SOD2 expression. G6PD activity and SNO-Hb levels increased in the glycine-treated male group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a significant decrease in the glycine-treated men (p = 0.043). Glycine plays an important role in balancing the redox reactions in the human body, thus protecting against oxidative damage in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Genoveva Duran-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Catarina Munguia-Miranda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Hilda Loza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Evelyn Pulido-Casas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Olga Gaja-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
| | - Jesus Kumate
- Fundacion IMSS, Paseo de la Reforma 476, Mezanine poniente, C.P. 06600, D.F. México
| | - Luis Arturo Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio en Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfofisiologia FES-IZTACALA, UNAM, D.F. México
| | - Daniel Hernández-Saavedra
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, D.F. México
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Mauriz JL, Collado PS, Veneroso C, Reiter RJ, González-Gallego J. A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin's anti-inflammatory actions: recent insights and new perspectives. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:1-14. [PMID: 22725668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly evolutionary conserved endogenous molecule that is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but also by other nonendocrine organs, of most mammals including man. In the recent years, a variety of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been observed when melatonin is applied exogenously under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. A number of studies suggest that this indole may exert its anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of different molecular pathways. It has been documented that melatonin inhibits the expression of the isoforms of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase and limits the production of excessive amounts of nitric oxide, prostanoids, and leukotrienes, as well as other mediators of the inflammatory process such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Melatonin's anti-inflammatory effects are related to the modulation of a number of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and others. Melatonin's effects on the DNA-binding capacity of transcription factors may be regulated through the inhibition of protein kinases involved in signal transduction, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases. This review summarizes recent research data focusing on the modulation of the expression of different inflammatory mediators by melatonin and the effects on cell signaling pathways responsible for the indole's anti-inflammatory activity. Although there are a numerous published reports that have analyzed melatonin's anti-inflammatory properties, further studies are necessary to elucidate its complex regulatory mechanisms in different cellular types and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Mauriz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Chen CY, Wang BT, Wu ZC, Yu WT, Lin PJ, Tsai WL, Shiesh SC. Glycine ameliorates liver injury and vitamin D deficiency induced by bile duct ligation. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 420:150-4. [PMID: 23103539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic liver disease had lower serum concentrations 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Glycine, a nonessential amino acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to establish a tandem mass spectrometry assay to measure 25OHD in guinea pigs serum and to investigate the effects of glycine against the liver damage induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). METHODS BDL was performed on male guinea pigs. Glycine, alanine, serine or tyrosine was given by intraperitoneal injection. The animals were sacrificed and examined at 7 and 14 days after BDL. Serum concentrations of total bilirubin and aminotransferase were measured. Serum concentrations of 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 were measured by API 5000 mass spectrometer. In addition, oxidative stress was assessed by serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and apoptosis by hepatic caspase 3 activities. RESULTS Serum 25OHD concentrations were decreased around 50% in the BDL group at days 7 and 14 post ligation, compared to sham (mean 65.3 ng/ml, p<0.005). Glycine but not other amino acid treatment blunted the reduced serum 25OHD (52.6 ng/ml, p<0.05) resulting from BDL. The concentrations of 25OHD were negatively associated with concentrations of IMA (r=-0.305, p<0.05) and caspase 3 (r=-0.562, p<0.0001). At day-14 post ligation, glycine treatment also ameliorated liver damage indicated by serum AST (p<0.005), ALT (p<0.05) and hepatic caspase 3 activities (p<0.05) and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that glycine may protect against BDL-induced liver injury through attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and the vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Abstract
Multiple organ failure is a common outcome of hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation, and the kidney is one of the prime target organs involved. The main objective of the study was to evaluate whether crocetin, a natural product from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has beneficial effects on renal dysfunction caused by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Anesthetized rats were bled to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to 35 (SD, 5) mmHg for 60 min and then were resuscitated with their withdrawn shed blood and normal saline. Crocetin was administered via the duodenum at a dose of 50 mg/kg 40 min after hemorrhage. The increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was significantly reduced at 2 h after hemorrhage and resuscitation in crocetin-treated rats. The increases in renal nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 were also attenuated by crocetin. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in a significant elevation in malondialdehyde production and was accompanied by a reduction in total superoxide dismutase activity, activation of nuclear factor κB, and overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. These changes were significantly attenuated by crocetin at 2 h after resuscitation. These results suggested that crocetin blocks inflammatory cascades by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species and restoring superoxide dismutase activity to ameliorate renal dysfunction caused by hemorrhage shock and resuscitation.
