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Ayub A, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Kabir Y. Dissecting the multifaceted roles of autophagy in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic applications. Med Oncol 2024; 41:183. [PMID: 38902544 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cytoplasmic defense mechanism that cells use to break and reprocess their intracellular components. This utilization of autophagy is regarded as a savior in nutrient-deficient and other stressful conditions. Hence, autophagy keeps contact with and responds to miscellaneous cellular tensions and diverse pathways of signal transductions, such as growth signaling and cellular death. Importantly, autophagy is regarded as an effective tumor suppressor because regular autophagic breakdown is essential for cellular maintenance and minimizing cellular damage. However, paradoxically, autophagy has also been observed to promote the events of malignancies. This review discussed the dual role of autophagy in cancer, emphasizing its influence on tumor survival and progression. Possessing such a dual contribution to the malignant establishment, the prevention of autophagy can potentially advocate for the advancement of malignant transformation. In contrast, for the context of the instituted tumor, the agents of preventing autophagy potently inhibit the advancement of the tumor. Key regulators, including calpain 1, mTORC1, and AMPK, modulate autophagy in response to nutritional conditions and stress. Oncogenic mutations like RAS and B-RAF underscore autophagy's pivotal role in cancer development. The review also delves into autophagy's context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It also discusses the therapeutic effectiveness of autophagy for several cancers. The recent implication of autophagy in the control of both innate and antibody-mediated immune systems made it a center of attention to evaluating its role concerning tumor antigens and treatments of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Ayub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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2
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Ma S, Sun R, Wang Y, Wei Y, Xu H, Liu X, Liang Z, Zhao L, Hu Y, Lian X, Guo M, Huang D. Improving osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of titanium implants with black phosphorus nanosheets-hydroxyapatite composite coatings for vascularized bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35403. [PMID: 38520706 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
For decades, titanium implants have shown impressive advantages in bone repair. However, the preparation of implants with excellent antimicrobial properties as well as better osseointegration ability remains difficult for clinical application. In this study, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) were doped into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings using electrophoretic deposition. The coatings' surface morphology, roughness, water contact angle, photothermal properties, and antibacterial properties were investigated. The BP/HA coating exhibited a surface roughness of 59.1 nm, providing an ideal substrate for cell attachment and growth. The water contact angle on the BP/HA coating was measured to be approximately 8.55°, indicating its hydrophilic nature. The BPNSs demonstrated efficient photothermal conversion, with a temperature increase of 42.2°C under laser irradiation. The BP/HA composite coating exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial growth, with inhibition rates of 95.6% and 96.1% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the composite coating was evaluated by cell adhesion, CCK8 and AM/PI staining; the effect of the composite coating in promoting angiogenesis was assessed by scratch assay, transwell assay, and protein blotting; and the osteoinductivity of the composite coating was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red staining, and Western blot. The results showed that the BP/HA composite coating exhibited superior performance in promoting biological functions such as cell proliferation and adhesion, antibacterial activity, osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis, and had potential applications in vascularized bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruize Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Guo
- Department of Fundamental Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Karkali K, Pastor-Pareja JC, Martin-Blanco E. JNK signaling and integrins cooperate to maintain cell adhesion during epithelial fusion in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1034484. [PMID: 38264353 PMCID: PMC10803605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1034484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fusion of epithelial sheets is an essential and conserved morphogenetic event that requires the maintenance of tissue continuity. This is secured by membrane-bound or diffusible signals that instruct the epithelial cells, in a coordinated fashion, to change shapes and adhesive properties and when, how and where to move. Here we show that during Dorsal Closure (DC) in Drosophila, the Jun kinase (JNK) signaling pathway modulates integrins expression and ensures tissue endurance. An excess of JNK activity, as an outcome of a failure in the negative feedback implemented by the dual-specificity phosphatase Puckered (Puc), promotes the loss of integrins [the ß-subunit Myospheroid (Mys)] and amnioserosa detachment. Likewise, integrins signal back to the pathway to regulate the duration and strength of JNK activity. Mys is necessary for the regulation of JNK activity levels and in its absence, puc expression is downregulated and JNK activity increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Karkali
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor-Pareja
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IN-CSIC), Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Honasoge KS, Karagöz Z, Goult BT, Wolfenson H, LaPointe VLS, Carlier A. Force-dependent focal adhesion assembly and disassembly: A computational study. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011500. [PMID: 37801464 PMCID: PMC10584152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via cell-ECM adhesions. These physical interactions are transduced into biochemical signals inside the cell which influence cell behaviour. Although cell-ECM interactions have been studied extensively, it is not completely understood how immature (nascent) adhesions develop into mature (focal) adhesions and how mechanical forces influence this process. Given the small size, dynamic nature and short lifetimes of nascent adhesions, studying them using conventional microscopic and experimental techniques is challenging. Computational modelling provides a valuable resource for simulating and exploring various "what if?" scenarios in silico and identifying key molecular components and mechanisms for further investigation. Here, we present a simplified mechano-chemical model based on ordinary differential equations with three major proteins involved in adhesions: integrins, talin and vinculin. Additionally, we incorporate a hypothetical signal molecule that influences adhesion (dis)assembly rates. We find that assembly and disassembly rates need to vary dynamically to limit maturation of nascent adhesions. The model predicts biphasic variation of actin retrograde velocity and maturation fraction with substrate stiffness, with maturation fractions between 18-35%, optimal stiffness of ∼1 pN/nm, and a mechanosensitive range of 1-100 pN/nm, all corresponding to key experimental findings. Sensitivity analyses show robustness of outcomes to small changes in parameter values, allowing model tuning to reflect specific cell types and signaling cascades. The model proposes that signal-dependent disassembly rate variations play an underappreciated role in maturation fraction regulation, which should be investigated further. We also provide predictions on the changes in traction force generation under increased/decreased vinculin concentrations, complementing previous vinculin overexpression/knockout experiments in different cell types. In summary, this work proposes a model framework to robustly simulate the mechanochemical processes underlying adhesion maturation and maintenance, thereby enhancing our fundamental knowledge of cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Shankar Honasoge
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Zeynep Karagöz
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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5
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Campbell S, Mendoza MC, Rammohan A, McKenzie ME, Bidone TC. Computational model of integrin adhesion elongation under an actin fiber. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011237. [PMID: 37410718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells create physical connections with the extracellular environment through adhesions. Nascent adhesions form at the leading edge of migrating cells and either undergo cycles of disassembly and reassembly, or elongate and stabilize at the end of actin fibers. How adhesions assemble has been addressed in several studies, but the exact role of actin fibers in the elongation and stabilization of nascent adhesions remains largely elusive. To address this question, here we extended our computational model of adhesion assembly by incorporating an actin fiber that locally promotes integrin activation. The model revealed that an actin fiber promotes adhesion stabilization and elongation. Actomyosin contractility from the fiber also promotes adhesion stabilization and elongation, by strengthening integrin-ligand interactions, but only up to a force threshold. Above this force threshold, most integrin-ligand bonds fail, and the adhesion disassembles. In the absence of contraction, actin fibers still support adhesions stabilization. Collectively, our results provide a picture in which myosin activity is dispensable for adhesion stabilization and elongation under an actin fiber, offering a framework for interpreting several previous experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Aravind Rammohan
- Corning Life Sciences, Tewksburry, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew E McKenzie
- Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning, New York, United States of America
| | - Tamara C Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Hao B, Beningo KA. Traction Force and Mechanosensing can be Functionally Distinguished Through the Use of Specific Domains of the Calpain Small Subunit. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531592. [PMID: 36945410 PMCID: PMC10028930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process pertaining to many critical physiological events. The ability to form and release adhesion structures is necessary for cell migration. The Calpain family of cysteine proteases are known to target adhesion proteins as their substrates and modulate adhesion dynamics. The two best studied Calpains, Calpain 1 and Calpain 2 form catalytically active holoenzymes through heterodimerization with a common non-catalytic regulatory small subunit known as Calpain 4. In previous studies, we determined that calpains are important in the production of traction forces and in the sensing of localized mechanical stimulation from the external environment. We found that perturbation of either Calpain 1 or 2 had no effect on the generation of traction forces. However, traction forces were weak when Calpain 4 was silenced. On the other hand, silencing of Calpain 1, 2, or 4 resulted in deficient sensing of external mechanical stimuli. These results together suggest that Calpain 4 functions independent of the catalytic large subunits in the generation of traction forces but functions together with either catalytic subunit in sensing external mechanical stimuli. The small subunit Calpain 4 contains 268 a.a. and is composed of 2 domains, the N-terminal domain V and C-terminal domain VI. Domain VI is a calmodulinlike domain containing five consecutive EF-hand motifs, of which the fifth one heterodimerizes with a large subunit. Moreover, domain V contains the common sequence GTAMRILGGVI that suggests cell membrane interactions. Given these attributes of domain V and VI of Calpain 4, we speculated that an individual domain might provide the functional properties for either traction or sensing. Therefore, each domain was cloned and expressed individually in Capn4-/- cells and assayed for traction and sensing. Results revealed that over-expression of domain V was sufficient to rescue the traction forces defect in Capn4-/- cells while overexpression of domain VI did not rescue the traction force. Consistent with our hypothesis, overexpression of domain VI rescued the sensing defect in Capn4-/- cells while overexpression of domain V had no effect. These results suggest that individual domains of Calpain 4 do indeed function independently to regulate either traction force or the sensing of external stimuli. We speculate that membrane association of Calpain 4 is required for the regulation of traction force and its association with a catalytic subunit is necessary for mechanosensing.
