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Iqbal MA, Hadlich F, Reyer H, Oster M, Trakooljul N, Murani E, Perdomo‐Sabogal A, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. RNA-Seq-based discovery of genetic variants and allele-specific expression of two layer lines and broiler chicken. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1135-1153. [PMID: 37360029 PMCID: PMC10286233 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the selective breeding of broilers and layers have made poultry production one of the fastest-growing industries. In this study, a transcriptome variant calling approach from RNA-seq data was used to determine population diversity between broilers and layers. In total, 200 individuals were analyzed from three different chicken populations (Lohmann Brown (LB), n = 90), Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL, n = 89), and Broiler (BR, n = 21). The raw RNA-sequencing reads were pre-processed, quality control checked, mapped to the reference genome, and made compatible with Genome Analysis ToolKit for variant detection. Subsequently, pairwise fixation index (F ST) analysis was performed between broilers and layers. Numerous candidate genes were identified, that were associated with growth, development, metabolism, immunity, and other economically significant traits. Finally, allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis was performed in the gut mucosa of LB and LSL strains at 10, 16, 24, 30, and 60 weeks of age. At different ages, the two-layer strains showed significantly different allele-specific expressions in the gut mucosa, and changes in allelic imbalance were observed across the entire lifespan. Most ASE genes are involved in energy metabolism, including sirtuin signaling pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A high number of ASE genes were found during the peak of laying, which were particularly enriched in cholesterol biosynthesis. These findings indicate that genetic architecture as well as biological processes driving particular demands relate to metabolic and nutritional requirements during the laying period shape allelic heterogeneity. These processes are considerably affected by breeding and management, whereby elucidating allele-specific gene regulation is an essential step towards deciphering the genotype to phenotype map or functional diversity between the chicken populations. Additionally, we observed that several genes showing significant allelic imbalance also colocalized with the top 1% of genes identified by the FST approach, suggesting a fixation of genes in cis-regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
| | - Michael Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
| | | | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity RostockRostockGermany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal BiologyInstitute of Genome BiologyDummerstorfGermany
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Costa-Fujishima M, Yazdanpanah A, Horne S, Lamont A, Lopez P, Farr Zuend C, Birse K, Taverner M, Greenslade R, Abou M, Noel-Romas L, Abrenica B, Ajibola O, Ikeogu N, Su RC, McKinnon LR, Pymar H, Poliquin V, Berard AR, Burgener AD, Murooka TT. Nonoptimal bacteria species induce neutrophil-driven inflammation and barrier disruption in the female genital tract. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:341-356. [PMID: 37121385 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment and activation within the female genital tract are often associated with tissue inflammation, loss of vaginal epithelial barrier integrity, and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV-1. However, the direct role of neutrophils on vaginal epithelial barrier function during genital inflammation in vivo remains unclear. Using complementary proteome and immunological analyses, we show high neutrophil influx into the lower female genital tract in response to physiological surges in progesterone, stimulating distinct stromal, immunological, and metabolic signaling pathways. However, despite the release of extracellular matrix-modifying proteases and inflammatory mediators, neutrophils contributed little to physiological mucosal remodeling events such as epithelial shedding or re-epithelialization during transition from diestrus to estrus phase. In contrast, the presence of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria resulted in a rapid and sustained neutrophil recruitment, resulting in vaginal epithelial barrier leakage and decreased cell-cell junction protein expression in vivo. Thus, neutrophils are important mucosal sentinels that rapidly respond to various biological cues within the female genital tract, dictating the magnitude and duration of the ensuing inflammatory response at steady state and during disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Costa-Fujishima
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Atta Yazdanpanah
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Samantha Horne
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alana Lamont
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christina Farr Zuend
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Kenzie Birse
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Morgan Taverner
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Riley Greenslade
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Max Abou
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Laura Noel-Romas
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Helen Pymar
- University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vanessa Poliquin
- University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Alicia R Berard
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Adam D Burgener
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Serum Amyloid A is not obligatory for high-fat, high-sucrose, cholesterol-fed diet-induced obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266688. [PMID: 35436297 PMCID: PMC9015120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in the past have reported positive correlations between circulating Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and obesity. However, based on limited number of studies involving appropriate mouse models, the role of SAA in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences has not been established. Accordingly, herein, we have examined the role of SAA in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo using mice deficient for all three inducible forms of SAA: SAA1.1, SAA2.1 and SAA3 (TKO). Male and female mice were rendered obese by feeding a high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) and control mice were fed rodent chow diet. Here, we show that the deletion of SAA does not affect diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism or adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was a modest effect on glucose metabolism. The results of this study confirm previous findings that SAA levels are elevated in adipose tissues as well as in the circulation in diet-induced obese mice. However, the three acute phase SAAs do not play a causative role in the development of obesity or obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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Acute Inflammation Is a Predisposing Factor for Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030623. [PMID: 35335996 PMCID: PMC8954490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of infection and intense endotoxemia processes, induction of a catabolic state leading to weight loss is observed in mice and humans. However, the late effects of acute inflammation on energy homeostasis, regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism are yet to be elucidated. Here, we addressed whether serial intense endotoxemia, characterized by an acute phase response and weight loss, could be an aggravating or predisposing factor to weight gain and associated metabolic complications. Male Swiss Webster mice were submitted to 8 consecutive doses of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg LPS), followed by 10 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD). LPS-treated mice did not show changes in weight when fed standard chow. However, when challenged by a high-fat diet, LPS-treated mice showed greater weight gain, with larger fat depot areas, increased serum leptin and insulin levels and impaired insulin sensitivity when compared to mice on HFD only. Acute endotoxemia caused a long-lasting increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as TLR-4, CD14 and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the adipose tissue, which may represent the key factors connecting inflammation to increased susceptibility to weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. In an independent experimental model, and using publicly available microarray data from adipose tissue from mice infected with Gram-negative bacteria, we performed gene set enrichment analysis and confirmed upregulation of a set of genes responsible for cell proliferation and inflammation, including TLR-4 and SAA. Together, we showed that conditions leading to intense and recurring endotoxemia, such as common childhood bacterial infections, may resound for a long time and aggravate the effects of a western diet. If confirmed in humans, infections should be considered an additional factor contributing to obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics.
