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Cha J, Tong X, Coate KC, Guo M, Liu JH, Reynolds G, Walker EM, Stein RA, Mchaourab H, Stein R. Defining unique structural features in the MAFA and MAFB transcription factors that control Insulin gene activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.23.554429. [PMID: 37662349 PMCID: PMC10473715 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
MAFA and MAFB are related basic-leucine-zipper domain containing transcription factors which have important overlapping and distinct regulatory roles in a variety of cellular contexts, including hormone production in pancreatic islet α and β cells. Here we first examined how mutating conserved MAF protein-DNA contacts obtained from X-ray crystal structure analysis impacted their DNA-binding and Insulin enhancer-driven activity. While most of these interactions were essential and their disruption severely compromised activity, we identified that regions outside of the contact areas also contributed to activity. AlphaFold 2, an artificial intelligence-based structural prediction program, was next used to determine if there were also differences in the three-dimensional organization of the non-DNA binding/dimerization sequences of MAFA and MAFB. This analysis was conducted on the wildtype (WT) proteins as well as the pathogenic MAFA Ser64Phe and MAFB Ser70Ala trans -activation domain mutants, with differences revealed between MAFA WT and MAFB WT as well as between MAFA Ser64Phe and MAFA WT , but not between MAFB Ser70Ala and MAFB WT . Moreover, dissimilarities between these proteins were also observed in their ability to cooperatively stimulate Insulin enhancer-driven activity in the presence of other islet-enriched transcription factors. Analysis of MAFA and MAFB chimeras disclosed that these properties were greatly influenced by unique C-terminal region structural differences predicted by AlphaFold 2. Importantly, these results have revealed features of these closely related proteins that are functionally significant in islet biology.
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Zhang Z, Jing D, Xuan B, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shao Z. Cellular senescence-driven transcriptional reprogramming of the MAFB/NOTCH3 axis activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes osteosarcoma progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:952-963. [PMID: 37692492 PMCID: PMC10491868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bones and primarily occurs in adolescents and young adults. However, a second smaller peak of osteosarcoma incidence was reported in the elderly aged more than 60. Elderly patients with osteosarcoma exhibit different characteristics compared to young patients, which usually results in a poor prognosis. The mechanism underlying osteosarcoma development in elderly patients is intriguing and of significant value in clinical applications. Senescent cells can accelerate tumor progression by metabolic reprogramming. Recent research has shown that methylmalonic acid (MMA) was significantly up-regulated in the serum of older individuals and played a central role in the development of aggressive characteristics. We found that the significant accumulation of MMA in elderly patients imparted proliferative potential to osteosarcoma cells. The expression of MAFB was excessively up-regulated in osteosarcoma specimens and was further enhanced in response to MMA accumulation as the patient aged. Specifically, we first confirmed a novel molecular mechanism between cellular senescence and cancer, in which the MMA-driven transcriptional reprogramming of the MAFB-NOTCH3 axis accelerated osteosarcoma progression via the activation of PI3K-AKT pathways. Moreover, the down-regulation of the MAFB-NOTCH3 axis increased the sensitivity and effect of AKT inhibitors in osteosarcoma through significant inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, we confirmed that MAFB is a novel age-dependent biomarker for osteosarcoma, and targeting the MAFB-NOTCH3 axis in combination with AKT inhibition can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for elderly patients with osteosarcoma in experimental and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Doudou Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Baijun Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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3
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Narayan G, Ronima K R, Agrawal A, Thummer RP. An Insight into Vital Genes Responsible for β-cell Formation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:1-27. [PMID: 37432546 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, when disturbed, will result in diabetes mellitus. Replacement of dysfunctional or lost β-cells with fully functional ones can tackle the problem of β-cell generation in diabetes mellitus. Various pancreatic-specific genes are expressed during different stages of development, which have essential roles in pancreatogenesis and β-cell formation. These factors play a critical role in cellular-based studies like transdifferentiation or de-differentiation of somatic cells to multipotent or pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into functional β-cells. This work gives an overview of crucial transcription factors expressed during various stages of pancreas development and their role in β-cell specification. In addition, it also provides a perspective on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ronima K R
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Akriti Agrawal
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Martens LD, Fischer DS, Yépez VA, Theis FJ, Gagneur J. Modeling fragment counts improves single-cell ATAC-seq analysis. Nat Methods 2024; 21:28-31. [PMID: 38049697 PMCID: PMC10776385 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell ATAC sequencing coverage in regulatory regions is typically binarized as an indicator of open chromatin. Here we show that binarization is an unnecessary step that neither improves goodness of fit, clustering, cell type identification nor batch integration. Fragment counts, but not read counts, should instead be modeled, which preserves quantitative regulatory information. These results have immediate implications for single-cell ATAC sequencing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Martens
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Association, Munich School for Data Science (MUDS), Munich, Germany
| | - David S Fischer
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Vicente A Yépez
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Association, Munich School for Data Science (MUDS), Munich, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Association, Munich School for Data Science (MUDS), Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Fujino M, Ojima M, Takahashi S. Exploring Large MAF Transcription Factors: Functions, Pathology, and Mouse Models with Point Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1883. [PMID: 37895232 PMCID: PMC10606904 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) transcription factors contain acidic, basic, and leucine zipper regions. Four types of MAF have been elucidated in mice and humans, namely c-MAF, MAFA, MAFB, and NRL. This review aimed to elaborate on the functions of MAF transcription factors that have been studied in vivo so far, as well as describe the pathology of human patients and corresponding mouse models with c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB point mutations. To identify the functions of MAF transcription factors in vivo, we generated genetically modified mice lacking c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB and analyzed their phenotypes. Further, in recent years, c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB have been identified as causative genes underpinning many rare diseases. Careful observation of human patients and animal models is important to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions for targeted therapies. Murine models exhibit phenotypes similar to those of human patients with c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB mutations. Therefore, generating these animal models emphasizes their usefulness for research uncovering the pathophysiology of point mutations in MAF transcription factors and the development of etiology-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fujino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.F.); (M.O.)
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.F.); (M.O.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.F.); (M.O.)