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RANDHAWA AAYUSHI, DEB DUTTA SAYAN, GANGULY KEYA, V. PATIL TEJAL, LUTHFIKASARI RACHMI, LIM KITAEK. Understanding cell-extracellular matrix interactions for topology-guided tissue regeneration. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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8
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Desmettre T, Gatinel D, Leveziel N. Épigénétique et myopie : mécanismes et perspectives thérapeutiques. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:1209-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen PC, Feng XQ, Li B. Unified multiscale theory of cellular mechanical adaptations to substrate stiffness. Biophys J 2022; 121:3474-3485. [PMID: 35978549 PMCID: PMC9515123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigidity of the extracellular matrix markedly regulates many cellular processes. However, how cells detect and respond to matrix rigidity remains incompletely understood. Here, we propose a unified two-dimensional multiscale framework accounting for the chemomechanical feedback to explore the interrelated cellular mechanosensing, polarization, and migration, which constitute the dynamic cascade in cellular response to matrix stiffness but are often modeled separately in previous theories. By combining integrin dynamics and intracellular force transduction, we show that substrate stiffness can act as a switch to activate or deactivate cell polarization. Our theory quantitatively reproduces rich stiffness-dependent cellular dynamics, including spreading, polarity selection, migration pattern, durotaxis, and even negative durotaxis, reported in a wide spectrum of cell types, and reconciles some inconsistent experimental observations. We find that a specific bipolarized mode can determine the optimal substrate stiffness, which enables the fastest cell migration rather than the largest traction forces that cells apply on the substrate. We identify that such a mechanical adaptation stems from the force balance across the whole cell. These findings could yield universal insights into various stiffness-mediated cellular processes within the context of tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Assessing the Potency of the Novel Tocolytics 2-APB, Glycyl-H-1152, and HC-067047 in Pregnant Human Myometrium. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:203-220. [PMID: 35715551 PMCID: PMC9810572 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular signaling pathways that regulate myometrial contractions can be targeted by drugs for tocolysis. The agents, 2-APB, glycyl-H-1152, and HC-067047, have been identified as inhibitors of uterine contractility and may have tocolytic potential. However, the contraction-blocking potency of these novel tocolytics was yet to be comprehensively assessed and compared to agents that have seen greater scrutiny, such as the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, aminophylline and rolipram, or the clinically used tocolytics, nifedipine and indomethacin. We determined the IC50 concentrations (inhibit 50% of baseline contractility) for 2-APB, glycyl-H-1152, HC-067047, aminophylline, rolipram, nifedipine, and indomethacin against spontaneous ex vivo contractions in pregnant human myometrium, and then compared their tocolytic potency. Myometrial strips obtained from term, not-in-labor women, were treated with cumulative concentrations of the contraction-blocking agents. Comprehensive dose-response curves were generated. The IC50 concentrations were 53 µM for 2-APB, 18.2 µM for glycyl-H-1152, 48 µM for HC-067047, 318.5 µM for aminophylline, 4.3 µM for rolipram, 10 nM for nifedipine, and 59.5 µM for indomethacin. A single treatment with each drug at the determined IC50 concentration was confirmed to reduce contraction performance (AUC) by approximately 50%. Of the three novel tocolytics examined, glycyl-H-1152 was the most potent inhibitor. However, of all the drugs examined, the overall order of contraction-blocking potency in decreasing order was nifedipine > rolipram > glycyl-H-1152 > HC-067047 > 2-APB > indomethacin > aminophylline. These data provide greater insight into the contraction-blocking properties of some novel tocolytics, with glycyl-H-1152, in particular, emerging as a potential novel tocolytic for preventing preterm birth.
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Bull AL, Campanello L, Hourwitz MJ, Yang Q, Zhao M, Fourkas JT, Losert W. Actin Dynamics as a Multiscale Integrator of Cellular Guidance Cues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873567. [PMID: 35573675 PMCID: PMC9092214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells must integrate multiple, competing external guidance cues. However, it is not well understood how cells prioritize among these cues. We investigate external cue integration by monitoring the response of wave-like, actin-polymerization dynamics, the driver of cell motility, to combinations of nanotopographies and electric fields in neutrophil-like cells. The electric fields provide a global guidance cue, and approximate conditions at wound sites in vivo. The nanotopographies have dimensions similar to those of collagen fibers, and act as a local esotactic guidance cue. We find that cells prioritize guidance cues, with electric fields dominating long-term motility by introducing a unidirectional bias in the locations at which actin waves nucleate. That bias competes successfully with the wave guidance provided by the bidirectional nanotopographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. Bull
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Leonard Campanello
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Matt J. Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Qixin Yang
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Losert,
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Prognostic Significance of SPARC Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8600419. [PMID: 35211625 PMCID: PMC8863438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8600419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC, also known as osteonectin), is a small molecule glycoprotein associated with cell secretions. The purpose of our research is to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SPARC expression in breast cancer. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis using the PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and CNKI databases. The meta-analysis showed that SPARC expression was elevated in breast cancer tissue, compared with normal tissue, while SPARC expression in tumor stromal cells was higher than that of tumor cells. The expression of SPARC was positively correlated with histological grade and TNM staging. The Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that low SPARC expression was negatively correlated with the overall, postprogression, and distant metastasis survival rates of patients. According to Oncomine database, SPARC expression was upregulated in breast cancer than normal tissues. In TCGA database, univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM staging were negatively correlated with patient prognosis in breast cancers. Cox multivariate analysis showed that age, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM staging were important factors affecting the survival time of breast cancer patients. SPARC expression can be employed as a good indicator of prognosis of breast cancer patients, which will provide new methods and ideas of preventive treatment.