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Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M. Multipotential and systemic effects of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577619. [PMID: 34058510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality of people at all ages. Biochemical, cellular and physiological events that occur during primary injury lead to a delayed and long-term secondary damage that can last from hours to years. Secondary brain injury causes tissue damage in the central nervous system and a subsequent strong and rapid inflammatory response that may lead to persistent inflammation. However, this inflammatory response is not limited to the brain. Inflammatory mediators are transferred from damaged brain tissue to the bloodstream and produce a systemic inflammatory response in peripheral organs, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal and endocrine systems. Complications of TBI are associated with its multiple and systemic effects that should be considered in the treatment of TBI patients. Therefore, in this review, an attempt was made to examine the systemic effects of TBI in detail. It is hoped that this review will identify the mechanisms of injury and complications of TBI, and open a window for promising treatment in TBI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Sabet
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Abouelasrar Salama S, De Bondt M, De Buck M, Berghmans N, Proost P, Oliveira VLS, Amaral FA, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Serum Amyloid A1 (SAA1) Revisited: Restricted Leukocyte-Activating Properties of Homogeneous SAA1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 32477346 PMCID: PMC7240019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection, sterile injury, and chronic inflammation trigger the acute phase response in order to re-establish homeostasis. This response includes production of positive acute phase proteins in the liver, such as members of the serum amyloid A (SAA) family. In humans the major acute phase SAAs comprise a group of closely related variants of SAA1 and SAA2. SAA1 was proven to be chemotactic for several leukocyte subtypes through activation of the G protein-coupled receptor FPRL1/FPR2. Several other biological activities of SAA1, such as cytokine induction, reported to be mediated via TLRs, have been debated recently. Especially commercial SAA1, recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli, was found to be contaminated with bacterial products confounding biological assays performed with this rSAA1. We purified rSAA1 by RP-HPLC to homogeneity, removing contaminants such as lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins and formylated peptides, and re-assessed several biological activities attributed to SAA1 (chemotaxis, cytokine induction, MMP-9 release, ROS generation, and macrophage differentiation). The homogeneous rSAA1 (hrSAA1) lacked most cell-activating properties, but its leukocyte-recruiting capacity in vivo and it’s in vitro synergy with other leukocyte attractants remained preserved. Furthermore, hrSAA1 maintained the ability to promote monocyte survival. This indicates that pure hrSAA1 retains its potential to activate FPR2, whereas TLR-mediated effects seem to be related to traces of bacterial TLR ligands in the E. coli-produced human rSAA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke De Buck
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavio A Amaral
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota. Blood 2019; 133:2168-2177. [PMID: 30898860 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-844555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of the host immunity by the induction, functional modulation, or suppression of local and systemic immune responses. In return, the host immune system restricts translocation and fine tunes the composition and distribution of the microbiota to maintain a beneficial symbiosis. This paradigm applies to neutrophils, a critical component of the innate immunity, allowing their production and function to be influenced by microbial components and metabolites derived from the microbiota, and engaging them in the process of microbiota containment and regulation. The cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota adjusts the magnitude of neutrophil-mediated inflammation on challenge while preventing neutrophil responses against commensals under steady state. Here, we review the major molecular and cellular mediators of the interactions between neutrophils and the microbiota and discuss their interplay and contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Murdoch CC, Espenschied ST, Matty MA, Mueller O, Tobin DM, Rawls JF. Intestinal Serum amyloid A suppresses systemic neutrophil activation and bactericidal activity in response to microbiota colonization. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007381. [PMID: 30845179 PMCID: PMC6405052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota influences the development and function of myeloid lineages such as neutrophils, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unresolved. Using gnotobiotic zebrafish, we identified the immune effector Serum amyloid A (Saa) as one of the most highly induced transcripts in digestive tissues following microbiota colonization. Saa is a conserved secreted protein produced in the intestine and liver with described effects on neutrophils in vitro, however its in vivo functions remain poorly defined. We engineered saa mutant zebrafish to test requirements for Saa on innate immunity in vivo. Zebrafish mutant for saa displayed impaired neutrophil responses to wounding but augmented clearance of pathogenic bacteria. At baseline, saa mutants exhibited moderate neutrophilia and altered neutrophil tissue distribution. Molecular and functional analyses of isolated neutrophils revealed that Saa suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory markers and bactericidal activity. Saa's effects on neutrophils depended on microbiota colonization, suggesting this protein mediates the microbiota's effects on host innate immunity. To test tissue-specific roles of Saa on neutrophil function, we over-expressed saa in the intestine or liver and found that sufficient to partially complement neutrophil phenotypes observed in saa mutants. These results indicate Saa produced by the intestine in response to microbiota serves as a systemic signal to neutrophils to restrict aberrant activation, decreasing inflammatory tone and bacterial killing potential while simultaneously enhancing their ability to migrate to wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C. Murdoch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Espenschied
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Molly A. Matty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Kutyrev I, Cleveland B, Leeds T, Wiens GD. Proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression kinetics following challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum in resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:542-553. [PMID: 27693200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp) is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) which causes appreciable economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture. We previously reported development of a genetic line, designated ARS-Fp-R that exhibits higher survival relative to a susceptible line, designated ARS-Fp-S, following either laboratory or natural on-farm challenge. The objectives of this study were to determine the temporal kinetics of gene expression between experimentally-challenged ARS-Fp-R and ARS-Fp-S fish and the correlation between gene expression and pathogen load. We developed a GeXP multiplex RT-PCR assay to simultaneously examine expression of immune-relevant genes, concentrating on tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 ligand/receptor systems and acute phase response genes. Spleen tissue was sampled at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 144 h post-challenge and pathogen load quantified by qPCR. Transcript abundance of cytokine genes tnfa1, tnfa2, tnfa3, il1b1, il1b2, il11a; acute phase response genes saa and drtp1; and putative cytokine receptors il1r1-like-b, il1r2, tnfrsf1a, tnfrsf9, tnfrsf1a-like-b increased following challenge while the transcript abundance of il1r-like-1 and tnfrsf1a-like-a decreased compared to PBS-injected line-matched control fish. Principal component analysis identified transcript levels of genes il1r-like-1 and tnfrsf1a-like-a as exhibiting differential expression between genetic lines. In summary, Fp i.p. injection challenge elicited a proinflammatory cytokine gene expression response in the spleen, with ARS-Fp-R line fish exhibiting modestly higher basal expression levels of several putative cytokine receptors. This study furthers the understanding of the immune response following Fp challenge and differences in gene expression associated with selective breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kutyrev
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA; Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanovoi St., 6, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Beth Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Timothy Leeds
