1
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Yan H, Tian Z, Ziegenbein E, Liu Y, Santana A, Veige AS, Spiess B, Tan W, Zeng Y. Heparin-Bead Extraction Enhanced Fluorogenic Aptamer-Thrombin Composite Reporter Enables Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Functional Antithrombin. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4833-4840. [PMID: 39177419 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) deficiency in the extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery leads to uncontrolled inflammation and vascular damage in patients. AT levels decrease in sepsis, major trauma, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and eclampsia. Monitoring plasma AT levels facilitates the accurate restoration of AT to baseline values through precise supplementation. Traditional methods of chromogenic assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits encounter challenges, such as interference, inconsistency, and delayed response times, making real-time, reliable antithrombin monitoring a clinical gap. To address this critical need, we develop a heparin-bead extraction enhanced fluoroGenic aptamer-thrombin composite reporter (HExGATOR) for the rapid, sensitive, and precise detection of functional AT in plasma. Our design employs thrombin-binding aptamers and a fluorescence "turn on" technology such that a signal is produced upon the interaction of AT with the otherwise "turned off" aptamer-thrombin complex. The prominent signal-background interference originating from plasma is remarkably diminished by using a heparin-bead solid-phase extraction of AT. We achieved highly sensitive and rapid detection of AT in 5 to 20 min with a limit of detection of 15.11 nM. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional AT tests in clinical settings, potentially facilitating personalized anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zimu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Emma Ziegenbein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Amanda Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Bruce Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Damen LAA, Bui TP, van Wessel T, Li Y, Straten BF, Pampiermole R, Daamen WF, Fernig DG, van Kuppevelt TH. Identification of heparin-binding amino acid residues in antibody HS4C3 with the potential to design antibodies against heparan sulfate domains. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae046. [PMID: 38963938 PMCID: PMC11231949 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide with high structural and functional diversity. Detection and localization of HS in tissues can be performed using single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies. Although several anti-HS antibodies recognizing different sulfation motifs have been identified, little is known about their interaction with HS. In this study the interaction between the scFv antibody HS4C3 and heparin was investigated. Heparin-binding lysine and arginine residues were identified using a protect and label methodology. Site-directed mutagenesis was applied to further identify critical heparin-binding lysine/arginine residues using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays. In addition, computational docking of a heparin tetrasaccharide towards a 3-D homology model of HS4C3 was applied to identify potential heparin-binding sites. Of the 12 lysine and 15 arginine residues within the HS4C3 antibody, 6 and 9, respectively, were identified as heparin-binding. Most of these residues are located within one of the complementarity determining regions (CDR) or in their proximity. All basic amino acid residues in the CDR3 region of the heavy chain were involved in binding. Computational docking showed a heparin tetrasaccharide close to these regions. Mutagenesis of heparin-binding residues reduced or altered reactivity towards HS and heparin. Identification of heparin-binding arginine and lysine residues in HS4C3 allows for better understanding of the interaction with HS and creates a framework to rationally design antibodies targeting specific HS motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A A Damen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Thao P Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrated Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry van Wessel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrated Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Bart F Straten
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Pampiermole
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrated Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
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3
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Gupta S, Puttaiahgowda YM, Deiglmayr L. Recent advances in the design and immobilization of heparin for biomedical application: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130743. [PMID: 38462098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family, is renowned as the most negatively charged biomolecule discovered within the realm of human biology. This polysaccharide serves a vital role as a regulator for various proteins, cells, and tissues within the human body, positioning itself as a pivotal macromolecule of significance. The domain of biology has witnessed substantial interest in the intricate design of heparin and its derivatives, particularly focusing on heparin-based polymers and hydrogels. This intrigue spans a wide spectrum of applications, encompassing diverse areas such as protein adsorption, anticoagulant properties, controlled drug release, development of implants, stent innovation, enhancement of blood compatibility, acceleration of wound healing, and pioneering strides in tissue engineering. This comprehensive overview delves into a multitude of developed heparin conjugates, employing various methods, and explores their functions in both the biomedicine and electronics fields. The efficacy of materials derived from heparin is also thoroughly investigated, encompassing considerations such as thrombogenicity, drug release kinetics, affinity for growth factors (GFs), biocompatibility, and electrochemical analyses. We firmly believe that by redirecting focus towards research and advancements in heparin-related polymers/hydrogels, this study will ignite further research and accelerate potential breakthroughs in this promising and evolving field of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Lisa Deiglmayr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraβe 5-13, (D), 81377 Munich, Germany
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Ghosh K, Takahashi D, Kotake T. Plant type II arabinogalactan: Structural features and modification to increase functionality. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108828. [PMID: 37182471 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type II arabinogalactans (AGs) are a highly diverse class of plant polysaccharides generally encountered as the carbohydrate moieties of certain extracellular proteoglycans, the so-called arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), which are found on plasma membranes and in cell walls. The basic structure of type II AG is a 1,3-β-D-galactan main chain with 1,6-β-D-galactan side chains. The side chains are further decorated with other sugars such as α-l-arabinose and β-d-glucuronic acid. In addition, AGs with 1,6-β-D-galactan as the main chain, which are designated as 'type II related AG' in this review, can also be found in several plants. Due to their diverse and heterogenous features, the determination of carbohydrate structures of type II and type II related AGs is not easy. On the other hand, these complex AGs are scientifically and commercially attractive materials whose structures can be modified by chemical and biochemical approaches for specific purposes. In the current review, what is known about the chemical structures of type II and type II related AGs from different plant sources is outlined. After that, structural analysis techniques are considered and compared. Finally, structural modifications that enhance or alter functionality are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhan Chandra College, Asansol, 713304, West Bengal, India.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan; Green Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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Nguyen TA, Kim Do AN, Hoang Lo TN, Park I, Vo KQ. Single-step controlled synthesis of flower-like gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan for sensitive detection of heparin using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering method. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34831-34842. [PMID: 36540228 PMCID: PMC9724128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel single-step and template-free procedure, including controlled synthesis of gold flowers (AuNFs), conjugation to a 4-MBA reporter, and stabilization with chitosan, is proposed to develop the SERS tags-based nanoparticles for trace detection of heparin. This SERS detection assay is based on the aggregation/non-aggregation balance of AuNFs-4-MBA@chitosan nanoparticles, which was induced by adding a very low concentration of heparin in the as-synthesized colloidal solutions. SERS-tag colloids are prepared by mixing chitosan with HAuCl4 and 4-mercapto benzoic acid before being reduced with ascorbic acid under appropriate pH conditions. The formed AuNFs-4-MBA@chitosan nanoparticles were positively charged with high stability and well-dispersed in aqueous media. Based on understanding each reaction component's role in the preparation of the SERS tag colloid, we aim to simplify the controlled synthesis and Raman probe conjugation process. The average size of AuNFs is below 90 nm, fine-tuned in shape and effectively conjugated to the Raman reporter molecules 4-MBA. These as-prepared SERS tag-based AuNFs have good biocompatibility and are virtually non-toxic, as studied with fibroblast and MCF-7 cells. Through these SERS-tag colloids, the trace detection of heparin is improved, with a wide detection window (0.01 to 100 ppm), high reproducibility (RSD value of 3.56%), limit of detection (LOD) of 0.054 ppm, and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.17 ppm. Comparison experiments show that the SERS-tag colloids possess good selectivity over other ions, and organic and amino acid substances. The results provide the capability and the potential for application under complex biological conditions and future biosensing based on SERS signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
