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Wang S, Yi X, Zhang L, Ali MM, Ke M, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Cai X, Fang S, Wu J, Lin Z, Chen F. Characterisation and Expression Analysis of LdSERK1, a Somatic Embryogenesis Gene in Lilium davidii var. unicolor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1495. [PMID: 38891306 PMCID: PMC11174594 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is a variant of the Sichuan lily of the lily family and is a unique Chinese 'medicinal and food' sweet lily. Somatic cell embryogenesis of Lilium has played an important role in providing technical support for germplasm conservation, bulb propagation and improvement of genetic traits. Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) are widely distributed in plants and have been shown to play multiple roles in plant life, including growth and development, somatic embryogenesis and hormone induction. Integrating the results of KEGG enrichment, GO annotation and gene expression analysis, a lily LdSERK1 gene was cloned. The full-length open reading frame of LdSERK1 was 1875 bp, encoding 624 amino acids. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LdSERK1 was highly similar to rice, maize and other plant SERKs. The results of the subcellular localisation in the onion epidermis suggested that the LdSERK1 protein was localised at the cell membrane. Secondly, we established the virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) system in lily scales, and the results of LdSERK1 silencing by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) showed that, with the down-regulation of LdSERK1 expression, the occurrence of somatic embryogenesis and callus tissue induction in scales was significantly reduced. Finally, molecular assays from overexpression of the LdSERK1 gene in Arabidopsis showed that LdSERK1 expression was significantly enhanced in the three transgenic lines compared to the wild type, and that the probability of inducing callus tissue in seed was significantly higher than that of the wild type at a concentration of 2 mg/L 2,4-D, which was manifested by an increase in the granularity of the callus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingli Ke
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxian Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiping Zheng
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Xuanmei Cai
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Shaozhong Fang
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China; (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.M.A.); (M.K.); (Y.L.)
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Zeng J, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang F, Qiu F, Zhong M, Zhao T, Yang C, Zeng L, Lan X, Zhang H, Zhou J, Chen M, Tang K, Liao Z. Discovering a mitochondrion-localized BAHD acyltransferase involved in calystegine biosynthesis and engineering the production of 3β-tigloyloxytropane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3623. [PMID: 38684703 PMCID: PMC11058270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanaceous plants produce tropane alkaloids (TAs) via esterification of 3α- and 3β-tropanol. Although littorine synthase is revealed to be responsible for 3α-tropanol esterification that leads to hyoscyamine biosynthesis, the genes associated with 3β-tropanol esterification are unknown. Here, we report that a BAHD acyltransferase from Atropa belladonna, 3β-tigloyloxytropane synthase (TS), catalyzes 3β-tropanol and tigloyl-CoA to form 3β-tigloyloxytropane, the key intermediate in calystegine biosynthesis and a potential drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. Unlike other cytosolic-localized BAHD acyltransferases, TS is localized to mitochondria. The catalytic mechanism of TS is revealed through molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Subsequently, 3β-tigloyloxytropane is synthesized in tobacco. A bacterial CoA ligase (PcICS) is found to synthesize tigloyl-CoA, an acyl donor for 3β-tigloyloxytropane biosynthesis. By expressing TS mutant and PcICS, engineered Escherichia coli synthesizes 3β-tigloyloxytropane from tiglic acid and 3β-tropanol. This study helps to characterize the enzymology and chemodiversity of TAs and provides an approach for producing 3β-tigloyloxytropane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhaoyue Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingyu Zhong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunxian Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Xizang Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Tian S, Song Q, Zhou W, Wang J, Wang Y, An W, Wu Y, Zhao L. A viral movement protein targets host catalases for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation to facilitate viral infection and aphid transmission in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:614-630. [PMID: 38454602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The infection of host plants by many different viruses causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and yellowing symptoms, but the mechanisms through which plant viruses counteract ROS-mediated immunity to facilitate infection and symptom development have not been fully elucidated. Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors in the field, but the molecular mechanisms underlying virus‒host-insect interactions are unclear. In this study, we investigated the interactions among wheat, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and its aphid vector and found that the BYDV movement protein (MP) interacts with both wheat catalases (CATs) and the 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 homolog (PSMD2) to facilitate the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of CATs, promoting viral infection, disease symptom development, and aphid transmission. Overexpression of the BYDV MP gene in wheat enhanced the degradation of CATs, which leading to increased accumulation of ROS and thereby enhanced viral infection. Interestingly, transgenic wheat lines overexpressing BYDV MP showed significantly reduced proliferation of wingless aphids and an increased number of winged aphids. Consistent with this observation, silencing of CAT genes also enhanced viral accumulation and reduced the proliferation of wingless aphids but increased the occurrence of winged aphids. In contrast, transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaCAT1 exhibited the opposite changes and showed increases in grain size and weight upon infection with BYDV. Biochemical assays demonstrated that BYDV MP interacts with PSMD2 and promotes 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of TaCAT1 likely in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Collectively, our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which a plant virus manipulates the ROS production system of host plants to facilitate viral infection and transmission, shedding new light on the sophisticated interactions among viruses, host plants, and insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingting Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei An
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Perdomo JA, Scales JC, Lee W, Kanyuka K, Carmo‐Silva E. Down-regulation of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms expression by virus-induced gene silencing. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e583. [PMID: 38628621 PMCID: PMC11018489 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rubisco activase (Rca) is an essential photosynthetic enzyme that removes inhibitors from the catalytic sites of the carboxylating enzyme Rubisco. In wheat, Rca is composed of one longer 46 kDa α-isoform and two shorter 42 kDa β-isoforms encoded by the genes TaRca1 and TaRca2. TaRca1 produces a single transcript from which a short 1β-isoform is expressed, whereas two alternative transcripts are generated from TaRca2 directing expression of either a long 2α-isoform or a short 2β-isoform. The 2β isoform is similar but not identical to 1β. Here, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to silence the different TaRca transcripts. Abundance of the transcripts and the respective protein isoforms was then evaluated in the VIGS-treated and control plants. Remarkably, treatment with the construct specifically targeting TaRca1 efficiently decreased expression not only of TaRca1 but also of the two alternative TaRca2 transcripts. Similarly, specific targeting of the TaRca2 transcript encoding a long isoform TaRca2α resulted in silencing of both TaRca2 alternative transcripts. The corresponding protein isoforms decreased in abundance. These findings indicate concomitant down-regulation of TaRca1 and TaRca2 at both transcript and protein levels and may impact the feasibility of altering the relative abundance of Rca isoforms in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alejandro Perdomo
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | | | - Wing‐Sham Lee
- Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- NIABCambridgeUK
| | - Elizabete Carmo‐Silva
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Plant Biology and Crop SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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Şimşek Ö, Isak MA, Dönmez D, Dalda Şekerci A, İzgü T, Kaçar YA. Advanced Biotechnological Interventions in Mitigating Drought Stress in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:717. [PMID: 38475564 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive article critically analyzes the advanced biotechnological strategies to mitigate plant drought stress. It encompasses an in-depth exploration of the latest developments in plant genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, shedding light on the complex molecular mechanisms that plants employ to combat drought stress. The study also emphasizes the significant advancements in genetic engineering techniques, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, which have revolutionized the creation of drought-resistant crop varieties. Furthermore, the article explores microbial biotechnology's pivotal role, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae, in enhancing plant resilience against drought conditions. The integration of these cutting-edge biotechnological interventions with traditional breeding methods is presented as a holistic approach for fortifying crops against drought stress. This integration addresses immediate agricultural needs and contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security in the face of escalating climate change challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özhan Şimşek
- Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye
| | - Musab A Isak
- Agricultural Sciences and Technology Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye
| | - Dicle Dönmez
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Çukurova University, Adana 01330, Türkiye
| | - Akife Dalda Şekerci
- Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Türkiye
| | - Tolga İzgü
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of BioEconomy, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Yıldız Aka Kaçar
- Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana 01330, Türkiye
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He J, Zeng C, Li M. Plant Functional Genomics Based on High-Throughput CRISPR Library Knockout Screening: A Perspective. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:2300203. [PMID: 38465224 PMCID: PMC10919289 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant biology studies in the post-genome era have been focused on annotating genome sequences' functions. The established plant mutant collections have greatly accelerated functional genomics research in the past few decades. However, most plant genome sequences' roles and the underlying regulatory networks remain substantially unknown. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated systems are robust, versatile tools for manipulating plant genomes with various targeted DNA perturbations, providing an excellent opportunity for high-throughput interrogation of DNA elements' roles. This study compares methods frequently used for plant functional genomics and then discusses different DNA multi-targeted strategies to overcome gene redundancy using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Next, this work summarizes recent reports using CRISPR libraries for high-throughput gene knockout and function discoveries in plants. Finally, this work envisions the future perspective of optimizing and leveraging CRISPR library screening in plant genomes' other uncharacterized DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie He
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationWuhan430074China
| | - Can Zeng
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationWuhan430074China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationWuhan430074China