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Grandy C, Port F, Pfeil J, Gottschalk KE. Influence of ROCK Pathway Manipulation on the Actin Cytoskeleton Height. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030430. [PMID: 35159239 PMCID: PMC8834639 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton with its dynamic properties serves as the driving force for the movement and division of cells and gives the cell shape and structure. Disorders in the actin cytoskeleton occur in many diseases. Deeper understanding of its regulation is essential in order to better understand these biochemical processes. In our study, we use metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) as a tool to quantitatively examine the rarely considered third dimension of the actin cytoskeleton with nanometer accuracy. In particular, we investigate the influence of different drugs acting on the ROCK pathway on the three-dimensional actin organization. We find that cells treated with inhibitors have a lower actin height to the substrate while treatment with a stimulator for the ROCK pathway increases the actin height to the substrate, while the height of the membrane remains unchanged. This reveals the precise tuning of adhesion and cytoskeleton tension, which leads to a rich three-dimensional structural behaviour of the actin cytoskeleton. This finetuning is differentially affected by either inhibition or stimulation. The high axial resolution shows the importance of the precise finetuning of the actin cytoskeleton and the disturbed regulation of the ROCK pathway has a significant impact on the actin behavior in the z dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Grandy
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Port
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Pfeil
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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14
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Groeger S, Hudel M, Zechel S, Chakraborty T, Lochnit G, Meyle J, Domann E. Generation and functional characterization of recombinant Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 FimA. J Biotechnol 2021; 340:22-29. [PMID: 34478774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is regarded as a keystone pathogen in destructive periodontal diseases. It expresses a variety of virulence factors, amongst them fimbriae that are involved in colonization, invasion, establishment and persistence of the bacteria inside the host cells. The fimbriae also were demonstrated to affect the host immune-response mechanisms. The major fimbriae are able to bind specifically to different host cells, amongst them peripheral blood monocytes. The interaction of these cells with fimbriae induces release of cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The aim of this study was to generate recombinant major FimA protein from P. gingivalis W83 fimbriae and to prove its biological activity. FimA of P. gingivalis W83 was amplified from chromosomal DNA, cloned in a vector and transferred into Listeria innocua. (L. innocua).The expressed protein was harvested and purified using FPLC via a His trap HP column. The identity and purity was demonstrated by gel-electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry. The biological activity was assessed by stimulation of human oral epithelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes with the protein and afterwards cytokines in the supernatants were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cytometric bead array. Recombinant FimA could successfully be generated and purified. Gel-electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry confirmed that the detected sequences are identical with FimA. Stimulation of human monocytes induced the release of high concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by these cells. In conclusion, a recombinant FimA protein was established and its biological activity was proven. This protein may serve as a promising agent for further investigation of its role in periodontitis and possible new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Hudel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - S Zechel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - T Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - G Lochnit
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - J Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - E Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
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15
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Essential Role of Sptan1 in Cochlear Hair Cell Morphology and Function Via Focal Adhesion Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:386-404. [PMID: 34708331 PMCID: PMC8786805 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common human sensory deficit. Hearing relies on stereocilia, inserted into the cuticular plate of hair cells (HCs), where they play an important role in the perception of sound and its transmission. Although numerous genes have been associated with hearing loss, the function of many hair cell genes has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we focused on nonerythroid spectrin αII (SPTAN1), abundant in the cuticular plate, surrounding the rootlets of stereocilia and along the plasma membrane. Interestingly, mice with HC-specific Sptan1 knockout exhibited rapid deafness, abnormal formation of stereocilia and cuticular plates, and loss of HCs from middle and apical turns of the cochlea during early postnatal stages. Additionally, Sptan1 deficiency led to the decreased spreading of House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells, and induced abnormal formation of focal adhesions and integrin signaling in mouse HCs. Altogether, our findings highlight SPTAN1 as a critical molecule for HC stereocilia morphology and auditory function via regulation of focal adhesion signaling.
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16
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Driscoll TP, Bidone TC, Ahn SJ, Yu A, Groisman A, Voth GA, Schwartz MA. Integrin-based mechanosensing through conformational deformation. Biophys J 2021; 120:4349-4359. [PMID: 34509509 PMCID: PMC8553792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of integrins from low to high affinity states, termed activation, is important in biological processes, including immunity, hemostasis, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. Integrin activation is regulated by large-scale conformational transitions from closed, low affinity states to open, high affinity states. Although it has been suggested that substrate stiffness shifts the conformational equilibrium of integrin and governs its unbinding, here, we address the role of integrin conformational activation in cellular mechanosensing. Comparison of wild-type versus activating mutants of integrin αVβ3 show that activating mutants shift cell spreading, focal adhesion kinase activation, traction stress, and force on talin toward high stiffness values at lower stiffness. Although all activated integrin mutants showed equivalent binding affinity for soluble ligands, the β3 S243E mutant showed the strongest shift in mechanical responses. To understand this behavior, we used coarse-grained computational models derived from molecular level information. The models predicted that wild-type integrin αVβ3 displaces under force and that activating mutations shift the required force toward lower values, with S243E showing the strongest effect. Cellular stiffness sensing thus correlates with computed effects of force on integrin conformation. Together, these data identify a role for force-induced integrin conformational deformation in cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan P. Driscoll
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida,Corresponding author
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah,Corresponding author
| | - Sang Joon Ahn
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alvin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Rickard BP, Conrad C, Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Reader JC, Huang SA, Franco W, Scarcelli G, Polacheck WJ, Roque DM, del Carmen MG, Huang HC, Demirci U, Rizvi I. Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4318. [PMID: 34503128 PMCID: PMC8430600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascites refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum resulting from an underlying pathology, such as metastatic cancer. Among all cancers, advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is most frequently associated with the production of malignant ascites and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Despite decades of evidence showing that the accumulation of peritoneal fluid portends the poorest outcomes for cancer patients, the role of malignant ascites in promoting metastasis and therapy resistance remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of malignant ascites, with a focus on ovarian cancer. The first section provides an overview of heterogeneity in ovarian cancer and the pathophysiology of malignant ascites. Next, analytical methods used to characterize the cellular and acellular components of malignant ascites, as well the role of these components in modulating cell biology, are discussed. The review then provides a perspective on the pressures and forces that tumors are subjected to in the presence of malignant ascites and the impact of physical stress on therapy resistance. Treatment options for malignant ascites, including surgical, pharmacological and photochemical interventions are then discussed to highlight challenges and opportunities at the interface of drug discovery, device development and physical sciences in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Jocelyn C. Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela G. del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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18
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Behnami S, Bonetta D. With an Ear Up against the Wall: An Update on Mechanoperception in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1587. [PMID: 34451632 PMCID: PMC8398075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells interpret mechanical signals and adjust their physiology or development appropriately. In plants, the interface with the outside world is the cell wall, a structure that forms a continuum with the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical stress from cell wall damage or deformation is interpreted to elicit compensatory responses, hormone signalling, or immune responses. Our understanding of how this is achieved is still evolving; however, we can refer to examples from animals and yeast where more of the details have been worked out. Here, we provide an update on this changing story with a focus on candidate mechanosensitive channels and plasma membrane-localized receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Bonetta
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
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19
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Alday-Parejo B, Ghimire K, Coquoz O, Albisetti GW, Tamò L, Zaric J, Stalin J, Rüegg C. MAGI1 localizes to mature focal adhesion and modulates endothelial cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:126-139. [PMID: 33823745 PMCID: PMC8115569 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1911472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGI1 is an intracellular adaptor protein that stabilizes cell junctions and regulates epithelial and endothelial integrity. Here, we report that that in endothelial cells MAGI1 colocalizes with paxillin, β3-integrin, talin 1, tensin 3 and α-4-actinin at mature focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, and regulates their dynamics. Downregulation of MAGI1 reduces focal adhesion formation and maturation, cell spreading, actin stress fiber formation and RhoA/Rac1 activation. MAGI1 silencing increases phosphorylation of paxillin at Y118, an indicator of focal adhesion turnover. MAGI1 promotes integrin-dependent endothelial cells adhesion to ECM, reduces invasion and tubulogenesisin vitro and suppresses angiogenesis in vivo. Our results identify MAGI1 as anovel component of focal adhesions, and regulator of focal adhesion dynamics, cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Alday-Parejo
