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Knoll R, Helbig ET, Dahm K, Bolaji O, Hamm F, Dietrich O, van Uelft M, Müller S, Bonaguro L, Schulte-Schrepping J, Petrov L, Krämer B, Kraut M, Stubbemann P, Thibeault C, Brumhard S, Theis H, Hack G, De Domenico E, Nattermann J, Becker M, Beyer MD, Hillus D, Georg P, Loers C, Tiedemann J, Tober-Lau P, Lippert L, Millet Pascual-Leone B, Tacke F, Rohde G, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Saliba AE, Ulas T, Polansky JK, Sawitzki B, Sander LE, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC, Kurth F. The life-saving benefit of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 is linked to a reversal of monocyte dysregulation. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00654-8. [PMID: 38964327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a life-saving treatment for severe COVID-19, yet its mechanism of action is unknown, and many patients deteriorate or die despite timely treatment initiation. Here, we identify dexamethasone treatment-induced cellular and molecular changes associated with improved survival in COVID-19 patients. We observed a reversal of transcriptional hallmark signatures in monocytes associated with severe COVID-19 and the induction of a monocyte substate characterized by the expression of glucocorticoid-response genes. These molecular responses to dexamethasone were detected in circulating and pulmonary monocytes, and they were directly linked to survival. Monocyte single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-derived signatures were enriched in whole blood transcriptomes of patients with fatal outcome in two independent cohorts, highlighting the potential for identifying non-responders refractory to dexamethasone. Our findings link the effects of dexamethasone to specific immunomodulation and reversal of monocyte dysregulation, and they highlight the potential of single-cell omics for monitoring in vivo target engagement of immunomodulatory drugs and for patient stratification for precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Knoll
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa T Helbig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kilian Dahm
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olufemi Bolaji
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Hamm
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dietrich
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina van Uelft
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Müller
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lev Petrov
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kraut
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Brumhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Theis
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gudrun Hack
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena De Domenico
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc D Beyer
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany; Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Hillus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Georg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantin Loers
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Tiedemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinkus Tober-Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Lippert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belén Millet Pascual-Leone
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, 30625 Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, 30625 Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia K Polansky
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE, University of Bonn, and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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Matsuyama S, DeFalco T. Steroid hormone signaling: multifaceted support of testicular function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1339385. [PMID: 38250327 PMCID: PMC10796553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1339385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development and adult physiology are dependent on the action of steroid hormones. In particular, the reproductive system is reliant on hormonal signaling to promote gonadal function and to ensure fertility. Here we will describe hormone receptor functions and their impacts on testicular function, focusing on a specific group of essential hormones: androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. In addition to focusing on hormone receptor function and localization within the testis, we will highlight the effects of altered receptor signaling, including the consequences of reduced and excess signaling activity. These hormones act through various cellular pathways and receptor types, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted research approach to understand their critical roles in testicular function. Hormones exhibit intricate interactions with each other, as evidenced, for example, by the antagonistic effects of progesterone on mineralocorticoid receptors and cortisol's impact on androgens. In light of research findings in the field demonstrating an intricate interplay between hormones, a systems biology approach is crucial for a nuanced understanding of this complex hormonal network. This review can serve as a resource for further investigation into hormonal support of male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsuyama
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Hecksteden A, Hoppstädter J, Bizjak DA, Jerg A, Kirsten J, Krüger K, Niess A, Steinacker J, Kiemer AK. Effects of acute exercise and training status on glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) expression in human skeletal muscle. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:707-710. [PMID: 37951824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between statin therapy and physical exercise complicate effective cardiovascular prevention. Emerging evidence suggests that muscle strain related changes in the expression of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) may be involved. Therefore, we measured GILZ mRNA expression levels in M. vastus lateralis samples of 32 healthy individuals before and after a standardized bout of strength or endurance exercise. Overall, we found a highly significant downregulation of GILZ after exercise training (p < 0.001). Within-subgroup changes were statistically significant only after strength training, supporting the role of muscle (as opposed to cardiocirculatory) strain. If confirmed, this may help fitting training recommendations and medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hecksteden
- Universität Innsbruck, Institute of Sport Science, Austria; Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Physiology, Austria.
| | - J Hoppstädter
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Germany
| | - D A Bizjak
- University of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Germany
| | - A Jerg
- University of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Germany
| | - J Kirsten
- University of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Germany
| | - K Krüger
- University of Giessen, Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Germany
| | - A Niess
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Sports Medicine, Germany
| | - J Steinacker
- University of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Germany
| | - A K Kiemer
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Germany
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Sgambellone S, Febo M, Durante M, Marri S, Villano S, Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Masini E, Riccardi C, Bruscoli S, Lucarini L. Role of histamine H 4 receptor in the anti-inflammatory pathway of glucocorticoid-induced leucin zipper (GILZ) in a model of lung fibrosis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2037-2052. [PMID: 37815550 PMCID: PMC10611623 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigates the interactions between histaminergic system and glucocorticoid-induced leucin zipper (GILZ) in the inflammatory process and glucocorticoid modulation in lung fibrosis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and GILZ Knock-Out (KO) mice were treated with bleomycin (0.05 IU) or saline, delivered by intra-tracheal injection. After surgery, mice received a continuous infusion of JNJ7777120 (JNJ, 2 mg/kg b.wt.) or vehicle for 21 days. Lung function was studied by measuring airway resistance to air insufflation through the analysis of pressure at airway opening (PAO). Lung samples were collected to evaluate the expression of histamine H4R, Anx-A1, and p65-NF-kB, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Airway fibrosis and remodeling were assessed by measuring TGF-β production and α-SMA deposition. JNJ reduces PAO in WT but not in GILZ KO mice (from 22 ± 1 mm to 15 ± 0.5 and from 24 ± 1.5 to 19 ± 0.5 respectively), MPO activity (from 204 ± 3.13 pmol/mg to 73.88 ± 2.63 in WT and from 221 ± 4.46 pmol/mg to 107 ± 5.54 in GILZ KO), the inflammatory response, TGF-β production, and α-SMA deposition in comparison to WT and GILZ KO vehicle groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the role of H4R and GILZ in relation to glucocorticoids could pave the way for innovative therapies to counteract pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sgambellone
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Febo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, 1 06132 S. Andrea Delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Marri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Serafina Villano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, 1 06132 S. Andrea Delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, 1 06132 S. Andrea Delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Severi, 1 06132 S. Andrea Delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Paglialunga M, Flamini S, Contini R, Febo M, Ricci E, Ronchetti S, Bereshchenko O, Migliorati G, Riccardi C, Bruscoli S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Synthetic Peptides Based on Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) Protein for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Cells 2023; 12:2294. [PMID: 37759516 PMCID: PMC10528232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their clinical effects and long-term use can lead to serious side effects. New drugs that can replace GCs are needed. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is induced by GCs and mediates many of their anti-inflammatory effects, such as inhibiting the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-κB. The GILZ C-terminal domain (PER region) is responsible for GILZ/p65NF-κB interaction and consequent inhibition of its transcriptional activity. A set of five short peptides spanning different parts of the PER region of GILZ protein was designed, and their anti-inflammatory activity was tested, both in vitro and in vivo. We tested the biological activity of GILZ peptides in human lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines to evaluate their inhibitory effect on the NF-κB-dependent expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the tested peptides, the peptide named PEP-1 demonstrated the highest efficacy in inhibiting cell activation in vitro. Subsequently, PEP-1 was further evaluated in two in vivo experimental colitis models (chemically induced by DNBS administration and spontaneous colitis induced in IL-10 knock-out (KO) mice (to assess its effectiveness in counteracting inflammation. Results show that PEP-1 reduced disease severity in both colitis models associated with reduced NF-κB pro-inflammatory activity in colon lamina propria lymphocytes. This study explored GILZ-based 'small peptides' potential efficacy in decreasing lymphocyte activation and inflammation associated with experimental inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Small peptides have several advantages over the entire protein, including higher selectivity, better stability, and bioavailability profile, and are easy to synthesize and cost-effective. Thus, identifying active GILZ peptides could represent a new class of drugs for treating IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musetta Paglialunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Raffaele Contini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.F.); (R.C.); (M.F.); (E.R.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (C.R.)
