1
|
Azargoonjahromi A. The duality of amyloid-β: its role in normal and Alzheimer's disease states. Mol Brain 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 39020435 PMCID: PMC11256416 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that gradually impairs cognitive abilities, disrupts memory retention, and impedes daily functioning by impacting the cells of the brain. A key characteristic of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, which play pivotal roles in disease progression. These plaques initiate a cascade of events including neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, tau pathology, oxidative stress, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disrupted calcium homeostasis. Aβ accumulation is also closely associated with other hallmark features of AD, underscoring its significance. Aβ is generated through cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and plays a dual role depending on its processing pathway. The non-amyloidogenic pathway reduces Aβ production and has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the amyloidogenic pathway leads to the production of Aβ peptides, including Aβ40 and Aβ42, which contribute to neurodegeneration and toxic effects in AD. Understanding the multifaceted role of Aβ, particularly in AD, is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies that target Aβ metabolism, aggregation, and clearance with the aim of mitigating the detrimental consequences of the disease. This review aims to explore the mechanisms and functions of Aβ under normal and abnormal conditions, particularly in AD, by examining both its beneficial and detrimental effects.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Hou Y, Song Q, Cao M, Zhang J, Wang X, Liu C, Wang P, Wang Y. Myeloid ectopic viral integration site 2 accelerates the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2024:e14260. [PMID: 38994634 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are caused by an imbalance between the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways of amyloid precursor protein (APP). BACE1 cleavage of APP is the rate-limiting step for amyloid-β production and plaque formation in AD. Although the alteration of BACE1 expression in AD has been investigated, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we determined MEIS2 was notably elevated in AD models and AD patients. Alterations in the expression of MEIS2 can modulate the levels of BACE1. MEIS2 downregulation improved the learning and memory retention of AD mice and decreased the number of amyloid plaques. MEIS2 binds to the BACE1 promoter, positively regulates BACE1 expression, and accelerates APP amyloid degradation in vitro. Therefore, our findings suggest that MEIS2 might be a critical transcription factor in AD, since it regulates BACE1 expression and accelerates BACE1-mediated APP amyloidogenic cleavage. MEIS2 is a promising early intervention target for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Huairou Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iram F, Shahid M, Ansari J, Ashraf GM, Hassan MI, Islam A. Navigating the Maze of Alzheimer's disease by exploring BACE1: Discovery, current scenario, and future prospects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102342. [PMID: 38762102 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological condition that has become a leading cause of cognitive decline in elder individuals. Hardly any effective medication has been developed to halt the progression of AD due to the disease's complexity. Several theories have been put forward to clarify the mechanisms underlying AD etiology. The identification of amyloid plaques as a hallmark of AD has sparked the development of numerous drugs targeting the players involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as the β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) blockers. Over the last ten years, preclinical and early experimental research has led several pharmaceutical companies to prioritize producing BACE1 inhibitors. Despite all these efforts, earlier discovered inhibitors were discontinued in consideration of another second-generation small molecules and recent BACE1 antagonists failed in the final stages of clinical trials because of the complications associated either with toxicity or effectiveness. In addition to discussing the difficulties associated with development of BACE1 inhibitors, this review aims to provide an overview of BACE1 and offer perspectives on the causes behind the failure of five recent BACE1 inhibitors, that would be beneficial for choosing effective treatment approaches in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Iram
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chartampila E, Elayouby KS, Leary P, LaFrancois JJ, Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Jain S, Gerencer K, Botterill JJ, Ginsberg SD, Scharfman HE. Choline supplementation in early life improves and low levels of choline can impair outcomes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.12.540428. [PMID: 37214805 PMCID: PMC10197642 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) improves cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, effects of MCS on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD are unknown. We investigated effects of MCS in a well-established mouse model of AD with hyperexcitability, the Tg2576 mouse. The most common type of hyperexcitability in Tg2576 mice are generalized EEG spikes (interictal spikes; IIS). IIS also are common in other mouse models and occur in AD patients. Im mouse models, hyperexcitability is also reflected by elevated expression of the transcription factor ΔFosB in the granule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG), which are the principal cell type. Therefore we studied ΔFosB expression in GCs. We also studied the the neuronal marker NeuN within hilar neurons of the DG because other studies have reduced NeuN protein expression is a sign of oxidative stress or other pathology. This is potentially important because hilar neurons regulate GC excitability. Tg2576 breeding pairs received a diet with a relatively low, intermediate or high concentration of choline. After weaning, all mice received the intermediate diet. In offspring of mice fed the high choline diet, IIS frequency declined, GC ΔFosB expression was reduced, and NeuN expression was restored. Using the novel object location task, spatial memory improved. In contrast, offspring exposed to the relatively low choline diet had several adverse effects, such as increased mortality. They had the weakest hilar NeuN immunoreactivity and greatest GC ΔFosB protein expression. However, their IIS frequency was low, which was surprising. The results provide new evidence that a diet high in choline in early life can improve outcomes in a mouse model of AD, and relatively low choline can have mixed effects. This is the first study showing that dietary choline can regulate hyperexcitability, hilar neurons, ΔFosB and spatial memory in an animal model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Chartampila
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Current address:Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27510
| | - Karim S. Elayouby
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Current address: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Paige Leary
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 100016
| | - John J. LaFrancois
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - David Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Swati Jain
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
| | - Kasey Gerencer
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Current address: Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Justin J. Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Current address: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 100016
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York, NY 10016
- NYU Neuroscience Institute,, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 100016
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York, NY 10016
- NYU Neuroscience Institute,, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tarif AMM, Huhe H, Ohno M. Combination strategy employing BACE1 inhibitor and memantine to boost cognitive benefits in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:975-986. [PMID: 38197930 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The β-secretase BACE1 initiates amyloid-β (Aβ) generation and represents a long-standing prime therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, BACE1 inhibitors tested to date in clinical trials have yielded no beneficial outcomes. In fact, prior BACE1 inhibitor trials targeted at ~ 50-90% Aβ reductions in symptomatic or prodromal AD stages have ended in the discontinuation due to futility and/or side effects, including cognitive worsening rather than expected improvement at the highest dose. OBJECTIVES We tested whether a combination strategy with the selective BACE1 inhibitor GRL-8234 and the FDA-approved symptomatic drug memantine may provide synergistic cognitive benefits within their safe dose range. METHODS The drug effects were evaluated in the advanced symptomatic stage of 5XFAD mice that developed extensive cerebral Aβ deposition. RESULTS Chronic combination treatment with 33.4-mg/kg GRL-8234 and 10-mg/kg memantine, but not either drug alone, rescued cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice at 12 months of age (the endpoint after 60-day drug treatment), as assessed by the contextual fear conditioning, spontaneous alternation Y-maze and nest building tasks. Intact baseline performances of wild-type control mice on three cognitive paradigms demonstrated that combination treatment did not augment potential cognitive side effects of individual drugs. Biochemical and immunohistochemical examination showed that combination treatment did not synergistically reduce the β-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein or Aβ levels in 5XFAD mouse brains. CONCLUSIONS A combination strategy with BACE1 inhibitors and memantine may be able to increase the effectiveness of individual drugs within their safe dose range in AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Md Mamun Tarif
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Hasi Huhe
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Masuo Ohno
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee Y, Ju Y, Gee MS, Jeon SH, Kim N, Koo T, Lee JK. Survivin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14509. [PMID: 37904343 PMCID: PMC11017468 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cognitive impairment is associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the causes of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis remain highly controversial. Here, we investigated the role of survivin in the modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in AD. METHODS To investigate the effect of survivin on neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs), we treated mouse embryonic NSCs with a survivin inhibitor (YM155) and adeno-associated viral survivin (AAV-Survivin). To explore the potential role of survivin expression in AD, AAV9-Survivin or AAV9-GFP were injected into the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus of 7-month-old wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Cognitive function was measured by the Y maze and Morris water maze. Neurogenesis was investigated by BrdU staining, immature, and mature neuron markers. RESULTS Our results indicate that suppression of survivin expression resulted in decreased neurogenesis. Conversely, overexpression of survivin using AAV-Survivin restored neurogenesis in NSCs that had been suppressed by YM155 treatment. Furthermore, the expression level of survivin decreased in the 9-month-old 5XFAD compared with that in wild-type mice. AAV-Survivin-mediated overexpression of survivin in the DG in 5XFAD mice enhanced neurogenesis and cognitive function. CONCLUSION Hippocampal neurogenesis can be enhanced by survivin overexpression, suggesting that survivin could serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongae Lee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yeon‐Joo Ju
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Min Sung Gee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Namkwon Kim
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Taeyoung Koo