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kedar Ghimire
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Oriana Coquoz
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gioele W Albisetti
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Section of Neuropharmacology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tamò
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Zaric
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Pathology, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Huang W, Matsui TS, Saito T, Kuragano M, Takahashi M, Kawahara T, Sato M, Deguchi S. Mechanosensitive myosin II but not cofilin primarily contributes to cyclic cell stretch-induced selective disassembly of actin stress fibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1153-C1163. [PMID: 33881935 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00225.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells adapt to applied cyclic stretch (CS) to circumvent chronic activation of proinflammatory signaling. Currently, the molecular mechanism of the selective disassembly of actin stress fibers (SFs) in the stretch direction, which occurs at the early stage of the cellular response to CS, remains controversial. Here, we suggest that the mechanosensitive behavior of myosin II, a major cross-linker of SFs, primarily contributes to the directional disassembly of the actomyosin complex SFs in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells and human U2OS osteosarcoma cells. First, we identified that CS with a shortening phase that exceeds in speed the inherent contractile rate of individual SFs leads to the disassembly. To understand the biological basis, we investigated the effect of expressing myosin regulatory light-chain mutants and found that SFs with less actomyosin activities disassemble more promptly upon CS. We consequently created a minimal mathematical model that recapitulates the salient features of the direction-selective and threshold-triggered disassembly of SFs to show that disassembly or, more specifically, unbundling of the actomyosin bundle SFs is enhanced with sufficiently fast cell shortening. We further demonstrated that similar disassembly of SFs is inducible in the presence of an active LIM-kinase-1 mutant that deactivates cofilin, suggesting that cofilin is dispensable as opposed to a previously proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawahara
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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21
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Hino R, Yamada A, Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto E, Iwamoto T, Maruya Y, Otsu K, Harada H, Saito K, Fukumoto S. Melnick-Needles syndrome associated molecule, Filamin-A regulates dental epithelial cell migration and root formation. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Posa F, Baha-Schwab EH, Wei Q, Di Benedetto A, Neubauer S, Reichart F, Kessler H, Spatz JP, Albiges-Rizo C, Mori G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Surface Co-presentation of BMP-2 and integrin selective ligands at the nanoscale favors α 5β 1 integrin-mediated adhesion. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120484. [PMID: 33142116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the use of surface nanopatterning of covalently immobilized BMP-2 and integrin selective ligands to determine the specificity of their interactions in regulating cell adhesion and focal adhesion assembly. Gold nanoparticle arrays carrying single BMP-2 dimers are prepared by block-copolymer micellar nanolithography and azide-functionalized integrin ligands (cyclic-RGD peptides or α5β1 integrin peptidomimetics) are immobilized on the surrounding polyethylene glycol alkyne by click chemistry. Compared to BMP-2 added to the media, surface immobilized BMP-2 (iBMP-2) favors the spatial segregation of adhesion clusters and enhances focal adhesion (FA) size in cells adhering to α5β1 integrin selective ligands. Moreover, iBMP-2 copresented with α5β1 integrin ligands induces the recruitment of αvβ3 integrins in FAs. When copresented with RGD, iBMP-2 induces the assembly of a higher number of FAs, which are not affected by α5β1 integrin blocking. Our dual-functionalized platforms offer the possibility to study the crosstalk between integrins and BMP receptors, and more in general they could be used to address the spatial regulation of growth factors and adhesion receptors crosstalk on biomimetic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Posa
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Elisabeth H Baha-Schwab
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Qiang Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Adriana Di Benedetto
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, viale Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, INSERM U823, CNRS ERL 5284, Grenoble Alpessite Santé, Grenoble Cedex, 09, F38042, France
| | - Giorgio Mori
- University of Foggia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, viale Pinto 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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23
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Roy S, Kim D. Retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: Role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100903. [PMID: 32950677 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening has been hailed over half a century as the most prominent histological lesion in diabetic microangiopathy, and represents an early ultrastructural change in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Although vascular complications of DR have been clinically well established, specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction of small vessels are not well understood. In DR, small vessels develop insidiously as BM thickening occurs. Studies examining high resolution imaging data have established BM thickening as one of the foremost structural abnormalities of retinal capillaries. This fundamental structural change develops, at least in part, from excess accumulation of BM components. Although BM thickening is closely associated with the development of DR, its contributory role in the pathogenesis of DR is coming to light recently. DR develops over several years before clinical manifestations appear, and it is during this clinically silent period that hyperglycemia induces excess synthesis of BM components, contributes to vascular BM thickening, and promotes structural and functional lesions including cell death and vascular leakage in the diabetic retina. Studies using animal models show promising results in preventing BM thickening with subsequent beneficial effects. Several gene regulatory approaches are being developed to prevent excess synthesis of vascular BM components in an effort to reduce BM thickening. This review highlights current understanding of capillary BM thickening development, role of BM thickening in retinal vascular lesions, and strategies for preventing vascular BM thickening as a potential therapeutic strategy in alleviating characteristic lesions associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Jaiswal D, Yousman L, Neary M, Fernschild E, Zolnoski B, Katebifar S, Rudraiah S, Mazzocca AD, Kumbar SG. Tendon tissue engineering: biomechanical considerations. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:052001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Conforti F, Ridley R, Brereton C, Alzetani A, Johnson B, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Ottensmeier CH, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Wang Y, Jones MG, Davies DE. Paracrine SPARC signaling dysregulates alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and function in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:54. [PMID: 32637156 PMCID: PMC7327077 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic scarring disease in which aging, environmental exposure(s) and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, however, the causes and mechanisms of the progressive fibrotic cascade are still poorly understood. As epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for normal wound healing, through human 2D and 3D in vitro studies, we tested the hypothesis that IPF fibroblasts (IPFFs) dysregulate alveolar epithelial homeostasis. Conditioned media from IPFFs exaggerated the wound-healing response of primary human Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Furthermore, AECs co-cultured with IPFFs exhibited irregular epithelialization compared with those co-cultured with control fibroblasts (NHLFs) or AECs alone, suggesting that epithelial homeostasis is dysregulated in IPF as a consequence of the abnormal secretory phenotype of IPFFs. Secretome analysis of IPFF conditioned media and functional studies identified the matricellular protein, SPARC, as a key mediator in the epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling, with increased secretion of SPARC by IPFFs promoting persistent activation of alveolar epithelium via an integrin/focal adhesion/cellular-junction axis resulting in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity and increased macromolecular permeability. These findings suggest that in IPF fibroblast paracrine signaling promotes persistent alveolar epithelial activation, so preventing normal epithelial repair responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, they identify SPARC-mediated paracrine signaling as a potential therapeutic target to promote the restoration of lung epithelial homoestasis in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Robert Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christopher Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Ben G. Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sophie V. Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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The role of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and recurrence: A novel cancer stem cell marker and tumor-specific prognostic marker. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104443. [PMID: 32380056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) or CD166 is a 100 to 105 KDa transmembrane immunoglobulin which is involved in activation of T-cells, hematopoiesis, neutrophils trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor propagation and invasiveness through formation of homophilic and heterophilic interactions. Recently, many studies have proposed that the expression pattern of ALCAM is highly associated with the grade, stage and invasiveness of tumors. Although ALCAM is a valuable prognostic marker in different carcinomas, similar expression patterns in different tumor types may be associated with completely different prognostic states, making it to be a tumor-type-dependent prognostic marker. In addition, ALCAM isoforms provide ways for primary detection of tumor cells with metastatic potential. More importantly, this prognostic marker has shown to be considerably dependent on the cytoplasmic and membranous expression, indirect and direct regulation of post-transcriptional molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins functionalities and several other oncogenic proteins or signalling pathways. This review mainly focuses on the pathways involved in expression of ALCAM and its prognostic value of in different types of cancers and the way in which it is regulated.