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He Z, Sheng S, Wang L, Dong T, Zhang K, Li L. Cucumber mosaic virus-induced gene and microRNA silencing in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC). PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:6. [PMID: 38212839 PMCID: PMC10782793 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC), an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family, rich in dietary fibert, vitamins, and minerals. It usually grows in wet soils and water. Despite accumulating the transcriptomic data, gene function research on water dropwort is still far behind than that of the other crops. The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) induced gene silencing was established to study the functions of gene and microRNA (miRNA) in the water dropwort. CMV Fast New York strain (CMV-Fny) genomic RNAs 1, 2, and 3 were individually cloned into pCB301 vectors. We deleted part of the ORF 2b region and introduced recognition sites. A CMV-induced gene silencing vector was employed to suppress the expression of endogenous genes, including phytoene desaturase (PDS). In order to assess the efficacy of gene silencing, we also cloned conserved sequence of gibberellin insensitive dwarf (GID1) cDNA sequences into the vector and inoculated the water dropwort. The height of CMV-GID1-infected plants was marginally reduced as a result of GID1 gene silencing, and their leaves were noticeably longer and thinner. Additionally, we also used a CMV-induced silencing vector to analyze the roles of endogenous miRNAs. We used a short tandem target mimic approach to clone miR319 and miR396 from water dropwort into the CMV vector. Plants with CMV-miRNA infection were driven to exhibit the distinctive phenotypes. We anticipate that functional genomic research on water dropwort will be facilitated by the CMV-induced gene silencing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No.48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyu Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Dong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road No.48, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Meng Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Su M, Jia R, Ming F. PeFtsH5 negatively regulates the biological stress response in Phalaenopsis equestris mitochondria. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154159. [PMID: 38141482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in determining cell fate by direct influence on cell apoptosis and autophagy. The ATP and Zn2+-dependent protease FtsH are of paramount importance in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. In Phalaenopsis equestris, three mitochondrial FtsH proteases were identified, one of which was encoded by the PeFtsH5 gene. This gene encoded a distinctive mitochondrial protein featuring a unique domain within the FtsH family. Down-regulating the expression of the PeFtsH5 homolog in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in elevated expression levels of SA synthesis-related genes, leading to enhanced disease resistance. However, this down-regulation also caused cellular damage. Similarly, in P. equestris, the down-regulation of PeFtsH5 expression promoted the expression of defense response genes, leading to accelerated apoptosis and increased ROS levels. Nonetheless, this down-regulation also positively influenced plant resistance to biotic stress. Notably, the PeFtsH5 (i-AAA) protein, as revealed by dual membrane experiments, could form homopolymers exclusively, as it did not interact with the other two mitochondrial FtsH proteases. Consequently, this mitochondrial FtsH protease functioned as a homopolymer within P. equestris cells. The findings of this study elucidated the role of PeFtsH5 in responding to biological stress and provided new insights into its potential molecular mechanism. The result presented in this study hold promise for future research endeavors examining the regulatory effects of mitochondrial proteases on mitochondrial homeostasis and the development of stress-resistant P. equestris varieties through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Wu
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yang Meng
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Xinchang High School, Shanghai, 201314, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Mingyang Su
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ruidong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Bio Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Feng Ming
- Development Centre of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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9
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Bellinazzo F. Advances in virus-induced flowering in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1-4. [PMID: 38128901 PMCID: PMC10735631 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Deng Y, Yarur-Thys A, Baulcombe DC. 2024. Virus-induced overexpression of heterologous FLOWERING LOCUS T for efficient speed breeding in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 36–44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bellinazzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Li X, Feng H, Liu S, Cui J, Liu J, Shi M, Zhao J, Wang L. Dehydrin CaDHN2 Enhances Drought Tolerance by Affecting Ascorbic Acid Synthesis under Drought in Peppers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3895. [PMID: 38005792 PMCID: PMC10675185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), as a horticultural crop with one of the highest ascorbic acid contents, are negatively affected by detrimental environmental conditions both in terms of quality and productivity. In peppers, the high level of ascorbic acid is not only a nutrient substance but also plays a role in environmental stress, i.e., drought stress. When suffering from drought stress, plants accumulate dehydrins, which play important roles in the stress response. Here, we isolated an SK3-type DHN gene CaDHN2 from peppers. CaDHN2 was located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. In CaDHN2-silenced peppers, which are generated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the survival rate is much lower, the electrolytic leakage is higher, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is greater when compared with the control under drought stress. Moreover, when CaDHN2 (CaDHN2-OE) is overexpressed in Arabidopsis, theoverexpressing plants show enhanced drought tolerance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and lower ROS content. Based on yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), GST-pull down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results, we found that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1, the key enzyme in ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis, in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, the level of ascorbic acid is highly reduced in CaDHN2-silenced peppers, indicating that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1 to affect the synthesis of ascorbic acid under drought stress, thus improving the drought tolerance of peppers. Our research provides a basis for further study of the function of DHN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjun Cui
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiannan Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jielong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
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11
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Khoshnami M, Zare B, Mardani-Mehrabad H, Rakhshandehroo F, Baghery MA, Malboobi MA. Assessment of co-infection with BNYVV and BSCTV on resistance against Rhizomania disease in transgenic sugar beet plants. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:475-485. [PMID: 37656262 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet is an economically important crop and one of the major sources of sucrose around the world. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) are two widespread viruses in sugar beet that cause severe damage to its performance. Previously, we have successfully produced resistance to BNYVV based on RNA silencing in sugar beet by introducing constructs carrying the viral coat-protein-encoding DNA sequence, CP21, in sense and anti-sense orientations. Yet, the RNA silencing-mediated resistance to a specific virus could be affected by other ones as a part of synergistic interactions. In this study, we assayed the specificity of the induced resistance against BNYVV in two sets of transgenic events, S3 and S6 carrying 5'-UTR with or without CP21-coding sequences, respectively. These events were subjected to viral challenges with either BNYVV, an Iranian isolate of BSCTV (BSCTV-Ir) or both. All the plants inoculated with just BSCTV-Ir displayed curly-leaf symptoms. However, partial resistance was evident in S3 events as shown by mild symptoms and reduced PCR amplification of the BSCTV-Ir coat protein encoding sequence. Based on the presented data, resistance to BNYVV was stable in almost all the transgenic plants co-infected with BSCTV-Ir, except for one event, S3-229. In general, it seems that the co-infection does not affect the resistance to BNYVV in transgenic plants. These findings demonstrated that the introduced RNA silencing-mediated resistance against BNYVV in transgenic sugar beets is specific and is not suppressed after co-infection with a heterologous virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoshnami
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pazhouhesh Boulevard, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shohadaye Hesarak Boulevard, Daneshgah Square, Satary Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Zare
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pazhouhesh Boulevard, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mardani-Mehrabad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pazhouhesh Boulevard, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shohadaye Hesarak Boulevard, Daneshgah Square, Satary Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shohadaye Hesarak Boulevard, Daneshgah Square, Satary Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Baghery
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pazhouhesh Boulevard, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Malboobi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pazhouhesh Boulevard, Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Rollwage L, Maiss E, Menzel W, Hossain R, Varrelmann M. Beet mosaic virus expression of a betalain transcription factor allows visual virus tracking in Beta vulgaris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1319-1329. [PMID: 37410356 PMCID: PMC10502864 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of plant virology, the usage of reverse genetic systems has been reported for multiple purposes. One is understanding virus-host interaction by labelling viral cDNA clones with fluorescent protein genes to allow visual virus tracking throughout a plant, albeit this visualization depends on technical devices. Here we report the first construction of an infectious cDNA full-length clone of beet mosaic virus (BtMV) that can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium-mediated leaf inoculation with high infection rate in Beta vulgaris, being indistinguishable from the natural virus isolate regarding symptom development and vector transmission. Furthermore, the BtMV clone was tagged with the genes for the monomeric red fluorescent protein or the Beta vulgaris BvMYB1 transcription factor, which activates the betalain biosynthesis pathway. The heterologous expression of BvMYB1 results in activation of betalain biosynthesis genes in planta, allowing visualization of the systemic BtMV spread with the naked eye as red pigmentation emerging throughout beet leaves. In the case of BtMV, the BvMYB1 marker system is stable over multiple mechanical host passages, allows qualitative as well as quantitative virus detection and offers an excellent opportunity to label viruses in plants of the order Caryophyllales, allowing an in-depth investigation of virus-host interactions on the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Maiss
- Institute of Horticultural Production SystemsLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Wulf Menzel
- Plant Virus DepartmentLeibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
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13
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Yang W, Chen X, Chen J, Zheng P, Liu S, Tan X, Sun B. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3162. [PMID: 37687408 PMCID: PMC10490191 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of a number of tea plant genomes has sparked substantial interest in using reverse genetics to explore gene function in tea (Camellia sinensis). However, a hurdle to this is the absence of an efficient transformation system, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), a transient transformation system, could be an optimal choice for validating gene function in the tea plant. In this study, phytoene desaturase (PDS), a carotenoid biosynthesis gene, was used as a reporter to evaluate the VIGS system. The injection sites of the leaves (leaf back, petiole, and stem) for infiltration were tested, and the results showed that petiole injection had the most effective injection, without leading to necrotic lesions that cause the leaves to drop. Tea leaves were inoculated with Agrobacterium harboring a tobacco rattle virus plasmid (pTRV2) containing a CsPDS silencing fragment. The tea leaves exhibited chlorosis symptoms 7-14 days after inoculation, depending on the cultivar. In the chlorosis plants, the coat protein (CP) of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) was detected and coincided with the lower transcription of CsPDS and reduced chlorophyll content compared with the empty vector control, with 81.82% and 54.55% silencing efficiency of 'LTDC' and 'YSX', respectively. These results indicate that the VIGS system with petiole injection could quickly and effectively silence a gene in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xindong Tan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (X.C.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Binmei Sun
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (X.C.); (J.C.); (P.Z.); (S.L.)