| | - Anh Nguyen Kim Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
| | - Tien Nu Hoang Lo
- Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89 Yangdaegiro-Gil, Ipjang-myeon Cheonan 31056 South Korea
| | - In Park
- Research Institute of Clean Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 89 Yangdaegiro-Gil, Ipjang-myeon Cheonan 31056 South Korea
- KITECH School, University of Science and Technology (UST) 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea
| | - Khuong Quoc Vo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
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6
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Matsubara T. Peptide mimotopes to emulate carbohydrates. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8160-8173. [PMID: 36128765 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates on animal cell surfaces are involved in numerous biological functions and diseases, especially the adhesion/metastasis of cancer cells, infection, and the onset of glycan-related diseases. In addition to glycoantigen detection, the regulation of glycan (carbohydrate)-protein interactions is needed to develop therapeutic strategies for glycan-related diseases. Preparation of a diverse range of glycan derivatives requires a massive effort, but the preparation and identification of alternative glycan-mimetic peptide mimotopes may provide a solution to this issue. Peptide mimotopes are recognized by glycan-binding proteins, such as lectins, enzymes, and antibodies, alternative to glycan ligands. Phage-display technology is the first choice in the selection of "glycan (carbohydrate)-mimetic peptide mimotopes" from a large repertoire of library sequences. This tutorial review describes the advantages of peptide mimotopes in comparison to glycan ligands, as well as their structural and functional mimicry. The detailed library design is followed by a description of the strategy used to improve affinity, and finally, an outline of the vaccine application of glycan-mimetic peptides is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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7
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Milusev A, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: A Possible Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897087. [PMID: 35647072 PMCID: PMC9136230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells (ECs) rely on a complex carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of ECs, called the glycocalyx. In a range of cardiovascular disorders, glycocalyx shedding causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, underscoring the importance of glycocalyx preservation to avoid disease initiation and progression. In this review we discuss the physiological functions of the glycocalyx with particular focus on how loss of endothelial glycocalyx integrity is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension, aging, diabetes and obesity, and contributes to the development of thrombo-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we consider the role of glycocalyx components in regulating inflammatory responses and discuss possible therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving or restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and therefore protecting against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Sorvillo
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8
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Wang J, Xiao L, Wang W, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. The Auxiliary Role of Heparin in Bone Regeneration and its Application in Bone Substitute Materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837172. [PMID: 35646879 PMCID: PMC9133562 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration in large segmental defects depends on the action of osteoblasts and the ingrowth of new blood vessels. Therefore, it is important to promote the release of osteogenic/angiogenic growth factors. Since the discovery of heparin, its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer functions have been extensively studied for over a century. Although the application of heparin is widely used in the orthopedic field, its auxiliary effect on bone regeneration is yet to be unveiled. Specifically, approximately one-third of the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily is bound to heparin and heparan sulfate, among which TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) are the most common growth factors used. In addition, heparin can also improve the delivery and retention of BMP-2 in vivo promoting the healing of large bone defects at hyper physiological doses. In blood vessel formation, heparin still plays an integral part of fracture healing by cooperating with the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Importantly, since heparin binds to growth factors and release components in nanomaterials, it can significantly facilitate the controlled release and retention of growth factors [such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), BMP, and PDGF] in vivo. Consequently, the knowledge of scaffolds or delivery systems composed of heparin and different biomaterials (including organic, inorganic, metal, and natural polymers) is vital for material-guided bone regeneration research. This study systematically reviews the structural properties and auxiliary functions of heparin, with an emphasis on bone regeneration and its application in biomaterials under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australia−China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australia−China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Nugent MA. The Future of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Good (or Bad) Can the SARS-CoV2 Spike Protein Get? Cells 2022; 11:cells11050855. [PMID: 35269476 PMCID: PMC8909208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has infected an estimated 400 million people world-wide, causing approximately 6 million deaths from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The SARS-CoV2 Spike protein plays a critical role in viral attachment and entry into host cells. The recent emergence of highly transmissible variants of SARS-CoV2 has been linked to mutations in Spike. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of Spike and describes the factors that impact Spike’s ability to mediate viral infection as well as the potential limits to how good (or bad) Spike protein can become. Proposed here is a framework that considers the processes of Spike-mediated SARS-CoV2 attachment, dissociation, and cell entry where the role of Spike, from the standpoint of the virus, is to maximize cell entry with each viral-cell collision. Key parameters are identified that will be needed to develop models to identify mechanisms that new Spike variants might exploit to enhance viral transmission. In particular, the importance of considering secondary co-receptors for Spike, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans is discussed. Accurate models of Spike-cell interactions could contribute to the development of new therapies in advance of the emergence of new highly transmissible SARS-CoV2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Nugent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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10
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Li J, Zhang Y, Pang H, Li SJ. Heparin interacts with the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120595. [PMID: 34815178 PMCID: PMC8591854 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to replicate in host cells is dependent on its main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) that cut the viral precursor polyproteins and is a major target for antiviral drug design. Here, we showed that heparin interacts with the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits its activity. Protein fluorescence quenching showed that heparin strongly binds to the Mpro protein with dissociation constants KD of 16.66 and 31.60 μM at 25 and 35 °C, respectively. From thermodynamic parameters of the interaction, there are hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions between them. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay demonstrated that heparin inhibits the proteolytic activity of Mpro with an inhibition constant Ki of 6.9 nM and a half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 7.8 ± 2.6 nM. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed that the recognition and binding groups of heparin within the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro provide important new information for the characteristics of the interactions of heparin with the protease. Our finding suggested that heparin might have a potential role in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection through inhibiting Mpro activity of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yantao Zhang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Huimin Pang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Shu Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong 250200, PR China.
