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Tur C, Eckstein M, Velden J, Rauber S, Bergmann C, Auth J, Bucci L, Corte G, Hagen M, Wirsching A, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Reis P, Kittan N, Wacker J, Rius Rigau A, Ramming A, D'Agostino MA, Hartmann A, Müller F, Mackensen A, Bozec A, Schett G, Raimondo MG. CD19-CAR T-cell therapy induces deep tissue depletion of B cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-226142. [PMID: 39153835 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can induce long-term drug-free remission in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). The efficacy of CD19-CAR T-cell therapy is presumably based on deep tissue depletion of B cells; however, such effect has not been proven in humans in vivo. METHODS Sequential ultrasound-guided inguinal lymph node biopsies were performed at baseline and after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy in patients with AIDs. Results were compared with lymph node biopsies from rituximab (RTX)-treated AID patients with absence of peripheral B cells. Conventional and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on lymph node tissue to assess architecture as well the number of B cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), plasma cells, T cells and macrophages. RESULTS Sequential lymph node biopsies were analysed from five patients with AID before and after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy and from five patients with AID after RTX treatment. In addition, non-lymphoid organ biopsies (colon, kidney and gallbladder) from three additional patients with AID after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy were analysed. CD19+ and CD20+ B cells were completely depleted in the lymph nodes after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, but not after RTX treatment. Plasma cells, T cells and macrophages in the lymph nodes remained unchanged. Follicular structures were disrupted and FDCs were depleted in the lymph nodes after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, but not after RTX. Non-lymphoid organs were completely depleted of B cells. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates complete B-cell depletion in secondary lymphoid tissues of patients with AIDs following CD19-CAR T-cell therapy combined with standard lymphodepleting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Tur
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Velden
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Auth
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Bucci
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giulia Corte
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Hagen
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wirsching
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Reis
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Kittan
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wacker
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria-Antonietta D'Agostino
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5-Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Raimondo
- Department of Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, Erlangen, Germany
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Teillaud JL, Houel A, Panouillot M, Riffard C, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary lymphoid structures in anticancer immunity. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:629-646. [PMID: 39117919 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are transient ectopic lymphoid aggregates where adaptive antitumour cellular and humoral responses can be elaborated. Initially described in non-small cell lung cancer as functional immune lymphoid structures associated with better clinical outcome, TLS have also been found in many other carcinomas, as well as melanomas and sarcomas, and associated with improved response to immunotherapy. The manipulation of TLS as a therapeutic strategy is now coming of age owing to the likely role of TLS in the improved survival of patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. TLS have also garnered considerable interest as a predictive biomarker of the response to antitumour therapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and, possibly, chemotherapy. However, several important questions still remain regarding the definition of TLS in terms of both their cellular composition and functions. Here, we summarize the current views on the composition of TLS at different stages of their development. We also discuss the role of B cells and T cells associated with TLS and their dialogue in mounting antibody and cellular antitumour responses, as well as some of the various mechanisms that negatively regulate antitumour activity of TLS. The prognostic value of TLS to the clinical outcome of patients with cancer and the relationship between TLS and the response to therapy are then addressed. Finally, we present some preclinical evidence that favours the idea that manipulating the formation and function of TLS could lead to a potent next-generation cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France
- Inserm U1135, Paris, France
- Center of Immunology and Microbial Infections (Cimi), Faculty of Health, Paris, France
| | - Ana Houel
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France
- Inserm U1135, Paris, France
- Center of Immunology and Microbial Infections (Cimi), Faculty of Health, Paris, France
- Transgene, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marylou Panouillot
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France
- Inserm U1135, Paris, France
- Center of Immunology and Microbial Infections (Cimi), Faculty of Health, Paris, France
- Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Clémence Riffard
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France
- Inserm U1135, Paris, France
- Center of Immunology and Microbial Infections (Cimi), Faculty of Health, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Paris, France.
- Inserm U1135, Paris, France.
- Center of Immunology and Microbial Infections (Cimi), Faculty of Health, Paris, France.
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Gogoleva VS, Drutskaya MS, Vorontsov AI, Atretkhany KSN, Belogurov AA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Lymphotoxins from distinct types of lymphoid cells differentially contribute to neuroinflammation. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350977. [PMID: 39210647 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin α and lymphotoxin β (LTs), TNF superfamily members, are expressed in either soluble (LTα3) or membrane-bound (LTα1β2 or LTα2β1) forms. In the pathological context, LT-mediated signaling is known to exacerbate autoimmunity by perpetuating inflammation and promoting the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Despite this understanding, the exact roles of LTα and LTβ in the pathogenesis of the murine model of multiple sclerosis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), remain controversial. Here, we employed a panel of gene-modified mice with cell-type restricted ablation of LTα (targeting both membrane-bound and soluble forms of LTs) to unravel the contributions of LTs from various lymphoid cells, namely T cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and B cells, in EAE. We found that the effects of LTα deletion were dependent on the cellular source. ILC3-derived lymphotoxins exerted a protective role in EAE by regulating the accumulation of IFN-ɣ- and GM-CSF-producing TH cells in the CNS. In contrast, T-cell-derived lymphotoxins promoted IL-17A- and GM-CSF-mediated TH responses in the periphery, whereas B-cell-derived lymphotoxins were pathogenic only in the autoantibody-mediated EAE model. Collectively, our findings unveil the multifaceted involvement of lymphotoxins in EAE pathogenesis and challenge the view that lymphotoxins play a solely pathogenic role in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta S Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354349, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander I Vorontsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- AG Chronic Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354349, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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4
