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Li S, Young T, Archer S, Lee K, Alfaro AC. Gut microbiome resilience of green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, to starvation. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:571-580. [PMID: 37523041 PMCID: PMC10991064 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Host gut microbiomes play an important role in animal health and resilience to conditions, such as malnutrition and starvation. These host-microbiome relationships are poorly understood in the marine mussel Perna canaliculus, which experiences significant variations in food quantity and quality in coastal areas. Prolonged starvation may be a contributory factor towards incidences of mass mortalities in farmed mussel populations, resulting in highly variable production costs and unreliable market supplies. Here, we examine the gut microbiota of P. canaliculus in response to starvation and subsequent re-feeding using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Mussels showed no change in bacterial species richness when subjected to a 14-day starvation, followed by re-feeding/recovery. However, beta bacteria diversity revealed significant shifts (PERMANOVA p-value < 0.001) in community structure in the starvation group and no differences in the subsequent recovery group (compared to the control group) once they were re-fed, highlighting their recovery capability and resilience. Phylum-level community profiles revealed an elevation in dominance of Proteobacteria (ANCOM-BC p-value <0.001) and Bacteroidota (ANCOM-BC p-value = 0.04) and lower relative abundance of Cyanobacteria (ANCOM-BC p-value = 0.01) in the starvation group compared to control and recovery groups. The most abundant genus-level shifts revealed relative increases of the heterotroph Halioglobus (p-value < 0.05) and lowered abundances of the autotroph Synechococcus CC9902 in the starvation group. Furthermore, a SparCC correlation network identified co-occurrence of a cluster of genera with elevated relative abundance in the starved mussels that were positively correlated with Synechococcus CC9902. The findings from this work provide the first insights into the effect of starvation on the resilience capacity of Perna canaliculus gut microbiota, which is of central importance to understanding the effect of food variation and limitation in farmed mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Li
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Archer
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Cubillos VM, Salas-Yanquin LP, Büchner-Miranda JA, Ramírez F, Zabala MS, Averbuj A, Márquez F, Jaramillo HN, Chaparro OR. UV-R mitigation strategies in encapsulated embryos of the intertidal gastropod Acanthina monodon: A way to compensate for lack of parental care. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 180:105711. [PMID: 35933825 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intracapsular embryonic development in the intertidal zone exposes embryos to various stress sources characteristic of this environment, including UV-R. They require defensive mechanisms to mitigate its adverse effects. The presence of total carotenoids (TC), and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was studied in adults, in encapsulated embryos, and in the egg capsule walls of the intertidal gastropod Acanthina monodon. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were determined in encapsulated and excapsulated embryos exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR + UV-A + UV-B to understand if the capsule wall is a protective structure for encapsulated embryos. The results showed the presence of TC in adult pedal and gonad tissues, and in all encapsulated stages. MAAs were not detected. The physical structure of the capsule wall retained most wavelengths, being particularly efficient in the UV-B range. Excapsulated embryos exposed to PAR + UV-A + UV-B radiation increased its OCR compared to encapsulated embryos, indicating the protective character of the capsule wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L P Salas-Yanquin
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J A Büchner-Miranda
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - F Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M S Zabala
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - A Averbuj
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - F Márquez
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - H N Jaramillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Physiological response of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Pelagodinium béii to ultraviolet radiation: synthesis and accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim BK, Park MO, Min JO, Kang SH, Shin KH, Yang EJ, Ha SY. The Interplay of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids between Phytoplankton Groups and Northern Krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in a High-Latitude Fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040238. [PMID: 35447908 PMCID: PMC9028281 DOI: 10.3390/md20040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated pigment and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) concentrations of phytoplankton and Northern krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in the surface and middle-layer water were 0.44 μg L−1 (±0.17 μg L−1) and 0.63 μg L−1 (±0.25 μg L−1), respectively. Alloxanthin (Allo, a marker of cryptophytes) was observed at all stations, and its mean values for surface and middle-layer water were 0.09 μg L−1 (±0.05 μg L−1) and 0.05 (±0.02 μg L−1), respectively. The mean MAA-to-Chl-a ratios at the surface (3.31 ± 2.58 μg (μg Chl-a)−1) were significantly higher than those in the middle-layer water (0.88 ± 0.49 μg (μg Chl-a)−1), suggesting that these compounds play an important role in reducing UV photodamage. In gut pigment levels of Northern krill, the most abundant accessory pigment was Allo (2.79 ± 0.33 μg g−1 dry weight; d.w.), as was the accumulation of Chl-a (8.29 ± 1.13 μg g−1 d.w.). The average concentration of MAAs was 1.87 mg g−1 d.w. (±0.88 mg g−1 d.w.) in krill eyes, which was higher than that in all other body parts (0.99 ± 0.41 mg g−1 d.w.), except for the gut. Thysanoessa sp. was found to contain five identified MAAs (shinorine, palythine, porphyra-334, mycosporine-glycine, and M-332) in the krill eye, whereas shinorine and porphyra-334 were only observed in the krill body, not the eyes and gut. These findings suggest that Northern krill accumulate MAAs of various compositions through the diet (mainly cryptophytes) and translocate them among their body parts as an adaptation for photoprotection and physiological demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Kim
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Mi-Ok Park
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Jun-Oh Min
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-760-5341
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Extreme Weather Events Enhance DOC Consumption in a Subtropical Freshwater Ecosystem: A Multiple-Typhoon Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061199. [PMID: 34206081 PMCID: PMC8230144 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that the frequency/intensity of extreme weather events might increase in a warming climate. It remains unclear how these events quantitatively impact dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a pool approximately equal to CO2 in the atmosphere. This study conducted a weekly-to-biweekly sampling in a deep subtropical reservoir in the typhoon-prevailing season (June to September) from 2004 to 2009, at which 33 typhoons with distinctive precipitation (<1~362 mm d-1) had passed the study site. Our analyses indicated that the phosphate (i.e., DIP; <10~181 nMP) varied positively with the intensity of the accumulated rainfall 2-weeks prior; bacteria growth rate (0.05~3.68 d-1) behaved as a positive function of DIP, and DOC concentrations (54~119 µMC) changed negatively with bacterial production (1.2~26.1 mgC m-3 d-1). These implied that the elevated DIP-loading in the hyperpycnal flow induced by typhoons could fuel bacteria growth and cause a significant decline of DOC concentrations. As the typhoon's intensity increases, many mineral-limited lentic freshwater ecosystems might become more like a CO2 source injecting more CO2 back to the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback loop that might generate severer extreme weather events.
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Garcia-Vaquero M, Rajauria G, Miranda M, Sweeney T, Lopez-Alonso M, O’Doherty J. Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:204. [PMID: 33916596 PMCID: PMC8066787 DOI: 10.3390/md19040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2-11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49-64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Marta Lopez-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - John O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.G.-V.); (G.R.)