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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6
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Zeng S, Zhang X, Zhou F, Gillies MC, Zhu L. The Role of Nrf2/sMAF Signalling in Retina Ageing and Retinal Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1512. [PMID: 37371607 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and age-related macular disease, have become increasingly prominent as the population ages. Oxygen is essential for living organisms, but it may also cause disease when it is transformed into reactive oxygen species via biological processes in cells. Most of the production of ROS occurs in mitochondrial complexes I and III. The accumulation of ROS in cells causes oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in human ageing and many diseases. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key antioxidant transcription factor that plays a central role in many diseases and ageing in general. It regulates many downstream antioxidative enzymes when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. A basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, MAF, specifically the small MAF subfamily (sMAFs), forms heterodimers with Nrf2, which bind with Maf-recognition elements (MAREs) in response to oxidative stress. The role of this complex in the human retina remains unclear. This review summarises the current knowledge about Nrf2 and its downstream signalling, especially its cofactor-MAF, in ageing and diseases, with a focus on the retina. Since Nrf2 is the master regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, we hypothesise that targeting Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach for many age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Fujino M, Ojima M, Ishibashi S, Mizuno S, Takahashi S. Generation and mutational analysis of a transgenic murine model of the human MAF mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2023. [PMID: 37186330 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aymé-Gripp syndrome is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. The major clinical features of this syndrome include congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, and a distinctive flat facial appearance. MAF has been identified as a causative gene of the syndrome, and heterozygous variants owing to impairment in glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-mediated MAF phosphorylation shows related disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of these types of disorders in affected individuals remain poorly understood. To explore the underlying mechanisms and discover new phenotypes, a murine model with a Maf mutation on a GSK3 phosphorylation motif, p.Thr58Ile, was generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. This is a homologous mutation to that in human patients. Our murine model exhibited similar phenotypes to those in humans, such as lens abnormalities, short stature, growth retardation, and abnormal skull morphology. The murine model showed decreased brain volume and malocclusion. Considering the sequencing and genotyping data, our models were successfully generated for the first time (to the best of our knowledge). Therefore, this study offers new and unique functional insights into human and murine MAF and novel clinical values of MAF pathogenic variants associated with changes in the functions of several organs based on a viable murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fujino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Fujino M, Morito N, Hayashi T, Ojima M, Ishibashi S, Kuno A, Koshiba S, Yamagata K, Takahashi S. Transcription factor c-Maf deletion improves streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by directly regulating Sglt2 and Glut2. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163306. [PMID: 36787192 PMCID: PMC10070115 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Maf has been widely studied and has been reported to play a critical role in embryonic kidney development; however, the postnatal functions of c-Maf in adult kidneys remain unknown as c-Maf-null C57BL/6J mice exhibit embryonic lethality. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Maf in adult mouse kidneys by comparing the phenotypes of tamoxifen-inducible (TAM-inducible) c-Maf-knockout mice (c-Maffl/fl; CAG-Cre-ERTM mice named "c-MafΔTAM") with those of c-Maffl/fl control mice, 10 days after TAM injection [TAM(10d)]. In addition, we examined the effects of c-Maf deletion on diabetic conditions by injecting the mice with streptozotocin, 4 weeks before TAM injection. c-MafΔTAM mice displayed primary glycosuria caused by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (Sglt2) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) downregulation in the kidneys without diabetes, as well as morphological changes and life-threatening injuries in the kidneys on TAM(10d). Under diabetic conditions, c-Maf deletion promoted recovery from hyperglycemia and suppressed albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy by causing similar effects as did Sglt2 knockout and SGLT2 inhibitors. In addition to demonstrating the potentially unique gene regulation of c-Maf, these findings highlight the renoprotective effects of c-Maf deficiency under diabetic conditions and suggest that c-Maf could be a novel therapeutic target gene for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fujino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors
| | - Naoki Morito
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; and
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization and
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), and
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wang D, Li M, Ling J, Chen S, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Huang Y, Pan C, Lin Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Assessing the effects of aging on the liver endothelial cell landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0021. [PMID: 36724124 PMCID: PMC9894352 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) function declines with age and contributes to the development of many vascular-related disease processes. Currently, the effects of aging on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of liver ECs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptome of ECs and analyzed their relationship with aging. We identified 8 different EC subtypes, interestingly, 2 of which were specially expressed in aged mice ECs namely aged capillary ECs (Aged ECs) and pro-inflammation capillary ECs (Proinfla.ECs). Double immunostaining for an EC marker (Cd31) and a marker of these specialized EC phenotypes confirmed the single-cell RNA sequencing data. Gene ontology analysis revealed that Aged ECs and Proinfla.ECs were associated with inflammatory response. Then we found that liver proliferating capillary ECs (Prolife.ECs) were most affected by senescence. Single-cell transcript analysis suggests that Prolife.ECs and angiogenic capillary ECs may form a poor microenvironment that promotes angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Pseudo-temporal trajectories revealed that Prolife.ECs have different differentiation pathways in young and aged mice. In aged mice, Prolife.ECs could specifically differentiate into an unstable state, which was mainly composed of angiogenic capillary ECs. Intercellular communication revealed inflammatory activation in old group. Overall, this work compared the single-cell RNA profiles of liver ECs in young and aged mice. These findings provide a new insight into liver aging and its molecular mechanisms, and further exploration of Aged ECs and Proinfla.ECs may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with senescence.
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Wang Q, Qin T, Tan H, Ding X, Lin X, Li J, Lin Z, Sun L, Lin H, Chen W. Broadening the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MAF in three Chinese Han congenital cataracts families. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2888-2898. [PMID: 36097645 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue (MAF) encoding a transcription factor (from a unique subclass of basic leucine zipper transcription factors) are associated with isolated congenital cataracts (CCs) and Aymé-Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS). We collected detailed disease histories from, and performed comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examinations in 269 patients with CCs; we then performed whole-exome sequencing. Pathogenicity assessments were evaluated using multiple predictive tools. The clinical validities of the reported gene-disease relationships for MAF genes (MAF-CCs and MAF-AYGRPS) were assessed using the ClinGen gene curation framework. We identified two novel (c.173C>A, p.Thr58Asn and c.947T>C, p. Leu316Pro) variants and one known (c.173C>T, p.Thr58Ile) MAF missense variant in three patients. We described novel phenotypes including cleft palate, macular hypoplasia, and retinal neovascularization in the peripheral avascular area and analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlations. We demonstrated associations of variants in the MAF C-terminal DNA-binding domain with CCs and associations of variants in the N-terminal transactivation domain of MAF with AYGRPS. We thus expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the MAF gene. The ClinGen gene curation framework results suggested that variants in different domains of MAF are associated with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Jiang Q, Mao H, He G, Mao X. Targeting the oncogenic transcription factor c-Maf for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215791. [PMID: 35700821 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy derived from clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow and it may progress to the extramedullary region in late stage of the disease course. c-Maf, an oncogenic zipper leucine transcription factor, is overexpressed in more than 50% MM cell lines and primary species in association with chromosomal translocation, aberrant signaling transduction and modulation of stability. By triggering the transcription of critical genes including CCND2, ITGB7, CCR1, ARK5, c-Maf promotes MM progress, proliferation, survival and chemoresistance. Notably, c-Maf is usually expressed at the embryonic stage to promote cell differentiation but less expressed in healthy adult cells. c-Maf has long been proposed as a promising therapeutic target of MM and a panel of small molecule compounds have been identified to downregulate c-Maf and display potent anti-myeloma activities. In the current article, we take a concise summary on the advances in c-Maf biology, pathophysiology, and targeted drug discovery in the potential treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Guisong He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protein Modifications and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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12