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Chen Q, Muñoz AR, Korchagina AA, Shou Y, Vallecer J, Todd AW, Shein SA, Tumanov AV, Koroleva E. LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects from chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388496. [PMID: 38873613 PMCID: PMC11169669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate immune mechanisms governing mucosal healing following intestinal damage induced by cytotoxic drugs remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling in chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage. LTβR deficient mice exhibited heightened body weight loss, exacerbated intestinal pathology, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, reduced IL-22 expression, and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells following methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Furthermore, LTβR-/-IL-22-/- mice succumbed to MTX treatment, suggesting that LTβR- and IL-22- dependent pathways jointly promote mucosal repair. Although both LTβR ligands LIGHT and LTβ were upregulated in the intestine early after MTX treatment, LIGHT-/- mice, but not LTβ-/- mice, displayed exacerbated disease. Further, we revealed the critical role of T cells in mucosal repair as T cell-deficient mice failed to upregulate intestinal LIGHT expression and exhibited increased body weight loss and intestinal pathology. Analysis of mice with conditional inactivation of LTβR revealed that LTβR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells, but not in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, macrophages or dendritic cells was critical for mucosal repair. Furthermore, inactivation of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway member RelB in intestinal epithelial cells promoted MTX-induced disease. Based on these results, we propose a model wherein LIGHT produced by T cells activates LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to facilitate mucosal repair following chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangxing Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amanda R. Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yajun Shou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jensine Vallecer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Austin W. Todd
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Fumagalli V, Ravà M, Marotta D, Di Lucia P, Bono EB, Giustini L, De Leo F, Casalgrandi M, Monteleone E, Mouro V, Malpighi C, Perucchini C, Grillo M, De Palma S, Donnici L, Marchese S, Conti M, Muramatsu H, Perlman S, Pardi N, Kuka M, De Francesco R, Bianchi ME, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge conferred by prior infection or vaccination. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:633-643. [PMID: 38486021 PMCID: PMC11003867 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines have reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity and mortality, yet emerging variants challenge their effectiveness. The prevailing approach to updating vaccines targets the antibody response, operating under the presumption that it is the primary defense mechanism following vaccination or infection. This perspective, however, can overlook the role of T cells, particularly when antibody levels are low or absent. Here we show, through studies in mouse models lacking antibodies but maintaining functional B cells and lymphoid organs, that immunity conferred by prior infection or mRNA vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge independently of antibodies. Our findings, using three distinct models inclusive of a novel human/mouse ACE2 hybrid, highlight that CD8+ T cells are essential for combating severe infections, whereas CD4+ T cells contribute to managing milder cases, with interferon-γ having an important function in this antibody-independent defense. These findings highlight the importance of T cell responses in vaccine development, urging a broader perspective on protective immunity beyond just antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Marotta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa B Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Violette Mouro
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Perucchini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Grillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara De Palma
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Charles River Laboratories, Calco, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Randolph G, Erlich E, Czepielewski R, Field R, Dunning T, Saleh L, Hoofnagle M, Tumanov A, Guilak F, Brestoff J. Distinct roles for LTalpha3 and LTalpha1beta2 produced by B cells contribute to their multi-faceted impact on ileitis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3962916. [PMID: 38464070 PMCID: PMC10925464 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3962916/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
B lymphocytes may facilitate chronic inflammation through antibody production or secretion of cytokines, including lymphotoxin (LT)-a 1 b 2 associated with development of lymphoid tissue. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) characterize human and murine ileitis by suppressing outflow from the ileum. Here, we show that B cell-derived secretory IgA protected against ileal inflammation, whereas B cell-derived LTa guarded against ileitis-associated loss of body mass. We initially hypothesized this protection resulted from formation of TLS that suppressed lymphatic outflow and thereby restrained systemic spread of inflammatory signals, but B cell-selective deletion of LTb did not exacerbate weight loss, despite eliminating TLS. Instead, weight loss driven by the cachectic cytokine TNF was exacerbated when LTa 3 , another ligand for TNF receptors, was selectively neutralized. Thus, B cells' multi-faceted impact on ileitis includes generating secretory IgA, expressing LTa 1 b 2 to drive formation of TLS, and producing LTa 3 for protecting against weight loss in the presence of TNF.
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Griffith S, Muir L, Suchanek O, Hope J, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Tuong ZK, Fung A, Touizer E, Rees-Spear C, Nans A, Roustan C, Alguel Y, Fink D, Orkin C, Deayton J, Anderson J, Gupta RK, Doores KJ, Cherepanov P, McKnight Á, Clatworthy M, McCoy LE. Preservation of memory B cell homeostasis in an individual producing broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578789. [PMID: 38370662 PMCID: PMC10871235 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Immunological determinants favouring emergence of broadly neutralising antibodies are crucial to the development of HIV-1 vaccination strategies. Here, we combined RNAseq and B cell cloning approaches to isolate a broadly neutralising antibody (bnAb) ELC07 from an individual living with untreated HIV-1. Using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that the antibody recognises a conformational epitope at the gp120-gp41 interface. ELC07 binds the closed state of the viral glycoprotein causing considerable perturbations to the gp41 trimer core structure. Phenotypic analysis of memory B cell subsets from the ELC07 bnAb donor revealed a lack of expected HIV-1-associated dysfunction, specifically no increase in CD21-/CD27- cells was observed whilst the resting memory (CD21+/CD27+) population appeared preserved despite uncontrolled HIV-1 viraemia. Moreover, single cell transcriptomes of memory B cells from this bnAb donor showed a resting memory phenotype irrespective of the epitope they targeted or their ability to neutralise diverse strains of HIV-1. Strikingly, single memory B cells from the ELC07 bnAb donor were transcriptionally similar to memory B cells from HIV-negative individuals. Our results demonstrate that potent bnAbs can arise without the HIV-1-induced dysregulation of the memory B cell compartment and suggest that sufficient levels of antigenic stimulation with a strategically designed immunogen could be effective in HIV-negative vaccine recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Griffith
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Muir
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Audrey Fung
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Touizer
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chloe Roustan
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Douglas Fink
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Orkin
- SHARE collaborative, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jane Deayton
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Jane Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St-Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Menna Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Park JI, Cho SW, Kang JH, Park TE. Intestinal Peyer's Patches: Structure, Function, and In Vitro Modeling. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:341-353. [PMID: 37079198 PMCID: PMC10117255 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND Considering the important role of the Peyer's patches (PPs) in gut immune balance, understanding of the detailed mechanisms that control and regulate the antigens in PPs can facilitate the development of immune therapeutic strategies against the gut inflammatory diseases. METHODS In this review, we summarize the unique structure and function of intestinal PPs and current technologies to establish in vitro intestinal PP system focusing on M cell within the follicle-associated epithelium and IgA+ B cell models for studying mucosal immune networks. Furthermore, multidisciplinary approaches to establish more physiologically relevant PP model were proposed. RESULTS PPs are surrounded by follicle-associated epithelium containing microfold (M) cells, which serve as special gateways for luminal antigen transport across the gut epithelium. The transported antigens are processed by immune cells within PPs and then, antigen-specific mucosal immune response or mucosal tolerance is initiated, depending on the response of underlying mucosal immune cells. So far, there is no high fidelity (patho)physiological model of PPs; however, there have been several efforts to recapitulate the key steps of mucosal immunity in PPs such as antigen transport through M cells and mucosal IgA responses. CONCLUSION Current in vitro PP models are not sufficient to recapitulate how mucosal immune system works in PPs. Advanced three-dimensional cell culture technologies would enable to recapitulate the function of PPs, and bridge the gap between animal models and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung In Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Woo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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9