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11
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Liang A, Desai U. Advances in Studying Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions Using Capillary Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2303:365-387. [PMID: 34626394 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins have assumed considerable significance as their biological importance increases. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful method to study these interactions due to its speed, high efficiency, and low sample/reagent consumption. In addition, CE works effectively under a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions. This chapter presents the state of the art on CE methods for studying GAG-protein interactions including affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), frontal analysis (FA)/frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE), and capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC) with detailed experimental protocols for ACE and CZE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiye Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Charleston Southern University, North Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Umesh Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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12
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Understanding the Interaction of Polyelectrolyte Architectures with Proteins and Biosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3882-3904. [PMID: 32589355 PMCID: PMC7894192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The counterions neutralizing the charges on polyelectrolytes such as DNA or heparin may dissociate in water and greatly influence the interaction of such polyelectrolytes with biomolecules, particularly proteins. In this Review we give an overview of studies on the interaction of proteins with polyelectrolytes and how this knowledge can be used for medical applications. Counterion release was identified as the main driving force for the binding of proteins to polyelectrolytes: Patches of positive charge become multivalent counterions of the polyelectrolyte and lead to the release of counterions from the polyelectrolyte and a concomitant increase in entropy. This is shown from investigations on the interaction of proteins with natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes. Special emphasis is paid to sulfated dendritic polyglycerols (dPGS). The Review demonstrates that we are moving to a better understanding of charge-charge interactions in systems of biological relevance. Research along these lines will aid and promote the design of synthetic polyelectrolytes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
- IRIS AdlershofHumboldt Universität zu BerlinZum Grossen Windkanal 612489BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinInstitute of Laboratory MedicineClinical Chemistry, and PathobiochemistryCVK Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood ResearchDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLife Science InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
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13
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Rahimi N. C-type Lectin CD209L/L-SIGN and CD209/DC-SIGN: Cell Adhesion Molecules Turned to Pathogen Recognition Receptors. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:1. [PMID: 33375175 PMCID: PMC7822156 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin CD209/DC-SIGN and CD209L/L-SIGN proteins are distinct cell adhesion and pathogen recognition receptors that mediate cellular interactions and recognize a wide range of pathogens, including viruses such as SARS, SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Pathogens exploit CD209 family proteins to promote infection and evade the immune recognition system. CD209L and CD209 are widely expressed in SARS-CoV-2 target organs and can contribute to infection and pathogenesis. CD209 family receptors are highly susceptible to alternative splicing and genomic polymorphism, which may influence virus tropism and transmission in vivo. The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and the neck/repeat region represent the key features of CD209 family proteins that are also central to facilitating cellular ligand interactions and pathogen recognition. While the neck/repeat region is involved in oligomeric dimerization, the CRD recognizes the mannose-containing structures present on specific glycoproteins such as those found on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Considering the role of CD209L and related proteins in diverse pathogen recognition, this review article discusses the recent advances in the cellular and biochemical characterization of CD209 and CD209L and their roles in viral uptake, which has important implications in understanding the host-pathogen interaction, the viral pathobiology and driving vaccine development of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Wechselwirkung von Polyelektrolyt‐Architekturen mit Proteinen und Biosystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Zum Großen Windkanal 6 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie CVK Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Life Science Institute Department of Chemistry School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
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15
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Walkowiak JJ, Ballauff M, Zimmermann R, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Interaction of Heparin with Lysozyme. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4615-4625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Janusz Walkowiak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Merces AADD, Ferreira RDS, Silva KJS, Salu BR, Maciel JDC, Aguiar JAO, Tashima AK, Oliva MLV, Carvalho Júnior LBD. Identification of blood plasma proteins using heparin-coated magnetic chitosan particles. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116671. [PMID: 32829799 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparin was immobilized on magnetic chitosan particles to be used as a tool for human plasma protein identification. Chitosan was magnetized by co-precipitation with Fe2+/Fe3+ (MAG-CH). Heparin was functionalized with carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide and covalently linked to MAG-CH (MAG-CH-hep). X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of chitosan and Fe3O4 in MAG-CH. This particle exhibited superparamagnetism and size between 100-300 μm. Human plasma diluted with 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) or 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) was incubated with MAG-CH-hep, and the proteins fixed were eluted with the same buffers containing increasing concentrations of NaCl. The proteins obtained were investigated by SDS-PAGE, LC/MS, and biological activity tests (PT, aPTT, and enzymatic chromogenic assay). Inhibitors of the serpin family, prothrombin, and human albumin were identified in this study. Therefore, MAG-CH-hep can be used to purify these proteins and presents the following advantages: low-cost synthesis, magnetic separation, ion-exchange purification, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurenice Arruda Dutra das Merces
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Karciano José Santos Silva
- Instituto Federal de Alagoas, Palmeiras dos Índios, Alagoas, 57608-180, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos Salu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | | | - José Albino Oliveira Aguiar
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Luiz Bezerra de Carvalho Júnior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
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17