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14
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Li C, Binaghi M, Pichon V, Cannarozzi G, Brandão de Freitas L, Hanemian M, Kuhlemeier C. Tight genetic linkage of genes causing hybrid necrosis and pollinator isolation between young species. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:420-432. [PMID: 36805038 PMCID: PMC10027609 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation that cause phenotypic diversification and eventually speciation are a major topic of evolutionary research. Hybrid necrosis is a post-zygotic isolation mechanism in which cell death develops in the absence of pathogens. It is often due to the incompatibility between proteins from two parents. Here we describe a unique case of hybrid necrosis due to an incompatibility between loci on chromosomes 2 and 7 between two pollinator-isolated Petunia species. Typical immune responses as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are induced in the necrotic line. The locus on chromosome 2 encodes ChiA1, a bifunctional GH18 chitinase/lysozyme. The enzymatic activity of ChiA1 is dispensable for the development of necrosis. We propose that the extremely high expression of ChiA1 involves a positive feedback loop between the loci on chromosomes 2 and 7. ChiA1 is tightly linked to major genes involved in the adaptation to different pollinators, a form of pre-zygotic isolation. This linkage of pre- and post-zygotic barriers strengthens reproductive isolation and probably contributes to rapid diversification and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Li
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Binaghi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivien Pichon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gina Cannarozzi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Chemistry/Biology/Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loreta Brandão de Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Hanemian
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Cris Kuhlemeier
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Tobacco rattle virus-induced VcANS gene silencing in blueberry fruit. Gene 2023; 852:147054. [PMID: 36395971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), a woody perennial bush in the genus Vaccinium, is an economically important and popular fruit crop worldwide. Development the superior cultivars, which including excellent fruit traits, not only means higher yielding and economic efficiency, but also produce fruit that to meet the preferences of different consumers. Excavating fruit quality-related genes, studying their functions, and using transgenic or molecular-assisted breeding are beneficial to the development of excellent blueberry varieties. Genetic transformation is an excellent way to study the function of genes in plants, however, it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process to genetically transform many woody plants, including blueberry. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) provides an efficient approach to knock-down the expression of target genes for functional analysis. In this study, tobacco rattle virus induced genes silencing (TRV-VIGS) was established in blueberry fruits using the VcANS gene as a reporter. The silenced sector of the skin of blueberry fruits injected with pTRV2 (plasmid Tobacco Rattle Virus, TRV-RNA2)::VcANS remained green or white at 25 days after agroinfiltration. In agroinfiltrated materials, the VcANS transcript levels were much lower in fruits with phenotypic changes (delayed color change) than in those infiltrated with the pTRV2 empty vector. Silencing of VcANS also affected the expression of other genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. The experimental results support that VcANS can be used as an effective marker gene for VIGS system. In addition, the TRV-VIGS system has been successfully established in blueberry fruits, which provided an effective verification method for functional identification of unknown genes in blueberry fruits.
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16
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Pabón-Mora N, Suárez-Baron H, Madrigal Y, Alzate JF, González F. Expression and Functional Studies of Leaf, Floral, and Fruit Developmental Genes in Non-model Species. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:365-401. [PMID: 37540370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Researchers working on evolutionary developmental plant biology are inclined to choose non-model taxa to address how specific features have been acquired during ontogeny and fixed during phylogeny. In this chapter we describe methods to extract RNA, to assemble de-novo transcriptomes, to isolate orthologous genes within gene families, and to evaluate expression and function of target genes. We have successfully optimized these protocols for non-model plant species including ferns, gymnosperms, and a large assortment of angiosperms. In the latter, we have ranged a large number of families including Aristolochiaceae, Apodanthaceae, Chloranthaceae, Orchidaceae, Papaveraceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, and Tropaeolaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold Suárez-Baron
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yesenia Madrigal
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Favio González
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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H. El-Sappah A, Qi S, A. Soaud S, Huang Q, M. Saleh A, A. S. Abourehab M, Wan L, Cheng GT, Liu J, Ihtisham M, Noor Z, Rouf Mir R, Zhao X, Yan K, Abbas M, Li J. Natural resistance of tomato plants to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081549. [PMID: 36600922 PMCID: PMC9807178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most harmful afflictions in the world that affects tomato growth and production. Six regular antagonistic genes (Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, ty-5, and Ty-6) have been transferred from wild germplasms to commercial cultivars as TYLCV protections. With Ty-1 serving as an appropriate source of TYLCV resistance, only Ty-1, Ty-2, and Ty-3 displayed substantial levels of opposition in a few strains. It has been possible to clone three TYLCV opposition genes (Ty-1/Ty-3, Ty-2, and ty-5) that target three antiviral safety mechanisms. However, it significantly impacts obtaining permanent resistance to TYLCV, trying to maintain opposition whenever possible, and spreading opposition globally. Utilizing novel methods, such as using resistance genes and identifying new resistance resources, protects against TYLCV in tomato production. To facilitate the breeders make an informed decision and testing methods for TYLCV blockage, this study highlights the portrayal of typical obstruction genes, common opposition sources, and subatomic indicators. The main goal is to provide a fictitious starting point for the identification and application of resistance genes as well as the maturation of tomato varieties that are TYLCV-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shiming Qi
- College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Salma A. Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Alaa M. Saleh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lingyun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi for High-quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Guo-ting Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Zarqa Noor
- School of Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), SKUAST–Kashmir, Sopore, India
| | - Xin Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuan Yan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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18
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Wang B, Li W, Xu K, Lei Y, Zhao D, Li X, Zhang J, Zhang Z. A splice site mutation in the FvePHP gene is associated with leaf development and flowering time in woodland strawberry. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac249. [PMID: 36643753 PMCID: PMC9832950 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaves and flowers are crucial for the growth and development of higher plants. In this study we identified a mutant with narrow leaflets and early flowering (nlef) in an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and aimed to identify the candidate gene. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene, nlef, controlled the mutant phenotype. We found that FvH4_1g25470, which encodes a putative DNA polymerase α with a polymerase and histidinol phosphatase domain (PHP), might be the candidate gene, using bulked segregant analysis with whole-genome sequencing, molecular markers, and cloning analyses. A splice donor site mutation (C to T) at the 5' end of the second intron led to an erroneous splice event that reduced the expression level of the full-length transcript of FvePHP in mutant plants. FvePHP was localized in the nucleus and was highly expressed in leaves. Silencing of FvePHP using the virus-induced gene silencing method resulted in partial developmental defects in strawberry leaves. Overexpression of the FvePHP gene can largely restore the mutant phenotype. The expression levels of FveSEP1, FveSEP3, FveAP1, FveFUL, and FveFT were higher in the mutants than those in 'Yellow Wonder' plants, probably contributing to the early flowering phenotype in mutant plants. Our results indicate that mutation in FvePHP is associated with multiple developmental pathways. These results aid in understanding the role of DNA polymerase in strawberry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotian Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Lei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xue Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Correspondence: Zhihong Zhang, E-mail: ; Tel: +86 024 88487143; Fax: +86 024 88487143. Junxiang Zhang, E-mail: ; Tel: +86 024 88487143; Fax: +86 024 88487143
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Correspondence: Zhihong Zhang, E-mail: ; Tel: +86 024 88487143; Fax: +86 024 88487143. Junxiang Zhang, E-mail: ; Tel: +86 024 88487143; Fax: +86 024 88487143
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19
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Marquez‐Molins J, Hernandez‐Azurdia AG, Urrutia‐Perez M, Pallas V, Gomez G. A circular RNA vector for targeted plant gene silencing based on an asymptomatic viroid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:284-293. [PMID: 35916236 PMCID: PMC9804161 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing for functional studies in plants has been largely facilitated by manipulating viral genomes with inserts from host genes to trigger virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) against the corresponding mRNAs. However, viral genomes encode multiple proteins and can disrupt plant homeostasis by interfering with endogenous cell mechanisms. To try to circumvent this functional limitation, we have developed a silencing method based on the minimal autonomously-infectious nucleic acids currently known: viroids, which lack proven coding capability. The genome of Eggplant latent viroid, an asymptomatic viroid, was manipulated with insertions ranging between 21 and 42 nucleotides. Our results show that, although larger insertions might be tolerated, the maintenance of the secondary structure appears to be critical for viroid genome stability. Remarkably, these modified ELVd molecules are able to induce systemic infection promoting the silencing of target genes in eggplant. Inspired by the design of artificial microRNAs, we have developed a simple and standardized procedure to generate stable insertions into the ELVd genome capable of silencing a specific target gene. Analogously to VIGS, we have termed our approach viroid-induced gene silencing, and demonstrate that it is a promising tool for dissecting gene functions in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Marquez‐Molins