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Lim VY, Feng X, Miao R, Zehentmeier S, Ewing-Crystal N, Lee M, Tumanov AV, Oh JE, Iwasaki A, Wang A, Choi J, Pereira JP. Mature B cells and mesenchymal stem cells control emergency myelopoiesis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301924. [PMID: 36717247 PMCID: PMC9889502 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation halts lymphopoiesis and prioritizes myeloid cell production. How blood cell production switches from homeostasis to emergency myelopoiesis is incompletely understood. Here, we show that lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling in combination with TNF and IL-1 receptor signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) down-regulates Il7 expression to shut down lymphopoiesis during systemic inflammation. LTβR signaling in MSCs also promoted CCL2 production during systemic inflammation. Pharmacological or genetic blocking of LTβR signaling in MSCs partially enabled lymphopoiesis and reduced monocyte numbers in the spleen during systemic inflammation, which correlated with reduced survival during systemic bacterial and viral infections. Interestingly, lymphotoxin-α1β2 delivered by B-lineage cells, and specifically by mature B cells, contributed to promote Il7 down-regulation and reduce MSC lymphopoietic activity. Our studies revealed an unexpected role of LTβR signaling in MSCs and identified recirculating mature B cells as an important regulator of emergency myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan Ewing-Crystal
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moonyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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10
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Feng X, Sun R, Lee M, Chen X, Guo S, Geng H, Müschen M, Choi J, Pereira JP. Cell circuits between leukemic cells and mesenchymal stem cells block lymphopoiesis by activating lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling. eLife 2023; 12:e83533. [PMID: 36912771 PMCID: PMC10042536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias (ALL and AML) have been known to modify the bone marrow microenvironment and disrupt non-malignant hematopoiesis. However, the molecular mechanisms driving these alterations remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of ALL and AML, here we show that leukemic cells turn off lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis shortly after colonizing the bone marrow. ALL and AML cells express lymphotoxin α1β2 and activate lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which turns off IL7 production and prevents non-malignant lymphopoiesis. We show that the DNA damage response pathway and CXCR4 signaling promote lymphotoxin α1β2 expression in leukemic cells. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of LTβR signaling in MSCs restores lymphopoiesis but not erythropoiesis, reduces leukemic cell growth, and significantly extends the survival of transplant recipients. Similarly, CXCR4 blocking also prevents leukemia-induced IL7 downregulation and inhibits leukemia growth. These studies demonstrate that acute leukemias exploit physiological mechanisms governing hematopoietic output as a strategy for gaining competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Ruifeng Sun
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Moonyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Marcus Müschen
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Joao Pedro Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
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11
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CD169 + Macrophages in Primary Breast Tumors Associate with Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, T regs and a Worse Prognosis for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041262. [PMID: 36831605 PMCID: PMC9954705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD169+ macrophages in the draining lymph nodes of cancer patients is, for unknown reasons, associated with a beneficial prognosis. We here investigated the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD169+ macrophages in primary tumors (PTs) and their spatial relation to tumor-infiltrating B and T cells. Using two breast cancer patient cohorts, we show that CD169+ macrophages were spatially associated with the presence of B and T cell tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLLSs) in both PTs and lymph node metastases (LNMs). While co-infiltration of CD169+/TLLS in PTs correlated with a worse prognosis, the opposite was found when present in LNMs. RNA sequencing of breast tumors further confirmed that SIGLEC1 (CD169) expression was associated with mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), and Treg and Breg signatures. We propose that the negative prognostic value related to CD169+ macrophages in PTs is a consequence of an immunosuppressive tumor environment rich in TLSs, Tregs and Bregs.
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12
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Zehentmeier S, Lim VY, Ma Y, Fossati J, Ito T, Jiang Y, Tumanov AV, Lee HJ, Dillinger L, Kim J, Csomos K, Walter JE, Choi J, Pereira JP. Dysregulated stem cell niches and altered lymphocyte recirculation cause B and T cell lymphopenia in WHIM syndrome. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo3170. [PMID: 36149943 PMCID: PMC9614684 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CXCR4 cause WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome, characterized by infections, leukocyte retention in bone marrow (BM), and blood leukopenias. B lymphopenia is evident at early progenitor stages, yet why do CXCR4 GOF mutations that cause B (and T) lymphopenia remain obscure? Using a CXCR4 R334X GOF mouse model of WHIM syndrome, we showed that lymphopoiesis is reduced because of a dysregulated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transcriptome characterized by a switch from an adipogenic to an osteolineage-prone program with limited lymphopoietic activity. We identify lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) as a critical pathway promoting interleukin-7 (IL-7) down-regulation in MSCs. Blocking LTβR or CXCR4 signaling restored IL-7 production and B cell development in WHIM mice. LTβR blocking also increased production of IL-7 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), increasing B and T cell numbers in the periphery. These studies revealed that LTβR signaling in BM MSCs and SLO stromal cells limits the lymphocyte compartment size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Fossati
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yawen Jiang
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lukas Dillinger
- X4 Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- X4 Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vienna, Austria
| | - Jihyun Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Krisztian Csomos
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Division Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Wilhelmson AS, Johansson I, Fogelstrand L, Fagman JB, Arnal JF, Karlsson MCI, Tivesten Å. Deficiency of mature B cells does not alter the atherogenic response to castration in male mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12931. [PMID: 35902665 PMCID: PMC9334632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in men is associated with increased atherosclerosis burden and increased cardiovascular risk. In male mice, testosterone deficiency induced by castration increases atherosclerosis as well as mature B cell numbers in spleen. As B cells are potentially pro-atherogenic, we hypothesized that there may be a link between these effects. To address whether mature B cell deficiency alter the atherogenic response to castration, we studied B cell-deficient μMT and genotype control male mice on an atherosclerosis-prone Apoe-/- background that were castrated or sham-operated pre-pubertally and fed a high-fat diet between 8 and 16 weeks of age to accelerate atherosclerosis development. Genotype did not affect the effects of castration on body weight or weights of fat depots and there were no differences in serum cholesterol levels across the four groups. Atherosclerosis assessed by quantification of lesion area in serial sections of the aortic root was significantly increased by castration and by the μMT mutation, with no significant interaction between genotype and surgery. In conclusion, castration evokes a similar atherogenic response in B cell-deficient μMT and control mice. These data suggest that atherogenesis following castration is unrelated to the effects of androgens on mature B cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bourghardt Fagman
