1
|
Kim H, Melliti N, Breithausen E, Michel K, Colomer SF, Poguzhelskaya E, Nemcova P, Ewell L, Blaess S, Becker A, Pitsch J, Dietrich D, Schoch S. Paroxysmal dystonia results from the loss of RIM4 in Purkinje cells. Brain 2024; 147:3171-3188. [PMID: 38478593 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Full-length RIM1 and 2 are key components of the presynaptic active zone that ubiquitously control excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release. Here, we report that the function of the small RIM isoform RIM4, consisting of a single C2 domain, is strikingly different from that of the long isoforms. RIM4 is dispensable for neurotransmitter release but plays a postsynaptic, cell type-specific role in cerebellar Purkinje cells that is essential for normal motor function. In the absence of RIM4, Purkinje cell intrinsic firing is reduced and caffeine-sensitive, and dendritic integration of climbing fibre input is disturbed. Mice lacking RIM4, but not mice lacking RIM1/2, selectively in Purkinje cells exhibit a severe, hours-long paroxysmal dystonia. These episodes can also be induced by caffeine, ethanol or stress and closely resemble the deficits seen with mutations of the PNKD (paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonia) gene. Our data reveal essential postsynaptic functions of RIM proteins and show non-overlapping specialized functions of a small isoform despite high homology to a single domain in the full-length proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntae Kim
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nesrine Melliti
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Breithausen
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Michel
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Ferrando Colomer
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Poguzhelskaya
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paulina Nemcova
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Ewell
- School of Medicine, UC Irvine, 92697 Irvine, USA
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Becker
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snyder K, Dixon CE, Henchir J, Gorse K, Vagni VA, Janesko-Feldman K, Kochanek PM, Jackson TC. Gene knockout of RNA binding motif 5 in the brain alters RIMS2 protein homeostasis in the cerebellum and Hippocampus and exacerbates behavioral deficits after a TBI in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114690. [PMID: 38218585 PMCID: PMC11178365 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) is a tumor suppressor in cancer but its role in the brain is unclear. We used conditional gene knockout (KO) mice to test if RBM5 inhibition in the brain affects chronic cortical brain tissue survival or function after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI). RBM5 KO decreased baseline contralateral hemispheric volume (p < 0.0001) and exacerbated ipsilateral tissue loss at 21 d after CCI in male mice vs. wild type (WT) (p = 0.0019). CCI injury, but not RBM5 KO, impaired beam balance performance (0-5d post-injury) and swim speed on the Morris Water Maze (MWM) (19-20d) (p < 0.0001). RBM5 KO was associated with mild learning impairment in female mice (p = 0.0426), reflected as a modest increase in escape latency early in training (14-18d post-injury). However, KO did not affect spatial memory at 19d post-injury in male or in female mice but it was impaired by CCI in females (p = 0.0061). RBM5 KO was associated with impaired visual function in male mice on the visible platform test at 20d post-injury (p = 0.0256). To explore signaling disturbances in KOs related to behavior, we first cross-referenced known brain-specific RBM5-regulated gene targets with genes in the curated RetNet database that impact vision. We then performed a secondary literature search on RBM5-regulated genes with a putative role in hippocampal function. Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 2 (RIMS) 2 was identified as a gene of interest because it regulates both vision and hippocampal function. Immunoprecipitation and western blot confirmed protein expression of a novel ~170 kDa RIMS2 variant in the cerebellum, and in the hippocampus, it was significantly increased in KO vs WT (p < 0.0001), and in a sex-dependent manner (p = 0.0390). Furthermore, male KOs had decreased total canonical RIMS2 levels in the cerebellum (p = 0.0027) and hippocampus (p < 0.0001), whereas female KOs had increased total RIMS1 levels in the cerebellum (p = 0.0389). In summary, RBM5 modulates brain function in mammals. Future work is needed to test if RBM5 dependent regulation of RIMS2 splicing effects vision and cognition, and to verify potential sex differences on behavior in a larger cohort of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Snyder
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0630, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL 33602, United States of America; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6(th) floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6(th) floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
| | - Kiersten Gorse
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0630, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL 33602, United States of America; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| | - Vincent A Vagni
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6(th) floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6(th) floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center - 6(th) floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States of America.
| | - Travis C Jackson
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, MDD 0630, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL 33602, United States of America; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laighneach A, Kelly JP, Desbonnet L, Holleran L, Kerr DM, McKernan D, Donohoe G, Morris DW. Social isolation-induced transcriptomic changes in mouse hippocampus impact the synapse and show convergence with human genetic risk for neurodevelopmental phenotypes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295855. [PMID: 38127959 PMCID: PMC10735045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) can impact brain development and is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Post-weaning social isolation (SI) is used to model ELS in animals, using isolation stress to disrupt a normal developmental trajectory. We aimed to investigate how SI affects the expression of genes in mouse hippocampus and to investigate how these changes related to the genetic basis of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. BL/6J mice were exposed to post-weaning SI (PD21-25) or treated as group-housed controls (n = 7-8 per group). RNA sequencing was performed on tissue samples from the hippocampus of adult male and female mice. Four hundred and 1,215 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) at a false discovery rate of < 0.05 were detected between SI and control samples for males and females respectively. DEGS for both males and females were significantly overrepresented in gene ontologies related to synaptic structure and function, especially the post-synapse. DEGs were enriched for common variant (SNP) heritability in humans that contributes to risk of neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and to cognitive function. DEGs were also enriched for genes harbouring rare de novo variants that contribute to autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders. Finally, cell type analysis revealed populations of hippocampal astrocytes that were enriched for DEGs, indicating effects in these cell types as well as neurons. Overall, these data suggest a convergence between genes dysregulated by the SI stressor in the mouse and genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive phenotypes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aodán Laighneach
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P. Kelly
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lieve Desbonnet
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M. Kerr
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan McKernan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveras-Cañellas N, Castells-Nobau A, de la Vega-Correa L, Latorre-Luque J, Motger-Albertí A, Arnoriaga-Rodriguez M, Garre-Olmo J, Zapata-Tona C, Coll-Martínez C, Ramió-Torrentà L, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Puig J, Villarroya F, Ramos R, Casadó-Anguera V, Martín-García E, Maldonado R, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Fernández-Real JM. Adipose tissue coregulates cognitive function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4017. [PMID: 37566655 PMCID: PMC10421051 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with cognitive decline. Recent observations in mice propose an adipose tissue (AT)-brain axis. We identified 188 genes from RNA sequencing of AT in three cohorts that were associated with performance in different cognitive domains. These genes were mostly involved in synaptic function, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, the complement cascade, anti-inflammatory signaling, and vitamin metabolism. These findings were translated into the plasma metabolome. The circulating blood expression levels of most of these genes were also associated with several cognitive domains in a cohort of 816 participants. Targeted misexpression of candidate gene ortholog in the Drosophila fat body significantly altered flies memory and learning. Among them, down-regulation of the neurotransmitter release cycle-associated gene SLC18A2 improved cognitive abilities in Drosophila and in mice. Up-regulation of RIMS1 in Drosophila fat body enhanced cognitive abilities. Current results show previously unidentified connections between AT transcriptome and brain function in humans, providing unprecedented diagnostic/therapeutic targets in AT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Lisset de la Vega-Correa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre-Luque
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Motger-Albertí
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Arnoriaga-Rodriguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- Department of Nursing (Serra-Hunter Professor), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Cristina Zapata-Tona
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Coll-Martínez
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Girona Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