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Du H, Yin Z, Zhao Y, Li H, Dai B, Fan J, He M, Nie X, Wang CY, Wang DW, Chen C. miR-320a induces pancreatic β cells dysfunction in diabetes by inhibiting MafF. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:444-457. [PMID: 34631276 PMCID: PMC8479292 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A variety of studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in diabetes. However, the direct role of miR-320a in the pathophysiology of pancreatic β cells under diabetes mellitus remains unclear. In the current study, islet transplantation and hyperglycemic clamp assays were performed in miR-320a transgenic mice to explore the effects of miR-320a on pancreatic β cells in vivo. Meanwhile, β cell-specific overexpression or inhibition of miR-320a was delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV8). In vitro, overexpression or downregulation of miR-320a was introduced in cultured rat islet tumor cells (INS1). RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-Seq), luciferase reporter assay, and western blotting were performed to identify the target genes. Results showed that miR-320a was increased in the pancreatic β cells from high-fat-diet (HFD)-treated mice. Overexpression of miR-320a could not only deteriorate the HFD-induced pancreatic islet dysfunction, but also initiate pancreatic islet dysfunction spontaneously in vivo. Meanwhile, miR-320a increased the ROS level, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis of cultured β cells in vitro. Finally, we identified that MafF was the target of miR-320a that responsible for the dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. Our data suggested that miR-320a could damage the pancreatic β cells directly and might be a potential therapeutic target of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Du
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Beibei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengying He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
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13
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Saiga H, Ueno M, Tanaka T, Kaisho T, Hoshino K. Transcription factor MafB-mediated inhibition of type I interferons in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int Immunol 2021; 34:159-172. [PMID: 34734243 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β), immunomodulatory cytokines secreted from activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), contribute to the innate defense against pathogenic infections and the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease psoriasis vulgaris. A previous study has shown that an E26 transformation-specific (Ets) family transcription factor Spi-B can transactivate the type I IFN promoter in synergy with IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-7 and is required for type I IFN production in pDCs. However, the mechanism of negative regulation of type I IFNs by pDCs remains unknown. In this study, we report that a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MafB) suppresses the induction of type I IFNs in pDCs. The elevated expression of MafB inhibited the transactivation of type I IFN genes in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, MafB interacted with the Ets domain of Spi-B and interfered with IRF-7-Spi-B complexation. Decreased MafB mRNA expression and degradation of MafB protein in the early phase of immune responses led to the enhancement of type I IFNs in pDCs. In vivo studies indicated that MafB is involved in resistance against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that MafB acts as a negative regulator of type I IFN induction in pDCs and plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Saiga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.,Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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14
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Ito A, Imamura F. Expression of Maf family proteins in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse olfactory bulb. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 82:77-87. [PMID: 34679244 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fate of neurons in the developing brain is largely determined by the combination of transcription factors they express. In particular, stem cells must follow different transcriptional cascades during differentiation in order to generate neurons with different neurotransmitter properties, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. In the mouse cerebral cortex, it has been shown that large Maf family proteins, MafA, MafB and c-Maf, regulate the development of specific types of GABAergic interneurons but are not expressed in glutamatergic neurons. In this study, we examined the expression of large Maf family proteins in the developing mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by immunohistochemistry and found that the cell populations expressing MafA and MafB are almost identical, and most of them express Tbr2. As Tbr2 is expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the OB, we further examined the expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal markers in MafA and MafB positive cells. The results showed that in the OB, MafA and MafB are expressed exclusively in glutamatergic neurons, but not in GABAergic neurons. We also found that few cells express c-Maf in the OB. These results indicate that, unlike the cerebral cortex, MafA and/or MafB may regulate the development of glutamatergic neurons in the developing OB. This study advances our knowledge about the development of glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb, and also might suggest that mechanisms for the generation of projection neurons and interneurons differ between the cortex and the olfactory bulb, even though they both develop from the telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
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16
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Chen Z, Lu T, Huang L, Wang Z, Yan Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Fan Z, Zhu P. circular RNA cia-MAF drives self-renewal and metastasis of liver tumor-initiating cells via transcription factor MAFF. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148020. [PMID: 34403373 DOI: 10.1172/jci148020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are involved in liver tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse, but the regulatory mechanisms of liver TICs are largely unknown. Here, we have identified a functional circular RNA, termed circRNA activating MAFF (cia-MAF), that is robustly expressed in liver cancer and liver TICs. cia-MAF knockout primary cells and cia-maf knockout liver tumors harbor decreased ratios of TICs, and display impaired liver tumorigenesis, self-renewal and metastatic capacities. In contrast, cia-MAF overexpression drives liver TIC propagation, self-renewal and metastasis. Mechanistically, cia-MAF binds to the MAFF promoter, recruits the TIP60 complex to the MAFF promoter, and finally promotes MAFF expression. Loss of cia-MAF function attenuates the combination between the TIP60 complex and the MAFF promoter. MAFF is highly expressed in liver tumors and liver TICs, and its antisense oligo (ASO) has therapeutic potential in treating liver cancer without MAFA/MAFG gene copy number alterations (CNAs). This study reveal an additional layer for liver TIC regulation as well as circRNA function, and also provide an additional target for eliminating liver TICs, especially for liver tumor without MAFA/MAFG gene CNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiankun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yubo Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Takahashi S. Functional analysis of large MAF transcription factors and elucidation of their relationships with human diseases. Exp Anim 2021; 70:264-271. [PMID: 33762508 PMCID: PMC8390310 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The large MAF transcription factor group is a group of transcription factors with an acidic region, a basic region, and a leucine zipper region. Four types of MAF, MAFA, MAFB, c-MAF, and NRL, have been identified in humans and mice. In order to elucidate the functions of the large MAF transcription factor group in vivo, our research group created genetically modified MAFA-, MAFB-, and c-MAF-deficient mice and analyzed their phenotypes. MAFA is expressed in pancreatic β cells and is essential for insulin transcription and secretion. MAFB is essential for the development of pancreatic endocrine cells, formation of inner ears, podocyte function in the kidneys, and functional differentiation of macrophages. c-MAF is essential for lens formation and osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, a single-base mutation in genes encoding the large MAF transcription factor group causes congenital renal disease, eye disease, bone disease, diabetes, and tumors in humans. This review describes the functions of large MAF transcription factors in vivo and their relationships with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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19
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Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030396. [PMID: 33494394 PMCID: PMC7865460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.
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20
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Responsive Expression of MafF to β-Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8861358. [PMID: 33488846 PMCID: PMC7787795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (sMaf) proteins MafF, MafG, and MafK are basic region leucine zipper- (bZIP-) type transcription factors and display tissue- or stimulus-specific expression patterns. As the oxidative stress reactive proteins, sMafs are implicated in various neurological disorders. In the present study, the expressions of sMafs were investigated across five databases gathering transcriptomic data from 74 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 66 controls in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of MafF was increased in the hippocampus of AD patients, which was negatively correlated with the expression of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). Furthermore, MafF was significantly increased in patients with Braak stage V-VI, compared to those with Braak stage III-IV. β-Amyloid (Aβ), a strong inducer of oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The responsive expressions of sMafs to Aβ-induced oxidative stress were studied in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, Aβ intrahippocampal injection rats, and several human cell lines from different tissue origins. This study revealed that only the induction of MafF was accompanied with reduction of GCLC and glutathione (GSH). MafF knockdown suppressed the increase of GSH induced by Aβ. Among sMafs, MafF is the most responsive to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and might potentiate the inhibition of antioxidation. These results provide a better understanding of sMaf modulation in AD and highlight MafF as a potential therapeutic target in AD.
