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Bigham NP, Novorolsky RJ, Davis KR, Zou H, MacMillan SN, Stevenson MJ, Robertson GS, Wilson JJ. Supramolecular delivery of dinuclear ruthenium and osmium MCU inhibitors. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:5064-5079. [PMID: 39113903 PMCID: PMC11301636 DOI: 10.1039/d4qi01102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein known as the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates the influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the mitochondrial matrix. An overload of mitochondrial Ca2+ ( m Ca2+) is directly linked to damaging effects in pathological conditions. Therefore, inhibitors of the MCU are important chemical biology tools and therapeutic agents. Here, two new analogues of previously reported Ru- and Os-based MCU inhibitors Ru265 and Os245, of the general formula [(C10H15CO2)M(NH3)4(μ-N)M(NH3)4(O2CC10H15)](CF3SO3)3, where M = Ru (1) or Os (2), are reported. These analogues bear adamantane functional groups, which were installed to act as guests for the host molecule cucurbit-[7]-uril (CB[7]). These complexes were characterized and analyzed for their efficiency as guests for CB[7]. As shown through a variety of spectroscopic techniques, each adamantane ligand is encapsulated into one CB[7], affording a supramolecular complex of 1 : 2 stoichiometry. The biological effects of these compounds in the presence and absence of two equiv. CB[7] were assessed. Both complexes 1 and 2 exhibit enhanced cellular uptake compared to the parent compounds Ru265 and Os245, and their uptake is increased further in the presence of CB[7]. Compared to Ru265 and Os245, 1 and 2 are less potent as m Ca2+ uptake inhibitors in permeabilized cell models. However, in intact cell systems, 1 and 2 inhibit the MCU at concentrations as low as 1 μM, marking an advantage over Ru265 and Os245 which require an order of magnitude higher doses for similar biological effects. The presence of CB[7] did not affect the inhibitory properties of 1 and 2. Experiments in primary cortical neurons showed that 1 and 2 can elicit protective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation at lower doses than those required for Ru265 or Os245. At low concentrations, the protective effects of 1 were modulated by CB[7], suggesting that supramolecular complex formation can play a role in these biological conditions. The in vivo biocompatibility of 1 was investigated in mice. The intraperitoneal administration of these compounds and their CB[7] complexes led to time-dependent induction of seizures with no protective effects elicited by CB[7]. This work demonstrates the potential for supramolecular interactions in the development of MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University 6th Floor Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building Halifax B3H 4R2 Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Keana R Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco San Francisco CA 94117 USA
| | - Haipei Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Michael J Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco San Francisco CA 94117 USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University 6th Floor Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building Halifax B3H 4R2 Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research Institute Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University Halifax NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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Perez AS, Inada NM, Mezzacappo NF, Vollet-Filho JD, Bagnato VS. Microwave radiation and thermal effects on the bioenergetics of isolated mitochondria. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1093-1103. [PMID: 38843455 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2348073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study proposes to investigate the effects of microwave radiation and its thermal effects, compared to thermal effects alone, on the bioenergetics of mitochondria isolated from mouse liver. METHODS The main parameters investigated in this study are mitochondrial respiration (coupled states: S3 and S4; uncoupled state), using a high-resolution respirometer, and swelling, using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS Mitochondria irradiated at 2.45 GHz microwave with doses 0.085, 0.113 and 0.141 kJ/g, presented a decrease in S3 and uncoupled state, but an increase in S4. Conversely, mitochondria thermally treated at 40, 44 and 50 °C presented an increasing in S3 and S4, while uncoupled state was unaltered. Mitochondrial swelling increases as a function of the dose or temperature, indicating membrane damages in both cases. CONCLUSION Microwave radiation and thermal effect alone indicated different bioenergetics mitochondria response. These results imply that the effects due to microwave in medical treatment are not exclusively due to the increase in temperature, but a combination of electromagnetic and thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Perez
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Inada
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Jose D Vollet-Filho
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Woods JJ, Novorolsky RJ, Bigham NP, Robertson GS, Wilson JJ. Dinuclear nitrido-bridged osmium complexes inhibit the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and protect cortical neurons against lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:84-93. [PMID: 36685255 PMCID: PMC9811523 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00189f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is implicated in several pathophysiological conditions. Dinuclear ruthenium complexes are effective inhibitors of the MCU and have been leveraged as both tools to study mitochondrial calcium dynamics and potential therapeutic agents. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of Os245 ([Os2(μ-N)(NH3)8Cl2]3+) which is the osmium-containing analogue of our previously reported ruthenium-based inhibitor Ru265. This complex and its aqua-capped analogue Os245' ([Os2(μ-N)(NH3)8(OH2)2]5+) are both effective inhibitors of the MCU in permeabilized and intact cells. In comparison to the ruthenium-based inhibitor Ru265 (k obs = 4.92 × 10-3 s-1), the axial ligand exchange kinetics of Os245 are two orders of magnitude slower (k obs = 1.63 × 10-5 s-1) at 37 °C. The MCU-inhibitory properties of Os245 and Os245' are different (Os245 IC50 for MCU inhibition = 103 nM; Os245' IC50 for MCU inhibition = 2.3 nM), indicating that the axial ligands play an important role in their interactions with this channel. We further show that inhibition of the MCU by these complexes protects primary cortical neurons against lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation. When administered in vivo to mice (10 mg kg-1), Os245 and Os245' induce seizure-like behaviors in a manner similar to the ruthenium-based inhibitors. However, the onset of these seizures is delayed, a possible consequence of the slower ligand substitution kinetics for these osmium complexes. These findings support previous studies that demonstrate inhibition of the MCU is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but also highlight the need for improved drug delivery strategies to mitigate the pro-convulsant effects of this class of complexes before they can be implemented as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, the slower ligand substitution kinetics of the osmium analogues may afford new strategies for the development and modification of this class of MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA,Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada
| | - Nicholas P. Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H 0A8Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Research InstituteHalifaxNS B3H0A8Canada
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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Zhang B, Ma X, Huang B, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Lv X, Zhang W, Li M, Wen J, Yin Y, Wang J, Yang W, Xu C. Transcriptomics of circulating neutrophils in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcemia. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959831. [PMID: 36176696 PMCID: PMC9514324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocalcemia is closely associated with inflammatory diseases in dairy cows. Recent research has underscored the key role of calcium in the adaptations of the innate immune system during this period. The main objective in the present study was to compare the transcriptome profiles and analyze differences in the expression of neutrophil (PMNL) immune function-related genes and calcium binding-related genes in hypocalcemic cows. At 2 days postpartum, a concentration >2.10 mmol Ca2+/L was used to classify cows as controls (CON), and a concentration <2.00 mmol Ca2+/L used to classify cows as low-calcium (LCAL) (n = 8 in each group). A routine medical examination was conducted by the attending veterinarian to ensure there were no other complications and that the blood β-hydroxybutyrate was <1.2 mmol/L. Blood was collected from the tail vein (20 mL) to isolate PMNL, and 5 cows in each group were used for RNA sequencing and statistical analysis of gene expression differences. Transcriptome RNA-seq sequencing analysis was via omicsstudio using the R package edgeR. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used for bioinformatics. The remaining 3 cows in each group were used for validation of RNA sequencing data via quantitative PCR, which confirmed the observed responses. Compared with CON, 158 genes in LCAL were significantly up-regulated and 296 genes were down-regulated. The downregulation of Interleukin-12 (CXCL12), Tubulin beta chain (TUBB1), L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) indicated a decrease in immune function of PMNL in LCAL cows. The decreased expression of calcium-binding pathway-related genes in PMNL of LCAL cows indicated a decrease in immune function of PMNL likely related to calcium ions. For example, cartilage acid protein 1 (CRTAC1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 4 (CAMK4) were significantly reduced in LCAL cows. The upregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), Perforin 1 (PRF1), and Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (HIPK3) indicated that LCAL led to greater cell apoptosis and senescence. Overall, the analyses indicated that the reduction in PMNL immune function during hypocalcemia is associated with downregulation of intracellular Ca2+ related genes and upregulation of genes controlling apoptosis and senescence. Together, these alterations contribute to an immunosuppressive state during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Baoyin Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xinquan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianan Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chuang Xu