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Frontier N, de Bettignies F, Foggo A, Davoult D. Sustained productivity and respiration of degrading kelp detritus in the shallow benthos: Detached or broken, but not dead. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 166:105277. [PMID: 33592375 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperate kelp forests contribute significantly to marine primary productivity and fuel many benthic and pelagic food chains. A large proportion of biomass is exported from kelp forests as detritus into recipient marine ecosystems, potentially contributing to Blue Carbon sequestration. The degradation of this organic material is slow and recent research has revealed the preservation of photosynthetic functions over time. However, the physiological correlates of detrital breakdown in Laminaria spp. have not yet been studied. The warming climate threatens to reshuffle the species composition of kelp forests and perturb the dynamics of these highly productive ecosystems. The present study compares the physiological response of degrading detritus from two competing North East Atlantic species; the native Boreal Laminaria hyperborea and the thermally tolerant Boreal-Lusitanian L. ochroleuca. Detrital fragment degradation was measured by a mesocosm experiment across a gradient of spectral attenuation (a proxy for depth) to investigate the changes in physiological performance under different environmental conditions. Degradation of fragments was quantified over 108 days by measuring the biomass, production and respiration (by respirometry) and efficiency of Photosystem II (by PAM fluorometry). Data indicated that whilst degrading, the photosynthetic performance of the species responded differently to simulated depths, but fragments of both species continued to produce oxygen for up to 56 days and sustained positive net primary production. This study reveals the potential for ostensibly detrital kelp to contribute to Blue Carbon fixation through sustained primary production which should be factored into Blue Carbon management. Furthermore, the physiological response of kelp detritus is likely dependent upon the range of habitats to which it is exported. In the context of climate change, shifts in species composition of kelp forests and their detritus are likely to have wide-reaching effects upon the cycling of organic matter in benthic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Frontier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680, Roscoff, France; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Florian de Bettignies
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Andy Foggo
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Dominique Davoult
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, F-29680, Roscoff, France
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Kakakhel MA, Wu F, Anwar Z, Saif I, Akbar NU, Gul N, Ali I, Feng H, Wang W. The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in soil, their transmission, and their influence on the small ruminants and human population: A review. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:104850. [PMID: 33766632 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystem approach has been developed since the 1940s. An ecosystem is a community of living organism and their interaction and conjugation with abiotic factors of the environment. The ecosystem is not endemic to the aquatic environment only but, the terrestrial environment is also considered to be a part of an ecosystem. Soil act as mother role for the survival of different microorganism. The Toxoplasma gondii oocysts stay survive for a long time in the soil. This presence of these oocysts might critically enhance the success of this parasite in two ways. First, this parasite can widespread; second, it can create a lot of consequences regarding animals and their economic value. Soil contamination caused by Toxoplasma gondii Y is a significant and profound issue for animals and public health. Therefore, the current study was aimed to summarize and correlate the soil and parasite, their transmission, infection, and some aspects related to T. gondii. The small animals are pose at a high risk therefore, it was concluded that some preventive measures should be taken to keep secure itself from zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Adnan Kakakhel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Fasi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, PR China
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Irfan Saif
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Noor Ul Akbar
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Gul
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ali
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710069, PR China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Wanfu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu, 736200, PR China; Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation for Ancient Mural, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang, 736200, Gansu, PR China.
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Kallscheuer N, Wiegand S, Kohn T, Boedeker C, Jeske O, Rast P, Müller RW, Brümmer F, Heuer A, Jetten MSM, Rohde M, Jogler M, Jogler C. Cultivation-Independent Analysis of the Bacterial Community Associated With the Calcareous Sponge Clathrina clathrus and Isolation of Poriferisphaera corsica Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., Belonging to the Barely Studied Class Phycisphaerae in the Phylum Planctomycetes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:602250. [PMID: 33414774 PMCID: PMC7783415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.602250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems serve as global carbon sinks and nutrient source or breeding ground for aquatic animals. Sponges are ancient parts of these important ecosystems and can be found in caves, the deep-sea, clear waters, or more turbid environments. Here, we studied the bacterial community composition of the calcareous sponge Clathrina clathrus sampled close to the island Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea with an emphasis on planctomycetes. We show that the phylum Planctomycetes accounts for 9% of the C. clathrus-associated bacterial community, a 5-fold enrichment compared to the surrounding seawater. Indeed, the use of C. clathrus as a yet untapped source of novel planctomycetal strains led to the isolation of strain KS4T. The strain represents a novel genus and species within the class Phycisphaerae in the phylum Planctomycetes and displays interesting cell biological features, such as formation of outer membrane vesicles and an unexpected mode of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Timo Kohn
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Olga Jeske
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Ralph-Walter Müller
- Faculty for Energy-, Process- and Bioengineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mareike Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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10
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El-Sheekh MM, Alwaleed EA, Ibrahim A, Saber H. Detrimental effect of UV-B radiation on growth, photosynthetic pigments, metabolites and ultrastructure of some cyanobacteria and freshwater chlorophyta. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:265-275. [PMID: 33196340 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1851060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming directly influencing ozone layer depletion, which eventually is increasing ultraviolet radiation penetration having far-reaching impacts on living biota. This particularly influences the primary producer microalgae which are the basic unit of food webs in the aquatic habitats. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate the research at this micro-level to understand the harmful impact of increased UV-B radiation ever before. Consequently, the present attempt aimed to focus on the influence of UV-B on growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, some metabolites, and ultrastructure of the freshwater cyanobacteria, Planktothrix cryptovaginata (Microcoleaceae), Nostoc carneum (Nostocaceae), Microcystis aeruginosa (Microcystaceae), the Chlorophyte Scenedesmus acutus (Scenedesmaceae), and the marine Cyanobacterium Microcystis (Microcystaceae). METHODS The cultures of investigated algae were subjected directly to different duration periods (1, 3, 5, and 7 h) of artificial UV-B in addition to unirradiated control culture and allowed to grow for 10 days, after which the algal samples were analyzed for growth, photosynthetic activities, primary metabolities and cellular ultrastructure. RESULTS A remarkable inhibitory influence of UV-B was observed on growth criteria (measured as optical density and dry weight) and photosynthetic pigments of P. cryptovaginata, N. carneum, M. aeruginosa, S. acutus, and marine Microcystis. Where increasing the exposure time of UV-B was accompanied by increased inhibition. The variation in carbohydrate and protein contents under UV stress was based on the exposure periods and the algal species. The variation in algal ultrastructure by UV-B stress was noticed by an Electron Microscope. Cells damage and lysis, cell wall and cell membrane ruptured and release of intracellular substances, loss of cell inclusion, plasmolysis and necrosis, or apoptosis of the algal cells were observed by exposure to 7 h of UV-B. CONCLUSION Exposure to UV-B has a marked harmful impact on the growth, pigments, and metabolic activity, as well as the cellular ultrastructure of some cyanobacteria and chlorophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman A Alwaleed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Aml Ibrahim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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11
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Müller YMR, Melo MSD, Weiss VMC, Quadros TD, Ammar D, Nazari EM. Ultraviolet B radiation affects epithelial cell morphology and ultrastructure in the hepatopancreas of the freshwater decapod Macrobrachium olfersii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111096. [PMID: 32805503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas is the digestive organ of crustaceans, and plays important roles also in the synthesis and secretion of sexual hormones, immunological defenses and xenobiotic detoxification. Although the importance of this organ in crustaceans cannot be underestimated, the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on hepatopancreas are poorly understood. Moreover, Macrobrachium prawns, have a transparent carapace, which make them more susceptible to UVB radiation, since their internal organs, such as hepatopancreas, are easily reached by solar radiation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate UVB radiation toxicity on the morphology and morphometry of hepatopancreatic epithelial cells, and to investigate these UVB effects in subcellular compartments of the ecologically-important freshwater decapod, Macrobrachium olfersii. Hepatopancreas from the UVB-irradiated group showed a granular cytoplasm, with non-defined cell limits. Morphometric analyses revealed that the UVB-irradiated group exhibited a higher frequency of fibrillar (F-cell), resorptive (R-cell) and midget (M-cell), and decreased the blister-like (B-cell). It was also observed increased vacuole frequencies and increased F-, B- and R-cell volumes in the UVB-irradiated group. In addition, it was observed increased B-cell vacuolar volumes and decreased R-cell vacuolar volumes. Ultrastructural alterations occurred in subcellular compartments in F- and R-cells, e.g. loss of mitochondrial crests, morphologically compatible with mitochondrial fission, rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae dilation, dilation of Golgi lamellar sacs, and increased vacuole and concentric membrane formation in the UVB-irradiated group. Our data showed that the hepatopancreas is an important target of UVB radiation, as demonstrated by a series of organ-specific morphological and morphometric impairments. Therefore, cell damage caused by UVB radiation can compromise metabolic functions in epithelial cells from the hepatopancreas, potentially affecting absorption, secretion and digestion processes, vitellogenin synthesis, immune responses and xenobiotic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Machado Cardoso Weiss
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaline de Quadros
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dib Ammar
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Desenvolvimento Animal, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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12
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Olsen RO, Lindivat M, Larsen A, Thuestad G, Hoell IA. Incubation in light versus dark affects the vitality of UV-irradiated Tetraselmis suecica differently: A flow cytometric study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110528. [PMID: 31470209 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used flow cytometry to examine how incubation in dark versus light affects the vitality and viability of UV-irradiated Tetraselmis suecica. High UV doses (300 and 400 mJ/cm2) affected the esterase activity, membrane permeability, and chlorophyll content more when the subsequent incubation took place in light. For non- or low UV dose (100 and 200 mJ/cm2)-treated cells, incubation in light resulted in cell regrowth as compared to incubation in dark. Damaged cells (enzymatically active but with permeable membranes) did not recover when incubated under light or dark conditions. Exposure to light reduces the evaluation time of any given ballast water treatment, as viable cells will be detected at an earlier stage and the vitality is more affected. When evaluating the performance of UV-based ballast water treatment systems (BWTS), these results can be useful for type approval using T. suecica as a test organism in the test regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranveig O Olsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bjoernsonsgt. 45, 5528 Haugesund, Norway.