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21
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Du YJ, Yu QQ, Zheng XF, Wang SP. LncRNA TUG1 positively regulates osteoclast differentiation by targeting v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:443-449. [PMID: 33146047 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1839891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation-mediates bone resorption is the key biological basis of orthodontic treatment while the specific mechanism of osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of the osteoclast differentiation from the perspective of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA). In the present study, the osteoclast differentiation of CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was induced by recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), and LncRNA TUG1 expression was dramatically elevated during this process. Functionally, the silence of TUG1 in CD14+ PBMCs decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell numbers and the protein levels of TRAP, nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1), and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), whereas increased V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MafB) protein level. The subsequent experiments confirmed that TUG1 lessened the MafB protein level via accelerating its degradation. Then, the interference of MafB reversed the inhibitory effect of si-TUG1 on osteoclastogenesis, including increased the TRAP-positive cell numbers and up-regulated the protein levels of osteoclast markers. Finally, the in vivo experiments displayed that the increased TUG1 levels could promote tooth movement and bone resorption via facilitating osteoclast differentiation in the rat model of orthodontic tooth movement. In summary, TUG1 overexpressed during the process of osteoclast differentiation and positively regulated osteoclast differentiation by targeting MafB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Ping Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Rondon-Galeano M, Skoczylas R, Bower NI, Simons C, Gordon E, Francois M, Koltowska K, Hogan BM. MAFB modulates the maturation of lymphatic vascular networks in mice. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1201-1216. [PMID: 32525258 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic vessels play key roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking and in diverse disease settings. Lymphangiogenesis requires lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation, proliferation, migration, and co-ordinated network formation, yet the transcriptional regulators underpinning these processes remain to be fully understood. The transcription factor MAFB was recently identified as essential for lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in cultured human LECs. MAFB is activated in response to VEGFC-VEGFR3 signaling and acts as a downstream effector. However, it remains unclear if the role of MAFB in lymphatic development is conserved in the mammalian embryo. RESULTS We generated a Mafb loss-of-function mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Mafb mutant mice presented with perinatal lethality associated with cyanosis. We identify a role for MAFB in modifying lymphatic network morphogenesis in the developing dermis, as well as developing and postnatal diaphragm. Furthermore, mutant vessels displayed excessive smooth muscle cell coverage, suggestive of a defect in the maturation of lymphatic networks. CONCLUSIONS This work confirms a conserved role for MAFB in murine lymphatics that is subtle and modulatory and may suggest redundancy in MAF family transcription factors during lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rondon-Galeano
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renae Skoczylas
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Gordon
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Shen S, Yang C, Liu X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Liu L, Ma J, Ma T, An P, Lin Y, Cai H, Wang D, Li Z, Zhao L, Xue Y. RBFOX1 Regulates the Permeability of the Blood-Tumor Barrier via the LINC00673/MAFF Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:138-152. [PMID: 32322670 PMCID: PMC7163051 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The blood-tumor barrier limits the delivery of therapeutic drugs to brain tumor tissues. Selectively opening the blood-tumor barrier is considered crucial for effective chemotherapy of glioma. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as crucial regulators in various biologic processes. This study found that RNA-binding Fox-1 homolog 1 (RBFOX1) was downregulated in glioma vascular endothelial cells derived from glioma tissues, and in glioma endothelial cells obtained by co-culturing endothelial cells with glioma cells. Overexpression of RBFOX1 impaired the integrity of the blood-tumor barrier and increased its permeability. Additionally, RBFOX1 overexpression decreased the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. Subsequent analysis of the mechanism indicated that the overexpression of RBFOX1 increased musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma protein basic leucine zipper [bZIP] transcription factor F (MAFF) expression by downregulating LINC00673, which stabilized MAFF messenger RNA (mRNA) through Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay. Moreover, MAFF could bind to the promoter region and inhibit the promoter activities of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5, which reduced its expression. The combination of RBFOX1 upregulation and LINC00673 downregulation promoted doxorubicin delivery across the blood-tumor barrier, resulting in apoptosis of glioma cells. In conclusion, this study indicated that overexpression of RBFOX1 increased blood-tumor barrier permeability through the LINC00673/MAFF pathway, which might provide a new useful target for future enhancement of blood-tumor barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lini Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
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24
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Fujino M, Tagami A, Ojima M, Mizuno S, Abdellatif AM, Kuno A, Takahashi S. c-MAF deletion in adult C57BL/6J mice induces cataract formation and abnormal differentiation of lens fiber cells. Exp Anim 2020; 69:242-249. [PMID: 31969519 PMCID: PMC7220708 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-MAF is a member of the large MAF family, members of which possess transactivation and bZIP domains. c-MAF plays an important role in lens formation, T-lymphocyte differentiation, hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and kidney development in mouse embryos. However, because homozygous deletion of c-Maf in C57BL/6J mice causes embryonic lethality, the functions of c-MAF in adult mice remain largely uninvestigated. To address this issue, we generated c-Maf floxed (c-Maffl/fl) C57BL/6J mice and established tamoxifen-inducible c-Maf knockout mice (c-Maffl/fl; CAG-Cre-ERTM mice, c-MafΔTAM). After tamoxifen injection, adult c-MafΔTAM mice showed successful deletion of c-Maf protein and developed severe cataracts; cataracts are also seen in human patients who have mutations in the c-MAF DNA binding domain. Furthermore, adult c-MafΔTAM mice exhibited abnormal lens structure and impaired differentiation of lens fiber cells. In summary, we established c-Maffl/fl and c-MafΔTAM C57BL/6J mice, which can be useful animal models for the investigation of c-MAF function in various developmental stages and can also be used as a disease model for cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Fujino
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Asuka Tagami
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ahmed M Abdellatif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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25
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Alkhunaizi E, Koenekoop RK, Saint-Martin C, Russell L. Maternally inherited MAF variant associated with variable expression of Aymé-Gripp syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2233-2236. [PMID: 31390148 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aymé-Gripp syndrome is an intellectual disability syndrome characterized by autism spectrum disorder, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, skeletal involvement, seizures, cardiac anomalies, and distinctive facial features. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in MAF. To date, less than 20 cases have been reported, the majority having de novo mutations. Here, we report a patient with classical features of Aymé-Gripp syndrome who inherited a MAF variant, c.206C>G (p.P69R), from a mother with normal intellectual function and normal hearing but with cataract and significant proteinuria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient who inherited a MAF causative variant from a parent with normal intellect. Although the syndrome typically has multiple malformations and intellectual disability, we suggest that a mild phenotype could exist. In addition, we suggest that the basal ganglia calcifications present in our proband could be a novel finding associated with MAF variants and offer further support for the relationship between these variants and late manifestations of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Alkhunaizi
- Department of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Radiology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Russell
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Saliba J, Coutaud B, Solovieva V, Lu F, Blank V. Regulation of CXCL1 chemokine and CSF3 cytokine levels in myometrial cells by the MAFF transcription factor. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2517-2525. [PMID: 30669188 PMCID: PMC6433675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play key roles in a variety of reproductive processes including normal parturition as well as preterm birth. Our previous data have shown that MAFF, a member of the MAF family of bZIP transcription factors, is rapidly induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines in PHM1‐31 myometrial cells. We performed loss‐of‐function studies in PHM1‐31 cells to identify MAFF dependent genes. We showed that knockdown of MAFF significantly decreased CXCL1 chemokine and CSF3 cytokine transcript and protein levels. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation analyzes, we confirmed CXCL1 and CSF3 genes as direct MAFF targets. We also demonstrated that MAFF function in PHM1‐31 myometrial cells is able to control cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in THP‐1 monocytic cells in a paracrine fashion. Our studies provide valuable insights into the MAFF dependent transcriptional network governing myometrial cell function. The data suggest a role of MAFF in parturition and/or infection‐induced preterm labour through modulation of inflammatory processes in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Saliba
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Baptiste Coutaud
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vera Solovieva
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fangshi Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Kim M, Wende H, Walcher J, Kühnemund J, Cheret C, Kempa S, McShane E, Selbach M, Lewin GR, Birchmeier C. Maf links Neuregulin1 signaling to cholesterol synthesis in myelinating Schwann cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:645-657. [PMID: 29748249 PMCID: PMC6004071 DOI: 10.1101/gad.310490.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kim et al. define a crucial role of the transcription factor Maf in myelination and cholesterol biosynthesis and show that Maf acts downstream from Neuregulin1 in myelinating Schwann cells. Cholesterol is a major constituent of myelin membranes, which insulate axons and allow saltatory conduction. Therefore, Schwann cells, the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system, need to produce large amounts of cholesterol. Here, we define a crucial role of the transcription factor Maf in myelination and cholesterol biosynthesis and show that Maf acts downstream from Neuregulin1 (Nrg1). Maf expression is induced when Schwann cells begin myelination. Genetic ablation of Maf resulted in hypomyelination that resembled mice with defective Nrg1 signaling. Importantly, loss of Maf or Nrg1 signaling resulted in a down-regulation of the cholesterol synthesis program, and Maf directly binds to enhancers of cholesterol synthesis genes. Furthermore, we identified the molecular mechanisms by which Nrg1 signaling regulates Maf levels. Transcription of Maf depends on calmodulin-dependent kinases downstream from Nrg1, whereas Nrg1–MAPK signaling stabilizes Maf protein. Our results delineate a novel signaling cascade regulating cholesterol synthesis in myelinating Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen Wende
- Department of Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Walcher
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kühnemund
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cyril Cheret
- Department of Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Department of Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik McShane
- Department of Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Department of Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Department of Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Department of Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell behavior during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28959057 PMCID: PMC5620061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediating the expansion of vascular beds in many physiological and pathological settings, angiogenesis requires dynamic changes in endothelial cell behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell activity during different phases of vascular growth, remodeling, maturation, and quiescence remain elusive. Here, we characterize dynamic gene expression changes during postnatal development and identify critical angiogenic factors in mouse retinal endothelial cells. Using actively translating transcriptome analysis and in silico computational analyses, we determine candidate regulators controlling endothelial cell behavior at different developmental stages. We further show that one of the identified candidates, the transcription factor MafB, controls endothelial sprouting in vitro and in vivo, and perform an integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data to define putative direct MafB targets, which are activated or repressed by the transcriptional regulator. Together, our results identify novel cell-autonomous regulatory mechanisms controlling sprouting angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a complex process that requires coordinated changes in endothelial cell behavior. Here the authors use Ribo-tag and RNA-Seq to determine temporal profiles of transcriptional activity during postnatal retinal angiogenesis, identifying transcriptional regulators of the process.
