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Ascorbate content of clinical glioma tissues is related to tumour grade and to global levels of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14845. [PMID: 36050369 PMCID: PMC9436949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are incurable brain cancers with poor prognosis, with epigenetic dysregulation being a distinctive feature. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), an intermediate generated in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine, is present at reduced levels in glioma tissue compared with normal brain, and that higher levels of 5-hmC are associated with improved patient survival. DNA demethylation is enzymatically driven by the ten–eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases that require ascorbate as an essential cofactor. There is limited data on ascorbate in gliomas and the relationship between ascorbate and 5-hmC in gliomas has never been reported. Clinical glioma samples (11 low-grade, 26 high-grade) were analysed for ascorbate, global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, and methylation status of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. Low-grade gliomas contained significantly higher levels of ascorbate than high-grade gliomas (p = 0.026). Levels of 5-hmC were significantly higher in low-grade than high-grade glioma (p = 0.0013). There was a strong association between higher ascorbate and higher 5-hmC (p = 0.004). Gliomas with unmethylated and methylated MGMT promoters had similar ascorbate levels (p = 0.96). One mechanism by which epigenetic modifications could occur is through ascorbate-mediated optimisation of TET activity in gliomas. These findings open the door to clinical intervention trials in patients with glioma to provide both mechanistic information and potential avenues for adjuvant ascorbate therapy.
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Tong Y, Yang D, Mi X, Song Y, Xin W, Zhong L, Shi Z, Xu G, Ding H, Fang L. Modified microvessel density based on perfusion distance: a preferable NSCLC prognostic factor. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:43. [PMID: 35282046 PMCID: PMC8848420 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the vital role of blood perfusion in tumor progression, the prognostic value of typical blood perfusion markers, such as microvessel density (MVD) or microvessel area (MVA), in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. This study established a modified MVD (mMVD) measurement based on perfusion distance and determined its prognostic value in patients with NSCLC. Methods A total of 100 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in this retrospective study. The intratumor microvessels of NSCLC patients were visualized using immunohistochemical staining for CD31. The blood perfusion distance was evaluated as the distance from each vessel to its nearest cancer cell (Dmvcc), and the cutoff value for prognosis was determined. Apart from the total MVD (tMVD), microvessels near cancer cells within the cutoff-Dmvcc were counted as mMVD. Predictive values for mortality and recurrence were evaluated and compared. Results The Dmvcc ranged from 1.6 to 269.8 µm (median, 13.1 µm). The mMVD (range: 2-70; median 23) was counted from tMVD according to the cutoff-Dmvcc (~20 µm). Compared with tMVD, a larger fraction of mMVD (80% vs. 2.9%) played a significant role in overall survival, with an improved area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) (0.74 vs. 0.56). A high mMVD was an independent positive indicator of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, tMVD was only related to PFS at the optimal cutoff. Conclusions Perfusion-distance-based mMVD is a promising prognostic factor for NSCLC patients with superior sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability compared to tMVD. This study provides novel insights into the prognostic role of tumor vessel perfusion in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Tong
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dihong Yang
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Mi
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Xin
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Like Zhong
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- The Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoqi Xu
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiying Ding
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo Fang
- The Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Bouleftour W, Rowinski E, Louati S, Sotton S, Wozny AS, Moreno-Acosta P, Mery B, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magne N. A Review of the Role of Hypoxia in Radioresistance in Cancer Therapy. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e934116. [PMID: 34728593 PMCID: PMC8573967 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia involves neoplastic cells. Unlike normal tissue, solid tumors are composed of aberrant vasculature, leading to a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia is also known to be involved in both metastasis initiation and therapy resistance. Radiotherapy is the appropriate treatment in about half of all cancers, but loco-regional control failure and a disease recurrence often occur due to clinical radioresistance. Hypoxia induces radioresistance through a number of molecular pathways, and numerous strategies have been developed to overcome this. Nevertheless, these strategies have resulted in disappointing results, including adverse effects and limited efficacy. Additional clinical studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the complex hypoxia pathways. This review presents an update on the mechanisms of hypoxia in radioresistance in solid tumors and the potential therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Bouleftour
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Elise Rowinski
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Safa Louati
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Sotton
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pablo Moreno-Acosta
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Benoite Mery
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Magne
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.,Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Ding H, Sun J, Song Y, Xin W, Zhu J, Zhong L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tong Y, Fang L. Long Distance From Microvessel to Cancer Cell Predicts Poor Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632352. [PMID: 34178623 PMCID: PMC8226084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood supply, which is crucial for nutrition and drug delivery, was determined by microvessel density as well as the diffusion distance between vessels and cancer cells. Therefore, we evaluated the distance from microvessels to cancer cells (Dmvcc) and its role in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Patients with primary NSCLC were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor samples were immunochemically stained with CD31 to visualize the microvessels. The Dmvcc was defined as the mean distance from each microvessel to its nearest cancer cell in the "hot-spot" of an individual patient. The patients were stratified into short- and long-distance groups using five strategies, including dichotomy by the median value, optimal cutoff, trichotomy, quartation and per-10 µm increase. The correlation between the Dmvcc and survival was evaluated by using univariate and multivariate analyses with various Dmvcc strategies. Results In total, 100 patients were analyzed. The median value of Dmvcc was 13.1 μm (ranged, 1.6 to 269.7 μm; mean value, 24.4 ± 33.5 μm). The optimal cutoff value of Dmvcc for predicting survival outcome was 20 μm. Dmvcc was significantly related to overall survival (OS) with all the five categories (p = 0.001-0.000004) and progression-free survival (PFS) categorized by optimal cutoff value (p = 0.024), trichotomy (p = 0.041) and per-10 µm increase (p = 0.040) after adjusting for other factors. Patients with longer Dmvcc (≥20 μm) were observed to have poor survival outcomes (OS: HR = 13.5, 95CI: 4.42-41.18, p = 0.000005; PFS: 3.26, 95CI: 1.56-6.81, p = 0.002). A high Dmvcc per-10 µm was associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer-related death and progression by 98% (p = 0.0001) and 30% (p = 0.044), respectively. Conclusion The NSCLC tissues had varying distances from microvessels to cancer cells, and long distances were strongly associated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Like Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Impact of Size and Location of Metastases on Early Tumor Shrinkage and Depth of Response in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Subgroup Findings of the Randomized, Open-Label Phase 3 Trial FIRE-3/AIO KRK-0306. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2020; 19:291-300.e5. [PMID: 32917529 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) are used to define degrees of response to chemotherapy. For accelerated response evaluation, early tumor shrinkage (ETS) of ≥ 20% has been suggested as a predictor for outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Together with depth of response (DpR), new alternative metrics have been provided, yielding promising outcome parameters. In this analysis, we aimed to further characterize ETS and DpR. PATIENTS AND METHODS This analysis was based on FIRE-3, a randomized phase 3 trial comparing first-line FOLFIRI plus either cetuximab or bevacizumab in KRAS exon 2 wild-type mCRC. ETS and DpR were determined on the basis of RECIST 1.1 in a blinded radiologic review. ETS was evaluated as a categorized (≥ 20% shrinkage) and continuous parameter. The impact of baseline location and size of metastases on ETS and DpR were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of 592 patients, 395 (66.7%) had data available for radiologic review. Median continuous ETS for lung, liver, and suspected lymph node metastases was 20%, 23%, and 30%, respectively. The median DpR was -32%, -44%, and -50%, respectively (all P < .01). In multivariate analysis, lung metastases were significantly associated with inferior DpR (P = .021), whereas hepatic metastases led to higher DpR (P = .024). Large metastases were associated with favorable ETS, whereas small metastases were correlated with higher DpR (P < .001). CONCLUSION ETS and DpR depend on the location and size of metastases in mCRC. These associations may establish the basis for further research to optimize the predictive accuracy of both parameters. This may help basing treatment decisions on ETS and DpR.