| | - Mathilde Lindivat
- Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bjoernsonsgt. 45, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
| | - Aud Larsen
- Uni Research Environment and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Thuestad
- Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bjoernsonsgt. 45, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
| | - Ingunn Alne Hoell
- Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bjoernsonsgt. 45, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
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Dikbas UM, Tardu M, Canturk A, Gul S, Ozcelik G, Baris I, Ozturk N, Kavakli IH. Identification and Characterization of a New Class of (6-4) Photolyase from Vibrio cholerae. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4352-4360. [PMID: 31578858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light is crucial for many biological activities of most organisms, including vision, resetting of circadian rhythm, photosynthesis, and DNA repair. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) represents an ancient group of UV-A/blue light sensitive proteins that perform different functions such as DNA repair, circadian photoreception, and transcriptional regulation. The CPF is widely distributed throughout all organisms, including marine prokaryotes. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae was previously shown to have a CPD photolyase that repairs UV-induced thymine dimers and two CRY-DASHs that repair UV-induced single-stranded DNA damage. Here, we characterize a hypothetical gene Vca0809 encoding a new member of CPF in this organism. The spectroscopic analysis of the purified protein indicated that this enzyme possessed a catalytic cofactor, FAD, and photoantenna chromophore 6,7-dimethyl 8-ribityl-lumazin. With a slot blot-based DNA repair assay, we showed that it possessed (6-4) photolyase activity. Further phylogenetic and computational analyses enabled us to classify this gene as a member of the family of iron-sulfur bacterial cryptochromes and photolyases (FeS-BCP). Therefore, we named this gene Vc(6-4) FeS-BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Meric Dikbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tardu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Asena Canturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Baris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
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14
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Ekundayo TC, Okoh AI. Modelling the effects of physicochemical variables and anthropogenic activities as ecological drivers of Plesiomonas shigelloides distribution and freshwaters quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:765-778. [PMID: 31132640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal distribution of pathogens in freshwater is driven by environmental variables (EVs), natural, and human-induced activities and the spread of infections and disease outbreaks are triggered significantly by these processes. The role of EVs and anthropogenic activities on the distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides is not well understood; hence this study aimed at modelling the effects of EVs and anthropogenic gradients on the densities of Plesiomonas in freshwaters and freshwater quality. Three freshwaters were sampled from February to December 2017. The EVs and Plesiomonas densities of the freshwaters were determined using standard techniques, while partial least square path modelling and correlation analysis were performed on the data collected. Factors underpinning the quality of the freshwaters were identified through principal component analysis (PCA). Most EVs fell within the bounds of recommended permissible limits except turbidity, TSS, salinity and TDS. Results revealed a significant increase of Plesiomonas densities with an increase in the magnitude of path coefficients and intensities of anthropogenic activities along the freshwaters. The distribution of Plesiomonas correlated with temperature (r = 0.69, p < 0.01), TSS (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), TBS (r = 0.28, p < 0.01), and BOD (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). Similarly, a significant correlation existed between conductivity and TDS (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) and salinity (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). Network analysis of EVs identified three closed networks essential for freshwaters quality and Plesiomonas distribution with nodes of variables under synergistic latent influences. Overall, PCA identified four drivers of the freshwater quality and in part, Plesiomonas density; namely, nutrient loading; thermal and organic pollutions, aesthetic pollution, and pH modulators. Higher component score indicated a greater impact of nutrient loading on the freshwater quality. The study concluded that Plesiomonas distribution is largely shaped by anthropogenic gradients and EVs in rivers, and these may play a major role in its dissemination along freshwater milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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15
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Vitt S, Mehlis-Rick M, Bakker TCM, Rick IP. Enhanced ambient UVB radiation affects post-mating, but not pre-mating sexual traits in a fish. Oecologia 2019; 190:355-366. [PMID: 31134331 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting shallow aquatic habitats currently experience increasing levels of solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). UVB causes damage on cellular and molecular levels and can affect associated life-history traits either through direct exposure or indirectly through oxidative stress generation. We examined UVB effects on pre- and post-mating sexual traits in three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Adult, reproductively non-active males were assigned to two exposure treatments under semi-natural conditions in an outdoor experiment; one group received natural radiation (UVBnormal) whilst the other group received additional UVB (UVBenhanced). After two months, colour metrics were used to quantify male breeding colouration as pre-mating trait. At the post-mating stage, sperm morphology, number and movement as well as testes mass were determined. Males did not significantly differ in sexual ornamentation between treatments, but UVBenhanced fish had smaller testes as well as fewer and shorter sperm than UVBnormal fish. Sperm movement was not significantly different between treatments. However, in UVBenhanced males, linear and progressive movement of sperm was positively correlated with sperm morphology (head-to-tail length ratio), whereas in UVBnormal males this relationship was negative (but not significant). Additionally, there was a significant treatment by body condition interaction concerning head-to-tail length ratio, i.e. head-to-tail length ratio increased with condition in UVBnormal males whereas there was no relationship in UVBenhanced fish. Our findings reveal that increased UVB levels influence post-mating fitness-relevant traits in males whilst having no significant impact on pre-mating sexual traits, suggesting selective UVB-effects at the gamete level with consequences for reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitt
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marion Mehlis-Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theo C M Bakker
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingolf P Rick
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Núñez-Pons L, Avila C, Romano G, Verde C, Giordano D. UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E336. [PMID: 30223486 PMCID: PMC6165330 DOI: 10.3390/md16090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota-particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones-depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology (Biotech), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italia.