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Damen LAA, van de Westerlo EMA, Versteeg EMM, van Wessel T, Daamen WF, van Kuppevelt TH. Construction and evaluation of an antibody phage display library targeting heparan sulfate. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:445-455. [PMID: 32468289 PMCID: PMC7329785 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide with high structural diversity. Different HS epitopes have been detected and localized using single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from a ‘single pot’ phage display library containing a randomized complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (CDR3). In this study, we created a new library containing anti-HS scFvs that all harbor a dp-38 heavy chain segment where the CDR3 region was engineered to contain the XBBXBX heparin binding consensus site (X = any amino acid, B = R, K or H). The library contained ~1.73 × 106 unique antibodies and was biopanned against HS from several sources. The selected antibodies were sequenced and chemically/immunohistologically characterized. A number of 67 anti-HS scFv antibodies were selected, of which 31 contained a XBBXBX CDR3 sequence. There was a clear preference for glycine at the first and proline at the fourth position of the CDR3. The sequence GZZP(R/K)X (Z = R, K or H, but may also contain N, S, or Q) was unusually overrepresented. Selected antibodies reacted with HS/heparin, but not with other glycosaminoglycans. Antibodies reacted differentially with respect to N-, 2-O, or 6-O-desulfated heparin preparations, and showed distinct topologies of HS epitopes in rat kidney sections. The library may be instrumental in the selection of a large pool of HS epitope-specific antibodies, and - since all antibodies differ only in their 6 amino acid CDR region - may be a tool for a rational design of antibodies recognizing specific HS sulfation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A A Damen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Els M A van de Westerlo
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elly M M Versteeg
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry van Wessel
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Missing regions within the molecular architecture of human fibrin clots structurally resolved by XL-MS and integrative structural modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1976-1987. [PMID: 31924745 PMCID: PMC6995014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911785117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen hexamers are major components of blood clots. After release of fibrinopeptides resulting in fibrin monomers, clot formation occurs through fibrin oligomerization followed by lateral aggregation, packing into fibrin fibers, and consequent branching. Shedding light on fibrin clots by in situ cross-linking mass spectrometry and structural modeling extends our current knowledge of the structure of fibrin with regard to receptor-binding hotspots. Further restraint-driven molecular docking reveals how fibrin oligomers laterally aggregate into clots and uncovers the molecular architecture of the clot to albumin interaction. We hypothesize this interaction is involved in the prevention of clot degradation. Mapping known mutations validates the generated structural model and, for a subset, brings their molecular mechanisms into view. Upon activation, fibrinogen forms large fibrin biopolymers that coalesce into clots which assist in wound healing. Limited insights into their molecular architecture, due to the sheer size and the insoluble character of fibrin clots, have restricted our ability to develop novel treatments for clotting diseases. The, so far resolved, disparate structural details have provided insights into linear elongation; however, molecular details like the C-terminal domain of the α-chain, the heparin-binding domain on the β-chain, and other functional domains remain elusive. To illuminate these dark areas, we applied cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to obtain biochemical evidence in the form of over 300 distance constraints and combined this with structural modeling. These restraints additionally define the interaction network of the clots and provide molecular details for the interaction with human serum albumin (HSA). We were able to construct the structural models of the fibrinogen α-chain (excluding two highly flexible regions) and the N termini of the β-chain, confirm these models with known structural arrangements, and map how the structure laterally aggregates to form intricate lattices together with the γ-chain. We validate the final model by mapping mutations leading to impaired clot formation. From a list of 22 mutations, we uncovered structural features for all, including a crucial role for βArg’169 (UniProt: 196) in lateral aggregation. The resulting model can potentially serve for research on dysfibrinogenemia and amyloidosis as it provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding disorders related to fibrinogen variants. The structure is provided in the PDB-DEV repository (PDBDEV_00000030).
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19
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Wu MY, Hou YT, Ke JY, Yiang GT. Case of internal jugular vein thrombosis and fever: Lemierre's syndrome or Trousseau's syndrome? Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:91-95. [PMID: 32110528 PMCID: PMC7015004 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal jugular vein thrombosis is a rare critical cardiovascular emergency, which has potential catastrophic clinical outcomes by resulting in stroke and pulmonary embolism. Several etiologies have been reported; however, there are limited data on Lemierre's and Trousseau's syndromes, which are both rare conditions with advanced disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Lemierre's syndrome may present with typical progressively infectious symptoms and signs, including sore throat, neck mass, and fever, whereas Trousseau's syndrome may present with thrombophlebitis and painful edema. Without antibiotic agents controlling the infection, the condition of patients with Lemierre's syndrome may progress to sepsis or septic shock. The infection pattern plays an important role for differential diagnosis. Herein, we describe the case of a 46-year-old woman presenting with atypical symptoms of Trousseau's syndrome mimicking Lemierre's syndrome. Laboratory analysis including protein C, protein S, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibody ruled out hypercoagulopathy and autoimmune vasculitis. Abdominal computed tomography and panendoscopy revealed ulcerative tumor at the antrum. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma. We highlight the clinical features and etiologies of internal jugular vein thrombosis, especially in Lemierre's syndrome and Trousseau's syndrome, to aid physicians in making an early diagnosis and providing timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tseng Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Yu Ke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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20
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Heparan Sulfate in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:147-161. [PMID: 32266657 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biology of tumor cells strictly depends on their microenvironment architecture and composition, which controls the availability of growth factors and signaling molecules. Thus, the network of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and proteins known as extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the cells plays a central role in the regulation of tumor fate. Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are highly versatile ECM components that bind and regulate the activity of growth factors, cell membrane receptors, and other ECM molecules. These HS binding partners modulate cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation that are processes altered during tumor progression. Modification in the expression and activity of HS, HSPGs, and the respective metabolic enzymes results unavoidably in alteration of tumor cell microenvironment. In this light, the targeting of HS structure and metabolism is potentially a new tool in the treatment of different cancer types.