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
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de Oliveira EM, Ascar TP, Silva JC, Sandri S, Migliorini S, Fock RA, Campa A. Serum amyloid A links endotoxaemia to weight gain and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1760-8. [PMID: 27126803 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pre-adipocytes and adipocytes are responsive to the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA). The combined effects triggered by SAA encompass an increase in pre-adipocyte proliferation, an induction of TNF-α and IL-6 release and a decrease in glucose uptake in mature adipocytes, strongly supporting a role for SAA in obesity and related comorbidities. This study addressed whether SAA depletion modulates weight gain and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS Male Swiss Webster mice were fed an HFD for 10 weeks under an SAA-targeted antisense oligonucleotide (ASOSAA) treatment in order to evaluate the role of SAA in weight gain. RESULTS With ASOSAA treatment, mice receiving an HFD did not differ in energy intake when compared with their controls, but were prevented from gaining weight and developing insulin resistance. The phenotype was characterised by a lack of adipose tissue expansion, with low accumulation of epididymal, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous fat content and decreased inflammatory markers, such as SAA3 and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression, as well as macrophage infiltration into the adipose tissue. Furthermore, a metabolic status similar to chow-fed mice counterparts could be observed, with equivalent levels of leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I, SAA, fasting glucose and insulin, and remarkable improvement in glucose and insulin tolerance test profiles. Surprisingly, the expected HFD-induced metabolic endotoxaemia was also prevented by the ASOSAA treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study provides further evidence of the role of SAA in weight gain and insulin resistance. Moreover, we also suggest that beyond its proliferative and inflammatory effects, SAA is part of the lipopolysaccharide signalling pathway that links inflammation to obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson M de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thais P Ascar
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline C Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silene Migliorini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Fock
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 580 Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Boutin SR, Rogers AB, Shen Z, Fry RC, Love JA, Nambiar PR, Suerbaum S, Fox JG. Hepatic Temporal Gene Expression Profiling in Helicobacter hepaticus-Infected A/JCr Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:678-93. [PMID: 15513911 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490524058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter hepaticus infection of A/JCr mice is a model of infectious liver cancer. We monitored hepatic global gene expression profiles in H. hepaticus infected and control male A/JCr mice at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of age using an Affymetrix-based oligonucleotide microarray platform on the premise that a specific genetic expression signature at isolated time points would be indicative of disease status. Model based expression index comparisons generated by dChip yielded consistent profiles of differential gene expression for H. hepaticus infected male mice with progressive liver disease versus uninfected control mice within each age group. Linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis allowed segregation of mice based on combined age and lesion status, or age alone. Up-regulation of putative tumor markers correlated with advancing hepatocellular dysplasia. Transcriptionally down-regulated genes in mice with liver lesions included those related to peroxisome proliferator, fatty acid, and steroid metabolism pathways. In conclusion, transcriptional profiling of hepatic genes documented gene expression signatures in the livers of H. hepaticus infected male A/JCr mice with chronic progressive hepatitis and preneoplastic liver lesions, complemented the histopathological diagnosis, and suggested molecular targets for the monitoring and intervention of disease progression prior to the onset of hepatocellular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Boutin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Hepatic expression of serum amyloid A1 is induced by traumatic brain injury and modulated by telmisartan. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:2641-52. [PMID: 26435412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury affects the whole body in addition to the direct impact on the brain. The systemic response to trauma is associated with the hepatic acute-phase response. To further characterize this response, we performed controlled cortical impact injury on male mice and determined the expression of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an apolipoprotein, induced at the early stages of the acute-phase response in liver and plasma. After cortical impact injury, induction of SAA1 was detectable in plasma at 6 hours post-injury and in liver at 1 day post-injury, followed by gradual diminution over time. In the liver, cortical impact injury increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and expression of mRNA encoding the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL10. An increase in angiotensin II AT1 receptor mRNA at 3 days post-injury was also observed. Administration of the AT1 receptor antagonist telmisartan 1 hour post-injury significantly decreased liver SAA1 levels and CXCL10 mRNA expression, but did not affect CXCL1 expression or the number of apoptotic cells or infiltrating leukocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that SAA1 is induced in the liver after traumatic brain injury and that telmisartan prevents this response. Elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of the liver after brain injury will assist in understanding the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to brain injury.
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Kovacevic N, Belosevic M. Molecular and functional characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) Serum Amyloid A. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:942-953. [PMID: 26523984 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative expression analysis of goldfish SAA revealed the highest mRNA levels in the kidney, spleen and intestine with lower mRNA levels in muscle and liver. Goldfish SAA was differentially expressed in goldfish immune cells with highest mRNA levels observed in neutrophils. To functionally assess goldfish SAA, recombinant protein (rgSAA) was generated by prokaryotic expression and functionally characterized. Monocytes and macrophages treated with rgSAA exhibited differential gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. rgSAA induced gene expression of both pro-inflammatory (TNFα1, TNFα2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ) in monocytes. rgSAA induced IL-1β1 and SAA gene expression in macrophages. rgSAA was chemotactic to macrophages and neutrophils, but not monocytes. rgSAA did not affect respiratory burst induced by heat-killed Aeromonas salmonicida. rgSAA treatment of macrophages down-regulated their production of nitric oxide. rgSAA exhibited antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli in a concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kovacevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Serum amyloid A as a marker of persistent inflammation and an indicator of cardiovascular and renal involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:793628. [PMID: 25525305 PMCID: PMC4265690 DOI: 10.1155/2014/793628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory disease. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein, involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess serum concentration of SAA in RA patients, with reference to other inflammatory parameters and markers of extra-articular involvement. METHODS The study population consisted of 140 RA patients, low/moderate disease activity (L/MDA) in 98 (70%) patients and high disease activity (HDA) in 42 (30%). Comprehensive clinical and laboratory assessment was performed with evaluation of electrocardiogram and carotid intima-media thickness. RESULTS The mean SAA concentration [327.0 (263.4) mg/L] was increased highly above the normal value, even in patients with L/MDA. Simultaneously, SAA was significantly higher in patients with HDA versus L/MDA. The mean SAA concentration was significantly higher in patients treated with glucocorticoids, was inversely associated with QTc duration, and was markedly higher in patients with atherosclerotic plaques, emphasizing increased CV risk. SAA was significantly higher in patients with increased cystatin-C level. CONCLUSIONS In RA patients, high serum SAA concentration was strongly associated with activity of the disease and risk of CV and renal involvement. Recurrent assessment of SAA may facilitate searching patients with persistent inflammation and risk of extra-articular complications.