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), 80121 Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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17
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Bridges KN, Krasnec MO, Magnuson JT, Morris JM, Gielazyn ML, Chavez JR, Roberts AP. Influence of variable ultraviolet radiation and oil exposure duration on survival of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2372-2379. [PMID: 29856086 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increases with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The intensity of UV radiation varies within aquatic ecosystems, potentially providing reprieves during which tissue repair may occur. Transient/short-term PAH exposure prior to UV exposure may initiate metabolism/clearance, potentially affecting outcomes. Larval Sciaenops ocellatus were exposed to oil and UV radiation, using either variable photoperiods or pre-UV oil exposure durations. Shorter PAH exposures exhibited greater toxicity, as did exposure to shorter photoperiods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2372-2379. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Bridges
- Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michel L Gielazyn
- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Assessment & Restoration Division, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - J Ruben Chavez
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Division, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences & Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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18
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Cui K, Yan B, Xie Y, Qian H, Wang X, Huang Q, He Y, Jin S, Zeng H. Regenerable urchin-like Fe 3O 4@PDA-Ag hollow microspheres as catalyst and adsorbent for enhanced removal of organic dyes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 350:66-75. [PMID: 29453121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel urchin-like Fe3O4@polydopamine (PDA)-Ag hollow microspheres have been prepared via a facile synthesis method by in situ reduction and growth of Ag nanoparticles on mussel-inspired PDA layers coated on Fe3O4 hollow cores. The catalytic reduction efficiency and adsorption performance of the as-prepared urchin-like Fe3O4@polydopamine (PDA)-Ag hollow microspheres for model organic dyes (i.e., methylene blue and rhodamine B) under varying pH condition have been systematically investigated, which are demonstrated to be significantly enhanced as compared to that of spherical (relatively smooth) solid Fe3O4@PDA-Ag microspheres. The as-prepared urchin-like Fe3O4@PDA-Ag hollow microspheres show high reusability, easy separability, and fast regeneration ability, with no obvious drop in the catalytic and adsorption efficiency after cyclic reuse. The versatile PDA coatings on the urchin-like microspheres allow further surface functionalization for development of multifunctional catalyst and adsorbent materials. This work provides a very useful and facile methodology for synthesizing and tuning the urchin-like morphology of Fe3O4@PDA-Ag microspheres, with great potential applications in catalysis and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixin Cui
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yijun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hui Qian
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Schoolof Material Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qingxue Huang
- Schoolof Material Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuehui He
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengming Jin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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19
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Lawrenz E, Richardson TL. Differential effects of changes in spectral irradiance on photoacclimation, primary productivity and growth in Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyceae) and Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae) in simulated blackwater environments. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:1241-1254. [PMID: 28815594 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The underwater light field in blackwater environments is strongly skewed toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum due to blue light absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Exposure of phytoplankton to full spectrum irradiance occurs only when cells are mixed up to the surface. We studied the potential effects of mixing-induced changes in spectral irradiance on photoacclimation, primary productivity and growth in cultures of the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina and the diatom Skeletonema costatum. We found that these taxa have very different photoacclimation strategies. While S. costatum showed classical complementary chromatic adaption, R. salina showed inverse chromatic adaptation, a strategy previously unknown in the cryptophytes. Transfer of R. salina to periodic full spectrum light (PFSL) significantly enhanced growth rate (μ) by 1.8 times and primary productivity from 0.88 to 1.35 mg C · (mg Chl-1 ) · h-1 . Overall, R. salina was less dependent on PFSL than was S. costatum, showing higher μ and net primary productivity rates. In the high-CDOM simulation, carbon metabolism of the diatom was impaired, leading to suppression of growth rate, short-term 14 C uptake and net primary production. Upon transfer to PFSL, μ of the diatom increased by up to 3-fold and carbon fixation from 2.4 to 6.0 mg C · (mg Chl-1 ) · h-1 . Thus, a lack of PFSL differentially impairs primarily CO2 -fixation and/or carbon metabolism, which, in turn, may determine which phytoplankton dominate the community in blackwater habitats and may therefore influence the structure and function of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Lawrenz
- Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Tammi L Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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Coelho-Souza SA, Jenkins SR, Casarin A, Baeta-Neves MH, Salgado LT, Guimaraes JRD, Coutinho R. The Effect of Light on Bacterial Activity in a Seaweed Holobiont. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:868-876. [PMID: 28624904 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Holobionts are characterized by the relationship between host and their associated organisms such as the biofilm associated with macroalgae. Considering that light is essential to macroalgae survival, the aim of this study was to verify the effect of light on the heterotrophic activity in biofilms of the brown macroalgae Sargassum furcatum during its growth cycle. Measurements of heterotrophic activity were done under natural light levels at different times during a daily cycle and under an artificial extinction of natural light during the afternoon. We also measured Sargassum primary production under these light levels in the afternoon. Both measurements were done with and without photosynthesis inhibitor and antibiotics. Biofilm composition was mainly represented by bacteria but diatoms, cyanobacteria, and other organisms were also common. When a peak of diatom genera was recorded, the heterotrophic activity of the biofilm was higher. Heterotrophic activity was usually highest during the afternoon and the presence of a photosynthesis inhibitor caused an average reduction of 17% but there was no relationship with Sargassum primary production. These results indicate that autotrophic production in the biofilm was reduced by the inhibitor with consequences on bacterial activity. Heterotrophic activity was mainly bacterial and the antibiotics chloramphenicol and penicillin were more effective than streptomycin. We suggest primary producers in the biofilm are more important to increase bacterial activity than the macroalgae itself because of coherence of the peaks of heterotrophic and autotrophic activity in biofilm during the afternoon and the effects of autotrophic inhibitors on heterotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Coelho-Souza
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM-RJ), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (LTWCP/IBCCF/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Bloco Delta, Sala 222, Rua Acturus 03, Jardim Andares, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP: 09606-070, Brazil.
- Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMAR/USP), Rodovia Manoel Hypólito do Rego, km 131,5, São Sebastião, SP, CEP 11612-767, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Casarin
- Instituto de EStudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira - IEAPM/RJ, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo T Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (IPJBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean R D Guimaraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (LTWCP/IBCCF/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM-RJ), Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
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21
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Maraccini PA, Wenk J, Boehm AB. Exogenous indirect photoinactivation of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water with natural and synthetic photosensitizers in simulated sunlight with reduced UVB. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 121:587-97. [PMID: 27207818 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the UVB-independent and exogenous indirect photoinactivation of eight human health-relevant bacterial species in the presence of photosensitizers. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight bacterial species were exposed to simulated sunlight with greatly reduced UVB light intensity in the presence of three synthetic photosensitizers and two natural photosensitizers. Inactivation curves were fit with shoulder log-linear or first-order kinetic models, from which the presence of a shoulder and magnitude of inactivation rate constants were compared. Eighty-four percent reduction in the UVB light intensity roughly matched a 72-95% reduction in the overall bacterial photoinactivation rate constants in sensitizer-free water. With the UVB light mostly reduced, the exogenous indirect mechanism contribution was evident for most bacteria and photosensitizers tested, although most prominently with the Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the importance of UVB light in bacterial photoinactivation and, with the reduction of the UVB light intensity, that the Gram-positive bacteria are more vulnerable to the exogenous indirect mechanism than Gram-negative bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY UVB is the most important range of the sunlight spectrum for bacterial photoinactivation. In aquatic environments where photosensitizers are present and there is high UVB light attenuation, UVA and visible wavelengths can contribute to exogenous indirect photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Maraccini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Wenk
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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Tardu M, Bulut S, Kavakli IH. MerR and ChrR mediate blue light induced photo-oxidative stress response at the transcriptional level in Vibrio cholerae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40817. [PMID: 28098242 PMCID: PMC5241685 DOI: 10.1038/srep40817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light (BL) is a major environmental factor that affects the physiology, behavior, and infectivity of bacteria as it contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while increasing photo-oxidative stress in cells. However, precise photo-oxidative response mechanism in non-phototrophic bacteria is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of BL in Vibrio cholerae by using genetics and transcriptome profiling. Genome-wide analysis revealed that transcription of 6.3% of V. cholerae genes were regulated by BL. We further showed that BL enhances ROS production, which is generated through the oxidative phosphorylation. To understand signaling mechanisms, we generated several knockouts and analyzed their transcriptome under BL exposure. Studies with a double-knockout confirm an anti-sigma factor (ChrR) and putative metalloregulatory-like protein (MerR) are responsible for the genome-wide regulation to BL response in V. cholerae. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MerR-like proteins, in addition to ChrR, are required for V. cholerae to mount an appropriate response against photo-oxidative stress induced by BL. Outside its natural host, V. cholerae can survive for extended periods in natural aquatic environments. Therefore, the regulation of light response for V. cholerae may be a critical cellular process for its survival in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Tardu