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21
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Petković M, Leopold J, Popović I, Dimić D, Ilić J, Nenadović M, Rakočević Z, Schiller J. Performances of ionic liquid matrices with butyl ammonium counterion for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection and analysis of sucralfate. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1669633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Petković
- Department of Atomic Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jenny Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iva Popović
- Department of Atomic Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Ilić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Nenadović
- Department of Atomic Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Rakočević
- Department of Atomic Physics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Zhang J, Tang PMK, Zhou Y, Cheng ASL, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. Targeting the Oncogenic FGF-FGFR Axis in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060637. [PMID: 31242658 PMCID: PMC6627225 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most wide-spread malignancies in the world. The oncogenic role of signaling of fibroblast growing factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in gastric tumorigenesis has been gradually elucidated by recent studies. The expression pattern and clinical correlations of FGF and FGFR family members have been comprehensively delineated. Among them, FGF18 and FGFR2 demonstrate the most prominent driving role in gastric tumorigenesis with gene amplification or somatic mutations and serve as prognostic biomarkers. FGF-FGFR promotes tumor progression by crosstalking with multiple oncogenic pathways and this provides a rational therapeutic strategy by co-targeting the crosstalks to achieve synergistic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FGF-FGFR signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma together with the current targeted strategies in aberrant FGF-FGFR activated GC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick M K Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Muhamad II, Zulkifli N, Selvakumaran SA, Lazim NAM. Bioactive Algal-Derived Polysaccharides: Multi-Functionalization, Therapeutic Potential and Biomedical Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1147-1162. [PMID: 31258069 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618152133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the utilization of polysaccharides showing biological activity for various novel applications owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Increasing studies have started in the past few years to develop algal polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications. METHODS Saccharide mapping or enzymatic profiling plays a role in quality control of polysaccharides. Whereby, in vitro and in vivo tests as well as toxicity level discriminating polysaccharides biological activities. Extraction and purification methods are performed in obtaining algal derived polysaccharides followed by chromatographic profiles of their active compounds, structural features, physicochemical properties, and reported biological activities. RESULTS Marine algae are capable of synthesizing Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-GAGs or GAG mimetics such as sulfated glycans. The cell walls of algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. These biopolymers are widely used algal-derived polysaccharides for biological and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and availability. They constitute biochemical compounds that have multi-functionalization, therapeutic potential and immunomodulatory abilities, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of biomedical applications. CONCLUSION Algal-derived polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential that may create new opportunities. They could be maximally exploited to serve as therapeutic tools such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery vehicles. Hence, novel strategies could be applied to tailor multi-functionalization of the polysaccharides from algal species with vast biomedical application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Idayu Muhamad
- School of Chemical and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- School of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nabilah Zulkifli
- School of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suguna A/P Selvakumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Manipal University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asmak Md Lazim
- School of Chemical and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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24
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Bolten SN, Rinas U, Scheper T. Heparin: role in protein purification and substitution with animal-component free material. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8647-8660. [PMID: 30094590 PMCID: PMC6153649 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide which belongs to the family of glycosaminoglycans. It is involved in various important biological activities. The major biological purpose is the inhibition of the coagulation cascade to maintain the blood flow in the vasculature. These properties are employed in several therapeutic drugs. Heparin’s activities are associated with its interaction to various proteins. To date, the structural heparin-protein interactions are not completely understood. This review gives a general overview of specific patterns and functional groups which are involved in the heparin-protein binding. An understanding of the heparin-protein interactions at the molecular level is not only advantageous in the therapeutic application but also in biotechnological application of heparin for downstreaming. This review focuses on the heparin affinity chromatography. Diverse recombinant proteins can be successfully purified by this method. While effective, it is disadvantageous that heparin is an animal-derived material. Animal-based components carry the risk of contamination. Therefore, they are liable to strict quality controls and the validation of effective good manufacturing practice (GMP) implementation. Hence, adequate alternatives to animal-derived components are needed. This review examines strategies to avoid these disadvantages. Thereby, alternatives for the provision of heparin such as chemical synthesized heparin, chemoenzymatic heparin, and bioengineered heparin are discussed. Moreover, the usage of other chromatographic systems mimetic the heparin effect is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nicolin Bolten
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Rinas
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Cheong HY, Groner M, Hong K, Lynch B, Hollingsworth WR, Polonskaya Z, Rhee JK, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Gale AJ, Udit AK. Heparin Binding to an Engineered Virus-like Nanoparticle Antagonist. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4113-4120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Myles Groner
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Brennen Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | | | - Zinaida Polonskaya
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department
of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seou 03760, Korea
| | - Michael M. Baksh
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gale
- Department
of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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26
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Tiwari N, Srivastava A, Kundu B, Munde M. Biophysical insight into the heparin-peptide interaction and its modulation by a small molecule. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi India
| | - Manoj Munde
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
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Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of non-anticoagulant effects of heparins and their potential use in new therapeutic applications. Heparin and heparin derivatives have been tested in inflammatory, pulmonary and reproductive diseases, in cardiovascular, nephro- and neuro-tissue protection and repair, but also as agents against angiogenesis, atheroschlerosis, metastasis, protozoa and viruses. Targeting and inhibition of specific mediators involved in the inflammatory process, promoting some of the above mentioned pathologies, are reported along with recent studies of heparin conjugates and oral delivery systems. Some reports from the institute of the authors, such as those devoted to glycol-split heparins are also included. Among the members and derivatives of this class, several are undergoing clinical trials as antimetastatic and antimalarial agents and for the treatment of labour pain and severe hereditary anaemia. Other heparins, whose therapeutic targets are non-anticoagulant such as nephropathies, retinopathies and cystic fibrosis are also under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G Ronzoni, Milan, Italy.
