1
|
Ayyachi T, Pappalardo D, Finne‐Wistrand A. Defining the role of linoleic acid in acrylic bone cement. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thayanithi Ayyachi
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Università del Sannio Benevento Italy
| | - Anna Finne‐Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rezende LG, Tasso TT, Candido PHS, Baptista MS. Assessing Photosensitized Membrane Damage: Available Tools and Comprehensive Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:572-590. [PMID: 34931324 DOI: 10.1111/php.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are important targets of the photosensitized oxidation reactions, forming important signaling molecules, disorganizing and permeabilizing membranes, and consequently inducing a variety of biological responses. Although the initial steps of the photosensitized oxidative damage in lipids are known to occur by both Type I and Type II mechanisms, the progression of the peroxidation reaction, which leads to important end-point biological responses, is poorly known. There are many experimental tools used to study the products of lipid oxidation, but neither the methods nor their resulting observations were critically compared. In this article, we will review the tools most frequently used and the key concepts raised by them in order to rationalize a comprehensive model for the initiation and the progression steps of the photoinduced lipid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rezende
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Candido
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Yu K, Zhang H, He J, Jiang J, Luo H. Mass spectrometric detection of fleeting neutral intermediates generated in electrochemical reactions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9494-9499. [PMID: 34349924 PMCID: PMC8278903 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards the goal of on-line monitoring of transient neutral intermediates during electrochemical reactions, an electrochemistry-neutral reionization-mass spectrometry (EC-NR-MS) technique was developed in this work. The EC-NR setup consisted of a customized EC flow cell, a sonic spray ionization source, a heating tube, an ion deflector and an electrospray ionization source, which were respectively used for the precise control of the electrochemical reaction, solution nebulization, droplet desolvation, ion deflection and neutral intermediate ionization. Based on the EC-NR-MS approach, some long-sought neutral radicals including TPrA˙, DBAE˙ and TEOA˙, which belong to important reductive intermediates in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reactions, were successfully identified which helps to clarify the previously unproven ECL reaction mechanism. These findings were also supported by spin-trapping experiments and the tandem MS technique. Accordingly, the EC-NR-MS method provides a direct solution for studying complicated electrochemical reactions, especially for detecting short-lived neutral radicals as well as ionic intermediates. An electrochemistry-neutral reionization-mass spectrometry (EC-NR-MS) technique was developed for on-line studying the long-sought neutral radicals generated in electrochemical reactions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Liu
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Shandong 150090 China .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Shandong 150090 China .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Shandong 150090 China .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China
| | - Jing He
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Shandong 150090 China .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai Shandong 150090 China .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150090 China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Hai Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Wang Y, Cao P, Liu Y. Thermal Oxidation Rate of Oleic Acid Increased Dramatically at 140 °C Studied using Electron Spin Resonance and GC–MS/MS. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilsee Joint LaboratoryJinan University Guangdong 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Peirang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Giorio C, Campbell SJ, Bruschi M, Tampieri F, Barbon A, Toffoletti A, Tapparo A, Paijens C, Wedlake AJ, Grice P, Howe DJ, Kalberer M. Online Quantification of Criegee Intermediates of α-Pinene Ozonolysis by Stabilization with Spin Traps and Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry Detection. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3999-4008. [PMID: 28201872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic alkenes, which are among the most abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, are readily oxidized by ozone. Characterizing the reactivity and kinetics of the first-generation products of these reactions, carbonyl oxides (often named Criegee intermediates), is essential in defining the oxidation pathways of organic compounds in the atmosphere but is highly challenging due to the short lifetime of these zwitterions. Here, we report the development of a novel online method to quantify atmospherically relevant Criegee intermediates (CIs) in the gas phase by stabilization with spin traps and analysis with proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Ozonolysis of α-pinene has been chosen as a proof-of-principle model system. To determine unambiguously the structure of the spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs, the reaction was tested in solution, and