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Craige SM, Kaur G, Bond JM, Caliz AD, Kant S, Keaney JF. Endothelial Reactive Oxygen Species: Key Players in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39213161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells (ECs) line the entire vasculature system and serve as both barriers and facilitators of intra- and interorgan communication. Positioned to rapidly sense internal and external stressors, ECs dynamically adjust their functionality. Endothelial dysfunction occurs when the ability of ECs to react to stressors is impaired, which precedes many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While EC reactive oxygen species (ROS) have historically been implicated as mediators of endothelial dysfunction, more recent studies highlight the central role of ROS in physiological endothelial signaling. Recent Advances: New evidence has uncovered that EC ROS are fundamental in determining how ECs interact with their environment and respond to stress. EC ROS levels are mediated by external factors such as diet and pathogens, as well as inherent characteristics, including sex and location. Changes in EC ROS impact EC function, leading to changes in metabolism, cell communication, and potentially disrupted signaling in CVDs. Critical Issues: Current endothelial biology concepts integrate the dual nature of ROS, emphasizing the importance of EC ROS in physiological stress adaptation and their contribution to CVDs. Understanding the discrete, localized signaling of EC ROS will be critical in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Future Directions: Exploring how the EC ROS environment alters EC function and cross-cellular communication is critical. Considering the inherent heterogeneity among EC populations and understanding how EC ROS contribute to this diversity and the role of sexual dimorphism in the EC ROS environment will be fundamental for developing new effective cardiovascular treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob M Bond
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Amada D Caliz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Arpa L, Batlle C, Jiang P, Caelles C, Lloberas J, Celada A. Distinct Responses to IL4 in Macrophages Mediated by JNK. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081127. [PMID: 37190036 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IL(Interleukin)-4 is the main macrophage M2-type activator and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype called alternative activation. The IL-4 signaling pathway involves the activation of STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription)-6 and members of the MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) family. In primary-bone-marrow-derived macrophages, we observed a strong activation of JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase)-1 at early time points of IL-4 stimulation. Using selective inhibitors and a knockout model, we explored the contribution of JNK-1 activation to macrophages' response to IL-4. Our findings indicate that JNK-1 regulates the IL-4-mediated expression of genes typically involved in alternative activation, such as Arginase 1 or Mannose receptor, but not others, such as SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) 1 or p21Waf-1 (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A). Interestingly, we have observed that after macrophages are stimulated with IL-4, JNK-1 has the capacity to phosphorylate STAT-6 on serine but not on tyrosine. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that functional JNK-1 is required for the recruitment of co-activators such as CBP (CREB-binding protein)/p300 on the promoter of Arginase 1 but not on p21Waf-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate the critical role of STAT-6 serine phosphorylation by JNK-1 in distinct macrophage responses to IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Arpa
- Biology of Macrophages Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Batlle
- Biology of Macrophages Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peijin Jiang
- Biology of Macrophages Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Lloberas
- Biology of Macrophages Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Celada
- Biology of Macrophages Group, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Hanna A, Nixon MJ, Estrada MV, Sanchez V, Sheng Q, Opalenik SR, Toren AL, Bauer J, Owens P, Mason FM, Cook RS, Sanders ME, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. Combined Dusp4 and p53 loss with Dbf4 amplification drives tumorigenesis via cell cycle restriction and replication stress escape in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:51. [PMID: 35850776 PMCID: PMC9290202 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. METHODS Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4-deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. RESULTS We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4, a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hanna
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mellissa J Nixon
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Early Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan R Opalenik
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Abigail L Toren
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joshua Bauer
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Phillip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank M Mason
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwester, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Su H, Jiang M, Senevirathne C, Aluri S, Zhang T, Guo H, Xavier-Ferrucio J, Jin S, Tran NT, Liu SM, Sun CW, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Cable L, Shen Y, Liu J, Qu CK, Han X, Klug CA, Bhatia R, Chen Y, Nimer SD, Zheng YG, Iancu-Rubin C, Jin J, Deng H, Krause DS, Xiang J, Verma A, Luo M, Zhao X. Methylation of dual-specificity phosphatase 4 controls cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109421. [PMID: 34320342 PMCID: PMC9110119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are inactivated by dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), the activities of which are tightly regulated during cell differentiation. Using knockdown screening and single-cell transcriptional analysis, we demonstrate that DUSP4 is the phosphatase that specifically inactivates p38 kinase to promote megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation. Mechanistically, PRMT1-mediated methylation of DUSP4 triggers its ubiquitinylation by an E3 ligase HUWE1. Interestingly, the mechanistic axis of the DUSP4 degradation and p38 activation is also associated with a transcriptional signature of immune activation in Mk cells. In the context of thrombocytopenia observed in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we demonstrate that high levels of p38 MAPK and PRMT1 are associated with low platelet counts and adverse prognosis, while pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or PRMT1 stimulates megakaryopoiesis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the PRMT1-DUSP4-p38 axis on Mk differentiation and present a strategy for treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chamara Senevirathne