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Petrat F, Boengler K, Schulz R, de Groot H. Glycine, a simple physiological compound protecting by yet puzzling mechanism(s) against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: current knowledge. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2059-72. [PMID: 22044190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia is amongst the leading causes of death. Despite this importance, there are only a few therapeutic approaches to protect from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In experimental studies, the amino acid glycine effectively protected from IRI. In the prevention of IRI by glycine in cells and isolated perfused or cold-stored organs (tissues), direct cytoprotection plays a crucial role, most likely by prevention of the formation of pathological plasma membrane pores. Under in vivo conditions, the mechanism of protection by glycine is less clear, partly due to the physiological presence of the amino acid. Here, inhibition of the inflammatory response in the injured tissue is considered to contribute decisively to the glycine-induced reduction of IRI. However, attenuation of IRI recently achieved in experimental animals by low-dose glycine treatment regimens suggests additional/other (unknown) protective mechanisms. Despite the convincing experimental evidence and the large therapeutic width of glycine, there are only a few clinical trials on the protection from IRI by glycine with ambivalent results. Thus, both the mechanism(s) behind the protection of glycine against IRI in vivo and its true clinical potential remain to be addressed in future experimental studies/clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petrat
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Helmy MM. Potential hepato-protective effect of α-tocopherol or simvastatin in aged rats. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:698-705. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Effect of glycine on lead mobilization, lead-induced oxidative stress, and hepatic toxicity in rats. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:430539. [PMID: 21811501 PMCID: PMC3147004 DOI: 10.1155/2011/430539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of glycine in treating experimental lead intoxication
was examined in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 3 g/L
lead acetate in drinking water for 5 weeks and treated thereafter with
glycine (100 and 500 mg/kg, orally) once daily for
5 days or glycine (1000 mg/kg, orally) once daily for
28 days. The effect of these treatments on parameters
indicative of oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde
levels), the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and lead concentration in
blood, liver, kidney, brain, and bone were investigated. Liver samples
were observed for histopathological changes. Glycine was found to be
effective in (1) increasing glutathione levels; (2) reducing
malondialdehyde levels; (3) decreasing lead levels in bone with the
highest dose. However, glycine had no effect on lead mobilization when
100 and 500 mg/kg glycine were administered. In
microscopic examination, glycine showed a protective effect against
lead intoxication.
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Stoffels B, Türler A, Schmidt J, Nazir A, Tsukamoto T, Moore BA, Schnurr C, Kalff JC, Bauer AJ. Anti-inflammatory role of glycine in reducing rodent postoperative inflammatory ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:76-87, e8. [PMID: 20939853 PMCID: PMC2999652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory events within the intestinal muscularis, including macrophage activation and leukocyte recruitment, have been demonstrated to participate in causing postoperative ileus. Recently, glycine has gained attention due to its beneficial immunomodulatory effects in transplantation, shock and sepsis. METHODS Muscularis glycine receptors were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by in vivo transit distribution histograms with calculated geometric center analysis and jejunal circular smooth muscle contractility in a standard organ bath. The impact of glycine on the muscularis inflammatory responses to surgical manipulation of the intestine were measured by real-time PCR, nitric oxide Griess reaction, prostaglandin ELISA, Luminex and histochemistry. KEY RESULTS Glycine-gated chloride channels were immunohistochemically localized to muscularis macrophages and postoperative infiltrating leukocytes. Preoperative glycine treatment significantly improved postoperative gastrointestinal transit and jejunal circular muscle contractility. Preoperative glycine injection significantly reduced the induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNAs, which was associated with the attenuation in postoperative leukocyte recruitment. Nitric oxide and prostanoid release from the postsurgical inflamed muscularis was diminished by glycine. The secretion of the inflammatory proteins IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/chemokine ligand 3 were also significantly decreased by glycine pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The data indicate that preoperative glycine reduces postoperative ileus via the early attenuation of primal inflammatory events within the surgically manipulated gut wall. Therapeutic modulation of resident macrophages by glycine is a potential novel pharmacological target for the prevention of postoperative ileus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Stoffels
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
,Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Türler
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
,Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
,Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Asad Nazir
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Takeshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beverley A. Moore
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christoph Schnurr
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
,Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg C. Kalff
- Department of Surgery, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Anthony J. Bauer