reaction products were characterized with high-resolution mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that addition of the Criegee intermediate to the DMPO spin trap, leading to the formation of a six-membered ring adduct, occurs through a very favorable pathway and that the product is significantly more stable than the reactants, supporting the experimental characterization. A flow tube set up has been used to generate spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs in the gas phase. We demonstrate that spin trap adducts with α-pinene CIs also form in the gas phase and that they are stable enough to be detected with online mass spectrometry. This new technique offers for the first time a method to characterize highly reactive and atmospherically relevant radical intermediates in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Claudia Paijens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Wedlake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Grice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glycosphingolipids and oxidative stress: Evaluation of hydroxyl radical oxidation of galactosyl and lactosylceramides using mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 191:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Simões C, Domingues P, Domingues MRM. Identification of free radicals in oxidized and glycoxidized phosphatidylethanolamines by spin trapping combined with tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:931-939. [PMID: 22396029 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nonenzymatic glycation of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) seems to a have a role in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Glycated PEs are more easily oxidized, enhancing oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the influence of glycation on the formation of intermediate radical species during oxidation of glycated PEs. METHODS In the present study, the radical intermediaries formed during the oxidation of palmitoyl-lineoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PLPE) and glycated PLPE (gPLPE) were trapped using a spin trap (DMPO) and the radical adducts were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Mass spectra were acquired using a electrospray Q-TOF 2 mass spectrometer. RESULTS Several spin adducts of PLPE and gPLPE were identified, corresponding to carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals. Interpretation of the MS/MS spectra showed the existence of different sites where radical formation occurred, at the sn-2 acyl chain, ethanolamine moiety (particularly in C-1) and, in the case of glycated derivatives, also in the glucose moiety (particularly in C-3, C-4 and C-5). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested the presence of more sites susceptible to oxidation in glycated PLPE, which may be responsible for the increase in the oxidative reaction rate occurring in glycated compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Simões
- Mass Spectrometry Center, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zoia L, Perazzini R, Crestini C, Argyropoulos DS. Understanding the radical mechanism of lipoxygenases using 31P NMR spin trapping. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3022-8. [PMID: 21474321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we use our quantitative (31)P NMR spin trapping methods, already developed for simple oxygen- and carbon-centered radicals, to understand the radical intermediates generated by enzymatic systems and more specifically lipoxygenases. Our methodology rests on the fact that free radicals react with the nitroxide phosphorus compound, 5-diisopropoxy-phosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DIPPMPO), to form stable radical adducts, which are suitably detected and accurately quantified using (31)P NMR in the presence of a phosphorus containing internal standard. This system was thus applied to better understand the mechanism of enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenases-1 (LOX). The total amount of radicals trapped by DIPPMPO was detected by (31)P NMR at different experimental conditions. In particular the effect of dioxygen concentration on the amount of radicals being trapped was studied. At low dioxygen concentration, a huge increase of radicals trapped was observed with respect to the amount of radicals being trapped at normal dioxygen concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zoia
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Domingues P, Fonseca C, Reis A, Domingues MRM. Identification of isomeric spin adducts of Leu-Tyr and Tyr-Leu free radicals using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Conceição Fonseca
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - M. Rosário M. Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre; Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Influence of amino acid relative position on the oxidative modification of histidine and glycine peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2779-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Zoia L, Argyropoulos DS. Characterization of free radical spin adducts of the DIPPMPO using mass spectrometry and (31)P NMR. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:175-185. [PMID: 20212327 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