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30
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A Comprehensive Survey of the Roles of Highly Disordered Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102010. [PMID: 28934129 PMCID: PMC5666700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive disease that is strongly associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) related to either insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Among the various molecular events and players implicated in the manifestation and development of diabetes mellitus, proteins play several important roles. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database has information on 34 human proteins experimentally shown to be related to the T2DM pathogenesis. It is known that many proteins associated with different human maladies are intrinsically disordered as a whole, or contain intrinsically disordered regions. The presented study shows that T2DM is not an exception to this rule, and many proteins known to be associated with pathogenesis of this malady are intrinsically disordered. The multiparametric bioinformatics analysis utilizing several computational tools for the intrinsic disorder characterization revealed that IRS1, IRS2, IRS4, MAFA, PDX1, ADIPO, PIK3R2, PIK3R5, SoCS1, and SoCS3 are expected to be highly disordered, whereas VDCC, SoCS2, SoCS4, JNK9, PRKCZ, PRKCE, insulin, GCK, JNK8, JNK10, PYK, INSR, TNF-α, MAPK3, and Kir6.2 are classified as moderately disordered proteins, and GLUT2, GLUT4, mTOR, SUR1, MAPK1, IKKA, PRKCD, PIK3CB, and PIK3CA are predicted as mostly ordered. More focused computational analyses and intensive literature mining were conducted for a set of highly disordered proteins related to T2DM. The resulting work represents a comprehensive survey describing the major biological functions of these proteins and functional roles of their intrinsically disordered regions, which are frequently engaged in protein–protein interactions, and contain sites of various posttranslational modifications (PTMs). It is also shown that intrinsic disorder-associated PTMs may play important roles in controlling the functions of these proteins. Consideration of the T2DM proteins from the perspective of intrinsic disorder provides useful information that can potentially lead to future experimental studies that may uncover latent and novel pathways associated with the disease.
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31
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Li Y, Min D, Wang K, Yin S, Zheng H, Liu L. MicroRNA‑152 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by directly targeting MAFB in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:948-956. [PMID: 28000885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been reported to be involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis and development. The expression and functions of miR‑152 have previously been studied in several types of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effects of miR‑152 on NPC. The present study aimed to explore the expression, functions and molecular mechanisms of miR‑152 in NPC. The expression levels of miR‑152 were detected in NPC tissues and cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured by MTT, cell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Dual‑luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether V‑maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) was a direct target gene of miR‑152. qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of MAFB. In addition, functional assays were performed to explore the effects of endogenous MAFB on NPC. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑152 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR‑152 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Dual‑luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that MAFB was a direct target gene of miR‑152, and qPCR and western blotting indicated that miR‑152 negatively regulated MAFB expression at the mRNA and protein level. Knockdown of MAFB expression markedly suppressed NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These findings suggested that miR‑152 may target MAFB to regulate NPC initiation and progression; therefore, it may be investigated as a target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Beijing 200433, P.R. China
| | - Liangfa Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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32
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Yang Y, Cvekl A. Large Maf Transcription Factors: Cousins of AP-1 Proteins and Important Regulators of Cellular Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:2-11. [PMID: 18159220 DOI: 10.23861/ejbm20072347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A large number of mammalian transcription factors possess the evolutionary conserved basic and leucine zipper domain (bZIP). The basic domain interacts with DNA while the leucine zipper facilitates homo- and hetero-dimerization. These factors can be grouped into at least seven families: AP-1, ATF/CREB, CNC, C/EBP, Maf, PAR, and virus-encoded bZIPs. Here, we focus on a group of four large Maf proteins: MafA, MafB, c-Maf, and NRL. They act as key regulators of terminal differentiation in many tissues such as bone, brain, kidney, lens, pancreas, and retina, as well as in blood. The DNA-binding mechanism of large Mafs involves cooperation between the basic domain and an adjacent ancillary DNA-binding domain. Many genes regulated by Mafs during cellular differentiation use functional interactions between the Pax/Maf, Sox/Maf, and Ets/Maf promoter and enhancer modules. The prime examples are crystallin genes in lens and glucagon and insulin in pancreas. Novel roles for large Mafs emerged from studying generations of MafA and MafB knockouts and analysis of combined phenotypes in double or triple null mice. In addition, studies of this group of factors in invertebrates revealed the evolutionarily conserved function of these genes in the development of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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33
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El Khattabi I, Sharma A. Proper activation of MafA is required for optimal differentiation and maturation of pancreatic β-cells. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:821-31. [PMID: 26696512 PMCID: PMC4690007 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key therapeutic approach for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is transplantation of functional islet β-cells. Despite recent advances in generating stem cell-derived glucose-responsive insulin(+) cells, their further maturation to fully functional adult β-cells still remains a daunting task. Conquering this hurdle will require a better understanding of the mechanisms driving maturation of embryonic insulin(+) cells into adult β-cells, and the implementation of that knowledge to improve current differentiation protocols. Here, we will review our current understanding of β-cell maturation, and discuss the contribution of key β-cell transcription factor MafA, to this process. The fundamental importance of MafA in regulating adult β-cell maturation and function indicates that enhancing MafA expression may improve the generation of definitive β-cells for transplantation. Additionally, we suggest that the temporal control of MafA induction at a specific stage of β-cell differentiation will be the next critical challenge for achieving optimum maturation of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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Nomoto H, Kondo T, Miyoshi H, Nakamura A, Hida Y, Yamashita KI, Sharma AJ, Atsumi T. Inhibition of Small Maf Function in Pancreatic β-Cells Improves Glucose Tolerance Through the Enhancement of Insulin Gene Transcription and Insulin Secretion. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3570-80. [PMID: 25763640 PMCID: PMC4588816 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The large-Maf transcription factor v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA) has been found to be crucial for insulin transcription and synthesis and for pancreatic β-cell function and maturation. However, insights about the effects of small Maf factors on β-cells are limited. Our goal was to elucidate the function of small-Maf factors on β-cells using an animal model of endogenous small-Maf dysfunction. Transgenic (Tg) mice with β-cell-specific expression of dominant-negative MafK (DN-MafK) experiments, which can suppress the function of all endogenous small-Mafs, were fed a high-fat diet, and their in vivo phenotypes were evaluated. Phenotypic analysis, glucose tolerance tests, morphologic examination of β-cells, and islet experiments were performed. DN-MafK-expressed MIN6 cells were also used for in vitro analysis. The results showed that DN-MafK expression inhibited endogenous small-Maf binding to insulin promoter while increasing MafA binding. DN-MafK Tg mice under high-fat diet conditions showed improved glucose metabolism compared with control mice via incremental insulin secretion, without causing changes in insulin sensitivity or MafA expression. Moreover, up-regulation of insulin and glucokinase gene expression was observed both in vivo and in vitro under DN-MafK expression. We concluded that endogenous small-Maf factors negatively regulates β-cell function by competing for MafA binding, and thus, the inhibition of small-Maf activity can improve β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Takuma Kondo