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tchekalarova J, Ivanova P, Krushovlieva D, Kortenska L, Angelova VT. Protective Effect of the Novel Melatonin Analogue Containing Donepezil Fragment on Memory Impairment via MT/ERK/CREB Signaling in the Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Pinealectomy and Subsequent Aβ 1-42 Infusion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1867. [PMID: 38339146 PMCID: PMC10855364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A reduction in melatonin function contributes to the acceleration of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and understanding the molecular processes of melatonin-related signaling is critical for intervention in AD progression. Recently, we synthesized a series of melatonin analogues with donepezil fragments and tested them in silico and in vitro. In this study, one of the most potent compounds, 3c, was evaluated in a rat model of pinealectomy (pin) followed by icvAβ1-42 infusion. Melatonin was used as the reference drug. Treatment with melatonin and 3c (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) had a beneficial effect on memory decline and the concomitant increase in hippocampal Aβ1-42 and pTAU in the pin+icvAβ1-42 rats. Melatonin supplementation facilitated non-amyloidogenic signaling via non-receptor (histone deacetylase sirtuin 1, SIRT1) and receptor-related signaling (MT/ERK/CREB). The hybrid 3c analogue up-regulated the MT1A and MT2B receptors, pERK and pCREB. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that melatonin-related analogues may become a promising drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Petya Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Desislava Krushovlieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Lidia Kortenska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.I.); (D.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Violina T. Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Murphy MP, Buzinova VA, Johnson CE. The amyloid-β peptide: Guilty as charged? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166945. [PMID: 37935338 PMCID: PMC10842071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen both considerable progress and controversy in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. After decades of slow to negligible movement towards the development of disease modifying therapies, promising outcomes in recent clinical trials with several monoclonal antibodies targeting various forms of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide have at last opened a possible way forward. In fact, at this point multiple anti-Aβ therapeutics are close to receiving (or have already received) regulatory approval. Although these outcomes are not without some degree of divisiveness, the fact remains that targeting amyloid for removal has finally shown at least modest efficacy in slowing the otherwise relentless progression of the disease. Although the validation of the long standing amyloid cascade hypothesis would seem to be at hand, what remains is the puzzling issue of why - if Aβ indeed causes AD - does removing it from the brain not stop the disease entirely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Paul Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Valeria A Buzinova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Carrie E Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and the Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ohno M. A Strategy for Allowing Earlier Diagnosis and Rigorous Evaluation of BACE1 Inhibitors in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:431-445. [PMID: 38701146 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Given continued failure of BACE1 inhibitor programs at symptomatic and prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), clinical trials need to target the earlier preclinical stage. However, trial design is complex in this population with negative diagnosis of classical hippocampal amnesia on standard memory tests. Besides recent advances in brain imaging, electroencephalogram, and fluid-based biomarkers, new cognitive markers should be established for earlier diagnosis that can optimize recruitment to BACE1 inhibitor trials in presymptomatic AD. Notably, accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is emerging as a sensitive cognitive measure that can discriminate between asymptomatic individuals with high risks for developing AD and healthy controls. ALF is a form of declarative memory impairment characterized by increased forgetting rates over longer delays (days to months) despite normal storage within the standard delays of testing (20-60 min). Therefore, ALF may represent a harbinger of preclinical dementia and the impairment of systems memory consolidation, during which memory traces temporarily stored in the hippocampus become gradually integrated into cortical networks. This review provides an overview of the utility of ALF in a rational design of next-generation BACE1 inhibitor trials in preclinical AD. I explore potential mechanisms underlying ALF and relevant early-stage biomarkers useful for BACE1 inhibitor evaluation, including synaptic protein alterations, astrocytic dysregulation and neuron hyperactivity in the hippocampal-cortical network. Furthermore, given the physiological role of the isoform BACE2 as an AD-suppressor gene, I also discuss the possible association between the poor selectivity of BACE1 inhibitors and their side effects (e.g., cognitive worsening) in prior clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Ohno
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi L, Luo M, Wang M, Dong Z, Du Y. Fangchinoline alleviates cognitive impairments through enhancing autophagy and mitigating oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1288506. [PMID: 38146492 PMCID: PMC10749363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1288506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and subsequent oxidative stress, resulting in a cascade of cytotoxic effects. Fangchinoline (Fan), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from traditional Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra S. Moorec, has been reported to possess multiple potent biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the potential neuroprotective efficacy of Fan against AD remains unknown. Methods: N2AAPP cells, the mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells stably transfected with human Swedish mutant APP695, were served as an in vitro AD model. A mouse model of AD was constructed by microinjection of Aβ1-42 peptides into lateral ventricle of WT mice. The neuroprotective effects of Fan on AD were investigated through a combination of Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation and behavioral assessments. Results and discussion: It was found that Fan effectively attenuated the amyloidogenic processing of APP by augmenting autophagy and subsequently fostering lysosomal degradation of BACE1 in N2AAPP cells, as reflected by the decrease in P62 levels, concomitant with the increase in Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels. More importantly, Fan significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment in an Aβ1-42-induced mouse model of AD via the induction of autophagy and the inhibition of oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and a decrease in pro-oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), coupled with a reduction in apoptosis marker, cleaved caspase-3. Taken together, our study demonstrate that Fan ameliorates cognitive dysfunction through promoting autophagy and mitigating oxidative stress, making it a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoju Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yehong Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bérard M, Martínez-Drudis L, Sheta R, El-Agnaf OMA, Oueslati A. Non-invasive systemic viral delivery of human alpha-synuclein mimics selective and progressive neuropathology of Parkinson's disease in rodent brains. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:91. [PMID: 38012703 PMCID: PMC10683293 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation into proteinaceous intraneuronal inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs), is the neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. However, the exact role of α-syn inclusions in PD pathogenesis remains elusive. This lack of knowledge is mainly due to the absence of optimal α-syn-based animal models that recapitulate the different stages of neurodegeneration. METHODS Here we describe a novel approach for a systemic delivery of viral particles carrying human α-syn allowing for a large-scale overexpression of this protein in the mouse brain. This approach is based on the use of a new generation of adeno-associated virus (AAV), AAV-PHP.eB, with an increased capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, thus offering a viable tool for a non-invasive and large-scale gene delivery in the central nervous system. RESULTS Using this model, we report that widespread overexpression of human α-syn induced selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, an exacerbated neuroinflammatory response in the substantia nigra and a progressive manifestation of PD-like motor impairments. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed the presence of insoluble α-syn oligomers in the midbrain. Together, our data demonstrate that a single non-invasive systemic delivery of viral particles overexpressing α-syn prompted selective and progressive neuropathology resembling the early stages of PD. CONCLUSIONS Our new in vivo model represents a valuable tool to study the role of α-syn in PD pathogenesis and in the selective vulnerability of nigral DA neurons; and offers the opportunity to test new strategies targeting α-syn toxicity for the development of disease-modifying therapies for PD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Bérard
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Laura Martínez-Drudis
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Razan Sheta
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Abid Oueslati
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen L, Christenson Wick Z, Vetere LM, Vaughan N, Jurkowski A, Galas A, Diego KS, Philipsberg PA, Soler I, Feng Y, Cai DJ, Shuman T. Progressive Excitability Changes in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7441-7454. [PMID: 37714705 PMCID: PMC10621765 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1204-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairments. In mouse models of AD pathology, studies have found neuronal and synaptic deficits in hippocampus, but less is known about changes in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which is the primary spatial input to the hippocampus and an early site of AD pathology. Here, we measured neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity in MEC layer II (MECII) stellate cells, MECII pyramidal cells, and MEC layer III (MECIII) excitatory neurons at 3 and 10 months of age in the 3xTg mouse model of AD pathology, using male and female mice. At 3 months of age, before the onset of memory impairments, we found early hyperexcitability in intrinsic properties of MECII stellate and pyramidal cells, but this was balanced by a relative reduction in synaptic excitation (E) compared with inhibition (I; E/I ratio), suggesting intact homeostatic mechanisms regulating MECII activity. Conversely, MECIII neurons had reduced intrinsic excitability at this early time point with no change in synaptic E/I ratio. By 10 months of age, after the onset of memory deficits, neuronal excitability of MECII pyramidal cells and MECIII excitatory neurons was largely normalized in 3xTg mice. However, MECII stellate cells remained hyperexcitable, and this was further exacerbated by an increased synaptic E/I ratio. This observed combination of increased intrinsic and synaptic hyperexcitability suggests a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms specifically in MECII stellate cells at this postsymptomatic time point, which may contribute to the emergence of memory deficits in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT AD causes cognitive deficits, but the specific neural circuits that are damaged to drive changes in memory remain unknown. Using a mouse model of AD pathology that expresses both amyloid and tau transgenes, we found that neurons in the MEC have altered excitability. Before the onset of memory impairments, neurons in layer 2 of MEC had increased intrinsic excitability, but this was balanced by reduced inputs onto the cell. However, after the onset of memory impairments, stellate cells in MEC became further hyperexcitable, with increased excitability exacerbated by increased synaptic inputs. Thus, it appears that MEC stellate cells are uniquely disrupted during the progression of memory deficits and may contribute to cognitive deficits in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Chen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Zoé Christenson Wick
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Lauren M Vetere
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Nick Vaughan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Albert Jurkowski
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065