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Li Y, Huang H, Zhu Z, Chen S, Liang Y, Shu L. TSC22D3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2023; 26:107451. [PMID: 37575189 PMCID: PMC10415931 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the type of hematologic neoplasm most common in adults. Glucocorticoid-induced gene TSC22D3 regulates cell proliferation through its function as a transcription factor. However, there is no consensus on the prognostic and immunoregulatory significance of TSC22D3 in AML. In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between TSC22D3 expression, immunoinfiltration, and prognostic significance in AML. Knockdown of TSC22D3 significantly attenuated the proliferation of Hel cells and increased sensitivity to cytarabine (Ara-c) drugs. Furthermore, TSC22D3 reduced the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting macrophage polarization to M1 subtype, and attenuating the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, this study identified TSC22D3 as an immune-related prognostic biomarker for AML patients and suggested that therapeutic targeting of TSC22D3 may be a potential treatment option for AML through tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ziang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
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Mangani D, Yang D, Anderson AC. Learning from the nexus of autoimmunity and cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:256-271. [PMID: 36792572 PMCID: PMC9986833 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in both autoimmunity and cancer, diseases at opposite ends of the immune spectrum. Autoimmunity arises from loss of T cell tolerance against self, while in cancer, poor immunity against transformed self fails to control tumor growth. Blockade of pathways that preserve self-tolerance is being leveraged to unleash immunity against many tumors; however, widespread success is hindered by the autoimmune-like toxicities that arise in treated patients. Knowledge gained from the treatment of autoimmunity can be leveraged to treat these toxicities in patients. Further, the understanding of how T cell dysfunction arises in cancer can be leveraged to induce a similar state in autoreactive T cells. Here, we review what is known about the T cell response in autoimmunity and cancer and highlight ways in which we can learn from the nexus of these two diseases to improve the application, efficacy, and management of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mangani
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.
| | - Dandan Yang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Meijer OC, Buurstede JC, Viho EMG, Amaya JM, Koning ASCAM, van der Meulen M, van Weert LTCM, Paul SN, Kroon J, Koorneef LL. Transcriptional glucocorticoid effects in the brain: Finding the relevant target genes. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13213. [PMID: 36426812 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are powerful modulators of brain function. They act via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MR and GR). These are best understood as transcription factors. Although many glucocorticoid effects depend on the modulation of gene transcription, it is a major challenge to link gene expression to function given the large-scale, apparently pleiotropic genomic responses. The extensive sets of MR and GR target genes are highly specific per cell type, and the brain contains many different (neuronal and non-neuronal) cell types. Next to the set "trait" of cellular context, the "state" of other active signaling pathways will affect MR and GR transcriptional activity. Here, we discuss receptor specificity and contextual factors that determine the transcriptional outcome of MR/GR signaling, experimental possibilities offered by single-cell transcriptomics approaches, and reflect on how to make sense of lists of target genes in relation to understanding the functional effects of steroid receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C Buurstede
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M G Viho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Miguel Amaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Sophie C A M Koning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel van der Meulen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa T C M van Weert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susana N Paul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa L Koorneef
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Dankers W, Northcott M, Bennett T, D’Cruz A, Sherlock R, Gearing LJ, Hertzog P, Russ B, Miceli I, Scheer S, Fujishiro M, Hayakawa K, Ikeda K, Morand EF, Jones SA. Type 1 interferon suppresses expression and glucocorticoid induction of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034880. [PMID: 36505447 PMCID: PMC9727222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is a systemic multi-organ autoimmune condition associated with reduced life expectancy and quality of life. Glucocorticoids (GC) are heavily relied on for SLE treatment but are associated with detrimental metabolic effects. Type 1 interferons (IFN) are central to SLE pathogenesis and may confer GC insensitivity. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) mediates many effects of GC relevant to SLE pathogenesis, but the effect of IFN on GC regulation of GILZ is unknown. We performed in vitro experiments using human PBMC to examine the effect of IFN on GILZ expression. JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and tosylate salt were used in vivo and in vitro respectively to investigate JAK-STAT pathway dependence of our observations. ChiP was performed to examine glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding at the GILZ locus. Several public data sets were mined for correlating clinical data. High IFN was associated with suppressed GILZ and reduced GILZ relevant to GC exposure in a large SLE population. IFN directly reduced GILZ expression and suppressed the induction of GILZ by GC in vitro in human leukocytes. IFN actions on GILZ expression were dependent on the JAK1/Tyk2 pathway, as evidenced by loss of the inhibitory effect of IFN on GILZ in the presence of JAK inhibitors. Activation of this pathway led to reduced GR binding in key regulatory regions of the GILZ locus. IFN directly suppresses GILZ expression and GILZ upregulation by GC, indicating a potential mechanism for IFN-induced GC resistance. This work has important implications for the ongoing development of targeted GC-sparing therapeutics in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dankers
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Northcott
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taylah Bennett
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akshay D’Cruz
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Sherlock
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linden J. Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Russ
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Iolanda Miceli
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hayakawa
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keigo Ikeda
- Institutes for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eric F. Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Jones
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Sarah A. Jones,
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10
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Mazur CM, Castro Andrade CD, Tokavanich N, Sato T, Bruce M, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Wang JS, Wein MN. Partial prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte deterioration in young male mice with osteocrin gene therapy. iScience 2022; 25:105019. [PMID: 36105586 PMCID: PMC9464962 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess suppresses osteocyte remodeling of surrounding bone minerals, causes apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and disrupts bone remodeling, eventually, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and bone fragility. Preventing apoptosis and preserving osteocyte morphology could be an effective means of preventing bone loss during glucocorticoid treatment. We hypothesized that osteocrin, which preserves osteocyte viability and morphology in Sp7-deficient mice, could prevent osteocyte death and dysfunction in a glucocorticoid excess model. We used adeno-associated virus (AAV8) to induce osteocrin overexpression in mice one week before implantation with prednisolone or placebo pellets. After 28 days, prednisolone caused the expected reduction in cortical bone thickness and osteocyte canalicular length in control AAV8-treated mice, and these effects were blunted in mice receiving AAV8-osteocrin. Glucocorticoid-induced changes in cortical porosity, trabecular bone mass, and gene expression were not prevented by osteocrin. These findings support a modest therapeutic potential for AAV8-osteocrin in preserving osteocyte morphology during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Mazur
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jialiang S. Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Gadkari M, Sun J, Carcamo A, Alessi H, Hu Z, Fraser IDC, Pegoraro G, Franco LM. High-throughput imaging of mRNA at the single-cell level in human primary immune cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1263-1278. [PMID: 35764396 PMCID: PMC9380748 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079239.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of gene expression at the single-cell level has advanced the study of transcriptional regulation programs in healthy and disease states. In particular, single-cell approaches have shed light on the high level of transcriptional heterogeneity of individual cells, both at baseline and in response to experimental or environmental perturbations. We have developed a method for high-content imaging (HCI)-based quantification of relative changes in transcript abundance at the single-cell level in human primary immune cells and have validated its performance under multiple experimental conditions to demonstrate its general applicability. This method, named hcHCR, combines the sensitivity of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for the visualization of RNA in single cells, with the speed, scalability, and reproducibility of HCI. We first tested eight cell attachment substrates for short-term culture of primary human B cells, T cells, monocytes, or neutrophils. We then miniaturized HCR in 384-well format and documented the ability of the method to detect changes in transcript abundance at the single-cell level in thousands of cells for each experimental condition by HCI. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of multiplexing gene expression measurements by simultaneously assaying the abundance of three transcripts per cell at baseline and in response to an experimental stimulus. Finally, we tested the robustness of the assay to technical and biological variation. We anticipate that hcHCR will be suitable for low- to medium-throughput chemical or functional genomics screens in primary human cells, with the possibility of performing screens on cells obtained from patients with a specific disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Gadkari
- Functional Immunogenomics Section, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Carcamo
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hugh Alessi
- Functional Immunogenomics Section, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zonghui Hu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Luis M Franco
- Functional Immunogenomics Section, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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12
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Chronic stress-driven glucocorticoid receptor activation programs key cell phenotypes and functional epigenomic patterns in human fibroblasts. iScience 2022; 25:104960. [PMID: 36065188 PMCID: PMC9440308 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic environmental stress can profoundly impact cell and body function. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, epigenetics has emerged as a key link between environment and health. The genomic effects of stress are thought to be mediated by the action of glucocorticoid stress hormones, primarily cortisol in humans, which act via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). To dissect how chronic stress-driven GR activation influences epigenetic and cell states, human fibroblasts underwent prolonged exposure to physiological stress levels of cortisol and/or a selective GR antagonist. Cortisol was found to drive robust changes in cell proliferation, migration, and morphology, which were abrogated by concomitant GR blockade. The GR-driven cell phenotypes were accompanied by widespread, yet genomic context-dependent, changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression, including gene loci with known roles in cell proliferation and migration. These findings provide insights into how chronic stress-driven functional epigenomic patterns become established to shape key cell phenotypes. Physiological stress levels of cortisol drive robust changes in key cell phenotypes Stress-driven changes in cell phenotypes are abrogated by concomitant GR blockade GR activation induces functional and phenotypically relevant epigenomic changes