| | - José Maria Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona. Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Vascular Health Research Group of Girona (ISV-Girona), Jordi Gol Institute for Primary Care Research (Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol I Gorina -IDIAPJGol), Girona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia X, Zhu J, Bian X, Liu S, Yu S, Liang W, Jiang L, Mao R, Zhang W, Rao Y. Importance of glutamine in synaptic vesicles revealed by functional studies of SLC6A17 and its mutations pathogenic for intellectual disability. eLife 2023; 12:RP86972. [PMID: 37440432 PMCID: PMC10393021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier (SLC) 6A17 caused intellectual disability (ID). The physiological role of SLC6A17 and pathogenesis of SLC6A17-based-ID were both unclear. Here, we report learning deficits in Slc6a17 knockout and point mutant mice. Biochemistry, proteomic, and electron microscopy (EM) support SLC6A17 protein localization in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Chemical analysis of SVs by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed glutamine (Gln) in SVs containing SLC6A17. Virally mediated overexpression of SLC6A17 increased Gln in SVs. Either genetic or virally mediated targeting of Slc6a17 reduced Gln in SVs. One ID mutation caused SLC6A17 mislocalization while the other caused defective Gln transport. Multidisciplinary approaches with seven types of genetically modified mice have shown Gln as an endogenous substrate of SLC6A17, uncovered Gln as a new molecule in SVs, established the necessary and sufficient roles of SLC6A17 in Gln transport into SVs, and suggested SV Gln decrease as the key pathogenetic mechanism in human ID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Jia
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiemin Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiling Bian
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Sihan Yu
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | | | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Renbo Mao
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Rao
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
- Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia QQ, Walker AK, Song C, Wang J, Singh A, Mobley JA, Xuan ZX, Singer JD, Powell CM. Effects of heterozygous deletion of autism-related gene Cullin-3 in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283299. [PMID: 37428799 PMCID: PMC10332626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder in which children display repetitive behavior, restricted range of interests, and atypical social interaction and communication. CUL3, coding for a Cullin family scaffold protein mediating assembly of ubiquitin ligase complexes through BTB domain substrate-recruiting adaptors, has been identified as a high-risk gene for autism. Although complete knockout of Cul3 results in embryonic lethality, Cul3 heterozygous mice have reduced CUL3 protein, demonstrate comparable body weight, and display minimal behavioral differences including decreased spatial object recognition memory. In measures of reciprocal social interaction, Cul3 heterozygous mice behaved similarly to their wild-type littermates. In area CA1 of hippocampus, reduction of Cul3 significantly increased mEPSC frequency but not amplitude nor baseline evoked synaptic transmission or paired-pulse ratio. Sholl and spine analysis data suggest there is a small yet significant difference in CA1 pyramidal neuron dendritic branching and stubby spine density. Unbiased proteomic analysis of Cul3 heterozygous brain tissue revealed dysregulation of various cytoskeletal organization proteins, among others. Overall, our results suggest that Cul3 heterozygous deletion impairs spatial object recognition memory, alters cytoskeletal organization proteins, but does not cause major hippocampal neuronal morphology, functional, or behavioral abnormalities in adult global Cul3 heterozygous mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-qiang Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Angela K. Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Chenghui Song
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Shared Facility, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Zhong X. Xuan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Singer
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Craig M. Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, & Civitan International Research Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medina E, Peterson S, Ford K, Singletary K, Peixoto L. Critical periods and Autism Spectrum Disorders, a role for sleep. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100088. [PMID: 36632570 PMCID: PMC9826922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development relies on both experience and genetically defined programs. Time windows where certain brain circuits are particularly receptive to external stimuli, resulting in heightened plasticity, are referred to as "critical periods". Sleep is thought to be essential for normal brain development. Importantly, studies have shown that sleep enhances critical period plasticity and promotes experience-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian brain. Therefore, normal plasticity during critical periods depends on sleep. Problems falling and staying asleep occur at a higher rate in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relative to typical development. In this review, we explore the potential link between sleep, critical period plasticity, and ASD. First, we review the importance of critical period plasticity in typical development and the role of sleep in this process. Next, we summarize the evidence linking ASD with deficits in synaptic plasticity in rodent models of high-confidence ASD gene candidates. We then show that the high-confidence rodent models of ASD that show sleep deficits also display plasticity deficits. Given how important sleep is for critical period plasticity, it is essential to understand the connections between synaptic plasticity, sleep, and brain development in ASD. However, studies investigating sleep or plasticity during critical periods in ASD mouse models are lacking. Therefore, we highlight an urgent need to consider developmental trajectory in studies of sleep and plasticity in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Sarah Peterson
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Ford
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu S, Fan J, Tang F, Chen L, Zhang X, Xiao D, Li X. The role of RIM in neurotransmitter release: promotion of synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123561. [PMID: 37179554 PMCID: PMC10169678 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many special sites at the end of a synapse called active zones (AZs). Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with presynaptic membranes at these sites, and this fusion is an important step in neurotransmitter release. The cytomatrix in the active zone (CAZ) is made up of proteins such as the regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein (RIM), RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs), ELKS/CAST, Bassoon/Piccolo, Liprin-α, and Munc13-1. RIM is a scaffold protein that interacts with CAZ proteins and presynaptic functional components to affect the docking, priming, and fusion of SVs. RIM is believed to play an important role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters (NTs). In addition, abnormal expression of RIM has been detected in many diseases, such as retinal diseases, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and degenerative scoliosis. Therefore, we believe that studying the molecular structure of RIM and its role in neurotransmitter release will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter release and identify targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the aforementioned diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang QF, Xiao KW, Wang L, Yu QP, Xie Q, Poo MM, Wen Y. Neural Mechanism Underlying Task-Specific Enhancement of Motor Learning by Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:69-82. [PMID: 35908004 PMCID: PMC9849633 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal protocol for neuromodulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains unclear. Using the rotarod paradigm, we found that mouse motor learning was enhanced by anodal tDCS (3.2 mA/cm2) during but not before or after the performance of a task. Dual-task experiments showed that motor learning enhancement was specific to the task accompanied by anodal tDCS. Studies using a mouse model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion showed that concurrent anodal tDCS restored motor learning capability in a task-specific manner. Transcranial in vivo Ca2+ imaging further showed that anodal tDCS elevated and cathodal tDCS suppressed neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Anodal tDCS specifically promoted the activity of task-related M1 neurons during task performance, suggesting that elevated Hebbian synaptic potentiation in task-activated circuits accounts for the motor learning enhancement. Thus, application of tDCS concurrent with the targeted behavioral dysfunction could be an effective approach to treating brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ke-Wei Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yunqing Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
BYHW Decoction Improves Cognitive Impairments in Rats with Cerebral Microinfarcts via Activation of the PKA/CREB Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4455654. [PMID: 36620084 PMCID: PMC9822752 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4455654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) are characterized by sporadic obstruction of small vessels leading to neurons death. They are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairments and may have different risk factors compared with macroinfarcts. CMIs have a high incidence and result in heavy social burden; thus, it is essential to provide reasonable treatment in clinical practice. However, there are relatively few researches on the mechanism and treatment of CMIs, and the literature is composed almost exclusively of community-or hospital based on autopsy or imageological studies focusing on elderly patients. The Bu Yang Huan Wu (BYHW) decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has long been used to treat stroke and stroke-related diseases, including cognitive impairments. We applied microsphere-induced CMI model in rats to investigate the behavioral and molecular consequences of CMIs and to determine how they were ameliorated by BYHW decoction treatment. We then used the Morris water maze, quantitative proteomics, immunohistochemistry, and other molecular assays and found that activation of the PKA/CREB pathway by BYHW decoction treatment may reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibit apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and ameliorate CMI-induced cognitive impairments in rats. Collectively, these findings confirmed the therapeutic potential of the BYHW decoction in treating cognitive impairments induced by CMIs and demonstrated a viable mechanism for its action.