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat de València (UV)Parc Científic, Cat. Agustín Escardino 946980PaternaSpain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCPI 8E, Av. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Andrea Gabriela Hernandez‐Azurdia
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat de València (UV)Parc Científic, Cat. Agustín Escardino 946980PaternaSpain
| | - María Urrutia‐Perez
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat de València (UV)Parc Científic, Cat. Agustín Escardino 946980PaternaSpain
| | - Vicente Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCPI 8E, Av. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Gustavo Gomez
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) ‐ Universitat de València (UV)Parc Científic, Cat. Agustín Escardino 946980PaternaSpain
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20
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Si Z, Wu H, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Hu Y. Visible gland constantly traces virus-induced gene silencing in cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020841. [PMID: 36186026 PMCID: PMC9523728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system was established to induce endogenous target gene silencing by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), which is a powerful tool for gene function analysis in plants. Compared with stable transgenic plant via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation, phenotypes after gene knockdown can be obtained rapidly, effectively, and high-throughput through VIGS system. This approach has been successfully applied to explore unknown gene functions involved in plant growth and development, physiological metabolism, and biotic and abiotic stresses in various plants. In this system, GhCLA1 was used as a general control, however, silencing of this gene leads to leaf albino, wilting, and plant death ultimately. As such, it cannot indicate the efficiency of target gene silencing throughout the whole plant growth period. To address this question, in this study, we developed a novel marker gene, Gossypium PIGMENT GLAND FORMATION GENE (GoPGF), as the control to trace the efficiency of gene silencing in the infected tissues. GoPGF has been proved a key gene in gland forming. Suppression of GoPGF does not affect the normal growth and development of cotton. The number of gland altered related to the expression level of GoPGF gene. So it is a good marker that be used to trace the whole growth stages of plant. Moreover, we further developed a method of friction inoculation to enhance and extend the efficiency of VIGS, which facilitates the analysis of gene function in both the vegetative stage and reproductive stage. This improved VIGS technology will be a powerful tool for the rapid functional identification of unknown genes in genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Si
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaitong Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tree Breeding and Germplasm Improvement, Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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21
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Sun L, Zhao L, Huang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu X, Wang S, Wang D, Chen X, Chen C, Guo L, Xu N, Zhang H, Wang J, Rui C, Han M, Fan Y, Nie T, Ye W. Genome-wide identification, evolution and function analysis of UGTs superfamily in cotton. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965403. [PMID: 36177349 PMCID: PMC9513525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases mainly catalyse the glycosylation reaction in living organisms and widely exists in plants. UGTs have been identified from G. raimondii, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum. However, Genome-wide systematic analysis of UGTs superfamily have not been studied in G. barbadense. 752 UGTs were identified from four cotton species and grouped into 18 clades, of which R was newly discovered clades. Most UGTs were clustered at both ends of the chromosome and showed a heterogeneous distribution. UGT proteins were widely distributed in cells, with the highest distribution in chloroplasts. UGTs of the same clade shared similar intron/exon structural features. During evolution, the gene family has undergone strong selection for purification. UGTs were significantly enriched in “transcriptional activity (GO:0016758)” and “metabolic processes (GO:0008152)”. Genes from the same clade differed in function under various abiotic stresses. The analysis of cis-acting element and qRT–PCR may indicate that GHUGTs play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress. We further found that GHUGT74-2 plays an important role under submergence. The study broadens the understanding of UGTs in terms of gene characteristics, evolutionary processes, and gene function in cotton and provides a new way to systematically and globally understand the structure–function relationship of multigene families in the evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Taili Nie
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wuwei Ye, ; Taili Nie,
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wuwei Ye, ; Taili Nie,
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22
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Selma S, Gianoglio S, Uranga M, Vázquez‐Vilar M, Espinosa‐Ruiz A, Drapal M, Fraser PD, Daròs J, Orzáez D. Potato virus X-delivered CRISPR activation programs lead to strong endogenous gene induction and transient metabolic reprogramming in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1550-1564. [PMID: 35822533 PMCID: PMC9541417 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmable transcriptional regulators based on CRISPR architecture are promising tools for the induction of plant gene expression. In plants, CRISPR gene activation is effective with respect to modulating development processes, such as the flowering time or customizing biochemical composition. The most widely used method for delivering CRISPR components into the plant is Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation, either transient or stable. However, as a result of their versatility and their ability to move, virus-derived systems have emerged as an interesting alternative for supplying the CRISPR components to the plant, in particular guide RNA (gRNA), which represents the variable component in CRISPR strategies. In the present study, we describe a Potato virus X-derived vector that, upon agroinfection in Nicotiana benthamiana, serves as a vehicle for delivery of gRNAs, producing highly specific virus-induced gene activation. The system works in combination with a N. benthamiana transgenic line carrying the remaining complementary CRISPR gene activation components, specifically the dCasEV2.1 cassette, which has been shown previously to mediate strong programmable transcriptional activation in plants. Using an easily scalable, non-invasive spraying method, we show that gRNA-mediated activation programs move locally and systemically, generating a strong activation response in different target genes. Furthermore, by activating three different endogenous MYB transcription factors, we demonstrate that this Potato virus X-based virus-induced gene reprogramming strategy results in program-specific metabolic fingerprints in N. benthamiana leaves characterized by distinctive phenylpropanoid-enriched metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Selma
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Silvia Gianoglio
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Mireia Uranga
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Marta Vázquez‐Vilar
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa‐Ruiz
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | | | | | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Diego Orzáez
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
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23
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Li Y, Yu C, Mo R, Zhu Z, Dong Z, Hu X, Deng W, Zhuang C. Screening and Verification of Photosynthesis and Chloroplast-Related Genes in Mulberry by Comparative RNA-Seq and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158620. [PMID: 35955752 PMCID: PMC9368790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most important factors in mulberry growth and production. To study the photosynthetic regulatory network of mulberry we sequenced the transcriptomes of two high-yielding (E1 and E2) and one low-yielding (H32) mulberry genotypes at two-time points (10:00 and 12:00). Re-annotation of the mulberry genome based on the transcriptome sequencing data identified 22,664 high-quality protein-coding genes with a BUSCO-assessed completeness of 93.4%. A total of 6587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the transcriptome analysis. Functional annotation and enrichment revealed 142 out of 6587 genes involved in the photosynthetic pathway and chloroplast development. Moreover, 3 out of 142 genes were further examined using the VIGS technique; the leaves of MaCLA1- and MaTHIC-silenced plants were markedly yellowed or even white, and the leaves of MaPKP2-silenced plants showed a wrinkled appearance. The expression levels of the ensiled plants were reduced, and the levels of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were lower than those of the control plants. Co-expression analysis showed that MaCLA1 was co-expressed with CHUP1 and YSL3; MaTHIC was co-expressed with MaHSP70, MaFLN1, and MaEMB2794; MaPKP2 was mainly co-expressed with GH9B7, GH3.1, and EDA9. Protein interaction network prediction revealed that MaCLA1 was associated with RPE, TRA2, GPS1, and DXR proteins; MaTHIC was associated with TH1, PUR5, BIO2, and THI1; MaPKP2 was associated with ENOC, LOS2, and PGI1. This study offers a useful resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in mulberry photosynthesis and preliminary insight into the regulatory network of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Cui Yu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Rongli Mo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingming Hu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Wen Deng
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
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24