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Srinivas Aluri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics and Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Han Guo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Juliana Xavier-Ferrucio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ngoc-Tung Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Szu-Mam Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yongxia Zhu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher A Klug
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Research Department, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146 USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics and Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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5
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Choi JC, Wu W, Phillips E, Plevin R, Sera F, Homma S, Worman HJ. Elevated dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation is primarily ERK1/2-dependent and its depletion improves cardiac function and survival. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2290-2305. [PMID: 29668927 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C cause a group of tissue-selective diseases, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy (herein referred to as LMNA cardiomyopathy) with variable skeletal muscle involvement. We previously showed that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is involved in the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy. However, how mutations in LMNA activate Dusp4 expression and whether it is necessary for the development of LMNA cardiomyopathy are currently unknown. We now show that female LmnaH222P/H222P mice, a model for LMNA cardiomyopathy, have increased Dusp4 expression and hyperactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 with delayed kinetics relative to male mice, consistent with the sex-dependent delay in the onset and progression of disease. Mechanistically, we show that the H222P amino acid substitution in lamin A enhances its binding to ERK1/2 and increases sequestration at the nuclear envelope. Finally, we show that genetic deletion of Dusp4 has beneficial effects on heart function and prolongs survival in LmnaH222P/H222P mice. These results further establish Dusp4 as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy and a potential target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Choi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Fusako Sera
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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6
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Liu R, Molkentin JD. Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling through the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases (DUSPs). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:44-49. [PMID: 27575022 PMCID: PMC5154921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a critical role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in response to increased workload or pathological insults. The spatiotemporal activities and inactivation of MAPKs are tightly controlled by a family of dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases (DUSPs). Over the past 2 decades, we and others have determined the critical role for selected DUSP family members in controlling MAPK activity in the heart and the ensuing effects on ventricular growth and remodeling. More specifically, studies from mice deficient for individual Dusp genes as well as heart-specific inducible transgene-mediated overexpression have implicated select DUSPs as essential signaling effectors in the heart that function by dynamically regulating the level, subcellular and temporal activities of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs. This review summarizes recent literature on the physiological and pathological roles of MAPK-specific DUSPs in regulating MAPK signaling in the heart and the effect on cardiac growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA; Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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7
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Mazumdar A, Poage GM, Shepherd J, Tsimelzon A, Hartman ZC, Den Hollander P, Hill J, Zhang Y, Chang J, Hilsenbeck SG, Fuqua S, Kent Osborne C, Mills GB, Brown PH. Analysis of phosphatases in ER-negative breast cancers identifies DUSP4 as a critical regulator of growth and invasion. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 158:441-54. [PMID: 27393618 PMCID: PMC4963453 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cancers have a poor prognosis, and few targeted therapies are available for their treatment. Our previous analyses have identified potential kinase targets critical for the growth of ER-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative and HER2-negative, or "triple-negative" breast cancer (TNBC). Because phosphatases regulate the function of kinase signaling pathways, in this study, we investigated whether phosphatases are also differentially expressed in ER-negative compared to those in ER-positive breast cancers. We compared RNA expression in 98 human breast cancers (56 ER-positive and 42 ER-negative) to identify phosphatases differentially expressed in ER-negative compared to those in ER-positive breast cancers. We then examined the effects of one selected phosphatase, dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), on proliferation, cell growth, migration and invasion, and on signaling pathways using protein microarray analyses of 172 proteins, including phosphoproteins. We identified 48 phosphatase genes are significantly differentially expressed in ER-negative compared to those in ER-positive breast tumors. We discovered that 31 phosphatases were more highly expressed, while 11 were underexpressed specifically in ER-negative breast cancers. The DUSP4 gene is underexpressed in ER-negative breast cancer and is deleted in approximately 50 % of breast cancers. Induced DUSP4 expression suppresses both in vitro and in vivo growths of breast cancer cells. Our studies show that induced DUSP4 expression blocks the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint; inhibits ERK1/2, p38, JNK1, RB, and NFkB p65 phosphorylation; and inhibits invasiveness of TNBC cells. These results suggest that that DUSP4 is a critical regulator of the growth and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Graham M Poage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Shepherd
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Tsimelzon
- Department of Medicine and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Zachary C Hartman
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Petra Den Hollander
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jamal Hill
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jenny Chang
- Methodist Cancer Center, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Department of Medicine and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Suzanne Fuqua