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Yang WJ, Zhang GL, Cao KX, Liu XN, Wang XM, Yu MW, Li JP, Yang GW. Heparanase from triple‑negative breast cancer and platelets acts as an enhancer of metastasis. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:890-904. [PMID: 32945393 PMCID: PMC7473754 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is characterized by inherently aggressive behavior and lack of recognized molecular targets for therapy, poses a serious threat to women's health worldwide. However, targeted treatments have yet to be made available. A crosstalk between tumor cells and platelets (PLT) contributing to growth, angiogenesis and metastasis has been reported in numerous cancers. Heparanase (Hpa), the only mammalian endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, has been demonstrated to contribute to the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of numerous cancers. Hypoxia affects the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of nearly all solid tumors, and the ability of Hpa to promote invasion is enhanced in hypoxia. However, whether Hpa can strengthen the crosstalk between tumor cells and PLT, and whether enhancing the biological function of Hpa in TNBC promotes malignant progression, have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study, based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, demonstrated that Hpa enhanced the crosstalk between TNBC cells and PLT to increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients, while also conferring tolerance of TNBC cells to oxygen and nutrient shortage, both of which are important for overcoming the stress of hypoxia and nutritional deprivation in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting malignant progression, including growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in TNBC. In addition, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF- a)/phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-)Akt axis may be the key pathway involved in the effects of Hpa on the biological processes mentioned above. Therefore, improving local hypoxia, anti-Hpa treatment and inhibiting PLT activation may improve the prognosis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Wei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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Nojosa Oliveira L, Aguiar Gonçales R, Garcia Silva M, Melo Lima R, Vieira Tomazett M, Santana de Curcio J, Domiraci Paccez J, Milhomem Cruz-Leite VR, Rodrigues F, de Sousa Lima P, Pereira M, de Almeida Soares CM. Characterization of a heme-protein responsive to hypoxia in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103446. [PMID: 32822859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is fundamental to the life of aerobic organisms and is not always available to Paracoccidioides cells. During the life cycle stages, reduced oxygen levels directly affect general metabolic processes and oxygen adaptation mechanisms may play a fundamental role on fungal ability to survive under such condition. Heme proteins can bind to oxygen and participate in important biological processes. Several fungi, including Paracoccidioides, express a heme-binding globin (fungoglobin - FglA) presumable to regulate fungal adaptation to hypoxia. However, the characterization of fungoglobin in Paracoccidioides spp. has not yet been performed. In this study, we predicted the structure of fungoglobin and determined its level of expression during hypoxic-mimetic conditions. Genomic screening revealed that the fungoglobin gene is conserved in all species of the Paracoccidioides genus. Molecular modeling showed biochemical and biophysical characteristics that support the hypothesis that FglA binds to the heme group and oxygen as well. The fungoglobin transcript and proteins are expressed at higher levels at the early treatment time, remaining elevated while oxygen is limited. A P. brasiliensis fglA knockdown strain depicted reduced growth in hypoxia indicating that this protein can be essential for growth at low oxygen. Biochemical analysis confirmed the binding of fungoglobin to heme. Initial analyzes were carried out to establish the relationship between FlglA and iron metabolism. The FglA transcript was up regulated in pulmonary infection, suggesting its potential role in the disease establishment. We believe that this study can contribute to the understanding of fungal biology and open new perspectives for scientific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Nojosa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Relber Aguiar Gonçales
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marielle Garcia Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Raisa Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mariana Vieira Tomazett
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santana de Curcio
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliano Domiraci Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rafaela Milhomem Cruz-Leite
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB II, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Metwali H, Raemaekers M, Ibrahim T, Samii A. The Fluctuations of Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Signals as a Method of Brain Tumor Characterization: A Preliminary Report. World Neurosurg 2020; 142:e10-e17. [PMID: 32360673 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we present the nature and characteristic of the fluctuation of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals measured from brain tumors. METHODS Supratentorial astrocytomas, which were neither operated nor previously managed with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, were segmented, and the time series of the BOLD signal fluctuations were extracted. The mean (across patients) power spectra were plotted for the different World Health Organization tumor grades. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify significant differences between the power spectra of different tumor grades. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 58 patients were included in the study. This group of patients included 1 patient with grade I glioma; 15 with grade II; 12 with grade III; and 30 with grade IV. The power spectra of the tumor time series were individually inspected, and all tumors exhibited high peaks at the lower frequency signals, but these were more pronounced in high-grade tumors. ANOVA showed a significant difference in power spectra between groups (P = 0.000). Post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction showed a significant difference between grade II and grade III (P = 0.012) and grade IV (P = 0.000). There was no significant power spectra difference between grade III and IV tumors (P = 1). CONCLUSIONS The power spectra of BOLD signals from tumor tissue showed fluctuations in the low-frequency signals and were significantly correlated with tumor grade. These signals could have a misleading effect when analyzing resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and could be also viewed as a potential method of tumor characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Metwali
- Kliniken Nordoberpfalz AG, Klinikum Weiden, Department of Neurosurgery, Weiden, Germany.
| | - Mathijs Raemaekers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamer Ibrahim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
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Munoz CJ, Lucas A, Williams AT, Cabrales P. A Review on Microvascular Hemodynamics: The Control of Blood Flow Distribution and Tissue Oxygenation. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36:293-305. [PMID: 32172814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The microcirculation is a complex network of vessels ranging from as large as 100 μm to as small as 5 μm. This complex network is responsible for the regulation of oxygen to the surrounding tissues and ensures metabolite washout. With a more complete understanding of the microcirculation's physiologic and pathologic tendencies, engineers can create new solutions to combat blood pathologies and shock-related diseases. Over the last number of decades a grown interest in the microcirculation has resulted in the development of fundamental techniques to quantify the microvasculature flow and the release of oxygen to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Munoz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA.
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10
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Loboda A, Smolanka Sr I, Orel VE, Syvak L, Golovko T, Dosenko I, Lyashenko A, Smolanka I, Dasyukevich O, Tarasenko T, Orel VB, Rykhalskyi A, Ganich O, Mokhonko O. Efficacy of Combination Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Regional Inductive Moderate Hyperthermia in the Treatment of Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820963599. [PMID: 33025843 PMCID: PMC7545767 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820963599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with regional inductive moderate hyperthermia for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS 200 patients with stage IIB-IIIA breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (control group, n = 97) or chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia (experimental group, n = 103). Inductive hyperthermia was set at 27.12 ± 0.16 MHz and the 50 W output power. RESULTS Thermal and color Doppler ultrasound imaging demonstrated that hyperthermia increased the surface temperature on the breasts to < 4°С while the mean values for systolic blood flow were 3.5 times as high as those prior to treatment. Assessment of tumor size and response found a (31.24 ± 3.85)% reduction in the size of the primary tumor in patients receiving chemotherapy + hyperthermia, while chemotherapy alone showed a (22.95 ± 3.61)% decrease on average (p = 0.034). The rate of objective response increased by 15.9% in the experimental group (р = 0.034) compared with the control group. The patients in the experimental group also had axillary lymph node regression of 14.17% greater than in the control group (p = 0.011). Moreover, the combination treatment allowed to increase the proportion of women eligible for breast-conserving and reconstructive surgery by 13.63% in the experimental group. The viable tumor volume was lower in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy + hyperthermia (24.4 ± 0.2)% compared with those given chemotherapy alone (30.4 ± 0.25)%. The 10-year overall survival rates were higher (log-rank: p = 0.009) in breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia than in patients receiving chemotherapy only. CONCLUSION The combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the technology of regional inductive moderate hyperthermia improved the efficacy of treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer staged IIB-IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerii E. Orel
- National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Biomedical Engineering Department, “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleksandr Mokhonko
- Biomedical Engineering Department, “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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Exploiting Current Understanding of Hypoxia Mediated Tumour Progression for Nanotherapeutic Development. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121989. [PMID: 31835751 PMCID: PMC6966647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common phenotypes of malignant tumours. Hypoxia leads to the increased activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which regulate the expression of genes controlling a raft of pro-tumour phenotypes. These include maintenance of the cancer stem cell compartment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and metabolic reprogramming. Hypoxia can also contribute to the tumour progression in a HIF-independent manner via the activation of a complex signalling network pathway, including JAK-STAT, RhoA/ROCK, NF-κB and PI3/AKT. Recent studies suggest that nanotherapeutics offer a unique opportunity to target the hypoxic microenvironment, enhancing the therapeutic window of conventional therapeutics. In this review, we summarise recent advances in understanding the impact of hypoxia on tumour progression, while outlining possible nanotherapeutic approaches for overcoming hypoxia-mediated resistance.