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13
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The Role of GILZ in Lipid Metabolism and Adipocyte Biology. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Mozaffari MS, Abdelsayed R. Expression Profiles of GILZ and SGK-1 in Potentially Malignant and Malignant Human Oral Lesions. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:675288. [PMID: 35048019 PMCID: PMC8757717 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.675288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper and serum-glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) are major glucocorticoid-inducible proteins. Recent studies indicate the local production of cortisol in oral mucosa, which can impact the tissue generation of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and SGK-1. Furthermore, GILZ and SGK-1 play pathogenic roles in a variety of cancers, but their status in potentially malignant (e.g., epithelial dysplasia) or malignant oral lesions remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that expression profiles of GILZ and SGK-1, along with the phosphorylated (active) form of SGK-1 (pSGK-1), are different in epithelial dysplasia than squamous cell carcinoma. Accordingly, archived paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to establish tissue localization and the profile of proteins of interest, while hematoxylin-eosin stained tissues were used for histopathological assessment. Based on histopathological examinations, tissue specimens were categorized as displaying mild-moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma; benign keratosis specimens served as controls. All the tissue specimens showed staining for SGK-1 and pSGK-1; however, while SGK-1 staining was primarily cytoplasmic, pSGK-1 was mainly confined to the cell membrane. On the other hand, all the tissue specimens displayed primarily nuclear staining for GILZ. A semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry staining indicates increased GILZ expression in epithelial dysplasia but reversal in squamous cell carcinoma to a level seen for benign keratosis. On the other hand, the SGK-1 and pSGK-1 expressions decreased for squamous cell carcinoma specimens compared with benign keratosis or dysplastic specimens. Collectively, in this cross-sectional study, immunostaining patterns for proteins of interest do not seemingly differentiate epithelial dysplasia from squamous cell carcinoma. However, subcellular localization and expression profiles for GILZ, SGK-1, and pSGK-1 are suggestive of differential functional roles in dysplastic or malignant oral lesions compared with benign keratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rafik Abdelsayed
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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15
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Su Y, Chen X, Zhou H, Shaw S, Chen J, Isales CM, Zhao J, Shi X. Expression of long noncoding RNA Xist is induced by glucocorticoids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1005944. [PMID: 36187119 PMCID: PMC9516292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1005944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. However, their clinical usage is limited by severe multisystemic side effects. Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis results in significant morbidity and mortality but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GC-induced bone loss are not clear. GC use results in decreased osteoblast differentiation with increased marrow adiposity through effects on bone marrow stem cells. GC effects are transduced through its receptor (GR). To identify novel GR regulated genes, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis comparing conditional GR knockout mouse made by crossing the floxed GR animal with the Col I promoter-Cre, versus normal floxed GR without Cre, and that testing was specific for Col I promoter active cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem/osteoprogenitor cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts. Results showed 15 upregulated genes (3- to 10-fold) and 70 downregulated genes (-2.7- to -10-fold), with the long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) downregulated the most. The differential expression of genes measured by RNA-Seq was validated by qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes and the GC/GR signaling-dependent expression of Xist was further demonstrated by GC (dexamethasone) treatment of GR-deficient MSCs in vitro and by GC injection of C57BL/6 mice (wild-type males and females) in vivo. Our data revealed that the long noncoding RNA Xist is a GR regulated gene and its expression is induced by GC both in vitro and in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing that Xist is transcriptionally regulated by GC/GR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sean Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Complex Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xingming Shi,
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16
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Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Ronchetti S. GILZ as a Regulator of Cell Fate and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010122. [PMID: 35011684 PMCID: PMC8750894 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the human body’s initial responses to stress is the adrenal response, involving the release of mediators that include adrenaline and glucocorticoids (GC). GC are involved in controlling the inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. Of these, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to anti-inflammatory effects warrant more investigation. Previously, we found that GC induced GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) quickly and widely in thymocytes, T lymphocytes, and other leukocytes. GILZ regulates the activation of cells and is an essential mediator of endogenous GC and the majority of GC anti-inflammatory effects. Further research in this regard could lead to the development of an anti-inflammatory treatment that yields the therapeutic outcomes of GC but without their characteristic adverse effects. Here, we examine the mechanisms of GILZ in the context of GC. Specifically, we review its role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells and in apoptosis. We also examine its involvement in immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes), and in non-immune cells, including cancer cells. In conclusion, GILZ is an anti-inflammatory molecule that could mediate the immunomodulatory activities of GC, with less adverse effects, and could be a target molecule for designing new therapies to treat inflammatory diseases.
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17
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Kamimura R, Uchida D, Kanno SI, Shiraishi R, Hyodo T, Sawatani Y, Shimura M, Hasegawa T, Tsubura-Okubo M, Yaguchi E, Komiyama Y, Fukumoto C, Izumi S, Fujita A, Wakui T, Kawamata H. Identification of Binding Proteins for TSC22D1 Family Proteins Using Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010913. [PMID: 34681573 PMCID: PMC8536140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TSC-22 (TGF-β stimulated clone-22) has been reported to induce differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in various cells. TSC-22 is a member of a family in which many proteins are produced from four different family genes. TSC-22 (corresponding to TSC22D1-2) is composed of 144 amino acids translated from a short variant mRNA of the TSC22D1 gene. In this study, we attempted to determine the intracellular localizations of the TSC22D1 family proteins (TSC22D1-1, TSC-22 (TSC22D1-2), and TSC22(86) (TSC22D1-3)) and identify the binding proteins for TSC22D1 family proteins by mass spectrometry. We determined that TSC22D1-1 was mostly localized in the nucleus, TSC-22 (TSC22D1-2) was localized in the cytoplasm, mainly in the mitochondria and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after DNA damage, and TSC22(86) (TSC22D1-3) was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. We identified multiple candidates of binding proteins for TSC22D1 family proteins in in vitro pull-down assays and in vivo binding assays. Histone H1 bound to TSC-22 (TSC22D1-2) or TSC22(86) (TSC22D1-3) in the nucleus. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 (GNL3), which is also known as nucleostemin, bound to TSC-22 (TSC22D1-2) in the nucleus. Further investigation of the interaction of the candidate binding proteins with TSC22D1 family proteins would clarify the biological roles of TSC22D1 family proteins in several cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouta Kamimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Aobaku, Japan;
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Toshiki Hyodo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuta Sawatani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
- Section of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kamitsuga General Hospital, 1-1033 Shimoda-machi, Kanuma 322-8550, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiko Shimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
- Section of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sano Kosei General Hospital, 1728 Horigomecho, Sano 327-8511, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Maki Tsubura-Okubo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
- Section of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sano Kosei General Hospital, 1728 Horigomecho, Sano 327-8511, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Erika Yaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuske Komiyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Chonji Fukumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Sayaka Izumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Takahiro Wakui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
| | - Hitoshi Kawamata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Shimotsuga, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; (R.K.); (R.S.); (T.H.); (Y.S.); (M.S.); (T.H.); (M.T.-O.); (E.Y.); (Y.K.); (C.F.); (S.I.); (A.F.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-282-87-2130; Fax: +81-282-86-1681
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18
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Parayath NN, Hao S, Stephan SB, Koehne AL, Watson CE, Stephan MT. Genetic in situ engineering of myeloid regulatory cells controls inflammation in autoimmunity. J Control Release 2021; 339:553-561. [PMID: 34437913 PMCID: PMC8599636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of myeloid regulatory cells (MRCs) to control immune responses and to promote tolerance has prompted enormous interest in exploiting them therapeutically to treat inflammation, autoimmunity, or to improve outcomes in transplantation. While immunomodulatory small-molecule compounds and antibodies have provided relief for some patients, the dosing entails high systemic drug exposures and thus increased risk of off-target adverse effects. More recently, MRC-based cell-therapy products have entered clinical testing for tolerance induction. However, the elaborate and expensive protocols currently required to manufacture engineered MRCs ex vivo put this approach beyond the reach of many patients who might benefit. A solution could be to directly program MRCs in vivo. Here we describe a targeted nanocarrier that delivers in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding a key anti-inflammatory mediator. We demonstrate in models of systemic lupus erythematosus that infusions of nanoparticles formulated with mRNA encoding glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) effectively control the disease. We further establish that these nanoreagents are safe for repeated dosing. Implemented in the clinic, this new therapy could enable physicians to treat autoimmune disease while avoiding systemic treatments that disrupt immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Parayath
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - S Hao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - S B Stephan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - A L Koehne
- Translational Pathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C E Watson
- Translational Pathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M T Stephan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA.