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Yoko Hida
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Ken-ichiro Yamashita
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Arun J Sharma
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology (H.N., T.K., H.M., A.N., Y.H., T.A.), and Department of Transplant Surgery (K.Y.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 060-8638; Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology (A.J.S.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and MedImmune LLC (A.J.S.), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
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Lopez-Pajares V, Qu K, Zhang J, Webster DE, Barajas BC, Siprashvili Z, Zarnegar BJ, Boxer LD, Rios EJ, Tao S, Kretz M, Khavari PA. A LncRNA-MAF:MAFB transcription factor network regulates epidermal differentiation. Dev Cell 2015; 32:693-706. [PMID: 25805135 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor differentiation requires remodeling of genomic expression; however, in many tissues, such as epidermis, the spectrum of remodeled genes and the transcription factors (TFs) that control them are not fully defined. We performed kinetic transcriptome analysis during regeneration of differentiated epidermis and identified gene sets enriched in progenitors (594 genes), in early (159 genes), and in late differentiation (387 genes). Module mapping of 1,046 TFs identified MAF and MAFB as necessary and sufficient for progenitor differentiation. MAF:MAFB regulated 393 genes altered in this setting. Integrative analysis identified ANCR and TINCR lncRNAs as essential upstream MAF:MAFB regulators. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated MAF:MAFB binding to known epidermal differentiation TF genes whose expression they controlled, including GRHL3, ZNF750, KLF4, and PRDM1. Each of these TFs rescued expression of specific MAF:MAFB target gene subsets in the setting of MAF:MAFB loss, indicating they act downstream of MAF:MAFB. A lncRNA-TF network is thus essential for epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Qu
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dan E Webster
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brook C Barajas
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian J Zarnegar
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lisa D Boxer
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eon J Rios
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shiying Tao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Markus Kretz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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36
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Gasiorek JJ, Blank V. Regulation and function of the NFE2 transcription factor in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2323-35. [PMID: 25721735 PMCID: PMC11114048 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The NFE2 transcription factor was identified over 25 years ago. The NFE2 protein forms heterodimers with small MAF proteins, and the resulting complex binds to regulatory elements in a large number of target genes. In contrast to other CNC transcription family members including NFE2L1 (NRF1), NFE2L2 (NRF2) and NFE2L3 (NRF3), which are widely expressed, earlier studies had suggested that the major sites of NFE2 expression are hematopoietic cells. Based on cell culture studies it was proposed that this protein acts as a critical regulator of globin gene expression. However, the knockout mouse model displayed only mild erythroid abnormalities, while the major phenotype was a defect in megakaryocyte biogenesis. Indeed, absence of NFE2 led to severely impaired platelet production. A series of recent data, also summarized here, shed new light on the various functional roles of NFE2 and the regulation of its activity. NFE2 is part of a complex regulatory network, including transcription factors such as GATA1 and RUNX1, controlling megakaryocytic and/or erythroid cell function. Surprisingly, it was recently found that NFE2 also has a role in non-hematopoietic tissues, such as the trophoblast, in which it is also expressed, as well as the bone, opening the door to new research areas for this transcription factor. Additional data showed that NFE2 function is controlled by a series of posttranslational modifications. Important strides have been made with respect to the clinical significance of NFE2, linking this transcription factor to hematological disorders such as polycythemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga J. Gasiorek
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Niceta M, Stellacci E, Gripp K, Zampino G, Kousi M, Anselmi M, Traversa A, Ciolfi A, Stabley D, Bruselles A, Caputo V, Cecchetti S, Prudente S, Fiorenza M, Boitani C, Philip N, Niyazov D, Leoni C, Nakane T, Keppler-Noreuil K, Braddock S, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Palleschi A, Campeau P, Lee B, Pouponnot C, Stella L, Bocchinfuso G, Katsanis N, Sol-Church K, Tartaglia M. Mutations Impairing GSK3-Mediated MAF Phosphorylation Cause Cataract, Deafness, Intellectual Disability, Seizures, and a Down Syndrome-like Facies. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:816-25. [PMID: 25865493 PMCID: PMC4570552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors operate in developmental processes to mediate inductive events and cell competence, and perturbation of their function or regulation can dramatically affect morphogenesis, organogenesis, and growth. We report that a narrow spectrum of amino-acid substitutions within the transactivation domain of the v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (MAF), a leucine zipper-containing transcription factor of the AP1 superfamily, profoundly affect development. Seven different de novo missense mutations involving conserved residues of the four GSK3 phosphorylation motifs were identified in eight unrelated individuals. The distinctive clinical phenotype, for which we propose the eponym Aymé-Gripp syndrome, is not limited to lens and eye defects as previously reported for MAF/Maf loss of function but includes sensorineural deafness, intellectual disability, seizures, brachycephaly, distinctive flat facial appearance, skeletal anomalies, mammary gland hypoplasia, and reduced growth. Disease-causing mutations were demonstrated to impair proper MAF phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, perturbed gene expression in primary skin fibroblasts, and induced neurodevelopmental defects in an in vivo model. Our findings nosologically and clinically delineate a previously poorly understood recognizable multisystem disorder, provide evidence for MAF governing a wider range of developmental programs than previously appreciated, and describe a novel instance of protein dosage effect severely perturbing development.
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38
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Narasimhan M, Rajasekaran NS. Reductive potential - a savior turns stressor in protein aggregation cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:53-60. [PMID: 25446995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential for basal signaling of several physiological processes, but a unilateral shift towards an 'oxidative' or 'reductive' trait will alter intracellular redox milieu. Typically, such an event influences the structure and the native function of a cell or an organelle. Numerous experimental research and clinical trials over the last 6 decades have demonstrated that enhanced oxygen-derived free radicals constitute a major stimulus to trigger damage in several human diseases, including cardiovascular complications supporting the theory of oxidative stress (OS). However, until our key discovery, the dynamic interrelationship between "Reductive Stress (RS)" and cardiac health has been obscured by overwhelming OS studies (Rajasekaran et al., 2007). Notably, this seminal finding spurred considerable interest in investigations of other mechanistic insights, and thus far the results indicate a similar or stronger role for RS, as that of OS. In addition, from our own findings we strongly believe that constitutive activation of pathways that enable sustained generation of reducing equivalents of glutathione (GSH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) will cause RS and impair the basal cellular signaling mechanisms operating through harmless pro-oxidative events, in turn, disrupting single and/or a combination of key cellular processes such as growth, maturation, differentiation, survival, death etc., that govern healthy cell physiology. Here, we have discussed the role of RS as a causal or contributing factor in relevant pathophysiology of a major cardiac disease of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2180, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2180, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States.