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Tuñón MJ, San Miguel B, Crespo I, Jorquera F, Santamaría E, Alvarez M, Prieto J, González-Gallego J. Melatonin attenuates apoptotic liver damage in fulminant hepatic failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:38-45. [PMID: 20964705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the development of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The objective of this study was to investigate the antiapoptotic effect of melatonin in an animal model of FHF of viral origin induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2 × 10(4) hemagglutination units of a RHDV isolate and received melatonin at two concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/kg at 0, 12, and 24 hr postinfection. RHDV infection induced liver apoptosis, with increased caspase-3 immunoexpression and activity and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) proteolysis. These effects were attenuated by melatonin in a concentration-dependent manner. Antiapoptotic effects of melatonin were related to a reduced expression of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c release, increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and inhibition of caspase-9 activity. Increased thiobarbituric reactive acid substances concentration and oxidized-to-reduced glutathione ratio were significantly prevented by melatonin administration. Melatonin treatment also resulted in a reduction in caspase-8 activity, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) expression, and phosphorylated Janus kinase (JNK) expression, and increased expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Our findings show that inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms contributes to the beneficial effects of melatonin in rabbits with experimental infection by RHDV and supports a potential hepatoprotective role of melatonin in FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
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Crespo I, Miguel BS, Laliena A, Alvarez M, Culebras JM, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin prevents the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and activates nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure of viral origin. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:193-200. [PMID: 20609075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work was undertaken to investigate whether treatment with melatonin prevents oxidative stress and changes in the expression and activity of factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant enzymes in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure of viral origin. Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2 x 10(4) hemagglutination units of a rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) isolate and received melatonin at two concentrations of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg at 0, 12 and 24 hr postinfection. Blood transaminases, blood lactate dehydrogenase, liver concentration of thiobarbituric reactive acid substances and the liver oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio significantly increased at 36 hr postinfection in infected animals. Significant decreases were found in the mRNA levels and in the liver activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in infected rabbits. These effects were prevented by melatonin administration in a concentration-dependent manner. Melatonin treatment was not accompanied by changes in protein levels of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) but resulted in an increased protein expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, which was confirmed by the results of Nrf2 immunostaining. Nuclear extracts from livers of melatonin-treated rats displayed an enhanced antioxidant responsive element (ARE)-binding activity of Nrf2. Our results suggest a potential hepatoprotective role of melatonin in fulminant hepatic failure, partially mediated through the abrogation of oxidative stress and the prevention of the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Lehnert M, Lind H, Zhong Z, Schoonhoven R, Marzi I, Lemasters JJ. Polyphenols of Camellia sinenesis decrease mortality, hepatic injury and generation of cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after hemorrhage/resuscitation in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2010; 10:46. [PMID: 20735845 PMCID: PMC2936410 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R), which may contribute to multiple organ failure. The Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that green tea (Camellia sinenesis) extract containing 85% polyphenols decreases injury after H/R in rats by scavenging ROS and RNS. Methods Female Sprague Dawley rats were given 100 mg polyphenol extract/kg body weight or vehicle 2 h prior to hemorrhagic shock. H/R was induced by two protocols: 1) withdrawal of blood to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg followed by further withdrawals to decrease blood pressure progressively to 28 mm Hg over 1 h (severe), and 2) withdrawal of blood to a sustained hypotension of 40 mm Hg for 1 h (moderate). Rats were then resuscitated over 1 h with 60% of the shed blood volume plus twice the shed blood volume of lactated Ringer's solution. Serum samples were collected at 10 min and 2 h after resuscitation. At 2 or 18 h, livers were harvested for cytokine and 3-nitrotyrosine quantification, immunohistochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Results After severe H/R, 18-h survival increased from 20% after vehicle to 70% after polyphenols (p < 0.05). After moderate H/R, survival was greater (80%) and not different between vehicle and polyphenols. In moderate H/R, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased at 10 min and 2 h postresuscitation to 345 and 545 IU/L, respectively. Polyphenol treatment blunted this increase to 153 and 252 IU/L at 10 min and 2 h (p < 0.01). Polyphenols also blunted increases in liver homogenates of TNFα (7.0 pg/mg with vehicle vs. 4.9 pg/mg with polyphenols, p < 0.05), IL-1β (0.80 vs. 0.37 pg/mg, p < 0.05), IL-6 (6.9 vs. 5.1 pg/mg, p < 0.05) and nitrotyrosine (1.9 pg/mg vs. 0.6 pg/mg, p < 0.05) measured 18 h after H/R. Hepatic 4-HNE immunostaining indicative of lipid peroxidation also decreased from 4.8% after vehicle to 1.5% after polyphenols (p < 0.05). By contrast, polyphenols did not block increased iNOS expression at 2 h after H/R. Conclusion Polyphenols decrease ROS/RNS formation and are beneficial after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.