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19
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Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082155. [PMID: 34440924 PMCID: PMC8394287 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential in regulating functions and homeostasis in many biological systems and are extensively used to treat a variety of conditions associated with immune/inflammatory processes. GCs are among the most powerful drugs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but their long-term usage is limited by severe adverse effects. For this reason, to envision new therapies devoid of typical GC side effects, research has focused on expanding the knowledge of cellular and molecular effects of GCs. GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a GC-target protein shown to mediate several actions of GCs, including inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. GILZ expression is not restricted to immune cells, and it has been shown to play a regulatory role in many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Research on the role of GILZ on endothelial cells has demonstrated its ability to modulate the inflammatory cascade, resulting in a downregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. GILZ also has the capacity to protect myocardial cells, as its deletion makes the heart, after a deleterious stimulus, more susceptible to apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, hypertrophy, and impaired function. Despite these advances, we have only just begun to appreciate the relevance of GILZ in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of GILZ in modulating biological processes relevant to cardiovascular biology.
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20
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Ruxolitinib as a Novel Therapeutic Option for Poor Prognosis T-LBL Pediatric Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153724. [PMID: 34359628 PMCID: PMC8345121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current treatment protocols for pediatric patients with T-Lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) allow the achievement of a complete remission in around 85% of T-LBL pediatric patients; however the overall survival rate of second-line treatments for patients with progressive disease or relapse is around 14%. Thus, the major issues to be addressed are the identification of a valuable predictor marker to foresee the disease risk and new therapeutic targets to improve relapsed/resistant patients’ outcome. We identified JAK2 Y1007-1008 as a potential prognosis marker as well as a therapeutic target for patients with progressive disease or relapse and suggest that its inhibition by ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 FDA approved inhibitor, could represent a novel therapeutic approach to overcome therapy resistance and meliorate the outcome of pediatric T-LBL patients. Abstract Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is the second most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood, mainly of T cell origin (T-LBL). Although current treatment protocols allow a complete remission in 85% of cases, the second-line treatment overall survival for patients with progressive or relapsed disease is around 14%, making this the major issue to be confronted. Thus, we performed a Reverse Phase Protein Array study in a cohort of 22 T-LBL patients to find reliable disease risk marker(s) and new therapeutic targets to improve pediatric T-LBL patients’ outcome. Interestingly, we pinpointed JAK2 Y1007-1008 as a potential prognosis marker as well as a therapeutic target in poor prognosis patients. Hence, the hyperactivation of the JAK1/2-STAT6 pathway characterizes these latter patients. Moreover, we functionally demonstrated that STAT6 hyperactivation contributes to therapy resistance by binding the glucocorticoid receptor, thus inhibiting its transcriptional activity. This was further confirmed by specific STAT6 gene silencing followed by dexamethasone treatment. Finally, JAK1/2-STAT6 pathway inhibition by ruxolitinib, an FDA approved drug, in cell line models and in one T-LBL primary sample led to cell proliferation reduction and increased apoptosis. Globally, our results identify a new potential prognostic marker and suggest a novel therapeutic approach to overcome therapy resistance in pediatric T-LBL patients.
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21
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Vanderhaeghen T, Beyaert R, Libert C. Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Glucocorticoid Signalling in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684085. [PMID: 34149725 PMCID: PMC8211996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced (GC) and hypoxia-induced transcriptional responses play an important role in tissue homeostasis and in the regulation of cellular responses to stress and inflammation. Evidence exists that there is an important crosstalk between both GC and hypoxia effects. Hypoxia is a pathophysiological condition to which cells respond quickly in order to prevent metabolic shutdown and death. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of oxygen homeostasis and are responsible for the ability of cells to cope with low oxygen levels. Maladaptive responses of HIFs contribute to a variety of pathological conditions including acute mountain sickness (AMS), inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-induced brain injury. Synthetic GCs which are analogous to the naturally occurring steroid hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents), have been used for decades as anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pathological conditions which are linked to hypoxia (i.e. asthma, ischemic injury). In this review, we investigate the crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and HIFs. We discuss possible mechanisms by which GR and HIF influence one another, in vitro and in vivo, and the therapeutic effects of GCs on HIF-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper regulates liver fibrosis by suppressing CCL2-mediated leukocyte recruitment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:421. [PMID: 33927191 PMCID: PMC8085011 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a dangerous clinical condition with no available treatment. Inflammation plays a critical role in LF progression. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ, encoded in mice by the Tsc22d3 gene) mimics many of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids, but its role in LF has not been directly addressed. Here, we found that GILZ deficiency in mice was associated with elevated CCL2 production and pro-inflammatory leukocyte infiltration at the early LF stage, resulting in enhanced LF development. RNA interference-mediated in vivo silencing of the CCL2 receptor CCR2 abolished the increased leukocyte recruitment and the associated hepatic stellate cell activation in the livers of GILZ knockout mice. To highlight the clinical relevance of these findings, we found that TSC22D3 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated and was inversely correlated with that of CCL2 in the liver samples of patients with LF. Altogether, these data demonstrate a protective role of GILZ in LF and uncover the mechanism, which can be targeted therapeutically. Therefore, modulating GILZ expression and its downstream targets represents a novel avenue for pharmacological intervention for treating LF and possibly other liver inflammatory disorders.
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23
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Lindsay A, Hickman D, Srinivasan M. A nuclear factor-kappa B inhibiting peptide suppresses innate immune receptors and gliosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111405. [PMID: 33756153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A disproportionate increase in activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has been shown to drive the Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, selective targeting of activated p65 represents an attractive therapeutic approach for AD. Glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a NF-κB interactant that binds and sequesters the activated p65 in the cytoplasm. The p65 binding domain of GILZ adopts a polyproline type II helical conformation, a motif that acts as an adaptable glove in the interface with the binding partner and constitutes an excellent template for drug design. Previously, peptide analogs of the p65 binding domain of GILZ, referred to as GA have been shown to suppress pathology in the lipopolysaccharide induced model of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the CNS delivery of labeled GA administered intraperitoneally in adult mice for a period of upto 24 h. Further, we evaluated the suppressive potential of GA in 5xFAD mice, an aggressive model with five genetic mutations closely associated with human AD. Groups of 5xFAD mice administered GA or control peptide intraperitoneally on alternate days for six weeks were evaluated for Aβ deposition, microglia, inflammation and innate immune responses by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase reaction. GA was observed in proximity with NeuN positive neurons suggesting that the compound crossed the blood brain barrier to reach the brain parenchyma. Further, GA treatment decreased Aβ load, reduced Iba1 + microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes, inhibited inflammatory cytokines and suppressed toll like receptor (TLR-2, TLR-4) expressions in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lindsay
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Deborah Hickman
- Laboratory of Animal Care and Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States; Provaidya LLC, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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24
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Gallelli L, Cione E, Wang T, Zhang L. Glucocorticoid-Like Activity of Escin: A New Mechanism for an Old Drug. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:699-704. [PMID: 33658760 PMCID: PMC7917317 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s297501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are a group of compounds used in clinical practice in the management of several diseases. Escin is a natural mixture of triterpene saponins which mainly consist of several isoforms, in which the α- and β-escin are predominant. β-escin is the major active compound that exerts a therapeutic effect by relieving tissue edema, promoting venous drainage, and reducing inflammation. In this review, we describe the features of its glucocorticoid-like activity that could explain its clinical effects. Using PubMed, Embase Cochrane library and reference lists for articles published until October 01, 2020, we documented that escin is likely able to exert its anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects through a glucocorticoid-like activity, but without the development of glucocorticoid-like adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy.,Research Center FAS@UMG, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Cappetta D, De Angelis A, Flamini S, Cozzolino A, Bereshchenko O, Ronchetti S, Cianflone E, Gagliardi A, Ricci E, Rafaniello C, Rossi F, Riccardi C, Berrino L, Bruscoli S, Urbanek K. Deficit of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper amplifies angiotensin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:217-228. [PMID: 33247627 PMCID: PMC7810940 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis in heart failure and the lack of real breakthrough strategies validate targeting myocardial remodelling and the intracellular signalling involved in this process. So far, there are no effective strategies to counteract hypertrophy, an independent predictor of heart failure progression and death. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is involved in inflammatory signalling, but its role in cardiac biology is unknown. Using GILZ-knockout (KO) mice and an experimental model of hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, we addressed the role of GILZ in adverse myocardial remodelling. Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction and hypertrophy. Interestingly, GILZ-KO showed more evident diastolic dysfunction and aggravated hypertrophic response compared with WT after Ang II administration. Both cardiomyocyte and left ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced in GILZ-KO mice. On the other hand, Ang II-induced inflammatory and fibrotic phenomena, cell death and reduction in microvascular density, remained invariant between the WT and KO groups. The analysis of regulators of hypertrophic response, GATA4 and FoxP3, demonstrated an up-regulation in WT mice infused with Ang II; conversely, such an increase did not occur in GILZ-KO hearts. These data on myocardial response to Ang II in mice lacking GILZ indicate that this protein is a new element that can be mechanistically involved in cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Anna Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and EducationUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity 'Magna Graecia' of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Andrea Gagliardi