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28
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Schultz V, Suflita M, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu Y, Li L, Green DE, Xu Y, Zhang F, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Linhardt RJ. Heparan Sulfate Domains Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 and 2 Signaling through Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1c. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2495-2509. [PMID: 28031461 PMCID: PMC5313116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.761585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of well defined heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides was chemoenzymatically synthesized and used for a detailed structure-activity study of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 and FGF2 signaling through FGF receptor (FGFR) 1c. The HS polysaccharide tested contained both undersulfated (NA) domains and highly sulfated (NS) domains as well as very well defined non-reducing termini. This study examines differences in the HS selectivity of the positive canyons of the FGF12-FGFR1c2 and FGF22-FGFR1c2 HS binding sites of the symmetric FGF2-FGFR2-HS2 signal transduction complex. The results suggest that FGF12-FGFR1c2 binding site prefers a longer NS domain at the non-reducing terminus than FGF22-FGFR1c2 In addition, FGF22-FGFR1c2 can tolerate an HS chain having an N-acetylglucosamine residue at its non-reducing end. These results clearly demonstrate the different specificity of FGF12-FGFR1c2 and FGF22-FGFR1c2 for well defined HS structures and suggest that it is now possible to chemoenzymatically synthesize precise HS polysaccharides that can selectively mediate growth factor signaling. These HS polysaccharides might be useful in both understanding and controlling the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells in stem cell therapies, wound healing, and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyue Liu
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Xing Zhang
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Yanlei Yu
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Lingyun Li
- the Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Dixy E Green
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, and
| | - Yongmei Xu
- the Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Fuming Zhang
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73126, and
| | - Jian Liu
- the Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology,
- Biology
- Biomedical Engineering, and
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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29
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Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Sulfation of Glycosaminoglycans and Its Implications in Human Health and Disorders. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:1-26. [PMID: 28226217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation is a dynamic and complex posttranslational modification process. It can occur at various positions within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) backbone and modulates extracellular signals such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions; different sulfation patterns have been identified for the same organs and cells during their development. Because of their high specificity in relation to function, GAG sulfation patterns are referred to as the sulfation code. This review explores the role of GAG sulfation in different biological processes at the cell, tissue, and organism levels. We address the connection between the sulfation patterns of GAGs and several physiological processes and discuss the misregulation of GAG sulfation and its involvement in several genetic and metabolic disorders. Finally, we present the therapeutic potential of GAGs and their synthetic mimics in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group: Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho and Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; , , .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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30
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Zia F, Zia KM, Zuber M, Tabasum S, Rehman S. Heparin based polyurethanes: A state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Gallagher J. Fell-Muir Lecture: Heparan sulphate and the art of cell regulation: a polymer chain conducts the protein orchestra. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:203-31. [PMID: 26173450 PMCID: PMC4561558 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS) sits at the interface of the cell and the extracellular matrix. It is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of anionic polysaccharides with unique structural features designed for protein interaction and regulation. Its client proteins include soluble effectors (e.g. growth factors, morphogens, chemokines), membrane receptors and cell adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, fibrillin and various types of collagen. The protein-binding properties of HS, together with its strategic positioning in the pericellular domain, are indicative of key roles in mediating the flow of regulatory signals between cells and their microenvironment. The control of transmembrane signalling is a fundamental element in the complex biology of HS. It seems likely that, in some way, HS orchestrates diverse signalling pathways to facilitate information processing inside the cell. A dictionary definition of an orchestra is 'a large group of musicians who play together on various instruments …' to paraphrase, the HS orchestra is 'a large group of proteins that play together on various receptors'. HS conducts this orchestra to ensure that proteins hit the right notes on their receptors but, in the manner of a true conductor, does it also set 'the musical pulse' and create rhythm and harmony attractive to the cell? This is too big a question to answer but fun to think about as you read this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gallagher
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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32
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Interactions of the Chemokine CCL5/RANTES with Medium-Sized Chondroitin Sulfate Ligands. Structure 2015; 23:1066-77. [PMID: 25982530 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are crucial to the CCL5-mediated inflammation process. However, structural information on interactions between CCL5 and longer GAG fragments is lacking. In this study, the interactions between oligosaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate and a dimeric variant of CCL5 were investigated using solution nuclear magnetic resonance. The data indicate that, in addition to the BBXB motif in the 40s loop, GAGs also contact residues in the N loop in a manner similar to interactions between chemokine and the receptor N terminus, leading to possible stabilization of the dimer. Using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl-tagged hexasaccharides, the binding orientation of the hexasaccharides was shown to be highly dependent on the sulfation pattern of the N-acetyl galactosamine groups. Finally, a model of the CCL5 dimer complexed to chondroitin sulfate hexasaccharides was constructed using paramagnetic relaxation enhancement and intra- and intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect constraints.