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EFFECT OF CROCETIN ON BLOOD PRESSURE RESTORATION AND SYNTHESIS OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN HEART AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN ANESTHETIZED RATS. Shock 2010; 33:83-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a98f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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García-Lastra R, San-Miguel B, Crespo I, Jorquera F, Alvarez M, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Signaling pathways involved in liver injury and regeneration in rabbit hemorrhagic disease, an animal model of virally-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Vet Res 2009; 41:2. [PMID: 19726019 PMCID: PMC2756571 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) continues to be one challenging problem, and experimental animal models resembling its clinical conditions are still needed. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) fullfils many requirements of an animal model of FHF. This work investigated changes in MAPK, NF-kappaB, AP-1 and STAT pathways during RHD-induced liver injury. Rabbits were infected with 2 x 10(4) hemagglutination units of an RHD virus isolate. Apoptosis was documented by the presence of caspase-3 activity and substantial PARP proteolysis at 36 and 48 h postinfection (pi). Infection induced a marked and maintained expression of TNF-alpha from 12 h pi, while there was only a transitory increase in IL-6 expression. Expression of phosphorylated (p)-JNK, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly elevated at 12 h pi. At 48 h pi p-JNK expression was maintained at a maximum level, while that of p-p38 returned to normality and there was no p-ERK1/2 expression. Activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and increased expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2 were observed. No significant changes were detected in activation of STAT1 and STAT3, while SOCS3 expression increased significantly. The current findings suggest that activation of JNK is an essential component in liver injury mediated by the RHD virus and that lack of activation of STAT3, probably mediated by SOCS3 over-expression, would contribute to the inhibition of the regenerative response. Data show the presence of molecular mechanisms contributing to liver damage and the lack of regeneration and they support the usefulness of this model to investigate novel therapeutical modalities in FHF.
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den Eynden JV, Ali SS, Horwood N, Carmans S, Brône B, Hellings N, Steels P, Harvey RJ, Rigo JM. Glycine and glycine receptor signalling in non-neuronal cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2009; 2:9. [PMID: 19738917 PMCID: PMC2737430 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.02.009.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter acting mainly in the caudal part of the central nervous system. Besides this neurotransmitter function, glycine has cytoprotective and modulatory effects in different non-neuronal cell types. Modulatory effects were mainly described in immune cells, endothelial cells and macroglial cells, where glycine modulates proliferation, differentiation, migration and cytokine production. Activation of glycine receptors (GlyRs) causes membrane potential changes that in turn modulate calcium flux and downstream effects in these cells. Cytoprotective effects were mainly described in renal cells, hepatocytes and endothelial cells, where glycine protects cells from ischemic cell death. In these cell types, glycine has been suggested to stabilize porous defects that develop in the plasma membranes of ischemic cells, leading to leakage of macromolecules and subsequent cell death. Although there is some evidence linking these effects to the activation of GlyRs, they seem to operate in an entirely different mode from classical neuronal subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sheen Saheb Ali
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nikki Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross CampusLondon, UK
| | - Sofie Carmans
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bert Brône
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul Steels
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Hasselt University and transnationale Universiteit LimburgDiepenbeek, Belgium
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Gundersen Y, Vaagenes P, Os Ø, Pillgram-Larsen J, Sundnes KO, Opstad PK. Capacity of glycine to modulate early inflammatory disturbances after serious gunshot injuries in the pig. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 67:143-53. [PMID: 17365994 DOI: 10.1080/00365510600995226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perturbation of immune homeostasis is an important determinant for organ dysfunction following multiple injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of glycine to influence the immediate post-traumatic inflammatory environment and altered reactivity of circulating leucocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty pigs were subjected to two standardized gunshots to the abdomen and thigh. Treatment was started immediately. The animals were randomized to receive either glycine 180 mg/kg i.v. over 30 min (n=10) or normal saline (n=10). Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 75 min after injury. In a follow-up study 12 pigs were exposed to an identical trauma. Blood was drawn at the same time-points and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS plus glycine for 2 h in an ex vivo whole blood model. RESULTS Selected physiologic variables and organ injury did not differ between groups 75 min after trauma. Reactive oxygen species decreased to 82.7+/-5.5 % of baseline (p<0.05) in the glycine group (unaltered in the controls). Liver glutathione concentrations decreased in parallel in both groups. In vivo production of TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta increased to the same extent regardless of treatment. Trauma induced a strong LPS tolerance. In whole blood challenged with LPS, glycine inhibited cytokine synthesis, but only in samples drawn at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Post-traumatic infusion of glycine only modestly influenced the early post-traumatic inflammatory environment. Our ex vivo results confirm previous reports on the anti-inflammatory potential of glycine, but restricted to pre-trauma conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gundersen
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Division of Protection, Kjeller, Norway.
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Dietary supplementation of glycine modulates inflammatory response indicators in broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2008; 100:1019-28. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508966125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary glycine (Gly) supplementation on inflammatory responses in broiler chicks fed a basal diet using maize and soyabean meal as the primary ingredients. Inflammation-related processes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection were examined by analysing plasma concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) and ceruloplasmin (Cer) in experiments 1 and 2, or expression of several genes in the spleen and liver including IL-1β and -6, TNF-like ligand (TL)1A, inducible NO synthase, interferon (IFN)-γ and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 were examined in experiment 3. Growth performance was also determined following immunological stimulation by both LPS and Sephadex injection in experiment 2. In experiment 1, birds fed a diet supplemented with Gly at 10 or 20 g/kg showed lower responses in plasma NOx and Cer than birds fed the diet supplemented with Gly at 0 or 40 g/kg. In experiment 2, a similar effect of Gly supplementation at 10 g/kg on plasma NOx and Cer was observed when chicks were fed either an isonitrogenous diet with Gly or glutamic acid (Glu). Gly-supplemented diet-fed birds showed better growth performance than Glu-supplemented diet-fed birds. The splenic expression of inflammatory response-related genes in birds fed a diet supplemented with Gly at 10 g/kg diet was lower than that of birds fed the basal diet in experiment 3. These results suggest that dietary Gly supplementation modulates the inflammatory response partly through changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ and TL1A.
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Kretzmann NA, Fillmann H, Mauriz JL, Marroni CA, Marroni N, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B and signal transducers and activators of transcription in TNBS-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1504-13. [PMID: 18623154 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of glutamine on proinflammatory gene expression and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in a rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route daily for 7 days. RESULTS Glutamine significantly reduced gross damage and histopathological scores and prevented the decrease of anal pressure and the elevated myeloperoxidase activity observed in the colon of animals receiving TNBS. TNBS administration induced a marked increase of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels. These inflammatory events were associated with increased protein level of NF-kappaB p50 and p65 subunits in the nucleus and significant phosphorylation/degradation of the inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Protein levels of the phosphorylated forms of STAT1, STAT5, and Akt were elevated in animals with colonic damage. All these effects were inhibited by administration of glutamine. Increases in the cytosolic concentration of TBARS and hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence, markers of oxidative stress, and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) were significantly inhibited at 48 hours of TNBS instillation in glutamine-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the expression of proinflammatory mediators that are regulated by the NF-kappaB and STAT signaling pathways contribute to the therapeutical effect of glutamine in the TNBS model of experimental colitis. These effects may be brought about by inhibition of oxidative stress and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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