Collapse
|
11
|
Michetti C, Falace A, Benfenati F, Fassio A. Synaptic genes and neurodevelopmental disorders: From molecular mechanisms to developmental strategies of behavioral testing. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105856. [PMID: 36070836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptopathies are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by modification in genes coding for synaptic proteins. These proteins oversee the process of neurotransmission, mainly controlling the fusion and recycling of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal, the expression and localization of receptors at the postsynapse and the coupling between the pre- and the postsynaptic compartments. Murine models, with homozygous or heterozygous deletion for several synaptic genes or knock-in for specific pathogenic mutations, have been developed. They have proved to be extremely informative for understanding synaptic physiology, as well as for clarifying the patho-mechanisms leading to developmental delay, epilepsy and motor, cognitive and social impairments that are the most common clinical manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the onset of these disorders emerges during infancy and adolescence while the behavioral phenotyping is often conducted in adult mice, missing important information about the impact of synaptic development and maturation on the manifestation of the behavioral phenotype. Here, we review the main achievements obtained by behavioral testing in murine models of synaptopathies and propose a battery of behavioral tests to improve classification, diagnosis and efficacy of potential therapeutic treatments. Our aim is to underlie the importance of studying behavioral development and better focusing on disease onset and phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Michetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Falace
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Fassio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ablation of the Presynaptic Protein Mover Impairs Learning Performance and Decreases Anxiety Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911159. [PMID: 36232453 PMCID: PMC9569738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic protein Mover/TPRGL/SVAP30 is absent in Drosophila and C. elegans and differentially expressed in synapses in the rodent brain, suggesting that it confers specific functions to subtypes of presynaptic terminals. In order to investigate how the absence of this protein affects behavior and learning, Mover knockout mice (KO) were subjected to a series of established learning tests. To determine possible behavioral and cognitive alterations, male and female 8-week-old KO and C57Bl/6J wildtype (WT) control mice were tested in a battery of memory and anxiety tests. Testing included the cross maze, novel object recognition test (NOR), the Morris water maze (MWM), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the open field test (OF). Mover KO mice showed impaired recognition memory in the NOR test, and decreased anxiety behavior in the OF and the EPM. Mover KO did not lead to changes in working memory in the cross maze or spatial reference memory in the MWM. However, a detailed analysis of the swimming strategies demonstrated allocentric-specific memory deficits in male KO mice. Our data indicate that Mover appears to control synaptic properties associated with specific forms of memory formation and behavior, suggesting that it has a modulatory role in synaptic transmission.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lichter K, Paul MM, Pauli M, Schoch S, Kollmannsberger P, Stigloher C, Heckmann M, Sirén AL. Ultrastructural analysis of wild-type and RIM1α knockout active zones in a large cortical synapse. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111382. [PMID: 36130490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab3A-interacting molecule (RIM) is crucial for fast Ca2+-triggered synaptic vesicle (SV) release in presynaptic active zones (AZs). We investigated hippocampal giant mossy fiber bouton (MFB) AZ architecture in 3D using electron tomography of rapid cryo-immobilized acute brain slices in RIM1α-/- and wild-type mice. In RIM1α-/-, AZs are larger with increased synaptic cleft widths and a 3-fold reduced number of tightly docked SVs (0-2 nm). The distance of tightly docked SVs to the AZ center is increased from 110 to 195 nm, and the width of their electron-dense material between outer SV membrane and AZ membrane is reduced. Furthermore, the SV pool in RIM1α-/- is more heterogeneous. Thus, RIM1α, besides its role in tight SV docking, is crucial for synaptic architecture and vesicle pool organization in MFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lichter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mila Marie Paul
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Pauli
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology and Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Kollmannsberger
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Heckmann
- Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute for Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu G, Peng J, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, Corvol JC, Zhu F, Dong X, Maple-Grødem J, Campbell MC, Elbaz A, Lesage S, Brice A, Mangone G, Growdon JH, Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA, Hayes MT, Wills AM, Herrington TM, Ravina B, Shoulson I, Taba P, Kõks S, Beach TG, Cormier-Dequaire F, Alves G, Tysnes OB, Perlmutter JS, Heutink P, Amr SS, van Hilten JJ, Kasten M, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, Klein C, Barker RA, Williams-Gray CH, Marinus J, Scherzer CR. Genome-wide survival study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive progression in Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2021; 53:787-793. [PMID: 33958783 PMCID: PMC8459648 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A key driver of patients' well-being and clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the course that the disease takes over time (progression and prognosis). To assess how genetic variation influences the progression of PD over time to dementia, a major determinant for quality of life, we performed a longitudinal genome-wide survival study of 11.2 million variants in 3,821 patients with PD over 31,053 visits. We discover RIMS2 as a progression locus and confirm this in a replicate population (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.77, P = 2.78 × 10-11), identify suggestive evidence for TMEM108 (HR = 2.86, P = 2.09 × 10-8) and WWOX (HR = 2.12, P = 2.37 × 10-8) as progression loci, and confirm associations for GBA (HR = 1.93, P = 0.0002) and APOE (HR = 1.48, P = 0.001). Polygenic progression scores exhibit a substantial aggregate association with dementia risk, while polygenic susceptibility scores are not predictive. This study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive disease progression in PD and proposes diverging genetic architectures of progression and susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganqiang Liu
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Peng
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frank Zhu
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Paris-Saclay University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Inserm, Gustave Roussy, 'Exposome and heredity' team, Centre de researche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Hayes
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Herrington
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ira Shoulson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Institut National de Santé et en Recherche Médicale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Neurologie et de Génétique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guido Alves
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Program of Physical Therapy and Program of Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sami S Amr
- Translational Genomics Core of Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roger A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johan Marinus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Precision Neurology Program of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hidalgo S, Campusano JM, Hodge JJL. Assessing olfactory, memory, social and circadian phenotypes associated with schizophrenia in a genetic model based on Rim. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:292. [PMID: 34001859 PMCID: PMC8128896 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia shows high heritability and several of the genes associated with this disorder are involved in calcium (Ca2+) signalling and synaptic function. One of these is the Rab-3 interacting molecule-1 (RIM1), which has recently been associated with schizophrenia by Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). However, its contribution to the pathophysiology of this disorder remains unexplored. In this work, we use Drosophila mutants of the orthologue of RIM1, Rim, to model some aspects of the classical and non-classical symptoms of schizophrenia. Rim mutants showed several behavioural features relevant to schizophrenia including social distancing and altered olfactory processing. These defects were accompanied by reduced evoked Ca2+ influx and structural changes in the presynaptic terminals sent by the primary olfactory neurons to higher processing centres. In contrast, expression of Rim-RNAi in the mushroom bodies (MBs), the main memory centre in flies, spared learning and memory suggesting a differential role of Rim in different synapses. Circadian deficits have been reported in schizophrenia. We observed circadian locomotor activity deficits in Rim mutants, revealing a role of Rim in the pacemaker ventral lateral clock neurons (LNvs). These changes were accompanied by impaired day/night remodelling of dorsal terminal synapses from a subpopulation of LNvs and impaired day/night release of the circadian neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF) from these terminals. Lastly, treatment with the commonly used antipsychotic haloperidol rescued Rim locomotor deficits to wildtype. This work characterises the role of Rim in synaptic functions underlying behaviours disrupted in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jorge M Campusano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - James J L Hodge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Folci A, Mirabella F, Fossati M. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins in the Critical Equilibrium between Synapse Physiology and Intellectual Disability. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0137-20.2020. [PMID: 32719102 PMCID: PMC7544190 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent a dynamic regulatory system that precisely modulates the functional organization of synapses. PTMs consist in target modifications by small chemical moieties or conjugation of lipids, sugars or polypeptides. Among them, ubiquitin and a large family of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) share several features such as the structure of the small protein modifiers, the enzymatic cascades mediating the conjugation process, and the targeted aminoacidic residue. In the brain, ubiquitination and two UBLs, namely sumoylation and the recently discovered neddylation orchestrate fundamental processes including synapse formation, maturation and plasticity, and their alteration is thought to contribute to the development of neurological disorders. Remarkably, emerging evidence suggests that these pathways tightly interplay to modulate the function of several proteins that possess pivotal roles for brain homeostasis as well as failure of this crosstalk seems to be implicated in the development of brain pathologies. In this review, we outline the role of ubiquitination, sumoylation, neddylation, and their functional interplay in synapse physiology and discuss their implication in the molecular pathogenesis of intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disorder that is frequently comorbid with a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. Finally, we propose a few outlooks that might contribute to better understand the complexity of these regulatory systems in regard to neuronal circuit pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Folci