| | - Angelina Galas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- New York University, New York, New York 10012
| | - Keziah S Diego
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Paul A Philipsberg
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ivan Soler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Yu Feng
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Denise J Cai
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Tristan Shuman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Zhou R, Sun X, Li J, Wang J, Yue W, Wang L, Liu H, Shi Y, Zhang D. Preferential Regulation of Γ-Secretase-Mediated Cleavage of APP by Ganglioside GM1 Reveals a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303411. [PMID: 37759382 PMCID: PMC10646247 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the senile plaque, which contains β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). Ganglioside GM1 is the most common brain ganglioside. However, the mechanism of GM1 in modulating Aβ processing is rarely known. Aβ levels are detected by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) is used to determine the structure of γ-secretase supplemented with GM1. The levels of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Cadherin/Notch1 are detected using Western blot analysis. Y maze, object translocation, and Barnes maze are performed to evaluate cognitive functions. GM1 leads to conformational change of γ-secretase structure and specifically accelerates γ-secretase cleavage of APP without affecting other substrates including Notch1, potentially through its interaction with the N-terminal fragment of presenilin 1 (PS1). Reduction of GM1 levels decreases amyloid plaque deposition and improves cognitive dysfunction. This study reveals the mechanism of GM1 in Aβ generation and provides the evidence that decreasing GM1 levels represents a potential strategy in AD treatment. These results provide insights into the detailed mechanism of the effect of GM1 on PS1, representing a step toward the characterization of its novel role in the modulation of γ-secretase activity and the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiaqin Sun
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- PKU‐IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation CenterPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Science and BiomedicineHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310024China
- Institute of BiologyWestlake Institute for Advanced Study18 Shilongshan Road, Xihu DistrictHangzhouZhejiang310024China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Beijing100191China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lisgaras CP, Scharfman HE. Interictal spikes in Alzheimer's disease: Preclinical evidence for dominance of the dentate gyrus and cholinergic control by the medial septum. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106294. [PMID: 37714307 PMCID: PMC10617404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interictal spikes (IIS) are a common type of abnormal electrical activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and preclinical models. The brain regions where IIS are largest are not known but are important because such data would suggest sites that contribute to IIS generation. Because hippocampus and cortex exhibit altered excitability in AD models, we asked which areas dominate the activity during IIS along the cortical-CA1-dentate gyrus (DG) dorso-ventral axis. Because medial septal (MS) cholinergic neurons are overactive when IIS typically occur, we also tested the novel hypothesis that silencing the MS cholinergic neurons selectively would reduce IIS. We used mice that simulate aspects of AD: Tg2576 mice, presenilin 2 (PS2) knockout mice and Ts65Dn mice. To selectively silence MS cholinergic neurons, Tg2576 mice were bred with choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-Cre mice and offspring were injected in the MS with AAV encoding inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). We recorded local field potentials along the cortical-CA1-DG axis using silicon probes during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We detected IIS in all transgenic or knockout mice but not age-matched controls. IIS were detectable throughout the cortical-CA1-DG axis and occurred primarily during REM sleep. In all 3 mouse lines, IIS amplitudes were significantly greater in the DG granule cell layer vs. CA1 pyramidal layer or overlying cortex. Current source density analysis showed robust and early current sources in the DG, and additional sources in CA1 and the cortex also. Selective chemogenetic silencing of MS cholinergic neurons significantly reduced IIS rate during REM sleep without affecting the overall duration, number of REM bouts, latency to REM sleep, or theta power during REM. Notably, two control interventions showed no effects. Consistent maximal amplitude and strong current sources of IIS in the DG suggest that the DG is remarkably active during IIS. In addition, selectively reducing MS cholinergic tone, at times when MS is hyperactive, could be a new strategy to reduce IIS in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute New York University Langone Health, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York State Office of Mental Health, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States of America.
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology, and Psychiatry, and the Neuroscience Institute New York University Langone Health, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States of America; Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York State Office of Mental Health, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg. 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Orobets KS, Karamyshev AL. Amyloid Precursor Protein and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14794. [PMID: 37834241 PMCID: PMC10573485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with age or inherited mutations. It is characterized by severe dementia in the late stages that affect memory, cognitive functions, and daily life overall. AD progression is linked to the accumulation of cytotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein combined with other pathological features such as synaptic loss, defective energy metabolism, imbalances in protein, and metal homeostasis. Several treatment options for AD are under investigation, including antibody-based therapy and stem cell transplantation. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a membrane protein considered to play a main role in AD pathology. It is known that APP in physiological conditions follows a non-amyloidogenic pathway; however, it can proceed to an amyloidogenic scenario, which leads to the generation of extracellular deleterious Aβ plaques. Not all steps of APP biogenesis are clear so far, and these questions should be addressed in future studies. AD is a complex chronic disease with many factors that contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey L. Karamyshev
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sah S, Keable R, Pfundstein G, Clemens KJ, Begg D, Schachner M, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Deficiency in the neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) reduces axonal levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), affects axonal organization in the hippocampus, and leads to behavioral deficits. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10047-10065. [PMID: 37522285 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) regulates axonal organization in the central nervous system via mechanisms that have remained poorly understood. We now show that NCAM2 increases axonal levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a protease that regulates axonal guidance. In brains of NCAM2-deficient mice, BACE1 levels are reduced in hippocampal mossy fiber projections, and the infrapyramidal bundle of these projections is shortened. This abnormal axonal organization correlates with impaired short-term spatial memory and cognitive flexibility in NCAM2-deficient male and female mice. Self-grooming, rearing, digging and olfactory acuity are increased in NCAM2-deficient male mice, when compared with littermate wild-type mice of the same sex. NCAM2-deficient female mice also show increased self-grooming, but are reduced in rearing, and do not differ from female wild-type mice in olfactory acuity and digging behavior. Our results indicate that errors in axonal guidance and organization caused by impaired BACE1 function can underlie the manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism as found in humans with deletions of the NCAM2 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Sah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan Keable
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kelly J Clemens
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Denovan Begg
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, United States
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen L, Wick ZC, Vetere LM, Vaughan N, Jurkowski A, Galas A, Diego KS, Philipsberg P, Cai DJ, Shuman T. Progressive excitability changes in the medial entorhinal cortex in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542838. [PMID: 37398359 PMCID: PMC10312508 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairments. In mouse models of AD pathology, studies have found neuronal and synaptic deficits in the hippocampus, but less is known about what happens in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which is the primary spatial input to the hippocampus and an early site of AD pathology. Here, we measured the neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity in MEC layer II (MECII) stellate cells, MECII pyramidal cells, and MEC layer III (MECIII) excitatory neurons at early (3 months) and late (10 months) time points in the 3xTg mouse model of AD pathology. At 3 months of age, prior to the onset of memory impairments, we found early hyperexcitability in MECII stellate and pyramidal cells' intrinsic properties, but this was balanced by a relative reduction in synaptic excitation (E) compared to inhibition (I), suggesting intact homeostatic mechanisms regulating activity in MECII. Conversely, MECIII neurons had reduced intrinsic excitability at this early time point with no change in the synaptic E/I ratio. By 10 months of age, after the onset of memory deficits, neuronal excitability of MECII pyramidal cells and MECIII excitatory neurons was largely normalized in 3xTg mice. However, MECII stellate cells remained hyperexcitable and this was further exacerbated by an increased synaptic E/I ratio. This observed combination of increased intrinsically and synaptically generated excitability suggests a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms specifically in MECII stellate cells at this post-symptomatic time point. Together, these data suggest that the breakdown in homeostatic excitability mechanisms in MECII stellate cells may contribute to the emergence of memory deficits in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
- University of California Irvine, Irvine CA
| | | | | | - Nick Vaughan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
| | - Albert Jurkowski
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
- CUNY Hunter College, New York NY
| | - Angelina Galas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
- New York University, New York NY
| | | | | | - Denise J. Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kinno A, Kasamatsu S, Akaike T, Ihara H. Reactive Sulfur Species Omics Analysis in the Brain Tissue of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051105. [PMID: 37237971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as glutathione hydropersulfide (GSSH), is endogenously produced, functions as potent antioxidants, and regulate redox signaling through the formation of protein polysulfides. However, the relationship between RSS and AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed endogenous RSS production in the brain tissue of a familial AD model (5xFAD) mouse using multiple RSS-omics approaches. Memory impairment, increased amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation have been confirmed in 5xFAD mice. Quantitative RSS omics analysis revealed that the total polysulfide content was significantly decreased in the brains of 5xFAD mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the levels of glutathione, GSSH, or hydrogen sulfide between wild-type and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, a significant decline in the protein polysulfide status was observed in the brains of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that RSS production and subsequent redox signaling might be altered during the onset and progression of AD. Our findings have important implications for understanding the significance of RSS in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.