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5
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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Turner NL, Macrina T, Bae JA, Yang R, Wilson AM, Schneider-Mizell C, Lee K, Lu R, Wu J, Bodor AL, Bleckert AA, Brittain D, Froudarakis E, Dorkenwald S, Collman F, Kemnitz N, Ih D, Silversmith WM, Zung J, Zlateski A, Tartavull I, Yu SC, Popovych S, Mu S, Wong W, Jordan CS, Castro M, Buchanan J, Bumbarger DJ, Takeno M, Torres R, Mahalingam G, Elabbady L, Li Y, Cobos E, Zhou P, Suckow S, Becker L, Paninski L, Polleux F, Reimer J, Tolias AS, Reid RC, da Costa NM, Seung HS. Reconstruction of neocortex: Organelles, compartments, cells, circuits, and activity. Cell 2022; 185:1082-1100.e24. [PMID: 35216674 PMCID: PMC9337909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We assembled a semi-automated reconstruction of L2/3 mouse primary visual cortex from ∼250 × 140 × 90 μm3 of electron microscopic images, including pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and precursors, pericytes, vasculature, nuclei, mitochondria, and synapses. Visual responses of a subset of pyramidal cells are included. The data are publicly available, along with tools for programmatic and three-dimensional interactive access. Brief vignettes illustrate the breadth of potential applications relating structure to function in cortical circuits and neuronal cell biology. Mitochondria and synapse organization are characterized as a function of path length from the soma. Pyramidal connectivity motif frequencies are predicted accurately using a configuration model of random graphs. Pyramidal cells receiving more connections from nearby cells exhibit stronger and more reliable visual responses. Sample code shows data access and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Turner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Macrina
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - J Alexander Bae
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Runzhe Yang
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alyssa M Wilson
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Kisuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Brain & Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jingpeng Wu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Agnes L Bodor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Nico Kemnitz
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Dodam Ih
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Zung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aleksandar Zlateski
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ignacio Tartavull
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sergiy Popovych
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shang Mu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - William Wong
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chris S Jordan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Manuel Castro
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - JoAnn Buchanan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Marc Takeno
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Russel Torres
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Leila Elabbady
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erick Cobos
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shelby Suckow
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lynne Becker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science at Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - R Clay Reid
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - H Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Mitochondria regulate TRPV4-mediated release of ATP. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1017-1032. [PMID: 34605007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels triggers Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive internal store to generate repetitive oscillations. Although mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release, how TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals are regulated by mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release at IP3 receptors to being independent of Ca2+ influx and instead mediated by ATP release via pannexins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TRPV4-evoked Ca2+ signals were individually examined in hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using the indicator Cal520. KEY RESULTS TRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A (GSK) generated repetitive Ca2+ oscillations that required Ca2+ influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone, TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular, Ca2+ waves in the absence of external Ca2+ . The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not potentiate TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals. GSK-evoked Ca2+ waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, the PLC blocker U73122 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor blocker caffeine. The Ca2+ waves were also inhibited by the extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker probenecid. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signalling by facilitating ATP release. When mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4-mediated release of ATP via pannexin channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Serrat R, Covelo A, Kouskoff V, Delcasso S, Ruiz-Calvo A, Chenouard N, Stella C, Blancard C, Salin B, Julio-Kalajzić F, Cannich A, Massa F, Varilh M, Deforges S, Robin LM, De Stefani D, Busquets-Garcia A, Gambino F, Beyeler A, Pouvreau S, Marsicano G. Astroglial ER-mitochondria calcium transfer mediates endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic integration. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110133. [PMID: 34936875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling underlies the astroglial control of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) are key determinants of calcium dynamics, but their functional impact on astroglial regulation of brain information processing is unexplored. We found that the activation of astrocyte mitochondrial-associated type-1 cannabinoid (mtCB1) receptors determines MERC-dependent intracellular calcium signaling and synaptic integration. The stimulation of mtCB1 receptors promotes calcium transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria through a specific molecular cascade, involving the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Physiologically, mtCB1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake determines the dynamics of cytosolic calcium events in astrocytes upon endocannabinoid mobilization. Accordingly, electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices showed that conditional genetic exclusion of mtCB1 receptors or dominant-negative MCU expression in astrocytes blocks lateral synaptic potentiation, through which astrocytes integrate the activity of distant synapses. Altogether, these data reveal an endocannabinoid link between astroglial MERCs and the regulation of brain network functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; INRAE, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Covelo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vladimir Kouskoff
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastien Delcasso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Calvo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carol Stella
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Blancard
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benedicte Salin
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francisca Julio-Kalajzić
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Federico Massa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Severine Deforges
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurie M Robin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Gambino
- University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anna Beyeler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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9
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Mitochondrial dysfunction: A potential target for Alzheimer's disease intervention and treatment. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1991-2002. [PMID: 33962036 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder which manifests as a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the early stages of AD, and advances the progression of this age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it can be a potential target for interventions to treat AD. Several therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial dysfunction have gained significant attention in the preclinical stage, but the clinical trials performed to date have shown little progress. Thus, we discuss the mechanisms and strategies of different therapeutic agents for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We hope that this review will inspire and guide the development of efficient AD drugs in the future.
