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Flaibam B, da Silva MF, de Mélo AHF, Carvalho PH, Galland F, Pacheco MTB, Goldbeck R. Non-animal protein hydrolysates from agro-industrial wastes: A prospect of alternative inputs for cultured meat. Food Chem 2024; 443:138515. [PMID: 38277934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In light of the growing demand for alternative protein sources, laboratory-grown meat has been proposed as a potential solution to the challenges posed by conventional meat production. Cultured meat does not require animal slaughter and uses sustainable production methods, contributing to animal welfare, human health, and environmental sustainability. However, some challenges still need to be addressed in cultured meat production, such as the use of fetal bovine serum for medium supplementation. This ingredient has limited availability, increases production costs, and raises ethical concerns. This review explores the potential of non-animal protein hydrolysates derived from agro-industrial wastes as substitutes for critical components of fetal bovine serum in cultured meat production. Despite the lack of standardization of hydrolysate composition, the potential benefits of this alternative protein source may outweigh its disadvantages. Future research holds promise for increasing the accessibility of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Flaibam
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marcos F da Silva
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Allan H Félix de Mélo
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Priscila Hoffmann Carvalho
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Galland
- Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Avenida Brasil, 2880, PO Box 139, Campinas, SP 13070-178, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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Methodological Considerations for Investigating Iron Status and Regulation in Exercise and Sport Science Studies. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:359-370. [PMID: 35365588 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a common health issue in active and athlete populations. Accordingly, research into iron status, regulation, absorption, and iron deficiency treatment strategies is increasing at a rapid rate. However, despite the increase in the quantity of research, various methodological issues need to be addressed as we progress our knowledge in this area. The purpose of this review is to highlight specific considerations for conducting iron-related research in active and athlete populations. First, we discuss the methodological importance of assessment and interpretation of iron status, with reference to blood collection protocols, participant screening procedures, and biomarker selection. Next, we consider numerous variables that should be accounted for in the design of iron-related research studies, such as the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin and its interaction with exercise, in addition to an examination of female physiology and its impact on iron metabolism. Subsequently, we explore dietary iron and nutrient interactions that impact iron regulation and absorption, with recommendations made for optimal methodological control. Consideration is then given to key features of long-term study designs, such as the monitoring of training load, oral iron supplementation, dietary analysis, and general lifestyle factors. Finally, we conclude our recommendations with an exploration of stable iron isotope tracers as a methodology to measure iron absorption. Ultimately, it is our intention that this review can be used as a guide to improve study design, biomarker analysis, and reporting of findings, to maximize the quality of future research outputs in iron-related research focused on active and athlete populations.
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Milman NT. A Review of Nutrients and Compounds, Which Promote or Inhibit Intestinal Iron Absorption: Making a Platform for Dietary Measures That Can Reduce Iron Uptake in Patients with Genetic Haemochromatosis. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:7373498. [PMID: 33005455 PMCID: PMC7509542 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7373498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of nutrients and compounds, which influence human intestinal iron absorption, thereby making a platform for elaboration of dietary recommendations that can reduce iron uptake in patients with genetic haemochromatosis. DESIGN Review. Setting. A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar of papers dealing with iron absorption. RESULTS The most important promoters of iron absorption in foods are ascorbic acid, lactic acid (produced by fermentation), meat factors in animal meat, the presence of heme iron, and alcohol which stimulate iron uptake by inhibition of hepcidin expression. The most important inhibitors of iron uptake are phytic acid/phytates, polyphenols/tannins, proteins from soya beans, milk, eggs, and calcium. Oxalic acid/oxalate does not seem to influence iron uptake. Turmeric/curcumin may stimulate iron uptake through a decrease in hepcidin expression and inhibit uptake by complex formation with iron, but the net effect has not been clarified. CONCLUSIONS In haemochromatosis, iron absorption is enhanced due to a decreased expression of hepcidin. Dietary modifications that lower iron intake and decrease iron bioavailability may provide additional measures to reduce iron uptake from the foods. This could stimulate the patients' active cooperation in the treatment of their disorder and reduce the number of phlebotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Thorm Milman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Næstved Hospital, University College Zealand, DK-4700 Næstved, Denmark