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39
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Elucidation of immediate type I reactions in native and GM mustard ( Brassica spp.). Food Res Int 2014; 64:810-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Pellegrino S, Ronda L, Annoni C, Contini A, Erba E, Gelmi ML, Piano R, Paredi G, Mozzarelli A, Bettati S. Molecular insights into dimerization inhibition of c-Maf transcription factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2108-15. [PMID: 25220806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Maf protein family belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) superfamily of transcription factors that bind specific DNA target sequences through a basic region and exploit a leucine zipper (LZ) motif for protein-protein interactions leading to homo- or hetero-dimerization. Mafs unique DNA-binding domain contains a highly conserved extended homology region (EHR) that allows to recognize longer DNA sequences than other basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. Inspired by the fact that overexpression of Mafs is observed in about 50% of cases of multiple myeloma, a hematological malignant disorder, we undertook a peptide inhibitor approach. The LZ domain of c-Maf, one of large Mafs, was produced by solid phase peptide synthesis. We characterized its secondary structure and dimerization properties, and found that dimerization and folding events are strictly coupled. Moreover, potential peptidic c-Maf dimerization inhibitors were computationally designed and synthesized. These compounds were demonstrated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to bind to c-Maf LZ monomers, to drive folding of their partially disordered structure and to efficiently compete with dimerization, suggesting a way for interfering with the function of c-Maf and, more generally, of intrinsically disordered proteins, till now considered undruggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM - Section of General and Organic Chemistry "A. Marchesini", University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Annoni
- DISFARM - Section of General and Organic Chemistry "A. Marchesini", University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- DISFARM - Section of General and Organic Chemistry "A. Marchesini", University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Erba
- DISFARM - Section of General and Organic Chemistry "A. Marchesini", University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- DISFARM - Section of General and Organic Chemistry "A. Marchesini", University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Piano
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Paredi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; SITEIA.PARMA Interdepartmental Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Differential effect of cataract-associated mutations in MAF on transactivation of MAF target genes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:137-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang Y, Ross AC. Retinoic acid and the transcription factor MafB act together and differentially to regulate aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in neonatal chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:471-9. [PMID: 22961837 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and its active form, retinoic acid (RA), are regulators of skeletal development and chondrogenesis. MafB, a transcription factor, has been identified as an important mediator in monocyte and osteoclast differentiation. However, the presence and function of MafB in chondrocytes is not clear. In this study, MafB gene expression was regulated by both the VA status of the mother (VA-marginal, adequate, and supplemented diets) and by direct oral supplementation of the neonates with VARA (VA mixed with 10% RA). Expression was highest in neonates of VA-supplemented versus VA-marginal dams (P < 0.05), and in VARA-treated versus placebo-treated neonates across all diet groups (P < 0.05). To examine cellular changes, primary chondrocytes derived from neonatal rat ribs were cultured in the presence of RA for up to 48 h. MafB mRNA exhibited a time- and dose-dependent increase in response to RA, while the induction of MafB mRNA was attenuated by BMS-493, a pan-RAR inverse agonist, implicating RAR signaling in the regulation of MafB. The genetic knockdown of MafB in chondrocytes using siRNA (MafB(SI) chondrocytes) abrogated the RA-induced increase in MafB expression. MafB(SI) chondrocytes expressed higher levels of aggrecan mRNA. Additionally, the increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 gene expression due to RA was attenuated in MafB(SI) chondrocytes, while total extracellular matrix staining was increased. These results support a role for MafB as a regulator of chondrocyte gene expression and matrix formation via control of aggrecan, MMP3 and MMP13 expression, and indicate an important role for RA in the regulation of MafB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Barbosa S, Fasanella G, Carreira S, Llarena M, Fox R, Barreca C, Andrew D, O'Hare P. An orchestrated program regulating secretory pathway genes and cargos by the transmembrane transcription factor CREB-H. Traffic 2013; 14:382-98. [PMID: 23279168 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CREB3 proteins comprise a set of ER-localized bZip transcription factors defined by the presence of a transmembrane domain. They are regulated by inter-compartmental transport, Golgi cleavage and nuclear transport where they promote appropriate transcriptional responses. Although CREB3 proteins play key roles in differentiation, inflammation and metabolism, a general framework relating their defining features to these diverse activities is lacking. We identify unique features of CREB3 organization including the ATB domain, which we show it is essential for transcriptional activity. This domain is absent in all other human bZip factors, but conserved in Drosophila CREBA, which controls secretory pathway genes (SPGs). Furthermore, each of the five human CREB3 factors was capable of activating SPGs in Drosophila, dependent upon the ATB domain. Expression of the CREB3 protein, CREB-H, in 293 cells, upregulated genes involved in secretory capacity, extracellular matrix formation and lipid metabolism and increased secretion of specific cargos. In liver cells, which normally express CREB-H, the active form specifically induced secretion of apolipoproteins, including ApoA-IV, ApoAI, consistent with data implicating CREB-H in metabolic homeostasis. Based on these data and other recent studies, we propose a general role for the CREB3 family in regulating secretory capacity, with particular relevance to specialized cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, UK
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44
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Lu X, Guanga GP, Wan C, Rose RB. A novel DNA binding mechanism for maf basic region-leucine zipper factors inferred from a MafA-DNA complex structure and binding specificities. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9706-17. [PMID: 23148532 DOI: 10.1021/bi301248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MafA is a proto-oncoprotein and is critical for insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells. Maf proteins belong to the AP1 superfamily of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. Residues in the basic helix and an ancillary N-terminal domain, the Extended Homology Region (EHR), endow maf proteins with unique DNA binding properties: binding a 13 bp consensus site consisting of a core AP1 site (TGACTCA) flanked by TGC sequences and binding DNA stably as monomers. To further characterize maf DNA binding, we determined the structure of a MafA-DNA complex. MafA forms base-specific hydrogen bonds with the flanking G(-5)C(-4) and central C(0)/G(0) bases, but not with the core-TGA bases. However, in vitro binding studies utilizing a pulse-chase electrophoretic mobility shift assay protocol revealed that mutating either the core-TGA or flanking-TGC bases dramatically increases the binding off rate. Comparing the known maf structures, we propose that DNA binding specificity results from positioning the basic helix through unique phosphate contacts. The EHR does not contact DNA directly but stabilizes DNA binding by contacting the basic helix. Collectively, these results suggest a novel multistep DNA binding process involving a conformational change from contacting the core-TGA to contacting the flanking-TGC bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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45
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Stachulski AV, Baillie TA, Kevin Park B, Scott Obach R, Dalvie DK, Williams DP, Srivastava A, Regan SL, Antoine DJ, Goldring CEP, Chia AJL, Kitteringham NR, Randle LE, Callan H, Castrejon JL, Farrell J, Naisbitt DJ, Lennard MS. The Generation, Detection, and Effects of Reactive Drug Metabolites. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:985-1080. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories; University of Liverpool; Liverpool; L69 7ZD; UK
| | - Thomas A. Baillie
- School of Pharmacy; University of Washington; Box 357631; Seattle; Washington; 98195-7631
| | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development; Groton; Connecticut 06340
| | - Deepak K. Dalvie
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism; Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development; La Jolla; California 94121
| | - Dominic P. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Abhishek Srivastava