5-Diisopropyloxy-phosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DIPPMPO) was used to trap a variety of free radicals and the stable compounds generated by the natural decomposition of the initially formed spin adducts were characterized by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. Initially, the starting spin trap DIPPMPO was completely characterized using GC-MS and its fragmentation pathway was studied in detail. Then, DIPPMPO was used to trap an oxygen-centered free radical (the hydroxyl radical *OH) and two carbon- centered free radicals (methyl *CH(3) and 1-phenyl-ethanol-1-yl *CCH(3)(OH)Ph radicals). The (31)P NMR signals were thus assigned and the structures of adducts were studied and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Overall, the fragmentation pathways of the radical adducts proceed mainly via the loss of the diisopropyloxy(oxido)phosphoranyl radical. For the specific case of trapping *OH radicals, it is possible to visualize the rearrangement of the nitroxide radical adduct to its nitrone form as invoked in the literature. This spin trapping technique, coupled with (31)P NMR and MS, provides a tool for the identification of short-lived and low molecular weight free radicals present in a variety of processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zoia
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Manuel Oliveira M, Domingues P. Detection and characterization of cyclic hydroxylamine adducts by mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:481-91. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Reis A, Domingues P, Ferrer-Correia AJV, Domingues MRM. Identification of free radicals of glycerophosphatidylcholines containing ω-6 fatty acids using spin trapping coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:432-43. [PMID: 17454125 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalysed radical oxidation of diacyl-glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPC) with omega-6 acyl polyunsaturated fatty acids (PAPC, palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine and PLPC, palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine) was studied. Free radical oxidation products were trapped by spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide (DMPO) and identified by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). The spin adducts of oxidised GPC containing one and two oxygen atoms and one and two DMPO molecules were observed as doubly charged ions. Structural characterisation by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of these ions revealed product ions corresponding to loss of the acyl chains (sn-1-palmitoyl and sn-2-oxidised spin adduct of lineloyl or arachidonoyl), loss of the spin trap (DMPO) and product ions attributed to oxidised sn-2 fatty acid spin adduct (lineloyl and arachidonoyl). Product ions formed by homolytic cleavages near the spin trap and also from 1,4 hydrogen elimination cleavages involving the hydroxy group in the sn-2 fatty acid spin adduct allowed to infer the nature of the radical. Altogether, the presence of GPC hydroxy-alkyl/DMPO and hydroxy-alkoxyl/DMPO spin adducts was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fonseca C, Domingues MRM, Simões C, Amado F, Domingues P. Reactivity of Tyr-Leu and Leu-Tyr dipeptides: identification of oxidation products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:681-693. [PMID: 19125397 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of peptides and proteins to reactive hydroxyl radicals results in covalent modifications of amino acid side-chains and protein backbone. In this study we have investigated the oxidation the isomeric peptides tyrosine-leucine (YL) and leucine-tyrosine (LY), by the hydroxyl radical formed under Fenton reaction (Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)). Through mass spectrometry (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS(n)) measurements, we have identified and characterized the oxidation products of these two dipeptides. This approach allowed observing and identifying a wide variety of oxidation products, including isomeric forms of the oxidized dipeptides. We detected oxidation products with 1, 2, 3 and 4 oxygen atoms for both peptides; however, oxidation products with 5 oxygen atoms were only present in LY. LY dipeptide oxidation leads to more isomers with 1 and 2 oxygen atoms than YL (3 vs 5 and 4 vs 5, respectively). Formation of the peroxy group occurred preferentially in the C-terminal residue. We have also detected oxidation products with double bonds or keto groups, dimers (YL-YL and LY-LY) and other products as a result of cross-linking. Both amino acids in the dipeptides were oxidized although the peptides showed different oxidation products. Also, amino acid residues have shown different oxidation products depending on the relative position on the dipeptide. Results suggest that amino acids in the C-terminal position are more prone to oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ronsein GE, de Oliveira MCB, de Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Characterization of O(2) ((1)delta(g))-derived oxidation products of tryptophan: a combination of tandem mass spectrometry analyses and isotopic labeling studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:188-197. [PMID: 18824374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation mechanisms of singlet oxygen [O(2) ((1)Delta(g))]-derived oxidation products of tryptophan (W) were analyzed using collision-induced dissociation coupled with (18)O-isotopic labeling experiments and accurate mass measurements. The five identified oxidized products, namely two isomeric alcohols (trans and cis WOH), two isomeric hydroperoxides (trans and cis WOOH), and N-formylkynurenine (FMK), were shown to share some common fragment ions and losses of small neutral