Collapse
Grants
- 19K06537 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K06148 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR2024 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- 2017G036 Smoking Research Foundation
- 2022-HI Fuji Foundation for Protein Research
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K19397 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H04674 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21256 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02082 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kinno
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar P, Singh A, Kumar A, Kumar R, Pal R, Sachan AK, Dixit RK, Nath R. Effect of Curcumin and Coenzyme Q10 Alone and in Combination on Learning and Memory in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051422. [PMID: 37239093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent neurodegenerative illness among senior people and the main cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. The present dementia medications available only help with the symptoms of cognitive deficits and have several negative effects. The current study's goal is to assess the effects of curcumin and coenzyme Q10, two herbal medicines, both separately and in combination, on learning and memory before comparing them to the industry standard drug. A total of 42 adult healthy Wistar rats were used in our study. In this experiment, rats were given daily doses of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight of scopolamine hydrobromide for 7 days to induce Alzheimer's disease. On the eighth day, behavioural testing was conducted. Following testing, scopolamine and the test medications were given daily for the following 21 days. On days 29 and 30, behavioural testing was conducted once more, and then animals were slaughtered. Brain homogenate was produced for the estimation of molecular and biochemical markers. Curcumin has demonstrated a dose-response relationship, with a higher dose (200 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) being more effective than a lower dose (100 mg/kg b.w. p.o.). Similar to the greater dose of curcumin, coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has also been found to improve memory and learning. Higher doses of curcumin and coenzyme Q10 had more pronounced and meaningful effects. Acetylcholinesterase and TNF levels increased in scopolamine-induced memory impairment, but these effects were restored by the test medications, and improved by the combined therapy. These outcomes are comparable to those of the common medication memantine. As a result, we may infer from our results that curcumin at higher doses and its combination with coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) have a significant impact on cognitive impairment in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and can be utilised alone or as an add-on therapy for the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Pal
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amod Kumar Sachan
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Nath
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perez SM, Boley AM, McCoy AM, Lodge DJ. Aberrant Dopamine System Function in the Ferrous Amyloid Buthionine (FAB) Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7196. [PMID: 37108357 PMCID: PMC10138591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics increase the risk of death in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, there is an immediate need for novel therapies to treat comorbid psychosis in AD. Psychosis has been attributed to a dysregulation of the dopamine system and is associated with aberrant regulation by the hippocampus. Given that the hippocampus is a key site of pathology in AD, we posit that aberrant regulation of the dopamine system may contribute to comorbid psychosis in AD. A ferrous amyloid buthionine (FAB) rodent model was used to model a sporadic form of AD. FAB rats displayed functional hippocampal alterations, which were accompanied by decreases in spontaneous, low-frequency oscillations and increases in the firing rates of putative pyramidal neurons. Additionally, FAB rats exhibited increases in dopamine neuron population activity and augmented responses to the locomotor-inducing effects of MK-801, as is consistent with rodent models of psychosis-like symptomatology. Further, working memory deficits in the Y-maze, consistent with an AD-like phenotype, were observed in FAB rats. These data suggest that the aberrant hippocampal activity observed in AD may contribute to dopamine-dependent psychosis, and that the FAB model may be useful for the investigation of comorbid psychosis related to AD. Understanding the pathophysiology that leads to comorbid psychosis in AD will ultimately lead to the discovery of novel targets for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Perez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.B.); (D.J.L.)
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Angela M. Boley
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.B.); (D.J.L.)
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alexandra M. McCoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.B.); (D.J.L.)
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel J. Lodge
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.M.B.); (D.J.L.)
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thakore P, Yamasaki E, Ali S, Solano AS, Labelle-Dumais C, Gao X, Chaumeil MM, Gould DB, Earley S. PI3K block restores age-dependent neurovascular coupling defects associated with cerebral small vessel disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.03.531032. [PMID: 36945616 PMCID: PMC10028793 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.03.531032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC), a vital physiological process that rapidly and precisely directs localized blood flow to the most active regions of the brain, is accomplished in part by the vast network of cerebral capillaries acting as a sensory web capable of detecting increases in neuronal activity and orchestrating the dilation of upstream parenchymal arterioles. Here, we report a Col4a1 mutant mouse model of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) with age-dependent defects in capillary-to-arteriole dilation, functional hyperemia in the brain, and memory. The fundamental defect in aged mutant animals was the depletion of the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) in brain capillary endothelial cells, leading to the loss of inwardly rectifier K + (Kir2.1) channel activity. Blocking phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that diminishes the bioavailability of PIP 2 by converting it to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP 3 ), restored Kir2.1 channel activity, capillary-to-arteriole dilation, and functional hyperemia. In longitudinal studies, chronic PI3K inhibition also improved the memory function of aged Col4a1 mutant mice. Our data suggest that PI3K inhibition is a viable therapeutic strategy for treating defective NVC and cognitive impairment associated with cSVD. One-sentence summary PI3K inhibition rescues neurovascular coupling defects in cerebral small vessel disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Vitek GE, Decourt B, Sabbagh MN. Lecanemab (BAN2401): an anti-beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:89-94. [PMID: 36749830 PMCID: PMC10275297 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly a dozen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against beta-amyloid (Aβ) have been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD), and most of these mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Newer mAbs have targeted more specific Aβ types. Lecanemab Eisai has a high affinity for large and soluble Aβ protofibrils. Data from phase 2 clinical trials have suggested the possibility of a robust efficacy signal and manageable risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs). Lecanemab is currently being studied in phase 3 trials. AREAS COVERED This article briefly reviews mAbs that target Aβ in AD and discusses the biology, mechanism of action, and targets of lecanemab. EXPERT OPINION mAbs that target Aβ are an important focus of therapeutic development for AD, with several soon to be considered for US Food and Drug Administration approval. The experience of aducanumab informs the development of other mAbs, such as lecanemab. One consideration is the conformation of Aβ targets. Targeting monomeric species has not resulted in robust clinical efficacy, whereas targeting Aβ in the form of oligomers, protofibrils, and plaques has shown evidence of slowing clinical decline. Another consideration is that mAbs will require safety monitoring for ARIAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Vitek
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Boris Decourt
- Laboratory on Neurodegeneration and Translational Research, Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dominko K, Rastija A, Smiljanic K, Mladenovic A, Lešnjaković L, Kanazir S, Milanovic D, Hecimovic S. Amyloid-ß plaque formation and BACE1 accumulation in the brains of a 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model is associated with altered distribution and not proteolysis of BACE1 substrates Sez6 and Sez6L. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 207:111726. [PMID: 35998821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid-ß peptides (Aß), that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, involves proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) firstly by ß-secretase (BACE1). Since BACE1 cleaves a plethora of other substrates, in this work we investigated whether the proteolysis and/or distribution of other BACE1 substrates, such as seizure protein 6 (Sez6) and seizure 6-like protein (Sez6L), is altered in AD. To test this we used 5xFAD mouse model brains that show an early accumulation of Aß plaques already at 2-months of age. Here we show for the first time that accumulation of BACE1 in peri-plaque regions and its enhanced levels in AD brains does not affect proteolysis of BACE1 substrates other than APP, such as Sez6 and Sez6L. We observed altered distribution of Sez6 and Sez6L in the area of Aß plaques in 5xFAD brains which is distinct to that of APP, BACE1 and/or LAMP1, suggesting different localization and/or function of these BACE1 substrates. While it is necessary to further elucidate the potential role that this may play in the course of AD, it is likely that Aß-targeted therapies may have beneficial effects against accumulation and/or altered distribution of BACE1 and its substrates, in addition to APP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dominko
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Rastija