- Department of Medicine and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Department of Medicine and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Alund AW, Mercer KE, Suva LJ, Pulliam CF, Chen JR, Badger TM, Van Remmen H, Ronis MJJ. Reactive Oxygen Species Differentially Regulate Bone Turnover in an Age-Specific Manner in Catalase Transgenic Female Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:50-60. [PMID: 27189961 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethyl alcohol (EtOH) consumption results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in bone and osteopenia due to increased bone resorption and reduced bone formation. In this study, transgenic C57Bl/6J mice overexpressing human catalase (TgCAT) were used to test whether limiting excess hydrogen peroxide would protect against EtOH-mediated bone loss. Micro-computed tomography analysis of the skeletons of 6-week-old female chow-fed TgCAT mice revealed a high bone mass phenotype with increased cortical bone area and thickness as well as significantly increased trabecular bone volume (P < 0.05). Six-week-old wild-type (WT) and TgCAT female mice were chow fed or pair fed (PF) liquid diets with or without EtOH, approximately 30% of calories, for 8 weeks. Pair feeding of WT had no demonstrable effect on the skeleton; however, EtOH feeding of WT mice significantly reduced cortical and trabecular bone parameters along with bone strength compared with PF controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, EtOH feeding of TgCAT mice had no effect on trabecular bone compared with PF controls. At 14 weeks of age, there was significantly less trabecular bone and cortical cross-sectional area in TgCAT mice than WT mice (P < 0.05), suggesting impaired normal bone accrual with age. TgCAT mice expressed less collagen1α and higher sclerostin mRNA (P < 0.05), suggesting decreased bone formation in TgCAT mice. In conclusion, catalase overexpression resulted in greater bone mass than in WT mice at 6 weeks and lower bone mass at 14 weeks. EtOH feeding induced significant reductions in bone architecture and strength in WT mice, but TgCAT mice were partially protected. These data implicate ROS signaling in the regulation of bone turnover in an age-dependent manner, and indicate that excess hydrogen peroxide generation contributes to alcohol-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Alund
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Larry J Suva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (A.W.A., K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (A.W.A.), Department of Pediatrics (K.E.M., J.-R.C., T.M.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (L.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (C.F.P., M.J.J.R.); and Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (H.V.R.)
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9
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Schmid CA, Robinson MD, Scheifinger NA, Müller S, Cogliatti S, Tzankov A, Müller A. DUSP4 deficiency caused by promoter hypermethylation drives JNK signaling and tumor cell survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:775-92. [PMID: 25847947 PMCID: PMC4419353 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Using DNA methylation and gene expression profiling of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples, Schmid et al. find that the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP4 gene is highly methylated in nodal and extranodal DLBCL cases, which correlates with loss of DUSP4 expression. Low DUSP4 expression represents a negative prognostic factor in patient cohorts. Ectopic DUSP4 expression inhibits JNK signaling and induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells. This effect can be phenocopied by JNK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. The epigenetic dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes is an important driver of human carcinogenesis. We have combined genome-wide DNA methylation analyses and gene expression profiling after pharmacological DNA demethylation with functional screening to identify novel tumor suppressors in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We find that a CpG island in the promoter of the dual-specificity phosphatase DUSP4 is aberrantly methylated in nodal and extranodal DLBCL, irrespective of ABC or GCB subtype, resulting in loss of DUSP4 expression in 75% of >200 examined cases. The DUSP4 genomic locus is further deleted in up to 13% of aggressive B cell lymphomas, and the lack of DUSP4 is a negative prognostic factor in three independent cohorts of DLBCL patients. Ectopic expression of wild-type DUSP4, but not of a phosphatase-deficient mutant, dephosphorylates c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells. Pharmacological or dominant-negative JNK inhibition restricts DLBCL survival in vitro and in vivo and synergizes strongly with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Our results indicate that DLBCL cells depend on JNK signaling for survival. This finding provides a mechanistic basis for the clinical development of JNK inhibitors in DLBCL, ideally in synthetic lethal combinations with inhibitors of chronic active B cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina A Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole A Scheifinger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health and Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Cogliatti
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Plumbagin induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells via oxidative stress mediated glutathionylation and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKP1/2). Cancer Lett 2015; 357:265-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Jeong MW, Kang TH, Kim W, Choi YH, Kim KT. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 regulates histone H3 phosphorylation via interaction with vaccinia-related kinase 1. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:373-84. [PMID: 23223570 PMCID: PMC3564537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-06-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is a histone kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr-3 and Ser-10. This study shows that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 regulates this phosphorylation negatively via interaction with VRK1, regardless of VRK1’s phosphatase activity. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 (MKP2) is a member of the dual-specificity MKPs that regulate MAP kinase signaling. However, MKP2 functions are still largely unknown. In this study, we showed that MKP2 could regulate histone H3 phosphorylation under oxidative stress conditions. We found that MKP2 inhibited histone H3 phosphorylation by suppressing vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) activity. Moreover, this regulation was dependent on the selective interaction with VRK1, regardless of its phosphatase activity. The interaction between MKP2 and VRK1 mainly occurred in the chromatin, where histones are abundant. We also observed that the protein level of MKP2 and its interaction with histone H3 increased from G1 to M phase during the cell cycle, which is similar to the VRK1 profile. Furthermore, MKP2 specifically regulated the VRK1-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation at M phase. Taken together, these data suggest a novel function of MKP2 as a negative regulator of VRK1-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Auger-Messier M, Accornero F, Goonasekera SA, Bueno OF, Lorenz JN, van Berlo JH, Willette RN, Molkentin JD. Unrestrained p38 MAPK activation in Dusp1/4 double-null mice induces cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2012; 112:48-56. [PMID: 22993413 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.272963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in the heart by disease-inducing and stress-inducing stimuli, where they participate in hypertrophy, remodeling, contractility, and heart failure. A family of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) directly inactivates each of the MAPK terminal effectors, potentially serving a cardioprotective role. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of DUSP1 and DUSP4 in regulating p38 MAPK function in the heart and the effect on disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we generated mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking both Dusp1 and Dusp4 genes. Although single nulls showed no molecular effects, combined disruption of Dusp1/4 promoted unrestrained p38 MAPK activity in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and the heart, with no change in the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases or extracellular signal-regulated kinases at baseline or with stress stimulation. Single disruption of either Dusp1 or Dusp4 did not result in cardiac pathology, although Dusp1/4 double-null mice exhibited cardiomyopathy and increased mortality with aging. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB731445 ameliorated cardiomyopathy in Dusp1/4 double-null mice, indicating that DUSP1/4 function primarily through p38 MAPK in affecting disease. At the cellular level, unrestrained p38 MAPK activity diminished cardiac contractility and Ca2+ handling, which was acutely reversed with a p38 inhibitory compound. Poor function in Dusp1/4 double-null mice also was partially rescued by phospholamban deletion. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that Dusp1 and Dusp4 are cardioprotective genes that play a critical role in the heart by dampening p38 MAPK signaling that would otherwise reduce contractility and induce cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannix Auger-Messier
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Tochhawng L, Deng S, Pervaiz S, Yap CT. Redox regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion. Mitochondrion 2012; 13:246-53. [PMID: 22960576 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration and invasion are the initial steps in metastasis. Through a series of cellular events, including cytoskeletal remodeling resulting in phenotype changes and degradation of the extracellular matrix, cells are able to detach from the primary tumor and metastasize to distant sites. These changes occur in response to intracellular signaling mechanisms triggered via cell surface receptor stimulation or signal amplification within the cell. Amongst the active molecules that participate in relaying cellular signals are the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Initially identified to participate in defense mechanisms to ward off invading pathogens, ROS are now considered to have important roles in several other biological processes including cancer development. In this report, we review recent evidence pointing towards the involvement of ROS in tumor progression. We discuss the biology of ROS and their roles at different stages during the process of cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Abstract
The MKPs (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases) are a family of at least ten DUSPs (dual-specificity phosphatases) which function to terminate the activity of the MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Several members have already been demonstrated to have distinct roles in immune function, cancer, fetal development and metabolic disorders. One DUSP of renewed interest is the inducible nuclear phosphatase MKP-2, which dephosphorylates both ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in vitro. Recently, the understanding of MKP-2 function has been advanced due to the development of mouse knockout models, which has resulted in the discovery of novel roles for MKP-2 in the regulation of sepsis, infection and cell-cycle progression that are distinct from those of other DUSPs. However, many functions for MKP-2 still await to be characterized.
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Wu H, Teng PN, Jayaraman T, Onishi S, Li J, Bannon L, Huang H, Close J, Sfeir C. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) signals via cell surface integrin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29462-9. [PMID: 21642437 PMCID: PMC3190986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) is a non-collagenous, acidic extracellular matrix protein expressed chiefly in bone and dentin. We examined the DMP1 ability to engage cell-surface receptors and subsequently activate intracellular signaling pathways. Our data indeed show that the presence of extracellular DMP1 triggers focal adhesion point formation in human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells. We determine that DMP1 acts via interaction with αvβ3 integrin and stimulates phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Further biochemical characterization confirms the activation of downstream effectors of the MAPK pathways, namely ERK and JNK, after DMP1 treatment. This activation is specifically inhibitable and can also be blocked by the addition of anti-αvβ3 integrin antibody. Furthermore, we show that extracellular treatment with DMP1 stimulates the translocation of phosphorylated JNK to the nucleus and a concomitant up-regulation of transcriptional activation by phosphorylated c-Jun. The evidence presented here indicates that DMP1 is specifically involved in signaling via extracellular matrix-cell surface interaction. Combined with the published DMP1-null data (Feng, J. Q., Ward, L. M., Liu, S., Lu, Y., Xie, Y., Yuan, B., Yu, X., Rauch, F., Davis, S. I., Zhang, S., Rios, H., Drezner, M. K., Quarles, L. D., Bonewald, L. F., and White, K. E. (2006) Nat. Genet. 38, 1310-1315) it can be hypothesized that DMP1 could be a key effector of ECM-osteocyte signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- From the Department of Stomotology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51025, China
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Pang-Ning Teng
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
- the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Thottala Jayaraman
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Shinsuke Onishi
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Jinhua Li
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Leslie Bannon
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- From the Department of Stomotology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51025, China
| | - John Close
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
| | - Charles Sfeir
- the Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, and