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Nguyen PH, Sanghvi T, Kim SS, Tran LM, Afsana K, Mahmud Z, Aktar B, Menon P. Factors influencing maternal nutrition practices in a large scale maternal, newborn and child health program in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179873. [PMID: 28692689 PMCID: PMC5503174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving maternal nutrition practices during pregnancy is essential to save lives and improve health outcomes for both mothers and babies. This paper examines the maternal, household, and health service factors influencing maternal nutrition practices in the context of a large scale maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) program in Bangladesh. Data were from a household survey of pregnant (n = 600) and recently delivered women (n = 2,000). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the determinants of three outcomes: consumption of iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets, calcium tablets, and diverse diets. Women consumed 94 ± 68 IFA and 82 ± 66 calcium tablets (out of 180 as recommended) during pregnancy, and only half of them consumed an adequately diverse diet. Good nutrition knowledge was the key maternal factor associated with higher consumption of IFA (β = 32.5, 95% CI: 19.5, 45.6) and calcium tablets (β ~31.9, 95% CI: 20.9, 43.0) and diverse diet (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.1), compared to poor knowledge. Women's self-efficacy in achieving the recommended practices and perception of enabling social norms were significantly associated with dietary diversity. At the household level, women who reported a high level of husband's support were more likely to consume IFA (β = 25.0, 95% CI: 18.0, 32.1) and calcium (β = 26.6, 95% CI: 19.4, 33.7) tablets and diverse diet (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), compared to those who received low support. Health service factors associated with higher intakes of IFA and calcium tablets were early and more prenatal care visits and receipt of free supplements. Combined exposure to several of these factors was attributed to the consumption of an additional 46 IFA and 53 calcium tablets and 17% higher proportions of women consuming diverse diets. Our study shows that improving knowledge, self-efficacy and perceptions of social norms among pregnant women, and increasing husbands' support, early registration in prenatal care, and provision of free supplements will largely improve maternal nutrition practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H. Nguyen
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Tina Sanghvi
- Alive & Thrive, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sunny S. Kim
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lan M. Tran
- Alive & Thrive, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Zeba Mahmud
- Alive & Thrive, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Purnima Menon
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Hovaneţ MV, Anghel AI, Popescu CV, Negreş S. A Survey of Plant Iron Content-A Semi-Systematic Review. Nutrients 2015; 7:10320-51. [PMID: 26690470 PMCID: PMC4690087 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential mineral nutrient for all living organisms, involved in a plurality of biological processes. Its deficit is the cause of the most common form of anemia in the world: iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This paper reviews iron content in various parts of 1228 plant species and its absorption from herbal products, based on data collected from the literature in a semi-systematic manner. Five hundred genera randomly selected from the Angiosperms group, 215 genera from the Pteridophytes groups and all 95 Gymnosperm genera as listed in the Plant List version 1.1 were used as keywords together with the word "iron" in computerized searches. Iron data about additional genera returned by those searches were extracted and included in the analysis. In total, iron content values for a number of 1228 species, 5 subspecies, and 5 varieties were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare iron contents in various plant parts (whole plant, roots, stems, shoots, leaves, aerial parts, flowers, fruits, seeds, wood, bark, other parts) and exploratory analyses by taxonomic groups and life-forms were carried out. The absorption and potential relevance of herbal iron for iron supplementation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 20956, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 20956, Romania.
| | - Marilena Viorica Hovaneţ
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 20956, Romania.
| | - Adriana Iuliana Anghel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 20956, Romania.
| | - Carmen Violeta Popescu
- Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Parasitology, "Vasile Goldis" Western University, Arad; S.C. Hofigal S.A, Bucharest 042124, Romania.
| | - Simona Negreş
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 20956, Romania.