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Liu S, Lenoir CJG, Amaro TMMM, Rodriguez PA, Huitema E, Bos JIB. Virulence strategies of an insect herbivore and oomycete plant pathogen converge on host E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1599-1614. [PMID: 35491752 PMCID: PMC9545238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and pests secrete proteins (effectors) to interfere with plant immunity through modification of host target functions and disruption of immune signalling networks. The extent of convergence between pathogen and herbivorous insect virulence strategies is largely unexplored. We found that effectors from the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora capsici, and the major aphid pest, Myzus persicae target the host immune regulator SIZ1, an E3 SUMO ligase. We used transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as Arabidopsis mutants to further characterize biological role of effector-SIZ1 interactions in planta. We show that the oomycete and aphid effector, which both contribute to virulence, feature different activities towards SIZ1. While M. persicae effector Mp64 increases SIZ1 protein levels in transient assays, P. capsici effector CRN83_152 enhances SIZ1-E3 SUMO ligase activity in vivo. SIZ1 contributes to host susceptibility to aphids and an oomycete pathogen. Knockout of SIZ1 in Arabidopsis decreased susceptibility to aphids, independent of SNC1, PAD4 and EDS1. Similarly SIZ1 knockdown in N. benthamiana led to reduced P. capsici infection. Our results suggest convergence of distinct pathogen and pest virulence strategies on an E3 SUMO ligase to enhance host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Camille J. G. Lenoir
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Tiago M. M. M. Amaro
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | | | - Edgar Huitema
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD2 5DAUK
| | - Jorunn I. B. Bos
- Division of Plant SciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD2 5DAUK
- Cell and Molecular SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAUK
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25
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Morimoto K, Krahn D, Kaschani F, Hopkinson‐Woolley D, Gee A, Buscaill P, Mohammed S, Sieber SA, Cravatt BF, Schofield CJ, van der Hoorn RAL. Broad-range metalloprotease profiling in plants uncovers immunity provided by defence-related metalloenzyme. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1287-1301. [PMID: 35510806 PMCID: PMC9322406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants encode > 100 metalloproteases representing > 19 different protein families. Tools to study this large and diverse class of proteases have not yet been introduced into plant research. We describe the use of hydroxamate-based photoaffinity probes to explore plant proteomes for metalloproteases. We detected labelling of 23 metalloproteases in leaf extracts of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that belong to nine different metalloprotease families and localize to different subcellular compartments. The probes identified several chloroplastic FtsH proteases, vacuolar aspartyl aminopeptidase DAP1, peroxisomal metalloprotease PMX16, extracellular matrix metalloproteases and many cytosolic metalloproteases. We also identified nonproteolytic metallohydrolases involved in the release of auxin and in the urea cycle. Studies on tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) infected with the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae uncovered the induced labelling of PRp27, a secreted protein with implicated metalloprotease activity. PRp27 overexpression increases resistance, and PRp27 mutants lacking metal binding site are no longer labelled, but still show increased immunity. Collectively, these studies reveal the power of broad-range metalloprotease profiling in plants using hydroxamate-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Morimoto
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Daniel Krahn
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimcrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne50829Germany
| | - Digby Hopkinson‐Woolley
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Anna Gee
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Pierre Buscaill
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Department of ChemistryThe Skaggs Institute for Chemical BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of ChemistryThe Skaggs Institute for Chemical BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimcrobial ResearchUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Renier A. L. van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- The Plant Chemetics LaboratoryMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne50829Germany
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26
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Zhou P, Dang J, Shi Z, Shao Y, Sang M, Dai S, Yue W, Liu C, Wu Q. Identification and characterization of a novel gene involved in glandular trichome development in Nepeta tenuifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936244. [PMID: 35968082 PMCID: PMC9372485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta tenuifolia is a medicinal plant rich in terpenoids and flavonoids with antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. The peltate glandular trichome (PGT) is a multicellular structure considered to be the primary storage organ for monoterpenes; it may serve as an ideal model for studying cell differentiation and the development of glandular trichomes (GTs). The genes that regulate the development of GTs have not yet been well studied. In this study, we identified NtMIXTA1, a GT development-associated gene from the R2R3 MYB SBG9 family. NtMIXTA1 overexpression in tobacco resulted in the production of longer and denser GTs. Virus-induced gene silencing of NtMIXTA1 resulted in lower PGT density, a significant reduction in monoterpene concentration, and the decreased expression of genes related to monoterpene biosynthesis. Comparative transcriptome and widely targeted metabolic analyses revealed that silencing NtMIXTA1 significantly influenced the expression of genes, and the production of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids. This study provides a solid foundation describing a mechanism underlying the regulation of GT development. In addition, this study further deepens our understanding of the regulatory networks involved in GT development and GT development-associated metabolite flux, as well as provides valuable reference data for studying plants with a high medicinal value without genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunrui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
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27
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Advances in RNA-Silencing-Related Resistance against Viruses in Potato. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050731. [PMID: 35627117 PMCID: PMC9141481 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is a major food crop that has the potential to feed the increasing global population. Potato is the fourth most important crop and a staple food for many people worldwide. The traditional breeding of potato poses many challenges because of its autotetraploid nature and its tendency toward inbreeding depression. Moreover, potato crops suffer considerable production losses because of infections caused by plant viruses. In this context, RNA silencing technology has been successfully applied in model and crop species. In this review, we describe the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms, including small-interfering RNA, microRNA, and artificial microRNA, which may be used to engineer resistance against potato viruses. We also explore the latest advances in the development of antiviral strategies to enhance resistance against potato virus X, potato virus Y, potato virus A, potato leafroll virus, and potato spindle tuber viroid. Furthermore, the challenges in RNAi that need to be overcome are described in this review. Altogether, this report would be insightful for the researchers attempting to understand the RNAi-mediated resistance against viruses in potato.
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28
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Tobacco Rattle Virus as a Tool for Rapid Reverse-Genetics Screens and Analysis of Gene Function in Cannabis sativa L. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030327. [PMID: 35161308 PMCID: PMC8838890 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is quickly becoming a central agricultural crop as its production has continued to increase globally. The recent release of the cannabis reference genomes provides key genetic information for the functional analysis of cannabis genes. Currently, however, the established tools for in vivo gene functional analysis in cannabis are very limited. In this study, we investigated the use of the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) as a possible tool for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and virus-aided gene expression (VAGE). Using leaf photobleaching as a visual marker of PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) silencing, we found that VIGS was largely restricted to the agro-infiltrated leaves. However, when agro-infiltration was performed under vacuum, VIGS increased dramatically, which resulted in intense PDS silencing and an increased photobleaching phenotype. The suitability of TRV as a vector for virus-aided gene expression (VAGE) was demonstrated by an analysis of DsRed fluorescence protein. Interestingly, a DsRed signal was also observed in glandular trichomes in TRV2-DsRed-infected plants, which suggests the possibility of trichome-related gene function analysis. These results indicate that TRV, despite its limited spread, is an attractive vector for rapid reverse-genetics screens and for the analysis of gene function in cannabis.
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Selection and Validation of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Different Genotypes and TRV-Infected Fruits of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) during Ripening. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010160. [PMID: 35052500 PMCID: PMC8775616 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool to detect and quantify transcription abundance, and the stability of the reference gene determines its success. However, the most suitable reference gene for different genotypes and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infected fruits was unclear in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). In this study, 10 reference genes were selected and gene expression was characterized by RT-qPCR across all samples, including different genotypes and TRV-infected fruits during ripening. Four statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) were used to calculate the stability of 10 reference genes. The geNorm analysis indicated that two suitable reference genes should be used for gene expression normalization. In general, the best combination of reference genes was CYP2 and Tua5 for TRV-infected fruits and CYP2 and Tub1 for different genotypes. In 18S, GADPH, and TEF2, there is an unacceptable variability of gene expression in all experimental conditions. Furthermore, to confirm the validity of the reference genes, the expression levels of PpACO1, PpEIN2, and PpPL were normalized at different fruit storage periods. In summary, our results provide guidelines for selecting reliable reference genes in different genotypes and TRV-infected fruits and lay the foundation for accurate evaluation of gene expression for RT-qPCR analysis in peach.