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10
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Rodrigues T, Ferraz LS. Therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial dynamics in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114282. [PMID: 33058754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past mitochondria were considered as the "powerhouse" of cell, since they generate more than 90% of ATP in aerobic conditions through the oxidative phosphorylation. However, based on the current knowledge, mitochondria play several other cellular functions, including participation in calcium homeostasis, generation of free radicals and oxidative species, triggering/regulation of apoptosis, among others. Additionally, previous discoveries recognized mitochondria as highly dynamic structures, which undergo morphological alterations resulting in long or short fragments inside the living cells. This highly regulated process was referred as mitochondrial dynamics and involves mitochondrial fusion and fission. Thus, the number of mitochondria and the morphology of mitochondrial networks depend on the mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy. In each cell, there is a delicate balance between fusion and fission to allow the maintenance of appropriate mitochondrial functions. It has been proposed that the fusion and fission dynamics process controls cell cycle, metabolism, and survival, being implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial fusion is mediated by dynamin-like proteins, including mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1). Conversely, mitochondrial fission results in a large number of small fragments, which is mediated mainly by dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Interestingly, there is growing evidence proposing that tumor cells modify the mitochondrial dynamics rheostat in order to gain proliferative and survival advantages. Increased mitochondrial fission has been reported in several types of human cancer cells (melanoma, ovarian, breast, lung, thyroid, glioblastoma, and others) and some studies have reported a possible direct correlation between increased mitochondrial fusion and chemoresistance of tumor cells. Here, the current knowledge about alterations of mitochondrial dynamics in cancer will be reviewed and its potential as a target for adjuvant cancer chemotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Silva Ferraz
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
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11
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Hausenloy DJ, Schulz R, Girao H, Kwak BR, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Bernardi P, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ion channels as targets for cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7102-7114. [PMID: 32490600 PMCID: PMC7339171 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) that often result remain the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic targets need to be discovered to protect the myocardium against acute ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size, preserve left ventricular function and prevent the onset of HF. Mitochondrial dysfunction during acute I/R injury is a critical determinant of cell death following AMI, and therefore, ion channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are known to influence cell death and survival, provide potential therapeutic targets for cardioprotection. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial ion channels, which are known to modulate susceptibility to acute myocardial I/R injury, and we explore their potential roles as therapeutic targets for reducing MI size and preventing HF following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Cardiovascular Research CenterCollege of Medical and Health SciencesAsia UniversityTaichung CityTaiwan
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of PhysiologyJustus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Henrique Girao
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB)University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of CoimbraCACCCoimbraPortugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- CNR Neuroscience InstitutePadovaItaly
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12
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Sisalli MJ, Feliciello A, Della Notte S, Di Martino R, Borzacchiello D, Annunziato L, Scorziello A. Nuclear-encoded NCX3 and AKAP121: Two novel modulators of mitochondrial calcium efflux in normoxic and hypoxic neurons. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102193. [PMID: 32193001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles extremely important for cell survival. Their structure resembles that of prokaryotic cells since they are composed with two membranes, the inner (IMM) and the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) delimitating the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix which contains mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This structure is strictly related to mitochondrial function since they produce the most of the cellular ATP through the oxidative phosphorylation which generate the electrochemical gradient at the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane an essential requirement for mitochondrial function. Cells of highly metabolic demand like those composing muscle, liver and brain, are particularly dependent on mitochondria for their activities. Mitochondria undergo to continual changes in morphology since, they fuse and divide, branch and fragment, swell and extend. Importantly, they move throughout the cell to deliver ATP and other metabolites where they are mostly required. Along with the capability to control energy metabolism, mitochondria play a critical role in the regulation of many physiological processes such as programmed cell death, autophagy, redox signalling, and stem cells reprogramming. All these phenomena are regulated by Ca2+ ions within this organelle. This review will discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial calcium cycling in physiological and pathological conditions with particular regard to their impact on mitochondrial dynamics and function during ischemia. Particular emphasis will be devoted to the role played by NCX3 and AKAP121 as new molecular targets for mitochondrial function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Josè Sisalli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Della Notte
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Di Martino
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
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13
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Czerniczyniec A, Karadayian AG, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Ketamine treatment affects hippocampal but not cortical mitochondrial function in prepubertal rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:175-187. [PMID: 32053738 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that ketamine triggered apoptosis in immature developing brain involving mitochondrial-mediated pathways. However, no data for ketamine effects on hippocampal and cortical mitochondrial function are available in prepubertal rats. Twenty-one-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats received ketamine (40 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days and were killed 24 hr after the last injection. Hippocampal mitochondria from ketamine-treated rats showed decreased malate-glutamate state 4 and 3 respiratory rates and an inhibition in complex I and IV activities. Hippocampal mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition induction were observed. This was not reflected in an increment of H2 O2 production probably due to increased Mn-SOD and catalase activities, 24 hr after treatment. Interestingly, increased H2 O2 production rates and cardiolipin oxidation were found in hippocampal mitochondria shortly after ketamine treatment (45 min). Unlike the hippocampus, ketamine did not affect mitochondrial parameters in the brain cortex, being the area less vulnerable to suffer ketamine-induced oxidative damage. Results provide evidences that exposure of prepubertal rats to ketamine leads to an induction of mitochondrial ROS generation at early stages of treatment that was normalized by the triggering of antioxidant systems. Although hippocampal mitochondria from prepubertal rats were capable of responding to the oxidative stress, they remain partially dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Czerniczyniec
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G Karadayian
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juanita Bustamante
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Bustamante J, Acosta L, Karadayian AG, Lores-Arnaiz S. Ketamine induced cell death can be mediated by voltage dependent calcium channels in PC12 cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Zheng L, Shu WJ, Li YM, Mari M, Yan C, Wang D, Yin ZH, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Okamoto K, Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ, Song Z, Du HN. The Paf1 complex transcriptionally regulates the mitochondrial-anchored protein Atg32 leading to activation of mitophagy. Autophagy 2019; 16:1366-1379. [PMID: 31525119 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1668228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a critical process that safeguards mitochondrial quality control in order to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. Although the mitochondrial-anchored receptor Atg32-mediated cargo-recognition system has been well characterized to be essential for this process, the signaling pathway modulating its expression as a contribution of governing the mitophagy process remains largely unknown. Here, bioinformatics analyses of epigenetic or transcriptional regulators modulating gene expression allow us to identify the Paf1 complex (the polymerase-associated factor 1 complex, Paf1C) as a transcriptional repressor of ATG genes. We show that Paf1C suppresses glucose starvation-induced autophagy, but does not affect nitrogen starvation- or rapamycin-induced autophagy. Moreover, we show that Paf1C specifically regulates mitophagy through modulating ATG32 expression. Deletion of the genes encoding two core subunits of Paf1C, Paf1 and Ctr9, increases ATG32 and ATG11 expression and facilitates mitophagy activity. Although Paf1C is required for many histone modifications and gene activation, we show that Paf1C regulates mitophagy independent of its positive regulatory role in other processes. More importantly, we also demonstrate the mitophagic role of PAF1C in mammals. Overall, we conclude that Paf1C maintains mitophagy at a low level through binding the promoter of the ATG32 gene in glucose-rich conditions. Dissociation of Paf1C from ATG32 leads to the increased expression of this gene, and mitophagy induction upon glucose starvation. Thus, we uncover a new role of Paf1C in modulating the mitophagy process at the transcriptional level. ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP5F1A: ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCCP: chlorophenylhydrazone; DFP: chelator deferiprone; GFP: green fluorescent protein; H2B-Ub1: H2B monoubiquitination; HSPD1/HSP60: heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1; KD: kinase dead; OPTN, optineurin; Paf1: polymerase-associated factor 1; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN/Parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative PCR; SD-N: synthetic dropout without nitrogen base; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; WT: wild-type; YPD: yeast extract peptone dextrose; YPL: yeast extract peptone lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangde Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Muriel Mari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chaojun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hong Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Koji Okamoto