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Beck KL, Conlon CA, Kruger R, Coad J. Dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency for young women living in industrialized countries: a review. Nutrients 2014; 6:3747-76. [PMID: 25244367 PMCID: PMC4179187 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a concern in both developing and developed (industrialized) countries; and young women are particularly vulnerable. This review investigates dietary determinants of and possible solutions to iron deficiency in young women living in industrialized countries. Dietary factors including ascorbic acid and an elusive factor in animal protein foods (meat; fish and poultry) enhance iron absorption; while phytic acid; soy protein; calcium and polyphenols inhibit iron absorption. However; the effects of these dietary factors on iron absorption do not necessarily translate into an association with iron status and iron stores (serum ferritin concentration). In cross-sectional studies; only meat intake has consistently (positively) been associated with higher serum ferritin concentrations. The enhancing effects of ascorbic acid and meat on iron absorption may be negated by the simultaneous consumption of foods and nutrients which are inhibitory. Recent cross-sectional studies have considered the combination and timing of foods consumed; with mixed results. Dietary interventions using a range of focused dietary measures to improve iron status appear to be more effective than dietary approaches that focus on single nutrients or foods. Further research is needed to determine optimal dietary recommendations for both the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Beck
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
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7
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Khan WU, Shafique S, Shikder H, Shakur YA, Sellen DW, Chowdhury JS, Zlotkin SH. Home fortification with calcium reduces Hb response to iron among anaemic Bangladeshi infants consuming a new multi-micronutrient powder formulation. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1578-86. [PMID: 23816321 PMCID: PMC10282337 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the recommended dietary intake of Ca in anaemic infants compromises the expected Hb response, via home fortification with a new Ca- and Fe-containing Sprinkles™ micronutrient powder (MNP). DESIGN A double-blind, randomized controlled, 2-month trial was conducted in Bangladesh. Infants were randomized to one of two MNP intervention groups containing Fe and other micronutrients, with or without Ca. Hb, anthropometrics and dietary intake were measured pre- and post-intervention while family demographics were collected at baseline. SETTING Twenty-six rural villages in the Kaliganj sub-district of Gazipur, Bangladesh. SUBJECTS One hundred infants aged 6-11 months. RESULTS A significant increase in Hb (MNP, 13·3 (sd 12·6) g/l v. Ca-MNP, 7·6 (sd 11·6) g/l; P < 0·0001) was noted in infants from both groups. However, infants receiving MNP without Ca had a significantly higher end-point Hb concentration (P = 0·024) and rate of anaemia recovery (P = 0·008). Infants receiving MNP with Ca were more likely to remain anaemic (OR 3·2; 95 % CI 1·4, 7·5). Groups did not differ in dietary intake or demographic and anthropometric indicators. CONCLUSIONS Although both groups showed significant improvement in Hb status, the nutrient-nutrient interaction between Fe and Ca may have diminished the Hb response in infants receiving the Ca-containing MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ullah Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Room 8263, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sohana Shafique
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Room 8263, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Yaseer Abdul Shakur
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Room 8263, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Stanley H Zlotkin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Room 8263, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Guo L, Harnedy PA, Li B, Hou H, Zhang Z, Zhao X, FitzGerald RJ. Food protein-derived chelating peptides: Biofunctional ingredients for dietary mineral bioavailability enhancement. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Saeidy S, Keramat J, Nasirpour A. Microencapsulation of Calcium Using Water-in-Oil-in-Water Double Emulsion Method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.788453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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One-month of calcium supplementation does not affect iron bioavailability: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2014; 30:44-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Toxqui L, Pérez-Granados AM, Blanco-Rojo R, Wright I, González-Vizcayno C, Vaquero MP. Effects of an Iron or Iron and Vitamin D–Fortified Flavored Skim Milk on Iron Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial in Iron-Deficient Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 32:312-20. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.826116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Physicochemical properties of calcium-fortified soymilk with microencapsulated and chelated calcium salt. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Phan O, Maillard M, Peregaux C, Mordasini D, Stehle JC, Funk F, Burnier M. PA21, a new iron-based noncalcium phosphate binder, prevents vascular calcification in chronic renal failure rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:281-9. [PMID: 23697346 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcifications. We evaluated the efficacy of PA21, a new iron-based noncalcium phosphate binder, in controlling phosphocalcic disorders and preventing vascular calcifications in uremic rats. Rats with adenine-diet-induced CRF were randomized to receive either PA21 0.5, 1.5, or 5% or CaCO3 3% in the diet for 4 weeks, and were compared with uremic and nonuremic control groups. After 4 weeks of phosphate binder treatment, serum calcium, creatinine, and body weight were similar between all CRF groups. Serum phosphorus was reduced with CaCO3 3% (2.06 mM; P ≤ 0.001), PA21 1.5% (2.29 mM; P < 0.05), and PA21 5% (2.21 mM; P ≤ 0.001) versus CRF controls (2.91 mM). Intact parathyroid hormone was strongly reduced in the PA21 5% and CaCO3 3% CRF groups to a similar extent (1138 and 1299 pg/ml, respectively) versus CRF controls (3261 pg/ml; both P ≤ 0.001). A lower serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration was observed in the PA21 5%, compared with CaCO3 3% and CRF, control groups. PA21 5% CRF rats had a lower vascular calcification score compared with CaCO3 3% CRF rats and CRF controls. In conclusion, PA21 was as effective as CaCO3 at controlling phosphocalcic disorders but superior in preventing the development of vascular calcifications in uremic rats. Thus, PA21 represents a possible alternative to calcium-based phosphate binders in CRF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Phan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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van den Berg K, van Hasselt J, Bloch E, Crookes R, Kelley J, Berger J, Ingram C, Dippenaar A, Thejpal R, Littleton N, Elliz T, Reubenson G, Cotton M, Hull JC, Moodley P, Goga Y, Eldridge W, Patel M, Hefer E, Bird A. A review of the use of blood and blood products in HIV-infected patients. South Afr J HIV Med 2012; 13:87-104. [PMID: 28479876 PMCID: PMC5419681 DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v13i2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous publications on the appropriate use of blood and blood products, few specifically consider the role of transfusion in the management of HIV. This review is a synthesis of conditions encountered in the management of HIV-infected patients where the transfusion of blood or blood products may be indicated. A consistent message emerging from the review is that the principles of transfusion medicine do not differ between HIV-negative and -positive patients. The aim of the review is to provide clinicians with a practical and succinct overview of the haematological abnormalities and clinical circumstances most commonly encountered in the HIV setting, while focusing on the rational and appropriate use of blood and blood products for HIV patients. Important ethical considerations in dealing with both the collection and transfusion blood and blood products in the HIV era have also been addressed.
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15
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Geissler C, Singh M. Iron, meat and health. Nutrients 2011; 3:283-316. [PMID: 22254098 PMCID: PMC3257743 DOI: 10.3390/nu3030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a summary of the publication "Iron and Health" by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) to the U.K. Government (2010), which reviews the dietary intake of iron and the impact of different dietary patterns on the nutritional and health status of the U.K. population. It concludes that several uncertainties make it difficult to determine dose-response relationships or to confidently characterize the risks associated with iron deficiency or excess. The publication makes several recommendations concerning iron intakes from food, including meat, and from supplements, as well as recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Geissler
- Nutritional Sciences Division, King’s College London and MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Mamta Singh
- Department of Health, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK;
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Gold kiwifruit consumed with an iron-fortified breakfast cereal meal improves iron status in women with low iron stores: a 16-week randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:101-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, and more recently, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin have been shown to enhance Fe absorption. However, it is not clear whether Fe status improves when foods high in ascorbic acid and carotenoids are consumed with Fe-fortified meals. The present study aimed to investigate whether consuming highv.low ascorbic acid-, lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich fruit (gold kiwifruitv.banana) with Fe-fortified breakfast cereal and milk improved Fe status in women with low Fe stores. Healthy women aged 18–44 years (n89) with low Fe stores (serum ferritin ≤ 25 μg/l and Hb ≥ 115 g/l) were randomly stratified to receive Fe-fortified breakfast cereal (16 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate), milk and either two gold kiwifruit or one banana (164 mgv.not detectable ascorbic acid; 526v.22·90 μg lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively) at breakfast every day for 16 weeks. Biomarkers of Fe status and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and end in the final sample (n69). Median serum ferritin increased significantly in the kiwifruit group (n33) compared with the banana group (n36), with 10·0 (25th, 75th percentiles 3·0, 17·5)v.1·0 (25th, 75th percentiles − 2·8, 6·5) μg/l (P < 0·001). Median soluble transferrin receptor concentrations decreased significantly in the kiwifruit group compared with the banana group, with − 0·5 (25th, 75th percentiles − 0·7, − 0·1)v.0·0 (25th, 75th percentiles − 0·3, 0·4) mg/l (P = 0·001). Consumption of an Fe-fortified breakfast cereal with kiwifruit compared with banana improved Fe status. Addition of an ascorbic acid-, lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich fruit to a breakfast cereal fortified with ferrous sulfate is a feasible approach to improve Fe status in women with low Fe stores.