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Filippo Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve 9 Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Early Restoration of Shank3 Expression in Shank3 Knock-Out Mice Prevents Core ASD-Like Behavioral Phenotypes. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0332-19.2020. [PMID: 32327468 PMCID: PMC7294460 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0332-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes are associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), neurodevelopmental disorders that present with repetitive movements and restricted interests along with deficits in social interaction/communication. While genetic alterations associated with ASD are present early in life, ASD-like behaviors are difficult to detect in early infancy. This raises the issue of whether reversal of an ASD-associated genetic alteration early in life can prevent the onset of ASD-like behaviors. Genetic alterations of SHANK3, a well-characterized gene encoding a postsynaptic scaffolding protein, are estimated to contribute to ∼0.5% of ASD and remain one of the more replicated and well-characterized genetic defects in ASD. Here, we investigate whether early genetic reversal of a Shank3 mutation can prevent the onset of ASD-like behaviors in a mouse model. Previously, we have demonstrated that mice deficient in Shank3 display a wide range of behavioral abnormalities such as repetitive grooming, social deficits, anxiety, and motor abnormalities. In this study, we replicate many of these behaviors in Shank3 mutant mice. With early genetic restoration of wild-type (WT) Shank3, we rescue behaviors including repetitive grooming and social, locomotor, and rearing deficits. Our findings support the idea that the underlying mechanisms involving ASD behaviors in mice deficient in Shank3 are susceptible to early genetic correction of Shank3 mutations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Barthet G, Mulle C. Presynaptic failure in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101801. [PMID: 32428558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic loss is the best correlate of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extensive experimental evidence also indicates alterations of synaptic properties at the early stages of disease progression, before synapse loss and neuronal degeneration. A majority of studies in mouse models of AD have focused on post-synaptic mechanisms, including impairment of long-term plasticity, spine structure and glutamate receptor-mediated transmission. Here we review the literature indicating that the synaptic pathology in AD includes a strong presynaptic component. We describe the evidence indicating presynaptic physiological functions of the major molecular players in AD. These include the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the two presenilin (PS) paralogs PS1 or PS2, genetically linked to the early-onset form of AD, in addition to tau which accumulates in a pathological form in the AD brain. Three main mechanisms participating in presynaptic functions are highlighted. APP fragments bind to presynaptic receptors (e.g. nAChRs and GABAB receptors), presenilins control Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+-sensors, and tau regulates the localization of presynaptic molecules and synaptic vesicles. We then discuss how impairment of these presynaptic physiological functions can explain or forecast the hallmarks of synaptic impairment and associated dysfunction of neuronal circuits in AD. Beyond the physiological roles of the AD-related proteins, studies in AD brains also support preferential presynaptic alteration. This review features presynaptic failure as a strong component of pathological mechanisms in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael Barthet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, University of Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nebuka M, Ohmura Y, Izawa S, Bouchekioua Y, Nishitani N, Yoshida T, Yoshioka M. Behavioral characteristics of 5-HT2C receptor knockout mice: Locomotor activity, anxiety-, and fear memory-related behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Apparent Genetic Rescue of Adult Shank3 Exon 21 Insertion Mutation Mice Tempered by Appropriate Control Experiments. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0317-19.2019. [PMID: 31451607 PMCID: PMC6774147 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0317-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SHANK3 (ProSAP2) is among the most common genes mutated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is the causative gene in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). We performed genetic rescue of Shank3 mutant phenotypes in adult mice expressing a Shank3 exon 21 insertion mutation (Shank3G ). We used a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system (CreTam ) to revert Shank3G to wild-type (WT) Shank3+/+ We found that tamoxifen treatment in adult Shank3GCreTam+ mice resulted in complete rescue of SHANK3 protein expression in the brain and appeared to rescue synaptic transmission and some behavioral differences compared to Shank3+/+CreTam+ controls. However, follow-up comparisons between vehicle-treated, WT Cre-negative mice (Shank3+/+CreTam- and Shank3+/+CreTam+) demonstrated clear effects of CreTam on baseline synaptic transmission and some behaviors, making apparently positive genetic reversal effects difficult to interpret. Thus, while the CreTam tamoxifen-inducible system is a powerful tool that successfully rescues Shank3 expression in our Shank3G/G reversible mutants, one must exercise caution and use appropriate control comparisons to ensure sound interpretation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Electroacupuncture Mitigates Hippocampal Cognitive Impairments by Reducing BACE1 Deposition and Activating PKA in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:2823679. [PMID: 31223308 PMCID: PMC6541940 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2823679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition is thought to be the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the key protein involved in Aβ peptide generation. Excessive expression of BACE1 might cause overproduction of neurotoxins in the central nervous system. Previous studies indicated that BACE1 initially cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and may subsequently interfere with physiological functions of proteins such as PKA, which is recognized to be closely associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) level and can effectively ameliorate cognitive impairments. Therefore, revealing the underlying mechanism of BACE1 in the pathogenesis of AD might have a significant impact on the future development of therapeutic agents targeting dementia. This study examined the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on BACE1, APP, and p-PKA protein levels in hippocampal tissue samples. Memory and learning abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze test after EA intervention. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were employed to assess the distribution patterns and expression levels of BACE1, APP, and p-PKA, respectively. The results showed the downregulation of BACE1 and APP and the activation of PKA by EA. In summary, EA treatment might reduce BACE1 deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and regulate PKA and its associated substrates, such as LTP to change memory and learning abilities.
Collapse
|
22
|
Active Zone Proteins RIM1αβ Are Required for Normal Corticostriatal Transmission and Action Control. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1457-1470. [PMID: 30559150 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1940-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of synaptic transmission at cortical inputs to the dorsal striatum is considered critical for flexible and efficient action learning and control. Presynaptic mechanisms governing the properties and plasticity of glutamate release from these inputs are not fully understood, and the corticostriatal synaptic processes that support normal action learning and control remain unclear. Here we show in male and female mice that conditional deletion of presynaptic proteins RIM1αβ (RIM1) from excitatory cortical neurons impairs corticostriatal synaptic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum. Key forms of presynaptic G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated short- and long-term striatal plasticity are spared following RIM1 deletion. Conditional RIM1 KO mice show heightened novelty-induced locomotion and impaired motor learning on the accelerating rotarod. They further show heightened self-paced instrumental responding for food and impaired learning of a habitual instrumental response strategy. Together, these findings reveal a selective role for presynaptic RIM1 in neurotransmitter release at prominent basal ganglia synapses, and provide evidence that RIM1-dependent processes help to promote the refinement of skilled actions, constrain goal-directed behaviors, and support the learning and use of habits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our daily functioning hinges on the ability to flexibly and efficiently learn and control our actions. How the brain encodes these capacities is unclear. Here we identified a selective role for presynaptic proteins RIM1αβ in controlling glutamate release from cortical inputs to the dorsolateral striatum, a brain structure critical for action learning and control. Behavioral analysis of mice with restricted genetic deletion of RIM1αβ further revealed roles for RIM1αβ-dependent processes in the learning and refinement of motor skills and the balanced expression of goal-directed and habitual actions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Postsynaptic RIM1 modulates synaptic function by facilitating membrane delivery of recycling NMDARs in hippocampal neurons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2267. [PMID: 29891949 PMCID: PMC5995852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are crucial for excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. The number and subunit composition of synaptic NMDARs are tightly controlled by neuronal activity and sensory experience, but the molecular mechanism mediating NMDAR trafficking remains poorly understood. Here, we report that RIM1, with a well-established role in presynaptic vesicle release, also localizes postsynaptically in the mouse hippocampus. Postsynaptic RIM1 in hippocampal CA1 region is required for basal NMDAR-, but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-, mediated synaptic responses, and contributes to synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory. Moreover, RIM1 levels in hippocampal neurons influence both the constitutive and regulated NMDAR trafficking, without affecting constitutive AMPAR trafficking. We further demonstrate that RIM1 binds to Rab11 via its N terminus, and knockdown of RIM1 impairs membrane insertion of Rab11-positive recycling endosomes containing NMDARs. Together, these results identify a RIM1-dependent mechanism critical for modulating synaptic function by facilitating membrane delivery of recycling NMDARs. Rab3-interacting molecules (RIMs) are a key component of the presynaptic active zone that regulate neurotransmitter release. Here, the authors show that RIM1 also has postsynaptic function to organize NMDA receptors and synaptic response.