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12
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Mennerich D, Kubaichuk K, Kietzmann T. DUBs, Hypoxia, and Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:632-653. [PMID: 31706510 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitylation and hypoxia are commonly associated with cancer. Ubiquitylation is carried out by three sequentially acting ubiquitylating enzymes and can be opposed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as promising drug targets. Apart from protein localization and activity, ubiquitylation regulates degradation of proteins, among them hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Thereby, various E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs regulate HIF abundance. Conversely, several E3s and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia. While hypoxia is a powerful HIF regulator, less is known about hypoxia-regulated DUBs and their impact on HIFs. Here, we review current knowledge about the relationship of E3s, DUBs, and hypoxia signaling. We also discuss the reciprocal regulation of DUBs by hypoxia and use of DUB-specific drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
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13
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Growth and protease secretion of Scedosporium aurantiacum under conditions of hypoxia. Microbiol Res 2018; 216:23-29. [PMID: 30269853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the micro-environmental stresses that fungal pathogens, such as Scedosporium aurantiacum, colonising human lungs encounter in vivo is hypoxia, or deficiency of oxygen. In this work, we studied the impacts of a hypoxic micro-environment (oxygen levels ≤1%) on the growth of a clinical S. aurantiacum isolate (WM 06.482; CBS 136046) and an environmental strain (S. aurantiacum WM 10.136; CBS 136049) on mucin-containing synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium. Additionally, profiles of secreted proteases were compared between the two isolates and protease activity was assessed using class-specific substrates and inhibitors. Overall, both isolates grew slower and produced less biomass under hypoxia compared to normoxic conditions. The pH of the medium decreased to 4.0 over the cultivation time, indicating that S. aurantiacum released acidic compounds into the medium. Accordingly, secreted proteases of the two isolates were dominated by acidic proteases, including aspartic and cysteine proteases, with optimal protease activity at pH 4.0 and 6.0 respectively. The clinical isolate produced higher aspartic and cysteine protease activities. Conversely, all serine proteases, including elastase-like, trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and subtilisin-like proteases had higher activities in the environmental isolate. Sequence similarities to 13 secreted proteases were identified by mass spectrometry (MS) by searching against other fungal proteases in the NCBI database. Results from MS analysis were consistent with those from activity assays. The clinical highly-virulent, and environmental low-virulence S. aurantiacum isolates responded differently to hypoxia in terms of the type of proteases secreted, which may reflect their different virulence properties.
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14
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Mikalsen SG, Jeppesen Edin N, Sandvik JA, Pettersen EO. Separation of two sub-groups with different DNA content after treatment of T-47D breast cancer cells with low dose-rate irradiation and intermittent hypoxia. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:26-33. [PMID: 28350256 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117699999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that combined treatment with internal ultra-low dose-rate irradiation selectively inactivated hypoxic T-47D breast cancer cells after three to five weeks of treatment. However, 2-3% of the hypoxic cells were found to survive and restart proliferation upon re-oxygenation. Purpose To investigate the metastatic potential and characteristics of radiosensitivity of these surviving cells, named T - 47 DS. Material and Methods The T - 47 DS cells were grown in ambient air without irradiation. A cloning experiment identified two sub-groups with different DNA content ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, radiosensitivity and presence of hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) was measured by Co-60 challenge irradiation and relative migration was determined by scratch assays. Results The two subpopulations of T - 47 DS had different DNA content; one had abnormally high DNA content ([Formula: see text]) and one had DNA content similar to wild-type T-47D cells ([Formula: see text]). HRS was surprisingly present in cells of the cloned population [Formula: see text], but was absent in cells of both [Formula: see text] and T - 47 DS. The radio response of T - 47 DS, [Formula: see text] at higher radiation doses were similar to that of T-47D cells, and neither subpopulation showed increased migration compared with wild-type T-47D. Conclusion No increase in the risk of metastasis was found and only slight changes in radiosensitivity in response to conventional clinical doses was observed. Thus, the data suggest that if ultra-low dose-rate irradiation is used for targeting the hypoxic tumor fraction, conventional high dose-rate irradiation can be used to eradicate eventual surviving cells as well as cells in the well oxygenated areas of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gyland Mikalsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Panek R, Welsh L, Baker LCJ, Schmidt MA, Wong KH, Riddell AM, Koh DM, Dunlop A, Mcquaid D, d'Arcy JA, Bhide SA, Harrington KJ, Nutting CM, Hopkinson G, Richardson C, Box C, Eccles SA, Leach MO, Robinson SP, Newbold KL. Noninvasive Imaging of Cycling Hypoxia in Head and Neck Cancer Using Intrinsic Susceptibility MRI. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4233-4241. [PMID: 28314789 PMCID: PMC5516915 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate intrinsic susceptibility (IS) MRI for the identification of cycling hypoxia, and the assessment of its extent and spatial distribution, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts and patients.Experimental Design: Quantitation of the transverse relaxation rate, R2*, which is sensitive to paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin, using serial IS-MRI acquisitions, was used to monitor temporal oscillations in levels of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in human CALR xenografts and patients with HNSCC at 3T. Autocovariance and power spectrum analysis of variations in R2* was performed for each imaged voxel, to assess statistical significance and frequencies of cycling changes in tumor blood oxygenation. Pathologic correlates with tumor perfusion (Hoechst 33342), hypoxia (pimonidazole), and vascular density (CD31) were sought in the xenografts, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI was used to assess patient tumor vascularization. The prevalence of fluctuations within patient tumors, DCE parameters, and treatment outcome were reported.Results: Spontaneous R2* fluctuations with a median periodicity of 15 minutes were detected in both xenografts and patient tumors. Spatially, these fluctuations were predominantly associated with regions of heterogeneous perfusion and hypoxia in the CALR xenografts. In patients, R2* fluctuations spatially correlated with regions of lymph nodes with low Ktrans values, typically in the vicinity of necrotic cores.Conclusions: IS-MRI can be used to monitor variations in levels of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin, associated with cycling hypoxia. The presence of such fluctuations may be linked with impaired tumor vasculature, the presence of which may impact treatment outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4233-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Panek
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Welsh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren C J Baker
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Schmidt
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kee H Wong
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Riddell
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Dunlop
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dualta Mcquaid
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A d'Arcy
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shreerang A Bhide
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Carol Box
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin O Leach
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- CR-UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate L Newbold
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Gupta P, Meena RC, Kumar N. Functional analysis of selected deletion mutants in Candida glabrata under hypoxia. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:193. [PMID: 28664376 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased drug resistance in Candida glabrata (a model non-albicans Candida) calls for the identification of potential molecular targets for the development of effective drugs. Hypoxia (a state of low oxygen) is an important host factor, which affects the virulence of the pathogen and efficacy of drugs. In the present study, in vitro characterization of 13 null mutants of C. glabrata were done under hypoxic condition (1% O2). These mutants have a major role to play in cellular pathways, viability and pathogenesis (cell wall biosynthesis, ergosterol synthesis, calcium-calcineurin, etc.). The in vitro growth, biofilm formation and susceptibility of biofilm to antifungal drugs of these mutants were compared with the control. Hypoxia reduced the susceptibility of planktonic cells to fluconazole. The mutants ecm33Δ, kre1Δ, rox1Δ, and kre2Δ showed maximum reductions in their biofilm activities (>20%). The selected mutants (upc2BΔ, kre2 Δ, ecm7Δ, rox1 Δ, mid1Δ, ecm33Δ, cch1Δ, kre1Δ) showed reduced biofilm activities (>30%) in the presence of 16 μg ml-1 fluconazole under hypoxia. Functional analysis revealed that Kre1, Ecm33, Upc2B, Kre2, Ecm7, Cch1, Mid1 and Rox1 can be explored as a potential drug target for developing novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Meena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, Delhi, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
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17
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Feng W, Shi R, Zhang C, Yu T, Zhu D. Lookup-table-based inverse model for mapping oxygen concentration of cutaneous microvessels using hyperspectral imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:3481-3495. [PMID: 28241562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging combining with skin optical clearing technique provides a possible way to non-invasively monitor hemodynamics of cutaneous microvessels. In order to estimate microvascular blood oxygen saturation, in this work, a lookup-table-based inverse model was developed to extract the microvascular optical and physiological properties using hyperspectral analysis. This approach showed a higher fitting degree than currently existing hyperspectral analysis methods (i.e. multiple linear regression and non-negative least square fit) in estimating blood oxygen saturation. Hypoxic stimulation experiment showed that calculated results were in accordance with physiological changes, and the relative changes of estimated oxygen saturation indicated this method appeared to be more sensitive to blood oxygen fluctuation. And a simulated blood model was used for verification here, indicating this method also showed a good accuracy in determining oxygen saturation from the simulated spectra.