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17
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Thompson BAV, Sharp PA, Elliott R, Fairweather-Tait SJ. Inhibitory effect of calcium on non-heme iron absorption may be related to translocation of DMT-1 at the apical membrane of enterocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8414-7. [PMID: 20597505 DOI: 10.1021/jf101388z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies show that calcium reduces iron absorption from single meals, but the underlying mechanism is not known. We tested the hypothesis that calcium alters the expression and/or functionality of iron transport proteins. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate and calcium chloride, and ferritin, DMT-1, and ferroportin were quantified in whole-cell lysate and cell-membrane fractions. Calcium attenuated the iron-induced increase in cell ferritin levels in a dose-dependent manner; a significant decrease was seen at calcium concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 mM but was only evident after a 16-24 h incubation period. Calcium and iron treatments decreased DMT-1 protein in Caco-2 cell membranes, although total DMT-1 in whole cell lysates was unchanged by either iron or calcium. No change was seen in ferroportin expression. Our data suggest that calcium reduces iron bioavailability by decreasing DMT-1 expression at the apical cell membrane, thereby downregulating iron transport into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A V Thompson
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Estevez JA, Landete-Castillejos T, García AJ, Ceacero F, Martínez A, Gaspar-López E, Calatayud A, Gallego L. Seasonal variations in plant mineral content and free-choice minerals consumed by deer. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/an09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal differences in mineral contents of plants often consumed by wild red deer located in a fenced game estate, south-eastern Spain. Forage plants were sampled throughout 1 year and analysed for macro and trace mineral concentrations. We also offered a cafeteria set of supplemented minerals to assess whether: (i) intake reflected seasonal reductions in plant content of specific minerals; or (ii) intake of mineral supplements responded to increased deer demand of minerals as a result of greater seasonal needs likely arising from lactation, antler growth or skeletal growth.
Although no significant seasonal trend was found in mineral distributions of plants, our study suggested that concentrations of K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Cu and Zn were usually low in plants available to, and consumed by, deer in the study area. In addition, Cu concentration was marginally deficient when compared with the published requirements for other subspecies of red deer. The cafeteria study showed that free-ranging deer had a strong preference for sodium compounds and zinc sulfate, a much weaker attraction to calcium iodate, and no intake in calcium phosphates, Mg and Fe. Consumption of supplemented minerals by deer was maximum in spring and summer and moderate during autumn and winter.
Rather than increasing intake of minerals in response to their content in plants, deer may be responding to increased metabolic requirements during antler growth, late gestation and early lactation. Supplementation of mineral compounds is recommended, particularly in the spring–summer period, when the physiological activity is high.
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Abstract
We measured non-haem Fe absorption with and without added Ca in a short-term feeding study, in thirteen women with marginal Fe status, by the use of a double stable isotope technique. Supplementing 500 mg Ca as calcium carbonate significantly (P = 0·0009) reduced Fe absorption from a single meal from 10·2 % (range 2·2–40·6) to 4·8 % (range 0·7–18·9). A significant inverse correlation in the absence ( − 0·67,P = 0·010) and presence ( − 0·58,P = 0·037) of Ca, respectively, was found between Fe absorption and Fe stores measured by serum ferritin (SF). Wide variation in Fe absorption was observed between individuals in the absence and in the presence of Ca, despite pre-selection of participants within a relatively narrow range of iron stores (SF concentrations). Correction of Fe absorption data based on group mean SF was not found to be useful in reducing the inter-individual variability in iron absorption. It appears that selecting a study group with a narrow initial range of Fe stores does not necessarily reduce the inter-individual variability in Fe bioavailability measurements. These results support the hypothesis that body Fe stores, although an important determinant of dietary Fe absorption, are not the main factor that determines Fe absorption under conditions of identical dietary intake in subjects with low Fe stores.