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Gong Z, Cheng M, Botella JR. Non-GM Genome Editing Approaches in Crops. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:817279. [PMID: 34977860 PMCID: PMC8715957 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.817279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies have the potential to fast-track large-scale crop breeding programs. However, the rigid cell wall limits the delivery of CRISPR/Cas components into plant cells, decreasing genome editing efficiency. Established methods, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated or biolistic transformation have been used to integrate genetic cassettes containing CRISPR components into the plant genome. Although efficient, these methods pose several problems, including 1) The transformation process requires laborious and time-consuming tissue culture and regeneration steps; 2) many crop species and elite varieties are recalcitrant to transformation; 3) The segregation of transgenes in vegetatively propagated or highly heterozygous crops, such as pineapple, is either difficult or impossible; and 4) The production of a genetically modified first generation can lead to public controversy and onerous government regulations. The development of transgene-free genome editing technologies can address many problems associated with transgenic-based approaches. Transgene-free genome editing have been achieved through the delivery of preassembled CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoproteins, although its application is limited. The use of viral vectors for delivery of CRISPR/Cas components has recently emerged as a powerful alternative but it requires further exploration. In this review, we discuss the different strategies, principles, applications, and future directions of transgene-free genome editing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ming Cheng
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bomzan DP, Kumar K, Kumar SR, Meena S, Nagegowda DA. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing for Functional Genomics of Specialized Metabolism in Medicinal Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2408:147-163. [PMID: 35325422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a functional genomics tool to transiently downregulate the expression of target gene(s) by exploiting the plant's innate defense mechanism against invading RNA viruses. VIGS is a rapid and efficient approach to analyze the gene function, particularly, in the plants that are not amenable to stable genetic transformation. This strategy has been successfully used to decipher the function of several genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and regulation of specialized metabolism, respectively, in different medicinal and aromatic plants. Here, we describe a detailed Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated VIGS protocol for silencing of the gene encoding Phytoene desaturase (PDS) in important medicinal plants Catharanthus roseus, Calotropis gigantean, Rauwolfia serpentina, and Ocimum basilicum. Our methods allow the study of gene function within 3-4 weeks after agro-inoculation, and can be an easy and efficient approach for future studies on understanding of the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites in these important medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Meena
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liu J, Mehari TG, Xu Y, Umer MJ, Hou Y, Wang Y, Peng R, Wang K, Cai X, Zhou Z, Liu F. GhGLK1 a Key Candidate Gene From GARP Family Enhances Cold and Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759312. [PMID: 34992618 PMCID: PMC8725998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought and low-temperature stresses are the most prominent abiotic stresses affecting cotton. Wild cotton being exposed to harsh environments has more potential to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses. Exploiting wild cotton material to induce resistant germplasm would be of greater interest. The candidate gene was identified in the BC2F2 population among Gossypium tomentosum and Gossypium hirsutum as wild male donor parent noted for its drought tolerance and the recurrent parent and a high yielding but drought susceptible species by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) mapping. Golden2-like (GLK) gene, which belongs to the GARP family, is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor (TF) that was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Silencing of GhGLK1 in cotton results in more damage to plants under drought and cold stress as compared with wild type (WT). The overexpression of GhGLK1 in Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the overexpressing plants showed more adaptability than the WT after drought and cold treatments. The results of trypan blue and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining showed that after drought and cold treatment, the leaf damage in GhGLK1 overexpressed plants was less as compared with the WT, and the ion permeability was also lower. This study suggested that the GhGLK1 gene may be involved in the regulation of drought and cold stress response in cotton. Our current research findings add significantly to the existing knowledge of cold and drought stress tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Teame Gereziher Mehari
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Rahman J, Baldwin IT, Gase K. California TRV-based VIGS vectors mediate gene silencing at elevated temperatures but with greater growth stunting. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:553. [PMID: 34809584 PMCID: PMC8607596 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), a widely used functional genomics tool, requires growth temperatures typically lower than those of the plant's native environment. Enabling VIGS under native conditions in the field according to applicable safety regulations could be a revolutionary advance for ecological research. RESULTS Here, we report the development of an enhanced thermal tolerant VIGS vector system based on a TRV California isolate. cDNA clones representing the whole viral genome were sequenced and used to construct separate binary plant transformation vectors for functional elements of RNA1 (6765 nt) and RNA2 (3682 nt). VIGS of target genes was induced by transient transformation of the host plant with both vectors or by treating the host plant with sap from already VIGS induced plants. In Nicotiana attenuata the silencing efficiency of the PDS (phytoene desaturase) gene was 90% at 28 °C and 78% at 30 °C. Silencing at these temperatures was more prominent and durable than silencing induced by the widely used TRV PpK20-based pBINTRA6/pTV00 system, but was associated with a viral phenotype. Differences in the suppressor protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase sequences between the TRV California isolate and PpK20 may be the reason for their different thermal tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The new TRV California-based VIGS vectors induce gene silencing in Nicotiana attenuata at higher temperatures than the existing pBINTRA6/pTV00 vector system, but cause greater growth defects. The new vector system opens up an avenue to study genes functions in planta under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilur Rahman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Present address: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Garg A, Sharma S, Srivastava P, Ghosh S. Application of virus-induced gene silencing in Andrographis paniculata, an economically important medicinal plant. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1155-1162. [PMID: 33704567 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees] is one of the most studied medicinal plants for pharmaceutical properties and phytochemistry. However, functional genomics studies in kalmegh are so far limited due to the unavailability of a robust tool for gene silencing. Here, we tested the application of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in kalmegh using the well-known Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vectors and achieved targeted silencing of phytoene desaturase (ApPDS) which is essential in plants for carotenoid biosynthesis that protects chlorophyll from photooxidation. ApPDS silencing in kalmegh leaves developed a typical photobleaching phenotype. The silencing of ApPDS was confirmed by analysing ApPDS transcript level and determining chlorophyll content in the leaves of VIGS seedlings. The analysis revealed ~30% reduction in chlorophyll content, and 40 to 60% reduction in ApPDS transcript level in the leaves of VIGS seedlings. These findings clearly demonstrated the applicability of VIGS in kalmegh using TRV-based vectors. The VIGS protocol presented in this study might be useful for studying gene function related to medicinal and agricultural traits in kalmegh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Garg
- Plant Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Shubha Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Payal Srivastava
- Plant Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Srivastava P, Garg A, Misra RC, Chanotiya CS, Ghosh S. UGT86C11 is a novel plant UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in labdane diterpene biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101045. [PMID: 34363833 PMCID: PMC8427245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases constitute a large family of enzymes across all domains of life, but knowledge of their biochemical function remains largely incomplete, particularly in the context of plant specialized metabolism. The labdane diterpenes represent a large class of phytochemicals with many pharmacological benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic. The medicinal plant kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) produces bioactive labdane diterpenes; notably, the C19-hydroxyl diterpene (andrograpanin) is predominantly found as C19-O-glucoside (neoandrographolide), whereas diterpenes having additional hydroxylation(s) at C3 (14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide) or C3 and C14 (andrographolide) are primarily detected as aglycones, signifying scaffold-selective C19-O-glucosylation of diterpenes in planta. Here, we analyzed UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) activity and diterpene levels across various developmental stages and tissues and found an apparent correlation of UGT activity with the spatiotemporal accumulation of neoandrographolide, the major diterpene C19-O-glucoside. The biochemical analysis of recombinant UGTs preferentially expressed in neoandrographolide-accumulating tissues identified a previously uncharacterized UGT86 member (ApUGT12/UGT86C11) that catalyzes C19-O-glucosylation of diterpenes with strict scaffold selectivity. ApUGT12 localized to the cytoplasm and catalyzed diterpene C19-O-glucosylation in planta. The substrate selectivity demonstrated by the recombinant ApUGT12 expressed in plant and bacterium hosts was comparable to native UGT activity. Recombinant ApUGT12 showed significantly higher catalytic efficiency using andrograpanin compared with 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and trivial activity using andrographolide. Moreover, ApUGT12 silencing in plants led to a drastic reduction in neoandrographolide content and increased levels of andrograpanin. These data suggest the involvement of ApUGT12 in scaffold-selective C19-O-glucosylation of labdane diterpenes in plants. This knowledge of UGT86 function might help in developing plant chemotypes and synthesis of pharmacologically relevant diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Srivastava
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anchal Garg
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Phytochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Huang CY, Niu D, Kund G, Jones M, Albrecht U, Nguyen L, Bui C, Ramadugu C, Bowman KD, Trumble J, Jin H. Identification of citrus immune regulators involved in defence against Huanglongbing using a new functional screening system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:757-766. [PMID: 33108698 PMCID: PMC8051609 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease in the world. Almost all commercial citrus varieties are susceptible to the causal bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Currently, there are no effective management strategies to control HLB. HLB-tolerant traits have been reported in some citrus relatives and citrus hybrids, which offer a direct pathway for discovering natural defence regulators to combat HLB. Through comparative analysis of small RNA profiles and target gene expression between an HLB-tolerant citrus hybrid (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus reticulata) and a susceptible citrus variety, we identified a panel of candidate defence regulators for HLB-tolerance. These regulators display similar expression patterns in another HLB-tolerant citrus relative, with a distinct genetic and geographic background, the Sydney hybrid (Microcitrus virgata). Because the functional validation of candidate regulators in tree crops is always challenging, we developed a novel rapid functional screening method, using a C. Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso)/potato psyllid/Nicotiana benthamiana interaction system to mimic the natural transmission and infection circuit of the HLB complex. When combined with efficient virus-induced gene silencing in N. benthamiana, this innovative and cost-effective screening method allows for rapid identification and functional characterization of regulators involved in plant immune responses against HLB, such as the positive regulator BRCA1-Associated Protein, and the negative regulator Vascular Associated Death Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Yu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - DongDong Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
- Department of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentSouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida/IFASImmokaleeFLUSA
| | - Lincoln Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Christine Bui
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | | | - Kim D. Bowman
- US Horticultural Research LaboratoryAgricultural Research ServiceUSDAFort PierceFLUSA
| | | | - Hailing Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyCenter for Plant Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
- Institute for Integrative Genome BiologyUCRCAUSA
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Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a versatile tool for genetic studies that has been applied to a variety of plant species. With the advent of more accessible genomic and transcriptomic technology applied to an increasing range of plants, tools such as VIGS are being adapted to more non-model plants to explore genes relevant to agriculture and chemical discovery. In this protocol, we adapted VIGS technology to target genes in Nepeta cataria (catnip) and Nepeta mussinii (catmint). These plants carry biochemical and economical value for their production of nepetalactone, an iridoid which provokes a strong reaction in both house cats and aphids. We describe a method to target magnesium chelatase subunit H (CHlH), a gene often targeted as a visual marker for VIGS. Furthermore, we describe a method to simultaneously target two genes in a single plant, which aids in the study of genes found in key biochemical steps in the production of nepetalactone. This approach, which was successfully applied in two members of the Lamiaceae family (mint), could be adapted to other members of the mint family with economical and chemical value.