- the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Lawan A, Al-Harthi S, Cadalbert L, McCluskey AG, Shweash M, Grassia G, Grant A, Boyd M, Currie S, Plevin R. Deletion of the dual specific phosphatase-4 (DUSP-4) gene reveals an essential non-redundant role for MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) in proliferation and cell survival. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12933-43. [PMID: 21317287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.181370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) is a type 1 nuclear dual specific phosphatase (DUSP) implicated in a number of cancers. We examined the role of MKP-2 in the regulation of MAP kinase phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and survival responses in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from a novel MKP-2 (DUSP-4) deletion mouse. We show that serum and PDGF induced ERK-dependent MKP-2 expression in wild type MEFs but not in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs. PDGF stimulation of sustained ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs, whereas anisomycin-induced JNK was only marginally increased. However, marked effects upon cell growth parameters were observed. Cellular proliferation rates were significantly reduced in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs and associated with a significant increase in cell doubling time. Infection with adenoviral MKP-2 reversed the decrease in proliferation. Cell cycle analysis revealed a block in G(2)/M phase transition associated with cyclin B accumulation and enhanced cdc2 phosphorylation. MEFs from MKP-2(-/-) mice also showed enhanced apoptosis when stimulated with anisomycin correlated with increased caspase-3 cleavage and γH2AX phosphorylation. Increased apoptosis was reversed by adenoviral MKP-2 infection and correlated with selective inhibition of JNK signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time a critical non-redundant role for MKP-2 in regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lawan
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Al-Mutairi M, Al-Harthi S, Cadalbert L, Plevin R. Over-expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2 enhances adhesion molecule expression and protects against apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:782-98. [PMID: 20860659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We assessed the effects of over-expressing the dual-specific phosphatase, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2), in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on inflammatory protein expression and apoptosis, two key features of endothelial dysfunction in disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES We infected HUVECs for 40 h with an adenoviral version of MKP-2 (Adv.MKP-2). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated phosphorylation of MAP kinase and protein expression was measured by Western blotting. Cellular apoptosis was assayed by FACS. KEY RESULTS Infection with Adv.MKP-2 selectively abolished TNF-α-mediated c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and had little effect upon extracellular signal-regulated kinase or p38 MAP kinase. Adv.MKP-2 abolished COX-2 expression, while induction of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), two NFκB-dependent proteins, was not affected. However, when ICAM and VCAM expression was partly reduced by blockade of the NFκB pathway, Adv.MKP-2 was able to reverse this inhibition. This correlated with enhanced TNF-α-induced loss of the inhibitor of κB (IκB)α loss, a marker of NFκB activation. TNF-α in combination with NFκB blockade also increased HUVEC apoptosis; this was significantly reversed by Adv.MKP-2. Protein markers of cellular damage and apoptosis, H2AX phosphorylation and caspase-3 cleavage, were also reversed by MKP-2 over-expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Over-expression of MKP-2 had different effects upon the expression of inflammatory proteins due to a reciprocal effect upon JNK and NFκB signalling, and also prevented TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell death. These properties may make Adv.MKP-2 a potentially useful future therapy in cardiovascular diseases where endothelial dysfunction is a feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Al-Mutairi
- Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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MAP kinase phosphatase-2 plays a critical role in response to infection by Leishmania mexicana. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001192. [PMID: 21085614 PMCID: PMC2978729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we generated a novel dual specific phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) deletion mouse using a targeted deletion strategy in order to examine the role of MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) in immune responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a rapid, time and concentration-dependent increase in MKP-2 protein expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages from MKP-2+/+ but not from MKP-2−/− mice. LPS-induced JNK and p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation was significantly increased and prolonged in MKP-2−/− macrophages whilst ERK phosphorylation was unaffected. MKP-2 deletion also potentiated LPS-stimulated induction of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-12p40, TNF-α, and also COX-2 derived PGE2 production. However surprisingly, in MKP-2−/− macrophages, there was a marked reduction in LPS or IFNγ-induced iNOS and nitric oxide release and enhanced basal expression of arginase-1, suggesting that MKP-2 may have an additional regulatory function significant in pathogen-mediated immunity. Indeed, following infection with the intracellular parasite Leishmania mexicana, MKP-2−/− mice displayed increased lesion size and parasite burden, and a significantly modified Th1/Th2 bias compared with wild-type counterparts. However, there was no intrinsic defect in MKP-2−/− T cell function as measured by anti-CD3 induced IFN-γ production. Rather, MKP-2−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages were found to be inherently more susceptible to infection with Leishmania mexicana, an effect reversed following treatment with the arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA. These findings show for the first time a role for MKP-2 in vivo and demonstrate that MKP-2 may be essential in orchestrating protection against intracellular infection at the level of the macrophage. In cells of the immune system are switch-on enzymes called kinases which regulate responses to infectious agents such as Leishmania. However, in the same cells there are switch-off enzymes known as phosphatases which function to turn off the kinases once they have done their work. A lot of studies have focussed on the role of kinases but not phosphatases in response to infection; we therefore generated a novel mouse in which the gene for one of these phosphatases, called MKP-2, has been deleted. We found that in the absence of this phosphatase unexpected things happened. The profile of inflammatory proteins, produced by a special cell of the immune system, called a macrophage, that functions to regulate infection by Leishmania, changed in ways which meant the macrophage could either fight infection very effectively or very weakly. In actual fact, we found that the macrophages with no MKP-2 fought off Leishmania poorly and mice deficient in MKP-2 had a modified immune response favouring the growth of the parasite. This is the first study to give critical insight into the role of MKP-2 in fighting Leishmania infection and demonstrates very well the importance of this class of enzyme in pathogen biology.