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15
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Tan SZ, Ooi DSQ, Shen HM, Heng CK. The Atherogenic Effects of Serum Amyloid A are Potentially Mediated via Inflammation and Apoptosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:854-67. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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16
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Chung YM, Goyette J, Tedla N, Hsu K, Geczy CL. S100A12 suppresses pro-inflammatory, but not pro-thrombotic functions of serum amyloid A. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62372. [PMID: 23638054 PMCID: PMC3634854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A12 is elevated in the circulation in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and recent studies indicate pleiotropic functions. Serum amyloid A induces monocyte cytokines and tissue factor. S100A12 did not stimulate IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β or TNF-α production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells but low amounts consistently reduced cytokine mRNA and protein levels induced by serum amyloid A, by ∼49% and ∼46%, respectively. However, S100A12 did not affect serum amyloid A-induced monocyte tissue factor. In marked contrast, LPS-induced cytokines or tissue factor were not suppressed by S100A12. S100A12 did not alter cytokine mRNA stability or the cytokine secretory pathway. S100A12 and serum amyloid A did not appear to form complexes and although they may have common receptors, suppression was unlikely via receptor competition. Serum amyloid A induces cytokines via activation of NF-κB and the MAPK pathways. S100A12 reduced serum amyloid A-, but not LPS-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation to baseline. It did not affect JNK or p38 phosphorylation or the NF-κB pathway. Reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation by S100A12 was unlikely due to changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ flux or to recruitment of phosphatases. We suggest that S100A12 may modulate sterile inflammation by blunting pro-inflammatory properties of lipid-poor serum amyloid A deposited in chronic lesions where both proteins are elevated as a consequence of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ming Chung
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Hsu
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn L. Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids increase ros production by fibroblasts via NADPH oxidase activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58626. [PMID: 23579616 PMCID: PMC3620266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oleic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids on ROS production by 3T3 Swiss and Rat 1 fibroblasts was investigated. Using lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, a dose-dependent increase in extracellular superoxide levels was observed during the treatment of fibroblasts with oleic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. ROS production was dependent on the addition of β-NADH or NADPH to the medium. Diphenyleneiodonium inhibited the effect of oleic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids on fibroblast superoxide release by 79%, 92% and 82%, respectively. Increased levels of p47phox phosphorylation due to fatty acid treatment were detected by Western blotting analyses of fibroblast proteins. Increased p47phox mRNA expression was observed using real-time PCR. The rank order for the fatty acid stimulation of the fibroblast oxidative burst was as follows: γ-linolenic > linoleic > oleic. In conclusion, oleic, linoleic and γ-linolenic acids stimulated ROS production via activation of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex in fibroblasts.
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18
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Dual effect of serum amyloid A on the invasiveness of glioma cells. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:509089. [PMID: 23533307 PMCID: PMC3596950 DOI: 10.1155/2013/509089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence sustains a role for the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) in carcinogenesis and metastasis, and the protein has been suggested as a marker for tumor progression. Nevertheless, the demonstration of a direct activity of SAA on tumor cells is still incipient. We have investigated the effect of human recombinant SAA (rSAA) on two human glioma cell lines, A172 and T98G. rSAA stimulated the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation of both lines, but had dual effects on migration and invasiveness which varied according to the cell line. In T98G, the rSAA increased migration and invasion behaviors whereas in A172 it decreased these behaviors. These findings agree with the effect triggered by rSAA on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities measured in a gelatinolytic assay. rSAA inhibited activity of both MMPs in A172 cells while increasing them in T98G cells. rSAA also affected the production of compounds present in the tumor microenvironment that orchestrate tumor progression, such as IL-8, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). We also observed that both lines expressed all three of the isoforms of SAA: SAA1, SAA2, and SAA4. These data suggest that some tumor cells are responsive to SAA and, in these cases, SAA may have a role in cancer progression that varies according to the cell type.
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Franco AG, Sandri S, Campa A. High-density lipoprotein prevents SAA-induced production of TNF-α in THP-1 monocytic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 106:986-92. [PMID: 22241121 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated whether human serum and lipoproteins, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), affected serum amyloid A (SAA)-induced cytokine release. We verified the effects of SAA on THP-1 cells in serum-free medium compared to medium containing human serum or lipoprotein-deficient serum. SAA-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was higher in the medium containing lipoprotein-deficient serum than in the medium containing normal human serum. The addition of HDL inhibited the SAA-induced TNF-α release in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was specific for HDL and was not affected by low-density lipoprotein or very low-density lipoprotein. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the inhibitory effect of HDL on TNF-α production induced by SAA was less pronounced. However, this effect was significant when HDL was added to lipoprotein-deficient medium. In addition, a similar inhibitory effect was observed for interleukin-1 beta release. These findings confirm the important role of HDL and support our previous hypothesis that HDL inhibits the effects of SAA during SAA transport in the bloodstream. Moreover, the HDL-induced reduction in the proinflammatory activity of SAA emphasizes the involvement of SAA in diseases, such as atherosclerosis, that are characterized by low levels of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Grecco Franco
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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20
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de Moura NR, Cury-Boaventura MF, Santos VC, Levada-Pires AC, Bortolon J, Fiamoncini J, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Hatanaka E. Inflammatory Response and Neutrophil Functions in Players After a Futsal Match. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:2507-14. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823f29b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Aratani H, Segawa T, Itou T, Sakai T. Cloning and quantification of ferret serum amyloid A. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:99-102. [PMID: 22972465 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is used as a biomarker for infections and inflammation in humans and veterinary medicine. We cloned ferret cDNA encoding SAA from the liver of a ferret via reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The sequence of the cDNA clone revealed that ferret SAA has an open reading frame of 387 bp that encodes 129 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of ferret SAA has 96.1, 89.9, 86.0, 83.8, 83.0, 73.8 and 65.3% similarity to the mink, dog, cat, cattle, horse, human and mouse SAA genes, respectively. Compared to human SAA, the deduced ferret SAA amino acid sequence had an insertion of an 8-amino acid fragment between amino acids 88 and 95. Recombinant ferret SAA (rfrSAA) was expressed using an Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain, BL21 Star. Using Western blot analysis, anti-SAA mAb provided with the multispecies SAA ELISA kit reacted with purified rfrSAA. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between the rfrSAA protein and a commercial multispecies SAA ELISA kit. In contrast, rfrSAA was not recognized with the antibodies included in a commercial human SAA ELISA kit. These results suggest that the structure of ferret SAA is antigenically similar to other domestic animal SAAs, and the multispecies ELISA kit allows for the detection and quantification of ferret SAA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Aratani
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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22