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Zakaria MM, Schemmerling B, Ober D. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale) Hairy Roots Results in the Complete Eradication of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:1498. [PMID: 33801907 PMCID: PMC7998174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and proliferative properties. However, its pharmaceutical application is hampered by the co-occurrence of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in its tissues. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach, we introduced detrimental mutations into the hss gene encoding homospermidine synthase (HSS), the first pathway-specific enzyme of PA biosynthesis. The resulting hairy root (HR) lines were analyzed for the type of gene-editing effect that they exhibited and for their homospermidine and PA content. Inactivation of only one of the two hss alleles resulted in HRs with significantly reduced levels of homospermidine and PAs, whereas no alkaloids were detectable in HRs with two inactivated hss alleles. PAs were detectable once again after the HSS-deficient HRs were fed homospermidine confirming that the inability of these roots to produce PAs was only attributable to the inactivated HSS and not to any unidentified off-target effect of the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Further analyses showed that PA-free HRs possessed, at least in traces, detectable amounts of homospermidine, and that the PA patterns of manipulated HRs were different from those of control lines. These observations are discussed with regard to the potential use of such a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach for the economical exploitation of in vitro systems in a medicinal plant and for further studies of PA biosynthesis in non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Zakaria
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Brigitte Schemmerling
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Dietrich Ober
- Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (M.M.Z.); (B.S.)
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Fei Y, Nyikó T, Molnar A. Non-perfectly matching small RNAs can induce stable and heritable epigenetic modifications and can be used as molecular markers to trace the origin and fate of silencing RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1900-1913. [PMID: 33524108 PMCID: PMC7913690 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short non-coding RNA molecules (sRNAs) play a fundamental role in gene regulation and development in higher organisms. They act as molecular postcodes and guide AGO proteins to target nucleic acids. In plants, sRNA-targeted mRNAs are degraded, reducing gene expression. In contrast, sRNA-targeted DNA sequences undergo cytosine methylation referred to as RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Cytosine methylation can suppress transcription, thus sRNAs are potent regulators of gene expression. sRNA-mediated RdDM is involved in genome stability through transposon silencing, mobile signalling for epigenetic gene control and hybrid vigour. Since cytosine methylation can be passed on to subsequent generations, RdDM contributes to transgenerational inheritance of the epigenome. Using a novel approach, which can differentiate between primary (inducer) and secondary (amplified) sRNAs, we show that initiation of heritable RdDM does not require complete sequence complementarity between the sRNAs and their nuclear target sequences. sRNAs with up to four regularly interspaced mismatches are potent inducers of RdDM, however, the number and disruptive nature of nucleotide polymorphisms negatively correlate with their efficacy. Our findings contribute to understanding how sRNA can directly shape the epigenome and may be used in designing the next generation of RNA silencing constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fei
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Tünde Nyikó
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi A. 4., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Attila Molnar
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Mohd Saad NS, Severn-Ellis AA, Pradhan A, Edwards D, Batley J. Genomics Armed With Diversity Leads the Way in Brassica Improvement in a Changing Global Environment. Front Genet 2021; 12:600789. [PMID: 33679880 PMCID: PMC7930750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the needs of a growing world population in the face of imminent climate change is a challenge; breeding of vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops is part of the race in meeting these demands. Available genetic diversity constituting the foundation of breeding is essential in plant improvement. Elite varieties, land races, and crop wild species are important resources of useful variation and are available from existing genepools or genebanks. Conservation of diversity in genepools, genebanks, and even the wild is crucial in preventing the loss of variation for future breeding efforts. In addition, the identification of suitable parental lines and alleles is critical in ensuring the development of resilient Brassica crops. During the past two decades, an increasing number of high-quality nuclear and organellar Brassica genomes have been assembled. Whole-genome re-sequencing and the development of pan-genomes are overcoming the limitations of the single reference genome and provide the basis for further exploration. Genomic and complementary omic tools such as microarrays, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and reverse genetics facilitate the study of crop evolution, breeding histories, and the discovery of loci associated with highly sought-after agronomic traits. Furthermore, in genomic selection, predicted breeding values based on phenotype and genome-wide marker scores allow the preselection of promising genotypes, enhancing genetic gains and substantially quickening the breeding cycle. It is clear that genomics, armed with diversity, is set to lead the way in Brassica improvement; however, a multidisciplinary plant breeding approach that includes phenotype = genotype × environment × management interaction will ultimately ensure the selection of resilient Brassica varieties ready for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences Western Australia and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Moran-Bertot I, Rodríguez-Cabrera L, Borras-Hidalgo O, Huang S, Kan Y, Wright DJ, Ayra-Pardo C. Potato virus X-mediated constitutive expression of Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana confers resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33546586 PMCID: PMC7866777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene was previously reported to enhance insect resistance to pathogen at high basal transcription rate. PxSDF2L1 shows similitude with the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2), an ER stress-induced chaperon protein that is highly conserved throughout animals and plants. The precise biological function of SDF2 is not clear, but its expression is required for innate immunity in plants. Here, we investigate whether a continuous expression of PxSDF2L1 in Nicotiana benthamiana can similarly confer resistance to plant pathogen, particularly, the black shank Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. RESULTS The N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with agrobacteria transformed with a PVX-based binary vector carrying the PxSDF2L1 gene; similar agroinoculation experiments with a PVX vector carrying the GFP gene were used for controls. In pot trials, agroinfected N. benthamiana plants constitutively expressing PxSDF2L1 showed a significant reduction of stem disease symptoms caused by the inoculation with P. parasitica, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We confirm a role of PxSDF2L1 in resistance to black shank, with a potential application to engineering active resistance against this oomycete in the commercial N. tabacum species and propose its evaluation in other crop families and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivis Moran-Bertot
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Orlando Borras-Hidalgo
- Plant Division, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Huang
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Denis J Wright
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- China-UK-NYNU-RRES Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University (NYNU), Nanyang, 473061, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Salava H, Thula S, Mohan V, Kumar R, Maghuly F. Application of Genome Editing in Tomato Breeding: Mechanisms, Advances, and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E682. [PMID: 33445555 PMCID: PMC7827871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants regularly face the changing climatic conditions that cause biotic and abiotic stress responses. The abiotic stresses are the primary constraints affecting crop yield and nutritional quality in many crop plants. The advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput approaches have enabled the researchers to use genome editing tools for the functional characterization of many genes useful for crop improvement. The present review focuses on the genome editing tools for improving many traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, quality, and nutritional aspects of tomato. Many candidate genes conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity stress have been successfully manipulated by gene modification and editing techniques such as RNA interference, insertional mutagenesis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9). In this regard, the genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, which is a fast and efficient technology that can be exploited to explore the genetic resources for the improvement of tomato and other crop plants in terms of stress tolerance and nutritional quality. The review presents examples of gene editing responsible for conferring both biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato simultaneously. The literature on using this powerful technology to improve fruit quality, yield, and nutritional aspects in tomato is highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of genome editing, public and political acceptance in tomato are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hymavathi Salava
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500064, India;
| | - Sravankumar Thula
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vijee Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500064, India;
| | - Fatemeh Maghuly
- Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Wang W, Nie J, Lv L, Gong W, Wang S, Yang M, Xu L, Li M, Du H, Huang L. A Valsa mali Effector Protein 1 Targets Apple ( Malus domestica) Pathogenesis-Related 10 Protein to Promote Virulence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741342. [PMID: 34691119 PMCID: PMC8528966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To successfully colonize the plants, the pathogenic microbes secrete a mass of effector proteins which manipulate host immunity. Apple valsa canker is a destructive disease caused by the weakly parasitic fungus Valsa mali. A previous study indicated that the V. mali effector protein 1 (VmEP1) is an essential virulence factor. However, the pathogenic mechanism of VmEP1 in V. mali remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the apple (Malus domestica) pathogenesis-related 10 proteins (MdPR10) are the virulence target of VmEP1 using a yeast two-hybrid screening. By bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), we confirmed that the VmEP1 interacts with MdPR10 in vivo. Silencing of MdPR10 notably enhanced the V. mali infection, and overexpression of MdPR10 markedly reduced its infection, which corroborates its positive role in plant immunity against V. mali. Furthermore, we showed that the co-expression of VmEP1 with MdPR10 compromised the MdPR10-mediated resistance to V. mali. Taken together, our results revealed a mechanism by which a V. mali effector protein suppresses the host immune responses by interfering with the MdPR10-mediated resistance to V. mali during the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiajun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Luqiong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuaile Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liangsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Huang,
