1
|
Ramasamy R, Shekhtman A, Schmidt AM. RAGE/DIAPH1 and atherosclerosis through an evolving lens: Viewing the cell from the "Inside - Out". Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117304. [PMID: 39131441 PMCID: PMC11309734 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims In hyperglycemia, inflammation, oxidative stress and aging, Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) accumulate in conditions such as atherosclerosis. Binding of DAMPs to receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activates signal transduction cascades that contribute to cellular stress. The cytoplasmic domain (tail) of RAGE (ctRAGE) binds to the formin Diaphanous1 (DIAPH1), which is important for RAGE signaling. This Review will detail the evidence linking the RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling pathway to atherosclerosis and envisages future therapeutic opportunities from the "inside-out" point of view in affected cells. Methods PubMed was searched using a variety of search terms, including "receptor for advanced glycation end products" along with various combinations including "and atherosclerosis," "soluble RAGE and atherosclerosis," "statins and RAGE," "PPAR and RAGE" and "SGLT2 inhibitor and RAGE." Results In non-diabetic and diabetic mice, antagonism or global deletion of Ager (the gene encoding RAGE) retards progression and accelerates regression of atherosclerosis. Global deletion of Diaph1 in mice devoid of the low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) significantly attenuates atherosclerosis; mice devoid of both Diaph1 and Ldlr display significantly lower plasma and liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to mice devoid of Ldlr. Associations between RAGE pathway and human atherosclerosis have been identified based on relationships between plasma/serum concentrations of RAGE ligands, soluble RAGEs and atherosclerosis. Conclusions Efforts to target RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling through a small molecule antagonist therapeutic strategy hold promise to quell accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes and in other forms of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo S, Ye D, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Xie L, Ji Y. Roles of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Endothelial Homeostasis and Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:186-205. [PMID: 37742108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nitric oxide (NO) plays several distinct roles in endothelial homeostasis. Except for activating the guanylyl cyclase enzyme-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, NO can bind reactive cysteine residues in target proteins, a process known as S-nitrosylation (SNO). SNO is proposed to explain the multiple biological functions of NO in the endothelium. Investigating the targets and mechanism of protein SNO in endothelial cells (ECs) can provide new strategies for treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. Recent Advances: In response to different environments, proteomics has identified multiple SNO targets in ECs. Functional studies confirm that SNO regulates NO bioavailability, inflammation, permeability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity in ECs. It also influences EC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transdifferentiation. Critical Issues: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of ECs isolated from different mouse tissues showed heterogeneous gene signatures. However, litter research focuses on the heterogeneous properties of SNO proteins in ECs derived from different tissues. Although metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in endothelial functions, little is known about how protein SNO regulates metabolism reprogramming in ECs. Future Directions: Precisely deciphering the effects of protein SNO in ECs isolated from different tissues under different conditions is necessary to further characterize the relationship between protein SNO and endothelial dysfunction-related diseases. In addition, identifying SNO targets that can influence endothelial metabolic reprogramming and the underlying mechanism can offer new views on the crosstalk between metabolism and post-translational protein modification. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 186-205.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, the Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chu Z, Zhu M, Luo Y, Hu Y, Feng X, Wang H, Sunagawa M, Liu Y. PTBP1 plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:195. [PMID: 37670313 PMCID: PMC10478210 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) has been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. At present, the role of PTBP1 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown and worthy of further investigation. METHODS We used bioinformatics to analyze the expression of PTBP1 in patients with GC. Cell proliferation related experiments were used to detect cell proliferation after PTBP1 knockdown. Skeleton staining, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the changes of actin skeleton. Proliferation and actin skeleton remodeling signaling pathways were detected by Western Blots. The relationship between PTBP1 and proliferation of gastric cancer cells was further detected by subcutaneous tumor transplantation. Finally, tissue microarray data from clinical samples were used to further explore the expression of PTBP1 in patients with gastric cancer and its correlation with prognosis. RESULTS Through bioinformatics studies, we found that PTBP1 was highly expressed in GC patients and correlated with poor prognosis. Cell proliferation and cycle analysis showed that PTBP1 down-regulation could significantly inhibit cell proliferation. The results of cell proliferation detection related experiments showed that PTBP1 down-regulation could inhibit the division and proliferation of GC cells. Furthermore, changes in the morphology of the actin skeleton of cells showed that PTBP1 down-regulation inhibited actin skeletal remodeling in GC cells. Western Blots showed that PTBP1 could regulate proliferation and actin skeleton remodeling signaling pathways. In addition, we constructed PTBP1 Cas9-KO mouse model and performed xenograft assays to further confirm that down-regulation of PTBP1 could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells. Finally, tissue microarray was used to further verify the close correlation between PTBP1 and poor prognosis in patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that PTBP1 may affect the proliferation of GC cells by regulating actin skeleton remodeling. In addition, PTBP1 is closely related to actin skeleton remodeling and proliferation signaling pathways. We suppose that PTBP1 might be a potential target for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Chu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yanqing Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Senatus L, Egaña-Gorroño L, López-Díez R, Bergaya S, Aranda JF, Amengual J, Arivazhagan L, Manigrasso MB, Yepuri G, Nimma R, Mangar KN, Bernadin R, Zhou B, Gugger PF, Li H, Friedman RA, Theise ND, Shekhtman A, Fisher EA, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. DIAPH1 mediates progression of atherosclerosis and regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:280. [PMID: 36932214 PMCID: PMC10023694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis evolves through dysregulated lipid metabolism interwoven with exaggerated inflammation. Previous work implicating the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in atherosclerosis prompted us to explore if Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1), which binds to the RAGE cytoplasmic domain and is important for RAGE signaling, contributes to these processes. We intercrossed atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr-/- mice with mice devoid of Diaph1 and fed them Western diet for 16 weeks. Compared to male Ldlr-/- mice, male Ldlr-/- Diaph1-/- mice displayed significantly less atherosclerosis, in parallel with lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides. Female Ldlr-/- Diaph1-/- mice displayed significantly less atherosclerosis compared to Ldlr-/- mice and demonstrated lower plasma concentrations of cholesterol, but not plasma triglycerides. Deletion of Diaph1 attenuated expression of genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, Acaca, Acacb, Gpat2, Lpin1, Lpin2 and Fasn, without effect on mRNA expression of upstream transcription factors Srebf1, Srebf2 or Mxlipl in male mice. We traced DIAPH1-dependent mechanisms to nuclear translocation of SREBP1 in a manner independent of carbohydrate- or insulin-regulated cues but, at least in part, through the actin cytoskeleton. This work unveils new regulators of atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism through DIAPH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lander Egaña-Gorroño
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonia Bergaya
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Francisco Aranda
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaume Amengual
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michaele B Manigrasso
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramesh Nimma
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaamashri N Mangar
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rollanda Bernadin
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boyan Zhou