- Computational Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Bulut
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Computational Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Lachmann SC, Maberly SC, Spijkerman E. Ecophysiology matters: linking inorganic carbon acquisition to ecological preference in four species of microalgae (Chlorophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:1051-1063. [PMID: 27624741 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of CO2 supply is likely to play an important role in algal ecology. Since inorganic carbon (Ci ) acquisition strategies are very diverse among microalgae and Ci availability varies greatly within and among habitats, we hypothesized that Ci acquisition depends on the pH of their preferred natural environment (adaptation) and that the efficiency of Ci uptake is affected by CO2 availability (acclimation). To test this, four species of green algae originating from different habitats were studied. The pH-drift and Ci uptake kinetic experiments were used to characterize Ci acquisition strategies and their ability to acclimate to high and low CO2 conditions and high and low pH was evaluated. Results from pH drift experiments revealed that the acidophile and acidotolerant Chlamydomonas species were mainly restricted to CO2 , whereas the two neutrophiles were efficient bicarbonate users. CO2 compensation points in low CO2 -acclimated cultures ranged between 0.6 and 1.4 μM CO2 and acclimation to different culture pH and CO2 conditions suggested that CO2 concentrating mechanisms were present in most species. High CO2 acclimated cultures adapted rapidly to low CO2 condition during pH-drifts. Ci uptake kinetics at different pH values showed that the affinity for Ci was largely influenced by external pH, being highest under conditions where CO2 dominated the Ci pool. In conclusion, Ci acquisition was highly variable among four species of green algae and linked to growth pH preference, suggesting that there is a connection between Ci acquisition and ecological distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Elly Spijkerman
- Universität Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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24
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Katagi T. Pesticide behavior in modified water-sediment systems. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2016; 41:121-132. [PMID: 30363119 PMCID: PMC6140654 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d16-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The standardized laboratory water-sediment study in darkness is utilized as primary information on pesticide behavior to assess its ecotoxicological impacts in the edge-of-field water bodies. The half-lives of pesticide in water and sediment are key parameters to predict its environmental concentration, and its metabolic profiles help to avoid overlooking unexpected toxicological impacts from metabolites. However, no consideration of environmental factors such as sunlight and aquatic macrophytes is included, and this may lead to a conservative assessment. We review the experimental factors in the existing standardized design and then the effects of illumination and aquatic macrophytes introduced to the water-sediment system. The effects of temperature and the water-sediment ratio should be investigated in more detail and the pesticide behavior is possibly modified by illumination via photodegradation and/or metabolism in phototrophic microorganisms. Aquatic macrophytes play a major role as an additional sorption site and in further pesticide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Katagi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3–1–98 Kasugadenaka, Konohana-Ku, Osaka 554–8558, Japan
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25
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de Quadros T, Schramm H, Zeni EC, Simioni C, Allodi S, Müller YMR, Ammar D, Nazari EM. Developmental effects of exposure to ultraviolet B radiation on the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersi: Mitochondria as a target of environmental UVB radiation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:279-287. [PMID: 27344016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In South America, increased UVB radiation has become an important environmental issue that is potentially threatening aquatic ecosystems. Considering that species exhibit different degrees of sensitivity to UVB radiation and that embryos are more sensitive than organisms at later life stages, the aim of this study was to characterize the effects of UVB radiation on subcellular compartments of embryos of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersi. This species lives and reproduces in clear and shallow waters, where UV radiation can fully penetrates. Embryos were irradiated with a UVB 6W lamp for 30min and examined after 1h, 12h, 24h and 48h of exposure. The irradiance of the UVB used simulates the UV radiation that embryos receive in the natural environment. The subcellular compartment most affected by the UVB radiation was the mitochondria, which exhibited a circular shape, a decrease in mitochondrial cristae, rupture of membranes and a morphology compatible with fission. These impairments were observed simultaneously with increased ROS production, just after 1h of UVB exposure. Thus, we investigated proteins related to mitochondrial fission (Drp-1) and fusion (Mfn-1), which are essential to cell maintenance. We found a significant increase in Drp-1 expression at all analyzed time-points and a significant decrease in Mfn-1 expression only after 24h of UVB exposure. Additionally, a decrease in embryonic cell viability was verified via the mitochondrial integrity assay. To conclude, we observed important mitochondrial dysfunctions against the environmental stress caused by UVB radiation. Moreover, the cellular responses found are critical and should not be disregarded, because they impact embryos that can potentially compromise the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaline de Quadros
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Schramm
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliane C Zeni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yara M R Müller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dib Ammar
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise M Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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26
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Rayne S, Forest K. Solvation environment effects on the photoisomerization equilibrium of the model tannins catechin and epicatechin as natural sunscreens in aquatic systems. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization equilibrium between the model tannins (-)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in aqueous solution was investigated at the density functional level of theory to gain insights into the action of these compounds as natural sunscreens in aquatic systems. Increasing water temperature, as might be expected on seasonal and diurnal bases, is predicted to shift the equilibrium further in favor of catechin. The isomerization energy between catechin and epicatechin was also considered in a range of polar protic, polar aprotic, apolar protic, and apolar aprotic solvents using the solvation model based on density (SMD) and integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM). The IEFPCM yielded a modest range in isomerization energies depending on solvent polarity or proticity, whereas a substantial variation was observed with the SMD. The SMD results suggest that the solvation environment around catechin and epicatechin will play a major role on the photoisomerization equilibrium between these two compounds. As the freely dissolved monomer in aquatic systems, the catechin–epicatechin photoisomerization equilibrium will be in the range of 11:1 to 14:1. In the less polar environments of associations with dissolved organic matter or within a larger tannin structural framework, the theoretical modeling efforts indicate that the catechin–epicatechin photoisomerization equilibrium could be as low as 3:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Rayne
- Chemologica Research, 38 Calypso Drive, Moose Jaw, SK S6J 1G4, Canada
| | - Kaya Forest
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, 600 Saskatchewan Street West, Moose Jaw, SK S6H 4R4, Canada
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27
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Tardu M, Dikbas UM, Baris I, Kavakli IH. RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptional response to blue and red light in the extremophilic red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:657-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Segovia M, Mata T, Palma A, García-Gómez C, Lorenzo R, Rivera A, Figueroa FL. Dunaliella tertiolecta(Chlorophyta) Avoids Cell Death Under Ultraviolet Radiation By Triggering Alternative Photoprotective Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Segovia
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Teresa Mata
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Armando Palma
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | | | - Rosario Lorenzo
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Alicia Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga; Málaga Spain
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29
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Häder DP, Villafañe VE, Helbling EW. Productivity of aquatic primary producers under global climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1370-92. [PMID: 25191675 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The productivity of aquatic primary producers depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pH, CO2 concentration, temperature, nutrient availability, solar UV and PAR irradiances, mixing frequency as well as herbivore pressure and the presence of viruses, among others. The effects of these factors, within a climate change context, may be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Since some of them, e.g. solar radiation and temperature, vary along a latitudinal gradient, this perspective about the effects of global climate change on primary producers will consider ecosystems individually, separated into polar (Arctic and Antarctic), temperate and tropical waters. As coastal waters are characterized by lower light penetration and higher DOM and nutrient concentrations, they are considered in a separate section. Freshwater systems are also governed by different conditions and therefore also treated in their own section. Overall, we show that although there are general common trends of changes in variables associated with global change (e.g. the impact of UVR on photosynthesis tends to decrease with increasing temperature and nutrient input), the responses of aquatic primary producers have great variability in the different ecosystems across latitudes. This is mainly due to direct or indirect effects associated with physico-chemical changes that occur within water bodies. Therefore we stress the need for regional predictions on the responses of primary producers to climate change as it is not warranted to extrapolate from one system to another.