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Saranya Revathy K, Umasuthan N, Whang I, Lee Y, Lee S, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Choi CY, Park CJ, Park HC, Lee J. A novel acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A-like 1, from Oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:294-305. [PMID: 22504166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute phase response is a significant component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in the signaling processes and elimination of invading pathogens. Acute phase proteins are synthesized in liver and secreted into the blood for transportation to an infection site, where the defense function is exerted. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive proteins are the major positive acute phase proteins. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel SAA related gene from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designated OfSAAL1. Genomic characterization revealed the presence of 13 exons and 12 introns, similar to SAAL1 in zebrafish. Multiple protein sequence alignment revealed high conservation with other SAAL1 homologues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OfSAAL1 clustered with another fish homologue, and pairwise alignment revealed highest identity and similarity at the amino acid level with zebrafish SAAL1. Promoter region analysis revealed the presence of immunologically significant transcription factor binding sites. Tissue distribution profiling to indicate physiological relevance showed the highest levels occur in blood, followed by liver, suggesting a positive immune role in rock bream. Transcriptional analysis by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to understand OfSAAL1 responsiveness to immune challenge with poly I:C, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae and rock bream iridovirus, revealed a significant level of elevation from 12h to 48 h post-infection in blood, spleen, head kidney, and liver. To our knowledge, OfSAAL1 is the first characterized SAAL1 homologue from teleosts. We anticipate that its identification will prove inspiring for further studies of SAAL1 homologues as biomarkers of the acute phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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23
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Serteyn D, Caudron I, Lejeune JP, Votion D, Ceusters J, Franck T, Sandersen C. Relationship between exercise-induced systemic inflammatory like reaction and racing performance in endurance horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.3920/cep12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endurance race induces a rise of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and a systemic inflammatory like response characterised by an increase of neutrophil counts, plasma and muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase (ELT) concentrations in horses. Horses performing the same standardised exercise test do not respond with the same magnitude of inflammatory reaction. The aim of the present study was to measure the total neutrophil count, the ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte, the MPO and ELT plasma concentrations and concomitant increases of serum CK activities in competing endurance horse and to relate these results to their race performance. Twenty one horses participating in a 120 km 4 star endurance race recruited on a voluntary basis finished the race with a mean speed ranging from 13.1 to 19.8 km/h. Blood was taken the day before the race and two hours after the race. Mean values of neutrophil counts, ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte, plasma MPO and ELT concentrations and serum CK activities after the race were significantly higher than the pre-race values. There was no correlation between neutrophil counts, MPO, ELT or CK and the mean speed of the horses during the race except for the ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte where a significant negative correlation was observed. These results showed that systemic responses induced by strenuous exercise such as an endurance race is not clearly related to performance but also to horse-related factors, such as intrinsic capacity or training.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Serteyn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Blvd de Colonster 20 B41, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Mont-le-Soie Equine Research Centre, Mont-le-Soie 1, 6690 Vielsalm, Belgium
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, University of Liege, B6, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - I. Caudron
- Mont-le-Soie Equine Research Centre, Mont-le-Soie 1, 6690 Vielsalm, Belgium
| | - J.-P. Lejeune
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Blvd de Colonster 20 B41, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Mont-le-Soie Equine Research Centre, Mont-le-Soie 1, 6690 Vielsalm, Belgium
| | - D. Votion
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Blvd de Colonster 20 B41, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Mont-le-Soie Equine Research Centre, Mont-le-Soie 1, 6690 Vielsalm, Belgium
| | - J. Ceusters
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, University of Liege, B6, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - T. Franck
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, University of Liege, B6, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - C. Sandersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Blvd de Colonster 20 B41, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Lin R, Lü G, Wang J, Zhang C, Xie W, Lu X, Mantion G, Martin H, Richert L, Vuitton DA, Wen H. Time course of gene expression profiling in the liver of experimental mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14557. [PMID: 21283804 PMCID: PMC3023716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe chronic parasitic disease which behaves like a slow-growing liver cancer. Clinical observations suggest that the parasite, Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) influences liver homeostasis and hepatic cell metabolism. However, this has never been analyzed during the time course of infection in the common model of secondary echinococcosis in experimental mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Gene expression profiles were assessed using DNA microarray analysis, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after injection of E. multilocularis metacestode in the liver of susceptible mice. Data were collected at different time points to monitor the dynamic behavior of gene expression. 557 differentially expressed genes were identified at one or more time points, including 351 up-regulated and 228 down-regulated genes. Time-course analysis indicated, at the initial stage of E. multilocularis infection (month 1-2), that most of up-regulated pathways were related to immune processes and cell trafficking such as chemokine-, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and down-regulated pathways were related to xenobiotic metabolism; at the middle stage (month 3), MAPK signaling pathway was maintained and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway emerged; at the late stage (month 6), most of up-regulated pathways were related to PPAR signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, while down-regulated pathways were related to metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of a random selection of 19 genes confirmed the reliability of the microarray data. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was increased in the liver of E. multilocularis infected mice from 2 months to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS E. multilocularis metacestode definitely exerts a deep influence on liver homeostasis, by modifying a number of gene expression and metabolic pathways. It especially promotes hepatic cell proliferation, as evidenced by the increased PCNA constantly found in all the experimental time-points we studied and by an increased gene expression of key metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyong Lin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Guodong Lü
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Georges Mantion
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- World Health Organization-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Department of Digestive Surgery of Jean Minjoz Hospital, University of Franche-Comté and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique A. Vuitton
- World Health Organization-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Department of Digestive Surgery of Jean Minjoz Hospital, University of Franche-Comté and University Hospital, Besançon, France
- * E-mail: (DAV); (HW)
| | - Hao Wen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis and Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (DAV); (HW)
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25