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Ahmed A, Anjum FM, Ur Rehman S, Randhawa MA, Farooq U. Bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc fortified whole wheat flour chapatti. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 63:7-13. [PMID: 18004661 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-007-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability and interactive effects of calcium, iron and zinc fortified whole wheat flour chapattis on female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were determined. The whole wheat flour was fortified with CaCO3, FeSO4 and ZnSO4 at 1000, 40 and 20 mg/kg, respectively and fed to 64 female Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Retention of Ca, Fe and Zn was determined in plasma, femur and liver tissues. Ca levels in plasma and liver did not alter significantly while the Ca retention in femur changed significantly with the change in fortificants. The calcium retention was higher in the femur of rats fed on the diet supplemented with Ca + Zn (221 +/- 13.61 mg/g) than the rats fed on the diet supplemented with Ca + Fe (219 +/- 18.92 mg/g). The iron in plasma, liver and femur ranged from 2.19 +/- 0.11 to 2.77 +/- 0.10 microg/ml, 203.5 +/- 13.24 to 251.5 +/- 17.19 microg/g and 43.5 +/- 1.05 to 52 +/- 2.07 microg/g while zinc content ranged from 1.31 +/- 0.089 to 1.55 +/- 0.114 microg/ml, 89.5 +/- 3.41 to 132 +/- 6.10 microg/g and 175 +/- 8.29 to 191 +/- 10.85 microg/g, respectively. The minerals interacted with each other resulting in decrease of bioavailability among each other. The absorption was higher in the rats fed on fortified diet than those fed on unfortified chapatti diet. Hence, it is concluded that fortification of whole wheat flour is feasible to overcome the Ca, Fe and Zn malnutrition in the vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar Ahmed
- Department of Food Technology, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
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21
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Ahn E, Pairaudeau N, Pairaudeau N, Cérat Y, Couturier B, Fortier A, Paradis É, Koren G. A randomized cross over trial of tolerability and compliance of a micronutrient supplement with low iron separated from calcium vs high iron combined with calcium in pregnant women [ISRCTN56071145]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6:10. [PMID: 16595003 PMCID: PMC1481554 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal micronutrient combinations with high iron content are associated with high rates of gastrointestinal symptoms. This coupled with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy results in women often discontinuing their multivitamins. A new prescription supplement (PregVit) that separates iron from calcium in two tablets--morning and evening, has lower elemental iron content (35 mg), but results in similar extent of iron absorption when compared to another supplement containing (60 mg) of elemental iron (Materna). The objectives of this study were to compare tolerability and compliance with PregVit vs. a supplement with high iron content (Materna), in pregnant women. METHODS Randomized, crossover open labeled study in 135 pregnant women attending outpatient clinics in Ontario and Quebec. RESULTS Use of PregVit was associated with a 30% reduction in constipation rate as compared to Materna. Both products demonstrated similar compliance rates. Compliance of Materna was negatively associated with the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. No such correlation was found for PregVvit. CONCLUSION PregVit, a supplement with lower iron content (35 mg), has significantly decreased constipation rates as compared to 60 mg iron--Materna and has similar compliance rates. High iron content in multivitamin supplements is associated with adverse effects in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ahn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicholas Pairaudeau
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicholas Pairaudeau
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Gideon Koren
- The University of Toronto, Clinique de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Pierre Boucher, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element in human nutrition and its deficiency is a world nutritional problem. Due to the high prevalence of anaemia in developing and industrialized countries, it is necessary to maintain a suitable iron intake through diet in order to achieve an appropriate status of this element in the body. For this reason, accurate knowledge of iron availability of foods is essential in order to plan intervention strategies that improve deficient situations of this nutrient. Regarding to the two forms of iron present in foods, heme iron has greater availability than non-heme iron. Beside this, non-heme iron availability is conditioned by several dietary factors, such as classic factors (meat, ascorbic acid, fibre, phytic acid, polyphenols) and new factors (caseinophosphopeptides and fructo-oligosaccharides with prebiotic characteristics). For that reason, the aim of this paper is to accurately review all investigations reported in the past decade related to dietetic factors that influence the bioavailability of different iron forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Amaro López
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Spain.