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of MedicineSection of PharmacologyUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'NaplesItaly
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity 'Magna Graecia' of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
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26
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Chifu I, Detomas M, Dischinger U, Kimpel O, Megerle F, Hahner S, Fassnacht M, Altieri B. Management of Patients With Glucocorticoid-Related Diseases and COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:705214. [PMID: 34594302 PMCID: PMC8476969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.705214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global health crisis affecting millions of people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) after being cleaved by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In addition to the lung, gastrointestinal tract and kidney, ACE2 is also extensively expressed in endocrine tissues, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Although glucocorticoids could play a central role as immunosuppressants during the cytokine storm, they can have both stimulating and inhibitory effects on immune response, depending on the timing of their administration and their circulating levels. Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) or Cushing's syndrome (CS) are therefore vulnerable groups in relation to COVID-19. Additionally, patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) could also be more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the immunosuppressive state caused by the cancer itself, by secreted glucocorticoids, and by anticancer treatments. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on susceptibility to and outcome of COVID-19 in AI, CS and ACC patients and emphasizes potential pathophysiological mechanisms of susceptibility to COVID-19 as well as the management of these patients in case of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, by performing an in silico analysis, we describe the mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and the genes encoding their co-receptors CTSB, CTSL and FURIN in normal adrenal and adrenocortical tumors (both adenomas and carcinomas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chifu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Detomas
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Otilia Kimpel
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Megerle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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27
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He YJ, Xu JQ, Sun MM, Fang XZ, Peng ZK, Pan SW, Zhou T, Wang YX, Shang Y. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper: A Promising Marker for Monitoring and Treating Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606649. [PMID: 33424852 PMCID: PMC7793647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection that leads to organ dysfunction. The dysregulated inflammatory response transitions from a hyper-inflammatory phase to a hypo-inflammatory or immunosuppressive phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies are available for monitoring the complex immune response and treating sepsis due to individual variations in the timing and overlap of the dysregulated immune response in most patients. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), is broadly present in multiple tissues and circumvent glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) or unwanted side effects. Recently, the characteristics of GILZ downregulation during acute hyperinflammation and GILZ upregulation during the immunosuppressive phase in various inflammatory diseases have been well documented, and the protective effects of GILZ have gained attention in the field of sepsis. However, whether GILZ could be a promising candidate biomarker for monitoring and treating septic patients remains unknown. Here, we discuss the effect of GILZ in sepsis and sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Qian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Kang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shang-Wen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mozaffari MS. Role of GILZ in the Kidney and the Cardiovascular System: Relevance to Cardiorenal Complications of COVID-19. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:398-405. [PMID: 33008869 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are extensively used for a variety of conditions, including those associated with dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses as primary etiopathogenic factors. Indeed, the proinflammatory cytokine storm of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest condition for which the use of a glucocorticoid has been advocated. Recognition of serious adverse effects of glucocorticoids has led to research aimed at unraveling molecular basis by which they impact immune and inflammatory events with the ultimate objective of devising novel therapies to circumvent glucocorticoids-related adverse outcomes. Consequently, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein was discovered and is increasingly recognized as the pivotal regulator of the effects of glucocorticoids on immune and inflammatory responses. Importantly, the advent of GILZ-based options raises the prospect of their eventual therapeutic use for a variety of conditions accompanied with dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses and associated target organ complications. Thus, the objective of this minireview is to describe our current understanding of the role of GILZ in the cardiovascular system and the kidney along with outcome of GILZ-based interventions on associated disorders. This information is also of relevance for emerging complications of COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) was initially discovered as the pivotal mediator of immune regulatory/suppressive effects of glucocorticoids. Since the use of glucocorticoids is associated with serious adverse effects, GILZ-based formulations could offer therapeutic advantages. Thus, this minireview will describe our current understanding of the role of GILZ in the kidney and the cardiovascular system, which is of relevance and significance for pathologies affecting them, including the multiorgan complications of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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29
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Zheng HT, Zhang HY, Chen ST, Li MY, Fu T, Yang ZM. The detrimental effects of stress-induced glucocorticoid exposure on mouse uterine receptivity and decidualization. FASEB J 2020; 34:14200-14216. [PMID: 32918762 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902911rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), stress-induced steroid hormones, are released by adrenal cortex and essential for stress adaptation. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the relationship between GCs and pregnancy following the discovery that glucocorticoid receptor is necessary for implantation. It has been widely recognized that stress is detrimental to pregnancy. However, effects of stress-induced GC exposure on uterine receptivity and decidualization are still poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects of GCs exposure on uterine receptivity, decidualization, and their underlying mechanisms in mice. Single prolonged stress (SPS) and corticosterone (Cort) injection models were used to analyze effects of GC exposure on early pregnancy, respectively. SPS or Cort injection inhibits embryo implantation by interfering Lif signaling and stimulating the uterine deposition of collagen types I, III, and IV on day 4 of pregnancy. Uterine decidualization is also attenuated by SPS or Cort injection through suppressing Cox-2 expression. Cort-induced collagen disorder also suppresses decidualization through regulating mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Our data should shed lights for a better understanding for the effects of GCs on embryo implantation for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Ayyar VS, Jusko WJ. Transitioning from Basic toward Systems Pharmacodynamic Models: Lessons from Corticosteroids. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:414-438. [PMID: 32123034 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology in bioanalysis, -omics, and computation have evolved over the past half century to allow for comprehensive assessments of the molecular to whole body pharmacology of diverse corticosteroids. Such studies have advanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) concepts and models that often generalize across various classes of drugs. These models encompass the "pillars" of pharmacology, namely PK and target drug exposure, the mass-law interactions of drugs with receptors/targets, and the consequent turnover and homeostatic control of genes, biomarkers, physiologic responses, and disease symptoms. Pharmacokinetic methodology utilizes noncompartmental, compartmental, reversible, physiologic [full physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and minimal PBPK], and target-mediated drug disposition models using a growing array of pharmacometric considerations and software. Basic PK/PD models have emerged (simple direct, biophase, slow receptor binding, indirect response, irreversible, turnover with inactivation, and transduction models) that place emphasis on parsimony, are mechanistic in nature, and serve as highly useful "top-down" methods of quantitating the actions of diverse drugs. These are often components of more complex quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models that explain the array of responses to various drugs, including corticosteroids. Progressively deeper mechanistic appreciation of PBPK, drug-target interactions, and systems physiology from the molecular (genomic, proteomic, metabolomic) to cellular to whole body levels provides the foundation for enhanced PK/PD to comprehensive QSP models. Our research based on cell, animal, clinical, and theoretical studies with corticosteroids have provided ideas and quantitative methods that have broadly advanced the fields of PK/PD and QSP modeling and illustrates the transition toward a global, systems understanding of actions of diverse drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Over the past half century, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) have evolved to provide an array of mechanism-based models that help quantitate the disposition and actions of most drugs. We describe how many basic PK and PK/PD model components were identified and often applied to the diverse properties of corticosteroids (CS). The CS have complications in disposition and a wide array of simple receptor-to complex gene-mediated actions in multiple organs. Continued assessments of such complexities have offered opportunities to develop models ranging from simple PK to enhanced PK/PD to quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) that help explain therapeutic and adverse CS effects. Concurrent development of state-of-the-art PK, PK/PD, and QSP models are described alongside experimental studies that revealed diverse CS actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaswath S Ayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
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31
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Abstract
Sepsis in humans and experimental animals is characterized by an acute inflammatory response. glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory disorders, yet their effectiveness in sepsis is debatable. One of the major anti-inflammatory proteins induced by GCs is glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ, coded by the TSC22D3 gene). We found that TSC22D3 mRNA expression is downregulated in white blood cells of human sepsis patients. Interestingly, transgenic GILZ-overexpressing mice (GILZ-tg) showed better survival rates in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of mouse sepsis. To our surprise, GILZ had only mild anti-inflammatory effects in this model, as the systemic proinflammatory response was not significantly reduced in GILZ-tg mice compared with control mice. During CLP, we observed reduced bacterial counts in blood of GILZ-tg mice compared with control mice. We found increased expression of Tsc22d3 mRNA specifically in peritoneal exudate cells in the CLP model, as well as increased capacity for bacterial phagocytosis of CD45 GILZ-tg cells compared with CD45 GILZ-wt cells. Hence, we believe that the protective effects of GILZ in the CLP model can be linked to a more efficient phagocytosis.