Collapse
|
24
|
Luo J, Norris RH, Gordon SL, Nithianantharajah J. Neurodevelopmental synaptopathies: Insights from behaviour in rodent models of synapse gene mutations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:424-439. [PMID: 29217145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genomic revolution has begun to unveil the enormous complexity and heterogeneity of the genetic basis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as such epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Increasingly, human mutations in synapse genes are being identified across these disorders. These neurodevelopmental synaptopathies highlight synaptic homeostasis pathways as a convergence point underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we review some of the key pre- and postsynaptic genes in which penetrant human mutations have been identified in neurodevelopmental disorders for which genetic rodent models have been generated. Specifically, we focus on the main behavioural phenotypes that have been documented in these animal models, to consolidate our current understanding of how synapse genes regulate key behavioural and cognitive domains. These studies provide insights into better understanding the basis of the overlapping genetic and cognitive heterogeneity observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - R H Norris
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S L Gordon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - J Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen BJ, Huang S, Janitz M. Changes in circular RNA expression patterns during human foetal brain development. Genomics 2018; 111:753-758. [PMID: 29709512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently identified class of long non-coding RNAs and their expression is regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner. Recent studies indicate the potential regulatory role that circRNAs may have, particularly in the brain, where they are most abundant. This study aims to elucidate changes in circRNA patterns during human embryonic brain development. We detected a number of differentially expressed genes that showed distinct expression profiles for circular and linear transcripts despite having originated from the same genes, implicating a dichotomy in the regulation of these two RNA species. Altogether our study showed that circular and linear RNAs have independent expression patterns, and that circular transcriptomes from different developing stages have distinct characteristics in terms of transcript abundance and isoform diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jun Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suleigh Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Monday HR, Younts TJ, Castillo PE. Long-Term Plasticity of Neurotransmitter Release: Emerging Mechanisms and Contributions to Brain Function and Disease. Annu Rev Neurosci 2018; 41:299-322. [PMID: 29709205 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-062155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting changes of brain function in response to experience rely on diverse forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Chief among them are long-term potentiation and long-term depression of neurotransmitter release, which are widely expressed by excitatory and inhibitory synapses throughout the central nervous system and can dynamically regulate information flow in neural circuits. This review article explores recent advances in presynaptic long-term plasticity mechanisms and contributions to circuit function. Growing evidence indicates that presynaptic plasticity may involve structural changes, presynaptic protein synthesis, and transsynaptic signaling. Presynaptic long-term plasticity can alter the short-term dynamics of neurotransmitter release, thereby contributing to circuit computations such as novelty detection, modifications of the excitatory/inhibitory balance, and sensory adaptation. In addition, presynaptic long-term plasticity underlies forms of learning and its dysregulation participates in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, autism, intellectual disabilities, neurodegenerative diseases, and drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Monday
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA;
| | - Thomas J Younts
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
ATP6AP2 over-expression causes morphological alterations in the hippocampus and in hippocampus-related behaviour. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2287-2302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
Chen X, Wang X, Tang L, Wang J, Shen C, Liu J, Lu S, Zhang H, Kuang Y, Fei J, Wang Z. Nhe5 deficiency enhances learning and memory via upregulating Bdnf/TrkB signaling in mice. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:828-838. [PMID: 28981195 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nhe5, a Na+ /H+ exchanger, is predominantly expressed in brain tissue and is proposed to act as a negative regulator of dendritic spine growth. Up to now, its physiological function in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that Nhe5-deficient mice exhibit markedly enhanced learning and memory in Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance task. Meanwhile, the pre- and post-synaptic components, synaptophysin (Syn) and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) expression levels were found increased in hippocampal regions lacking of Nhe5, suggesting a possible alterations in neuronal synaptic structure and function in Nhe5-/- mice. Further study reveals that Nhe5 deficiency leads to higher Bdnf expression levels, followed by increased phosphorylated TrkB and PLCγ levels, indicating that Bdnf/TrkB signaling is activated due to Nhe5 deficiency. Moreover, the corresponding brain regions of Nhe5-/- mice display elevated ERK/CaMKII/CREB phosphorylation levels. Taken together, these findings uncover a novel physiological function of Nhe5 in regulating learning and memory, further implying Nhe5 as a potential therapeutic target for improving cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kctd13 deletion reduces synaptic transmission via increased RhoA. Nature 2017; 551:227-231. [PMID: 29088697 DOI: 10.1038/nature24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variants of chromosome 16 region 16p11.2 are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and are among the most prevalent in autism spectrum disorders. Of many 16p11.2 genes, Kctd13 has been implicated as a major driver of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The function of KCTD13 in the mammalian brain, however, remains unknown. Here we delete the Kctd13 gene in mice and demonstrate reduced synaptic transmission. Reduced synaptic transmission correlates with increased levels of Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), a KCTD13/CUL3 ubiquitin ligase substrate, and is reversed by RhoA inhibition, suggesting increased RhoA as an important mechanism. In contrast to a previous knockdown study, deletion of Kctd13 or kctd13 does not increase brain size or neurogenesis in mice or zebrafish, respectively. These findings implicate Kctd13 in the regulation of neuronal function relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders and clarify the role of Kctd13 in neurogenesis and brain size. Our data also reveal a potential role for RhoA as a therapeutic target in disorders associated with KCTD13 deletion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jaramillo TC, Escamilla CO, Liu S, Peca L, Birnbaum SG, Powell CM. Genetic background effects in Neuroligin-3 mutant mice: Minimal behavioral abnormalities on C57 background. Autism Res 2017; 11:234-244. [PMID: 29028156 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion protein that interacts with presynaptic ligands including neurexin-1 (NRXN1) [Ichtchenko et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 2676-2682, 1996]. Mice harboring a mutation in the NLGN3 gene (NL3R451C) mimicking a mutation found in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were previously generated and behaviorally phenotyped for autism-related behaviors. In these NL3R451C mice generated and tested on a hybrid C57BL6J/129S2/SvPasCrl background, we observed enhanced spatial memory and reduced social interaction [Tabuchi et al., Science, 318, 71-76, 2007]. Curiously, an independently generated second line of mice harboring the same mutation on a C57BL6J background exhibited minimal aberrant behavior, thereby providing apparently discrepant results. To investigate the origin of the discrepancy, we previously replicated the original findings of Tabuchi et al. by studying the same NL3R451C mutation on a pure 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background. Here we complete the behavioral characterization of the NL3R451C mutation on a pure C57BL6J genetic background to determine if background genetics play a role in the discrepant behavioral outcomes involving NL3R451C mice. NL3R451C mutant mice on a pure C57BL6J background did not display spatial memory enhancements or social interaction deficits. We only observed a decreased startle response and mildly increased locomotor activity in these mice suggesting that background genetics influences behavioral outcomes involving the NL3R451C mutation. Autism Res 2018, 11: 234-244. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Behavioral symptoms of autism can be highly variable, even in cases that involve identical genetic mutations. Previous studies in mice with a mutation of the Neuroligin-3 gene showed enhanced learning and social deficits. We replicated these findings on the same and different genetic backgrounds. In this study, however, the same mutation in mice on a different genetic background did not reproduce our previous findings. Our results suggest that genetic background influences behavioral symptoms of this autism-associated mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jaramillo
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813
| | - Christine Ochoa Escamilla
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813
| | - Lauren Peca
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9170
| | - Shari G Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9170
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8813.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9170.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390.,Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lim CS, Nam HJ, Lee J, Kim D, Choi JE, Kang SJ, Kim S, Kim H, Kwak C, Shim KW, Kim S, Ko HG, Lee RU, Jang EH, Yoo J, Shim J, Islam MA, Lee YS, Lee JH, Baek SH, Kaang BK. PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of LSD1 is required for presynaptic plasticity and hippocampal learning and memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4912. [PMID: 28687800 PMCID: PMC5501860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that participates in transcriptional repression or activation. Recent studies reported that LSD1 is involved in learning and memory. Although LSD1 phosphorylation by PKCα was implicated in circadian rhythmicity, the importance of LSD1 phosphorylation in learning and memory is unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of LSD1 in synaptic plasticity and memory using Lsd1 SA/SA knock-in (KI) mice, in which a PKCα phosphorylation site is mutated. Interestingly, short-term and long-term contextual fear memory as well as spatial memory were impaired in Lsd1 KI mice. In addition, short-term synaptic plasticity, such as paired pulse ratio and post-tetanic potentiation was impaired, whereas long-term synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation and long-term depression, was normal. Moreover, the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current was significantly increased, suggesting presynaptic dysfunction in Lsd1 KI mice. Consistent with this, RNA-seq analysis using the hippocampus of Lsd1 KI mice showed significant alterations in the expressions of presynaptic function-related genes. Intriguingly, LSD1n-SA mutant showed diminished binding to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) compared to LSD1n-WT in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that LSD1 is involved in the regulation of presynaptic gene expression and subsequently regulates the hippocampus-dependent memory in phosphorylation-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Seok Lim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Nam
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongha Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Choi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - SukJae Joshua Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyopil Kim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chuljung Kwak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Shim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Siyong Kim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ro Un Lee
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Jang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Juyoun Yoo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Shim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Torres VI, Inestrosa NC. Vertebrate Presynaptic Active Zone Assembly: a Role Accomplished by Diverse Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4513-4528. [PMID: 28685386 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among all the biological systems in vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex, and its function depends on specialized contacts among neurons called synapses. The assembly and organization of synapses must be exquisitely regulated for a normal brain function and network activity. There has been a tremendous effort in recent decades to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the formation of new synapses and their organization, maintenance, and regulation. At the vertebrate presynapses, proteins such as Piccolo, Bassoon, RIM, RIM-BPs, CAST/ELKS, liprin-α, and Munc13 are constant residents and participate in multiple and dynamic interactions with other regulatory proteins, which define network activity and normal brain function. Here, we review the function of these active zone (AZ) proteins and diverse factors involved in AZ assembly and maintenance, with an emphasis on axonal trafficking of precursor vesicles, protein homo- and hetero-oligomeric interactions as a mechanism of AZ trapping and stabilization, and the role of F-actin in presynaptic assembly and its modulation by Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana I Torres