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matsubayashi Y. Dynamic movement and turnover of extracellular matrices during tissue development and maintenance. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:248-274. [PMID: 35856387 PMCID: PMC9302511 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are essential for the architecture and function of animal tissues. ECMs have been thought to be highly stable structures; however, too much stability of ECMs would hamper tissue remodelling required for organ development and maintenance. Regarding this conundrum, this article reviews multiple lines of evidence that ECMs are in fact rapidly moving and replacing components in diverse organisms including hydra, worms, flies, and vertebrates. Also discussed are how cells behave on/in such dynamic ECMs, how ECM dynamics contributes to embryogenesis and adult tissue homoeostasis, and what molecular mechanisms exist behind the dynamics. In addition, it is highlighted how cutting-edge technologies such as genome engineering, live imaging, and mathematical modelling have contributed to reveal the previously invisible dynamics of ECMs. The idea that ECMs are unchanging is to be changed, and ECM dynamics is emerging as a hitherto unrecognized critical factor for tissue development and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsubayashi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Dorset, Poole, Dorset, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zieliński T, Pabijan J, Zapotoczny B, Zemła J, Wesołowska J, Pera J, Lekka M. Changes in nanomechanical properties of single neuroblastoma cells as a model for oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Sci Rep 2022; 12:16276. [PMID: 36175469 PMCID: PMC9523022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although complex, the biological processes underlying ischemic stroke are better known than those related to biomechanical alterations of single cells. Mechanisms of biomechanical changes and their relations to the molecular processes are crucial for understanding the function and dysfunction of the brain. In our study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the alterations in biomechanical properties in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (RO). Obtained results reveal several characteristics. Cell viability remained at the same level, regardless of the OGD and RO conditions, but, in parallel, the metabolic activity of cells decreased with OGD duration. 24 h RO did not recover the metabolic activity fully. Cells subjected to OGD appeared softer than control cells. Cell softening was strongly present in cells after 1 h of OGD and with longer OGD duration, and in RO conditions, cells recovered their mechanical properties. Changes in the nanomechanical properties of cells were attributed to the remodelling of actin filaments, which was related to cofilin-based regulation and impaired metabolic activity of cells. The presented study shows the importance of nanomechanics in research on ischemic-related pathological processes such as stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zieliński
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pabijan
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zapotoczny
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julita Wesołowska
- Laboratory of in Vivo and in Vitro Imaging, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31503, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang W, Fu C, Lin M, Lu Y, Lian S, Xie X, Zhou G, Li W, Zhang Y, Jia L, Zhong C, Huang M. Fucoxanthin prevents breast cancer metastasis by interrupting circulating tumor cells adhesion and transendothelial migration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960375. [PMID: 36160416 PMCID: PMC9500434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and a critical challenge in improving cancer treatment today. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) adhesion to and across the vascular endothelium are critical steps in the establishment of micrometastatic foci away from the primary tumor. Therefore, we believe that interrupting CTCs adhesion to endothelium and transendothelial migration may efficiently prevent cancer metastasis. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is an algal carotenoid widely distributed in brown algae, macroalgae, and diatoms. Previous studies have found that Fx has various pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antimalarial, anticancer, and so on. However, it remains unclear whether Fx has a preventive effect on cancer metastasis. Here, we found that Fx interrupts breast cancer cells MCF-7 adhesion to endothelium and transendothelial migration, thus inhibiting CTCs-based pulmonary metastasis in vivo. The hetero-adhesion assay showed that Fx significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory factor-induced cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and the resulting adhesion between MCF-7 cells and endothelial cells. The wound-healing and transwell assays showed that Fx significantly inhibited the motility, invasion, and transendothelial migration abilities of MCF-7 cells. However, the same concentration of Fx did not significantly alter the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and ROS of breast cancer cells, thus excluding the possibility that Fx inhibits MCF-7 cell adhesion and transendothelial migration through cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, Fx inhibits the expression of CAMs on endothelial cells by inhibiting the NF-кB signaling pathway by down-regulating the phosphorylation level of IKK-α/β, IкB-α, and NF-кB p65. Fx inhibits transendothelial migration of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), PI3K/AKT, and FAK/Paxillin signaling pathways. Moreover, we demonstrated that Fx significantly inhibits the formation of lung micrometastatic foci in immunocompetent syngeneic mouse breast cancer metastasis models. We also showed that Fx enhances antitumor immune responses by substantially increasing the subsets of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral immune system. This new finding provides a basis for the application of Fx in cancer metastatic chemoprevention and suggests that interruption of the CTCs adhesion to endothelium and transendothelial migration may serve as a new avenue for cancer metastatic chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengbin Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Breast Surgery Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengting Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Lu, ; Chunlian Zhong, ; Mingqing Huang,
| | - Shu Lian
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guiyu Zhou
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wulin Li
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunlian Zhong
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Lu, ; Chunlian Zhong, ; Mingqing Huang,
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Lu, ; Chunlian Zhong, ; Mingqing Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Howard J, Goh CY, Gorzel KW, Higgins M, McCann A. The potential role of cofilin-1 in promoting triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis via the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101247. [PMID: 34678587 PMCID: PMC8529549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer, particularly prone to metastasis and is associated with poor survival outcomes. The key to unravelling the aggressiveness of TNBC lies in decoding the mechanism by which it metastasises. Cofilin-1 is a well-studied member of the cofilin family, involved in actin depolymerisation. Studies have described the diverse roles of cofilin-1 including cell motility, apoptosis and lipid metabolism. Levels of cofilin-1 have been shown to be increased in many different types of malignant cells, with increased cofilin-1 protein levels associated with poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microvesicles typically around 100 nm in size, found in all biological fluids examined to date (Lötvall et al., 2014). Proteomic studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown that cofilin-1 is amongst the most frequently detected. Moreover, decreased levels of cofilin-1 potentially inhibit the release of EVs from cells. Additionally, Cofilin-1 is essential for the maturation of EVs and may also play a key role in the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche, thus promoting tumour cell migration. Further work into the exact mechanism by which cofilin-1 advances TNBC metastasis, may potentially prevent disease progression and improve outcomes for patients with TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Howard
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Chia Yin Goh
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Karolina Weiner Gorzel
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; St Vincent's University Hospital (SVUH), Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michaela Higgins
- St Vincent's University Hospital (SVUH), Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences (CHAS), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blaise AM, Corcoran EE, Wattenberg ES, Zhang YL, Cottrell JR, Koleske AJ. In vitro fluorescence assay to measure GDP/GTP exchange of guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Rho family GTPases. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 7:bpab024. [PMID: 35087952 PMCID: PMC8789339 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are enzymes that promote the activation of GTPases through GTP loading. Whole exome sequencing has identified rare variants in GEFs that are associated with disease, demonstrating that GEFs play critical roles in human development. However, the consequences of these rare variants can only be understood through measuring their effects on cellular activity. Here, we provide a detailed, user-friendly protocol for purification and fluorescence-based analysis of the two GEF domains within the protein, Trio. This analysis offers a straight-forward, quantitative tool to test the activity of GEF domains on their respective GTPases, as well as utilize high-throughput screening to identify regulators and inhibitors. This protocol can be adapted for characterization of other Rho family GEFs. Such analyses are crucial for the complete understanding of the roles of GEF genetic variants in human development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Blaise
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Ellen E Corcoran
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Eve S Wattenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Cottrell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vlassakis J, Hansen LL, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Zhou Y, Tsui CK, Dillin A, Huang H, Herr AE. Measuring expression heterogeneity of single-cell cytoskeletal protein complexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4969. [PMID: 34404787 PMCID: PMC8371148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimeric cytoskeletal protein complexes orchestrate normal cellular function. However, protein-complex distributions in stressed, heterogeneous cell populations remain unknown. Cell staining and proximity-based methods have limited selectivity and/or sensitivity for endogenous multimeric protein-complex quantification from single cells. We introduce micro-arrayed, differential detergent fractionation to simultaneously detect protein complexes in hundreds of individual cells. Fractionation occurs by 60 s size-exclusion electrophoresis with protein complex-stabilizing buffer that minimizes depolymerization. Proteins are measured with a ~5-hour immunoassay. Co-detection of cytoskeletal protein complexes in U2OS cells treated with filamentous actin (F-actin) destabilizing Latrunculin A detects a unique subpopulation (~2%) exhibiting downregulated F-actin, but upregulated microtubules. Thus, some cells may upregulate other cytoskeletal complexes to counteract the stress of Latrunculin A treatment. We also sought to understand the effect of non-chemical stress on cellular heterogeneity of F-actin. We find heat shock may dysregulate filamentous and globular actin correlation. In this work, our assay overcomes selectivity limitations to biochemically quantify single-cell protein complexes perturbed with diverse stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julea Vlassakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Louise L Hansen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The