molecules. Conversely, each oxidation product has its own fragmentation mechanism and intermediates, which were confirmed by (18)O-labeling studies. Isomeric WOH lost mainly H(2)O + CO, while WOOH showed preferential elimination of C(2)H(5)NO(3) by two distinct mechanisms. Differences in the spatial arrangement of the two isomeric WOHs led to differences in the intensities of the fragment ions. The same behavior was also found for trans and cis WOOH. FMK was shown to dissociate by a diverse range of mechanisms, with the loss of ammonia the most favored route. MS/MS analyses, (18)O-labeling, and H(2)(18)O experiments demonstrated the ability of FMK to exchange its oxygen atoms with water. Moreover, this approach also revealed that the carbonyl group has more pronounced oxygen exchange ability compared with the formyl group. The understanding of fragmentation mechanisms involved in O(2) ((1)Delta(g))-mediated oxidation of W provides a useful step toward the structural characterization of oxidized peptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reis A, Domingues MRM, Oliveira MM, Domingues P. Identification of free radicals by spin trapping with DEPMPO and MCPIO using tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:689-703. [PMID: 19940335 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of a pyrroline (DEPMPO) and an imidazole (MCPIO) spin trap for the detection of hydroxyl and biomolecule (a peptide and a phospholipid) free radical adducts by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The hydroxyl and biomolecule free radical adducts were detected using a QTOF and a linear ion trap (LIT) mass spectrometers. In the presence of hydroxyl radical, the mass spectrum obtained for each of the spin traps, DEPMPO and MCPIO, showed the presence of ions that could be attributed to hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. Further characterisation by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) revealed also the presence of hydroxy-hydroxyl adducts. Based on the results here described, we show that DEPMPO is a better spin trap for free radicals trapping and detection by mass spectrometry mainly because adducts show increased signal intensity. The ESI-MS spectra obtained for DEPMPO and MCPIO in the presence of biomolecule radicals (peptide and phospholipid) show molecular ions of DEPMPO and MCPIO adducts, which were characterised by tandem mass spectrometry. Both carbon centered radicals and oxygen centered radicals were efficiently trapped by the two spin traps and analysis of QTOF-MS/MS mass spectra allowed the location of the radical position in either the peptide or in the phospholipid fatty acyl chain. However, the tandem mass spectra of MCPIO adducts were more informative than DEPMPO adducts. The LIT-MS/MS spectra only shows typical peptide and phospholipid fragmentation, which difficult the structural characterisation of the spin adduct. In this study, the DEPMPO and MCPIO adducts were identified either in the nitrone or in the hydroxylamine form, which are ESR silent forms. The results described here show that both spin traps coupled with detection by mass spectrometry are valuable tools for trapping radicals of biomolecules. Furthermore, the acquired data provide valuable information on the presence of adducts (hydroxyl and biomolecule) that are Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) silent. This is especially important considering the complexity of the radical species in biological environment and the presence of reducing compounds that convert the spin adducts to silent ESR forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Szuchman A, Aviram M, Musa R, Khatib S, Vaya J. Characterization of oxidative stress in blood from diabetic vs. hypercholesterolaemic patients, using a novel synthesized marker. Biomarkers 2008; 13:119-31. [PMID: 17852078 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701614556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we extend our novel concept of designing and using exogenous markers for the characterization of oxidative stress (OS) and OS-associated diseases. The aim was to use such a synthetic compound as a tool for studying OS in blood from diabetic and hypercholesterolaemic (Hc) patients. The marker used N-linoleoyl tyrosine (LT) was constructed from tyrosine and linoleic acid (LA); both components are known to be easily oxidized upon exposure to different types of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and to generate specific oxidized products, depending on the type of oxidants present in vivo. Using the LT probe, we showed that the ratios of oxidized LT to total LT (Ox-LT/LT) is significantly higher in blood samples obtained from diabetic patients, than in Hc patients or healthy control subjects. LC/MS analysis revealed that blood from diabetic patients oxidizes the marker with predominant formation of Ox-LT hydroperoxide (LT-OOH) and epoxide (epoxy-LT), where the LA moiety is oxidized to hydroperoxide and to epoxide, respectively. Analysis of oxysterol levels in these samples (GC/MS) revealed that the blood of both diabetic and Hc patients contained significantly more oxysterols than blood of control subjects. Consumption of pomegranate juice by diabetic patients for 3 months suppressed their blood capacity to oxidize the LT and similarly also reduced their blood oxysterol/total cholesterol ratio by 93%. The use of an exogenous marker to characterize OS in blood samples yields important information on the extent of OS, and can provide a fingerprint for the early identification of different pathological conditions associated with OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szuchman