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hussain RZ, Miller-Little WA, Lambracht-Washington D, Jaramillo TC, Takahashi M, Zhang S, Fu M, Cutter GR, Hayardeny L, Powell CM, Rosenberg RN, Stüve O. Laquinimod has no effects on brain volume or cellular CNS composition in the F1 3xTg-AD/C3H mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 309:100-110. [PMID: 28601278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laquinimod is an anti-inflammatory agent with good central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability, and neuroprotective and myelorestorative properties. A clinical trial in patients with multiple sclerosis demonstrated that laquinimod significantly reduced loss of brain volume. The cellular substrate or molecular events underlying that treatment effect are unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore laquinimod's potential effects on brain volume, animal behavior, cellular numbers and composition of CNS-intrinsic cells and mononuclear cells within the CNS, amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and tau phosphorylation in the F1 3xTg-AD/C3H mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Utilizing a dose response study design, four months old F1 3xTg-AD/C3H mice were treated for 10months between ages 4 and 14months with laquinimod (5, 10, or 25mg/kg), or PBS administered by oral gavage. Brain volumes were measured in a 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imager (MRI) at ages 4 and 14months. Behavioral testing included locomotor and rearing activity and the Morris water maze task. Cell numbers and immunophenotypes were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the F1 3xTg-AD/C3H animal model of AD, there was no detectable reduction of brain volume over a period of 10months of treatment, as there was not brain atrophy in any of the placebo or treatment groups. Laquinimod had no detectable effects on most neurobehavioral outcomes. The number or composition of CNS intrinsic cells and mononuclear subsets isolated from the CNS were not altered by laquinimod. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration that there are no age-associated brain volume changes in the F1 3xTg-AD/C3H mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, laquinimod had no effect on that outcome of this study. Most secondary outcomes on the effects of laquinimod on behavior and the number and composition of CNS-intrinsic cells and mononuclear cells within the CNS were also negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Z Hussain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - William A Miller-Little
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Doris Lambracht-Washington
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Tom C Jaramillo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA; Advanced Imaging Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Gary R Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany; Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jaramillo TC, Speed HE, Xuan Z, Reimers JM, Escamilla CO, Weaver TP, Liu S, Filonova I, Powell CM. Novel Shank3 mutant exhibits behaviors with face validity for autism and altered striatal and hippocampal function. Autism Res 2016; 10:42-65. [PMID: 27492494 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations/deletions in the SHANK3 gene are associated with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Here, we present electrophysiological and behavioral consequences in novel heterozygous and homozygous mice with a transcriptional stop cassette inserted upstream of the PDZ domain-coding exons in Shank3 (Shank3E13 ). Insertion of a transcriptional stop cassette prior to exon 13 leads to loss of the two higher molecular weight isoforms of Shank3. Behaviorally, both Shank3E13 heterozygous (HET) and homozygous knockout (KO) mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in social interaction tasks, and decreased rearing. Shank3E13 KO mice also display deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze task. Baseline hippocampal synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity are preserved in Shank3E13 HET and KO mice, while both HET and KO mice exhibit impaired hippocampal long-term plasticity. Additionally, Shank3E13 HET and KO mice display impaired striatal glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results demonstrate for the first time in this novel Shank3 mutant that both homozygous and heterozygous mutation of Shank3 lead to behavioral abnormalities with face validity for autism along with widespread synaptic dysfunction. Autism Res 2017, 10: 42-65. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jaramillo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Haley E Speed
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhong Xuan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeremy M Reimers
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christine Ochoa Escamilla
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Travis P Weaver
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Irina Filonova
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Morphological and behavioral characterization of adult mice deficient for SrGAP3. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:1-11. [PMID: 27184948 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SrGAP3 belongs to the family of Rho GTPase proteins. These proteins are thought to play essential roles in development and in the plasticity of the nervous system. SrGAP3-deficient mice have recently been created and approximately 10 % of these mice developed a hydrocephalus and died shortly after birth. The others survived into adulthood, but displayed neuroanatomical alteration, including increased ventricular size. We now show that SrGAP3-deficient mice display increased brain weight together with increased hippocampal volume. This increase was accompanied by an increase of the thickness of the stratum oriens of area CA1 as well as of the thickness of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). Concerning hippocampal adult neurogenesis, we observed no significant change in the number of proliferating cells. The density of doublecortin-positive cells also did not vary between SrGAP3-deficient mice and controls. By analyzing Golgi-impregnated material, we found that, in SrGAP3-deficient mice, the morphology and number of dendritic spines was not altered in the DG. Likewise, a Sholl-analysis revealed no significant changes concerning dendritic complexity as compared to controls. Despite the distinct morphological alterations in the hippocampus, SrGAP3-deficient mice were relatively inconspicuous in their behavior, not only in the open-field, nest building but also in the Morris water-maze. However, the SrGAP3-deficient mice showed little to no interest in burying marbles; a behavior that is seen in some animal models related to autism, supporting the view that SrGAP3 plays a role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
36
|
Jaramillo TC, Speed HE, Xuan Z, Reimers JM, Liu S, Powell CM. Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour in Shank3 Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism. Autism Res 2015; 9:350-75. [PMID: 26559786 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Shank3 is a multi-domain, synaptic scaffolding protein that organizes proteins in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Clinical studies suggest that ∼ 0.5% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases may involve SHANK3 mutation/deletion. Patients with SHANK3 mutations exhibit deficits in cognition along with delayed/impaired speech/language and repetitive and obsessive/compulsive-like (OCD-like) behaviors. To examine how mutation/deletion of SHANK3 might alter brain function leading to ASD, we have independently created mice with deletion of Shank3 exons 4-9, a region implicated in ASD patients. We find that homozygous deletion of exons 4-9 (Shank3(e4-9) KO) results in loss of the two highest molecular weight isoforms of Shank3 and a significant reduction in other isoforms. Behaviorally, both Shank3(e4-9) heterozygous (HET) and Shank3(e4-9) KO mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in novel and spatial object recognition learning and memory, and abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations. Shank3(e4-9) KO mice also display abnormal social interaction when paired with one another. Analysis of synaptosome fractions from striata of Shank3(e4-9) KO mice reveals decreased Homer1b/c, GluA2, and GluA3 expression. Both Shank3(e4-9) HET and KO demonstrated a significant reduction in NMDA/AMPA ratio at excitatory synapses onto striatal medium spiny neurons. Furthermore, Shank3(e4-9) KO mice displayed reduced hippocampal LTP despite normal baseline synaptic transmission. Collectively these behavioral, biochemical and physiological changes suggest Shank3 isoforms have region-specific roles in regulation of AMPAR subunit localization and NMDAR function in the Shank3(e4-9) mutant mouse model of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jaramillo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Haley E Speed
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhong Xuan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeremy M Reimers
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Watabe AM, Nagase M, Hagiwara A, Hida Y, Tsuji M, Ochiai T, Kato F, Ohtsuka T. SAD-B kinase regulates pre-synaptic vesicular dynamics at hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses and affects contextual fear memory. J Neurochem 2015; 136:36-47. [PMID: 26444684 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapses of amphids defective (SAD)-A/B kinases control various steps in neuronal development and differentiation, such as axon specifications and maturation in central and peripheral nervous systems. At mature pre-synaptic terminals, SAD-B is associated with synaptic vesicles and the active zone cytomatrix; however, how SAD-B regulates neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in vivo remains unclear. Thus, we used SAD-B knockout (KO) mice to study the function of this pre-synaptic kinase in the brain. We found that the paired-pulse ratio was significantly enhanced at Shaffer collateral synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region in SAD-B KO mice compared with wild-type littermates. We also found that the frequency of the miniature excitatory post-synaptic current was decreased in SAD-B KO mice. Moreover, synaptic depression following prolonged low-frequency synaptic stimulation was significantly enhanced in SAD-B KO mice. These results suggest that SAD-B kinase regulates vesicular release probability at pre-synaptic terminals and is involved in vesicular trafficking and/or regulation of the readily releasable pool size. Finally, we found that hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning was significantly impaired in SAD-B KO mice. These observations suggest that SAD-B kinase plays pivotal roles in controlling vesicular release properties and regulating hippocampal function in the mature brain. Synapses of amphids defective (SAD)-A/B kinases control various steps in neuronal development and differentiation, but their roles in mature brains were only partially known. Here, we demonstrated, at mature pre-synaptic terminals, that SAD-B regulates vesicular release probability and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning was significantly impaired in SAD-B KO mice, suggesting that SAD-B kinase plays pivotal roles in controlling vesicular release properties and regulating hippocampal function in the mature brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako M Watabe
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagase
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yamato Hida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuji
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Ochiai
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mice Lacking the Serotonin Htr2B Receptor Gene Present an Antipsychotic-Sensitive Schizophrenic-Like Phenotype. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2764-73. [PMID: 25936642 PMCID: PMC4864652 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity and hyperactivity share common ground with numerous mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Recently, a population-specific serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) receptor stop codon (ie, HTR2B Q20*) was reported to segregate with severely impulsive individuals, whereas 5-HT2B mutant (Htr2B(-/-)) mice also showed high impulsivity. Interestingly, in the same cohort, early-onset schizophrenia was more prevalent in HTR2B Q*20 carriers. However, the putative role of 5-HT2B receptor in the neurobiology of schizophrenia has never been investigated. We assessed the effects of the genetic and the pharmacological ablation of 5-HT2B receptors in mice subjected to a comprehensive series of behavioral test screenings for schizophrenic-like symptoms and investigated relevant dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurochemical alterations in the cortex and the striatum. Domains related to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptom clusters of schizophrenia were affected in Htr2B(-/-) mice, as shown by deficits in sensorimotor gating, in selective attention, in social interactions, and in learning and memory processes. In addition, Htr2B(-/-) mice presented with enhanced locomotor response to the psychostimulants dizocilpine and amphetamine, and with robust alterations in sleep architecture. Moreover, ablation of 5-HT2B receptors induced a region-selective decrease of dopamine and glutamate concentrations in the dorsal striatum. Importantly, selected schizophrenic-like phenotypes and endophenotypes were rescued by chronic haloperidol treatment. We report herein that 5-HT2B receptor deficiency confers a wide spectrum of antipsychotic-sensitive schizophrenic-like behavioral and psychopharmacological phenotypes in mice and provide first evidence for a role of 5-HT2B receptors in the neurobiology of psychotic disorders.