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32
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Impaired estrogen signaling underlies regulatory T cell loss-of-function in the chronically inflamed intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17166-17176. [PMID: 32632016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002266117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling of 17β-estradiol (estrogen) through its two nuclear receptors, α and β (ERα, ERβ), is an important mechanism of transcriptional regulation. Although ERs are broadly expressed by cells of the immune system, the mechanisms by which they modulate immune responses remain poorly understood. ERβ-specific signaling is reduced in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease, and our previous work suggests that dysregulation of ERβ-specific signaling contributes to enhanced intestinal inflammation in female SAMP/YitFC mice, a spontaneous model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. The present study builds on these prior observations to identify a nonredundant, immunoprotective role for ERβ-specific signaling in TGF-β-dependent regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Using a strain of congenic SAMP mice engineered to lack global expression of ERβ, we observed dramatic, female-specific exacerbation of intestinal inflammation accompanied by significant reductions in intestinal Treg frequency and function. Impaired Treg suppression in the absence of ERβ was associated with aberrant overexpression of Tsc22d3 (GILZ), a glucocorticoid-responsive transcription factor not normally expressed in mature Tregs, and ex vivo data reveal that forced overexpression of GILZ in mature Tregs inhibits their suppressive function. Collectively, our findings identify a pathway of estrogen-mediated immune regulation in the intestine, whereby homeostatic expression of ERβ normally functions to limit Treg-specific expression of GILZ, thereby maintaining effective immune suppression. Our data suggest that transcriptional cross-talk between glucocorticoid and steroid sex hormone signaling represents an important and understudied regulatory node in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Veny M, Grases D, Kucharova K, Lin WW, Nguyen J, Huang S, Ware CF, Ranscht B, Šedý JR. Contactin-1 Is Required for Peripheral Innervation and Immune Homeostasis Within the Intestinal Mucosa. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1268. [PMID: 32676079 PMCID: PMC7333639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regulation of diverse physiological functions requires complex molecular interactions in innervated tissues to maintain proper organ function. Here we show that loss of the neuronal cell surface adhesion/recognition molecule Contactin-1 (Cntn1) directly impairs intestinal function causing wasting that subsequently results in global immune defects. Loss of Cntn1 results in hematologic alterations and changes in blood metabolites associated with malnourishment. We found thymus and spleen of Cntn1-deficient animals atrophied with severe reductions in lymphocyte populations. Elevated thymic Gilz expression indicated ongoing glucocorticoid signaling in Cntn1-deficient animals, consistent with the malnourishment phenotype. Intestinal Contactin-1 was localized to neurons in the villi and the submucosal/myenteric plexus that innervates smooth muscle. Loss of Cntn1 was associated with reduced intestinal Bdnf and Adrb2, indicating reduced neuromuscular crosstalk. Additionally, loss of Cntn1 resulted in reduced recruitment of CD3+ T cells to villi within the small intestine. Together, these data illustrate the critical role of Contactin-1 function within the gut, and how this is required for normal systemic immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Veny
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Grases
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karolina Kucharova
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wai Wai Lin
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Huang
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Ronchetti S, Gentili M, Ricci E, Migliorati G, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper as a Druggable Target in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1017-1025. [PMID: 31961437 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex pathogenesis, affecting people of all ages. They are characterized by alternating phases of clinical relapse and remission, depending on the fine balance between immune cells and the gut microbiota. The cross talk between cells of the immune system and the gut microbiota can result in either tolerance or inflammation, according to multifactorial triggers, ranging from environmental factors to genetic susceptibility. Glucocorticoid (GC) administration remains the first-line treatment for IBDs, although long-term use is limited by development of serious adverse effects. Recently, new alternative pharmacological therapies have been developed, although these are not always effective in IBD patients. There is a constant demand for effective new drug targets to guarantee total remission and improve the quality of life for IBD patients. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been implicated as a promising candidate for this purpose, in view of its powerful anti-inflammatory effects that mimic those of GCs while avoiding their unwanted adverse reactions. Here we present and discuss the latest findings about the involvement of GILZ in IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gentili
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Perugia, Italy
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35
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Valbuena Perez JV, Linnenberger R, Dembek A, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C, Schulz MH, Meyer MR, Kiemer AK, Hoppstädter J. Altered glucocorticoid metabolism represents a feature of macroph-aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13156. [PMID: 32463582 PMCID: PMC7294787 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by a chronic, low‐grade inflammatory state, termed “inflammaging.” It has been suggested that macrophage activation plays a key role in the induction and maintenance of this state. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for aging‐associated changes in the myeloid compartment of mice. The aging phenotype, characterized by elevated cytokine production, was associated with a dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and diminished serum corticosteroid levels. In particular, the concentration of corticosterone, the major active glucocorticoid in rodents, was decreased. This could be explained by an impaired expression and activity of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1), an enzyme that determines the extent of cellular glucocorticoid responses by reducing the corticosteroids cortisone/11‐dehydrocorticosterone to their active forms cortisol/corticosterone, in aged macrophages and peripheral leukocytes. These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor target gene glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in vitro and in vivo. Since GILZ plays a central role in macrophage activation, we hypothesized that the loss of GILZ contributed to the process of macroph‐aging. The phenotype of macrophages from aged mice was indeed mimicked in young GILZ knockout mice. In summary, the current study provides insight into the role of glucocorticoid metabolism and GILZ regulation during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Linnenberger
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Anna Dembek
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Pharmacology Department of Medicine Perugia University Perugia Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Pharmacology Department of Medicine Perugia University Perugia Italy
| | - Marcel H. Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Markus R. Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) Saarland University Homburg Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department of Pharmacy Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
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36
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Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Genes Immun 2020; 21:150-168. [PMID: 32203088 PMCID: PMC7276297 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid synthesis is a complex, multistep process that starts with cholesterol being delivered to the inner membrane of mitochondria by StAR and StAR-related proteins. Here its side chain is cleaved by CYP11A1 producing pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is converted to cortisol by the enzymes 3-βHSD, CYP17A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system and exert their action through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Although corticosteroids are primarily produced in the adrenal gland, they can also be produced in a number of extra-adrenal tissue including the immune system, skin, brain, and intestine. Glucocorticoid production is regulated by ACTH, CRH, and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα. The bioavailability of cortisol is also dependent on its interconversion to cortisone which is inactive, by 11βHSD1/2. Local and systemic glucocorticoid biosynthesis can be stimulated by ultraviolet B, explaining its immunosuppressive activity. In this review, we want to emphasize that dysregulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid production can play a key role in a variety of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and skin inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Further research on local glucocorticoid production and its bioavailability may open doors into new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Small B, Millard CEF, Kisanga EP, Burman A, Anam A, Flannery C, Al-Hendy A, Whirledge S. The Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Ulipristal Acetate Inhibits the Activity of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5609012. [PMID: 31665442 PMCID: PMC7112983 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The selective progesterone modulator ulipristal acetate (ulipristal) offers a much-needed therapeutic option for the clinical management of uterine fibroids. Although ulipristal initially passed safety evaluations in Europe, postmarketing analysis identified cases of hepatic injury and failure, leading to restrictions on the long-term use of ulipristal. One of the factors potentially contributing to significant side effects with the selective progesterone modulators is cross-reactivity with other steroid receptors. OBJECTIVE To determine whether ulipristal can alter the activity of the endogenous glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in relevant cell types. DESIGN Immortalized human uterine fibroid cells (UtLM) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and/or ulipristal. Primary uterine fibroid tissue was isolated from patients undergoing elective gynecological surgery and treated ex vivo with dexamethasone and/or ulipristal. In vivo ulipristal exposure was performed in C57Bl/6 mice to measure the effect on basal gene expression in target tissues throughout the body. RESULTS Dexamethasone induced the expression of established glucocorticoid-target genes period 1 (PER1), FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in UtLM and HepG2 cells, whereas cotreatment with ulipristal blocked the transcriptional response to glucocorticoids in a dose-dependent manner. Ulipristal inhibited glucocorticoid-mediated phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA interactions of GR. Glucocorticoid stimulation of PER1, FKBP5, and GILZ was abolished by cotreatment with ulipristal in primary uterine fibroid tissue. The expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes was decreased in the lung, liver, and uterus of mice exposed to 2 mg/kg ulipristal. Interestingly, transcript levels of Fkbp5 and Gilz were increased in the hippocampus and pituitary. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that ulipristal inhibits endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in human fibroid and liver cells, which is an important consideration for its use as a long-term therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Small
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles E F Millard
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edwina P Kisanga
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andreanna Burman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anika Anam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Clare Flannery
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Shannon Whirledge, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, Office LSOG 204C, New Haven, CT, 06510. E-mail:
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Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Acute Kidney Injury: Crosstalk between Cannabidiol and GILZ. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6056373. [PMID: 32185239 PMCID: PMC7060850 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6056373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as largely tissue-resident archetypal cells of the immune system. We tested the hypotheses that renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a contributing factor to polarization of ILCs and that glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and cannabidiol regulate them in this condition. Mice subjected to unilateral renal IRI were treated with the following agents before restoration of renal blood flow: cannabidiol, DMSO, transactivator of transcription- (TAT-) GILZ, or the TAT peptide. Thereafter, kidney cells were prepared for flow cytometry analyses. Sham kidneys treated with either cannabidiol or TAT-GILZ displayed similar frequencies of each subset of ILCs compared to DMSO or TAT, respectively. Renal IRI increased ILC1s and ILC3s but reduced ILC2s compared to the sham group. Cannabidiol or TAT-GILZ treatment of IRI kidneys reversed this pattern as evidenced by reduced ILC1s and ILC3s but increased ILC2s compared to their DMSO- or TAT-treated counterparts. While TAT-GILZ treatment did not significantly affect cells positive for cannabinoid receptors subtype 2 (CB2+), cannabidiol treatment increased frequency of both CB2+ and GILZ-positive (GILZ+) cells of IRI kidneys. Subsequent studies showed that IRI reduced GILZ+ subsets of ILCs, an effect less marked for ILC2s. Treatment with cannabidiol increased frequencies of each subset of GILZ+ ILCs, but the effect was more marked for ILC2s. Indeed, cannabidiol treatment increased CB2+ GILZ+ ILC2s. Collectively, the results indicate that both cannabidiol and GILZ regulate ILC frequency and phenotype, in acute kidney injury, and that the effects of cannabidiol likely relate to modulation of endogenous GILZ.