- The Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Compounds, Migal-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fonseca C, Domingues P, Reis A, Domingues MRM. Identification of leucine-enkephalin radical oxidation products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:947-59. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Schäfer M, Drayß M, Springer A, Zacharias P, Meerholz K. Radical Cations in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: Formation of Open‐Shell Species, Examination of the Fragmentation Behaviour in ESI‐MS
n
and Reaction Mechanism Studies by Detection of Transient Radical Cations. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schäfer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Miriam Drayß
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Andreas Springer
- Department of Chemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Zacharias
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Domingues P. Radical peroxidation of palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphocholine liposomes: Identification of long-chain oxidised products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 855:186-99. [PMID: 17540625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine oxidation products (PL(O(1-6))PC). Structural and positional isomers of keto, hydroxy and/or epoxy, and hydroperoxide derivatives of PLPC were identified based on MS/MS data, namely product ions attributed to lyso-phosphatidylcholines, product ions formed by loss of nH(2)O and H(2)O(2) from [MH](+) ions groups, and product ions involving the hydroxy groups, providing information about the position of these groups and of the double bonds along the carbon chain of lineloyl moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jushchyshyn MI, Wahlstrom JL, Hollenberg PF, Wienkers LC. Mechanism of inactivation of human cytochrome P450 2B6 by phencyclidine. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1523-9. [PMID: 16782764 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.010579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the observed inactivation of human P450 2B6 by phencyclidine (PCP) has been evaluated over the past 2 decades. The scope of the current investigation was to contribute to the fundamental knowledge of PCP oxidation and perhaps the mechanism behind P450 inactivation. To study the chemistry of PCP oxidation, we subjected PCP to the Fenton reagent. Under Fenton chemistry conditions, oxidation on all three PCP rings was observed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). When PCP was incubated with the Fenton system in the presence of glutathione (GSH), three GSH-PCP conjugates were identified. Subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis of these conjugates revealed two species that had GSH attached to the cyclohexane ring of PCP and a third conjugate in which GSH was adducted to the piperidine ring. When PCP was incubated across a panel of P450 enzymes, several enzymes, including P450s 2D6 and 3A4, were able to catalyze the formation of the PCP iminium ion, whereas P450s 2B6 and 2C19 were exclusively able to hydroxylate secondary carbons on the cyclohexane ring of PCP. Subsequent mechanistic experiments revealed that only P450s 2B6 and 2C19 demonstrated loss of catalytic activity after preincubation with 10 microM PCP. Finally, investigation of P450 2B6 inactivation using structural analogs of PCP revealed that blocking the para-carbon atom on the cyclohexane ring of PCP from oxidation protected the P450 2B6 from inactivation, which suggests that a reactive intermediate generated during the hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring may be linked to the mechanism of inactivation of P450 2B6 by PCP.
Collapse
|
22
|
Koshiishi I, Tsuchida K, Takajo T, Komatsu M. Quantification of lipid alkyl radicals trapped with nitroxyl radical via HPLC with postcolumn thermal decomposition. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2506-13. [PMID: 16106053 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d500006-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid alkyl radicals generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids via chemical or enzymatic H-abstraction have been a pathologically important target to quantify. In the present study, we established a novel method for the quantification of lipid alkyl radicals via nitroxyl radical spin-trapping. These labile lipid alkyl radicals were converted into nitroxyl radical-lipid alkyl radical adducts using 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-N-oxyl (CmdeltaP) (a partition coefficient between octanol and water is approximately 3) as a spin-trapping agent. The resulting CmdeltaP-lipid alkyl radical adducts were determined by HPLC with postcolumn online thermal decomposition, in which the adducts were degraded into nitroxyl radicals by heating at 100 degrees C for 2 min. The resulting nitroxyl radicals were selectively and sensitively detected by electrochemical detection. With the present method, we, for the first time, determined the lipid alkyl radicals generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid via soybean lipoxygenase-1 or the radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Koshiishi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Trommer H, Neubert RHH. The examination of polysaccharides as potential antioxidative compounds for topical administration using a lipid model system. Int J Pharm 2005; 298:153-63. [PMID: 15955644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was