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kosara Smiljanic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research-National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research-National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Selma Kanazir
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research-National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research-National Institute of Republic Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Silva Hecimovic
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070996. [PMID: 35883551 PMCID: PMC9312829 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease remains a prevailing neurodegenerative condition which has an array physical, emotional, and financial consequences to patients and society. In the past decade, there has been a greater degree of investigation on therapeutic small peptides. This group of biomolecules have a profile of fundamentally sound characteristics which make them an intriguing area for drug development. Among these biomolecules, there are four modulatory mechanisms of interest in this review: alpha-, beta-, gamma-secretases, and amylin. These protease-based biomolecules all have a contributory role in the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Moreover, the involvement of various biochemical pathways intertwines these peptides to have shared regulators (i.e., retinoids). Further clinical and translational investigation must occur to gain a greater understanding of its potential application in patient care. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the contemporary literature on these protease biomolecule modulators and determine its utility in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahman MA, Shuvo AA, Bepari AK, Hasan Apu M, Shill MC, Hossain M, Uddin M, Islam MR, Bakshi MK, Hasan J, Rahman A, Rahman GMS, Reza HM. Curcumin improves D-galactose and normal-aging associated memory impairment in mice: In vivo and in silico-based studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270123. [PMID: 35767571 PMCID: PMC9242463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced memory impairment is closely associated with oxidative stress. D-Galactose (D-gal) evokes severe oxidative stress and mimics normal aging in animals. Curcumin, a natural flavonoid, has potent antioxidant and anti-aging properties. There are several proteins like glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (MAOA) are commonly involved in oxidative stress and aging. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of curcumin to these proteins and their subsequent effect on aging-associated memory impairment in two robust animal models: D-Gal and normal aged (NA) mice. The aging mice model was developed by administering D-gal intraperitoneally (i.p). Mice (n = 64) were divided into the eight groups (8 mice in each group): Vehicle, Curcumin-Control, D-gal (100mg/kg; i.p), Curcumin + D-gal, Astaxanthin (Ast) + D-gal, Normal Aged (NA), Curcumin (30mg/kg Orally) + NA, Ast (20mg/kg Orally) + NA. Retention and freezing memories were assessed by passive avoidance (PA) and contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Molecular docking was performed to predict curcumin binding with potential molecular targets. Curcumin significantly increased retention time (p < 0.05) and freezing response (p < 0.05) in PA and CFC, respectively. Curcumin profoundly ameliorated the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, advanced oxidation protein products, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation in mice hippocampi. In silico studies revealed favorable binding energies of curcumin with GSTA1, GSTO1, KEAP1, BACE1, and MAOA. Curcumin improves retention and freezing memory in D-gal and nature-induced aging mice. Curcumin ameliorates the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in mice. Anti-aging effects of curcumin could be attributed to, at least partially, the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes through binding with GSTA1, GSTO1, KEAP1, and inhibition of oxidative damage through binding with BACE1 and MAOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MAR); (HMR)
| | - Arif Anzum Shuvo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan Apu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Murad Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Cellular Intelligence (Ci) Lab, GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monjurul Kader Bakshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Javed Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (MAR); (HMR)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo JJ, Wallace W, Kusiak JW. A tough trek in the development of an anti-amyloid therapy for Alzheimer's disease: Do we see hope in the distance? J Neurol Sci 2022; 438:120294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
He Z, Li X, Wang Z, Tu S, Feng J, Du X, Ni J, Li N, Liu Q. Esculentoside A alleviates cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-dependent mechanism in an Alzheimer's disease model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153956. [PMID: 35151213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau aggregation, as well as the brain atrophy. Esculentoside A (EsA), a neuroprotective saponin, is isolated from Phytolacca esculenta and shows potent health-promoting effects in a variety of experimental models. However, there are minimal reports on the effects of EsA on triple transgenic AD mice. PURPOSE The current research aimed at investigating the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of EsA on the mitigation of cognitive deficits and pathology in triple transgenic AD mice. METHODS Triple transgenic AD mice (3 × Tg-AD) of 8 months old received intraperitoneal treatment of 5 or 10 mg/kg EsA for 8 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze test and open field test were made to evaluate the cognitive function and degree of anxiety of the mice. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to characterize and to quantify EsA in the blood and brain of mice. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were adopted to measure the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and key proteins in Aβ pathology, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated pathways. The combination of EsA with PPARγ were theoretically calculated by molecular docking programs and experimentally confirmed by the bio-layer interferometry technology. RESULTS Supplemental EsA could improve the cognitive deficits of 3 × Tg-AD mice. EsA penetrated the brain-blood barrier to exert a strong effect on AD mice, evidenced as decreasing Aβ generation, reducing the degrees of oxidative and ER stress, and mitigating neuronal apoptosis through the increase of PPARγ expression. In the culture of primary neurons, addition of PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 eliminated the effects of EsA on AD pathologies. Direct combination of EsA with PPARγ were demonstrated by molecular docking programs and bio-layer interferometry technology. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, these outcomes revealed that EsA could penetrate the brain-blood barrier to exert a strong effect on ameliorating cognitive deficits in 3 × Tg-AD mice and exert neuroprotective effects toward AD pathology via PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Sixin Tu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marengo L, Armbrust F, Schoenherr C, Storck SE, Schmitt U, Zampar S, Wirths O, Altmeppen H, Glatzel M, Kaether C, Weggen S, Becker-Pauly C, Pietrzik CU. Meprin β knockout reduces brain Aβ levels and rescues learning and memory impairments in the APP/lon mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:168. [PMID: 35235058 PMCID: PMC8891209 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) is the major described β-secretase to generate Aβ peptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, all therapeutic attempts to block BACE1 activity and to improve AD symptoms have so far failed. A potential candidate for alternative Aβ peptides generation is the metalloproteinase meprin β, which cleaves APP predominantly at alanine in p2 and in this study we can detect an increased meprin β expression in AD brain. Here, we report the generation of the transgenic APP/lon mouse model of AD lacking the functional Mep1b gene (APP/lon × Mep1b-/-). We examined levels of canonical and truncated Aβ species using urea-SDS-PAGE, ELISA and immunohistochemistry in brains of APP/lon mouse × Mep1b-/-. Additionally, we investigated the cognitive abilities of these mice during the Morris water maze task. Aβ1-40 and 1-42 levels are reduced in APP/lon mice when meprin β is absent. Immunohistochemical staining of mouse brain sections revealed that N-terminally truncated Aβ2-x peptide deposition is decreased in APP/lon × Mep1b-/- mice. Importantly, loss of meprin β improved cognitive abilities and rescued learning behavior impairments in APP/lon mice. These observations indicate an important role of meprin β within the amyloidogenic pathway and Aβ production in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Caroline Schoenherr
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen E. Storck
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schmitt
- Leibniz-Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvia Zampar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center HH-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center HH-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus U. Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Molecular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ozkat GY, Yildiz I. In Silico Studies to Develop New GSK3β Inhibitors Effective in Alzheimer's Disease. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220210100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer's disease affects a large part of the world population by prolonging the human life span and becoming an economic burden in the health system. Therefore, its treatment becomes more and more important every day. With the insufficiency of existing drug molecules, new drug targets started to be emphasized. The most important of these is the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β enzyme, thought to be of key importance in Tau hyperphosphorylation and Amyloid β accumulation mechanisms.
Objective:
In this research, computational studies were conducted to develop a new GSK3β enzyme inhibitor.
Method:
Leading compounds suitable for pharmacophore models obtained by the 3D QSAR method were scanned in databases. In silico ADME/Tox analyses were performed on the obtained molecules.
Results:
Although the three molecules (ENA99104, CNR13756, TIM405938) had strong Dock Scores (42.869, 53.344, and 41.119, respectively) in molecular docking calculations, only the CNR13756 molecule was found successful according to molecular dynamics simulations.