multiple roles of actin-binding proteins at invadopodia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33962752 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell dissemination by focusing on proteolytic activity and clearing paths for migration through physical barriers, such as basement membranes, dense extracellular matrices, and endothelial cell junctions. Invadopodium formation and activity require spatially and temporally regulated changes in actin filament organization and dynamics. About three decades of research have led to a remarkable understanding of how these changes are orchestrated by sequential recruitment and coordinated activity of different sets of actin-binding proteins. In this chapter, we provide an update on the roles of the actin cytoskeleton during the main stages of invadopodium development with a particular focus on actin polymerization machineries and production of pushing forces driving extracellular matrix remodeling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Chai Z, Kong S, Feng J, Wu M, Tan J, Yuan M, Chen G, Li Z, Zhou H, Cheng S, Xu H. Nujiangexanthone A Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis via Down Regulation of Cofilin 1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644716. [PMID: 33791303 PMCID: PMC8006445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis. High expression level of cofilin 1 (CFL1) has been found in many types of cancers. However, the role of CFL1 in HCC hasn’t been known clearly. Here, we found that CFL1 was up regulated in human HCC and significantly associated with both overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients. Nujiangexanthone A (NJXA), the caged xanthones, isolated from gamboge plants decreased the expression of CFL1, which also inhibited the migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Down regulation of CFL1 inhibited aggressiveness of HCC cells, which mimicked the effect of NJXA. Mechanism study indicated that, knockdown of CFL1 or treatment with NJXA increased the level of F-actin and disturbed the balance between F-actin and G-actin. In conclusion, our findings reveal the role of CFL1 in HCC metastasis through the CFL1/F-actin axis, and suggest that CFL1 may be a potential prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target. NJXA can effectively inhibit the metastasis of HCC cells by down regulating the expression of CFL1, which indicates the potential of NJXA for preventing metastasis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiling Feng
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iyer M, Subramaniam MD, Venkatesan D, Cho SG, Ryding M, Meyer M, Vellingiri B. Role of RhoA-ROCK signaling in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 894:173815. [PMID: 33345850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and widespread neurodegenerative disease characterized by depletion of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Key issues are the development of therapies that can stop or reverse the disease progression, identification of dependable biomarkers, and better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. RhoA-ROCK signals appear to have an important role in PD symptoms, making it a possible approach for PD treatment strategies. Activation of RhoA-ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase) appears to stimulate various PD risk factors including aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn), dysregulation of autophagy, and activation of apoptosis. This manuscript reviews current updates about the biology and function of the RhoA-ROCK pathway and discusses the possible role of this signaling pathway in causing the pathogenesis of PD. We conclude that inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway may have high translational potential and could be a promising therapeutic target in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600 006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Matias Ryding
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Brain Research - Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Odense, Denmark
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo X, He JY, Xu J, Hu SY, Mo BH, Shu QX, Chen C, Gong YZ, Zhao XL, Xie GF, Yu ST. Vascular NRP2 triggers PNET angiogenesis by activating the SSH1-cofilin axis. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:113. [PMID: 32983407 PMCID: PMC7509939 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a critical step in the growth of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and may be a selective target for PNET therapy. However, PNETs are robustly resistant to current anti-angiogenic therapies that primarily target the VEGFR pathway. Thus, the mechanism of PNET angiogenesis urgently needs to be clarified. Methods Dataset analysis was used to identify angiogenesis-related genes in PNETs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the relationship among Neuropilin 2 (NRP2), VEGFR2 and CD31. Cell proliferation, wound-healing and tube formation assays were performed to clarify the function of NRP2 in angiogenesis. The mechanism involved in NRP2-induced angiogenesis was detected by constructing plasmids with mutant variants and performing Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. A mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of the NRP2 antibody in vivo, and clinical data were collected from patient records to verify the association between NRP2 and patient prognosis. Results NRP2, a VEGFR2 co-receptor, was positively correlated with vascularity but not with VEGFR2 in PNET tissues. NRP2 promoted the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in the presence of conditioned medium PNET cells via a VEGF/VEGFR2-independent pathway. Moreover, NRP2 induced F-actin polymerization by activating the actin-binding protein cofilin. Cofilin phosphatase slingshot-1 (SSH1) was highly expressed in NRP2-activating cofilin, and silencing SSH1 ameliorated NRP2-activated HUVEC migration and F-actin polymerization. Furthermore, blocking NRP2 in vivo suppressed PNET angiogenesis and tumor growth. Finally, elevated NRP2 expression was associated with poor prognosis in PNET patients. Conclusion Vascular NRP2 promotes PNET angiogenesis by activating the SSH1/cofilin/actin axis. Our findings demonstrate that NRP2 is an important regulator of angiogenesis and a potential therapeutic target of anti-angiogenesis therapy for PNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yi He
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yi Hu
- Nursing Division, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Hui Mo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Feng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rho A and Rac1: Antagonists moving forward. Tissue Cell 2020; 65:101364. [PMID: 32746999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells detect external stimuli through cell-surface receptors. In cases where the stimulus is a cytokine or a growth factor, the cell responds by inducing modifications in the actin cytoskeleton. These changes are mediated through the Rho family of GTPases. Among these GTPases, RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 have been extensively studied. The activity of these proteins is closely monitored and tightly regulated through Guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that turn the "switch" on and off respectively. Crosstalk between Rho GTPases has been long studied; yet many questions are raised regarding the spatiotemporal regulation of these GTPases, particularly RhoA and Rac1. This review sheds a light on the antagonistic relationship between both GTPases and puts emphasis on the importance of cycling of RhoA activation at the focal adhesions for optimal cell migration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kłopocka W, Korczyński J, Pomorski P. Cytoskeleton and Nucleotide Signaling in Glioma C6 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:109-128. [PMID: 32034711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes signaling pathways, stimulated by the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R), that regulate cellular processes dependent on actin cytoskeleton dynamics in glioma C6 cells. P2Y2R coupled with G-proteins, in response to ATP or UTP, regulates the level of iphosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) which modulates a variety of actin binding proteins and is involved in calcium response and activates Rac1 and RhoA proteins. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in contractile force generation needed for the assembly of stress fibers, focal adhesions and for tail retraction during cell migration. Blocking of this pathway by a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor induces changes in F-actin organization and cell shape and decreases the level of phosphorylated myosin II and cofilin. In glioma C6 cells these changes are reversed after UTP stimulation of P2Y2R. Signaling pathways responsible for this compensation are calcium signaling which regulates MLC kinase activation via calmodulin, and the Rac1/PAK/LIMK cascade. Stimulation of the Rac1 mediated pathway via Go proteins needs additional interaction between αvβ5 integrins and P2Y2Rs. Calcium free medium, or growing of the cells in suspension, prevents Gαo activation by P2Y2 receptors. Rac1 activation is necessary for cofilin phosphorylation as well as integrin activation needed for focal complexes formation and stabilization of lamellipodium. Inhibition of positive Rac1 regulation prevents glioma C6 cells from recovery of control cell like morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Kłopocka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Korczyński