Collapse
|
39
|
Autism-Associated Insertion Mutation (InsG) of Shank3 Exon 21 Causes Impaired Synaptic Transmission and Behavioral Deficits. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9648-65. [PMID: 26134648 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3125-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SHANK3 (also known as PROSAP2) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses in which mutations and deletions have been implicated in patients with idiopathic autism, Phelan-McDermid (aka 22q13 microdeletion) syndrome, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we have created a novel mouse model of human autism caused by the insertion of a single guanine nucleotide into exon 21 (Shank3(G)). The resulting frameshift causes a premature STOP codon and loss of major higher molecular weight Shank3 isoforms at the synapse. Shank3(G/G) mice exhibit deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, impaired motor coordination, altered response to novelty, and sensory processing deficits. At the cellular level, Shank3(G/G) mice also exhibit impaired hippocampal excitatory transmission and plasticity as well as changes in baseline NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. This work identifies clear alterations in synaptic function and behavior in a novel, genetically accurate mouse model of autism mimicking an autism-associated insertion mutation. Furthermore, these findings lay the foundation for future studies aimed to validate and study region-selective and temporally selective genetic reversal studies in the Shank3(G/G) mouse that was engineered with such future experiments in mind.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mapelli L, Pagani M, Garrido JA, D'Angelo E. Integrated plasticity at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the cerebellar circuit. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:169. [PMID: 25999817 PMCID: PMC4419603 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The way long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are integrated within the different synapses of brain neuronal circuits is poorly understood. In order to progress beyond the identification of specific molecular mechanisms, a system in which multiple forms of plasticity can be correlated with large-scale neural processing is required. In this paper we take as an example the cerebellar network, in which extensive investigations have revealed LTP and LTD at several excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Cerebellar LTP and LTD occur in all three main cerebellar subcircuits (granular layer, molecular layer, deep cerebellar nuclei) and correspondingly regulate the function of their three main neurons: granule cells (GrCs), Purkinje cells (PCs) and deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) cells. All these neurons, in addition to be excited, are reached by feed-forward and feed-back inhibitory connections, in which LTP and LTD may either operate synergistically or homeostatically in order to control information flow through the circuit. Although the investigation of individual synaptic plasticities in vitro is essential to prove their existence and mechanisms, it is insufficient to generate a coherent view of their impact on network functioning in vivo. Recent computational models and cell-specific genetic mutations in mice are shedding light on how plasticity at multiple excitatory and inhibitory synapses might regulate neuronal activities in the cerebellar circuit and contribute to learning and memory and behavioral control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy ; Museo Storico Della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pagani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy ; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus A Garrido
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute Pavia, Italy ; Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada Granada, Spain
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy ; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cohan CH, Neumann JT, Dave KR, Alekseyenko A, Binkert M, Stransky K, Lin HW, Barnes CA, Wright CB, Perez-Pinzon MA. Effect of cardiac arrest on cognitive impairment and hippocampal plasticity in middle-aged rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124918. [PMID: 25933411 PMCID: PMC4416883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States that usually occurs in the aged population. Cardiac arrest (CA) induces global ischemia, disrupting global cerebral circulation that results in ischemic brain injury and leads to cognitive impairments in survivors. Ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the hippocampus following CA can result in the impairment of cognitive function including spatial memory. In the present study, we used a model of asphyxial CA (ACA) in nine month old male Fischer 344 rats to investigate cognitive and synaptic deficits following mild global cerebral ischemia. These experiments were performed with the goals of 1) establishing a model of CA in nine month old middle-aged rats; and 2) to test the hypothesis that learning and memory deficits develop following mild global cerebral ischemia in middle-aged rats. To test this hypothesis, spatial memory assays (Barnes circular platform maze and contextual fear conditioning) and field recordings (long-term potentiation and paired-pulse facilitation) were performed. We show that following ACA in nine month old middle-aged rats, there is significant impairment in spatial memory formation, paired-pulse facilitation n dysfunction, and a reduction in the number of non-compromised hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 and subiculum neurons. In conclusion, nine month old animals undergoing cardiac arrest have impaired survival, deficits in spatial memory formation, and synaptic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Cohan
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jake T. Neumann
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Alekseyenko
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marc Binkert
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Stransky
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute; ARL Division of Neural Systems, Memory & Aging; Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kaeser PS. Pushing synaptic vesicles over the RIM. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 1:106-110. [PMID: 21922075 DOI: 10.4161/cl.1.3.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In a presynaptic nerve terminal, neurotransmitter release is largely restricted to specialized sites called active zones. Active zones consist of a complex protein network, and they organize fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane in response to action potentials. Rab3-interacting molecules (RIMs) are central components of active zones. In a recent series of experiments, we have systematically dissected the molecular mechanisms by which RIMs operate in synaptic vesicle release. We found that RIMs execute two critical functions of active zones by virtue of independent protein domains. They tether presyanptic Ca(2+) channels to the active zone, and they activate priming of synaptic vesicles by monomerizing homodimeric, constitutively inactive Munc13. These data indicate that RIMs orchestrate synaptic vesicle release into a coherent process. In conjunction with previous studies, they suggest that RIMs form a molecular platform on which plasticity of synaptic vesicle release can operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S Kaeser
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation & Translational Neurosciences; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Stanford University; Stanford, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dong S, Walker MF, Carriero NJ, DiCola M, Willsey AJ, Ye AY, Waqar Z, Gonzalez LE, Overton JD, Frahm S, Keaney JF, Teran NA, Dea J, Mandell JD, Hus Bal V, Sullivan CA, DiLullo NM, Khalil RO, Gockley J, Yuksel Z, Sertel SM, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gupta AR, Mane SM, Sheldon M, Brooks AI, Roeder K, Devlin B, State MW, Wei L, Sanders SJ. De novo insertions and deletions of predominantly paternal origin are associated with autism spectrum disorder. Cell Rep 2014; 9:16-23. [PMID: 25284784 PMCID: PMC4194132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have demonstrated the contribution of de novo loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, challenges in the reliable detection of de novo insertions and deletions (indels) have limited inclusion of these variants in prior analyses. By applying a robust indel detection method to WES data from 787 ASD families (2,963 individuals), we demonstrate that de novo frameshift indels contribute to ASD risk (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.7; p = 0.03), are more common in female probands (p = 0.02), are enriched among genes encoding FMRP targets (p = 6 × 10(-9)), and arise predominantly on the paternal chromosome (p < 0.001). On the basis of mutation rates in probands versus unaffected siblings, we conclude that de novo frameshift indels contribute to risk in approximately 3% of individuals with ASD. Finally, by observing clustering of mutations in unrelated probands, we uncover two ASD-associated genes: KMT2E (MLL5), a chromatin regulator, and RIMS1, a regulator of synaptic vesicle release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Dong
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael F Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas J Carriero
- Biomedical High Performance Computing Center, W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael DiCola
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - A Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam Y Ye
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zainulabedin Waqar
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luis E Gonzalez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John D Overton
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Stephanie Frahm
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicole A Teran
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeanselle Dea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Mandell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vanessa Hus Bal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Catherine A Sullivan
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicholas M DiLullo
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rehab O Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, National Research Center, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Jake Gockley
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zafer Yuksel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara 06010, Turkey
| | - Sinem M Sertel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - A Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Neurogenetics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Abha R Gupta
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael Sheldon
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Road, Room 136, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrew I Brooks
- Bionomics Research and Technology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Liping Wei