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Kang DD, Lin Y, Moreno JR, Randall TD, Khader SA. Profiling early lung immune responses in the mouse model of tuberculosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16161. [PMID: 21249199 PMCID: PMC3020951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the intracellular bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and kills more than 1.5 million people every year worldwide. Immunity to TB is associated with the accumulation of IFNγ-producing T helper cell type 1 (Th1) in the lungs, activation of M.tuberculosis-infected macrophages and control of bacterial growth. However, very little is known regarding the early immune responses that mediate accumulation of activated Th1 cells in the M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. To define the induction of early immune mediators in the M.tuberculosis-infected lung, we performed mRNA profiling studies and characterized immune cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs at early stages of infection in the mouse model. Our data show that induction of mRNAs involved in the recognition of pathogens, expression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of APCs and generation of Th1 responses occurs between day 15 and day 21 post infection. The induction of these mRNAs coincides with cellular accumulation of Th1 cells and activation of myeloid cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. Strikingly, we show the induction of mRNAs associated with Gr1+ cells, namely neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, takes place on day 12 and coincides with cellular accumulation of Gr1+ cells in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs. Interestingly, in vivo depletion of Gr1+ neutrophils between days 10-15 results in decreased accumulation of Th1 cells on day 21 in M.tuberculosis-infected lungs without impacting overall protective outcomes. These data suggest that the recruitment of Gr1+ neutrophils is an early event that leads to production of chemokines that regulate the accumulation of Th1 cells in the M.tuberculosis-infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan D. Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yinyao Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Javier-Rangel Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Can M, Sancar E, Harma M, Guven B, Mungan G, Acikgoz S. Inflammatory markers in preeclamptic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1469-72. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Hatanaka E, Dermargos A, Armelin HA, Curi R, Campa A. Serum amyloid A induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proliferation of fibroblast. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:362-7. [PMID: 21175596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels are elevated highly in acute phase response and elevated slightly and persistently in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Given that fibroblasts exert profound effects on progression of inflammatory chronic diseases, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of fibroblasts to SAA. A dose-dependent increase in O(2) (-) levels was observed by treatment of fibroblasts with SAA (r = 0·99 and P ≤ 0·001). In addition, the expression of p47-phox was up-regulated by SAA (P < 0·001) and diphenyliodonium (DPI), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, reduced the release of O(2) (-) by 50%. Also, SAA raised fibroblast proliferation (P < 0·001) and this effect was completely abolished by the addition of anti-oxidants (P < 0·001). These findings support the notion that, in chronic inflammatory sites, SAA activated fibroblast proliferation and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hatanaka
- Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Belotto MF, Magdalon J, Rodrigues HG, Vinolo MAR, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Hatanaka E. Moderate exercise improves leucocyte function and decreases inflammation in diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:237-43. [PMID: 20846161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis and progression of diabetes occur due in part to an uncontrolled inflammation profile with insulin resistance, increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), proinflammatory cytokines and leucocyte dysfunction. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of a 3-week moderate exercise regimen on a treadmill (60% of VO₂(max) , 30 min/day, 6 days a week) on inflammatory markers and leucocyte functions in diabetic rats. The exercise decreased serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (6%), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor 2 alpha/beta (CINC-2α/β) (9%), interleukin (IL)-1β (34%), IL-6 (86%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (41%) and FFA (40%) in diabetic rats when compared with sedentary diabetic animals. Exercise also attenuated the increased responsiveness of leucocytes from diabetics when compared to controls, diminishing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release by neutrophils (21%) and macrophages (28%). Exercise did not change neutrophil migration and the proportion of neutrophils and macrophages in necrosis (loss of plasma membrane integrity) and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). Serum activities of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not modified in the conditions studied. Therefore, physical training did not alter the integrity of muscle cells. We conclude that moderate physical exercise has marked anti-inflammatory effects on diabetic rats. This may be an efficient strategy to protect diabetics against microorganism infection, insulin resistance and vascular complications.
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Tu QV, Okoli AS, Kovach Z, Mendz GL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: prevalence and molecular pathogenesis of Helicobacter spp. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:1283-301. [PMID: 19995189 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans. The association of other Helicobacter spp. with extragastric diseases in animals is well established, and a role of these bacteria in human liver disease is becoming clearer. Several case-control studies have reported possible associations of Helicobacter spp. with various liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the fifth most common type of carcinoma among men worldwide, and the eighth most common among women. Thus, it is important to understand molecular mechanisms that may lead to hepatotoxicity or hepatocellular dysfunction in which Helicobacter spp. may play a role in inducing malignant transformation of liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc V Tu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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30
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Sandri S, Hatanaka E, Franco AG, Pedrosa AMC, Monteiro HP, Campa A. Serum amyloid A induces CCL20 secretion in mononuclear cells through MAPK (p38 and ERK1/2) signaling pathways. Immunol Lett 2008; 121:22-6. [PMID: 18718487 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the serum levels of SAA had been reported to be upregulated during inflammatory/infectious process, the role of this acute-phase protein has not been completely elucidated. In previous studies, we demonstrated that SAA stimulated the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, NO, and ROS by neutrophils and/or mononuclear cells. Herein we demonstrate that SAA induces the expression and release of CCL20 from cultured human blood mononuclear cells. We also focus on the signaling pathways triggered by SAA. In THP-1 cells SAA promotes phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2. Furthermore, the addition of SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK 1/2 inhibitor) inhibits the expression and release of CCL20 in mononuclear cells treated with SAA. Our results point to SAA as an important link of innate to adaptive immunity, once it might act on the recruitment of mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Sandri
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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31
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Sandri S, Rodriguez D, Gomes E, Monteiro HP, Russo M, Campa A. Is serum amyloid A an endogenous TLR4 agonist? J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83:1174-80. [PMID: 18252871 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0407203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), a classical acute-phase protein, is produced predominantly by hepatocytes in response to injury, infection, and inflammation. It has been shown that SAA primes leukocytes and induces the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we report that SAA induces NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages. Using specific inhibitors, we showed that NO production was dependent on inducible NO synthase thorough the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Moreover, SAA activity was decreased after proteolysis but not with polymyxin B, a lipid A antagonist. Finally, we found that NO production was dependent on functional TLR4, a receptor complex associated with innate immunity. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice lacking a functional TLR4 did not respond to SAA stimulation. In conclusion, our study makes a novel observation that SAA might be an endogenous agonist for the TLR4 complex on macrophages. The contribution of this finding in amplifying innate immunity during the inflammatory process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Villarroel F, Casado A, Vásquez J, Matamala E, Araneda B, Amthauer R, Enriquez R, Concha MI. Serum amyloid A: a typical acute-phase reactant in rainbow trout? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1160-9. [PMID: 18440634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute serum amyloid A (A-SAA) has been considered a major acute-phase reactant and an effector of innate immunity in all vertebrates. The work presented here shows that the expression of A-SAA is strongly induced in a wide variety of immune-relevant tissues in rainbow trout, either naturally infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum or challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN). Nevertheless, A-SAA was undetectable by Western blot either in the plasma or in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of infected or challenged fish, using either an anti-mouse SAA1 IgG or an anti-trout A-SAA peptide serum, which recognise both the intact recombinant trout A-SAA and fragments derived from it. However, the anti-peptide serum was the immunoreactive in all primary defence barriers and in mononuclear cells of head kidney, spleen and liver. These findings reveal that, unlike mammalian SAA, trout A-SAA does not increase significantly in the plasma of diseased fish, suggesting it is more likely to be involved in local defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Villarroel