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33
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Mannello F, Maccari F, Ligi D, Santi M, Gatto F, Linhardt RJ, Galeotti F, Volpi N. Breast cyst fluid heparan sulphate is distinctivelyN-sulphated depending on apocrine or flattened type. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:128-33. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; University “Carlo Bo”; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; University “Carlo Bo”; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Martina Santi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; University “Carlo Bo”; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Francesco Gatto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena 41125 Italy
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34
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMMB, de Morais RMSC. Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Zieris A, Dockhorn R, Röhrich A, Zimmermann R, Müller M, Welzel PB, Tsurkan MV, Sommer JU, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Biohybrid Networks of Selectively Desulfated Glycosaminoglycans for Tunable Growth Factor Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4439-46. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5012294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zieris
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ron Dockhorn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anika Röhrich
- B CUBE
Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra B. Welzel
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail V. Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
17, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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36
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Studying glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions using capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1229:355-75. [PMID: 25325965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1714-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins have assumed considerable significance as their biological importance increases. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful method to study these interactions due to its speed, high efficiency, and low sample/reagent consumption. In addition, CE works effectively under a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions. This chapter presents state-of-the-art on CE methods for studying GAG-protein interactions including affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), frontal analysis (FA)/frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE), and capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC) with detailed experimental protocols for ACE and CZE methods.
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37
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Qu G, Zhang G, Wu Z, Shen A, Wang J, Hu J. A “turn-off” SERS assay of heparin with high selectivity based on heparin–peptide complex and Raman labelled gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Mottarella SE, Beglov D, Beglova N, Nugent MA, Kozakov D, Vajda S. Docking server for the identification of heparin binding sites on proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2068-78. [PMID: 24974889 PMCID: PMC4184157 DOI: 10.1021/ci500115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins of widely differing functionality and structure are capable of binding heparin and heparan sulfate. Since crystallizing protein-heparin complexes for structure determination is generally difficult, computational docking can be a useful approach for understanding specific interactions. Previous studies used programs originally developed for docking small molecules to well-defined pockets, rather than for docking polysaccharides to highly charged shallow crevices that usually bind heparin. We have extended the program PIPER and the automated protein-protein docking server ClusPro to heparin docking. Using a molecular mechanics energy function for scoring and the fast Fourier transform correlation approach, the method generates and evaluates close to a billion poses of a heparin tetrasaccharide probe. The docked structures are clustered using pairwise root-mean-square deviations as the distance measure. It was shown that clustering of heparin molecules close to each other but having different orientations and selecting the clusters with the highest protein-ligand contacts reliably predicts the heparin binding site. In addition, the centers of the five most populated clusters include structures close to the native orientation of the heparin. These structures can provide starting points for further refinement by methods that account for flexibility such as molecular dynamics. The heparin docking method is available as an advanced option of the ClusPro server at http://cluspro.bu.edu/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Mottarella
- Program in Bioinformatics and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University , 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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39
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Nugent MA, Zaia J, Spencer JL. Heparan sulfate-protein binding specificity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:726-35. [PMID: 24010836 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) represents a large class of linear polysaccharides that are required for the function of all mammalian physiological systems. HS is characterized by a repeating disaccharide backbone that is subject to a wide range of modifications, making this class of macromolecules arguably the most information dense in all of biology. The majority of HS functions are associated with the ability to bind and regulate a wide range of proteins. Indeed, recent years have seen an explosion in the discovery of new activities for HS where it is now recognized that this class of glycans functions as co-receptors for growth factors and cytokines, modulates cellular uptake of lipoproteins, regulates protease activity, is critical to amyloid plaque formation, is used by opportunistic pathogens to enter cells, and may even participate in epigenetic regulation. This review will discuss the current state of understanding regarding the specificity of HS-protein binding and will describe the concept that protein binding to HS depends on the overall organization of domains within HS rather than fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nugent
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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40
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Sterner E, Masuko S, Li G, Li L, Green DE, Otto NJ, Xu Y, DeAngelis PL, Liu J, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Fibroblast growth factor-based signaling through synthetic heparan sulfate blocks copolymers studied using high cell density three-dimensional cell printing. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9754-65. [PMID: 24563485 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.546937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Four well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) block copolymers containing S-domains (high sulfo group content) placed adjacent to N-domains (low sulfo group content) were chemoenzymatically synthesized and characterized. The domain lengths in these HS block co-polymers were ~40 saccharide units. Microtiter 96-well and three-dimensional cell-based microarray assays utilizing murine immortalized bone marrow (BaF3) cells were developed to evaluate the activity of these HS block co-polymers. Each recombinant BaF3 cell line expresses only a single type of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) but produces neither HS nor fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In the presence of different FGFs, BaF3 cell proliferation showed clear differences for the four HS block co-polymers examined. These data were used to examine the two proposed signaling models, the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 ternary complex model and the asymmetric FGF2-HS1-FGFR2 ternary complex model. In the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 model, two acidic HS chains bind in a basic canyon located on the top face of the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex. In this model the S-domains at the non-reducing ends of the two HS proteoglycan chains are proposed to interact with the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex. In contrast, in the asymmetric FGF2-HS1-FGFR2 model, a single HS chain interacts with the FGF2-FGFR2 protein complex through a single S-domain that can be located at any position within an HS chain. Our data comparing a series of synthetically prepared HS block copolymers support a preference for the symmetric FGF2-HS2-FGFR2 ternary complex model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sterner
- From the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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41