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30
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Abstract
Biomass derived from marine microalgae and macroalgae is globally recognized as a source of valuable chemical constituents with applications in the agri-horticultural sector (including animal feeds and health and plant stimulants), as human food and food ingredients as well as in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Algal biomass supply of sufficient quality and quantity however remains a concern with increasing environmental pressures conflicting with the growing demand. Recent attempts in supplying consistent, safe and environmentally acceptable biomass through cultivation of (macro- and micro-) algal biomass have concentrated on characterizing natural variability in bioactives, and optimizing cultivated materials through strain selection and hybridization, as well as breeding and, more recently, genetic improvements of biomass. Biotechnological tools including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genomics have recently been extended to algae but, in comparison to microbial or plant biomass, still remain underdeveloped. Current progress in algal biotechnology is driven by an increased demand for new sources of biomass due to several global challenges, new discoveries and technologies available as well as an increased global awareness of the many applications of algae. Algal diversity and complexity provides significant potential provided that shortages in suitable and safe biomass can be met, and consumer demands are matched by commercial investment in product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland,
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31
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Ha SY, Min JO, Joo HM, Chung KH, Shin KH, Yang E, Kang SH. Production rate estimation of mycosporine-like amino acids in two Arctic melt ponds by stable isotope probing with NAH(13) CO3. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:901-907. [PMID: 26988644 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The net carbon uptake rate and net production rate of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were measured in phytoplankton from 2 different melt ponds (MPs; closed and open type pond) in the western Arctic Ocean using a (13) C stable isotope tracer technique. The Research Vessel Araon visited ice-covered western-central basins situated at 82°N and 173°E in the summer of 2012, when Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. The average net carbon uptake rate of the phytoplankton in polycarbonate (PC) bottles in the closed MP was 3.24 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) (SD = ±1.12 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) ), while that in the open MP was 1.3 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) (SD = ±0.05 mg C · m(-3) · h(-1) ). The net production rate of total MAAs in incubated PC bottles was highest (1.44 (SD = ±0.24) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) ) in the open MP and lowest (0.05 (SD = ±0.003) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) ) in the closed MP. The net production rate of shinorine and palythine in incubated PC bottles at the open MP presented significantly high values 0.76 (SD = ±0.12) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) and 0.53 (SD = ±0.06) ng C · L(-1) · h(-1) . Our results showed that high net production rate of MAAs in the open MP was enhanced by a combination of osmotic and UVR stress and that in situ net production rates of individual MAA can be determined using (13) C tracer in MPs in Arctic sea ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Jun-Oh Min
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Joo
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Chung
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Marine Environmental Science Department, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa-3 dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do, 425-791, Korea
| | - EunJin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea
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32
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Polo LK, Felix MRDL, Kreusch M, Pereira DT, Costa GB, Simioni C, Ouriques LC, Chow F, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Bouzon ZL, Schmidt EC. Photoacclimation responses of the brown macroalga Sargassum Cymosum to the combined influence of UV radiation and salinity: cytochemical and ultrastructural organization and photosynthetic performance. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:560-73. [PMID: 24329523 DOI: 10.1111/php.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoacclimation responses of the brown macroalga Sargassum cymosum were studied to determine its cytochemical and ultrastructural organization, as well as photosynthetic pigments and performance. S. cymosum was cultivated in three salinities (30, 35 and 40 psu) under four irradiation treatments: PAR-only, PAR + UVA, PAR + UVB and PAR + UVA + UVB. Plants were exposed to PAR at 70 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), PAR + UVB at 0.35 W m(-2) and PAR +UVA at 0.70 W m(-2) for 3 h per day during 7 days in vitro. Growth rate was not significantly affected by any type of radiation or salinity. The amount of pigments in S. cymosum was significantly influenced by the interaction of salinity and radiation treatments. Compared with PAR-only, UVR treatments modified the kinetics patterns of the photosynthesis/irradiance curve. After exposure to UVR, S. cymosum increased cell wall thickness and the presence of phenolic compounds. The number of mitochondria increased, whereas the number of chloroplasts showed few changes. Although S. cymosum showed insensitivity to changes in salinity, it can be concluded that samples treated under four irradiation regimes showed structural changes, which were more evident, but not severe, under PAR + UVB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz K Polo
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Huang S, Chen L, Te R, Qiao J, Wang J, Zhang W. Complementary iTRAQ proteomics and RNA-seq transcriptomics reveal multiple levels of regulation in response to nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2565-74. [PMID: 23942477 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequential adaptation to environmental stress needs complex regulation at different cellular levels in cyanobacteria. To uncover the regulatory mechanism in response to nitrogen starvation, we investigated the genome-wide correlation between protein abundance and gene expression in a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using complementary quantitative iTRAQ proteomics and RNA-seq transcriptomics. Consistent with the cell growth inhibition, proteomic analysis indicated phase-dependent down-regulation of proteins related to nitrogen metabolism, ribosome complexes, glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles by nitrogen starvation. Transcriptomic analysis also showed that genes related to "Photosynthesis", "Protein synthesis" and "Energy metabolism" were significantly down-regulated by nitrogen starvation. Interestingly, the concordance between protein abundances and their corresponding mRNAs exhibited a functional categories-dependent pattern, with some categories, such as "Protein synthesis" and "Energy metabolism", having a relatively high correlation, while others even with numerous discordant changes in protein-mRNA pairs, indicated divergent regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. In particular, an increased abundance of proteins related to "Photosynthesis" upon nitrogen starvation was found to be reversely correlated with the down-regulation of their corresponding mRNAs. In addition, two metabolic modules highly correlated with nitrogen starvation were identified by a co-expression network analysis, and were found to contain mostly photosynthetic proteins and hypothetical proteins, respectively. We further confirmed the involvement of the photosynthetic genes in nitrogen starvation tolerance by constructing and analyzing the psbV gene deletion mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China.