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18
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Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in predicting progression of enhancing lesions persisting after standard treatment in glioblastoma patients: a prospective study. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:3156-3166. [PMID: 27975145 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in predicting the progression of enhancing lesions persisting after standard treatment in patients with surgically resected glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS Forty-seven GBM patients, who underwent near-total tumorectomy followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with temozolomide (TMZ) between May 2014 and February 2016, were enrolled. Twenty-four patients were finally analyzed for measurable enhancing lesions persisting after standard treatment. DCE-MRI parameters were calculated at enhancing lesions. Mann-Whitney U tests and multivariable stepwise logistic regression were used to compare parameters between progression (n = 16) and non-progression (n = 8) groups. RESULTS Mean Ktrans and ve were significantly lower in progression than in non-progression (P = 0.037 and P = 0.037, respectively). The 5th percentile of the cumulative Ktrans histogram was also significantly lower in the progression than in non-progression group (P = 0.017). Mean ve was the only independent predictor of progression (P = 0.007), with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 63%, and an overall accuracy of 88% at a cut-off value of 0.873. CONCLUSIONS DCE-MRI may help predict the progression of enhancing lesions persisting after the completion of standard treatment in patients with surgically resected GBM, with mean ve serving as an independent predictor of progression. KEY POINTS • Enhancing lesions may persist after standard treatment in GBM patients. • DCE-MRI may help predict the progression of the enhancing lesions. • Mean K trans and v e were lower in progression than in non-progression group. • DCE-MRI may help identify patients requiring close follow-up after standard treatment. • DCE-MRI may help plan treatment strategies for GBM patients.
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19
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Duan LS, Wang MJ, Sun F, Zhao ZJ, Xing M, Zang YF, Louis S, Cui SJ, Cui JL, Zhang H. Characterizing the Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Fluctuations in Musculoskeletal Tumours Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36522. [PMID: 27845359 PMCID: PMC5109174 DOI: 10.1038/srep36522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations in benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumours via power spectrum analyses in pre-established low-frequency bands. BOLD MRI and T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) were collected for 52 patients with musculoskeletal tumours. Three ROIs were drawn on the T1WI image in the tumours' central regions, peripheral regions and neighbouring tissue. The power spectrum of the BOLD within each ROI was calculated and divided into the following four frequency bands: 0.01-0.027 Hz, 0.027-0.073 Hz, 0.073-0.198 Hz, and 0.198-0.25 Hz. ANOVA was conducted for each frequency band with the following two factors: the location of the region of interest (LoR, three levels: tumour "centre", "peripheral" and "healthy tissue") and tumour characteristic (TC, two levels: "malignant" and "benign"). There was a significant main effect of LoR in the frequencies of 0.073-0.198 Hz and 0.198-0.25 Hz. These data were further processed with post-hoc pair-wise comparisons. BOLD fluctuations at 0.073-0.198 Hz were stronger in the peripheral than central regions of the malignant tumours; however, no such difference was observed for the benign tumours. Our findings provide evidence that the BOLD signal fluctuates with spatial heterogeneity in malignant musculoskeletal tumours at the frequency band of 0.073-0.198 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Mei Xing
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Steven Louis
- Physics Department, Oakland University, 190 Science and Engineering Building, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401, USA
| | - Sheng-Jie Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Jian-Ling Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.,Hebei Province Biomechanical Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.,Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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20
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Truong AS, Lockett MR. Oxygen as a chemoattractant: confirming cellular hypoxia in paper-based invasion assays. Analyst 2016; 141:3874-82. [PMID: 27138213 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00630b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia, is a common occurrence in solid tumors. Hypoxia is a master regulator of cellular phenotype, and is associated with increased tumor invasion and aggressiveness as well as adverse patient prognosis. Oxygen has recently been linked with the selective movement of different cancer cell types in three-dimensional invasion assays utilizing paper-based scaffolds. It has remained unclear, however, if cells in these paper-based invasion assays are experiencing hypoxia. In this manuscript, we adapted cell-based methods to measure oxygen tension in our 3D invasion assays: the adduction of pimonidazole to free thiols in the cell, indicative of a reducing environment; the localization of hypoxia inducible factors to the nucleus; and the expression of hypoxia-regulated gene products. We utilized each method to compare the oxygen tension in different locations of the paper-based invasion stacks and found an oxygen gradient is indeed forming. Specifically, we found that the extent of pimonidazole binding, as well as the levels and activities of nucleus-localized HIF-α proteins, increase as the distance between the cells and the source of fresh medium increases. These complementary cell-based readouts not only confirm the selective invasion we observe is due to an oxygen gradient, they also show the gradient is temporal in nature and evolves with increasing culture period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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21
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Leung CON, Wong CCL, Fan DNY, Kai AKL, Tung EKK, Xu IMJ, Ng IOL, Lo RCL. PIM1 regulates glycolysis and promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10880-92. [PMID: 25834102 PMCID: PMC4484426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characteristically one of the most rapidly proliferating tumors which outgrows functional blood supply and results in regional oxygen deprivation. Overexpression of PIM1, a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified recently in human cancers. Knowledge on PIM1 in HCC is however, scarce. By immunohistochemical analysis on 56 human primary HCC samples, we observed overexpression of PIM1 in 39% of the cases. In two independent cohorts of paired primary and extra-hepatic metastatic HCC tissues, PIM1 expression was higher (p=0.002) in the extra-hepatic metastatic HCC tissues as compared with the corresponding primary HCCs. PIM1 was markedly up-regulated in multiple HCC cell lines in hypoxic condition (1% O2) versus normoxia (20% O2). Silencing of PIM1 suppressed HCC cell invasion in vitro as compared to non-target control, and decreased HCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and metastatic potential in vivo. Knockdown of PIM1 significantly reduced glucose uptake by HCC cells and was associated with decreased levels of p-AKT and key molecules in the glycolytic pathway. Taken together, PIM1 is up-regulated by hypoxia in HCC and promotes tumor growth and metastasis through facilitating cancer cell glycolysis. Targeting PIM1 may have potential role in the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Chak-lui Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Alan Ka-lun Kai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Iris Ming-jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Oi-lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Regina Cheuk-lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Lima PDS, Chung D, Bailão AM, Cramer RA, Soares CMDA. Characterization of the Paracoccidioides Hypoxia Response Reveals New Insights into Pathogenesis Mechanisms of This Important Human Pathogenic Fungus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004282. [PMID: 26659387 PMCID: PMC4686304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic microenvironments are generated during fungal infection. It has been described that to survive in the human host, fungi must also tolerate and overcome in vivo microenvironmental stress conditions including low oxygen tension; however nothing is known how Paracoccidioides species respond to hypoxia. The genus Paracoccidioides comprises human thermal dimorphic fungi and are causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important mycosis in Latin America. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this work, a detailed hypoxia characterization was performed in Paracoccidioides. Using NanoUPLC-MSE proteomic approach, we obtained a total of 288 proteins differentially regulated in 12 and 24 h of hypoxia, providing a global view of metabolic changes during this stress. In addition, a functional characterization of the homologue to the most important molecule involved in hypoxia responses in other fungi, the SREBP (sterol regulatory element binding protein) was performed. We observed that Paracoccidioides species have a functional homologue of SREBP, named here as SrbA, detected by using a heterologous genetic approach in the srbA null mutant in Aspergillus fumigatus. Paracoccidioides srbA (PbsrbA), in addition to involvement in hypoxia, is probable involved in iron adaptation and azole drug resistance responses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In this study, the hypoxia was characterized in Paracoccidioides. The first results can be important for a better understanding of the fungal adaptation to the host and improve the arsenal of molecules for the development of alternative treatment options in future, since molecules related to fungal adaptation to low oxygen levels are important to virulence and pathogenesis in human pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Gonçalves MR, Johnson SP, Ramasawmy R, Pedley RB, Lythgoe MF, Walker-Samuel S. Decomposition of spontaneous fluctuations in tumour oxygenation using BOLD MRI and independent component analysis. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1168-77. [PMID: 26484634 PMCID: PMC4647875 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumours can undergo cycles of hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation, which can have significant implications for the success of anticancer therapies. A need therefore exists to develop methods to aid its detection and to further characterise its biological basis. We present here a novel method for decomposing systemic and tumour-specific contributions to fluctuations in tumour deoxyhaemoglobin concentration, based on magnetic resonance imaging measurements. METHODS Fluctuations in deoxyhaemoglobin concentration in two tumour xenograft models of colorectal carcinoma were decomposed into distinct contributions using independent component analysis. These components were then correlated with systemic pulse oximetry measurements to assess the influence of systemic variations in blood oxygenation in tumours, compared with those that arise within the tumour itself (tumour-specific). Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the physiological basis of each source of fluctuation. RESULTS Systemic fluctuations in blood oxygenation were found to contribute to cycling hypoxia in tumours, but tumour-specific fluctuations were also evident. Moreover, the size of the tumours was found to influence the degree of systemic, but not tumour-specific, oscillations. The degree of vessel maturation was related to the amplitude of tumour-specific, but not systemic, oscillations. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further insights into the complexity of spontaneous fluctuations in tumour oxygenation and its relationship with tumour pathophysiology. These observations could be used to develop improved drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel R Gonçalves
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - S Peter Johnson
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumours that significantly reduces the efficacy of conventional radiation therapy. In this study we investigated the role of hypoxia in a stereotactic radiation schedule by using a variety of hypoxic modifiers in a preclinical tumour model. MATERIAL AND METHODS C3H mammary carcinomas were irradiated with 3 × 15 Gy during a one-week period, followed three days later by a clamped top-up dose to produce a dose response curve; the endpoint was tumour control. The hypoxic modifiers were nimorazole (200 mg/kg), nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and carbogen (95% O2 + 5% CO2) breathing, OXi4503 (10 mg/kg), and hyperthermia (41.5°C; 1 h). RESULTS The radiation dose controlling 50% of clamped tumours (TCD50) following 3 × 15 Gy was 30 Gy. Giving nimorazole or nicotinamide+ carbogen prior to the final 15 Gy fraction non-significantly (χ(2)-test; p < 0.05) reduced this TCD50 to 20-23 Gy; when administered with each 3 × 15 Gy fraction these values were significantly reduced to ≤ 2.5 Gy. Injecting OXi4503 or heating after irradiating significantly reduced the TCD50 to 9-12 Gy regardless of whether administered with one or all three 15 Gy fractions. Combining OXi4503 and heat with the final 15 Gy had a significantly larger effect (TCD50 = 2 Gy). CONCLUSIONS Clinically relevant modifiers of hypoxia effectively enhanced an equivalent stereotactic radiation treatment confirming the importance of hypoxia in such schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Wittenborn
- a Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Michael R Horsman
- a Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
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Hulikova A, Aveyard N, Harris AL, Vaughan-Jones RD, Swietach P. Intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity sensitizes cancer cell pH signaling to dynamic changes in CO2 partial pressure. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25418-30. [PMID: 25059669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes catalyze the chemical equilibration among CO2, HCO3(-) and H(+). Intracellular CA (CAi) isoforms are present in certain types of cancer, and growing evidence suggests that low levels correlate with disease severity. However, their physiological role remains unclear. Cancer cell CAi activity, measured as cytoplasmic CO2 hydration rate (kf), ranged from high in colorectal HCT116 (∼2 s(-1)), bladder RT112 and colorectal HT29, moderate in fibrosarcoma HT1080 to negligible (i.e. spontaneous kf = 0.18 s(-1)) in cervical HeLa and breast MDA-MB-468 cells. CAi activity in cells correlated with CAII immunoreactivity and enzymatic activity in membrane-free lysates, suggesting that soluble CAII is an important intracellular isoform. CAi catalysis was not obligatory for supporting acid extrusion by H(+) efflux or HCO3(-) influx, nor for maintaining intracellular pH (pHi) uniformity. However, in the absence of CAi activity, acid loading from a highly alkaline pHi was rate-limited by HCO3(-) supply from spontaneous CO2 hydration. In solid tumors, time-dependence of blood flow can result in fluctuations of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) that disturb cytoplasmic CO2-HCO3(-)-H(+) equilibrium. In cancer cells with high CAi activity, extracellular pCO2 fluctuations evoked faster and larger pHi oscillations. Functionally, these resulted in larger pH-dependent intracellular [Ca(2+)] oscillations and stronger inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway reported by S6 kinase phosphorylation. In contrast, the pHi of cells with low CAi activity was less responsive to pCO2 fluctuations. Such low pass filtering would "buffer" cancer cell pHi from non-steady-state extracellular pCO2. Thus, CAi activity determines the coupling between pCO2 (a function of tumor perfusion) and pHi (a potent modulator of cancer cell physiology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Hulikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom and
| | - Nicholas Aveyard
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom and
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Vaughan-Jones
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom and
| | - Pawel Swietach
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom and
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Mattox ML, D'Angelo JA, Dickinson BL. Redox control of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and activity in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells is independent of changes in oxygen tension. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:325-32. [PMID: 24612287 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumours and maintain tolerance to self and innocuous antigens. These functions occur in organs and tissues exhibiting wide variations in nutrients, growth factors, redox and oxygen tension. Understanding how these microenvironmental factors influence DCs to affect immunological outcomes is of increasing relevance with the emerging success of DC-based cellular vaccines. In a previous study, we examined whether redox, an important environmental cue, could influence DC expression of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO-competent DCs promote long-term immune homoeostasis by limiting exaggerated inflammatory responses and directing regulatory T-cell effector function. To alter redox, we manipulated the activity of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, which functions to maintain intracellular and extracellular redox. The results of that study showed that redox perturbation strongly induced IDO expression and activity in DCs. While this study was performed using standard cell culture techniques with DCs cultured under 5% CO₂ and 20% O₂, it is clear that DCs capture and present antigens in inflamed tissues and secondary lymphoid organs which exhibit low oxygen tension (1-5% O₂). Therefore, here we investigated whether oxygen tension influences DC expression of IDO in the context of homoeostatic and altered redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mattox
- The West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
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27
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DuBois C, Farnham J, Aaron E, Radunskaya A. A multiple time-scale computational model of a tumor and its micro environment. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2013; 10:121-150. [PMID: 23311365 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that a tumor's environment may be critical to designing successful therapeutic protocols: Modeling interactions between a tumor and its environment could improve our understanding of tumor growth and inform approaches to treatment. This paper describes an efficient, flexible, hybrid cellular automaton-based implementation of numerical solutions to multiple time-scale reaction-diffusion equations, applied to a model of tumor proliferation. The growth and maintenance of cells in our simulation depend on the rate of cellular energy (ATP) metabolized from nearby nutrients such as glucose and oxygen. Nutrient consumption rates are functions of local pH as well as local concentrations of oxygen and other fuels. The diffusion of these nutrients is modeled using a novel variation of random-walk techniques. Furthermore, we detail the effects of three boundary update rules on simulations, describing their effects on computational efficiency and biological realism. Qualitative and quantitative results from simulations provide insight on how tumor growth is affected by various environmental changes such as micro-vessel density or lower pH, both of high interest in current cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher DuBois
- University of California, Irvine, Dept. of Statistics, School of Information and Computer Science, 3019 Bren Hall, Irvine, CA 92617-5100, USA.