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
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33
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Gardner RB, Nydam DV, Luna JA, Bicalho ML, Matychak MB, Flaminio MJB. Serum Opsonization Capacity, Phagocytosis, and Oxidative Burst Activity in Neonatal Foals in the Intensive Care Unit. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Hatanaka E, Monteagudo PT, Marrocos MSM, Campa A. Interaction between serum amyloid A and leukocytes—A possible role in the progression of vascular complications in diabetes. Immunol Lett 2007; 108:160-6. [PMID: 17267050 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. Serum amyloid A (SAA), a HDL apolipoprotein is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. A permanent increase in SAA plasma levels is observed in diabetics. Because SAA acts on leukocytes, we evaluated whether the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of neutrophils and monocytes induced by SAA is affected in diabetics. Cells, isolated from human blood, were cultured in the presence of SAA. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 and IL-1ra levels were measured by ELISA in the culture supernatants and in serum of subjects. Neutrophils and monocytes migration were followed in a chemotaxis chamber. We make the novel observation that neutrophils and monocytes of diabetics are more responsive to SAA for the induction of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and the proangiogenic and chemotactic protein IL-8. Incremental TNF-alpha production was also found to occur when monocytes were stimulated with SAA. Cell migration was also increased. The increased production of cytokines and increased migration of leukocytes from diabetics in response to SAA may contribute to a sustained accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells in the disease. Accordingly, the hyper-responsiveness of leukocytes to SAA may be relevant to the proinflammatory conditions associated to vascular complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hatanaka
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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35
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Okino AM, Bürger C, Cardoso JR, Lavado EL, Lotufo PA, Campa A. The acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A and C reactive protein in transudates and exudates. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2006:47297. [PMID: 16864904 PMCID: PMC1570385 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/47297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important
in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the
acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C
reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in
this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were
determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in
12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP
were measured. SAA present in the exudate
corresponded to 10% of the amount found in serum, that is, the
exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was 0.10 ± 0.13. For comparison, the
exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was 0.39 ± 0.37 and 0.68 ± 0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation
between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r = 0.764;p < 0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low
and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus
0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results
mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed
membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA
as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and
transudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M. Okino
- Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas
e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86051-990
Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e
Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Bürger
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e
Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
- Núcleo de Investigações
Químico-Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da
Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP
88302-202 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R. Cardoso
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86051-990
Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edson L. Lavado
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências
da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86051-990
Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Lotufo
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São
Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e
Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
- *Ana Campa:
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36
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Hatanaka E, Levada-Pires AC, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R. Systematic study on ROS production induced by oleic, linoleic, and gamma-linolenic acids in human and rat neutrophils. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1124-32. [PMID: 16962937 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oleic, linoleic, and gamma-linolenic acids on the production of ROS by unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils were investigated by using five techniques: luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, cytochrome c, hydroethidine, and phenol red reduction. Using lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, an increase in extracellular superoxide levels was observed by the treatment of neutrophils with the fatty acids. There was also an increase in intracellular ROS levels under similar conditions as measured by the hydroethidine technique. An increment in the intra- and extracellular levels of H2O2 was also observed in neutrophils treated with oleic acid as measured by phenol red reduction assay. In the luminol technique, peroxidase activity is required in the reaction of luminol with ROS for light generation. Oleic, linoleic, and gamma-linolenic acids inhibited the myeloperoxidase activity in stimulated neutrophils. So, these fatty acids jeopardize the results of ROS content measured by this technique. Oleic, linoleic, and gamma-linolenic acids per se led to cytochrome c reduction and so this method also cannot be used to measure ROS production induced by fatty acids. Oleic, linoleic, and gamma-linolenic acids do stimulate ROS production by neutrophils; however, measurements using the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction techniques require further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hatanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of proteins encoded by four related genes. Of the four, isoforms 1.1 and 2.1 are acute phase proteins synthesized by the liver. They become major components of the HDL plasma fraction during acute tissue injury and the HDL/SAA complex is readily taken up by macrophages. Herein we investigated the path SAA follows when presented to macrophages as HDL/SAA or in liposomes. Using antibodies specific to SAA and confocal microscopy, or EM autoradiography where only SAA is radio-labeled, we show that HDL/SAA is taken up rapidly by macrophages and within 30 min SAA, or fragments thereof, proceeds through the cytoplasm to the peri-nuclear region and then the nucleus. Within 45-60 min SAA, or fragments thereof, is found back in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane where it is subsequently extruded. The observation that SAA, or fragments thereof, traverse the nucleus is a novel finding and may implicate SAA in macrophage gene regulation. It also raises questions by what mechanism SAA enters and leaves the nucleus. We further investigated if both SAA isoforms traffic through the macrophage in a similar manner. Isoform differences were observed. Both isoforms bind well to the plasma membrane of macrophages at 4 degrees C, but at 37 degrees C only SAA2.1 is taken up by the cell in significant quantity, and is observed in the nucleus, suggesting that the two isoforms are handled differently and that they may have discrete physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Kinkley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Cicarelli LM, Perroni AG, Zugaib M, de Albuquerque PB, Campa A. Maternal and cord blood levels of serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-8 during and after delivery. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:96-100. [PMID: 16030392 PMCID: PMC1533909 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are acute-phase