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Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK. New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:59-73. [PMID: 32070175 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1728765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological intrinsic host response to injury meant for removal of noxious stimuli and maintenance of homeostasis. It is a defensive body mechanism that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators of inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones responsible for regulation of homeostatic and metabolic functions of body. Synthetic GCs are the most useful anti-inflammatory drugs used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, multiple sclerosis, tendinitis, lupus, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis whereas, the long term use of GCs are associated with many side effects. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (desired) effects of GCs are usually mediated by transrepression mechanism whereas; the metabolic and toxic (undesired) effects are usually manifested by transactivation mechanism. Though GCs are most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the common problem associated with their use is GC resistance. Several research studies are rising to comprehend these mechanisms, which would be helpful in improving the GC resistance in asthma and COPD patients. This review aims to focus on identification of new drug targets in inflammation which will be helpful in the resolution of inflammation. The ample understanding of GC mechanisms of action helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disease with reduced side effects and minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
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40
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Kuo CE, Chen YM. Characterization of gonadal glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein expression during sex change in the protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110416. [PMID: 32017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been proven as a key drive of sex change in sequentially hermaphroditic organisms. However, the upstream mechanism of sex steroid hormones regulation that affect sex change remain unknown. The main glucocorticoid in teleost fish is cortisol, which both regulates steroidogenesis and has antistress action. Thus, cortisol might be one of the prime factors in sex change. In this study, the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene, was proven to have a dramatic effect in orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) during sex change at the early stage of gonadal transition. The specific action of the GILZ protein is at the pouch-shaped proliferative spermatogonia instead of the degenerative oocyte at the onset of sex change. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence revealed that GILZ performs intensively at undifferentiated spermatogonia in the early testis stage. These results imply that cortisol provokes a rise of GILZ through regulation caused by steroid hormones leading to sex change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cham-En Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hoppstädter J, Valbuena Perez JV, Linnenberger R, Dahlem C, Legroux TM, Hecksteden A, Tse WKF, Flamini S, Andreas A, Herrmann J, Herr C, Müller R, Meyer T, Bals R, Riccardi C, Bruscoli S, Kiemer AK. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper mediates statin-induced muscle damage. FASEB J 2020; 34:4684-4701. [PMID: 32030813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902557rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Statins, the most prescribed class of drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, can cause muscle-related adverse effects. It has been shown that the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) plays a key role in the anti-myogenic action of dexamethasone. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of GILZ in statin-induced myopathy. Statins induced GILZ expression in C2C12 cells, primary murine myoblasts/myotubes, primary human myoblasts, and in vivo in zebrafish embryos and human quadriceps femoris muscle. Gilz induction was mediated by FOXO3 activation and binding to the Gilz promoter, and could be reversed by the addition of geranylgeranyl, but not farnesyl, pyrophosphate. Atorvastatin decreased Akt phosphorylation and increased cleaved caspase-3 levels in myoblasts. This effect was reversed in myoblasts from GILZ knockout mice. Similarly, myofibers isolated from knockout animals were more resistant toward statin-induced cell death than their wild-type counterparts. Statins also impaired myoblast differentiation, and this effect was accompanied by GILZ induction. The in vivo relevance of our findings was supported by the observation that gilz overexpression in zebrafish embryos led to impaired embryonic muscle development. Taken together, our data point toward GILZ as an essential mediator of the molecular mechanisms leading to statin-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rebecca Linnenberger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Charlotte Dahlem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thierry M Legroux
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - William K F Tse
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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42
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Vassiliou AG, Stamogiannos G, Jahaj E, Botoula E, Floros G, Vassiliadi DA, Ilias I, Tsagarakis S, Tzanela M, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Longitudinal evaluation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha/beta expression and signalling, adrenocortical function and cytokines in critically ill steroid-free patients. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110656. [PMID: 31756425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoid actions are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) whose dysfunction leads to glucocorticoid tissue resistance. Our objective was to evaluate GCR-α and GCR-β expression and key steps in the GCR signalling cascade in critical illness. METHODS Expression of GCR and major GCR-target genes, cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cytokines was measured in 42 patients on ICU admission and on days 4, 8, and 13. Twenty-five age- and sex-matched subjects were used as controls. RESULTS Acutely, mRNA expression of GCR-α was 10-fold and of GCR-β 3-fold the expression of controls, while during the sub-acute phase expression of both isoforms was lower compared to controls. Expression of FKBP5 and GILZ decreased significantly. Cortisol levels remained elevated and ACTH increased during the 13-day period. CONCLUSIONS GCR expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function undergo a biphasic response during critical illness. The dissociation between low GCR expression and high cortisol implies an abnormal stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Stamogiannos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efi Botoula
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Floros
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Endocrine Unit, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinella Tzanela
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Ng HP, Jennings S, Nelson S, Wang G. Short-Chain Alcohols Upregulate GILZ Gene Expression and Attenuate LPS-Induced Septic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:53. [PMID: 32117233 PMCID: PMC7008712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol differentially affects human health, depending on the pattern of exposure. Moderate intake provides beneficial mood modulation and an anti-inflammatory effect, while excessive consumption leads to immunosuppression and various alcohol use disorders. The mechanism underlying this bi-phasic action mode of alcohol has not been clearly defined. Our previous publication demonstrated that ethanol, in the absence of glucocorticoids (GCs), induces expression of Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper (GILZ), a key molecule that transduces GC anti-inflammatory effect through a non-canonical activation of glucocorticoid receptor (1). Here we report that similar short-chain alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, share the same property of upregulating GILZ gene expression, and blunt cell inflammatory response in vitro. When mice were exposed to these alcohols, GILZ gene expression in immune cells was augmented in a dose-dependent manner. Monocytes and neutrophils were most affected. The short-chain alcohols suppressed host inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and significantly reduced LPS-induced mortality. Intriguingly, propanol and isopropanol displayed more potent protection than ethanol at the same dose. Inhibition of ethanol metabolism enhanced the ethanol protective effect, suggesting that it is ethanol, not its derivatives or metabolites, that induces immune suppression. Taken together, short-chain alcohols per se upregulate GILZ gene expression and provide immune protection against LPS toxicity, suggesting a potential measure to counter LPS septic shock in a resource limited situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Pong Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Scott Jennings
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Steve Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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44
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Wofford KL, Singh BS, Cullen DK, Spiller KL. Biomaterial-mediated reprogramming of monocytes via microparticle phagocytosis for sustained modulation of macrophage phenotype. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:237-248. [PMID: 31731024 PMCID: PMC6960335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages orchestrate tissue regeneration by homing to sites of injury, phagocytosing pathological debris, and stimulating other cell types to repair the tissue. Accordingly, monocytes have been investigated as a translational and potent source for cell therapy, but their utility has been hampered by their rapid acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to the inflammatory injury microenvironment. To overcome this problem, we designed a cell therapy strategy where monocytes are exogenously reprogrammed by intracellularly loading the cells with biodegradable microparticles containing an anti-inflammatory drug in order to modulate and maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype over time. To test this concept, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles were loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (Dex) and administered to primary human monocytes for four hours to facilitate phagocytic uptake. After removal of non-phagocytosed microparticles, microparticle-loaded monocytes differentiated into macrophages and stored the microparticles intracellularly for several weeks in vitro, releasing drug into the extracellular environment over time. Cells loaded with intracellular Dex microparticles showed decreased expression and secretion of inflammatory factors even in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli up to 7 days after microparticle uptake compared to untreated cells or cells loaded with blank microparticles, without interfering with phagocytosis of tissue debris. This study represents a new strategy for long-term maintenance of anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype using a translational monocyte-based cell therapy strategy without the use of genetic modification. Because of the ubiquitous nature of monocyte-derived macrophage involvement in pathology and regeneration, this strategy holds potential as a treatment for a vast number of diseases and disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We report a unique and translational strategy to overcome the challenges associated with monocyte- and macrophage-based cell therapies, in which the cells rapidly take on inflammatory phenotypes when administered to sites of injury. By intracellularly loading monocytes with drug-loaded microparticles prior to administration via phagocytosis, we were able to inhibit inflammation while preserving functional behaviors of human primary macrophages derived from those monocytes up to seven days later. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of reprogramming macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype without the use of genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wofford