the detection of polysaccharides with antioxidative properties as potential lipid protectors for topical administration. The effects of eight different polysaccharides on UV irradiation induced lipid peroxidation were investigated in a concentration dependent manner. An aqueous linolenic acid dispersion was used as an in vitro test system to examine the influences of acacia gum, agar agar, alginic acid, guar gum, novelose 330 and xanthan gum on the lipid peroxidation level after UV exposure. Four different samples of pectin and locust bean gum resulting from a swing mill grinding series were tested as well. Iron ions were added as transition metal catalysts. A UV irradiation device was used to create high level radiation. The amount of lipid peroxidation secondary products was quantified by the thiobarbituric acid assay detecting malondialdehyde. All of the tested polysaccharides showed antioxidative effects at least at one concentration. For acacia and xanthan gum, a concentration dependency of the protective effects was measured. The samples of agar agar, guar gum and novelose 330 acted antioxidatively without showing any concentration dependency. For alginic acid, prooxidative effects were determined. A correlation between grinding time and the effects of pectin and locust bean gum on the model lipid was not observed. The administration of lipid protective polysaccharides in cosmetic formulations or sunscreens could be helpful for the protection of the human skin against UV induced damage. In vivo experiments with the lipid protective polysaccharides found in this study should follow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Trommer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Ferrer-Correia AJV, Domingues P. Identification of linoleic acid free radicals and other breakdown products using spin trapping with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:109-18. [PMID: 15981198 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid radical products formed by radical reaction (Fenton conditions) were trapped using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide (DMPO) and analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The linoleic acid radical species detected as DMPO spin adducts comprised oxidized linoleic acid and short-chain radical species that resulted from the breakdown of carbon and oxygen centred radicals. Based on the m/z values, the short-chain products were identified as alkyl and carboxylic acid DMPO radical adducts that exhibited different elution times. The ions identified as DMPO radical adducts were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS spectra of linoleic acid DMPO radical adducts exhibited the fragment ion at m/z 114 and/or the loss of neutral molecule of 113 Da (DMPO) or 131 Da (DMPO + H2O), indicated to be DMPO adducts. The short-chain products identified allowed inference of the radical oxidation along the linoleic acid chain by abstraction of hydrogen atoms in carbon atoms ranging from C-8 to C-14. Other ions containing the fragment ion at m/z 114 in the LC-MS/MS spectra were attributed to DMPO adducts of unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxy-aldehydes and oxocarboxylic acids. The identification of aldehydic products formed by radical oxidation of linoleic acid peroxidation products, as short-chain product DMPO adducts, is a means of identifying lipid peroxidation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reis A, Domingues P, Ferrer-Correia AJV, Domingues MRM. Fragmentation study of short-chain products derived from oxidation of diacylphosphatidylcholines by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: identification of novel short-chain products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2004; 18:2849-2858. [PMID: 15517554 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lineloyl-palmitoyl (PLPC) and arachidonoyl-palmitoyl (PAPC) phosphatidylcholine were oxidized under Fenton reaction conditions (H2O2 and Fe2+), and the short-chain products formed were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The short-chain products resulted from beta-cleavage of oxygen-centered radicals and comprised aldehydes, hydroxyaldehydes and dicarboxylic acids that yielded both [MH]+ and [MNa]+ ions. The fragmentation of the [MH]+ and [MNa]+ ions of the peroxidation products was studied by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The MS/MS spectra of both ions showed ions resulting from characteristic losses of glycerophosphatidylcholine. Other product ions, resulting from C-C cleavages occurring in the vicinity of the functional group, and fragmentations involving the hydroxy groups, were the most informative since they allowed us to obtain structural information relating to the sn-2 acyl residue. Both fragmentation pathways are due to charge-remote fragmentation occurring by a 1,4-hydrogen elimination mechanism and/or by homolytic cleavage. Furthermore, the fragmentation pathway of some ions observed in the ESI-MS spectrum was not consistent with the fragmentation behavior expected for some of the short-chain species identified in the literature and allowed the reassignment of the ions as different structures. Isobaric ions were observed in the ESI-MS spectra of both oxidized phospholipids, and were differentiated based on distinct fragmentation. The detailed knowledge of lipid peroxidation degradation products is of major importance and should be very valuable in providing new markers for oxidative stress signaling and for disease states monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|