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Sophie L. Regan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Daniel J. Antoine
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Christopher E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Alvin J. L. Chia
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Neil R. Kitteringham
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Laura E. Randle
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science; Liverpool John Moores University; James Parsons Building, Byrom Street; Liverpool L3 3AF; UK
| | - Hayley Callan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - J. Luis Castrejon
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - John Farrell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science; Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street; Liverpool L69 3GE; UK
| | - Martin S. Lennard
- Academic Unit of Medical Education; University of Sheffield; 85 Wilkinson Street; Sheffield S10 2GJ; UK
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Zhang M, Clausell A, Robinson T, Yin J, Chen E, Johnson L, Weiss G, Sabbaj S, Lowe RM, Wagner FH, Goepfert PA, Kutsch O, Cron RQ. Host factor transcriptional regulation contributes to preferential expression of HIV type 1 in IL-4-producing CD4 T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2746-57. [PMID: 22875803 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replicates preferentially in IL-4-producing CD4 T cells for unclear reasons. We show increased HIV-1 expression is irrespective of viral tropism for chemokine receptors as previously suggested, but rather transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) is increased in IL-4-producing CD4 T cells. Increased expression of HIV-1 message is also confirmed in IL-4-producing CD4 T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals ex vivo. In exploring a transcriptional mechanism, we identify a novel c-maf (required for IL-4 expression) transcription factor binding site just upstream of the dual NF-κB/NFAT binding sites in the proximal HIV-1 LTR. We demonstrate that c-maf binds this site in vivo and synergistically augments HIV-1 transcription in cooperation with NFAT2 and NF-κB p65, but not NFAT1 or NF-κB p50. Conversely, small interfering RNA inhibition of c-maf reduces HIV-1 transcription in IL-4-producing T cells. Thus, c-maf increases HIV-1 expression in IL-4-producing CD4 T cells by binding the proximal HIV-1 LTR and augmenting HIV-1 transcription in partnership with NFAT2 and NF-κB p65 specifically. This has important implications for selective targeting of transcription factors during HIV-1 infection because, over the course of HIV-1 progression/AIDS, IL-4-producing T cells frequently predominate and substantially contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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The small MAF transcription factors MAFF, MAFG and MAFK: current knowledge and perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1841-6. [PMID: 22721719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The small MAFs, MAFF, MAFG and MAFK have emerged as crucial regulators of mammalian gene expression. Previous studies have linked small MAF function, by virtue of their heterodimerization with the Cap 'n' Collar (CNC) family of transcription factors, to the stress response and detoxification pathways. Recent analyses have revealed a complex regulatory network involving small MAF transcription factors and other cellular proteins. The expression and activity of small MAFs are tightly regulated at multiple levels. With regard to their clinical importance, small MAFs have been linked to various diseases, such as diabetes, neuronal disorders, thrombocytopenia and carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the activity of small MAFs will provide novel insights into the control of mammalian transcription and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat common human disorders.
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c-Maf is required for the development of dorsal horn laminae III/IV neurons and mechanoreceptive DRG axon projections. J Neurosci 2012; 32:5362-73. [PMID: 22514301 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6239-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of proper connectivity between peripheral sensory neurons and their central targets is required for an animal to sense and respond to various external stimuli. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons convey sensory signals of different modalities via their axon projections to distinct laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In this study, we found that c-Maf was expressed predominantly in the interneurons of laminae III/IV, which primarily receive inputs from mechanoreceptive DRG neurons. In the DRG, c-Maf⁺ neurons also coexpressed neurofilament-200, a marker for the medium- and large-diameter myelinated afferents that transmit non-noxious information. Furthermore, mouse embryos deficient in c-Maf displayed abnormal development of dorsal horn laminae III/IV neurons, as revealed by the marked reduction in the expression of several marker genes for these neurons, including those for transcription factors MafA and Rora, GABA(A) receptor subunit α5, and neuropeptide cholecystokinin. In addition, among the four major subpopulations of DRG neurons marked by expression of TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and MafA/GFRα2/Ret, c-Maf was required selectively for the proper differentiation of MafA⁺/Ret⁺/GFRα2⁺ low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMs). Last, we found that the central and peripheral projections of mechanoreceptive DRG neurons were compromised in c-Maf deletion mice. Together, our results indicate that c-Maf is required for the proper development of MafA⁺/Ret⁺/GFRα2⁺ LTMs in the DRG, their afferent projections in the dorsal horn and Pacinian corpuscles, as well as neurons in laminae III/IV of the spinal cord.
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Morita M, Nakamura M, Hamada M, Takahashi S. Combinatorial motif analysis of regulatory gene expression in Mafb deficient macrophages. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5 Suppl 2:S7. [PMID: 22784578 PMCID: PMC3287487 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-s2-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Deficiency of the transcription factor MafB, which is normally expressed in macrophages, can underlie cellular dysfunction associated with a range of autoimmune diseases and arteriosclerosis. MafB has important roles in cell differentiation and regulation of target gene expression; however, the mechanisms of this regulation and the identities of other transcription factors with which MafB interacts remain uncertain. Bioinformatics methods provide a valuable approach for elucidating the nature of these interactions with transcriptional regulatory elements from a large number of DNA sequences. In particular, identification of patterns of co-occurrence of regulatory cis-elements (motifs) offers a robust approach. Results Here, the directional relationships among several functional motifs were evaluated using the Log-linear Graphical Model (LGM) after extraction and search for evolutionarily conserved motifs. This analysis highlighted GATA-1 motifs and 5’AT-rich half Maf recognition elements (MAREs) in promoter regions of 18 genes that were down-regulated in Mafb deficient macrophages. GATA-1 motifs and MafB motifs could regulate expression of these genes in both a negative and positive manner, respectively. The validity of this conclusion was tested with data from a luciferase assay that used a C1qa promoter construct carrying both the GATA-1 motifs and MAREs. GATA-1 was found to inhibit the activity of the C1qa promoter with the GATA-1 motifs and MafB motifs. Conclusions These observations suggest that both the GATA-1 motifs and MafB motifs are important for lineage specific expression of C1qa. In addition, these findings show that analysis of combinations of evolutionarily conserved motifs can be successfully used to identify patterns of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morita
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Chevillard G, Blank V. NFE2L3 (NRF3): the Cinderella of the Cap'n'Collar transcription factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3337-48. [PMID: 21687990 PMCID: PMC11114735 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NFE2L3 [Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 3] or NRF3, a member of the Cap'n'Collar (CNC) family, is a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that was first identified over 10 years ago. Contrary to its extensively studied homolog NFE2L2 (NRF2), the regulation and function of the NFE2L3 protein have not yet attracted as much attention. Nevertheless, several recent reports have now shed light on the possible roles of NFE2L3. Structural and biochemical studies revealed a series of domains and modifications that are critical for its cellular regulation. The control of the subcellular localization of NFE2L3 appears to be essential for understanding its role in various cellular processes. Importantly, newer studies provide fascinating insights linking NFE2L3 to differentiation, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Here, we present an overview of the current level of knowledge of NFE2L3 transcription factor biology in humans and mice. From being the Cinderella of the CNC transcription factors for many years, NFE2L3 may now rapidly come into its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Chevillard
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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