- M. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- M. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Teets FD, Watanabe T, Hahn KM, Kuhlman B. A Computational Protocol for Regulating Protein Binding Reactions with a Light-Sensitive Protein Dimer. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:805-814. [PMID: 31887287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light-sensitive proteins can be used to perturb signaling networks in living cells and animals with high spatiotemporal resolution. We recently engineered a protein heterodimer that dissociates when irradiated with blue light and demonstrated that by fusing each half of the dimer to termini of a protein that it is possible to selectively block binding surfaces on the protein when in the dark. On activation with light, the dimer dissociates and exposes the binding surface, allowing the protein to bind its partner. Critical to the success of this system, called Z-lock, is that the linkers connecting the dimer components to the termini are engineered so that the dimer forms over the appropriate binding surface. Here, we develop and test a protocol in the Rosetta molecular modeling program for designing linkers for Z-lock. We show that the protocol can predict the most effective linker sets for three different light-sensitive switches, including a newly designed switch that binds the Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 on stimulation with blue light. This protocol represents a generalized computational approach to placing a wide variety of proteins under optogenetic control with Z-lock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Teets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang XF, Ajeti V, Tsai N, Fereydooni A, Burns W, Murrell M, De La Cruz EM, Forscher P. Regulation of axon growth by myosin II-dependent mechanocatalysis of cofilin activity. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2329-2349. [PMID: 31123185 PMCID: PMC6605792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergism between myosin II contractility and cofilin activity modulates serotonin-dependent axon growth. Normally, cofilin-dependent decreases in actin density are compensated by increases in point contact density and traction force; however, myosin hyperactivation leads to catastrophic decreases in actin network density and neurite retraction. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to increase the rate of growth cone advance via cofilin-dependent increases in retrograde actin network flow and nonmuscle myosin II activity. We report that myosin II activity is regulated by PKC during 5-HT responses and that PKC activity is necessary for increases in traction force normally associated with these growth responses. 5-HT simultaneously induces cofilin-dependent decreases in actin network density and PKC-dependent increases in point contact density. These reciprocal effects facilitate increases in traction force production in domains exhibiting decreased actin network density. Interestingly, when PKC activity was up-regulated, 5-HT treatments resulted in myosin II hyperactivation accompanied by catastrophic cofilin-dependent decreases in actin filament density, sudden decreases in traction force, and neurite retraction. These results reveal a synergistic relationship between cofilin and myosin II that is spatiotemporally regulated in the growth cone via mechanocatalytic effects to modulate neurite growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicole Tsai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, CA
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - William Burns
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul Forscher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singla B, Lin HP, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, Csányi G. PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:111-121. [PMID: 30261270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent endocytic mechanism mediating internalization of extracellular fluid and associated solutes into cells. The present study was designed to identify the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and downstream effectors regulating actin dynamics during macropinocytosis. We utilized various cellular and molecular biology techniques, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to study the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in macrophages. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the predominant PKC isoform in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phorbol ester and HGF stimulate activation of slingshot phosphatase homolog 1 (SSH1) and induce cofilin Ser-3 dephosphorylation via PKCδ in macrophages. Silencing of SSH1 inhibited cofilin dephosphorylation and macropinocytosis stimulation. Interestingly, we also found that incubation of macrophages with BMS-5, a potent inhibitor of LIM kinase, does not stimulate macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which PKCδ via activation of SSH1 and cofilin dephosphorylation stimulates membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytosis. The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms during macrophage macropinocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The actin remodeling protein cofilin is crucial for thymic αβ but not γδ T-cell development. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005380. [PMID: 29985916 PMCID: PMC6053251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin is an essential actin remodeling protein promoting depolymerization and severing of actin filaments. To address the relevance of cofilin for the development and function of T cells in vivo, we generated knock-in mice in which T-cell-specific nonfunctional (nf) cofilin was expressed instead of wild-type (WT) cofilin. Nf cofilin mice lacked peripheral αβ T cells and showed a severe thymus atrophy. This was caused by an early developmental arrest of thymocytes at the double negative (DN) stage. Importantly, even though DN thymocytes expressed the TCRβ chain intracellularly, they completely lacked TCRβ surface expression. In contrast, nf cofilin mice possessed normal numbers of γδ T cells. Their functionality was confirmed in the γδ T-cell-driven, imiquimod (IMQ)-induced, psoriasis-like murine model. Overall, this study not only highlights the importance of cofilin for early αβ T-cell development but also shows for the first time that an actin-binding protein is differentially involved in αβ versus γδ T-cell development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Navarro-Triviño FJ, Gil-Montoya JA. An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 25:949-971. [PMID: 29878474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3-binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baranov MV, Revelo NH, Verboogen DRJ, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. SWAP70 is a universal GEF-like adaptor for tethering actin to phagosomes. Small GTPases 2018; 10:311-323. [PMID: 28489960 PMCID: PMC6548301 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1328302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a key role for SWAP70 as the tethering factor stabilizing F-actin filaments on the surface of phagosomes in human dendritic cells by interacting both with Rho-family GTPases and the lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this role of SWAP70 was general among immune phagocytes. Our data reveal that SWAP70 is recruited to early phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells from both human and mouse. The putative inhibitor of SWAP70 sanguinarine blocked phagocytosis and F-actin polymerization, supporting a key role for SWAP70 in phagocytosis as demonstrated previously with knock-down. Moreover, SWAP70 was recently shown to sequester the F-actin severing protein cofilin and we investigated this relationship in phagocytosis. Our data show an increased activation of cellular cofilin upon siRNA knockdown of SWAP70. Finally, we explored whether SWAP70 would be recruited to the immune synapse between dendritic cells and T cells required for antigen presentation, as the formation of such synapses depends on F-actin. However, we observed that SWAP70 was depleted at immune synapses and specifically was recruited to phagosomes. Our data support an essential and specific role for SWAP70 in tethering and stabilizing F-actin to the phagosomal surface in a wide range of phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim V Baranov
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle R J Verboogen
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- a Department of Tumor Immunology , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hopyan S. Biophysical regulation of early limb bud morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2017; 429:429-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Yu L, Ye J, Liu Q, Feng J, Gu X, Sun Q, Lu G. c‑Maf inducing protein inhibits cofilin‑1 activity and alters podocyte cytoskeleton organization. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4955-4963. [PMID: 28791377 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also termed podocytes, are key in maintaining the normal renal filtration barrier. Although it has been demonstrated that stimulation of c‑Maf inducing protein (CMIP) expression is involved in podocyte damage, the molecular events during this process remain unclear. In the current study, CMIP‑induced proximal signaling was investigated by focusing on its effect on cofilin‑1 activity in puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)‑damaged podocytes. An obvious elevation of CMIP expression and phosphorylated (p) cofilin‑1 levels was detected in cultured podocytes treated with PA and in glomeruli isolated from PA‑induced nephropathy rats. Stable knockdown of CMIP prevented upregulation of p‑cofilin‑1 and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in PA‑treated podocytes. The activity of the Src family kinase Fyn was reduced, whereas small GTPase Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) activity was increased in PA‑treated podocytes. Stimulation of CMIP expression inhibited Fyn activation and decreased the expression level of p‑p190RhoGAP, a negative regulator of RhoA activity. The level of p‑LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a downstream effector of RhoA, increased significantly in PA‑treated podocytes. Notably, the applications of RhoA inhibitor or knockdown of LIMK prevented increase of the p‑cofilin‑1 level in PA‑treated podocytes. Thus, the current data provided evidence that the CMIP/Fyn/RhoA/cofilin‑1 signaling pathway may be associated with actin disorganization and podocyte foot process spreading following podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Drebrin is a family of actin-binding proteins with two known members called drebrin A and E. Apart from the ability to stabilize F-actin microfilaments via their actin-binding domains near the N-terminus, drebrin also regulates multiple cellular functions due to its unique ability to recruit multiple binding partners to a specific cellular domain, such as the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Recent studies have illustrated the role of drebrin E in the testis during spermatogenesis in particular via its ability to recruit branched actin polymerization protein known as actin-related protein 3 (Arp3), illustrating its involvement in modifying the organization of actin microfilaments at the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) which includes the testis-specific anchoring junction at the Sertoli-spermatid (apical ES) interface and at the Sertoli cell-cell (basal ES) interface. These data are carefully evaluated in light of other recent findings herein regarding the role of drebrin in actin filament organization at the ES. We also provide the hypothetical model regarding its involvement in germ cell transport during the epithelial cycle in the seminiferous epithelium to support spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle W M Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim JI, Kwon J, Baek I, Na S. Steered molecular dynamics analysis of the role of cofilin in increasing the flexibility of actin filaments. Biophys Chem 2016; 218:27-35. [PMID: 27589672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin is one of the most essential regulatory proteins and participates in the process of disassembling actin filaments. Cofilin induces conformational changes to actin filaments, and both the bending and torsional rigidity of the filament. In this study, we investigate the effects of cofilin on the mechanical properties of actin filaments using computational methods. Three models defined by their number of bound cofilins are constructed using coarse-grained MARTINI force field, and they are then extended with steered molecular dynamics simulation. After obtaining the stress-strain curves of the models, we calculate their Young's moduli and other mechanical properties that have not yet been determined for actin filaments. We analyze the cause of the different behaviors of the three models based on their atomistic geometrical differences. Finally, it is demonstrated that cofilin binding causes changes in the distances, angles, and stabilities of the residues in actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchul Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiao G, Wang X, Wang J, Zu L, Cheng G, Hao M, Sun X, Xue Y, Lu J, Wang J. CXCL16/CXCR6 chemokine signaling mediates breast cancer progression by pERK1/2-dependent mechanisms. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14165-78. [PMID: 25909173 PMCID: PMC4546458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrate that CXCL6/CXCR6 chemokine axis induces prostate cancer progression by the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway; however, its role and mechanisms underlying invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer are yet to be elucidated. In this investigation, CXCR6 protein expression was examined using high-density tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Expression of CXCR6 shows a higher epithelial staining in breast cancer nest site and metastatic lymph node than the normal breast tissue, suggesting that CXCR6 may be involved in breast cancer (BC) development. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that overexpression of CXCR6 in BC cells has a marked effect on increasing cell migration, invasion and metastasis. In contrast, reduction of CXCR6 expression by shRNAs in these cells greatly reduce its invasion and metastasis ability. Mechanistic analyses show that CXCL16/CXCR6 chemokine axis is capable of modulating activation of RhoA through activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which then inhibits the activity of cofilin, thereby enhancing the stability of F-actin, responsible for invasiveness and metastasis of BC. Taken together, our data shows for the first time that the CXCR6 / ERK1/2/ RhoA / cofilin /F-actin pathway plays a central role in the development of BC. Targeting the signaling pathway may prove beneficial to prevent metastasis and provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Zu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangcun Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ojima K, Lin ZX, de Andrade IR, Costa ML, Mermelstein C. Distinctive Effects of Cytochalasin B in Chick Primary Myoblasts and Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154109. [PMID: 27119825 PMCID: PMC4847871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based structures play fundamental roles in cellular functions. However it remains controversial how cells cope with the absence of F-actin structures. This report focuses on short- and long-term effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on actin-complexes in fibroblasts and myoblasts. Thirty min of CB treatment dispersed subplasma actin cortices, lamellipodia, ruffled membranes, stress fibers and adhesion plaques into actin patches in fibroblasts and muscle cells. In contrast, 72 hrs CB treatment showed distinct morphological effects. Fibroblasts became giant multinucleated-finger shaped with 5 to 10 protrusions, 3-8 μm in width, and >200 μm in length. They lacked cortical actin, stress fibers, adhesion plaques and ruffled membranes but contained immense lamelliopodia with abnormal adhesion plaque protein complexes. Muscle cells transformed into multinucleated globular-shaped but contained normal I-Z-I and A-bands, indicating that CB did not interfere with the assembly of myofibrils. Within 30 min after CB removal, finger-shaped fibroblasts returned to their original shape and actin-containing structures rapidly reappeared, whereas muscle cells respond slowly to form elongated myotubes following CB washout. The capacity to grow, complete several nuclear cycles, assemble intermediate filaments and microtubules without a morphologically recognizable actin cytoskeleton raises interesting issues related to the role of the actin compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Animal Products Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0901, Japan
| | - Zhong-Xiang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Medical University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ivone Rosa de Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
| | - Manoel Luis Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–902, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim JI, Kwon J, Baek I, Park HS, Na S. Cofilin reduces the mechanical properties of actin filaments: approach with coarse-grained methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8148-58. [PMID: 25727245 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An actin filament is an essential cytoskeleton protein in a cell. Various proteins bind to actin for cell functions such as migration, division, and shape control. ADF/cofilin is a protein that severs actin filaments and is related to their dynamics. Actin is known to have excellent mechanical properties. Binding cofilin reduces its mechanical properties, and is related to the severing process. In this research, we applied a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (CGMD) method to obtain actin filaments and cofilin-bound actin (cofilactin) filaments. Using these two obtained models, we constructed an elastic network model-based structure and conducted a normal mode analysis. Based on the low-frequency normal modes of the filament structure, we applied the continuum beam theory to calculate the mechanical properties of the actin and cofilactin filaments. The CGMD method provided structurally accurate actin and cofilactin filaments in relation to the mechanical properties, which showed good agreement with the established experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Actin, actin-related proteins and profilin in diatoms: A comparative genomic analysis. Mar Genomics 2015; 23:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
31
|
Zuo Z, Che X, Wang Y, Li B, Li J, Dai W, Lin CP, Huang C. High mobility group Box-1 inhibits cancer cell motility and metastasis by suppressing activation of transcription factor CREB and nWASP expression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7458-70. [PMID: 25277185 PMCID: PMC4202136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to metastasize is a hallmark of malignant tumors, and metastasis is the principal cause of death of cancer patients. The High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) is a multifunction protein that serves as both a chromatin protein and an extracellular signaling molecule. Our current study demonstrated a novel mechanism of HMGB1 in the regulation of cancer cell actin polymerization, cell skeleton formation, cancer cell motility and metastasis. We found that knockdown of HMGB1 in human lung cancer A549 cells significantly increased cell β-actin polymerization, cell skeleton formation, cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as metastasis in vivo. And this increase could be inhibited by treatment of HMGB1 knockdown cells with recombinant human HMGB1. Further studies discovered that HMGB1 suppressed phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and activation of CREB, by inhibiting nuclear translocation of PKA catalytic subunit. This reduces nWASP mRNA transcription and expression, further impairing cancer cell motility. Our findings on the novel mechanism underlying the HMGB1 anti-metastatic effect on cancer provides significant insight into the understanding of the nature of HMGB1 in cancer invasion and metastasis, further serving as key information for utilization of HMGB1 and its regulated downstream components as new targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Zuo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY. State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.+ Contributed equally to this work
| | - Xun Che
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Yulei Wang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
| | - Wei Dai
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
| | - Charles P Lin
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
SUMMARY Stimuli that promote cell migration, such as chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in metazoans and cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium, activate signaling pathways that control organization of the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. The Rho-family GTPases are a key convergence point of these pathways. Their effectors include actin regulators such as formins, members of the WASP/WAVE family and the Arp2/3 complex, and the myosin II motor protein. Pathways that link to the Rho GTPases include Ras GTPases, TorC2, and PI3K. Many of the molecules involved form gradients within cells, which define the front and rear of migrating cells, and are also established in related cellular behaviors such as neuronal growth cone extension and cytokinesis. The signaling molecules that regulate migration can be integrated to provide a model of network function. The network displays biochemical excitability seen as spontaneous waves of activation that propagate along the cell cortex. These events coordinate cell movement and can be biased by external cues to bring about directed migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zeng J, Tu WW, Lazar L, Chen DN, Zhao JS, Xu J. Hyperphosphorylation of microfilament-associated proteins is involved in microcystin-LR-induced toxicity in HL7702 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:981-988. [PMID: 24677693 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) has been regarded as a hepatotoxin, which can cause cytoskeletal reorganization, especially of the actin filaments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, whether MC-LR could induce microfilaments disruption was verified in the normal human liver cell line HL7702; and then the transcription, translation, and phosphorylation levels of major microfilament-associated proteins were measured; finally, the underlying mechanisms was investigated. After treatment with MC-LR, the actin filaments lost their characteristic filamentous organization in the cells, demonstrating increased actin depolymerization. The mRNA and protein levels of ezrin, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), actin-related protein2/3, and cofilin remained unchanged. However, the phosphorylation levels of ezrin and VASP were increased, when treated with 10 μM MC-LR. Moreover, P38 and ERK1/2 were involved in MC-LR-induced hyperphosphorylation of microfilament-associated proteins. In summary, this study demonstrates that MC-LR can cause disruption of actin filaments in HL7702 cells due to MC-LR-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and hyperphosphorylation of different types of microfilament-associated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lissy Lazar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dong-Ni Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin-Shun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Torres-Bacete J, Delgado-Martín C, Gómez-Moreira C, Simizu S, Rodríguez-Fernández JL. The Mammalian Sterile 20–like 1 Kinase Controls Selective CCR7-Dependent Functions in Human Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:973-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