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28
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Teppo S, Sundquist E, Vered M, Holappa H, Parkkisenniemi J, Rinaldi T, Lehenkari P, Grenman R, Dayan D, Risteli J, Salo T, Nyberg P. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment regulates invasion of aggressive oral carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:376-89. [PMID: 23262025 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasion is an important hallmark of cancer involving interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the cancer cells. Hypoxia, low oxygen level, is related to increased invasion and metastasis in many cancers. The aim was to elucidate the effect of hypoxia on invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs), and the applicability of a novel 3-dimentional myoma organotypic invasion model in hypoxia experiments. OSCC cell lines (primary oral carcinoma derived cells UT-SCC-43A, recurrent oral carcinoma cells UT-SCC-43B and aggressive tongue carcinoma cells HSC-3) were studied for their migration and invasion capabilities under normoxia, hypoxia, and in the presence a hypoxia-mimicker cobalt chloride. As expected, the recurrent UT-SCC-43B cells were significantly more aggressive than the primary tumor derived cells. In contrast to tongue carcinoma HSC-3 cells, they only mildly responded to hypoxia in the migration or invasion assays, indicating a cell line specific response of hypoxia on the invasive potential. The modification of the organotypic human tissue-derived matrix via the removal of various yet unidentified soluble factors by rinsing the tissue resulting in stripped matrix substantially changed the invasion pattern of HSC-3 cells and the outcomes of hypoxic treatments. Only in the stripped tissue hypoxia significantly increased invasion, whereas in native intact tissue the induced invasion was not observed. This demonstrates the importance of the soluble factors to the invasion pattern and to the hypoxia response. A metastasis and poor prognosis marker, hypoxia-regulated lysyl oxidase (LOX), was present in the myoma tissue, but could be removed by rinsing. The inhibition of LOX resulted in a decrease in invasion area, but only very mildly in invasion depth. Thus, it may have a role in the modulation of the invasion pattern. Another hypoxia-related poor prognosis marker carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) was induced in HSC-3 cells both by the hypoxic exposure and interestingly in invading HSC-3 cells inside the tissue even in normoxic conditions. In conclusion, this suggests that the intact myoma organotypic model offers optimally hypoxic surroundings, thus being an excellent human tumor microenvironment mimicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Teppo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Leinaas MN, Rofstad EK. Vascular abnormalities associated with acute hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts. Radiother Oncol 2012; 105:72-8. [PMID: 23022175 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The fraction of hypoxic cells has been shown to differ substantially among human tumors of the same histological type. In this study, a window chamber model was used to identify possible mechanisms leading to the development of highly different hypoxic fractions in A-07 and R-18 human melanoma xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic and acute hypoxia was assessed in intradermal tumors using an immunohistochemical and a radiobiological assay. Functional and morphological parameters of the vascular networks of tumors growing in dorsal window chambers were assessed with intravital microscopy. RESULTS R-18 tumors showed significantly higher hypoxic fractions than A-07 tumors, and the difference was mostly due to acute hypoxia. Compared to A-07 tumors, R-18 tumors showed low vascular densities, low vessel diameters, long vessel segments, low blood flow velocities, frequent fluctuations in blood flow, and a high fraction of narrow vessels with absent or very low and varying flux of red blood cells. CONCLUSION The high fraction of acute hypoxia in R-18 tumors was a consequence of frequent fluctuations in blood flow and red blood cell flux combined with low vascular density. The fluctuations were most likely caused by high geometric resistance to blood flow in the tumor microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude G Simonsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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Yamamoto D, Inui T, Tsubota Y, Sueoka N, Yamamoto C, Kuwana K, Yamamoto M. The utility of hyperthermia for local recurrence of breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:201. [PMID: 23017037 PMCID: PMC3500728 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperthermia has long been used in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the treatment of superficial malignancies, in part due to its sensitizing capabilities. Patients who suffer from superficial recurrences of breast cancer have poor clinical outcomes. Skin metastases may particularly impair the quality of life due to the physical appearance, odor and bleeding. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Nine years post-operatively, local metastases developed in the left axillary area (measuring 5 cm in diameter). Initially the tumor did not respond to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, we added hyperthermia combined with them. Eight weeks later, the tumor became nearly flat and the patient noted improved activity in her daily life. Conclusion Hyperthermia may accelerate the antitumor effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This treatment provides an alternative for unresectable breast cancer skin metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
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Quantitative immunohistochemistry for evaluating the distribution of Ki67 and other biomarkers in tumor sections and use of the method to study repopulation in xenografts after treatment with paclitaxel. Neoplasia 2012; 14:324-34. [PMID: 22577347 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surviving cells may repopulate tumors between courses of chemotherapy, thereby reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Using a novel quantitative method, we characterize the influence of the tumor microenvironment on repopulation of surviving cells in human tumor xenografts after paclitaxel treatment and evaluate the potential of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, to inhibit repopulation. METHODS High-EGFR-expressing A431 xenografts and low-EGFR-expressing MCF-7 xenografts were treated with paclitaxel or gefitinib. Time-dependent changes in cell proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) in relation to total and functional tumor blood vessels (recognized by CD31 and a flow marker), and regions of hypoxia (recognized by EF5) were quantified using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Decrease in functional tumor vasculature and in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis were observed in A431 xenografts after treatment with either paclitaxel or gefitinib. There was a rebound in functional vasculature and cell proliferation ≈ 12 days after treatment with paclitaxel, and repopulation was observed from tumor cells close to regions of hypoxia. Cell proliferation increased ≈ 5 days after the last dose of gefitinib. There were minimal effects of paclitaxel or gefitinib on cell proliferation, cell death, or tumor vasculature in MCF-7 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Repopulation in A431 xenografts after treatment with paclitaxel was associated with changes in functional tumor vasculature. Gefitinib decreased cell proliferation in EGFR-overexpressing tumor xenografts, suggesting its potential to inhibit repopulation when used in sequence with chemotherapy.
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Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, the frequency of life-threatening human fungal infections has increased as advances in medical therapies, solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, an increasing geriatric population, and HIV infections have resulted in significant rises in susceptible patient populations. Although significant advances have been made in understanding how fungi cause disease, the dynamic microenvironments encountered by fungi during infection and the mechanisms by which they adapt to these microenvironments are not fully understood. As inhibiting and preventing in vivo fungal growth are main goals of antifungal therapies, understanding in vivo fungal metabolism in these host microenvironments is critical for the improvement of existing therapies or the design of new approaches. In this minireview, we focus on the emerging appreciation that pathogenic fungi like Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus are exposed to oxygen-limited or hypoxic microenvironments during fungal pathogenesis. The implications of these in vivo hypoxic microenvironments for fungal metabolism and pathogenesis are discussed with an aim toward understanding the potential impact of hypoxia on invasive fungal infection outcomes.
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Elas M, Hleihel D, Barth ED, Haney CR, Ahn KH, Pelizzari CA, Epel B, Weichselbaum RR, Halpern HJ. Where it's at really matters: in situ in vivo vascular endothelial growth factor spatially correlates with electron paramagnetic resonance pO2 images in tumors of living mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:1107-13. [PMID: 20960236 PMCID: PMC3210947 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Tumor microenvironments show remarkable tumor pO2 heterogeneity, as seen in prior EPR pO2 images (EPROI). pO2 correlation with hypoxia response proteins is frustrated by large rapid pO2 changes with position. Procedures To overcome this limitation, biopsies stereotactically located in the EPROI were used to explore the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) concentrations in living mouse tumors and the local EPROI pO2. Results Quantitative ELISA VEGF concentrations correlated (p = 0.0068 to 0.019) with mean pO2, median pO2, and the fraction of voxels in the biopsy volume with pO2 less than 3, 6, and 10 Torr. Conclusions This validates EPROI hypoxic fractions at the molecular level and provides a new paradigm for the assessment of the relationship, in vivo, between hypoxia and hypoxia response proteins. When translated to human subjects, this will enhance understanding of human tumor pathophysiology and cancer response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Elas
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mönnich D, Troost EGC, Kaanders JHAM, Oyen WJG, Alber M, Thorwarth D. Modelling and simulation of the influence of acute and chronic hypoxia on [18F]fluoromisonidazole PET imaging. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:1675-84. [PMID: 22398239 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/6/1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia can be assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) using radiotracers like [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole (Fmiso). The purpose of this work was to independently investigate the influence of chronic and acute hypoxia on the retention of Fmiso on the microscale. This was approached by modelling and simulating tissue oxygenation and Fmiso dynamics on the microscale based on tumour histology. Diffusion of oxygen and Fmiso molecules in tissue- and oxygen-dependent Fmiso binding were included in the model. Moreover, a model of fluctuating vascular oxygen tension was incorporated to theoretically predict the effects of acute hypoxia. Simulated tissue oxygen tensions (PO(2)) are strongly influenced by the modelled periodical fluctuations (period 40 min, total amplitude 10 mmHg and mean 35 mmHg). Fluctuations led to variations in mean PO(2) of up to 41% and in the hypoxic fraction (PO(2) < 5 mmHg) from 56% up to 65%. Significant Fmiso retention is caused by chronic (87%) as well as acute hypoxia (13%). By simulating Fmiso injection during different phases of the vascular PO(2) fluctuation cycle, it was found that acute hypoxia of an empirically valid magnitude does not influence the reproducibility of PET imaging. Thus, it may be impossible to separate acute and chronic hypoxia from serial PET images.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mönnich