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Francois Arnal
- I2MC, Inserm U1048, CHU de Toulouse and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Meednu N, Rangel-Moreno J, Zhang F, Escalera-Rivera K, Corsiero E, Prediletto E, DiCarlo E, Goodman S, Donlin LT, Raychauduri S, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Orange DE, McDavid A, Anolik JH. Dynamic spectrum of ectopic lymphoid B cell activation and hypermutation in the RA synovium characterized by NR4A nuclear receptor expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110766. [PMID: 35508128 PMCID: PMC9234997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) can develop in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, but the precise pathways of B cell activation and selection are not well understood. Here, we identify a synovial B cell population characterized by co-expression of a family of orphan nuclear receptors (NR4A1-3), which is highly enriched in RA synovial tissue. A transcriptomic profile of NR4A synovial B cells significantly overlaps with germinal center light zone B cells and an accrual of somatic hypermutation that correlates with loss of naive B cell state. NR4A B cells co-express lymphotoxins α and β and IL-6, supporting functions in ELS promotion. Expanded and shared clones between synovial NR4A B cells and plasma cells and the rapid upregulation with BCR stimulation point to in situ differentiation. Together, we identify a dynamic progression of B cell activation in RA synovial ELS, with NR4A transcription factors having an important role in local adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Meednu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Escalera-Rivera
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Corsiero
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Prediletto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Edward DiCarlo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soumya Raychauduri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Dana E Orange
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Andrew McDavid
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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15
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Humoral immunity in hepatitis B virus infection: Rehabilitating the B in HBV. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100398. [PMID: 35059620 PMCID: PMC8760517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insights into the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infections are fundamental in the quest for novel treatment approaches aimed at a functional cure. While much is known about the ineffective HBV-specific T-cell responses that characterise persistent HBV replication, B cells have been left largely understudied. However, an important role for humoral immunity during the natural history of HBV infections, as well as after functional cure, has been inadvertently revealed by the occurrence of HBV flares following B cell-depleting treatments. Herein, we review our current understanding of the role of the humoral immune response in chronic HBV, both at the level of HBV-specific antibody production and at the phenotypic and broader functional level of B cells. The recent development of fluorescently labelled HBV proteins has given us unprecedented insights into the phenotype and function of HBsAg- and HBcAg-specific B cells. This should fuel novel research into the mechanisms behind dysfunctional HBsAg-specific and fluctuating, possibly pathogenic, HBcAg-specific B-cell responses in chronic HBV. Finally, novel immunomodulatory treatments that partly target B cells are currently in clinical development, but a detailed assessment of their impact on HBV-specific B-cell responses is lacking. We plead for a rehabilitation of B-cell studies related to both the natural history of HBV and treatment development programmes.
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16
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Pagliarulo F, Cheng PF, Brugger L, van Dijk N, van den Heijden M, Levesque MP, Silina K, van den Broek M. Molecular, Immunological, and Clinical Features Associated With Lymphoid Neogenesis in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:793992. [PMID: 35145509 PMCID: PMC8821902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid neogenesis gives rise to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the periphery of multiple cancer types including muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) where it has positive prognostic and predictive associations. Here, we explored molecular, clinical, and histological data of The Cancer Genome Atlas, as well as the IMvigor210 dataset to study factors associated with TLS development and function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of MIBC. We also analyzed tumor immune composition including TLS in an independent, retrospective MIBC cohort. We found that the combination of TLS density and tumor mutational burden provides a novel independent prognostic biomarker in MIBC. Gene expression profiles obtained from intratumoral regions that rarely contain TLS in MIBC showed poor correlation with the prognostic TLS density measured in tumor periphery. Tumors with high TLS density showed increased gene signatures as well as infiltration of activated lymphocytes. Intratumoral B-cell and CD8+ T-cell co-infiltration was frequent in TLS-high samples, and such regions harbored the highest proportion of PD-1+TCF1+ progenitor-like T cells, naïve T cells, and activated B cells when compared to regions predominantly infiltrated by either B cells or CD8+ T cells alone. We found four TLS maturation subtypes; however, differences in TLS composition appeared to be dictated by the TME and not by the TLS maturation status. Finally, we identified one downregulated and three upregulated non-immune cell-related genes in TME with high TLS density, which may represent candidates for tumor-intrinsic regulation of lymphoid neogenesis. Our study provides novel insights into TLS-associated gene expression and immune contexture of MIBC and indicates towards the relevance of B-cell and CD8+ T-cell interactions in anti-tumor immunity within and outside TLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pagliarulo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F. Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurin Brugger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick van Dijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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CD169 + macrophages in lymph node and spleen critically depend on dual RANK and LTbetaR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108540119. [PMID: 35031565 PMCID: PMC8784161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108540119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD169+ macrophages that play an important role in the fight against infections and cancer are receptive to environmental signals for their differentiation. We show that lymph node and splenic CD169+ macrophages require both LTβR and RANK signaling since the conditional deficiency of either receptor results in their disappearance. Using a reporter mouse, we observe RANKL expression by a splenic mesenchymal cell subset and show that it participates in CD169+ macrophage differentiation. Their absence leads to a reduced viral capture and a greatly attenuated virus-specific CD8+ T cell expansion. Thus, tight control mechanisms operate for the precise positioning of these macrophages at sites where numerous immune-stimulatory forces converge. CD169+ macrophages reside in lymph node (LN) and spleen and play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens. As resident macrophages, they are responsive to environmental cues to shape their tissue-specific identity. We have previously shown that LN CD169+ macrophages require RANKL for formation of their niche and their differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that they are also dependent on direct lymphotoxin beta (LTβ) receptor (R) signaling. In the absence or the reduced expression of either RANK or LTβR, their differentiation is perturbed, generating myeloid cells expressing SIGN-R1 in LNs. Conditions of combined haploinsufficiencies of RANK and LTβR revealed that both receptors contribute equally to LN CD169+ macrophage differentiation. In the spleen, the Cd169-directed ablation of either receptor results in a selective loss of marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). Using a RANKL reporter mouse, we identify splenic marginal zone stromal cells as a source of RANKL and demonstrate that it participates in MMM differentiation. The loss of MMMs had no effect on the splenic B cell compartments but compromised viral capture and the expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Taken together, the data provide evidence that CD169+ macrophage differentiation in LN and spleen requires dual signals from LTβR and RANK with implications for the immune response.