- The Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ning Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
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16
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Zaidi A, Adewale M, McLean L, Ramlow P. The plasma membrane calcium pumps-The old and the new. Neurosci Lett 2019; 663:12-17. [PMID: 29452610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pumps play a critical role in the maintenance of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, crucial for optimal neuronal function and cell survival. Loss of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key precursor in neuronal dysfunction associated with brain aging and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we review evidence showing age-related changes in the PMCAs in synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) and lipid raft microdomains isolated from rat brain. Both PMCA activity and protein levels decline progressively with increasing age. However, the loss of activity is disproportionate to the reduction of protein levels suggesting the presence of dysfunctional PMCA molecules in aged brain. PMCA activity is also diminished in post-mortem human brain samples from Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients and in cell models of these neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental reduction of the PMCAs not only alter Ca2+ homeostasis but also have diverse effects on neurons such as reduced neuritic network, impaired release of neurotransmitter and increased susceptibility to stressful stimuli, particularly to agents that elevate intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i. Loss of PMCA is likely to contribute to neuronal dysfunction observed in the aging brain and in the development of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Therapeutic (pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological) approaches that can enhance PMCA activity and stabilize [Ca2+]i homeostasis may be capable of preventing, slowing, and/or reversing neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zaidi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
| | - Mercy Adewale
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Lauren McLean
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Paul Ramlow
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
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17
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Vercesi AE, Castilho RF, Kowaltowski AJ, de Oliveira HCF, de Souza-Pinto NC, Figueira TR, Busanello ENB. Mitochondrial calcium transport and the redox nature of the calcium-induced membrane permeability transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:1-24. [PMID: 30172747 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess a Ca2+ transport system composed of separate Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways. Intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations regulate oxidative phosphorylation, required for cell function and survival, and mitochondrial redox balance, that participates in a myriad of signaling and damaging pathways. The interaction between Ca2+ accumulation and redox imbalance regulates opening and closing of a highly regulated inner membrane pore, the membrane permeability transition pore (PTP). In this review, we discuss the regulation of the PTP by mitochondrial oxidants, reactive nitrogen species, and the interactions between these species and other PTP inducers. In addition, we discuss the involvement of mitochondrial redox imbalance and PTP in metabolic conditions such as atherogenesis, diabetes, obesity and in mtDNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal E Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena C F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadja C de Souza-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela N B Busanello
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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18
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Giorgi C, Marchi S, Pinton P. The machineries, regulation and cellular functions of mitochondrial calcium. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:713-730. [PMID: 30143745 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are some of the most versatile signalling molecules, and they have many physiological functions, prominently including muscle contraction, neuronal excitability, cell migration and cell growth. By sequestering and releasing Ca2+, mitochondria serve as important regulators of cellular Ca2+. Mitochondrial Ca2+ also has other important functions, such as regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, ATP production and cell death. In recent years, identification of the molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and efflux has expanded the number of (patho)physiological conditions that rely on mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, expanding the understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation and function in different cell types is an important task in biomedical research, which offers the possibility of targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ machinery for the treatment of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy.
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19
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Plattner H, Verkhratsky A. Inseparable tandem: evolution chooses ATP and Ca2+ to control life, death and cellular signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0419. [PMID: 27377729 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
From the very dawn of biological evolution, ATP was selected as a multipurpose energy-storing molecule. Metabolism of ATP required intracellular free Ca(2+) to be set at exceedingly low concentrations, which in turn provided the background for the role of Ca(2+) as a universal signalling molecule. The early-eukaryote life forms also evolved functional compartmentalization and vesicle trafficking, which used Ca(2+) as a universal signalling ion; similarly, Ca(2+) is needed for regulation of ciliary and flagellar beat, amoeboid movement, intracellular transport, as well as of numerous metabolic processes. Thus, during evolution, exploitation of atmospheric oxygen and increasingly efficient ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation by bacterial endosymbionts were a first step for the emergence of complex eukaryotic cells. Simultaneously, Ca(2+) started to be exploited for short-range signalling, despite restrictions by the preset phosphate-based energy metabolism, when both phosphates and Ca(2+) interfere with each other because of the low solubility of calcium phosphates. The need to keep cytosolic Ca(2+) low forced cells to restrict Ca(2+) signals in space and time and to develop energetically favourable Ca(2+) signalling and Ca(2+) microdomains. These steps in tandem dominated further evolution. The ATP molecule (often released by Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis) rapidly grew to be the universal chemical messenger for intercellular communication; ATP effects are mediated by an extended family of purinoceptors often linked to Ca(2+) signalling. Similar to atmospheric oxygen, Ca(2+) must have been reverted from a deleterious agent to a most useful (intra- and extracellular) signalling molecule. Invention of intracellular trafficking further increased the role for Ca(2+) homeostasis that became critical for regulation of cell survival and cell death. Several mutually interdependent effects of Ca(2+) and ATP have been exploited in evolution, thus turning an originally unholy alliance into a fascinating success story.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Plattner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
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Fedorovich SV, Waseem TV, Puchkova LV. Biogenetic and morphofunctional heterogeneity of mitochondria: the case of synaptic mitochondria. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:363-373. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe mitochondria of different cells are different in their morphological and biochemical properties. These organelles generate free radicals during activity, leading inevitably to mitochondrial DNA damage. It is not clear how this problem is addressed in long-lived cells, such as neurons. We propose the hypothesis that mitochondria within the same cell also differ in lifespan and ability to divide. According to our suggestion, cells have a pool of ‘stem’ mitochondria with low metabolic activity and a pool of ‘differentiated’ mitochondria with significantly shorter lifespans and high metabolic activity. We consider synaptic mitochondria as a possible example of ‘differentiated’ mitochondria. They are significantly smaller than mitochondria from the cell body, and they are different in key enzyme activity levels, proteome, and lipidome. Synaptic mitochondria are more sensitive to different damaging factors. It has been established that neurons have a sorting mechanism that sends mitochondria with high membrane potential to presynaptic endings. This review describes the properties of synaptic mitochondria and their role in the regulation of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Fedorovich
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, Akademicheskaya St., 27, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Tatyana V. Waseem
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ludmila V. Puchkova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St.Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St.Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Calcium Hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and brain aging: A framework for integrating new evidence into a comprehensive theory of pathogenesis. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:178-182.e17. [PMID: 28061328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article updates the Calcium Hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and brain aging on the basis of emerging evidence since 1994 (The present article, with the subtitle "New evidence for a central role of Ca2+ in neurodegeneration," includes three appendices that provide context and further explanations for the rationale for the revisions in the updated hypothesis-the three appendices are as follows: Appendix I "Emerging concepts on potential pathogenic roles of [Ca2+]," Appendix II "Future studies to validate the central role of dysregulated [Ca2+] in neurodegeneration," and Appendix III "Epilogue: towards a comprehensive hypothesis.") (Marx J. Fresh evidence points to an old suspect: calcium. Science 2007; 318:384-385). The aim is not only to re-evaluate the original key claims of the hypothesis with a critical eye but also to identify gaps in knowledge required to validate relevant claims and delineate additional studies and/or data that are needed. Some of the key challenges for this effort included examination of questions regarding (1) the temporal and spatial relationships of molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal calcium ion (Ca2+), (2) the role of changes in concentration of calcium ion [Ca2+] in various subcellular compartments of neurons, (3) how alterations in Ca2+ signaling affect the performance of neurons under various conditions, ranging from optimal functioning in a healthy state to conditions of decline and deterioration in performance during aging and in disease, and (4) new ideas about the contributions of aging, genetic, and environmental factors to the causal relationships between dysregulation of [Ca2+] and the functioning of neurons (see Appendices I and II). The updated Calcium Hypothesis also includes revised postulates that are intended to promote further crucial experiments to confirm or reject the various predictions of the hypothesis (see Appendix III).