35
|
Rangel LP, Costa DCF, Vieira TCRG, Silva JL. The aggregation of mutant p53 produces prion-like properties in cancer. Prion 2015; 8:75-84. [PMID: 24509441 PMCID: PMC7030899 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 loses its function in more than 50% of human malignant tumors. Recent studies have suggested that mutant p53 can form aggregates that are related to loss-of-function effects, negative dominance and gain-of-function effects and cancers with a worsened prognosis. In recent years, several degenerative diseases have been shown to have prion-like properties similar to mammalian prion proteins (PrPs). However, whereas prion diseases are rare, the incidence of these neurodegenerative pathologies is high. Malignant tumors involving mutated forms of the tumor suppressor p53 protein seem to have similar substrata. The aggregation of the entire p53 protein and three functional domains of p53 into amyloid oligomers and fibrils has been demonstrated. Amyloid aggregates of mutant p53 have been detected in breast cancer and malignant skin tumors. Most p53 mutations related to cancer development are found in the DNA-binding domain (p53C), which has been experimentally shown to form amyloid oligomers and fibrils. Several computation programs have corroborated the predicted propensity of p53C to form aggregates, and some of these programs suggest that p53C is more likely to form aggregates than the globular domain of PrP. Overall, studies imply that mutant p53 exerts a dominant-negative regulatory effect on wild-type (WT) p53 and exerts gain-of-function effects when co-aggregating with other proteins such as p63, p73 and acetyltransferase p300. We review here the prion-like behavior of oncogenic p53 mutants that provides an explanation for their dominant-negative and gain-of-function properties and for the high metastatic potential of cancers bearing p53 mutations. The inhibition of the aggregation of p53 into oligomeric and fibrillar amyloids appears to be a promising target for therapeutic intervention in malignant tumor diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Endocytosis, the process whereby the plasma membrane invaginates to form vesicles, is essential for bringing many substances into the cell and for membrane turnover. The mechanism driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves > 50 different protein components assembling at a single location on the plasma membrane in a temporally ordered and hierarchal pathway. These proteins perform precisely choreographed steps that promote receptor recognition and clustering, membrane remodeling, and force-generating actin-filament assembly and turnover to drive membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Many critical aspects of the CME mechanism are conserved from yeast to mammals and were first elucidated in yeast, demonstrating that it is a powerful system for studying endocytosis. In this review, we describe our current mechanistic understanding of each step in the process of yeast CME, and the essential roles played by actin polymerization at these sites, while providing a historical perspective of how the landscape has changed since the preceding version of the YeastBook was published 17 years ago (1997). Finally, we discuss the key unresolved issues and where future studies might be headed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Goode
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Julian A Eskin
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
| | - Beverly Wendland
- The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang HH, Lechuga TJ, Tith T, Wang W, Wing DA, Chen DB. S-nitrosylation of cofilin-1 mediates estradiol-17β-stimulated endothelial cytoskeleton remodeling. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:434-44. [PMID: 25635941 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation represents a major signaling pathway for the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens; however, the pathways after NO biosynthesis that estrogens use to function remain largely unknown. Covalent adduction of a NO moiety to cysteines, termed S-nitrosylation (SNO), has emerged as a key route for NO to directly regulate protein function. Cofilin-1 (CFL1) is a small actin-binding protein essential for actin dynamics and cytoskeleton remodeling. Despite being identified as a major SNO protein in endothelial cells, whether SNO regulates CFL-1 function is unknown. We hypothesized that estradiol-17β (E2β) stimulates SNO of CFL1 via eNOS-derived NO and that E2β-induced SNO-CFL1 mediates cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial cells. Point mutation studies determined Cys80 as the primary SNO site among the 4 cysteines (Cys39/80/139/147) in CFL1. Substitutions of Cys80 with Ala or Ser were used to prepare the SNO-mimetic/deficient (C80A/S) CFL1 mutants. Recombinant wild-type (wt) and mutant CFL1 proteins were prepared; their actin-severing activity was determined by real-time fluorescence imaging analysis. The activity of C80A CFL1 was enhanced to that of the constitutively active S3/A CFL1, whereas the other mutants had no effects. C80A/S mutations lowered Ser3 phosphorylation. Treatment with E2β increased filamentous (F)-actin and filopodium formation in endothelial cells, which were significantly reduced in cells overexpressing wt-CFL. Overexpression of C80A, but not C80S, CFL1 decreased basal F-actin and further suppressed E2β-induced F-actin and filopodium formation compared with wt-CFL1 overexpression. Thus, SNO(Cys80) of cofilin-1 via eNOS-derived NO provides a novel pathway for mediating estrogen-induced endothelial cell cytoskeleton remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-hai Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H-h.Z., T.J.L., T.T., W.W., D.A.W., D-b.C.) and Pathology (T.J.L., D-b.C.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang HH, Wang W, Feng L, Yang Y, Zheng J, Huang L, Chen DB. S-nitrosylation of Cofilin-1 Serves as a Novel Pathway for VEGF-Stimulated Endothelial Cell Migration. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:406-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-hai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Dong-bao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of California; Irvine California
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Directed cell migration requires a spatially polarized distribution of polymerized actin. We develop and treat a mechanical model of cell polarization based on polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments at the two ends of a cell, modulated by forces at either end that are coupled by the cell membrane. We solve this model using both a simulation approach that treats filament nucleation, polymerization, and depolymerization stochastically, and a rate-equation approach based on key properties such as the number of filaments N and the number of polymerized subunits F at either end of the cell. The rate-equation approach agrees closely with the stochastic approach at steady state and, when appropriately generalized, also predicts the dynamic behavior accurately. The calculated transitions from symmetric to polarized states show that polarization is enhanced by a high free-actin concentration, a large pointed-end off-rate, a small barbed-end off-rate, and a small spontaneous nucleation rate. The rate-equation approach allows us to perform a linear-stability analysis to pin down the key interactions that drive the polarization. The polarization is driven by a positive-feedback loop having two interactions. First, an increase in F at one side of the cell lengthens the filaments and thus reduces the decay rate of N (increasing N); second, increasing N enhances F because the force per growing filament tip is reduced. We find that the transitions induced by changing system properties result from supercritical pitchfork bifurcations. The filament lifetime depends strongly on the average filament length, and this effect is crucial for obtaining polarization correctly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1105, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
The autism and schizophrenia associated gene CYFIP1 is critical for the maintenance of dendritic complexity and the stabilization of mature spines. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e374. [PMID: 24667445 PMCID: PMC3966042 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) at the 15q11.2 region has been identified as a significant risk locus for neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the individual roles for genes at this locus in nervous system development, function and connectivity remain poorly understood. Haploinsufficiency of one gene in this region, Cyfip1, may provide a model for 15q11.2 CNV-associated neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Here we show that altering CYFIP1 expression levels in neurons both in vitro and in vivo influences dendritic complexity, spine morphology, spine actin dynamics and synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor lateral diffusion. CYFIP1 is highly enriched at synapses and its overexpression in vitro leads to increased dendritic complexity. Neurons derived from Cyfip1 heterozygous animals on the other hand, possess reduced dendritic complexity, increased mobile F-actin and enhanced GluA2-containing AMPA receptor mobility at synapses. Interestingly, Cyfip1 overexpression or haploinsufficiency increased immature spine number, whereas activity-dependent changes in spine volume were occluded in Cyfip1 haploinsufficient neurons. In vivo, Cyfip1 heterozygous animals exhibited deficits in dendritic complexity as well as an altered ratio of immature-to-mature spines in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In summary, we provide evidence that dysregulation of CYFIP1 expression levels leads to pathological changes in CNS maturation and neuronal connectivity, both of which may contribute to the development of the neurological symptoms seen in ASD and SCZ.