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery & Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Bhavani S Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery & Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Hwang J, Haque MA, Suzuki H, Dijke PT, Kato M. THG-1 suppresses SALL4 degradation to induce stemness genes and tumorsphere formation through antagonizing NRBP1 in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:307-314. [PMID: 31864704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Knockdown of THG-1 in TE13 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells is known to suppress tumorsphere growth. THG-1 was identified as an NRBP1 binding protein, and NRBP1 was reported to downregulate an stemness-related transcriptional factor SALL4, so we decided to examine the possibility that tumorigenic function of THG-1 is achieved by the competition to the tumor-suppressive function of NRBP1. SALL4 was decreased in THG-1 deficient TE13 cells with reduced tumorsphere formation, while exogenous SALL4 expression in THG-1 deficient TE13 cells recovered expression of stemness genes (NANOG and OCT4) and partially, but significantly, recovered tumorsphere formation ability. Additionally, we found that NRBP1 induced ubiquitination of SALL4, and THG-1 interrupted the ubiquitination of SALL4 by antagonizing NRBP1 binding to SALL4. These results suggest that THG-1 promotes tumorsphere growth of ESCC cells by the stabilization of SALL4 protein and induction of the target stemness genes through competitive binding to NRBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Hwang
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Md Anwarul Haque
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshai, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Koyanagi M, Arimura Y. Comparative Expression Analysis of Stress-Inducible Genes in Murine Immune Cells. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:907-925. [PMID: 31833438 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1702673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psychological stress affects the immune system. Upon stress occurrence, glucocorticoid is released that binds to the glucocorticoid receptor and regulates gene expression. Thus, we aimed to examine the stress-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms by investigating the expression patterns of stress-inducible genes in murine immune cells. Methods: BALB/c, C57BL/6, glucocorticoid-receptor congenic mice, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-deficient mice were exposed to synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, or placed under a restraint condition. The expression level of stress-related genes, such as Rtp801, Gilz, Mkp-1, Bnip3, and Trp53inp1 was measured in the immune cells in these mice. Results: Short restraint stress induced Rtp801 and Gilz expressions that were higher in the spleen of BALB/c mice than those in C57BL/6 mice. Mkp-1 expression increased equally in these two strains, despite the difference in the glucocorticoid level. These three genes induced by short restraint stress were not induced in the CRH-deficient mice. In contrast, Bnip3 and Trp53inp1 were only upregulated upon longer restraint events. In the thymus, Trp53inp1 expression was induced upon short restraint stress, whereas Gilz expression constantly increased upon short and repetitive restraint stresses. Conclusion: These results suggest that singular and repetitive bouts of stress lead to differential gene expression in mice and stress-induced gene expression in thymocytes is distinct from that observed in splenocytes. Gilz, Rtp801, and Mkp-1 genes induced by short restraint stress are dependent on CRH in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Koyanagi
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University , Tokyo, Japan
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47
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The shift in the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by glucocorticoid receptor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31805987 PMCID: PMC6896503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into several tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Glucocorticoids affect a variety of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of various cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes. Glucocorticoids exert their function by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids stimulate osteoblast proliferation and promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, pharmacological concentrations of glucocorticoids can not only induce apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes but can also reduce proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Several signaling pathways, including the Wnt, TGFβ/BMP superfamily and Notch signaling pathways, transcription factors, post-transcriptional regulators, and other regulators, regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs mediated by GR. These signaling pathways target key transcription factors, such as Runx2 and TAZ for osteogenesis and PPARγ and C/EBPs for adipogenesis. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis are caused by various factors including dysfunction of bone marrow MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs is valuable in regenerative medicine for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other skeletal disorders. However, the mechanism of inducing MSCs to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage is the key to an efficient treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the imbalance between GR-mediated osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs would not only help us to identify the pathogenic causes of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis but also promote future clinical applications for stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we primarily review the signaling mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis mediated by GR and discuss the factors that control the adipo-osteogenic balance.
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48
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Guo Y, Gu R, Yu J, Lei B, Gan D, Xu G. Synthetic Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Peptide Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Rats. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:434-442. [PMID: 31770752 DOI: 10.1159/000505003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory action of a synthetic glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ98-134) peptide (GILZ-p) in a model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. METHODS The EIU model was induced in Sprague Dawley rats with an intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Synthetic GILZ-p was injected intravitreally 6 h after the LPS injection. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GILZ-p, the inflammatory response in the anterior chamber and iris of the rat eyes was evaluated with a slitlamp microscope on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after GILZ-p injection. The retinal expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after GILZ-p injection. Müller cell gliosis was also detected at planned time points after GILZ-p injection. RESULTS Anterior segment inflammation peaked at 24 h after LPS injection in the EIU model. Compared with the controls, intravitreal GILZ-p significantly suppressed LPS-induced anterior segment inflammation in the EIU rats. The levels of retinal inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were simultaneously reduced by the intravitreal GILZ-p injection. The expression of vimentin in the EIU retina was significantly reduced by GILZ-p, and the downregulated aquaporin 4 in the EIU retina was significantly restored by GILZ-p. CONCLUSION The synthetic GILZ-p inhibited the inflammatory reaction in the EIU model and may have utility in the treatment of inflammatory ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boya Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekang Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China, .,Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Shanghai, China,
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49
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Sevilla LM, Pérez P. Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ) in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2220. [PMID: 31572404 PMCID: PMC6753639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory human disease initiated by impaired function of immune cells and epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in increased cytokine production and hyperproliferation, leading to skin lesions. Overproduction of Th1- and Th17-cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and IL-22, is a major driver of the disease. Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the mainstay protocol for treating psoriasis as they modulate epidermal differentiation and are potent anti-inflammatory compounds. The development of safer GC-based therapies is a high priority due to potentially severe adverse effects associated with prolonged GC use. Specific efforts have focused on downstream anti-inflammatory effectors of GC-signaling such as GC-Induced-Leucine-Zipper (GILZ), which suppresses Th17 responses and antagonizes multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in psoriasis, including AP-1, NF-κB, STAT3, and ROR-γt. Here we review evidence regarding defective GC signaling, GC receptor (GR) function, and GILZ in psoriasis. We discuss seemingly contradicting data on the loss- and gain-of-function of GILZ in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. We also present potential therapeutic strategies aimed to restore GC-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Animal Models of Skin Pathologies Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protects noise-induced apoptosis in cochlear cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. Med Mol Morphol 2019; 53:73-81. [PMID: 31485805 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-019-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis has been reported to be involved in the noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) protein has been reported to have different regulatory effects on apoptosis according to cell types. However, whether GILZ regulates apoptosis in cochlear cells is unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which GILZ protected ER stress-mediated cochlear apoptosis induced by noise exposure. In our trials, forty-eight male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomized into the noise, OE-GILZ-rLV + noise (ON), shRNA-GILZ-rLV + noise (SN), and control group. Rats in noise and control groups were pre-treated by administration of Blank-rLV. Before and on days 1, 4, 14 after noise exposure, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and cochlear apoptosis were detected. Changes in GILZ, GRP78, CHOP, Bcl-xL, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 levels were investigated. Noise exposure increased ABR threshold shifts and cochlear apoptosis in parallel with downregulation of Bcl-xL and upregulation of GRP78, CHOP, Bax and cleaved caspase-3. GILZ overexpression significantly reduced ABR threshold shifts and apoptotic cochlear cells owing to noise exposure. GILZ overexpression in the cochlea further increased GRP78 elevation, decreased expression of CHOP, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and increased expression of Bcl-xL. GILZ silencing demonstrated the opposite effect on these effects. GILZ protects cochlea from ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by noise exposure through reduction of CHOP and regulation of ER stress-associated apoptotic proteins.
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