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18
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Shi Y. PLAN B for immunotherapy: Promoting and leveraging anti-tumor B cell immunity. J Control Release 2021; 339:156-163. [PMID: 34563591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current immuno-oncology primarily focuses on adaptive cellular immunity mediated by T lymphocytes. The other important lymphocytes, B cells, are largely ignored in cancer immunotherapy. B cells are generally considered to be responsible for humoral immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The role of B cells in cancer immunity has long been under debate. Recently, increasing evidence from both preclinical and clinical research has shown that B cells can also induce potent anti-cancer immunity, via humoral and cellular immune responses. Yet it is unclear how to efficiently integrate B cell immunity in cancer immunotherapy. In the current perspective, anti-tumor immunity of B cells is discussed regarding antibody production, antigen presentation, cytokine release and contribution to intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Afterwards, immunosuppressive regulatory phenotypes of B cells are summarized. Furthermore, strategies to activate and modulate B cells using nanomedicines and biomaterials are discussed. This article provides a unique perspective on "PLAN B" (promoting and leveraging anti-tumor B cell immunity) using nanomedicines and biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. This is envisaged to form a new research direction with the potential to reach the next breakthrough in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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19
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Wang X, Brown NK, Wang B, Shariati K, Wang K, Fuchs S, Melero‐Martin JM, Ma M. Local Immunomodulatory Strategies to Prevent Allo-Rejection in Transplantation of Insulin-Producing Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003708. [PMID: 34258870 PMCID: PMC8425879 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has shown promise as a curative therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the side effects of systemic immunosuppression and limited long-term viability of engrafted islets, together with the scarcity of donor organs, highlight an urgent need for the development of new, improved, and safer cell-replacement strategies. Induction of local immunotolerance to prevent allo-rejection against islets and stem cell derived β cells has the potential to improve graft function and broaden the applicability of cellular therapy while minimizing adverse effects of systemic immunosuppression. In this mini review, recent developments in non-encapsulation, local immunomodulatory approaches for T1D cell replacement therapies, including islet/β cell modification, immunomodulatory biomaterial platforms, and co-transplantation of immunomodulatory cells are discussed. Key advantages and remaining challenges in translating such technologies to clinical settings are identified. Although many of the studies discussed are preliminary, the growing interest in the field has led to the exploration of new combinatorial strategies involving cellular engineering, immunotherapy, and novel biomaterials. Such interdisciplinary research will undoubtedly accelerate the development of therapies that can benefit the whole T1D population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Natalie K. Brown
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Stephanie Fuchs
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Juan M. Melero‐Martin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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20
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Zhan J, Kipp M, Han W, Kaddatz H. Ectopic lymphoid follicles in progressive multiple sclerosis: From patients to animal models. Immunology 2021; 164:450-466. [PMID: 34293193 PMCID: PMC8517596 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid follicles (ELFs), resembling germinal centre‐like structures, emerge in a variety of infectious and autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. ELFs can be found in the meninges of around 40% of the investigated progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) post‐mortem brain tissues and are associated with the severity of cortical degeneration and clinical disease progression. Of predominant importance for progressive neuronal damage during the progressive MS phase appears to be meningeal inflammation, comprising diffuse meningeal infiltrates, B‐cell aggregates and compartmentalized ELFs. However, the absence of a uniform definition of ELFs impedes reproducible and comparable neuropathological research in this field. In this review article, we will first highlight historical aspects and milestones around the discovery of ELFs in the meninges of progressive MS patients. In the next step, we discuss how animal models may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying ELF formation. Finally, we summarize challenges in investigating ELFs and propose potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Zhan
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Cente, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Shou Y, Koroleva E, Spencer CM, Shein SA, Korchagina AA, Yusoof KA, Parthasarathy R, Leadbetter EA, Akopian AN, Muñoz AR, Tumanov AV. Redefining the Role of Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor in the Maintenance of Lymphoid Organs and Immune Cell Homeostasis in Adulthood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712632. [PMID: 34335629 PMCID: PMC8320848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) is a promising therapeutic target in autoimmune and infectious diseases as well as cancer. Mice with genetic inactivation of LTβR display multiple defects in development and organization of lymphoid organs, mucosal immune responses, IgA production and an autoimmune phenotype. As these defects are imprinted in embryogenesis and neonate stages, the impact of LTβR signaling in adulthood remains unclear. Here, to overcome developmental defects, we generated mice with inducible ubiquitous genetic inactivation of LTβR in adult mice (iLTβRΔ/Δ mice) and redefined the role of LTβR signaling in organization of lymphoid organs, immune response to mucosal bacterial pathogen, IgA production and autoimmunity. In spleen, postnatal LTβR signaling is required for development of B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), recruitment of neutrophils and maintenance of the marginal zone. Lymph nodes of iLTβRΔ/Δ mice were reduced in size, lacked FDCs, and had disorganized subcapsular sinus macrophages. Peyer`s patches were smaller in size and numbers, and displayed reduced FDCs. The number of isolated lymphoid follicles in small intestine and colon were also reduced. In contrast to LTβR-/- mice, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice displayed normal thymus structure and did not develop signs of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity. Further, our results suggest that LTβR signaling in adulthood is required for homeostasis of neutrophils, NK, and iNKT cells, but is dispensable for the maintenance of polyclonal IgA production. However, iLTβRΔ/Δ mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to C. rodentium infection and failed to develop pathogen-specific IgA responses. Collectively, our study uncovers new insights of LTβR signaling in adulthood for the maintenance of lymphoid organs, neutrophils, NK and iNKT cells, and IgA production in response to mucosal bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kizil A. Yusoof
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Amanda R. Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexei V. Tumanov,
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22