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From Stores to Sinks: Structural Mechanisms of Cytosolic Calcium Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:215-251. [PMID: 29594864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells have adapted the use of the calcium ion (Ca2+) as a universal signaling element through the evolution of a toolkit of Ca2+ sensor, buffer and effector proteins. Among these toolkit components, integral and peripheral proteins decorate biomembranes and coordinate the movement of Ca2+ between compartments, sense these concentration changes and elicit physiological signals. These changes in compartmentalized Ca2+ levels are not mutually exclusive as signals propagate between compartments. For example, agonist induced surface receptor stimulation can lead to transient increases in cytosolic Ca2+ sourced from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores; the decrease in ER luminal Ca2+ can subsequently signal the opening surface channels which permit the movement of Ca2+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol. Remarkably, the minuscule compartments of mitochondria can function as significant cytosolic Ca2+ sinks by taking up Ca2+ in a coordinated manner. In non-excitable cells, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) on the ER respond to surface receptor stimulation; stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) sense the ER luminal Ca2+ depletion and activate surface Orai1 channels; surface Orai1 channels selectively permit the movement of Ca2+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol; uptake of Ca2+ into the matrix through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) further shapes the cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Recent structural elucidations of these key Ca2+ toolkit components have improved our understanding of how they function to orchestrate precise cytosolic Ca2+ levels for specific physiological responses. This chapter reviews the atomic-resolution structures of IP3R, STIM1, Orai1 and MCU elucidated by X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and NMR and discusses the mechanisms underlying their biological functions in their respective compartments within the cell.
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Lee SK, Shanmughapriya S, Mok MC, Dong Z, Tomar D, Carvalho E, Rajan S, Junop MS, Madesh M, Stathopulos PB. Structural Insights into Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Regulation by Divalent Cations. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1157-1169. [PMID: 27569754 PMCID: PMC5035232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) flux into the matrix is tightly controlled by the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) due to vital roles in cell death and bioenergetics. However, the precise atomic mechanisms of MCU regulation remain unclear. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the N-terminal matrix domain of human MCU, revealing a β-grasp-like fold with a cluster of negatively charged residues that interacts with divalent cations. Binding of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) destabilizes and shifts the self-association equilibrium of the domain toward monomer. Mutational disruption of the acidic face weakens oligomerization of the isolated matrix domain and full-length human protein similar to cation binding and markedly decreases MCU activity. Moreover, mitochondrial Mg(2+) loading or blockade of mitochondrial Ca(2+) extrusion suppresses MCU Ca(2+)-uptake rates. Collectively, our data reveal that the β-grasp-like matrix region harbors an MCU-regulating acidic patch that inhibits human MCU activity in response to Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Mac C.Y. Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Edmund Carvalho
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Murray S. Junop
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19140
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Milestones and recent discoveries on cell death mediated by mitochondria and their interactions with biologically active amines. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2313-26. [PMID: 27619911 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent cell "powerhouses," being involved in energy transduction from the electrochemical gradient to ATP synthesis. The morphology of their cell types may change, according to various metabolic processes or osmotic pressure. A new morphology of the inner membrane and mitochondrial cristae, significantly different from the previous one, has been proposed for the inner membrane and mitochondrial cristae, based on the technique of electron tomography. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport (the transporter has been isolated) generates reactive oxygen species and induces the mitochondrial permeability transition of both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, leading to induction of necrosis and apoptosis. In the mitochondria of several cell types (liver, kidney, and heart), mitochondrial oxidative stress is an essential step in the induction of cell death, although not in brain, in which the phenomenon is caused by a different mechanism. Mitochondrial permeability transition drives both apoptosis and necrosis, whereas mitochondrial outer membrane permeability is characteristic of apoptosis. Adenine nucleotide translocase remains the most important component involved in membrane permeability, with the opening of the transition pore, although other proteins, such as ATP synthase or phosphate carriers, have been proposed. Intrinsic cell death is triggered by the release from mitochondria of proteic factors, such as cytochrome c, apoptosis inducing factor, and Smac/DIABLO, with the activation of caspases upon mitochondrial permeability transition or mitochondrial outer membrane permeability induction. Mitochondrial permeability transition induces the permeability of the inner membrane in sites in contact with the outer membrane; mitochondrial outer membrane permeability forms channels on the outer membrane by means of various stimuli involving Bcl-2 family proteins. The biologically active amines, spermine, and agmatine, have specific functions on mitochondria which distinguish them from other amines. Enzymatic oxidative deamination of spermine by amine oxidases in tumor cells may produce reactive oxygen species, leading to transition pore opening and apoptosis. This process could be exploited as a new therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Sun W, Wang Z, Cao J, Cui H, Ma Z. Cold stress increases reactive oxygen species formation via TRPA1 activation in A549 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:367-72. [PMID: 26634370 PMCID: PMC4786528 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for lung damage during inhalation of cold air. However, the mechanism of the ROS production induced by cold stress in the lung is still unclear. In this work, we measured the changes of ROS and the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) in A549 cell. We observed that cold stress (from 20 to 5 °C) exposure of A549 cell resulted in an increase of ROS and [Ca(2+)]c, which was completely attenuated by removing Ca(2+) from medium. Further experiments showed that cold-sensing transient receptor potential subfamily member 1 (TRPA1) agonist (allyl isothiocyanate, AITC) increased the production of ROS and the level of [Ca(2+)]c in A549 cell. Moreover, HC-030031, a TRPA1 selective antagonist, significantly inhibited the enhanced ROS and [Ca(2+)]c induced by AITC or cold stimulation, respectively. Taken together, these data demonstrated that TRPA1 activation played an important role in the enhanced production of ROS induced by cold stress in A549 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
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Abstract
Са2+ is a very important and versatile intracellular signal which controls numerous biochemical and physiological (pathophysiological) processes in the cell. Good evidence exists that mitochondria are sensors, decoders and regulators of calcium signaling. Precise regulation of calcium signaling in the cell involves numerous molecular targets, which induce and decode changes of Са2+ concentrations in the cell (pumps, channels, Са2+-binding proteins, Са2+-dependent enzymes, localized in the cytoplasm and organelles). Mitochondrial Са2+ uniporter accumulates excess of Са2+ in mitochondria, while Na+/Са2+- and H+/Са2+-antiporters extrude Са2+ in the cytoplasm. Mitochondrial Са2+ overloading results in formation of mitochondria permeability transition pores which play an important role in cell death under many pathological conditions. Mitochondria regulate Са2+ homeostasis and control important cellular functions such as metabolism, proliferation, survival. Identification of cellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters and understanding their functional mechanisms open up new prospects for their using as therapeutic targets