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42
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Mazák K, Beecher CN, Kraszni M, Larive CK. The interaction of enoxaparin and fondaparinux with calcium. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:13-9. [PMID: 24334236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main sites of calcium binding were determined for the low molecular weight heparin drug enoxaparin and the synthetic pentasaccharide Arixtra (fondaparinux). [(1)H,(13)C] HSQC pH titrations were carried out to characterize the acid-base properties of these samples both in the presence and absence of calcium. The differences in the titration curves were used to determine the structural components of enoxaparin and fondaparinux responsible for Ca(2+) binding. In enoxaparin both unsubstituted and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues are important in calcium binding and the presence of the 2-O-sulfo group does not seem to influence the Ca(2+) binding capability of the iduronate ring. In fondaparinux changes in chemical shifts upon Ca(2+) binding were smaller than observed for enoxaparin, and were observed for both the glucuronic acid and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues. In enoxaparin significant perturbations of the chemical shift of the N-sulfoglucosamine anomeric carbon in residues connected to 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid were detected on Ca(2+) binding, however it was not possible to determine whether these changes reflect direct involvement in calcium complexation or result from through space interactions or conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Mazák
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Consuelo N Beecher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Márta Kraszni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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43
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Guo C, Wang B, Wang L, Xu B. Structural basis of single molecular heparin-FX06 interaction revealed by SPM measurements and molecular simulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:12222-4. [PMID: 23147065 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin, a functionalized polysaccharide, is observed under a scanning tunneling microscope, which shows atomic scale conformational details. The peptide FX06 is found to bind to five consecutive sugar units of heparin and this interaction is directly revealed by atomic force microscopy and dynamic force spectroscopy measurements. The determined free energy change agrees well with the dynamic calculation result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlan Guo
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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44
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Kamhi E, Joo EJ, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:928-43. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Kamhi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Drughoming Ltd; Rehovot Israel
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
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Muñoz-García JC, López-Prados J, Angulo J, Díaz-Contreras I, Reichardt N, de Paz JL, Martín-Lomas M, Nieto PM. Effect of the substituents of the neighboring ring in the conformational equilibrium of iduronate in heparin-like trisaccharides. Chemistry 2012; 18:16319-31. [PMID: 23143902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structure of the regular heparin, we have prepared a smart library of heparin-like trisaccharides by incorporating some sulfate groups in the sequence α-D-GlcNS- (1-4)-α-L-Ido2S-(1-4)-α-D-GlcN. According to the 3D structure of heparin, which features one helix turn every four residues, this fragment corresponds to the minimum binding motif. We have performed a complete NMR study and found that the trisaccharides have a similar 3D structure to regular heparin itself, but their spectral properties are such that allow to extract very detailed information about distances and coupling constants as they are isotropic molecules. The characteristic conformational equilibrium of the central iduronate ring has been analyzed combining NMR and molecular dynamics and the populations of the conformers of the central iduronate ring have been calculated. We have found that in those compounds lacking the sulfate group at position 6 of the reducing end glucosamine, the population of (2)S(0) of the central iduronate residue is sensitive to the temperature decreasing to 19% at 278 K. On the contrary, the trisaccharides with 6-O-sulfate in the reducing end glucosamine keep the level of population constant with temperature circa 40% of (2)S(0) similar to that observed at room temperature. Another structural feature that has been revealed through this analysis is the larger flexibility of the L-IdoAS- D-GlcN glycosidic linkage, compared with the D-GlcNS-L-IdoA. We propose that this is the point where the heparin chain is bended to form structures far from the regular helix known as kink that have been proposed to play an important role in the specificity of the heparin-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Muñoz-García
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas, CSIC-US, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Torrent M, Nogués MV, Andreu D, Boix E. The "CPC clip motif": a conserved structural signature for heparin-binding proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42692. [PMID: 22880084 PMCID: PMC3412806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential molecules that regulate diverse biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, signaling and growth, by interaction with a wide variety of proteins. However, despite the efforts committed to understand the molecular nature of the interactions in protein-GAG complexes, the answer to this question remains elusive.In the present study the interphases of 20 heparin-binding proteins have been analyzed searching for a conserved structural pattern. We have found that a structural motif encompassing one polar and two cationic residues (which has been named the CPC clip motif) is conserved among all the proteins deposited in the PDB. The distances between the α carbons and the side chain center of gravity of the residues composing this motif are also conserved. Furthermore, this pattern can be found in other proteins suggested to bind heparin for which no structural information is available. Hence we propose that the CPC clip motif, working like a staple, is a primary contributor to the attachment of heparin and other sulfated GAGs to heparin-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Bouças RI, Jarrouge-Bouças TR, Lima MA, Trindade ES, Moraes FA, Cavalheiro RP, Tersariol IL, Hoppenstead D, Fareed J, Nader HB. Glycosaminoglycan backbone is not required for the modulation of hemostasis: Effect of different heparin derivatives and non-glycosaminoglycan analogs. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:308-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fu X, Chen L, Li J, Lin M, You H, Wang W. Label-free colorimetric sensor for ultrasensitive detection of heparin based on color quenching of gold nanorods by graphene oxide. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 34:227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Microglial carbohydrate-binding receptors for neural repair. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:215-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Abstract
Heparin is a member of the heparan sulphate family of glycosaminoglycans, a linear polysaccharide with a complex sequence resulting from the action of post-polymerisation enzymes on a regular repeating disaccharide background. Its overall conformation is rod-like in solution as well as in the solid state, but the conformational fluctuations of iduronate residues give rise to considerable internal motion and variation in local three-dimensional structure. Structure/function relationships and their relation to sequence are still the subject of argument, but new methodologies to tackle the subject are emerging. Heparin as a therapeutic agent and as the object of research may be characterised by numerous physico-chemical techniques. These include chromatographic methods for measurement of molecular weight; a variety of spectroscopic techniques; separation methods for whole polysaccharides, as well as for oligo- and monosaccharides; and mass spectrometric methods for mapping and sequence analysis. The impetus provided by the discovery of heparin contamination with oversulphated chondroitin sulphate has been influential in bringing combinations of many old and new techniques into use to ensure that heparin is sufficiently consistent and pure to be used safely. Synthetic and semi-synthetic heparins are in development and may become reality in the relatively near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mulloy
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
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