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Lütge M, Pikor NB, Ludewig B. Differentiation and activation of fibroblastic reticular cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:32-46. [PMID: 34046914 PMCID: PMC8361914 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are underpinned by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) that form dedicated microenvironmental niches to secure induction and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Distinct FRC subsets are strategically positioned in SLOs to provide niche factors and govern efficient immune cell interaction. In recent years, the use of specialized mouse models in combination with single-cell transcriptomics has facilitated the elaboration of the molecular FRC landscape at an unprecedented resolution. While single-cell RNA-sequencing has advanced the resolution of FRC subset characterization and function, the high dimensionality of the generated data necessitates careful analysis and validation. Here, we reviewed novel findings from high-resolution transcriptomic analyses that refine our understanding of FRC differentiation and activation processes in the context of infection and inflammation. We further discuss concepts, strategies, and limitations for the analysis of single-cell transcriptome data from FRCs and the wide-ranging implications for our understanding of stromal cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Vanderkerken M, Baptista AP, De Giovanni M, Fukuyama S, Browaeys R, Scott CL, Norris PS, Eberl G, Di Santo JP, Vivier E, Saeys Y, Hammad H, Cyster JG, Ware CF, Tumanov AV, De Trez C, Lambrecht BN. ILC3s control splenic cDC homeostasis via lymphotoxin signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20190835. [PMID: 33724364 PMCID: PMC7970251 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains a myriad of conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subsets that protect against systemic pathogen dissemination by bridging antigen detection to the induction of adaptive immunity. How cDC subsets differentiate in the splenic environment is poorly understood. Here, we report that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s, together with B cells, control the splenic cDC niche size and the terminal differentiation of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s, independently of the microbiota and of bone marrow pre-cDC output. Whereas the size of the splenic cDC niche depended on lymphotoxin signaling only during a restricted time frame, the homeostasis of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s required continuous lymphotoxin input. This latter property made Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s uniquely susceptible to pharmacological interventions with LTβR agonists and antagonists and to ILC reconstitution strategies. Together, our findings demonstrate that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s drive splenic cDC differentiation and highlight the critical role of ILC3s as perpetual regulators of lymphoid tissue homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphoid Tissue/cytology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio P. Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Browaeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L. Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paula S. Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d’Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Wang Z, Song J, Wang H, Li J, Xiao Q, Yu Z, Wang Z, Liu J, Pan L, Yao Y, Chen C, Lu X, Liu C, Gao P, Liu Z. Stromal cells and B cells orchestrate ectopic lymphoid tissue formation in nasal polyps. Allergy 2021; 76:1416-1431. [PMID: 33022771 DOI: 10.1111/all.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the importance of ectopic lymphoid tissues (eLTs) in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps (NPs) is increasingly appreciated, the mechanisms underlying their formation remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To study the role of interleukin (IL)-17A, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and lymphotoxin (LT) in eLT formation in NPs. METHODS The expression levels of CXCL13 and LT and their receptors, in addition to the phenotypes of stromal cells in NPs, were studied by flow cytometry, immunostaining, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Purified nasal stromal cells and B cells were cultured, and a murine model of nasal type 17 inflammation was established by intranasal curdlan challenge for the mechanistic study. RESULTS The excessive CXCL13 production in NPs correlated with enhanced IL-17A expression. Stromal cells, with CD31- Pdpn+ fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) expansion, were the major source of CXCL13 in NPs without eLTs. IL-17A induced FRC expansion and CXCL13 production in nasal stromal cells. In contrast, B cells were the main source of CXCL13 and LTα1 β2 in NPs with eLTs. CXCL13 upregulated LTα1 β2 expression on B cells, which in turn promoted CXCL13 production in nasal B cells and stromal cells. LTα1 β2 induced expansion of FRCs and CD31+ Pdpn+ lymphoid endothelial cells, which were the predominant stromal cell types in NPs with eLTs. IL-17A knockout and CXCL13 and LTβR blockage diminished nasal eLT formation in the murine model. CONCLUSION We identified an important role of IL-17A-induced stromal cell remodeling in the initiation and crosstalk between B and stromal cells via CXCL13 and LTα1 β2 in the enlargement of eLTs in NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe‐Zheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jing‐Xian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jin‐Xin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Cai‐Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology School of Basic Medicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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25
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Guendel F, Kofoed-Branzk M, Gronke K, Tizian C, Witkowski M, Cheng HW, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Durek P, Norris PS, Ware CF, Ruedl C, Herold S, Pfeffer K, Hehlgans T, Waisman A, Becher B, Giannou AD, Brachs S, Ebert K, Tanriver Y, Ludewig B, Mashreghi MF, Kruglov AA, Diefenbach A. Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Program a Distinct Subset of IL-22BP-Producing Dendritic Cells Demarcating Solitary Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues. Immunity 2021; 53:1015-1032.e8. [PMID: 33207209 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solitary intestinal lymphoid tissues such as cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) constitute steady-state activation hubs containing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) that continuously produce interleukin (IL)-22. The outer surface of CPs and ILFs is demarcated by a poorly characterized population of CD11c+ cells. Using genome-wide single-cell transcriptional profiling of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and multidimensional flow cytometry, we found that CP- and ILF-associated CD11c+ cells were a transcriptionally distinct subset of intestinal cDCs, which we term CIA-DCs. CIA-DCs required programming by CP- and ILF-resident CCR6+ ILC3 via lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling in cDCs. CIA-DCs differentially expressed genes associated with immunoregulation and were the major cellular source of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) at steady state. Mice lacking CIA-DC-derived IL-22BP exhibited diminished expression of epithelial lipid transporters, reduced lipid resorption, and changes in body fat homeostasis. Our findings provide insight into the design principles of an immunoregulatory checkpoint controlling nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Guendel
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula S Norris
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Ebert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- Microbiota and Chronic Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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B Cell Aberrance in Lupus: the Ringleader and the Solution. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:301-323. [PMID: 33534064 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease with high heterogeneity but the common characterization of numerous autoantibodies and systemic inflammation which lead to the damage of multiple organs. Aberrance of B cells plays a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of SLE via both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent manners. Escape of autoreactive B cells from the central and peripheral tolerance checkpoints, over-activation of B cells and their excessive cytokines release which drive T cells and dendritic cells stimulation, and dysregulated surface molecules, as well as intracellular signal pathways involved in B cell biology, are all contributing to B cell aberrance and participating in the pathogenesis of SLE. Based on that rationale, targeting aberrance of B cells and relevant molecules and pathways is expected to be a promising strategy for lupus control. Multiple approaches targeting B cells through different mechanisms have been attempted, including B-cell depletion via monoclonal antibodies against B-cell-specific molecules, blockade of B-cell survival and activation factors, suppressing T-B crosstalk by interrupting costimulatory molecules and inhibiting intracellular activation signaling cascade by targeting pathway molecules in B cells. Though most attempts ended in failure, the efficacy of B-cell targeting has been encouraged by the FDA approval of belimumab that blocks B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and the recommended use of anti-CD20 as a remedial therapy in refractory lupus. Still, quantities of clinical trials targeting B cells or relevant molecules are ongoing and some of them have displayed promising preliminary results. Additionally, advances in multi-omics studies help deepen our understandings of B cell biology in lupus and may promote the discovery of novel potential therapeutic targets. The combination of real-world data with basic research achievements may pave the road to conquering lupus.