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Affiliation(s)
- I.B. Zavodnik
- Yanka Kupala Grodno State University, Grodno, Belarus
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Efficient Mitochondrial Genome Editing by CRISPR/Cas9. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:305716. [PMID: 26448933 PMCID: PMC4581504 DOI: 10.1155/2015/305716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has been widely used for nuclear DNA editing to generate mutations or correct specific disease alleles. Despite its flexible application, it has not been determined if CRISPR/Cas9, originally identified as a bacterial defense system against virus, can be targeted to mitochondria for mtDNA editing. Here, we show that regular FLAG-Cas9 can localize to mitochondria to edit mitochondrial DNA with sgRNAs targeting specific loci of the mitochondrial genome. Expression of FLAG-Cas9 together with gRNA targeting Cox1 and Cox3 leads to cleavage of the specific mtDNA loci. In addition, we observed disruption of mitochondrial protein homeostasis following mtDNA truncation or cleavage by CRISPR/Cas9. To overcome nonspecific distribution of FLAG-Cas9, we also created a mitochondria-targeted Cas9 (mitoCas9). This new version of Cas9 localizes only to mitochondria; together with expression of gRNA targeting mtDNA, there is specific cleavage of mtDNA. MitoCas9-induced reduction of mtDNA and its transcription leads to mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and cell growth inhibition. This mitoCas9 could be applied to edit mtDNA together with gRNA expression vectors without affecting genomic DNA. In this brief study, we demonstrate that mtDNA editing is possible using CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, our development of mitoCas9 with specific localization to the mitochondria should facilitate its application for mitochondrial genome editing.
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Filadi R, Pozzan T. Generation and functions of second messengers microdomains. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:405-14. [PMID: 25861743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A compelling example of the mechanisms by which the cells can organize and decipher complex and different functional activities is the convergence of a multitude of stimuli into signalling cascades, involving only few intracellular second messengers. The possibility of restricting these signalling events in distinct microdomains allows a fine and selective tuning of very different tasks. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that control the formation and the spatial distribution of Ca(2+) and cAMP microdomains, providing some examples of their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova Section, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.
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Grancara S, Zonta F, Ohkubo S, Brunati AM, Agostinelli E, Toninello A. Pathophysiological implications of mitochondrial oxidative stress mediated by mitochondriotropic agents and polyamines: the role of tyrosine phosphorylation. Amino Acids 2015; 47:869-83. [PMID: 25792113 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, once merely considered as the "powerhouse" of cells, as they generate more than 90 % of cellular ATP, are now known to play a central role in many metabolic processes, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. More than 40 known human diseases are the result of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), bioenergetic collapse and dysregulated apoptosis. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in cells, due to the activity of the respiratory chain. In normal physiological conditions, ROS generation is limited by the anti-oxidant enzymatic systems in mitochondria. However, disregulation of the activity of these enzymes or interaction of respiratory complexes with mitochondriotropic agents may lead to a rise in ROS concentrations, resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induction and triggering of the apoptotic pathway. ROS concentration is also increased by the activity of amine oxidases located inside and outside mitochondria, with oxidation of biogenic amines and polyamines. However, it should also be recalled that, depending on its concentration, the polyamine spermine can also protect against stress caused by ROS scavenging. In higher organisms, cell signaling pathways are the main regulators in energy production, since they act at the level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and participate in the induction of the MPT. Thus, respiratory complexes, ATP synthase and transition pore components are the targets of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Increased ROS may also regulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by activating Src kinases or phosphatases, preventing or inducing a number of pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grancara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale U. Bassi 58B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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The impact of mitochondrial endosymbiosis on the evolution of calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kaufman RJ, Malhotra JD. Calcium trafficking integrates endoplasmic reticulum function with mitochondrial bioenergetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2233-9. [PMID: 24690484 PMCID: PMC4285153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis is central to all cellular functions and has been studied for decades. Calcium acts as a critical second messenger for both extracellular and intracellular signaling and is fundamental in cell life and death decisions (Berridge et al., 2000) [1]. The calcium gradient in the cell is coupled with an inherent ability of the divalent cation to reversibly bind multiple target biological molecules to generate an extremely versatile signaling system [2]. Calcium signals are used by the cell to control diverse processes such as development, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, metabolism, autophagy and cell death. "Cellular calcium overload" is detrimental to cellular health, resulting in massive activation of proteases and phospholipases leading to cell death (Pinton et al., 2008) [3]. Historically, cell death associated with calcium ion perturbations has been primarily recognized as necrosis. Recent evidence clearly associates changes in calcium ion concentrations with more sophisticated forms of cellular demise, including apoptosis (Kruman et al., 1998; Tombal et al., 1999; Lynch et al., 2000; Orrenius et al., 2003) [4-7]. Although the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the primary calcium store in the metazoan cell, dynamic calcium release to the cytosol, mitochondria, nuclei and other organelles orchestrate diverse coordinated responses. Most evidence supports that calcium transport from the ER to mitochondria plays a significant role in regulating cellular bioenergetics, production of reactive oxygen species, induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Recently, molecular identities that mediate calcium traffic between the ER and mitochondria have been discovered (Mallilankaraman et al., 2012a; Mallilankaraman et al., 2012b; Sancak et al., 2013)[8-10]. The next questions are how they are regulated for exquisite tight control of ER-mitochondrial calcium dynamics. This review attempts to summarize recent advances in the role of calcium in regulation of ER and mitochondrial function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Ashraf MI, Fries D, Streif W, Aigner F, Hengster P, Troppmair J, Hermann M. Biopsychronology: live confocal imaging of biopsies to assess organ function. Transpl Int 2014; 27:868-76. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory; Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Dietmar Fries
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Werner Streif