Collapse
|
41
|
Towards scarless wound healing: a comparison of protein expression between human, adult and foetal fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:676493. [PMID: 24605334 PMCID: PMC3925539 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins from human adult and foetal fibroblast cell lines were compared, focusing on those involved in wound healing. Proteins were separated through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Differences in protein spot intensity between the lineages were quantified through 3D gel scanning densitometry. Selected protein spots were excised, subjected to tryptic digests, prior to separation using HPLC with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, and identified. Protein maps representing the proteomes from adult and foetal fibroblasts showed similar distributions but revealed differences in expression levels. Heat shock cognate 71 kDA protein, Tubulin alpha-1A chain, actin cytoplasmic-1, and neuron cytoplasmic protein were all expressed in significantly higher concentrations by foetal fibroblasts, nearly double those observed for their adult counterparts. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, Cofilin-1, Peroxiredoxin-1, Lactotransferrin Galectin-1, Profilin-1, and Calreticulin were expressed at comparatively higher concentrations by the adult fibroblasts. Significant differences in the expression levels of some proteins in human adult and foetal fibroblasts correlated with known differences in wound healing behaviour. This data may assist in the development of technologies to promote scarless wound healing and better functional tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
|
42
|
Nasrallah A, Saykali B, Al Dimassi S, Khoury N, Hanna S, El-Sibai M. Effect of StarD13 on colorectal cancer proliferation, motility and invasion. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:505-15. [PMID: 24253896 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a cancer of the epithelial cells lining the colon. It is mainly divided into different stages according to the invasiveness and metastatic ability of the tumor. Many mutations are acquired which leads to the development of this malignancy. These occur in entities that greatly affect the cell cycle, cell signaling pathways and cell motility, which all involve the action of Rho GTPases. The protein of interest in the present study was DLC2, also known as StarD13 or START-GAP2, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rho and Cdc42. Literature data indicate that this protein is considered a tumor-suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous research in our laboratory confirmed StarD13 as a tumor suppressor in astrocytoma and in breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the role of StarD13 in colon cancer. When overexpressed, StarD13 was found to lead to a decrease in cell proliferation in colon cancer cells. Consistently, knockdown of StarD13 led to an increase in cell proliferation. This showed that, similarly to its role in astrocytoma and breast cancer, StarD13 appears to be a tumor suppressor in colon cancer as well. We also examined the role of StarD13 in cell motility. StarD13 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of 2D cell motility. This was due to the inhibition of Rho; consequently Rac-dependent focal complexes were not formed nor detached for the cells to move forward. However, StarD13 knockdown led to an increase in 3D cell motility. Although StarD13 was indeed a tumor suppressor in our colon cancer cells, as evidenced by its effect on cell proliferation, it was required for cancer cell invasion. The present study further describes the role of StarD13 as a tumor suppressor as well as a Rho GAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Nasrallah
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mittal N, Roberts K, Pal K, Bentolila LA, Fultz E, Minasyan A, Cahill C, Pradhan A, Conner D, DeFea K, Evans C, Walwyn W. Select G-protein-coupled receptors modulate agonist-induced signaling via a ROCK, LIMK, and β-arrestin 1 pathway. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1010-21. [PMID: 24239352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are typically present in a basal, inactive state but, when bound to an agonist, activate downstream signaling cascades. In studying arrestin regulation of opioid receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, we find that agonists of delta opioid receptors (δORs) activate cofilin through Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1) to regulate actin polymerization. This controls receptor function, as assessed by agonist-induced inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in DRGs. Agonists of opioid-receptor-like receptors (ORL1) similarly influence the function of this receptor through ROCK, LIMK, and β-arr1. Functional evidence of this cascade was demonstrated in vivo, where the behavioral effects of δOR or ORL1 agonists were enhanced in the absence of β-arr1 or prevented by inhibiting ROCK. This pathway allows δOR and ORL1 agonists to rapidly regulate receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Samstag Y, John I, Wabnitz GH. Cofilin: a redox sensitive mediator of actin dynamics during T-cell activation and migration. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:30-47. [PMID: 24117811 PMCID: PMC3884758 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that depolymerizes and/or severs actin filaments. This dual function of cofilin makes it one of the major regulators of actin dynamics important for T-cell activation and migration. The activity of cofilin is spatio-temporally regulated. Its main control mechanisms comprise a molecular toolbox of phospho-, phospholipid, and redox regulation. Phosphorylated cofilin is inactive and represents the dominant cofilin fraction in the cytoplasm of resting human T cells. A fraction of dephosphorylated cofilin is kept inactive at the plasma membrane by binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Costimulation via the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex (signal 1) together with accessory receptors (signal 2) or triggering through the chemokine SDF1α (stromal cell-derived factor 1α) induce Ras-dependent dephosphorylation of cofilin, which is important for immune synapse formation, T-cell activation, and T-cell migration. Recently, it became evident that cofilin is also highly sensitive for microenvironmental changes, particularly for alterations in the redox milieu. Cofilin is inactivated by oxidation, provoking T-cell hyporesponsiveness or necrotic-like programmed cell death. In contrast, in a reducing environment, even phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-bound cofilin becomes active, leading to actin dynamics in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. In addition to the well-established three signals for T-cell activation, this microenvironmental control of cofilin delivers a modulating signal for T-cell-dependent immune reactions. This fourth modulating signal highly impacts both initial T-cell activation and the effector phase of T-cell-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Samstag
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel John
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido H Wabnitz
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chacón-Martínez CA, Kiessling N, Winterhoff M, Faix J, Müller-Reichert T, Jessberger R. The switch-associated protein 70 (SWAP-70) bundles actin filaments and contributes to the regulation of F-actin dynamics. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28687-703. [PMID: 23921380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.461277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated assembly and disassembly of actin into filaments and higher order structures such as stress fibers and lamellipodia are fundamental for cell migration and adhesion. However, the precise spatiotemporal regulation of F-actin structures is not completely understood. SWAP-70, a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-interacting, F-actin-binding protein, participates in actin rearrangements through yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that SWAP-70 is an F-actin-bundling protein that oligomerizes through a Gln/Glu-rich stretch within a coiled-coil region. SWAP-70 bundles filaments in parallel and anti-parallel fashion through its C-terminal F-actin binding domain and delays dilution-induced F-actin depolymerization. We further demonstrate that SWAP-70 co-localizes and directly interacts with cofilin, an F-actin severing and depolymerization factor, and contributes to the regulation of cofilin activity in vivo. In line with these activities, upon stem cell factor stimulation, murine bone marrow-derived mast cells lacking SWAP-70 display aberrant regulation of F-actin and actin free barbed ends dynamics. Moreover, proper stem cell factor-dependent cofilin activation via dephosphorylation and subcellular redistribution into a detergent-resistant cytoskeletal compartment also require SWAP-70. Together, these findings reveal an important role of SWAP-70 in the dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of F-actin networks.