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Kempski J, Giannou AD, Riecken K, Zhao L, Steglich B, Lücke J, Garcia-Perez L, Karstens KF, Wöstemeier A, Nawrocki M, Pelczar P, Witkowski M, Nilsson S, Konczalla L, Shiri AM, Kempska J, Wahib R, Brockmann L, Huber P, Gnirck AC, Turner JE, Zazara DE, Arck PC, Stein A, Simon R, Daubmann A, Meiners J, Perez D, Strowig T, Koni P, Kruglov AA, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Guse AH, Rösch T, Lohse AW, Flavell RA, Gagliani N, Huber S. IL22BP Mediates the Antitumor Effects of Lymphotoxin Against Colorectal Tumors in Mice and Humans. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1417-1430.e3. [PMID: 32585307 PMCID: PMC7607422 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Unregulated activity of interleukin (IL) 22 promotes intestinal tumorigenesis in mice. IL22 binds the antagonist IL22 subunit alpha 2 (IL22RA2, also called IL22BP). We studied whether alterations in IL22BP contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis in humans and mice. METHODS We obtained tumor and nontumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and measured levels of cytokines by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. We measured levels of Il22bp messenger RNA in colon tissues from wild-type, Tnf-/-, Lta-/-, and Ltb-/- mice. Mice were given azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis and associated cancer or intracecal injections of MC38 tumor cells. Some mice were given inhibitors of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTBR). Intestine tissues were analyzed by single-cell sequencing to identify cell sources of lymphotoxin. We performed immunohistochemistry analysis of colon tissue microarrays from patients with CRC (1475 tissue cores, contained tumor and nontumor tissues) and correlated levels of IL22BP with patient survival times. RESULTS Levels of IL22BP were decreased in human colorectal tumors, compared with nontumor tissues, and correlated with levels of lymphotoxin. LTBR signaling was required for expression of IL22BP in colon tissues of mice. Wild-type mice given LTBR inhibitors had an increased tumor burden in both models, but LTBR inhibitors did not increase tumor growth in Il22bp-/- mice. Lymphotoxin directly induced expression of IL22BP in cultured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via activation of nuclear factor κB. Reduced levels of IL22BP in colorectal tumor tissues were associated with shorter survival times of patients with CRC. CONCLUSIONS Lymphotoxin signaling regulates expression of IL22BP in colon; levels of IL22BP are reduced in human colorectal tumors, associated with shorter survival times. LTBR signaling regulates expression of IL22BP in colon tumors in mice and cultured human dendritic cells. Patients with colorectal tumors that express low levels of IL22BP might benefit from treatment with an IL22 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lilan Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Babett Steglich
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Frederick Karstens
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Wöstemeier
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Nawrocki
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope Pelczar
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsimmunologie, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Nilsson
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Kempska
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramez Wahib
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E. Zazara
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Meiners
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Andrey A. Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Marino J, Gonzalez-Nolasco B, Wang X, Orent W, Benichou G. Contrasting effects of B cell depletion on CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cell responses generated after transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2551-2558. [PMID: 32185859 PMCID: PMC7483880 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloreactive memory T cells play a key role in transplantation by accelerating allograft rejection and preventing tolerance induction. Some studies using µMT mice, which are constitutionally devoid of B cells, showed that B cells were required for the generation of memory T cells after allotransplantation. However, whether B cell depletion in normal adult mice has the same effect on memory responses by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated after transplantation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we tested the effect of anti-CD20 antibody-mediated B cell depletion on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell alloresponses after skin transplantation in wild-type mice. We found that B cell depletion prevented the development of memory alloresponses by CD4+ T cells but enhanced that of CD8+ memory T cells. Next, we tested the influence of B cell depletion on hematopoietic chimerism. In OT-II CD4+ anti-OVA TCR transgenic mice sensitized to ovalbumin antigen, B cell depletion also impaired allospecific memory T cell responses and thereby enhanced donor hematopoietic chimerism and T cell deletion after bone marrow transplantation. This study underscores the complexity of the relationships between B and T cells in the generation and reactivation of different memory T cell subsets after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Marino
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruno Gonzalez-Nolasco
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xianding Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Orent
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilles Benichou
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Alfituri OA, Bradford BM, Paxton E, Morrison LJ, Mabbott NA. Influence of the Draining Lymph Nodes and Organized Lymphoid Tissue Microarchitecture on Susceptibility to Intradermal Trypanosoma brucei Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1118. [PMID: 32582198 PMCID: PMC7283954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of the mammalian host with African trypanosomes begins when the tsetse fly vector injects the parasites into the skin dermis during blood feeding. After injection into the skin, trypanosomes first accumulate in the draining lymph node before disseminating systemically. Whether this early accumulation within the draining lymph node is important for the trypanosomes to establish infection was not known. Lymphotoxin-β-deficient mice (LTβ-/- mice) lack most secondary lymphoid tissues, but retain the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. These mice were used to test the hypothesis that the establishment of infection after intradermal (ID) T. brucei infection would be impeded in the absence of the skin draining lymph nodes. However, LTβ-/- mice revealed greater susceptibility to ID T. brucei infection than wild-type mice, indicating that the early accumulation of the trypanosomes in the draining lymph nodes was not essential to establish systemic infection. Although LTβ-/- mice were able to control the first parasitemia wave as effectively as wild-type mice, they were unable to control subsequent parasitemia waves. LTβ-/- mice also lack organized B cell follicles and germinal centers within their remaining secondary lymphoid tissues. As a consequence, LTβ-/- mice have impaired immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype class-switching responses. When the disturbed microarchitecture of the B cell follicles in the spleens of LTβ-/- mice was restored by reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow, their susceptibility to ID T. brucei infection was similar to that of wild-type control mice. This effect coincided with the ability to produce significant serum levels of Ig isotype class-switched parasite-specific antibodies. Thus, our data suggest that organized splenic microarchitecture and the production of parasite-specific Ig isotype class-switched antibodies are essential for the control of ID African trypanosome infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Alfituri
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barry M Bradford
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Paxton
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J Morrison
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Map3k14 as a Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response during Acute Viral Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020096. [PMID: 32033109 PMCID: PMC7168624 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication of virus in secondary lymphoid organs is crucial for the activation of antigen-presenting cells. Balanced viral replication ensures the sufficient availability of antigens and production of cytokines, and both of which are needed for virus-specific immune activation and viral elimination. Host factors that regulate coordinated viral replication are not fully understood. In the study reported here, we identified Map3k14 as an important regulator of enforced viral replication in the spleen while performing genome-wide association studies of various inbred mouse lines in a model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. When alymphoplasia mice (aly/aly, Map3k14aly/aly, or Nikaly/aly), which carry a mutation in Map3k14, were infected with LCMV or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), they display early reductions in early viral replication in the spleen, reduced innate and adaptive immune activation, and lack of viral control. Histologically, scant B cells and the lack of CD169+ macrophages correlated with reduced immune activation in Map3k14aly/aly mice. The transfer of wildtype B cells into Map3k14aly/aly mice repopulated CD169+ macrophages, restored enforced viral replication, and resulted in enhanced immune activation and faster viral control.