Conclusion:
All computational studies have revealed that the CNR13756 molecule can exhibit a therapeutic scaffold property, thus obtaining a selective GSK3β inhibitor with minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yalcin Ozkat
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135 Turkey
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Yildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Klonarakis M, De Vos M, Woo E, Ralph L, Thacker JS, Gil-Mohapel J. The three sisters of fate: Genetics, pathophysiology and outcomes of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Das B, Singh N, Yao AY, Zhou J, He W, Hu X, Yan R. BACE1 controls synaptic function through modulating release of synaptic vesicles. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6394-6410. [PMID: 34158621 PMCID: PMC8760050 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACE1 initiates production of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), which is associated with cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to abnormal oligomerization and aggregation. While BACE1 inhibitors show strong reduction in Aβ deposition, they fail to improve cognitive function in patients, largely due to its role in synaptic function. We show that BACE1 is required for optimal release of synaptic vesicles. BACE1 deficiency or inhibition decreases synaptic vesicle docking in the synaptic active zones. Consistently, BACE1-null mice or mice treated with clinically tested BACE1 inhibitors Verubecestat and Lanabecestat exhibit severe reduction in hippocampal LTP and learning behaviors. To counterbalance this synaptic deficit, we discovered that BACE1-null mice treated with positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), whose levels were reduced in BACE1-null mice and significantly improved long-term potentiation and cognitive behaviors. Similarly, mice treated with mGluR1 PAM showed significantly mitigated synaptic deficits caused by BACE1 inhibitors. Together, our data suggest that a therapy combining BACE1 inhibitors for reducing amyloid deposition and an mGluR1 PAM for counteracting BACE1-mediated synaptic deficits appears to be an effective approach for treating AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brati Das
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Annie Y Yao
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Armbrust F, Bickenbach K, Marengo L, Pietrzik C, Becker-Pauly C. The Swedish dilemma - the almost exclusive use of APPswe-based mouse models impedes adequate evaluation of alternative β-secretases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119164. [PMID: 34699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, however incurable so far. It is widely accepted that aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role for the pathogenesis of AD, as they cause neurotoxicity and deposit as so-called Aβ plaques in AD patient brains. Aβ peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) upon consecutive cleavage at the β- and γ-secretase site. Hence, mutations in the APP gene are often associated with autosomal dominant inherited AD. Almost thirty years ago, two mutations at the β-secretase site were observed in two Swedish families (termed Swedish APP (APPswe) mutations), which led to early-onset AD. Consequently, APPswe was established in almost every common AD mouse model, as it contributes to early Aβ plaque formation and cognitive impairments. Analyzing these APPswe-based mouse models, the aspartyl protease BACE1 has been evolving as the prominent β-secretase responsible for Aβ release in AD and as the most important therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, with respect to β-secretase processing, the very rare occurring APPswe variant substantially differs from wild-type APP. BACE1 dominates APPswe processing resulting in the release of Aβ1-x, whereas N-terminally truncated Aβ forms are scarcely generated. However, these N-terminally truncated Aβ species such as Aβ2-x, Aβ3-x and Aβ4-x are elevated in AD patient brains and exhibit an increased potential to aggregate compared to Aβ1-x peptides. Proteases such as meprin β, cathepsin B and ADAMTS4 were identified as alternative β-secretases being capable of generating these N-terminally truncated Aβ species from wild-type APP. However, neither meprin β nor cathepsin B are capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from APPswe. Hence, the role of BACE1 for the Aβ formation during AD might be overrepresented through the excessive use of APPswe mouse models. In this review we critically discuss the consideration of BACE1 as the most promising therapeutic target. Shifting the focus of AD research towards alternative β secretases might unveil promising alternatives to BACE1 inhibitors constantly failing in clinical trials due to ineffectiveness and harmful side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kira Bickenbach
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liana Marengo
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Biochemical Institute, Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang L, Qian Y, Li J, Zhou X, Xu H, Yan J, Xiang J, Yuan X, Sun B, Sisodia SS, Jiang YH, Cao X, Jing N, Lin A. BAD-mediated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology. iScience 2021; 24:102942. [PMID: 34430820 PMCID: PMC8369003 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we report that the pro-apoptotic protein BAD as a key regulator for neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation and Aβ clearance in AD. BAD pro-apoptotic activity is significantly increased in neurons of AD patients and 5XFAD mice. Conversely, genetic disruption of Bad alleles restores spatial learning and memory deficits in 5XFAD mice. Mechanistically, phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD by neurotropic factor-activated Akt is abrogated in neurons under AD condition. Through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-oxidized mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) axis, BAD also promotes microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby skewing microglia toward neuroinflammatory microglia to inhibit microglial phagocytosis of Aβ in AD mice. Our results support a model in which BAD contributes to AD pathologies by driving neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation but suppressing microglial phagocytosis of Aβ, suggesting that BAD is a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - He Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allery & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Jialing Xiang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Xiang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sangram S. Sisodia
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Microbiome Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Center of Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Anning Lin
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Haman Behavior, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Uddin O, Arakawa K, Raver C, Garagusi B, Keller A. Patterns of cognitive decline and somatosensory processing in a mouse model of amyloid accumulation. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2021; 10:100076. [PMID: 34820549 PMCID: PMC8599510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite copious amyloid plaques, 5XFAD mice show modest signs of cognitive decline. At ages 2 to 13 months old 5XFAD mice show no signs of sensory or pain dysfunctions. 5XFAD mice may not be a valid model for pain abnormalities in the context of AD.
Pain and cognitive decline increase with age. In particular, there is a troubling relationship between dementia and pain, with some studies showing higher prevalence and inadequate treatment of pain in this population. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in older adults. Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of AD. The downstream processes these plaques promote are believed to affect neuronal and glial health and activity. There is a need to better understand how the neuropathological changes of AD shape neural activity and pain sensitivity. Here, we use the 5XFAD mouse model, in which dense amyloid accumulations occur at early ages, and in which previous studies reported signs of cognitive decline. We hypothesized that 5XFAD mice develop sensory and pain processing dysfunctions. Although amyloid burden was high throughout the brain, including in regions involved with sensory processing, we identified no functionally significant differences in reflexive or spontaneous signs of pain. Furthermore, expected signs of cognitive decline were modest; a finding consistent with variable results in the literature. These data suggest that models recapitulating other pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease might be better suited to studying differences in pain perception in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Uddin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Keiko Arakawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Charles Raver
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Brendon Garagusi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Asaf Keller
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Russo ML, Molina-Campos E, Ybarra N, Rogalsky AE, Musial TF, Jimenez V, Haddad LG, Voskobiynyk Y, D'Souza GX, Carballo G, Neuman KM, Chetkovich DM, Oh MM, Disterhoft JF, Nicholson DA. Variability in sub-threshold signaling linked to Alzheimer's disease emerges with age and amyloid plaque deposition in mouse ventral CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:207-222. [PMID: 34303222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is vulnerable to deterioration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is, however, a heterogeneous structure, which may contribute to the differential volumetric changes along its septotemporal axis during AD progression. Here, we investigated amyloid plaque deposition along the dorsoventral axis in two strains of transgenic AD (ADTg) mouse models. We also used patch-clamp physiology in these mice to probe for functional consequences of AD pathogenesis in ventral hippocampus, which we found bears significantly higher plaque burden in the aged ADTg group compared to corresponding dorsal regions. Despite dorsoventral differences in amyloid load, ventral CA1 pyramidal neurons of aged ADTg mice exhibited subthreshold physiological changes similar to those previously reported in dorsal neurons, indicative of an HCN channelopathy, but lacked exacerbated suprathreshold accommodation. Additionally, HCN channel function could be rescued by pharmacological manipulation of the endoplasmic reticulum. These observations suggest that an AD-linked HCN channelopathy emerges in both dorsal and ventral CA1 pyramidal neurons, but that the former encounter an additional integrative obstacle in the form of reduced intrinsic excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Russo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Natividad Ybarra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annalise E Rogalsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy F Musial
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Viviana Jimenez
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loreece G Haddad
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary X D'Souza
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel Carballo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krystina M Neuman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - M Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Resende R, Ferreira-Marques M, Moreira P, Coimbra JRM, Baptista SJ, Isidoro C, Salvador JAR, Dinis TCP, Pereira CF, Santos AE. New BACE1 Chimeric Peptide Inhibitors Selectively Prevent AβPP-β Cleavage Decreasing Amyloid-β Production and Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1317-1337. [PMID: 32597812 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still an unmet clinical need. The formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) requires the initial cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by BACE1 (beta-site AβPP cleaving enzyme 1), which is a prime therapeutic target for AD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to design and develop a selective BACE1 inhibitor suitable to AD treatment. METHODS The new BACE1 inhibitors consist on a chimeric peptide including a sequence related to the human Swedish mutant form of AβPP (AβPPswe) conjugated with the TAT carrier that facilitates cell membrane permeation and the crossing of the blood-brain barrier. Additionally to the chimeric peptide in the L-form, we developed a D-retroinverso chimeric peptide. The latter strategy, never used with BACE1 inhibitors, is considered to favor a significantly higher half-life and lower immunogenicity. RESULTS We found that both chimeric peptides inhibit recombinant BACE1 activity and decrease Aβ40/42 production in Neuro-2a (N2A) cells expressing AβPPswe without inducing cytotoxicity. The intraperitoneal administration of these peptides to 3xTg-AD mice decreased plasma and brain Aβ40/42 levels, as well as brain soluble AβPPβ production. Also, a reduction of insoluble Aβ was observed in the brain after chronic treatment. Noteworthy, the chimeric peptides selectively inhibited the AβPP-β cleavage relatively to the proteolysis of other BACE1 substrates such as close homologue of L1 (CHL1) and seizure-related gene 6 (SEZ6). CONCLUSIONS Overall these new BACE1 chimeric peptideshold promising potential as a selective disease-modifying therapy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Resende
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ferreira-Marques