- Section for Biomedical Physics, University Hospital for Radiation Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Ikejiri A, Nagai S, Goda N, Kurebayashi Y, Osada-Oka M, Takubo K, Suda T, Koyasu S. Dynamic regulation of Th17 differentiation by oxygen concentrations. Int Immunol 2011; 24:137-46. [PMID: 22207131 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4(+) T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and differentiate into distinct types of helper T (T(h)) cells in the lymph node or spleen. Oxygen (O(2)) tension is generally low in these secondary lymphoid tissues compared with the bloodstream or atmosphere. However, the effect of changes in O(2) concentration on the differentiation of T(h) cells remains unclear. Here, we established a novel model of T(h)-cell differentiation, which mimics physiological O(2) conditions. We primed naive CD4(+) T cells under 5% O(2), which has been observed in the lymph node or spleen and reoxygenated under normoxia that mimicked the O(2) concentration in blood. In this model, the differentiation of T(h)17 cells, but not T(h)1 or iTreg cells, was enhanced. Under the condition of 5% O(2), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was activated and led to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in T(h)17 cells. The activation of mTORC1 and the acceleration of T(h)17-cell differentiation, which occurred when cells were primed under 5% O(2), were not observed in the absence of HIF-1α but were accelerated in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (vHL), a factor critical for HIF-1α degradation. Thus, a positive feedback loop between HIF-1α and mTORC1 induced by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation accelerates T(h)17-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ikejiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Grahl N, Puttikamonkul S, Macdonald JM, Gamcsik MP, Ngo LY, Hohl TM, Cramer RA. In vivo hypoxia and a fungal alcohol dehydrogenase influence the pathogenesis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002145. [PMID: 21811407 PMCID: PMC3141044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, our knowledge of how pathogenic fungi grow in mammalian host environments is limited. Using a chemotherapeutic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and (1)H-NMR metabolomics, we detected ethanol in the lungs of mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. This result suggests that A. fumigatus is exposed to oxygen depleted microenvironments during infection. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a chemical hypoxia detection agent, pimonidazole hydrochloride, in three immunologically distinct murine models of IPA (chemotherapeutic, X-CGD, and corticosteroid). In all three IPA murine models, hypoxia was observed during the course of infection. We next tested the hypothesis that production of ethanol in vivo by the fungus is involved in hypoxia adaptation and fungal pathogenesis. Ethanol deficient A. fumigatus strains showed no growth defects in hypoxia and were able to cause wild type levels of mortality in all 3 murine models. However, lung immunohistopathology and flow cytometry analyses revealed an increase in the inflammatory response in mice infected with an alcohol dehydrogenase null mutant strain that corresponded with a reduction in fungal burden. Consequently, in this study we present the first in vivo observations that hypoxic microenvironments occur during a pulmonary invasive fungal infection and observe that a fungal alcohol dehydrogenase influences fungal pathogenesis in the lung. Thus, environmental conditions encountered by invading pathogenic fungi may result in substantial fungal metabolism changes that influence subsequent host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Grahl
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Srisombat Puttikamonkul
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Gamcsik
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Y. Ngo
- Infectious Disease Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Infectious Disease Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Egeland TA, Gulliksrud K, Gaustad JV, Mathiesen B, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI of tumor hypoxia. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:519-30. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Mönnich D, Troost EGC, Kaanders JHAM, Oyen WJG, Alber M, Thorwarth D. Modelling and simulation of [18F]fluoromisonidazole dynamics based on histology-derived microvessel maps. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:2045-57. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/7/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Fallica B, Makin G, Zaman MH. Bioengineering approaches to study multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:529-39. [PMID: 21387035 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to become resistant to chemotherapeutic agents is a major challenge for the treatment of malignant tumors. Several strategies have emerged to attempt to inhibit chemoresistance, but the fact remains that resistance is a problem for every effective anticancer drug. The first part of this review will focus on the mechanisms of chemoresistance. It is important to understand the environmental cues, transport limitations and the cellular signaling pathways associated with chemoresistance before we can hope to effectively combat it. The second part of this review focuses on the work that needs to be done moving forward. Specifically, this section focuses on the necessity of translational research and interdisciplinary directives. It is critical that the expertise of oncologists, biologists, and engineers be brought together to attempt to tackle the problem. This discussion is from an engineering perspective, as the dialogue between engineers and other cancer researchers is the most challenging due to non-overlapping background knowledge. Chemoresistance is a complex and devastating process, meaning that we urgently need sophisticated methods to study the process of how cells become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fallica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, USA
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40
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Burrell JS, Walker-Samuel S, Baker LCJ, Boult JKR, Ryan AJ, Waterton JC, Halliday J, Robinson SP. Investigating temporal fluctuations in tumor vasculature with combined carbogen and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particle (CUSPIO) imaging. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:227-34. [PMID: 21305600 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A combined carbogen ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) imaging protocol was developed and applied in vivo in two murine colorectal tumor xenograft models, HCT116 and SW1222, with established disparate vascular morphology, to investigate whether additional information could be extracted from the combination of two susceptibility MRI biomarkers. Tumors were imaged before and during carbogen breathing and subsequently following intravenous administration of USPIO particles. A novel segmentation method was applied to the image data, from which six categories of R(2)* response were identified, and compared with histological analysis of the vasculature. In particular, a strong association between a negative ΔR(2)*(carbogen) followed by positive ΔR(2)*(USPIO) with the uptake of the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342 was determined. Regions of tumor tissue where there was a significant ΔR(2)*(carbogen) but no significant ΔR(2)*(USPIO) were also identified, suggesting these regions became temporally isolated from the vascular supply during the experimental timecourse. These areas correlated with regions of tumor tissue where there was CD31 staining but no Hoechst 33342 uptake. Significantly, different combined carbogen USPIO responses were determined between the two tumor models. Combining ΔR(2)*(carbogen) and ΔR(2)*(USPIO) with a novel segmentation scheme can facilitate the interpretation of susceptibility contrast MRI data and enable a deeper interrogation of tumor vascular function and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Burrell
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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41
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Zagar TM, Oleson JR, Vujaskovic Z, Dewhirst MW, Craciunescu OI, Blackwell KL, Prosnitz LR, Jones EL. Hyperthermia combined with radiation therapy for superficial breast cancer and chest wall recurrence: a review of the randomised data. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:612-7. [PMID: 20849256 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.487194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia has long been used in combination with radiation for the treatment of superficial malignancies, in part due to its radiosensitising capabilities. Patients who suffer superficial recurrences of breast cancer, be it in their chest wall following mastectomy, or in their breast after breast conservation, typically have poor clinical outcomes. They often develop distant metastatic disease, but one must not overlook the problems associated with an uncontrolled local failure. Morbidity is enormous, and can significantly impair quality of life. There is no accepted standard of care in treating superficial recurrences of breast cancer, particularly in patients that have previously been irradiated. There is a substantial literature regarding the combined use of hyperthermia and radiotherapy for these superficial recurrences. Most of it is retrospective in nature, but there are several larger phase III randomised trials that show an improved rate of clinical complete response in patients treated with both modalities. In this review article, we will highlight the important prospective data that has been published regarding the combined use of hyperthermia and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Zagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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42
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Zagar TM, Oleson JR, Vujaskovic Z, Dewhirst MW, Craciunescu OI, Blackwell KL, Prosnitz LR, Jones EL. Hyperthermia for locally advanced breast cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:618-24. [PMID: 20849257 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.501051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) has a proven benefit for treating superficial malignancies, particularly chest wall recurrences of breast cancer. There has been less research utilising HT in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), but available data are promising. HT has been combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in the neoadjuvant, definitive and adjuvant setting, albeit in series with small numbers of patients. There is only one phase III trial that examines hyperthermia in LABC, also with relatively small numbers of patients. The goal of this review is to highlight important research utilising HT in patients with LABC as well as to suggest future directions for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Zagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Zagar TM, Higgins KA, Miles EF, Vujaskovic Z, Dewhirst MW, Clough RW, Prosnitz LR, Jones EL. Durable palliation of breast cancer chest wall recurrence with radiation therapy, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2010; 97:535-40. [PMID: 21074876 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chest wall recurrences of breast cancer are a therapeutic challenge and durable local control is difficult to achieve. Our objective was to determine the local progression free survival (LPFS) and toxicity of thermochemoradiotherapy (ThChRT) for chest wall recurrence. METHODS Twenty-seven patients received ThChRT for chest wall failure from 2/1995 to 6/2007 and make up this retrospective series. All received concurrent superficial hyperthermia twice weekly (median 8 sessions), chemotherapy (capecitabine in 21, vinorelbine in 2, and paclitaxel in 4), and radiation (median 45 Gy). Patients were followed up every 1.5-3 months and responses were graded with RECIST criteria and toxicities with the NCI CTC v4.0. RESULTS Twenty-three (85%) patients were previously irradiated (median 60.4 Gy) and 22 (81%) patients received prior chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 11 months. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 16/20 (80%) of patients with follow-up data, and 1 year LPFS was 76%. Overall survival was 23 months for patients with CR, and 5.4 months in patients achieving a partial response (PR) (p=0.01). Twenty-two patients experienced acute grade 1/2 treatment related toxicities, primarily moist desquamation. Two patients experienced 3rd degree burns; all resolved with conservative measures. CONCLUSIONS ThChRT offers durable palliation and prolonged LPFS with tolerable acute toxicity, especially if CR is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Zagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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44