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Chepied A, Daoud-Omar Z, Meunier-Balandre AC, Laird DW, Mesnil M, Defamie N. Involvement of the Gap Junction Protein, Connexin43, in the Formation and Function of Invadopodia in the Human U251 Glioblastoma Cell Line. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010117. [PMID: 31947771 PMCID: PMC7017254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of glioblastomas to treatments is mainly the consequence of their invasive capacities. Therefore, in order to better treat these tumors, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms which are responsible for this behavior. Previous work suggested that gap junction proteins, the connexins, facilitate the aggressive nature of glioma cells. Here, we show that one of them—connexin43 (Cx43)—is implicated in the formation and function of invadopodia responsible for invasion capacity of U251 human glioblastoma cells. Immunofluorescent approaches—combined with confocal analyses—revealed that Cx43 was detected in all the formation stages of invadopodia exhibiting proteolytic activity. Clearly, Cx43 appeared to be localized in invadopodia at low cell density and less associated with the establishment of gap junctions. Accordingly, lower extracellular matrix degradation correlated with less mature invadopodia and MMP2 activity when Cx43 expression was decreased by shRNA strategies. Moreover, the kinetics of invadopodia formation could be dependent on Cx43 dynamic interactions with partners including Src and cortactin. Interestingly, it also appeared that invadopodia formation and MMP2 activity are dependent on Cx43 hemichannel activity. In conclusion, these results reveal that Cx43 might be involved in the formation and function of the invadopodia of U251 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Chepied
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zeinaba Daoud-Omar
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie-Claire Meunier-Balandre
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dale W. Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Marc Mesnil
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Equipe 4CS, Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003, Pôle Biologie Santé, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France; (A.C.); (Z.D.-O.); (A.-C.M.-B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Dusi S, Angiari S, Pietronigro EC, Lopez N, Angelini G, Zenaro E, Della Bianca V, Tosadori G, Paris F, Amoruso A, Carlucci T, Constantin G, Rossi B. LFA-1 Controls Th1 and Th17 Motility Behavior in the Inflamed Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2436. [PMID: 31681316 PMCID: PMC6813462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is a key event during autoimmune and inflammatory responses. The subarachnoid space (SAS) and cerebrospinal fluid are major routes for the migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, and are sites of T cell activation before the invasion of CNS parenchyma. In particular, autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking and reactivation in the CNS are required for the pathogenesis of EAE. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell dynamics during EAE are unclear. We used two-photon laser microscopy to show that autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells display distinct motility behavior within the SAS in the spinal cords of mice immunized with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide MOG35−55. Th1 cells showed a strong directional bias at the disease peak, moving in a straight line and covering long distances, whereas Th17 cells exhibited more constrained motility. The dynamics of both Th1 and Th17 cells were strongly affected by blocking the integrin LFA-1, which interfered with the deformability and biomechanics of Th1 but not Th17 cells. The intrathecal injection of a blocking anti-LFA-1 antibody at the onset of disease significantly inhibited EAE progression and also strongly reduced neuro-inflammation in the immunized mice. Our results show that LFA-1 plays a pivotal role in T cell motility during EAE and suggest that interfering with the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell motility can help to reduce the pathogenic potential of autoreactive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dusi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorina Della Bianca
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Amoruso
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Carlucci
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Bildyug N. Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5054. [PMID: 31614676 PMCID: PMC6834325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes is considered to be a stable system. However, it undergoes strong rearrangements during heart development as cells progress from their non-muscle precursors. Long-term culturing of mature cardiomyocytes is also accompanied by the reorganization of their contractile apparatus with the conversion of typical myofibrils into structures of non-muscle type. Processes of heart development as well as cell adaptation to culture conditions in cardiomyocytes both involve extracellular matrix changes, which appear to be crucial for the maturation of contractile apparatus. The aim of this review is to analyze the role of extracellular matrix in the regulation of contractile system dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Here, the remodeling of actin contractile structures and the expression of actin isoforms in cardiomyocytes during differentiation and adaptation to the culture system are described along with the extracellular matrix alterations. The data supporting the regulation of actin dynamics by extracellular matrix are highlighted and the possible mechanisms of such regulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Bildyug
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
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30
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Mosier JA, Rahman-Zaman A, Zanotelli MR, VanderBurgh JA, Bordeleau F, Hoffman BD, Reinhart-King CA. Extent of Cell Confinement in Microtracks Affects Speed and Results in Differential Matrix Strains. Biophys J 2019; 117:1692-1701. [PMID: 31623884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, cancer cells navigate through a spatially heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM). Physical properties of ECM, including the degree of confinement, influence cell migration behavior. Here, utilizing in vitro three-dimensional collagen microtracks, we demonstrate that cell-ECM interactions, specifically the degree of spatial confinement, regulate migratory behavior. We found that cells migrate faster when they are fully confined, contacting all four walls (top, bottom, and two sides) of a collagen microtrack, compared with cells that are partially confined, contacting less than four walls. When fully confined, cells exhibit fewer but larger vinculin-containing adhesions and create greater strains in the surrounding matrix directed toward the cell body. In contrast, partially confined cells develop a more elongated morphology with smaller but significantly more vinculin-containing adhesions and displace the surrounding matrix less than fully confined cells. The resulting effect of increasing cell contractility via Rho activation is dependent on the number of walls with which the cell is in contact. Although matrix strains increase in both fully and partially confined cells, cells that are partially confined increase speed, whereas those in full confinement decrease speed. Together, these results suggest that the degree of cell-ECM contact during confined migration is a key determinant of speed, morphology, and cell-generated substrate strains during motility, and these factors may work in tandem to facilitate metastatic cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna A Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aniqua Rahman-Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jacob A VanderBurgh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Dép. Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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31
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Sengupta S, Rothenberg KE, Li H, Hoffman BD, Bursac N. Altering integrin engagement regulates membrane localization of K ir2.1 channels. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs225383. [PMID: 31391240 PMCID: PMC6771140 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How ion channels localize and distribute on the cell membrane remains incompletely understood. We show that interventions that vary cell adhesion proteins and cell size also affect the membrane current density of inward-rectifier K+ channels (Kir2.1; encoded by KCNJ2) and profoundly alter the action potential shape of excitable cells. By using micropatterning to manipulate the localization and size of focal adhesions (FAs) in single HEK293 cells engineered to stably express Kir2.1 channels or in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we establish a robust linear correlation between FA coverage and the amplitude of Kir2.1 current at both the local and whole-cell levels. Confocal microscopy showed that Kir2.1 channels accumulate in membrane proximal to FAs. Selective pharmacological inhibition of key mediators of protein trafficking and the spatially dependent alterations in the dynamics of Kir2.1 fluorescent recovery after photobleaching revealed that the Kir2.1 channels are transported to the cell membrane uniformly, but are preferentially internalized by endocytosis at sites that are distal from FAs. Based on these results, we propose adhesion-regulated membrane localization of ion channels as a fundamental mechanism of controlling cellular electrophysiology via mechanochemical signals, independent of the direct ion channel mechanogating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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32
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Hu J, Wang W, Liu C, Li M, Nice E, Xu H. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and integrin antagonist peptide HM-3 show similar lipid raft dependent biphasic regulation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:381. [PMID: 31462260 PMCID: PMC6714448 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenesis remains an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Some anti-angiogenic reagents have bell-shape dose-response curves with higher than the effective doses yielding lower anti-angiogenic effects. In this study, two different types of anti-angiogenic reagents, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and an integrin antagonist peptide HM-3, were selected and their effects on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis were compared. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated. METHODS The effect of high dose Sunitinib and HM-3 on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis was investigated with two animal models: metastasis of B16F10 cells in syngeneic mice and metastasis of human MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were performed with cell migration and invasion assays and with biochemical pull-down assays of intracellular RhoGTPases. Distribution of integrin αvβ3, α5β1, VEGFR2 and the complex of integrin αvβ3 and VEGFR2 inside or outside of lipid rafts was detected with lipid raft isolation and Western-blot analysis. RESULTS Both Sunitinib and HM-3 showed a bell-shape dose-response curve on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in both animal models. The effects of Sunitinib and HM-3 on endothelial cell and tumor cell proliferation and migration were characterized. Activation of intracellular RhoGTPases and actin stress fiber formation in endothelial and cancer cells following Sunitinib and HM-3 treatment correlated with cell migration analysis. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HM-3 and Sunitinib regulated distribution of integrin αvβ3, α5β1, VEGFR2 and αvβ3-VEGFR2 complexes, both inside and outside of the lipid raft regions to regulate endothelial cell migration and intracellular RhoGTPase activities. CONCLUSIONS These data confirmed that a general non-linear dose-effect relationship for these anti-angiogenic drugs exists and their mechanisms are correlative. It also suggests that the effective dose of an anti-angiogenic drug may have to be strictly defined to achieve its optimal clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198 People’s Republic of China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Hanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198 People’s Republic of China
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33