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a label-free molecular imaging technique allowing an untargeted detection of a broad range of biomolecules and xenobiotics. MSI enables imaging of the spatial distribution of proteins, peptides, lipids and metabolites from a wide range of samples. To date, this technique is commonly applied to tissue sections in cancer diagnostics and biomarker development, but also molecular histology in general. Advances in the methodology and bioinformatics improved the resolution of MS images below the single cell level and increased the flexibility of the workflow. However, MSI-based research in virology is just starting to gain momentum and its full potential has not been exploited yet. In this review, we discuss the main applications of MSI in virology. We review important aspects of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI, the most widely used MSI technique in virology. In addition, we summarize relevant literature on MSI studies that aim to unravel virus-host interactions and virus pathogenesis, to elucidate antiviral drug kinetics and to improve current viral disease diagnostics. Collectively, these studies strongly improve our general understanding of virus-induced changes in the proteome, metabolome and metabolite distribution in host tissues of humans, animals and plants upon infection. Furthermore, latest MSI research provided important insights into the drug distribution and distribution kinetics, especially in antiretroviral research. Finally, MSI-based investigations of oncogenic viruses greatly increased our knowledge on tumor mass signatures and facilitated the identification of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Ramu VS, Dawane A, Lee S, Oh S, Lee H, Sun L, Senthil‐Kumar M, Mysore KS. Ribosomal protein QM/RPL10 positively regulates defence and protein translation mechanisms during nonhost disease resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1481-1494. [PMID: 32964634 PMCID: PMC7548997 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes play an integral part in plant growth, development, and defence responses. We report here the role of ribosomal protein large (RPL) subunit QM/RPL10 in nonhost disease resistance. The RPL10-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed compromised disease resistance against nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that many genes involved in defence and protein translation mechanisms were differentially affected due to silencing of NbRPL10. Arabidopsis AtRPL10 RNAi and rpl10 mutant lines showed compromised nonhost disease resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1 and P. syringae pv. tabaci. Overexpression of AtRPL10A in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced susceptibility against host pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. RPL10 interacts with the RNA recognition motif protein and ribosomal proteins RPL30, RPL23, and RPS30 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Silencing or mutants of genes encoding these RPL10-interacting proteins in N. benthamiana or Arabidopsis, respectively, also showed compromised disease resistance to nonhost pathogens. These results suggest that QM/RPL10 positively regulates the defence and translation-associated genes during nonhost pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemanna S. Ramu
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Labortory of Plant Functional GenomicsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Akashata Dawane
- Labortory of Plant Functional GenomicsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Present address:
Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterInstitute of Food and Agricultural ScienceUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
| | - Sunhee Oh
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | - Muthappa Senthil‐Kumar
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Present address:
National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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Chen HW, Lee PL, Wang CN, Hsu HJ, Chen JC. Silencing of PhLA, a CIN-TCP gene, causes defected petal conical epidermal cell formation and results in reflexed corolla lobes in petunia. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32940820 PMCID: PMC7498528 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TCP-domain proteins, plant specific transcription factors, play important roles in various developmental processes. CIN-TCPs control leaf curvature in simple leaf species while regulate leaf complexity in compound leaf species. However, the knowledge was largely based on findings in few model species. To extend our knowledge on this group of proteins in Solanaceae species, we identified a CIN-TCP gene from petunia, and studied its functions using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). RESULTS Consistently, silencing of CIN-TCPs increases complexity of tomato leaves, and enhances leaf curvature in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, in petunia (Petunia hybrida), silencing of petunia LA, a CIN-TCP, through VIGS did not obviously affect leaf shape. The silencing, however, enhanced petal curvature. The event was associated with petal expansion at the distal portion where epidermal cell size along the midribs was also increased. The enlarged epidermal cells became flattened. Although shapes of PhLA-silenced flowers largely resemble phmyb1 mutant phenotype, PhMYB1 expression was not affected when PhLA was specifically silenced. Therefore, both PhLA and PhMYB1 are required to regulate flower morphology. In corolla, PhLA and miR319 deferentially express in different regions with strong expressions in limb and tube region respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, unlike LA-like genes in tomato and N. benthamiana, PhLA plays a more defined role in flower morphogenesis, including petal curvature and epidermal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Lun Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ju Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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Nishii K, Fei Y, Hudson A, Möller M, Molnar A. Virus-induced Gene Silencing in Streptocarpus rexii (Gesneriaceae). Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:317-325. [PMID: 32146689 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many members of the family Gesneriaceae are cultivated as ornamental plants, including Cape primrose (Streptocarpus) species. The range of plant architecture found in this genus has also made it a model to study leaf and meristem development and their evolution. However, the lack of tools to study gene functions through reverse genetics in Streptocarpus has limited the exploitation of its genetic potential. To aid functional genomic studies in Streptocarpus rexii, we sought to investigate virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Using the broad host range Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) to target the PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) gene of S. rexii, we show that infection with sap from Nicotiana benthamiana triggered VIGS efficiently. VIGS was most effective in the seedling leaves 8 weeks after sowing, but was limited in duration and systemic spread. This study reports the first successful use of VIGS in Streptocarpus and in the family Gesneriaceae. The inoculation of viral sap derived from N. benthamiana was able to overcome the difficulties of standard Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in this genus. Irrespective of its transient effect, this VIGS system will be useful to assess gene function at the cellular level and represent an important tool for further understanding molecular mechanisms in Streptocarpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Nishii
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK.
- Kanagawa University, 2946, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, 259-1293, Japan.
| | - Yue Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Hudson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK
| | - Attila Molnar
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
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Jacobowitz JR, Weng JK. Exploring Uncharted Territories of Plant Specialized Metabolism in the Postgenomic Era. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:631-658. [PMID: 32176525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, humans have used plants for food, raw materials, and medicines, but only within the past two centuries have we begun to connect particular plant metabolites with specific properties and utilities. Since the utility of classical molecular genetics beyond model species is limited, the vast specialized metabolic systems present in the Earth's flora remain largely unstudied. With an explosion in genomics resources and a rapidly expanding toolbox over the past decade, exploration of plant specialized metabolism in nonmodel species is becoming more feasible than ever before. We review the state-of-the-art tools that have enabled this rapid progress. We present recent examples of de novo biosynthetic pathway discovery that employ various innovative approaches. We also draw attention to the higher-order organization of plant specialized metabolism at subcellular, cellular, tissue, interorgan, and interspecies levels, which will have important implications for the future design of comprehensive metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Jacobowitz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Liu S, Jaouannet M, Dempsey DA, Imani J, Coustau C, Kogel KH. RNA-based technologies for insect control in plant production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gao J, Shen L, Yuan J, Zheng H, Su Q, Yang W, Zhang L, Nnaemeka VE, Sun J, Ke L, Sun Y. Functional analysis of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR in colored fiber formation of Gossypium hirsutum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:455. [PMID: 31664897 PMCID: PMC6819470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of natural colored fibers mainly results from the accumulation of different anthocyanidins and their derivatives in the fibers of Gossypium hirsutum L. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first committed enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanidins are transported into fiber cells after biosynthesis mainly by Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to present diverse colors with distinct stability. The biochemical and molecular mechanism of pigment formation in natural colored cotton fiber is not clear. RESULTS The three key genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton. In the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic cottons, the expression levels of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR significantly decreased in the developing cotton fiber, negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanidins and the color depth of cotton fiber. In colored cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1) and the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic lines of ZX1, HZ and ZH, the anthocyanidin contents of the leaves, cotton kernels, the mixture of fiber and seedcoat were all changed and positively correlated with the fiber color. CONCLUSION The three genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed early in developing colored cotton fibers and identified to be a key genes of cotton fiber color formation. The expression levels of the three genes affected the anthocyanidin contents and fiber color depth. So the three genes played a crucial part in cotton fiber color formation and has important significant to improve natural colored cotton quality and create new colored cotton germplasm resources by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Gao
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Li Shen
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Quansheng Su
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Vitalis Ekene Nnaemeka
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
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