Collapse
|
46
|
Uenishi E, Shibasaki T, Takahashi H, Seki C, Hamaguchi H, Yasuda T, Tatebe M, Oiso Y, Takenawa T, Seino S. Actin dynamics regulated by the balance of neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and cofilin activities determines the biphasic response of glucose-induced insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25851-25864. [PMID: 23867458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.464420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin dynamics in pancreatic β-cells is involved in insulin secretion. However, the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of actin dynamics by intracellular signals in pancreatic β-cells and its role in phasic insulin secretion are largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate the regulation of actin dynamics by neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and cofilin in pancreatic β-cells and demonstrate its role in glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS). N-WASP, which promotes actin polymerization through activation of the actin nucleation factor Arp2/3 complex, was found to be activated by glucose stimulation in insulin-secreting clonal pancreatic β-cells (MIN6-K8 β-cells). Introduction of a dominant-negative mutant of N-WASP, which lacks G-actin and Arp2/3 complex-binding region VCA, into MIN6-K8 β-cells or knockdown of N-WASP suppressed GIIS, especially the second phase. We also found that cofilin, which severs F-actin in its dephosphorylated (active) form, is converted to the phosphorylated (inactive) form by glucose stimulation in MIN6-K8 β-cells, thereby promoting F-actin remodeling. In addition, the dominant-negative mutant of cofilin, which inhibits activation of endogenous cofilin, or knockdown of cofilin reduced the second phase of GIIS. However, the first phase of GIIS occurs in the G-actin predominant state, in which cofilin activity predominates over N-WASP activity. Thus, actin dynamics regulated by the balance of N-WASP and cofilin activities determines the biphasic response of GIIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eita Uenishi
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,; the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, and
| | | | | | - Chihiro Seki
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Takao Yasuda
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Masao Tatebe
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, and
| | - Tadaomi Takenawa
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, and; the Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017
| | - Susumu Seino
- From the Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,; the Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017,; Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine,; the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corp., Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Identification of dynamic changes in proteins associated with the cellular cytoskeleton after exposure to okadaic acid. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1763-82. [PMID: 23708184 PMCID: PMC3721204 DOI: 10.3390/md11061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of cells to the diarrhetic shellfish poison, okadaic acid, leads to a dramatic reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture and loss of cell-cell contact. When cells are exposed to high concentrations of okadaic acid (100–500 nM), the morphological rearrangement is followed by apoptotic cell death. Okadaic acid inhibits the broad acting Ser/Thr protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which results in hyperphosphorylation of a large number of proteins. Some of these hyperphosphorylated proteins are most likely key players in the reorganization of the cell morphology induced by okadaic acid. We wanted to identify these phosphoproteins and searched for them in the cellular lipid rafts, which have been found to contain proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. By using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture cells treated with okadaic acid (400 nM) could be combined with control cells before the isolation of lipid rafts. Protein phosphorylation events and translocations induced by okadaic acid were identified by mass spectrometry. Okadaic acid was shown to regulate the phosphorylation status and location of proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and cell adhesion structures. A large number of these okadaic acid-regulated proteins have previously also been shown to be similarly regulated prior to cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that okadaic acid activates general cell signaling pathways that induce breakdown of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and cell detachment.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hanna S, El-Sibai M. Signaling networks of Rho GTPases in cell motility. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1955-61. [PMID: 23669310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed an exponential increase in our knowledge of Rho GTPase signaling network which further highlighted the cross talk between these proteins and the complexity of their signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the upstream and downstream players from Rho GTPases that are mainly involved in actin polymerization leading to cell motility and potentially playing a role in cancer cell metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Hanna
- Department of Natural Science, The Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Maus M, Medgyesi D, Kiss E, Schneider AE, Enyedi A, Szilágyi N, Matkó J, Sármay G. B cell receptor-induced Ca2+ mobilization mediates F-actin rearrangements and is indispensable for adhesion and spreading of B lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:537-47. [PMID: 23362305 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0312169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells acquire membrane-bound cognate antigens from the surface of the APCs by forming an IS, similar to that seen in T cells. Recognition of membrane-bound antigens on the APCs initiates adhesion of B lymphocytes to the antigen-tethered surface, which is followed by the formation of radial lamellipodia-like structures, a process known as B cell spreading. The spreading response requires the rearrangement of the submembrane actin cytoskeleton and is regulated mainly via signals transmitted by the BCR. Here, we show that cytoplasmic calcium is a regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in B lymphocytes. We find that BCR-induced calcium mobilization is indispensible for adhesion and spreading of B cells and that PLCγ and CRAC-mediated calcium mobilization are critical regulators of these processes. Measuring calcium and actin dynamics in live cells, we found that a generation of actin-based membrane protrusion is strongly linked to the dynamics of a cytoplasmic-free calcium level. Finally, we demonstrate that PLCγ and CRAC channels regulate the activity of actin-severing protein cofilin, linking BCR-induced calcium signaling to the actin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máté Maus
- Eötvös Lóránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ali WH, Chen Q, Delgiorno KE, Su W, Hall JC, Hongu T, Tian H, Kanaho Y, Di Paolo G, Crawford HC, Frohman MA. Deficiencies of the lipid-signaling enzymes phospholipase D1 and D2 alter cytoskeletal organization, macrophage phagocytosis, and cytokine-stimulated neutrophil recruitment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55325. [PMID: 23383154 PMCID: PMC3557251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and phagocytosis ensue from extracellular-initiated signaling cascades that orchestrate dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The reorganization is mediated by effector proteins recruited to the site of activity by locally-generated lipid second messengers. Phosphatidic acid (PA), a membrane phospholipid generated by multiple enzyme families including Phospholipase D (PLD), has been proposed to function in this role. Here, we show that macrophages prepared from mice lacking either of the classical PLD isoforms PLD1 or PLD2, or wild-type macrophages whose PLD activity has been pharmacologically inhibited, display isoform-specific actin cytoskeleton abnormalities that likely underlie decreases observed in phagocytic capacity. Unexpectedly, PA continued to be detected on the phagosome in the absence of either isoform and even when all PLD activity was eliminated. However, a disorganized phagocytic cup was observed as visualized by imaging PA, F-actin, Rac1, an organizer of the F-actin network, and DOCK2, a Rac1 activator, suggesting that PLD-mediated PA production during phagocytosis is specifically critical for the integrity of the process. The abnormal F-actin reorganization additionally impacted neutrophil migration and extravasation from the vasculature into interstitial tissues. Although both PLD1 and PLD2 were important in these processes, we also observed isoform-specific functions. PLD1-driven processes in particular were observed to be critical in transmigration of macrophages exiting the vasculature during immune responses such as those seen in acute pancreatitis or irritant-induced skin vascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahida H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathleen E. Delgiorno
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Wenjuan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Huasong Tian
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Frohman
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|