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Elhasi T, Blomberg A. Integrins in disguise - mechanosensors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as functional integrin analogues. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:335-355. [PMID: 31404395 PMCID: PMC6685044 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.08.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sense external mechanical stimuli is vital for all organisms. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate bidirectional signalling between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton in animals. Thus, integrins can sense changes in ECM mechanics and can translate these into internal biochemical responses through different signalling pathways. In the model yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are no proteins with sequence similarity to mammalian integrins. However, we here emphasise that the WSC-type (Wsc1, Wsc2, and Wsc3) and the MID-type (Mid2 and Mtl1) mechanosensors in yeast act as partial functional integrin analogues. Various environmental cues recognised by these mechanosensors are transmitted by a conserved signal transduction cascade commonly referred to as the PKC1-SLT1 cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. We exemplify the WSC- and MID-type mechanosensors functional analogy to integrins with a number of studies where they resemble the integrins in terms of both mechanistic and molecular features as well as in the overall phenotypic consequences of their activity. In addition, many important components in integrin-dependent signalling in humans are conserved in yeast; for example, Sla1 and Sla2 are homologous to different parts of human talin, and we propose that they together might be functionally similar to talin. We also propose that the yeast cell wall is a prominent cellular feature involved in sensing a number of external factors and subsequently activating different signalling pathways. In a hypothetical model, we propose that nutrient limitations modulate cell wall elasticity, which is sensed by the mechanosensors and results in filamentous growth. We believe that mechanosensing is a somewhat neglected aspect of yeast biology, and we argue that the physiological and molecular consequences of signal transduction initiated at the cell wall deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Elhasi
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Gothenburg, Sweden
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34
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Epigenetically dysregulated genes and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic high myopia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4145. [PMID: 30858441 PMCID: PMC6411983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia, commonly referred to as nearsightedness, is one of the most common causes of visual disability throughout the world. It affects more people worldwide than any other chronic visual impairment condition. Although the prevalence varies among various ethnic groups, the incidence of myopia is increasing in all populations across globe. Thus, it is considered a pressing public health problem. Both genetics and environment play a role in development of myopia. To elucidate the epigenetic mechanism(s) underlying the pathophysiology of high-myopia, we conducted methylation profiling in 18 cases and 18 matched controls (aged 4–12 years), using Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChips array. The degree of myopia was variable among subjects, ranging from −6 to −15D. We identified 1541 hypermethylated CpGs, representing 1745 genes (2.0-fold or higher) (false discovery rate (FDR) p ≤ 0.05), multiple CpGs were p < 5 × 10−8 with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) ≥ 0.75 in high-myopia subjects compared to controls. Among these, 48 CpGs had excellent correlation (AUC ≥ 0.90). Herein, we present the first genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in a unique high-myopia cohort, showing extensive and discrete methylation changes relative to controls. The genes we identified hold significant potential as targets for novel therapeutic intervention either alone, or in combination.
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35
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Kopp S, Krüger M, Bauer J, Wehland M, Corydon TJ, Sahana J, Nassef MZ, Melnik D, Bauer TJ, Schulz H, Schütte A, Schmitz B, Oltmann H, Feldmann S, Infanger M, Grimm D. Microgravity Affects Thyroid Cancer Cells during the TEXUS-53 Mission Stronger than Hypergravity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4001. [PMID: 30545079 PMCID: PMC6321223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most abundant tumor of the endocrine organs. Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer is still difficult to treat. Human cells exposed to long-term real (r-) and simulated (s-) microgravity (µg) revealed morphological alterations and changes in the expression profile of genes involved in several biological processes. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of short-term µg on poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer cells (FTC-133 cell line) resulting from 6 min of exposure to µg on a sounding rocket flight. As sounding rocket flights consist of several flight phases with different acceleration forces, rigorous control experiments are mandatory. Hypergravity (hyper-g) experiments were performed at 18g on a centrifuge in simulation of the rocket launch and s-µg was simulated by a random positioning machine (RPM). qPCR analyses of selected genes revealed no remarkable expression changes in controls as well as in hyper-g samples taken at the end of the first minute of launch. Using a centrifuge initiating 18g for 1 min, however, presented moderate gene expression changes, which were significant for COL1A1, VCL, CFL1, PTK2, IL6, CXCL8 and MMP14. We also identified a network of mutual interactions of the investigated genes and proteins by employing in-silico analyses. Lastly, µg-samples indicated that microgravity is a stronger regulator of gene expression than hyper-g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Melnik
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Bauer
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schütte
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Airbus-Allee 1, D-28199 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Schmitz
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Airbus-Allee 1, D-28199 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Hergen Oltmann
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Airbus-Allee 1, D-28199 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Feldmann
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Airbus-Allee 1, D-28199 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Gravitational Biology and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Keremu A, Yaoliwasi A, Tuerhong M, Kadeer N, Heyi, Yiming A, Yilike X. Research on the establishment of chronic stress-induced premature ovarian failure the rat model and effects of Chinese medicine Muniziqi treatment. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:175-186. [PMID: 30512210 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to establish and to explore the biological basis of the chronic stress-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) model and to explore the therapeutic effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi. Sexually matured female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with spinach and cilantro in cold and wet conditions for about 20 weeks until a chronic stress (CS) model was established. The CS rats were divided into a POF stress model group and a stress model group according to weekly biological characteristics and hormone level detection ( luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], and estrogen [E2]). To investigate the therapeutic effect of Muniziqi, the POF disease stress model group was divided into the high-, medium-, and low-drug intervention groups. The results showed that chronic stresses (special food, cold, damp) can lead to POF disease. The traditional Chinese medicine Muniziqi could not only improve the reproductive hormone level disorder, but also improve the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. The underlying mechanism may be a change in the E2, LH, and FSH hormone levels in serum and lower expression of ovarian premature aging-related protein PFN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulizi Keremu
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aziguli Yaoliwasi
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mayire Tuerhong
- Morphology Center, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nafeisha Kadeer
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Heyi
- Houbo College of Xinjiang Medical University, Karamay, Xinjiang, China
| | - Adilijiang Yiming
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiamixinuer Yilike
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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37
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Chen X, Lu B, Ma Q, Ji CD, Li JZ. EphA3 inhibits migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells by activating the mesenchymal‑epithelial transition process. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:722-732. [PMID: 30483759 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for cell‑cell communication during normal and oncogenic development. Eph receptor A3 (EphA3) expression is associated with tumor promotion in certain types of cancer; however, it acts as a tumor suppressor in others. The expression levels of EphA3 and its effects on tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and a Transwell invasion assay. The present study demonstrated that EphA3 expression was decreased in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‑aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine increased the mRNA expression levels of EphA3 in the ESCC cell lines KYSE510 and KYSE30. In addition, overexpression of EphA3 in KYSE450 and KYSE510 cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. EphA3 overexpression also decreased RhoA GTPase. Furthermore, EphA3 overexpression induced mesenchymal‑epithelial transition, as demonstrated by epithelial‑like morphological alterations, increased expression of epithelial proteins (E‑cadherin and the tight junction protein 1 zonula occludens‑1) and decreased expression of mesenchymal proteins (Vimentin, N‑cadherin and Snail). Conversely, silencing EphA3 in KYSE410 cells triggered epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, and promoted cell migration and invasion. These results suggested that EphA3 may serve a tumor‑suppressor role in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Dong Ji
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Tunable cell-surface mimetics as engineered cell substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2076-2093. [PMID: 29935145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most recent breakthroughs in understanding cell adhesion, cell migration, and cellular mechanosensitivity have been made possible by the development of engineered cell substrates of well-defined surface properties. Traditionally, these substrates mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment by the use of ligand-functionalized polymeric gels of adjustable stiffness. However, such ECM mimetics are limited in their ability to replicate the rich dynamics found at cell-cell contacts. This review focuses on the application of cell surface mimetics, which are better suited for the analysis of cell adhesion, cell migration, and cellular mechanosensitivity across cell-cell interfaces. Functionalized supported lipid bilayer systems were first introduced as biomembrane-mimicking substrates to study processes of adhesion maturation during adhesion of functionalized vesicles (cell-free assay) and plated cells. However, while able to capture adhesion processes, the fluid lipid bilayer of such a relatively simple planar model membrane prevents adhering cells from transducing contractile forces to the underlying solid, making studies of cell migration and cellular mechanosensitivity largely impractical. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on polymer-tethered lipid bilayer architectures as biomembrane-mimicking cell substrate. Unlike supported lipid bilayers, these polymer-lipid composite materials enable the free assembly of linkers into linker clusters at cellular contacts without hindering cell spreading and migration and allow the controlled regulation of mechanical properties, enabling studies of cellular mechanosensitivity. The various polymer-tethered lipid bilayer architectures and their complementary properties as cell substrates are discussed.