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Cadalbert LC, Sloss CM, Cunningham MR, Al-Mutairi M, McIntire A, Shipley J, Plevin R. Differential regulation of MAP kinase activation by a novel splice variant of human MAP kinase phosphatase-2. Cell Signal 2010; 22:357-65. [PMID: 19843478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) is a member of the family of dual specificity phosphatases that functions to inactivate the ERK and JNK MAP kinase signalling pathways. Here, we identify a novel human MKP-2 variant (MKP-2-S) lacking the MAP kinase binding site but retaining the phosphatase catalytic domain. Endogenous MKP-2-S transcripts and proteins were found in PC3 prostate and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and also human prostate biopsies. Cellular transfection of MKP-2-S gave rise to a nuclear protein of 33kDa which displayed phosphatase activity comparable to the formerly described long form of MKP-2 (MKP-2-L). Due to its lack of a kinase interacting motif (KIM), MKP-2-S did not bind to JNK or ERK; MKP-2-L bound ERK and to a lesser extent JNK. Protein turnover of adenoviral expressed MKP-2-S was accelerated relative to MKP-2-L, with a greater susceptibility to proteosomal-mediated degradation. MKP-2-S retained its ability to deactivate JNK in a similar manner as MKP-2-L and was an effective inhibitor of LPS-stimulated COX-2 induction. However, unlike MKP-2-L, MKP-2-S was unable to reverse serum-induced ERK activation or significantly inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. These findings reveal the occurrence of a novel splice variant of MKP-2 which is unable to bind ERK and may be significant in the dysregulation of MAP kinase activity in certain disease states, particularly in breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence C Cadalbert
- Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Chapter 9 Cell Signaling by Oxidants: Pathways Leading to Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and Activator Protein-1 (AP-1). CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(08)00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lee YJ, Shukla SD. Histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 and serine 28 is mediated by p38 MAPK in rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol and acetaldehyde. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 573:29-38. [PMID: 17643407 PMCID: PMC2723821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol modulates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). We have now investigated the influence of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde on histone H3 phosphorylation to ascertain downstream targets of MAPKs. In primary culture of rat hepatocytes, ethanol and acetaldehyde increased phosphorylation of nuclear histone H3 at serine 10 and serine 28. Specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK, SB203580, PD169316 and SB202190 blocked this phosphorylation. The inactive analogue, SB202474 had no effect. In contrast, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125 or MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor, PD98059 had no effect on the histone H3 phosphorylation. The p38 MAPK activation correlated with upstream activation of MAPK kinase (MKK) 3/6 but was independent of protein synthesis. In the nuclear fraction, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its protein level increased with peak activation at 24 h by ethanol and at 30 min by acetaldehyde. These responses were ethanol and acetaldehyde dose dependent. Surprisingly, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was undetectable in the cytosolic fraction suggesting a subcellular selectivity of p38 MAPK signaling. The phosphorylation of JNK and p42/44 MAPK and their protein levels also increased in the nuclear fraction. Although ethanol caused translocation of all three major MAPKs (p42/44 MAPK, JNK, p38 MAPK) into the nucleus, histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 and serine 28 was mediated by p38 MAPK. This histone H3 phosphorylation had no influence on ethanol and acetaldehyde induced apoptosis. These studies demonstrate for the first time that ethanol and acetaldehyde stimulated phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 and serine 28 are downstream nuclear response mediated by p38 MAPK in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivendra D. Shukla
- Corresponding author: Shivendra D. Shukla, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, One hospital Drive, M526 Medical Science Building, Columbia, MO 65212, Tel: (573) 882-2740, Fax: (573) 884-4276, E-mail:
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22
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Lupo G, Nicotra A, Giurdanella G, Anfuso CD, Romeo L, Biondi G, Tirolo C, Marchetti B, Ragusa N, Alberghina M. Activation of phospholipase A2 and MAP kinases by oxidized low-density lipoproteins in immortalized GP8.39 endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2005; 1735:135-50. [PMID: 15979399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In immortalized rat brain endothelial cells (GP8.39), we have previously shown that oxidized LDL (oxLDL), after 24-h treatment, stimulates arachidonic acid release and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). A putative role for MAPKs in this process has emerged. Here, we studied the contribution of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)), and the role of the MAP kinase family as well as both cPLA(2) and iPLA(2) mRNA expression by RT-PCR in oxLDL toxicity to GP8.39 cells in vitro. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2, p38 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) was assessed with Western blotting and kinase activity assays. iPLA(2) activity, which was found as a membrane-associated enzyme, was more stimulated by oxLDL compared with native LDL. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNKs was also significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and SP600125, an JNK inhibitor, abolished the stimulation of all three members of the MAPK family by oxLDL. Confocal microscopy analysis and subcellular fractionation confirmed either an increase in phosphorylated form of ERKs, p38 and JNKs, or their nuclear translocation upon activation. A strong inhibition of MAPK activation was also observed when endothelial cells were treated with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor, indicating the important role of both PKC and all three MAPKs in mediating the maximal oxLDL response. Finally, compared with samples untreated or treated with native LDL, treatment with oxLDL (100 muM hydroperoxides) for 24 h significantly increased the levels of constitutively expressed iPLA(2) protein (by 5.1-fold) and mRNA (by 3.1-fold), as well as cPLA(2) protein (by 4.4-fold) and mRNA (by 1.5-fold). Together, these data link the stimulation of PKC-ERK-p38-JNK pathways and PLA(2) activity by oxLDL to the prooxidant mechanism of the lipoprotein complex, which may initially stimulate the endothelial cell reaction against noxious stimuli as well as metabolic repair, such as during inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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23