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Zhou Q, Chen W, Shan K, Zheng L, Song L. Influence of sunlight on the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms and its potential applications in Lake Taihu, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:626-635. [PMID: 25079276 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To learn the relationship between sunlight intensity and cyanobacterial proliferations for the further control of the heavy blooms, enclosure experiment were conducted in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu by regulating the natural light intensities with different shading ratio (0% (full sunlight), 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% of original natural sunlight intensities) from September to November in 2010. The results indicated that phytoplankton biomass (mean) decreased significantly when the shading ratios reached 50% or more. Higher shading ratios (e.g. 75%) were very efficient in controlling the average and total cyanobacterial bloom biomass, while 50% shading ratio was proven very effective either in controlling the peak value of phytoplankton biomass or postponing the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu. In addition, phytoplankton composition and photosynthesis efficiency were also affected by altering the shading ratios, and in turn, they might also act on phytoplankton growth. Based on the results from the present study, intermediate shading strategies such as regulation of water level or turbidity through the hydrology regulations would probably be an effective and efficient method in controlling cyanobacterial blooms in large and shallow lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Kun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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35
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Diston D, Ebdon JE, Taylor HD. Inactivation of bacteriophage infecting Bacteroides strain GB124 using UV-B radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:622-7. [PMID: 24329482 DOI: 10.1111/php.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B radiation (280-320 nm) has long been associated with the inactivation of microorganisms in the natural environment. Determination of the environmental inactivation kinetics of specific indicator organisms [used as tools in the field of microbial source tracking (MST)] is fundamental to their successful deployment, particularly in geographic regions subject to high levels of solar radiation. Phage infecting Bacteroides fragilis host strain GB124 (B124 phage) have been demonstrated to be highly specific indicators of human fecal contamination, but to date, little is known about their susceptibility to UV-B radiation. Therefore, B124 phage (n = 7) isolated from municipal wastewater effluent, were irradiated in a controlled laboratory environment using UV-B collimated beam experiments. All B124 phage suspensions possessed highly similar first order log-linear inactivation profiles and the mean fluence required to inactivate phage by 4 - log(10) was 320 mJ cm(-2). These findings suggest that phage infecting GB124 are likely to be inactivated when exposed to the levels of UV-B solar radiation experienced in a variety of environmental settings. As such, this may limit the utility of such methods for determining more remote inputs of fecal contamination in areas subject to high levels of solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Diston
- Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Köniz, Switzerland
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Rick IP, Mehlis M, Eßer E, Bakker TCM. The influence of ambient ultraviolet light on sperm quality and sexual ornamentation in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Oecologia 2013; 174:393-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horst AM, Vukanti R, Priester JH, Holden PA. An assessment of fluorescence- and absorbance-based assays to study metal-oxide nanoparticle ROS production and effects on bacterial membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1753-1764. [PMID: 22961674 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production and inevitable release of engineered nanoparticles requires rapid approaches to screen for their potential effects in environmental organisms, including bacteria. In bacteria, engineered nanoparticle effects can initiate at the cell membrane, for example by structurally damaging membranes or inhibiting energy transduction. Commercially available fluorescence- and absorbance-based assays could allow for rapidly assaying engineered nanoparticle effects on bacterial membranes, but there are limitations, including that: 1) assays are not currently configured to operate as part of a comprehensive high-throughput screening system, since assay conditions vary widely and formats are mostly high-volume and thus low-throughput, and; 2) engineered nanoparticles can interfere with assay reagents or function, yielding false-negative or -positive outcomes. Here, key assays to study reactive oxygen species (total ROS, and superoxide) production, and impacts on bacterial membrane integrity, membrane potential, and electron transport chain activity, are assessed for their potential use as a comprehensive system to test for nanoparticle effects in bacteria. To address (1), assays are adapted for simultaneous use in 96-well microplates under harmonized conditions. To address (2), a general scheme to test for engineered nanoparticle interferences with assay reagents and function is conceived, and used to study assay interferences by three nanoscale metal-oxides: nano-TiO2 , nano-CeO2 , and nano-ZnO. The results show that the selected assays can be used as a suite, and that nanoparticle interferences, when they occur, can be systematically investigated and often accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Horst
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, Bren Hall, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA.
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Fischer C, Ahlrichs WH, Buma AGJ, van de Poll WH, Bininda-Emonds ORP. How does the 'ancient' asexual Philodina roseola (Rotifera: Bdelloidea) handle potential UVB-induced mutations? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:3090-5. [PMID: 23619410 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Like other obligate asexuals, bdelloid rotifers are expected to suffer from degradation of their genomes through processes including the accumulation of deleterious mutations. However, sequence-based analyses in this regard remain inconclusive. Instead of looking for historical footprints of mutations in these ancient asexuals, we directly examined the susceptibility and ability to repair point mutations by the bdelloid Philodina roseola by inducing cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) via exposure to UVB radiation (280-320 nm). For comparison, we performed analogous experiments with the facultative asexual monogonont rotifer Brachionus rubens. Different strategies were found for the two species. Philodina roseola appeared to shield itself from CPD induction through uncharacterized UV-absorbing compounds and, except for the genome reconstruction that occurs after desiccation, was largely unable to repair UVB-induced damage. By contrast, B. rubens was more susceptible to UVB irradiation, but could repair all induced damage in ~2 h. In addition, whereas UV irradiation had a significant negative impact on the reproductive output of P. roseola, and especially so after desiccation, that of B. rubens was unaffected. Although the strategy of P. roseola might suffice under natural conditions where UVB irradiation is less intense, the lack of any immediate CPD repair mechanisms in this species remains perplexing. It remains to be investigated how typical these results are for bdelloids as a group and therefore how reliant these animals are on desiccation-dependent genome repair to correct potential DNA damage given their obligate asexual lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Fischer
- AG Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, IBU-Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Coelho-Souza SA, Miranda MR, Salgado LT, Coutinho R, Guimaraes JRD. Adaptation of the 3H-leucine incorporation technique to measure heterotrophic activity associated with biofilm on the blades of the seaweed Sargassum spp. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:424-36. [PMID: 22965803 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ecological interaction between microorganisms and seaweeds depends on the production of secondary compounds that can influence microbial diversity in the water column and the composition of reef environments. We adapted the (3)H-leucine incorporation technique to measure bacterial activity in biofilms associated with the blades of the macroalgae Sargassum spp. We evaluated (1) if the epiphytic bacteria on the blades were more active in detritus or in the biofilm, (2) substrate saturation and linearity of (3)H-leucine incorporation, (3) the influence of specific metabolic inhibitors during (3)H-leucine incorporation under the presence or absence of natural and artificial light, and (4) the efficiency of radiolabeled protein extraction. Scanning electron microscopy showed heterogeneous distribution of bacteria, diatoms, and polymeric extracellular secretions. Active bacteria were present in both biofilm and detritus on the blades. The highest (3)H-leucine incorporation was obtained when incubating blades not colonized by macroepibionts. Incubations done under field conditions reported higher (3)H-leucine incorporation than in the laboratory. Light quality and sampling manipulation seemed to be the main factors behind this difference. The use of specific metabolic inhibitors confirmed that bacteria are the main group incorporating (3)H-leucine but their association with primary production suggested a symbiotic relationship between bacteria, diatoms, and the seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Coelho-Souza
- Biotecnologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo-RJ, Brazil.
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Studer A, Cubillos VM, Lamare MD, Poulin R, Burritt DJ. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on an intertidal trematode parasite: an assessment of damage and protection. Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:453-61. [PMID: 22787586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Trematode parasites are integral components of intertidal ecosystems which experience high levels of ultraviolet radiation. Although these parasites mostly live within hosts, their life cycle involves free-living larval transmission stages such as cercariae which are directly exposed to ambient conditions. UV has previously been shown to considerably reduce the survival of cercariae. Here, we investigated potential mechanisms of protection and damage related to UV in the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis. Firstly, the presence of sunscreen compounds (i.e. mycosporine-like amino acids) was quantified in the parasite tissue producing cercariae within a snail host, as well as in the free-swimming cercariae themselves. Secondly, levels of oxidative stress in cercariae after exposure to UV were investigated (i.e.protein carbonyls, catalase and superoxide dismutase). Thirdly, the DNA damage (i.e. cyclobutane–pyrimidine dimers) was compared between cercariae exposed and not exposed to UV. Lastly, functional aspects(survival and infectivity) of cercariae were assessed, comparing cercariae under light conditions versus dark after exposure to UV. We confirmed the presence of my cosporine-like amino acids in cercariae-producing tissue from within snail hosts, but were unable to do so in cercariae directly. Results further suggested that exposure to UV induced high levels of oxidative stress in cercariae which was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of protective antioxidant enzymes present. We also identified higher levels of DNA damage in cercariae exposed to UV, compared with those not exposed. Moreover, no clear effect of light condition was found on survival and infectivity of cercariae after exposure to UV. We concluded that cercariae are highly susceptible to UV damage and that they have very little scope for protection against or repair of UV-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Studer
- Department of Zoology, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Production of mycosporine-like amino acids of in situ phytoplankton community in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 114:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Torres Nuñez E, Sobrino C, Neale PJ, Ceinos RM, Du S, Rotllant J. Molecular response to ultraviolet radiation exposure in fish embryos: implications for survival and morphological development. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:701-7. [PMID: 22242699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UVR exposure is known to cause developmental defects in a variety of organisms including aquatic species but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this work we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model system to characterize the UVR effects on fish species. Larval viability was measured for embryos exposed to several UVR spectral treatments by using a solar simulator lamp and an array of UV cutoff filters under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Survival rate and occurrence of development abnormalities, mainly caudal (posterior) notochord bending/torsion, were seriously affected in UV-exposed larvae reaching values of 53% and 72%, respectively, compared with non-UV-exposed larvae after 6 days postfertilization (dpf). In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, a matricellular glycoprotein named osteonectin and the expression of a DNA-repair related gene, p53, were studied in relation to UVR exposure. The results indicate that osteonectin and p53 expression were increased under UVR exposure due to wavelengths shorter than 335 nm (i.e. mainly UVB) and 350 nm (i.e. short UVA and UVB), respectively. Furthermore, parallel experiments with microinjections of osteonectin-capped RNA showed that malformations induced by osteonectin overexpression were similar to those observed after a UVR exposure. Consequently this study shows a potential role of osteonectin in morphological deformities induced by solar UV radiation in zebrafish embryos.