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23
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Mølgaard C, Kæstel P, Michaelsen KF. Long-term calcium supplementation does not affect the iron status of 12–14-y-old girls. Am J Clin Nutr 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mølgaard
- From the Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pernille Kæstel
- From the Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- From the Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Ahn E, Kapur B, Koren G. Iron bioavailability in prenatal multivitamin supplements with separated and combined iron and calcium. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2005; 26:809-14. [PMID: 15361277 DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(16)30153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare iron absorption of a prenatal multivitamin supplement containing both iron and calcium (HICA) to that of another multivitamin containing a lower iron dose and no calcium (LI). METHODS In a crossover study, serum iron was measured in 12 healthy women administered HICA and LI separately on 2 different occasions. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours after administration of each supplement. RESULTS The values of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were not significantly different between LI (79.1 +/- 36.0 micro M*h) and HICA (91.4 +/- 50.4 micro M*h) (P =.37). After standardizing the AUC for dose, the relative absorption over the 8-hour time period was significantly higher for LI (2.3 +/-.0 micro M*h/mg) than for HICA (1.5 +/- 0.8 micro M*h/mg) (P =.021). CONCLUSION The absorption of iron from a low-iron-containing supplement was similar to that from a supplement with almost twice the amount of iron, due possibly to the exclusion of calcium in the LI product. Thus, while offering similar amounts of iron, the LI supplement may be better tolerated by women who are sensitive to iron-induced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ahn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology,The Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto ON
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25
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Abstract
High serum cholesterol, hypertension and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and together with insulin resistance form a deadly disorder referred to as the metabolic syndrome. All the aspects of this syndrome are strongly related to dietary and lifestyle factors; therefore, it would be reasonable to look for dietary approaches to their modification. Mineral nutrients, such as calcium, potassium and magnesium, lower blood pressure, and especially calcium has beneficial effects also on serum lipids. Recent evidence suggests that increased intake of calcium may help in weight control as well. This review summarizes previous literature on the effects and use of dietary minerals on serum lipids, blood pressure and obesity, with specific focus on the effects of calcium. Calcium and magnesium as divalent cations can form insoluble soaps with fatty acids in the intestine and thus prevent the absorption of part of the dietary fat. Decreased absorption of saturated fat leads to reduction in serum cholesterol level via decreased production of VLDL and increased intake of LDL in the liver. Dietary calcium may also bind bile acids, which increases the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. Furthermore, calcium appears to enhance the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols. Thus, dietary combination of the mineral nutrients and plant sterols provides a promising novel approach to the modification of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vaskonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Miglioranza LHS, Matsuo T, Caballero-Córdoba GM, Dichi JB, Cyrino ES, Oliveira IBN, Martins MS, Polezer NM, Dichi I. Effect of long-term fortification of whey drink with ferrous bisglycinate on anemia prevalence in children and adolescents from deprived areas in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Nutrition 2003; 19:419-21. [PMID: 12714093 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fortification of food with iron is considered the best sustainable way of preventing iron deficiency when an appropriate diet is not available. The most difficult challenge is to find the ideal combination of iron fortification compound and food vehicle. We investigated the effect of cheese whey drink with 15% of frozen strawberry fortified with ferrous bisglycinate on hemoglobin values in children and adolescents. METHODS The assessed population participates in Public Educational Centers in Londrina, Paraná (southern Brazil), which assist families living in precarious socioeconomic conditions (annual income < 500.00 US dollars per capita). Hemoglobin was measured for 1 y with a Hemocue portable photometer. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin values below 12 g/dL. Thus, hemoglobin was verified in 467 (7 to 14 y) individuals (249 boys and 218 girls). RESULTS Although anemia prevalence did not decrease after 3 mo, there was a statistically significant decrease from 41.9% at the beginning of the study to 26.4% after 6 mo (P < 0.001) and to 9.6% after 1 y (P < 0.001). Statistically significant changes (mean +/- standard deviation) were observed between children and adolescents with hemoglobin values below 11 g/dL (increase of 2.2 +/- 1.03) and above 12 g/dL (increase of 0.35 +/- 1.07; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION There was a marked reduction in the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescents after long-term fortification of whey drink with ferrous bisglycinate.
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Harris SS. The effect of calcium consumption on iron absorption and iron status. NUTRITION IN CLINICAL CARE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF TUFTS UNIVERSITY 2002; 5:231-5. [PMID: 12455225 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.05505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in recommended calcium intakes recognize the important role of calcium in skeletal health, but many Americans, especially women, consume far less than recommended amounts. A potential drawback to encouraging increased calcium intake is suggested by the extensive literature showing an adverse effect of high calcium intake on dietary iron absorption, at least in short, highly controlled, experimental studies. However, the applicability of short-term studies involving test meals to long-term iron absorption and iron status is limited given the variety of foods and food combinations in self-selected diets and the ability of individuals to adapt to reduced iron intake. In general, studies of whole diets and studies conducted over several weeks tend to show no effect of increased calcium intake on iron absorption. In addition, experimental studies of calcium and iron status measures such as serum ferritin show no long-term effect of calcium supplementation on iron status. Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency should emphasize adequate consumption of iron-rich foods and, when indicated, the use of iron supplements. Recommended calcium intakes are important for skeletal health and do not appear to increase the risk for iron deficiency in healthy people.
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