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Sloss CM, Cadalbert L, Finn SG, Fuller SJ, Plevin R. Disruption of two putative nuclear localization sequences is required for cytosolic localization of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2. Cell Signal 2005; 17:709-16. [PMID: 15722195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) is a member of a family of dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) that function in both the cytosol and nucleus to inactivate the MAP kinases. The mechanism that controls the subcellular distribution of these proteins is currently unclear. In this study, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to remove two novel nuclear localization sequences, NLS-1 and -2, either alone or in combination (DNLS). Loss of NLS-1 or NLS-2 alone did not alter the nuclear targeting of MKP-2 but mutation of both resulted in MKP-2 being retained within the cytosol. Furthermore, whilst expression of WT-MKP-2, NLS-1 or NLS-2 reduced both sorbitol- or UV-stimulated nuclear c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in HEK293 cells, this effect was absent in cells expressing DNLS-MKP-2. Similarly, transient transfection of WT-MKP-2, NLS-1 or NLS-2, but not DNLS-MKP-2 was able to substantially reduce agonist-stimulated ANF reporter activity in rat cardiac myocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that whilst both novel NLS participate in the nuclear localization of MKP-2, the expression of either sequence is sufficient to retain nuclear targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum M Sloss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK
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24
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Cadalbert L, Sloss CM, Cameron P, Plevin R. Conditional expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-2 protects against genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis by binding and selective dephosphorylation of nuclear activated c-jun N-terminal kinase. Cell Signal 2005; 17:1254-64. [PMID: 16038800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MAP Kinase Phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) is a dual specific nuclear phosphatase which is selective for both ERK and JNK, MAP kinases implicated in the regulation of apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Here we report the conditional expression of MKP-2 in human embryonic kidney cells 293. We demonstrate that Flag-WT-MKP-2 is able to rescue cells from apoptotic commitment when subjected to UV-C or cisplatin treatment. We establish that upon stimulation all three major MAP kinase families (ERK, JNK and p38 MAP kinases) are activated. However, MKP-2 is surprisingly only able to deactivate JNK in vivo. Furthermore, whilst pre-treatment of cells with either the JNK inhibitor SP600125, or the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059, also reverses UV-C and cisplatin-induced apoptosis, the anti-apoptotic effect of MKP-2 overexpression is not additive with SP600125 but is with PD098059, suggesting that MKP-2 is involved in specifically terminating JNK activity and not ERK. The inability of MKP-2 to dephosphorylate ERK in vivo is also not due to the inability of Flag-MKP-2 to bind both ERK and JNK; phosphorylated forms of each kinase are co-precipitated with both WT and CI-MKP-2. Immunofluorescence studies however demonstrate that ERK is exclusively cytosolic in origin and not translocated to the nucleus following UV-C and cisplatin treatment whilst JNK is principally nuclear. These studies demonstrate the in vivo specificity of MKP-2 for JNK and not ERK and show that nuclear-targeted JNK is involved in genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cadalbert
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, G4 0NR, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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25
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Nelson KK, Melendez JA. Mitochondrial redox control of matrix metalloproteinases. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:768-84. [PMID: 15304253 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly generated in aerobic organisms during normal metabolism and in response to both internal and external stimuli. Imbalances in the production and removal of ROS have been hypothesized to play a causative role in numerous disease pathologies such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and degenerative diseases such as photoaging, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and neurodegeneration. A feature often associated with these diseases is a malfunctioning of the connective tissue remodeling process due to increased activity of extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs). This review summarizes the evidence that implicates ROS as key regulators of MMP production and the importance of these interactions in disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Nelson
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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26
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Bogatcheva NV, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN, Verin AD. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Endothelial Pathophysiology. J Investig Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890305100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells continuously respond to extracellular stimuli such as chemical signals produced by circulating blood elements or mechanical forces such as shear stress. Proinflammatory cytokines, mitogens, reactive oxygen species, and shear stress trigger signal molecules to initiate multiple intracellular pathways, which often converge at mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. The MAP kinase superfamily represents a burgeoning area of clinical investigation for treatment of various inflammatory and oncologic diseases and plays an essential role in mediating response to infection, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and vessel healing and remodeling through regulation of such diverse phenomena as endothelial cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and endothelial barrier function. The downstream effects of MAP kinase activation