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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the transmission process of an intertidal trematode parasite. Parasitology 2012; 139:537-46. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe transmission of parasites takes place under exposure to a range of fluctuating environmental factors, one being the changing levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Here, we investigated the effects of ecologically relevant levels of UVR on the transmission of the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis from its first intermediate snail host (Zeacumantus subcarinatus) to its second intermediate amphipod host (Paracalliope novizealandiae). We assessed the output of parasite transmission stages (cercariae) from infected snail hosts, the survival and infectivity of cercariae, the susceptibility of amphipod hosts to infection (laboratory experiments) and the survival of infected and uninfected amphipod hosts (outdoor experiment) when exposed to photo-synthetically active radiation only (PAR, 400–700 nm; no UV), PAR+UVA (320–700 nm) or PAR+UVA+UVB (280–700 nm). Survival of cercariae and susceptibility of amphipods to infection were the only two steps significantly affected by UVR. Survival of cercariae decreased strongly in a dose-dependent manner, while susceptibility of amphipods increased after exposure to UVR for a prolonged period. Exposure to UVR thus negatively affects both the parasite and its amphipod host, and should therefore be considered an influential component in parasite transmission and host-parasite interactions in intertidal ecosystems.
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Choi SJ, Kwon TH, Im H, Moon DI, Baek DJ, Seol ML, Duarte JP, Choi YK. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge for the selective absorption of oil from water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4552-6. [PMID: 22077378 DOI: 10.1021/am201352w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a sugar-templated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge for the selective absorption of oil from water. The process for fabricating the PDMS sponge does not require any intricate synthesis processes or equipment and it is not environmentally hazardous, thus promoting potential in environmental applications. The proposed PDMS sponge can be elastically deformed into any shape, and it can be compressed repeatedly in air or liquids without collapsing. Therefore, absorbed oils and organic solvents can be readily removed and reused by simply squeezing the PDMS sponge, enabling excellent recyclability. Furthermore, through appropriately combining various sugar particles, the absorption capacity of the PDMS sponge is favorably optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Understanding UV-driven metabolism in the hypersaline ciliate Fabrea salina. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 41:107-14. [PMID: 22094926 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
By using NMR spectroscopy, a non-invasive investigation technique, we performed in vivo experiments aimed at uncovering the metabolic pathways involved in the early response of Fabrea salina cells to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This hypersaline ciliate was chosen as a model organism because of its well-known high resistance to UV radiation. Identical cell samples were exposed to visible radiation only (control samples, CS) and to UV-B + UV-A + visible radiation (treated samples, TS), and NMR spectra of in vivo cells were collected at different exposure times. Resonances were identified through one- and two-dimensional experiments. To compare experiments performed at variable irradiation times on different culture batches, metabolite signals affected by the UV exposure were normalized to corresponding intensity at τ = 0, the zero exposure time. The most affected metabolites are all osmoprotectants, namely, choline, glycine-betaine, betaines, ectoine, proline, α-trehalose and sucrose. The time course of these signals presents qualitative differences between CS and TS, and most of these osmoprotectants tend to accumulate significantly in TS in a UV dose-dependent manner. A picture of the immediate stress response of F. salina against UV radiation in terms of osmoprotection, water retention and salting-out prevention is described.
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Chavez-Dozal A, Nishiguchi MK. Variation in biofilm formation among symbiotic and free-living strains of Vibrio fischeri. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:452-8. [PMID: 21656812 PMCID: PMC3815655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Persistence and survival under various environmental stresses has been attributed to the capacity of most bacteria to form biofilms. In aquatic environments, the symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri survives variable abiotic conditions during its free-living stage that dictates its ability to colonize the squid host. In the present study, the influence of different abiotic factors such as salt concentration, temperature, static/dynamic conditions, and carbon source availability were tested to determine whether biofilm formation occurred in 26 symbiotic and free-living V. fischeri strains. Statistical analysis indicate that most strains examined were strong biofilm producers under salinity concentrations that ranged between 1-5%, mesophilic temperatures (25-30 °C) and static conditions. Moreover, free-living strains are generally better biofilm formers than the symbiotically competent ones. Geographical location (strain origin) also correlated with biofilm formation. These findings provide evidence that abiotic growth conditions are important for determining whether mutualistic V. fischeri have the capacity to produce complex biofilms, allowing for increased competency and specificity during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Chavez-Dozal
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, USA
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Echeveste P, Agustí S, Dachs J. Cell size dependence of additive versus synergetic effects of UV radiation and PAHs on oceanic phytoplankton. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1307-1316. [PMID: 21330023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons' (PAHs) toxicity is enhanced by the presence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which levels have arisen due to the thinning of the ozone layer. In this study, PAHs' phototoxicity for natural marine phytoplankton was tested. Different concentrations of a mixture of 16 PAHs were added to natural phytoplankton communities from the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern Oceans and exposed to natural sunlight received in situ, including treatments where the UVR bands were removed. PAHs' toxicity was observed for all the phytoplankton groups studied in all the waters and treatments tested, but only for the pico-sized group a synergetic effect of the mixture and UVR was observed (p=0.009). When comparing phototoxicity in phytoplankton from oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, synergy was only observed at the oligotrophic communities (p=0.02) where pico-sized phytoplankton dominated. The degree of sensitivity was related to the trophic degree, decreasing as Chlorophyll a concentration increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Echeveste
- Department of Global Change Research, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain.
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Marangoni R, Paris D, Melck D, Fulgentini L, Colombetti G, Motta A. In vivo NMR metabolic profiling of Fabrea salina reveals sequential defense mechanisms against ultraviolet radiation. Biophys J 2011; 100:215-24. [PMID: 21190674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrea salina is a hypersaline ciliate that is known to be among the strongest ultraviolet (UV)-resistant microorganisms; however, the molecular mechanisms of this resistance are almost unknown. By means of in vivo NMR spectroscopy, we determined the metabolic profile of living F. salina cells exposed to visible light and to polychromatic UV-B + UV-A + Vis radiation for several different exposure times. We used unsupervised pattern-recognition analysis to compare these profiles and discovered some metabolites whose concentration changed specifically upon UV exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. This variation was interpreted in terms of a two-phase cell reaction involving at least two different pathways: an early response consisting of degradation processes, followed by a late response activating osmoprotection mechanisms. The first step alters the concentration of formate, acetate, and saturated fatty-acid metabolites, whereas the osmoprotection modifies the activity of betaine moieties and other functionally related metabolites. In the latter pathway, alanine, proline, and sugars suggest a possible incipient protein synthesis as defense and/or degeneration mechanisms. We conclude that NMR spectroscopy on in vivo cells is an optimal approach for investigating the effect of UV-induced stress on the whole metabolome of F. salina because it minimizes the invasiveness of the measurement.
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Zhang Y, Yin Y, Zhang E, Zhu G, Liu M, Feng L, Qin B, Liu X. Spectral attenuation of ultraviolet and visible radiation in lakes in the Yunnan Plateau, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:469-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ha SY, Kang SW, Park MO, Kim YN, Kang SH, Shin KH. Photoinduction of UV-absorbing Compounds and Photo-protective Pigment in Phaeocystis pouchetii and Porosira glacialis by UV Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4217/opr.2010.32.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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