proteins mainly synthesized by the liver in response to some
cytokines. They are potentially useful to diagnosing infection and
monitoring different clinical conditions. The aim of this study
was to measure SAA and CRP in maternal and cord blood during and
after delivery and try to correlate these proteins with tumor
necrosis factor-α , interleukin-1β, and
interleukin-8. Acute-phase proteins and cytokines were measured by
ELISA in 24 healthy pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery or
Cesarean section. Cord blood samples in addition to maternal blood
were collected. SAA and CRP reached the maximum maternal serum
levels 24 hours after delivery, while cytokines remained constant
over time. SAA and CRP were significantly higher in maternal serum
than in newborn's (P < .001) at the moment of delivery. SAA and
CRP, regardless of the type of delivery, reproduce the common
pattern observed in most inflammatory conditions. Proinflammatory
cytokine serum levels do not mirror the increase in SAA and CRP
levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Marzzullo Cicarelli
- Departamento de Análises
Clínicas e Toxicológicas,
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
Universidade de São Paulo,
SP-CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Zugaib
- Departamento de Obstetrícia
e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo, SP-CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Campa
- Departamento de Análises
Clínicas e Toxicológicas,
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
Universidade de São Paulo,
SP-CEP 05508-900, Brazil
- *Ana Campa;
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Hatanaka E, Carvalho BTC, Condino-Neto A, Campa A. Hyperresponsiveness of neutrophils from gp 91phox deficient patients to lipopolysaccharide and serum amyloid A. Immunol Lett 2005; 94:43-6. [PMID: 15234534 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients release larger amounts of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) than neutrophils from control subjects. Incremental cytokine production was observed under both basal and stimulated conditions in neutrophils from two CGD (gp 91phox) patients. The basal production of IL-8 was over seven-fold greater in CGD patients. The two samples assayed showed 3- and 10-fold increases in TNF-alpha. Basically, the same magnitude of increment was observed in lypopolysaccharide (LPS) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA)-stimulated cells. We also found that the levels of SAA and IL-8 were higher in the serum of CGD patients than the levels found in the serum of healthy donors. The increased responsiveness of neutrophils from CGD patients may be closely related with a deficiency in the assembly of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase enzyme system, or it may be due to a frequent inflammatory condition in these patients. In the latter case, the increased serum levels of systemic inflammatory factors, among them SAA, would contribute to the sustained accumulation and activation of phagocytes. Whatever the origin, the excessive production of cytokines may lead to inappropriate activation and tissue injury and even to increased susceptibility to invasive microorganisms, impairing the quality life of CGD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hatanaka
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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40
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Li Z, Rivera CA, Burns AR, Smith CW. Hindlimb unloading depresses corneal epithelial wound healing in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:641-7. [PMID: 15064298 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00200.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) for a period of 3 wk to determine the possible effects on epithelial wound healing. A standardized corneal epithelial wound was performed, and parameters of the inflammatory response and reepithelialization were analyzed over an observation period of 96 h. Wound closure was significantly retarded in mice during HU with reepithelialization being delayed by ∼12 h. Both epithelial migration and cell division were significantly depressed and delayed. The inflammatory response to epithelial wounding was also significantly altered during HU. Neutrophils, as detected by the Gr-1 marker, were initially elevated above normal levels before wounding and during the first few hours afterward, but there was a significant reduction in neutrophil response to wounding at times where neutrophil influx and migration in controls were vigorous. A similar pattern was seen with CD11b+CD11c+ cells (monocyte lineage). Langerhans cells are normally resident within the peripheral corneal epithelium. They respond to injury by initially leaving the epithelial site within 6 h and returning to normal levels by 96 h, 2 days after reepithelialization is complete. During HU, this pattern is distinctly different, with Langerhans cell numbers slowly diminishing, reaching a nadir at 96 h, which is significantly below normal. Evidence for systemic effects of HU is provided by findings that collagen deposition within subcutaneous sponges was significantly reduced during HU. In conclusion, HU, a ground-based model simulating some physiological aspects of spaceflight, impairs wound repair of corneas. Multiple factors, both local and systemic, likely contribute to this delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Li
- Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA
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41
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Khan N, Cromer CJ, Campa M, Patz EF. Clinical utility of serum amyloid A and macrophage migration inhibitory factor as serum biomarkers for the detection of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2004; 101:379-84. [PMID: 15241837 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early lung carcinoma detection strategies involving imaging studies have yet to demonstrate a reduction in mortality. Identification of serum biomarkers that could complement radiologic studies and facilitate earlier diagnosis of lung carcinoma would be of significant benefit to patients. In the current pilot study, the authors evaluated two overexpressed proteins in lung carcinoma, serum amyloid A (SAA) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), as potential diagnostic serum biomarkers for this malignancy. METHODS Serum levels of SAA and MIF were measured in 50 patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the markers in detecting lung carcinoma were determined. RESULTS SAA levels in patients with lung carcinoma were greater than in the control patients (P = 0.07). Serum SAA levels did not exhibit a correlation with tumor size or clinical stage and were higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in patients with other histologic disease types. MIF was unable to differentiate patients with lung carcinoma from patients with other diseases. CONCLUSIONS SAA possesses potential utility as a serum biomarker for lung carcinoma, probably in conjunction with other serum markers that improve its diagnostic accuracy. Before a larger study is performed, the discovery of additional biomarkers to enhance the specificity of SAA in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayela Khan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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42
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Hatanaka E, Furlaneto CJ, Ribeiro FP, Souza GM, Campa A. Serum amyloid A-induced mRNA expression and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in human neutrophils. Immunol Lett 2004; 91:33-7. [PMID: 14757367 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we described the effect of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) on the mRNA expression and release of IL-8 in neutrophils [Mediators Inflamm. 12 (3) (2003) 173]. Here, we expand this earlier study, focusing on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) m-RNA expression and protein release. Our findings indicate that SAA stimulates the rapid expression and release of TNF-alpha from cultured human blood neutrophils. The release of TNF-alpha from SAA-stimulated neutrophils is strongly suppressed by the addition of the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine, alpha-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, the antiinflammatory dexamethasone and the compounds wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor), PD98059 (a MEK-1 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). Monocytes also responded to SAA by releasing TNF-alpha. These data are congruent with the increasing evidence of the role of SAA in modulating inflammatory and immune responses, possibly contributing to the pool of cytokines produced in acute inflammation and in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hatanaka
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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