include modulation of gene expression via up-regulation of various transcription factors. In addition to these sustained effects, MAP kinases coordinate more immediate responses that affect dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and regulation of barrier function. This review discusses the important regulatory roles of MAP kinases in the vital physiologic functions of endothelium, focusing mainly on the role of MAP kinases in the maintenance of endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a large family of proline-directed, serine/threonine kinases that require tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of a TxY motif in the activation loop for activation through a phosphorylation cascade involving a MAPKKK, MAPKK and MAPK, often referred to as the MAP kinase module. Three separate such modules have been identified, based on the TxY motif of the MAP kinase and the dual-specificity kinases that strictly phosphorylate their specific TxY sequence. They are the extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs), c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs. The ERKs are mainly associated with proliferation and differentiation while the JNKs and p38MAP kinases regulate responses to cellular stresses. Redox homeostasis is critical for proper cellular function. While reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have been implicated in injury, a rapidly growing literature suggests that a transient increase in ROS levels is an important mediator of proliferation and results in activation of various signaling molecules and pathways, among which the MAP kinases. This review will summarize the role of ROS in MAP kinase activation in various systems, including in macrophages, cells of myeloid origin that play an essential role in inflammation and express a multi-component NADPH oxidase that catalyzes the receptor-regulated production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Torres
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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28
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Avdi NJ, Malcolm KC, Nick JA, Worthen GS. A role for protein phosphatase-2A in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated regulation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase pathway in human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40687-96. [PMID: 12186863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204455200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil accumulation in inflammatory foci is essential for the effective control of microbial infections. Although exposure of neutrophils to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), generated at sites of inflammation, leads to activation of MAPK pathways, mechanisms responsible for the fine regulation of specific MAPK modules remain unknown. We have previously demonstrated activation of a TNFalpha-mediated JNK pathway module, leading to apoptosis in adherent human neutrophils (Avdi, N. J., Nick, J. A., Whitlock, B. B., Billstrom, M. A., Henson, P. M., Johnson, G. L., and Worthen, G. S. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 2189-2199). Herein, evidence is presented linking regulation of the JNK pathway to p38 MAPK and the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A). Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB 203580 and M 39 resulted in significant augmentation of TNFalpha-induced JNK and MKK4 (but not MKK7 or MEKK1) activation, whereas prior exposure to a p38-activating agent (platelet-activating factor) diminished the TNFalpha-induced JNK response. TNFalpha-induced apoptosis was also greatly enhanced upon p38 inhibition. Studies with a reconstituted cell-free system indicated the absence of a direct inhibitory effect of p38 MAPK on the JNK module. Neutrophil exposure to the Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A induced JNK activation. Increased phosphatase activity following TNFalpha stimulation was shown to be PP2A-associated and p38-dependent. Furthermore, PP2A-induced dephosphorylation of MKK4 resulted in its inactivation. Thus, in neutrophils, p38 MAPK, through a PP2A-mediated mechanism, regulates the JNK pathway, thus determining the extent and nature of subsequent responses such as apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Avdi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, D403, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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29
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Masuda K, Shima H, Watanabe M, Kikuchi K. MKP-7, a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, functions as a shuttle protein. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:39002-11. [PMID: 11489891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) negatively regulate MAPK activity. In the present study, we have identified a novel MKP, designated MKP-7, and mapped it to human chromosome 12p12. MKP-7 possesses a long C-terminal stretch containing both a nuclear export signal and a nuclear localization signal, in addition to the rhodanese-like domain and the dual specificity phosphatase catalytic domain, both of which are conserved among MKP family members. When expressed in mammalian cells MKP-7 protein was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm, but this localization became exclusively nuclear following leptomycin B treatment or introduction of a mutation in the nuclear export signal. These findings indicate that MKP-7 is the first identified leptomycin B-sensitive shuttle MKP. Forced expression of MKP-7 suppressed activation of MAPKs in COS-7 cells in the order of selectivity, JNK p38 > ERK. Furthermore, a mutant form MKP-7 functioned as a dominant negative particularly against the dephosphorylation of JNK, suggesting that MKP-7 works as a JNK-specific phosphatase in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and histological analysis suggested that MKP-7 determines the localization of MAPKs in the cytoplasm.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- COS Cells
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Catalytic Domain
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Databases as Topic
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases
- Exons
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Genes, Dominant
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/biosynthesis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/physiology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Substrate Specificity
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- K Masuda
- Division of Biochemical Oncology and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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