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Haws ME, Jaramillo TC, Espinosa F, Widman AJ, Stuber GD, Sparta DR, Tye KM, Russo SJ, Parada LF, Stavarache M, Kaplitt M, Bonci A, Powell CM. PTEN knockdown alters dendritic spine/protrusion morphology, not density. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1171-90. [PMID: 24264880 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders including autism. Previous studies report that PTEN knockdown in neurons in vivo leads to increased spine density and synaptic activity. To better characterize synaptic changes in neurons lacking PTEN, we examined the effects of shRNA knockdown of PTEN in basolateral amygdala neurons on synaptic spine density and morphology by using fluorescent dye confocal imaging. Contrary to previous studies in the dentate gyrus, we find that knockdown of PTEN in basolateral amygdala leads to a significant decrease in total spine density in distal dendrites. Curiously, this decreased spine density is associated with increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude, suggesting an increase in number and function of mature spines. These seemingly contradictory findings were reconciled by spine morphology analysis demonstrating increased mushroom spine density and size with correspondingly decreased thin protrusion density at more distal segments. The same analysis of PTEN conditional deletion in the dentate gyrus demonstrated that loss of PTEN does not significantly alter total density of dendritic protrusions in the dentate gyrus, but does decrease thin protrusion density and increases density of more mature mushroom spines. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous reports, PTEN knockdown may not induce de novo spinogenesis, but instead may increase synaptic activity by inducing morphological and functional maturation of spines. Furthermore, behavioral analysis of basolateral amygdala PTEN knockdown suggests that these changes limited only to the basolateral amygdala complex may not be sufficient to induce increased anxiety-related behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Haws
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-8813; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-8813
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Park AJ, Havekes R, Choi JH, Luczak V, Nie T, Huang T, Abel T. A presynaptic role for PKA in synaptic tagging and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 114:101-112. [PMID: 24882624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) and other signaling molecules are spatially restricted within neurons by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Although studies on compartmentalized PKA signaling have focused on postsynaptic mechanisms, presynaptically anchored PKA may contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory because PKA also regulates presynaptic transmitter release. Here, we examine this issue using genetic and pharmacological application of Ht31, a PKA anchoring disrupting peptide. At the hippocampal Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse, Ht31 treatment elicits a rapid decay of synaptic responses to repetitive stimuli, indicating a fast depletion of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. The interaction between PKA and proteins involved in producing this pool of synaptic vesicles is supported by biochemical assays showing that synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), Rim1, and SNAP25 are components of a complex that interacts with cAMP. Moreover, acute treatment with Ht31 reduces the levels of SV2. Finally, experiments with transgenic mouse lines, which express Ht31 in excitatory neurons at the Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse, highlight a requirement for presynaptically anchored PKA in pathway-specific synaptic tagging and long-term contextual fear memory. These results suggest that a presynaptically compartmentalized PKA is critical for synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Jung Park
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| | - Jennifer Hk Choi
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| | - Vince Luczak
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| | - Ting Nie
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, VAMC, 1670 Clairmont Rd Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Ted Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jaramillo TC, Liu S, Pettersen A, Birnbaum SG, Powell CM. Autism-related neuroligin-3 mutation alters social behavior and spatial learning. Autism Res 2014; 7:264-72. [PMID: 24619977 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple candidate genes have been identified for autism spectrum disorders. While some of these genes reach genome-wide significance, others, such as the R451C point mutation in the synaptic cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-3, appear to be rare. Interestingly, two brothers with the same R451C point mutation in neuroligin-3 present clinically on seemingly disparate sides of the autism spectrum. These clinical findings suggest genetic background may play a role in modifying the penetrance of a particular autism-associated mutation. Animal models may contribute additional support for such mutations as functionally relevant and can provide mechanistic insights. Previously, in collaboration with the Südhof laboratory, we reported that mice with an R451C substitution in neuroligin-3 displayed social deficits and enhanced spatial learning. While some of these behavioral abnormalities have since been replicated independently in the Südhof laboratory, observations from the Crawley laboratory failed to replicate these findings in a similar neuroligin-3 mutant mouse model and suggested that genetic background may contribute to variation in observations across laboratories. Therefore, we sought to replicate our findings in the neuroligin-3 R451C point mutant knock-in mouse model (NL3R451C) in a different genetic background. We backcrossed our NL3R451C mouse line onto a 129S2/SvPasCrl genetic background and repeated a subset of our previous behavioral testing. NL3R451C mice on a 129S2/SvPasCrl displayed social deficits, enhanced spatial learning, and increased locomotor activity. These data extend our previous findings that NL3R451C mice exhibit autism-relevant behavioral abnormalities and further suggest that different genetic backgrounds can modify this behavioral phenotype through epistatic genetic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Jaramillo
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
D'Angelo E. The organization of plasticity in the cerebellar cortex: from synapses to control. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 210:31-58. [PMID: 24916288 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63356-9.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is thought to play a critical role in procedural learning, but the relationship between this function and the underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms remains largely speculative. At present, at least nine forms of long-term synaptic and nonsynaptic plasticity (some of which are bidirectional) have been reported in the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. These include long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, at the synapses formed by parallel fibers, climbing fibers, and molecular layer interneurons on Purkinje cells, and at the synapses formed by mossy fibers and Purkinje cells on deep cerebellar nuclear cells, as well as LTP of intrinsic excitability in granule cells, Purkinje cells, and deep cerebellar nuclear cells. It is suggested that the complex properties of cerebellar learning would emerge from the distribution of plasticity in the network and from its dynamic remodeling during the different phases of learning. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors may hold the key to explain how the different forms of plasticity cooperate to select specific transmission channels and to regulate the signal-to-noise ratio through the cerebellar cortex. These factors include regulation of neuronal excitation by local inhibitory networks, engagement of specific molecular mechanisms by spike bursts and theta-frequency oscillations, and gating by external neuromodulators. Therefore, a new and more complex view of cerebellar plasticity is emerging with respect to that predicted by the original "Motor Learning Theory," opening issues that will require experimental and computational testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vitureira N, Goda Y. Cell biology in neuroscience: the interplay between Hebbian and homeostatic synaptic plasticity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 203:175-86. [PMID: 24165934 PMCID: PMC3812972 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity, a change in the efficacy of synaptic signaling, is a key property of synaptic communication that is vital to many brain functions. Hebbian forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity-long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)-have been well studied and are considered to be the cellular basis for particular types of memory. Recently, homeostatic synaptic plasticity, a compensatory form of synaptic strength change, has attracted attention as a cellular mechanism that counteracts changes brought about by LTP and LTD to help stabilize neuronal network activity. New findings on the cellular mechanisms and molecular players of the two forms of plasticity are uncovering the interplay between them in individual neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kouser M, Speed HE, Dewey CM, Reimers JM, Widman AJ, Gupta N, Liu S, Jaramillo TC, Bangash M, Xiao B, Worley PF, Powell CM. Loss of predominant Shank3 isoforms results in hippocampus-dependent impairments in behavior and synaptic transmission. J Neurosci 2013; 33:18448-68. [PMID: 24259569 PMCID: PMC3834052 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3017-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Shank3 gene encodes a scaffolding protein that anchors multiple elements of the postsynaptic density at the synapse. Previous attempts to delete the Shank3 gene have not resulted in a complete loss of the predominant naturally occurring Shank3 isoforms. We have now characterized a homozygous Shank3 mutation in mice that deletes exon 21, including the Homer binding domain. In the homozygous state, deletion of exon 21 results in loss of the major naturally occurring Shank3 protein bands detected by C-terminal and N-terminal antibodies, allowing us to more definitively examine the role of Shank3 in synaptic function and behavior. This loss of Shank3 leads to an increased localization of mGluR5 to both synaptosome and postsynaptic density-enriched fractions in the hippocampus. These mice exhibit a decrease in NMDA/AMPA excitatory postsynaptic current ratio in area CA1 of the hippocampus, reduced long-term potentiation in area CA1, and deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory. In addition, these mice also exhibit motor-coordination deficits, hypersensitivity to heat, novelty avoidance, altered locomotor response to novelty, and minimal social abnormalities. These data suggest that Shank3 isoforms are required for normal synaptic transmission/plasticity in the hippocampus, as well as hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Kouser
- Departments of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8813, and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fernández-Busnadiego R, Asano S, Oprisoreanu AM, Sakata E, Doengi M, Kochovski Z, Zürner M, Stein V, Schoch S, Baumeister W, Lucić V. Cryo-electron tomography reveals a critical role of RIM1α in synaptic vesicle tethering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:725-40. [PMID: 23712261 PMCID: PMC3664715 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201206063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicles are embedded in a complex filamentous network at the presynaptic terminal. Before fusion, vesicles are linked to the active zone (AZ) by short filaments (tethers). The identity of the molecules that form and regulate tethers remains unknown, but Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM) is a prominent candidate, given its central role in AZ organization. In this paper, we analyzed presynaptic architecture of RIM1α knockout (KO) mice by cryo-electron tomography. In stark contrast to previous work on dehydrated, chemically fixed samples, our data show significant alterations in vesicle distribution and AZ tethering that could provide a structural basis for the functional deficits of RIM1α KO synapses. Proteasome inhibition reversed these structural defects, suggesting a functional recovery confirmed by electrophysiological recordings. Altogether, our results not only point to the ubiquitin-proteasome system as an important regulator of presynaptic architecture and function but also show that the tethering machinery plays a critical role in exocytosis, converging into a structural model of synaptic vesicle priming by RIM1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|