- Department of Pediatrics I; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Felix Aigner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory; Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Paul Hengster
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory; Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory; Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery; Center of Operative Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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Woo S, Lee A, Denis V, Chen CA, Yum S. Transcript response of soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) on exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:901-910. [PMID: 23832774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most persistent organic pollutants in worldwide aquatic environments. The extensive isolation of genes responsive to PAH pollution in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) is described herein. Soft coral colonies were exposed to 100 μg/L of a standard mixture of PAHs. Gene candidates with transcript levels that changed in response to PAH exposure were identified by differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR). There were 37 types of candidate genes identified, of which 20 were upregulated in expression and 17 were downregulated. The functions of the genes identified included oxidative stress response, ribosomal structure maintenance, molecular chaperone activity, protein kinase activation and tumorigenesis, defense mechanisms, transcription, and other biological responses. mRNA quantification was carried out using real-time quantitative PCR in eight selected genes: cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, protein disulfide isomerase, ribosomal protein L6, ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 4, peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) metallopeptidase protein, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4 gamma 3. Changes in transcript levels were consistent with DD-PCR results. The gene candidates isolated in this study were differentially expressed and therefore have potential as molecular biomarkers for understanding coral responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 656-830, Republic of Korea
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Marchi S, Patergnani S, Pinton P. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria connection: one touch, multiple functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:461-9. [PMID: 24211533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tubular organelles with a characteristic "network structure" that facilitates the formation of interorganellar connections. The ER and mitochondria join together at multiple contact sites to form specific domains, termed mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAMs), with distinct biochemical properties and a characteristic set of proteins. The functions of these two organelles are coordinated and executed at the ER-mitochondria interface, which provides a platform for the regulation of different processes. The roles played by the ER-mitochondria interface range from the coordination of calcium transfer to the regulation of mitochondrial fission and inflammasome formation as well as the provision of membranes for autophagy. The novel and unconventional processes that occur at the ER-mitochondria interface demonstrate its multifunctional and intrinsically dynamic nature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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35
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Figueira TR, Barros MH, Camargo AA, Castilho RF, Ferreira JCB, Kowaltowski AJ, Sluse FE, Souza-Pinto NC, Vercesi AE. Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: from molecular mechanisms to human health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2029-74. [PMID: 23244576 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrially generated reactive oxygen species are involved in a myriad of signaling and damaging pathways in different tissues. In addition, mitochondria are an important target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Here, we discuss basic mechanisms of mitochondrial oxidant generation and removal and the main factors affecting mitochondrial redox balance. We also discuss the interaction between mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and the involvement of these oxidants in mitochondrial diseases, cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Figueira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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36
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New insights in mitochondrial calcium handling by sodium/calcium exchanger. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 961:203-9. [PMID: 23224881 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are now recognized as one of the main intracellular calcium-storing organelles which play a key role in the intracellular calcium signalling. Indeed, besides performing oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are able to sense and shape calcium (Ca(2+)) transients, thus controlling cytosolic Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+)-dependent protein activity. It has been well established for many years that mitochondria have a huge capacity to accumulate calcium. While the physiological significance of this pathway was hotly debated until relatively recently, it is now clear that the ability of mitochondria in calcium handling is a ubiquitous phenomenon described in every cell system in which the issue has been addressed.In this chapter, we will review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium cycling in physiological conditions with particular regard to the role played by the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger.
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37
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Lee D, Michalak M. Calcium and bioenergetics: from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.685181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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38
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Raffaello A, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:16-21. [PMID: 22672876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake plays a fundamental role in the regulation of energy production and cell survival. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake occurs by a uniport mechanism driven electrophoretically by the membrane potential created by the respiratory chain. The activity and the biochemical properties of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) were extensively characterized for decades but the molecular identity of the channel has remained elusive. Here, we review the recent discovery of the mitochondria Ca(2+) uniporter that represents a groundbreaking result for the molecular understanding of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis and will provide insight into the role of mitochondrial Ca(2+) deregulation in the pathogenesis of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padua, Italy
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39
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Mitochondrial function and malfunction in the pathophysiology of pancreatitis. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:89-99. [PMID: 22653502 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a primary energy producer, mitochondria play a fundamental role in pancreatic exocrine physiology and pathology. The most frequent aetiology of acute pancreatitis is either gallstones or heavy alcohol consumption. Repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis can result in the development of chronic pancreatitis and increase the lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer 100-fold. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality with only about 3-4 % of patients surviving beyond 5 years. It has been shown that acute pancreatitis involves Ca²⁺ overload and overproduction of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic acinar cells. Both factors significantly affect mitochondria and lead to cell death. The pathogenesis of inflammation in acute and chronic pancreatitis is tightly linked to the induction of necrosis and apoptosis. There is currently no specific therapy for pancreatitis, but recent findings of an endogenous protective mechanism against Ca²⁺ overload--and particularly the potential to boost this protection--bring hope of new therapeutic approaches.