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Judite R M Coimbra
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salete J Baptista
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Chem4Pharma, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E Santos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yoon JH, Lee N, Youn K, Jo MR, Kim HR, Lee DS, Ho CT, Jun M. Dieckol Ameliorates Aβ Production via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Regulated APP Processing in SweAPP N2a Cell. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030152. [PMID: 33804171 PMCID: PMC8001366 DOI: 10.3390/md19030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase releases amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which deposits in amyloid plaques and contributes to the initial causative events of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, the regulatory mechanism of APP processing of three phlorotannins was elucidated in Swedish mutant APP overexpressed N2a (SweAPP N2a) cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on both intra- and extracellular Aβ accumulation. In addition, dieckol regulated the APP processing enzymes, such as α-secretase (ADAM10), β-secretase, and γ-secretase, presenilin-1 (PS1), and their proteolytic products, sAPPα and sAPPβ, implying that the compound acts on both the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways. In addition, dieckol increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and GSK-3β at Ser9, suggesting dieckol induced the activation of Akt, which phosphorylated GSK-3β. The specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 triggered GSK-3β activation and Aβ expression. In addition, co-treatment with LY294002 noticeably blocked the effect of dieckol on Aβ production, demonstrating that dieckol promoted the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn inactivated GSK-3β, resulting in the reduction in Aβ levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Mi Ra Jo
- Division of Food Safety and Processing Research, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7323
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reiss AB, Montufar N, DeLeon J, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, Glass AD, Arain HA, Stecker MM. Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Targeting Amyloid: Lessons Learned From Success in Mice and Failure in Humans. Neurologist 2021; 26:52-61. [PMID: 33646990 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of slowing or halting the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) has resulted in the huge allocation of resources by academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to the development of new treatments. The etiology of AD is elusive, but the aggregation of amyloid-β and tau peptide and oxidative processes are considered critical pathologic mechanisms. The failure of drugs with multiple mechanisms to meet efficacy outcomes has caused several companies to decide not to pursue further AD studies and has left the field essentially where it has been for the past 15 years. Efforts are underway to develop biomarkers for detection and monitoring of AD using genetic, imaging, and biochemical technology, but this is of minimal use if no intervention can be offered. REVIEW SUMMARY In this review, we consider the natural progression of AD and how it continues despite present attempts to modify the amyloid-related machinery to alter the disease trajectory. We describe the mechanisms and approaches to AD treatment targeting amyloid, including both passive and active immunotherapy as well as inhibitors of enzymes in the amyloidogenic pathway. CONCLUSION Lessons learned from clinical trials of amyloid reduction strategies may prove crucial for the leap forward toward novel therapeutic targets to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Natalie Montufar
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Joshua DeLeon
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Irving H Gomolin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Amy D Glass
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Hirra A Arain
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY
| | - Mark M Stecker
- Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, Fresno, CA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A Skate Skin Hydrolysate Restores Cognitive Function in 5XFAD Alzheimer Disease Mice Model by Suppressing Amyloid-β Accumulation via Upregulation of ERK-CREB. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Zhao J, Shi Q, Tian H, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Robert A, Liu Q, Meunier B. TDMQ20, a Specific Copper Chelator, Reduces Memory Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:140-149. [PMID: 33322892 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides targeting amyloid or tau metabolisms, regulation of redox metal ions is a recognized therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the bioinorganic chemistry of copper, we designed specific chelators of copper(II) (TDMQs) insight to regulate copper homeostasis in the brain and to inhibit the deleterious oxidative stress catalyzed by copper-amyloid complexes. An oral treatment by TDMQ20 was able to fully reverse the cognitive and behavioral impairment in three different murine models, two nontransgenic models mimicking the early stage of AD and a transgenic model representing a more advanced stage of AD. To our knowledge, such a comparative study using the same molecule has never been performed. Regular C57BL/6 mice received a single injection of human Cu-Aβ1-42 in the lateral ventricles (icv-CuAβ) or in the hippocampus (hippo-CuAβ). In both cases, mice developed a cognitive impairment similar to that of transgenic 5XFAD mice. Oral administration of TDMQ20 to icv-CuAβ or hippo-CuAβ mice within a 16-day period resulted in a significant improvement of the cognitive status. The 3-month treatment of transgenic 5XFAD mice with TDMQ20 also resulted in behavioral improvements. The consistent positive pharmacological results obtained using these different AD models correlate well with previously obtained physicochemical data of TDMQ20. The short-term novel object recognition (NOR) test was found particularly relevant to evaluate the rescue of declarative memory impairment. TDMQ20 was also able to reduce the oxidative stress in the mouse cortex. Due to its reliability and facile use, the hippo-CuAβ model can be considered as a robust nontransgenic model to evaluate the activity of potential drugs on the early stages of memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qihui Shi
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youzhi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Anne Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC-CNRS), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, cedex 4, France
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Sciences & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bernard Meunier
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC-CNRS), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pradeepkiran JA, Reddy AP, Yin X, Manczak M, Reddy PH. Protective effects of BACE1 inhibitory ligand molecules against amyloid beta-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:49-69. [PMID: 31595293 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the major drivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and are formed by successive cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the beta and gamma secretases. Mounting evidence suggests that Aβ and mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities are critically involved in the loss of synapses and cognitive decline, in patients with AD. In AD brain, state the sequential proteolytic cleavage of APP by beta secretase 1 enzyme (BACE1) and γ-secretase leads to the production and release of Aβ40 and 42. BACE1 expression and activity increased in the brains of AD patients. Structurally, β-secretase has a very large binding site (1000 Å) with fewer hydrophobic domains that makes a challenge to identify the specific targets/binding sites of BACE1. In the present study, we constructed a BACE1 pharmacophore with pepstatin and screened through molecular docking studies. We found one potential candidate (referred as ligand 1) that binds to the key catalytic residues of BACE1 and predicts to inhibit abnormal APP processing and reduce Aβ levels in AD neurons. Using biochemical, molecular, transmission electron microscopy, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, we studied the protective effects of ligand 1 against Aβ-induced synaptic and mitochondrial toxicities in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells that express mutant APP. We found interaction between ligand 1 and BACE1 and this interaction decreased BACE1 activity, Aβ40 and 42 levels. We also found increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and synaptic activity and reduced mitochondrial fission in ligand 1-treated mutant APP cells. Based on these results, we cautiously conclude that ligand 1 reduces Aβ-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities, and maintains mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal function in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.,Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Public Health Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lopez-Barbosa N, Garcia JG, Cifuentes J, Castro LM, Vargas F, Ostos C, Cardona-Gomez GP, Hernandez AM, Cruz JC. Multifunctional magnetite nanoparticles to enable delivery of siRNA for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:864-875. [PMID: 32515999 PMCID: PMC8216449 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1775724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease have been extensively studied due to its recurrence and abundance among neurodegenerative diseases. It is thought that the accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) products, a consequence of an up-regulation of the β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), is the main triggering mechanism during the early stages of the disease. This study aims to explore the ability of a multifunctional conjugate based on magnetite nanoparticles for the cellular delivery of siRNA against the expression of the BACE1 gene. We immobilized the siRNA strand on PEGylated magnetite nanoparticles and investigated the effects on biocompatibility and efficacy of the conjugation. Similarly, we co-immobilized the translocating protein OmpA on PEGylated nanoparticles to enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape. BACE1 suppression was statistically significant in HFF-1 cells, without any presence of a cytotoxic effect. The delivery of the nanoconjugate was achieved through endocytosis pathways, where endosome formation was likely escaped due to the proton-sponge effect characteristic of PEGylated nanoparticles or mainly by direct translocation in the case of OmpA/PEGylated nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan G. Garcia
- Institute of Chemistry, CATALAD Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, CATALAD Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Felipe Vargas
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ostos
- Institute of Chemistry, CATALAD Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Alher Mauricio Hernandez
- Engineering Faculty, Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group – GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
- Engineering Faculty, Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group – GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chronic BACE-1 Inhibitor Administration in TASTPM Mice (APP KM670/671NL and PSEN1 M146V Mutation): An EEG Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239072. [PMID: 33260655 PMCID: PMC7730584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this exploratory study, we tested whether electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms may reflect the effects of a chronic administration (4 weeks) of an anti-amyloid β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor (BACE-1; ER-901356; Eisai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in TASTPM (double mutation in APP KM670/671NL and PSEN1 M146V) producing Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid neuropathology as compared to wild type (WT) mice. METHODS Ongoing EEG rhythms were recorded from a bipolar frontoparietal and two monopolar frontomedial (prelimbic) and hippocampal channels in 11 WT Vehicle, 10 WT BACE-1, 10 TASTPM Vehicle, and 11 TASTPM BACE-1 mice (males; aged 8/9 months old at the beginning of treatment). Normalized EEG power (density) was compared between the first day (Day 0) and after 4 weeks (Week 4) of the BACE-1 inhibitor (10 mg/Kg) or vehicle administration in the 4 mouse groups. Frequency and magnitude of individual EEG delta and theta frequency peaks (IDF and ITF) were considered during animal conditions of behaviorally passive and active wakefulness. Cognitive status was not tested. RESULTS Compared with the WT group, the TASTPM group generally showed a significantly lower reactivity in frontoparietal ITF power during the active over the passive condition (p < 0.05). Notably, there was no other statistically significant effect (e.g., additional electrodes, recording time, and BACE-1 inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS The above EEG biomarkers reflected differences between the WT and TASTPM groups, but no BACE-1 inhibitor effect. The results suggest an enhanced experimental design with the use of younger mice, longer drug administrations, an effective control drug, and neuropathological amyloid markers.