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Kawamura M, Yamashiro K, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Takashiba S. Modulation of microenvironment for controlling the fate of periodontal ligament cells: the role of Rho/ROCK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:369-378. [PMID: 29086204 PMCID: PMC5842188 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells behave in a variety of ways when they perceive changes in their microenvironment; the behavior of cells is guided by their coordinated interactions with growth factors, niche cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Modulation of the microenvironment affects the cell morphology and multiple gene expressions. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is one of the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and actively and/or passively determines the cell fate, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, by reciprocal communication with the microenvironment. During periodontal wound healing, it is important to recruit the residential stem cells into the defect site for regeneration and homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells contain a heterogeneous fibroblast population, including mesenchymal stem cells, and contribute to the reconstruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Therefore, bio-regeneration of PDL cells has been the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy for decades. Recent stem cell researches have shed light on intrinsic ECM properties, providing paradigm shifts in cell fate determination. This review focuses on the role of ROCK activity and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, in the modulation of ECM-microenvironment. Further, it presents the current understanding of how Rho/ROCK signaling affects the fate determination of stem cells, especially PDL cells. In addition, we have also discussed in detail the underlying mechanisms behind the reciprocal response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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Marine guanidine alkaloids crambescidins inhibit tumor growth and activate intrinsic apoptotic signaling inducing tumor regression in a colorectal carcinoma zebrafish xenograft model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83071-83087. [PMID: 27825113 PMCID: PMC5347754 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment constitutes an extraordinary resource for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. In the present manuscript we studied the effect of 3 different sponge derived guanidine alkaloids, crambescidine-816, -830, and -800. We show that these compounds strongly inhibit tumor cell proliferation by down-regulating cyclin-dependent kinases 2/6 and cyclins D/A expression while up-regulating the cell cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors -2A, -2D and -1A. We also show that these guanidine compounds disrupt tumor cell adhesion and cytoskeletal integrity promoting the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling, resulting in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and concomitant caspase-3 cleavage and activation. The crambescidin 816 anti-tumor effect was fnally assayed in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model confirming its potent antitumor activity against colorectal carcinoma in vivo. Considering these results crambescidins could represent promising natural anticancer agents and therapeutic tools.
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41
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Ziaei M, Greene C, Green CR. Wound healing in the eye: Therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:162-176. [PMID: 29355667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain a smooth optical surface the corneal epithelium has to continuously renew itself so as to maintain its function as a barrier to fluctuating external surroundings and various environmental insults. After trauma, the cornea typically re-epithelializes promptly thereby minimizing the risk of infection, opacification or perforation. A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is usually referred to as a non-healing epithelial lesion after approximately two weeks of treatment with standard therapies to no avail. They occur following exposure to toxic agents, mechanical injury, and ocular surface infections and are associated with significant clinical morbidity in patients, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. In the case of deeper corneal injury and corneal pathology the wound healing cascade can also extend to the corneal stroma, the layer below the epithelium. Although significant progress has been made in recent years, pharmaco-therapeutic agents that promote corneal healing remain limited. This article serves as a review of current standard therapies, recently introduced alternative therapies gaining in popularity, and a look into the newest developments into ocular wound healing.
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Nguyen HG, Metavarayuth K, Wang Q. Upregulation of osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells with virus-based thin films. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:42-58. [PMID: 29291162 PMCID: PMC5743837 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.19974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A major aim of tissue engineering is to develop biomimetic scaffolding materials that can guide the proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation of multipotent stem cells into specific lineages. Cellular functions can be controlled by the interactions between cells and biomaterials. Therefore, the surface chemistry and topography of support materials play a pivotal role in modulating cell behaviors at many stages of cell growth and development. Due to their highly ordered structure and programmable surface chemistries, which provide unique topography as biomaterials, viral nanoparticles have been utilized as building blocks for targeted cell growth and differentiation. This review article discusses the fabrication of two-dimensional virus-based thin film on substrates and highlights the study of the effect of chemical and physical cues introduced by plant virus nanoparticle thin films on the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Giang Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kamolrat Metavarayuth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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43
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Morita S, Takasu A. Adhesion control of human umbilical vein endothelial cells using clickable poly(2-oxazoline)-grafted biosynthesized extracellular matrix protein. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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44
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Ko JY, Oh HJ, Lee J, Im GI. Nanotopographic Influence on the In Vitro Behavior of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:595-606. [PMID: 28726546 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the influence of nanotopography on stem cell behavior has been extensively investigated on adult stem cells, far fewer studies have investigated the interaction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with various nanotopographical patterns. The purpose of this study was to identify nanopatterns that can influence the stemness and proliferation, as well as the adhesive properties in iPSCs, and thereby explore the feasibility of applying these nano-features for regenerative medicine. Three kinds of nanopatterns were fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane membranes, irregular patterned membrane (IPM), groove patterned membrane (GPM), and postpatterned membrane (PPM), in addition to flat patterned membrane (FPM) which did not have any nanotopographic features and was used as the control pattern. On the surfaces of GPM or PPM, iPSCs showed tendency for aggregation and did not spread out well at passage 1. However, with continued passaging (P6, P10), the tendency to form aggregates was greatly reduced. While iPSCs cultured on GPM and PPM had low population doubling time values compared with FPM and IPM at P1, the differences disappeared in later passages. The expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in iPSCs gradually decreased with continued passaging in cells cultured on FPM and IPM, but not in those cultured on GPM and PPM. The expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog, marker of stemness, was significantly higher on GPM and PPM than on FPM at P6 and P10. At P5, numerous filopodia were demonstrated in the peripheral attachments of iPSC colonies on FPM and IPM, while GPM and PPM generally had globular appearance. The expression of the focal adhesion (FA) molecules α-actinin, vinculin, phalloidin, or FA kinase was significantly greater on GPM and PPM than on FPM and IPM at P6 or P10. In conclusion, continued passaging on regular nanopatterns, including groove- and post-forms, was effective in maintaining an undifferentiated state and proliferation of iPSCs and also in increasing the expression of FA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Ko
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jik Oh
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 MicroFIT R&BD Institute , Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital , Goyang, Republic of Korea
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45