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40
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Carafoli E. The interplay of mitochondria with calcium: an historical appraisal. Cell Calcium 2012; 52:1-8. [PMID: 22591641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indirect findings in the 1950s had indicated that mitochondria could accumulate Ca(2+), but only in 1961 isolated mitochondria were directly shown to take it up in a process driven by the activity of the respiratory chain or by the hydrolysis of added ATP. The uptake of Ca(2+) could be accompanied by the simultaneous uptake of inorganic phosphate, leading to the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in the matrix and to the effective buffering of the free Ca(2+) concentration in it. The uptake of Ca(2+) occurred via an electrophoretic uniporter that has been molecularly identified only recently. Ca(2+) was then released through a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger that has also been identified very recently (a H(+)/Ca(2+) antiporter has also been described in some mitochondrial types). In the matrix two TCA cycle dehydrogenases and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase were found to be regulated by Ca(2+), providing a rationale for the Ca(2+) cycling process. The affinity of the uptake uniporter was found to be too low to efficiently regulate Ca(2+) in the low to mid nM concentration in the cytosol. However, a number of findings showed that energy linked transport of Ca(2+) did nevertheless occur in mitochondria in situ. The enigma was solved in the 1990s, when it was found that perimitochondrial Ca(2+) pools are created by the discharge of Ca(2+) from vicinal endoplasmic reticulum stores in which the concentration of Ca(2+) is high enough to satisfy the poor affinity of the uniporter. Thus, mitochondria have now regained a key role in the regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) (not only of their own internal Ca(2+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Carafoli
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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41
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Thapsigargin decreases the Na+- Ca2+ exchanger mediated Ca2+ entry in pig coronary artery smooth muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:730-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Bononi A, Missiroli S, Poletti F, Suski JM, Agnoletto C, Bonora M, De Marchi E, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Patergnani S, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Pinton P. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) as Hotspot Ca2+ Signaling Units. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:411-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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De Stefani D, Raffaello A, Teardo E, Szabò I, Rizzuto R. A forty-kilodalton protein of the inner membrane is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Nature 2011; 476:336-40. [PMID: 21685888 PMCID: PMC4141877 DOI: 10.1038/nature10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis has a key role in the regulation of aerobic metabolism and cell survival, but the molecular identity of the Ca(2+) channel, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, is still unknown. Here we have identified in silico a protein (named MCU) that shares tissue distribution with MICU1 (also known as CBARA1), a recently characterized uniporter regulator, is present in organisms in which mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake was demonstrated and whose sequence includes two transmembrane domains. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of MCU in HeLa cells markedly reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. MCU overexpression doubled the matrix Ca(2+) concentration increase evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-generating agonists, thus significantly buffering the cytosolic elevation. The purified MCU protein showed channel activity in planar lipid bilayers, with electrophysiological properties and inhibitor sensitivity of the uniporter. A mutant MCU, in which two negatively charged residues of the putative pore-forming region were replaced, had no channel activity and reduced agonist-dependent matrix Ca(2+) concentration transients when overexpressed in HeLa cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that the 40-kDa protein identified is the channel responsible for ruthenium-red-sensitive mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, thus providing a molecular basis for this process of utmost physiological and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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44
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Mammucari C, Patron M, Granatiero V, Rizzuto R. Molecules and roles of mitochondrial calcium signaling. Biofactors 2011; 37:219-27. [PMID: 21674643 DOI: 10.1002/biof.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is an important component of the calcium-mediated cellular response to extracellular stimuli. It controls key organelle functions, such as aerobic metabolism and the induction of apoptotic cell death, and shapes the spatiotemporal pattern of the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] increase. We here summarize both the main roles of Ca(2+) signals within mitochondria and the emerging molecular information that is starting to unravel the composition of the signaling apparatus and reveal potential pharmacological targets in this process of utmost pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mammucari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Neuroscience Institute of the National Research Council, Italy
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45
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Woo S, Jeon HY, Lee J, Song JI, Park HS, Yum S. Isolation of hyperthermal stress responsive genes in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum). Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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46
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Decuypere JP, Monaco G, Bultynck G, Missiaen L, De Smedt H, Parys JB. The IP(3) receptor-mitochondria connection in apoptosis and autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1003-13. [PMID: 21146562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amount of Ca(2+) taken up in the mitochondrial matrix is a crucial determinant of cell fate; it plays a decisive role in the choice of the cell between life and death. The Ca(2+) ions mainly originate from the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-sensitive Ca(2+) stores of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The uptake of these Ca(2+) ions in the mitochondria depends on the functional properties and the subcellular localization of the IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R) in discrete domains near the mitochondria. To allow for an efficient transfer of the Ca(2+) ions from the ER to the mitochondria, structural interactions between IP(3)Rs and mitochondria are needed. This review will focus on the key proteins involved in these interactions, how they are regulated, and what are their physiological roles in apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Decuypere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Dept. Molecular and Cellular, campus Gasthuisberg O/N1 K.U.Leuven, Bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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47
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Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, a new target for neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:140-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Abstract
Calcium is an extraordinarily versatile signaling ion, encoding cellular responses to a wide variety of external stimuli. In neurons, mitochondria can accumulate enormous amounts of calcium, with the consequence that mitochondrial calcium uptake, sequestration and release play pivotal roles in orchestrating calcium-dependent responses as diverse as gene transcription and cell death. In this review, we consider the basic chemistry of calcium as a 'sticky' cation, which leads to extremely high bound/free ratios, and discuss areas of current interest or controversy. Topics addressed include methodologies for measuring local intracellular calcium, mitochondrial calcium buffering and loading capacity, mitochondrially directed spatial calcium gradients, and the role of calcium overload-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in glutamate-evoked excitotoxic injury and neurodegeneration. Finally, we consider the relationship between delayed calcium de-regulation, the mitochondrial permeability transition and the generation of reactive oxygen species, and propose a unified view of the 'source specificity' and 'calcium overload' models of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent excitotoxicity. Non-NMDA receptor mechanisms of excitotoxicity are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B Pivovarova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4477, USA
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49
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O'Rourke B. From bioblasts to mitochondria: ever expanding roles of mitochondria in cell physiology. Front Physiol 2010; 1:7. [PMID: 21423350 PMCID: PMC3059936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2010.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Rourke
- Bernard Laboratory of Fundamental Research in Preventive Cardiology, Institute of Molecular Cardiobiology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA.
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50
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Carafoli E. The fateful encounter of mitochondria with calcium: how did it happen? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:595-606. [PMID: 20385096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of findings in the 1950s had offered indirect indications that mitochondria could accumulate Ca2+. In 1961, the phenomenon was directly demonstrated using isolated mitochondria: the uptake process was driven by respiratory chain activity or by the hydrolysis of added ATP. It could be accompanied by the simultaneous uptake of inorganic phosphate, in which case precipitates of hydroxyapatite were formed in the matrix, buffering its free Ca2+ concentration. The properties of the uptake process were established in the 1960s and 1970s: the uptake of Ca2+ occurred electrophoretically on a carrier that has not yet been molecularly identified, and was released from mitochondria via a Na+/Ca2+ antiporter. A H+/Ca2+ release exchanger was also found to operate in some mitochondrial types. The permeability transition pore was later also found to mediate the efflux of Ca2+ from mitochondria. In the mitochondrial matrix two TCA cycle dehydrogenases and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase were found to be regulated in the matrix by the cycling of Ca2+ across the inner membrane. In conditions of cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload mitochondria could store for a time large amounts of precipitated Ca2+-phosphate, thus permitting cells to survive situations of Ca2+ emergency. The uptake process was found to have very low affinity for Ca2+: since the bulk concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is in the low to mid-nM range, it became increasingly difficult to postulate a role of mitochondria in the regulation of cytoplsmic Ca2+. A number of findings had nevertheless shown that energy linked Ca2+ transport occurred efficiently in mitochondria of various tissues in situ. The paradox was only solved in the 1990s, when it was found that the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is not uniform: perimitochondrial micropools are created by the agonist-promoted discharge of Ca2+ from vicinal stores in which the concentration of Ca2+ is high enough to activate the low affinity mitochondrial uniporter. Mitochondria thus regained center stage as important regulators of cytoplasmic Ca2+ (not only of their own internal Ca2+). Their Ca2+ uptake systems was found to react very rapidly to cytoplasmic Ca2+ demands, even in the 150-200 msec time scale of processes like the contraction and relaxation of heart. An important recent development in the area of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport is its involvement in the disease process. Ca2+ signaling defects are now gaining increasing importance in the pathogenesis of diseases, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases. Since mitochondria have now regained a central role in the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+, dysfunctions of their Ca2+ controlling systems have expectedly been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Carafoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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