Collapse
|
45
|
Calvo-Flores Guzmán B, Elizabeth Chaffey T, Hansika Palpagama T, Waters S, Boix J, Tate WP, Peppercorn K, Dragunow M, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. The Interplay Between Beta-Amyloid 1-42 (Aβ 1-42)-Induced Hippocampal Inflammatory Response, p-tau, Vascular Pathology, and Their Synergistic Contributions to Neuronal Death and Behavioral Deficits. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:522073. [PMID: 33224025 PMCID: PMC7667153 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.552073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorder, has complex neuropathology. The principal neuropathological hallmarks of the disease are the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein. These changes occur with neuroinflammation, a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and neuronal synaptic dysfunction, all of which ultimately lead to neuronal cell loss and cognitive deficits in AD. Aβ1-42 was stereotaxically administered bilaterally into the CA1 region of the hippocampi of 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. This study aimed to characterize, utilizing immunohistochemistry and behavioral testing, the spatial and temporal effects of Aβ1-42 on a broad set of parameters characteristic of AD: p-tau, neuroinflammation, vascular pathology, pyramidal cell survival, and behavior. Three days after Aβ1-42 injection and before significant neuronal cell loss was detected, acute neuroinflammatory and vascular responses were observed. These responses included the up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, also known as CD31), fibrinogen labeling, and an increased number of activated astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. From day 7, there was significant pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and by 30 days, significant localized up-regulation of p-tau, GFAP, Iba-1, CD31, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the Aβ1-42-injected mice compared with controls. These molecular changes in Aβ1-42-injected mice were accompanied by cognitive deterioration, as demonstrated by long-term spatial memory impairment. This study is reporting a comprehensive examination of a complex set of parameters associated with intrahippocampal administration of Aβ1-42 in mice, their spatiotemporal interactions and combined contribution to the disease progression. We show that a single Aβ injection can reproduce aspects of the inflammatory, vascular, and p-tau induced pathology occurring in the AD human brain that lead to cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Calvo-Flores Guzmán
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tessa Elizabeth Chaffey
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani Hansika Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Waters
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jordi Boix
- Centre for Brain Research, NeuroDiscovery Behavioural Unit, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren Perry Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Peppercorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry John Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Lewis Maxwell Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang YY, Fang N, Luo HR, Gao F, Zou Y, Zhou LL, Zeng QP, Fang SS, Xiao F, Zheng Q. RP1, a RAGE antagonist peptide, can improve memory impairment and reduce Aβ plaque load in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108304. [PMID: 32931813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the production and accumulation of Aβ. RP1, a peptide antagonist of RAGE, was screened by phage display technology in our previous studies, and its neuroprotective effects on an AD cell model have been confirmed. However, its efficacy in vivo remains unclear. Here, the intranasal delivery of RP1 to APPSwe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice significantly improved memory impairment and relieved the Aβ burden by decreasing the expression of amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in APP/PS1 mice after RP1 administration. Several DEGs in RAGE downstream signalling pathways were downregulated. Some transcription factors (such as Fos) and the pathways enriched in the remarkable modules may also be related to the efficacy of RP1. In conclusion, RP1 significantly improves the AD symptoms of APP/PS1 mice, and the RNA-seq results provide new ideas for elucidating the possible mechanisms of RP1 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Huang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nian Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Ru Luo
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yao Zou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shi-Song Fang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wahle T, Sofranko A, Dekkers S, Miller MR, Heusinkveld HJ, Albrecht C, Cassee FR, Schins RP. Evaluation of neurological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles doped with different amounts of zirconium following inhalation exposure in mouse models of Alzheimer's and vascular disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104755. [PMID: 32422323 PMCID: PMC7397505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from toxicological and epidemiological studies indicates that the brain is an important target for ambient (ultrafine) particles. Disturbance of redox-homeostasis and inflammation in the brain are proposed as possible mechanisms that can contribute to neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects. Whether and how engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause neurotoxicity and promote neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is largely unstudied. We have assessed the neurological effects of subacute inhalation exposures (4 mg/m3 for 3 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks) to cerium dioxide (CeO2) NPs doped with different amounts of zirconium (Zr, 0%, 27% and 78%), to address the influence of particle redox-activity in the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Four weeks post-exposure, effects on behaviour were evaluated and brain tissues were analysed for amyloid-β plaque formation and reactive microglia (Iba-1 staining). Behaviour was also evaluated in concurrently exposed non-transgenic C57BL/6J littermates, as well as in Western diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice as a model of vascular disease. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated in brain cortex. The brains of the NP-exposed 5xFAD mice revealed no accelerated amyloid-β plaque formation. No significant treatment-related behaviour impairments were observed in the healthy C57BL/6J mice. In the 5xFAD and ApoE-/- models, the NP inhalation exposures did not affect the alternation score in the X-maze indicating absence of spatial working memory deficits. However, following inhalation exposure to the 78% Zr-doped CeO2 NPs changes in forced motor performance (string suspension) and exploratory motor activity (X-maze) were observed in ApoE-/- and 5xFAD mice, respectively. Exposure to the 78% doped NPs also caused increased cortical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the C57BL/6J mice. No significant treatment-related changes neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were observed in the 5xFAD and ApoE-/- mice. Our study findings reveal that subacute inhalation exposure to CeO2 NPs does not accelerate the AD-like phenotype of the 5xFAD model. Further investigation is warranted to unravel whether the redox-activity dependent effects on motor activity as observed in the mouse models of AD and vascular disease result from specific neurotoxic effects of these NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wahle
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adriana Sofranko
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mark R. Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science & Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harm J. Heusinkveld
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Flemming R. Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel P.F. Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany,Corresponding author. IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lazarov O, Minshall RD, Bonini MG. Harnessing neurogenesis in the adult brain-A role in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:235-269. [PMID: 32854856 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Some metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for the development of cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies suggest that in people with T2DM, the risk of developing dementia is 2.5 times higher than that in the non-diabetic population. The signaling pathways that underlie the increased risk and facilitate cognitive deficits are not fully understood. In fact, the cause of memory deficits in AD is not fully elucidated. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation. Hippocampal neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons and glia in the adult brain throughout life. New neurons incorporate in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and play a role in learning and memory and hippocampal plasticity. A large body of studies suggests that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in mouse models of AD and T2DM. Recent evidence shows that hippocampal neurogenesis is also impaired in human patients exhibiting mild cognitive impairment or AD. This review discusses the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the development of cognitive deficits and AD, and considers inflammatory and endothelial signaling pathways in T2DM that may compromise hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, leading to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and Basic Sciences Research, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shen G, Hu S, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. Antenatal Hypoxia Accelerates the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in 5xFAD Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:251. [PMID: 32973487 PMCID: PMC7472639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment and later dementia among the elderly. Mounting evidence shows that adverse maternal environments during the fetal development increase the risk of diseases later in life including neurological disorders, and suggests an early origin in the development of AD-related dementia (ADRD) in utero. In the present study, we investigated the impact of antenatal hypoxia and fetal stress on the initiation of AD-related pathology in offspring of 5xFAD mice. We showed that fetal hypoxia significantly reduced brain and body weight in the fetal and the early postnatal period, which recovered in young adult mice. Using spontaneous Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and open field (OF) tasks, we found that antenatal hypoxia exacerbated cognitive decline in offspring of 5xFAD compared with normoxia control. Of interest, fetal hypoxia did not alter intraneuronal soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus in 5xFAD mouse offspring, indicating that antenatal hypoxia increased the vulnerability of the brain to synaptotoxic Aβ in the disease onset later in life. Consistent with the early occurrence of cognitive decline, we found synapse loss but not neuronal death in the cerebral cortex in 5xFAD but not wild-type (WT) offspring exposed to antenatal hypoxia. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that antenatal hypoxia significantly increased microglial number and activation, and reactive astrogliosis in the cerebral cortex in WT offspring. Moreover, antenatal hypoxia resulted in an exacerbated increase of microgliosis and astrogliosis in the early stage of AD in 5xFAD offspring. Together, our study reveals a causative link between fetal stress and the accelerated onset of AD-related pathology, and provides mechanistic insights into the developmental origin of aging-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Shirley Hu
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Heuer SE, Neuner SM, Hadad N, O'Connell KMS, Williams RW, Philip VM, Gaiteri C, Kaczorowski CC. Identifying the molecular systems that influence cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease in genetically diverse mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:355-371. [PMID: 32817302 PMCID: PMC7433658 DOI: 10.1101/lm.051839.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in cognitive decline during normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these distinct outcomes are not fully understood. We utilized a combination of genetic, molecular, and behavioral data from a mouse population designed to model human variation in cognitive outcomes to search for the molecular mechanisms behind this population-wide variation. Specifically, we used a systems genetics approach to relate gene expression to cognitive outcomes during AD and normal aging. Statistical causal-inference Bayesian modeling was used to model systematic genetic perturbations matched with cognitive data that identified astrocyte and microglia molecular networks as drivers of cognitive resilience to AD. Using genetic mapping, we identified Fgf2 as a potential regulator of the astrocyte network associated with individual differences in short-term memory. We also identified several immune genes as regulators of a microglia network associated with individual differences in long-term memory, which was partly mediated by amyloid burden. Finally, significant overlap between mouse and two different human coexpression networks provided strong evidence of translational relevance for the genetically diverse AD-BXD panel as a model of late-onset AD. Together, this work identified two candidate molecular pathways enriched for microglia and astrocyte genes that serve as causal AD cognitive biomarkers, and provided a greater understanding of processes that modulate individual and population-wide differences in cognitive outcomes during AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Heuer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.,Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Sarah M Neuner
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.,University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Niran Hadad
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | | | - Robert W Williams
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | | | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.,Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|