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Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction requires both myosin activation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Actin cytoskeletal reorganization facilitates smooth muscle contraction by promoting force transmission between the contractile unit and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and by enhancing intercellular mechanical transduction. Myosin may be viewed to serve as an "engine" for smooth muscle contraction whereas the actin cytoskeleton may function as a "transmission system" in smooth muscle. The actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle also undergoes restructuring upon activation with growth factors or the ECM, which controls smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Abnormal smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation, and motility contribute to the development of vascular and pulmonary diseases. A number of actin-regulatory proteins including protein kinases have been discovered to orchestrate actin dynamics in smooth muscle. In particular, Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) is an important molecule that controls actin dynamics, contraction, growth, and motility in smooth muscle. Moreover, c-Abl coordinates the regulation of blood pressure and contributes to the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness and vascular/airway remodeling in vivo. Thus, c-Abl may be a novel pharmacological target for the development of new therapy to treat smooth muscle diseases such as hypertension and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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46
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de Moraes MM, Treptow TGM, Teixeira WKO, Piovesan LA, D'Oca MGM, Votto APDS. Fatty-monastrol derivatives and its cytotoxic effect against melanoma cell growth. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Nishida T, Kubota S, Aoyama E, Yamanaka N, Lyons KM, Takigawa M. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment of cultured chondrocytes stimulates production of CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), a protein involved in the regeneration of articular cartilage: mechanism underlying this stimulation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:759-769. [PMID: 27729291 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CCN family protein 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes cartilage regeneration in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) models. However, CCN2 production is very low in articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not CCN2 was promoted by cultured chondrocytes treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and to clarify its mechanism. METHODS Human chondrocytic cell line (HCS)-2/8, rat primary epiphyseal and articular cartilage cells, and Ccn2-deficient chondrocytes that impaired chondrocyte differentiation, were treated with LIPUS for 20 min at 3.0 MHz frequency and 60 mW/cm2 power. Expressions of chondrocyte differentiation marker mRNAs were examined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis from HCS-2/8 cells and Ccn2-deficient chondrocytes at 30 min and 1 h after LIPUS treatment, respectively. CCN2 production was examined by Western blotting after 5 h of LIPUS treatment. Moreover, Ca2+ influx was measured by using a Fluo-4 probe. RESULTS The gene expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers and CCN2 production were increased in cultured chondrocytes treated with LIPUS. In addition, Ca2+ influx and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were increased by LIPUS treatment, and the stability of TRPV4 and BKca channel mRNAs was decreased by siRNA against CCN2. Consistent with those findings, the LIPUS-induced the gene expressions of type II collagen (COL2a1) and Aggrecan (ACAN) observed in wild-type cells were not observed in the Ccn2-deficient chondrocytes. CONCLUSION These data indicate that chondrocyte differentiation represented by CCN2 production was mediated via MAPK pathways activated by LIPUS-stimulated Ca2+ influx, which in turn was supported by the induced CCN2 molecules in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - S Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan.
| | - E Aoyama
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | - K M Lyons
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA, CA, USA.
| | - M Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan.
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48
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Qin X, Park BO, Liu J, Chen B, Choesmel-Cadamuro V, Belguise K, Heo WD, Wang X. Cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion differentially control basal myosin oscillation and Drosophila egg chamber elongation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14708. [PMID: 28406187 PMCID: PMC5399299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatile actomyosin contractility, important in tissue morphogenesis, has been studied mainly in apical but less in basal domains. Basal myosin oscillation underlying egg chamber elongation is regulated by both cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesions. However, the mechanism by which these two adhesions govern basal myosin oscillation and tissue elongation is unknown. Here we demonstrate that cell–matrix adhesion positively regulates basal junctional Rho1 activity and medio-basal ROCK and myosin activities, thus strongly controlling tissue elongation. Differently, cell–cell adhesion governs basal myosin oscillation through controlling medio-basal distributions of both ROCK and myosin signals, which are related to the spatial limitations of cell–matrix adhesion and stress fibres. Contrary to cell–matrix adhesion, cell–cell adhesion weakly affects tissue elongation. In vivo optogenetic protein inhibition spatiotemporally confirms the different effects of these two adhesions on basal myosin oscillation. This study highlights the activity and distribution controls of basal myosin contractility mediated by cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesions, respectively, during tissue morphogenesis. Pulsatile actomyosin contractility during tissue morphogenesis has been mainly studied in apical domains but less is known about the contribution of the basal domain. Here the authors show differential influence of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions in regulating oscillations and tissue elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Byung Ouk Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaying Liu
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Bing Chen
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France.,Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Valerie Choesmel-Cadamuro
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Karine Belguise
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Won Do Heo
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
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Tang DD, Gerlach BD. The roles and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments and microtubules in smooth muscle cell migration. Respir Res 2017; 18:54. [PMID: 28390425 PMCID: PMC5385055 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell migration has been implicated in the development of respiratory and cardiovascular systems; and airway/vascular remodeling. Cell migration is a polarized cellular process involving a protrusive cell front and a retracting trailing rear. There are three cytoskeletal systems in mammalian cells: the actin cytoskeleton, the intermediate filament network, and microtubules; all of which regulate all or part of the migrated process. The dynamic actin cytoskeleton spatially and temporally regulates protrusion, adhesions, contraction, and retraction from the cell front to the rear. c-Abl tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics and migration of airway smooth muscle cells and nonmuscle cells. Recent studies suggest that intermediate filaments undergo reorganization during migration, which coordinates focal adhesion dynamics, cell contraction, and nucleus rigidity. In particular, vimentin intermediate filaments undergo phosphorylation and reorientation in smooth muscle cells, which may regulate cell contraction and focal adhesion assembly/disassembly. Motile cells are characterized by a front-rear polarization of the microtubule framework, which regulates all essential processes leading to cell migration through its role in cell mechanics, intracellular trafficking, and signaling. This review recapitulates our current knowledge how the three cytoskeletal systems spatially and temporally modulate the migratory properties of cells. We also summarize the potential role of migration-associated biomolecules in lung and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - Brennan D Gerlach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
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50
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Vitali T, Girald-Berlingeri S, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. Arf GAPs: A family of proteins with disparate functions that converge on a common structure, the integrin adhesion complex. Small GTPases 2017; 10:280-288. [PMID: 28362242 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1299271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) are members of the Ras GTPase superfamily. The function of Arfs is dependent on GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. Arf GAPs have been shown to be present in integrin adhesion complexes, which include focal adhesions. Integrin adhesion complexes are composed of integrins, scaffolding proteins and signaling proteins and regulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Understanding the role of Arf GAPs in the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes is relevant to understanding normal physiology and cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of the Arf GAP family members to the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes, examining the diverse mechanisms by which they control integrin adhesion complex formation, maturation and dissolution. GIT1 and ARAP2 serve as GAPs for Arf6, regulating Rac1 and other effectors by mechanisms still being defined. In contrast, GIT2 regulates Rac1 independent of Arf6. AGAP2 binds to and regulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK). ARAP2 and ACAP1, both Arf6 GAPs, regulate membrane trafficking of integrins through different endocytic pathways, exerting opposite effects on focal adhesions. ASAP1 not only regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling through its interaction with nonmuscle myosin 2A, but is also important in integrin recycling. These examples illustrate the diversity and versatility of Arf GAPs as regulators of integrin adhesion complex structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vitali
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- b Department of Biology , Williams College , Williamstown , MA , USA
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