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Grahl N, Cramer RA. Regulation of hypoxia adaptation: an overlooked virulence attribute of pathogenic fungi? Med Mycol 2010; 48:1-15. [PMID: 19462332 DOI: 10.3109/13693780902947342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the incidence of fungal infections has dramatically increased. This is primarily due to increases in the population of immunocompromised individuals attributed to the HIV/AIDS pandemic and immunosuppression therapies associated with organ transplantation, cancer, and other diseases where new immunomodulatory therapies are utilized. Significant advances have been made in understanding how fungi cause disease, but clearly much remains to be learned about the pathophysiology of these often lethal infections. Fungal pathogens face numerous environmental challenges as they colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Regardless of a pathogen's complexity, its ability to adapt to environmental changes is critical for its survival and ability to cause disease. For example, at sites of fungal infections, the significant influx of immune effector cells and the necrosis of tissue by the invading pathogen generate hypoxic microenvironments to which both the pathogen and host cells must adapt in order to survive. However, our current knowledge of how pathogenic fungi adapt to and survive in hypoxic conditions during fungal pathogenesis is limited. Recent studies have begun to observe that the ability to adapt to various levels of hypoxia is an important component of the virulence arsenal of pathogenic fungi. In this review, we focus on known oxygen sensing mechanisms that non-pathogenic and pathogenic fungi utilize to adapt to hypoxic microenvironments and their possible relation to fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Grahl
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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45
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Rofstad EK, Gaustad JV, Egeland TAM, Mathiesen B, Galappathi K. Tumors exposed to acute cyclic hypoxic stress show enhanced angiogenesis, perfusion and metastatic dissemination. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1535-46. [PMID: 20091868 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that patients with highly hypoxic primary tumors may have poor disease-free and overall survival rates. Studies of experimental tumors have revealed that acutely hypoxic cells may be more metastatic than normoxic or chronically hypoxic cells. In the present work, causal relations between acute cyclic hypoxia and metastasis were studied by periodically exposing BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing A-07 human melanoma xenografts to a low oxygen atmosphere. The hypoxia treatment consisted of 12 cycles of 10 min of 8% O(2) in N(2) followed by 10 min of air for a total of 4 hr, began on the first day after tumor cell inoculation and was given daily until the tumors reached a volume of 100 mm(3). Twenty-four hours after the last hypoxia exposure, the primary tumors were subjected to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of blood perfusion before being resected and processed for immunohistochemical examinations of microvascular density and expression of proangiogenic factors. Mice exposed to acute cyclic hypoxia showed increased incidence of pulmonary metastases, and the primary tumors of these mice showed increased blood perfusion, microvascular density and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression; whereas, the expression of interleukin-8, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor was unchanged. The increased pulmonary metastasis was most likely a consequence of hypoxia-induced VEGF-A upregulation, which resulted in increased angiogenic activity and blood perfusion in the primary tumor and thus facilitated tumor cell intravasation and hematogenous transport into the general circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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46
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Fukumura D, Duda DG, Munn LL, Jain RK. Tumor microvasculature and microenvironment: novel insights through intravital imaging in pre-clinical models. Microcirculation 2010; 17:206-25. [PMID: 20374484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging techniques have provided unprecedented insight into tumor microcirculation and microenvironment. For example, these techniques allowed quantitative evaluations of tumor blood vasculature to uncover its abnormal organization, structure and function (e.g., hyper-permeability, heterogeneous and compromised blood flow). Similarly, imaging of functional lymphatics has documented their absence inside tumors. These abnormalities result in elevated interstitial fluid pressure and hinder the delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors. In addition, they induce a hostile microenvironment characterized by hypoxia and acidosis, as documented by intravital imaging. The abnormal microenvironment further lowers the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatments such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In addition to these mechanistic insights, intravital imaging may also offer new opportunities to improve therapy. For example, tumor angiogenesis results in immature, dysfunctional vessels--primarily caused by an imbalance in production of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors by the tumors. Restoring the balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling in tumors can "normalize" tumor vasculature and thus, improve its function, as demonstrated by intravital imaging studies in preclinical models and in cancer patients. Administration of cytotoxic therapy during periods of vascular normalization has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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47
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Wezensky SJ, Cramer RA. Implications of hypoxic microenvironments during invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2010; 49 Suppl 1:S120-4. [PMID: 20560863 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.495139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to cause disease, all pathogens must tolerate microenvironmental stresses encountered in vivo during infection. One microenvironmental stress that is known to occur at sites of tissue damage is hypoxia. Yet, the occurrence and impact of hypoxic microenvironments during invasive aspergillosis, caused by the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, are essentially unknown. Here, we briefly review the potential implications of hypoxic microenvironments on the Aspergillus-host interaction. We focus on three areas where hypoxia may play a role in determining the outcome of infection: fungal virulence, host immune responses, and efficacy of current antifungal drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Wezensky
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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48
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Abstract
Solid tumors usually occur and progress in a hypoxic environment, suggesting that tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis and are associated to an increased angiogenesis, which makes them more aggressive, with invasive capacity and resistant to treatment. The genetic and biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear, but many studies suggest a role of HIF in this process. Under hypoxic conditions, the alpha subunit is not destroyed, and will activate transcription of a set of genes contributing to tumor aggressiveness. Its expression is associated to an increased metastatic potential that has been shown in both animal studies and human tumors. Tumor hypoxia has emerged as a key factor in tumor progression and is associated to a poor prognosis, particularly in kidney and prostate tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the significance of hypoxia in carcinogenesis and tumor progression by reviewing the current knowledge on the subject and the mechanisms of action and activation of HIF-1a Tumor hypoxia has emerged as a key factor in tumor progression and is associated to a poor prognosis, particularly in kidney and prostate tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the significance of hypoxia in carcinogenesis and tumor progression by reviewing the current knowledge on the subject and the mechanisms of action and activation of HIF-1a.
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49
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Lunt SJ, Gray C, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Matcher SJ, Tozer GM. Application of intravital microscopy in studies of tumor microcirculation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:011113. [PMID: 20210439 DOI: 10.1117/1.3281674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To grow and progress, solid tumors develop a vascular network through co-option and angiogenesis that is characterized by multiple structural and functional abnormalities, which negatively influence therapeutic outcome through direct and indirect mechanisms. As such, the morphology and function of tumor blood vessels, plus their response to different treatments, are a vital and active area of biological research. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has played a key role in studies of tumor angiogenesis, and ongoing developments in molecular probes, imaging techniques, and postimage analysis methods have ensured its continued and widespread use. In this review we discuss some of the primary advantages and disadvantages of IVM approaches and describe recent technological advances in optical microscopy (e.g., confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography) with examples of their application to studies of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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50
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Makrilia N, Lappa T, Xyla V, Nikolaidis I, Syrigos K. The role of angiogenesis in solid tumours: an overview. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:663-71. [PMID: 19818284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Multiple molecules regulate angiogenesis, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, the fibroblast growth factor, the platelet-derived growth factor and the transforming growth factor-beta. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth, progression and metastasis of a tumour. Inhibiting the angiogenic process or targeting existing tumour vessels can be used for treatment of tumours as an alternative or in parallel with conventional chemotherapy. Many anti-angiogenic factors are under investigation and some are already being used in clinical practice with various results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Makrilia
- 3rd Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens School of Medicine, Greece.
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