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31
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Transcription factor Tlx1 marks a subset of lymphoid tissue organizer-like mesenchymal progenitor cells in the neonatal spleen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20408. [PMID: 31892733 PMCID: PMC6938487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is comprised of spatially distinct compartments whose functions, such as immune responses and removal of aged red blood cells, are tightly controlled by the non-hematopoietic stromal cells that provide regionally-restricted signals to properly activate hematopoietic cells residing in each area. However, information regarding the ontogeny and relationships of the different stromal cell types remains limited. Here we have used in vivo lineage tracing analysis and in vitro mesenchymal stromal cell assays and found that Tlx1, a transcription factor essential for embryonic spleen organogenesis, marks neonatal stromal cells that are selectively localized in the spleen and retain mesenchymal progenitor potential to differentiate into mature follicular dendritic cells, fibroblastic reticular cells and marginal reticular cells. Furthermore, by establishing a novel three-dimensional cell culture system that enables maintenance of Tlx1-expressing cells in vitro, we discovered that signals from the lymphotoxin β receptor and TNF receptor promote differentiation of these cells to express MAdCAM-1, CCL19 and CXCL13, representative functional molecules expressed by different subsets of mature stromal cells in the spleen. Taken together, these findings indicate that mesenchymal progenitor cells expressing Tlx1 are a subset of lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells selectively found in the neonatal spleen.
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32
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Behnke K, Zhuang Y, Xu HC, Sundaram B, Reich M, Shinde PV, Huang J, Modares NF, Tumanov AV, Polz R, Scheller J, Ware CF, Pfeffer K, Keitel V, Häussinger D, Pandyra AA, Lang KS, Lang PA. B Cell-Mediated Maintenance of Cluster of Differentiation 169-Positive Cells Is Critical for Liver Regeneration. Hepatology 2018; 68:2348-2361. [PMID: 29742809 PMCID: PMC6587814 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver has an extraordinary capacity to regenerate through activation of key molecular pathways. However, central regulators controlling liver regeneration remain insufficiently studied. Here, we show that B cell-deficient animals failed to induce sufficient liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Consistently, adoptive transfer of B cells could rescue defective liver regeneration. B cell-mediated lymphotoxin beta production promoted recovery from PHx. Absence of B cells coincided with loss of splenic cluster of differentiation 169-positive (CD169+ ) macrophages. Moreover, depletion of CD169+ cells resulted in defective liver regeneration and decreased survival, which was associated with reduced hepatocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, CD169+ cells contributed to liver regeneration by inducing hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. Accordingly, treatment of CD169+ cell-depleted animals with IL-6/IL-6 receptor rescued liver regeneration and severe pathology following PHx. Conclusion: We identified CD169+ cells to be a central trigger for liver regeneration, by inducing key signaling pathways important for liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty
| | - Haifeng C. Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty
| | | | - Maria Reich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty
| | - Nastaran Fazel Modares
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTX
| | - Robin Polz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneUniversity Hospital, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases and
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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33
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Nayar S, Campos J, Smith CG, Iannizzotto V, Gardner DH, Colafrancesco S, Pipi E, Kollert F, Hunter KJ, Brewer C, Buckley CD, Bowman SJ, Priori R, Valesini G, Juarez M, Fahy WA, Fisher BA, Payne A, Allen RA, Barone F. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta pathway: a novel therapeutic target for Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:249-260. [PMID: 30472652 PMCID: PMC6352416 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta isoform (PI3Kδ) belongs to an intracellular lipid kinase family that regulate lymphocyte metabolism, survival, proliferation, apoptosis and migration and has been successfully targeted in B-cell malignancies. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterised by exocrine gland lymphocytic infiltration and B-cell hyperactivation which results in systemic manifestations, autoantibody production and loss of glandular function. Given the central role of B cells in pSS pathogenesis, we investigated PI3Kδ pathway activation in pSS and the functional consequences of blocking PI3Kδ in a murine model of focal sialoadenitis that mimics some features of pSS. Methods and results Target validation assays showed significant expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), a downstream mediator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) pathway, within pSS salivary glands. pS6 distribution was found to co-localise with T/B cell markers within pSS aggregates and the CD138+ plasma cells infiltrating the glands. In vivo blockade of PI3Kδ activity with seletalisib, a PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor, in a murine model of focal sialoadenitis decreased accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells within the glands of treated mice in the prophylactic and therapeutic regimes. Additionally, production of lymphoid chemokines and cytokines associated with ectopic lymphoneogenesis and, remarkably, saliva flow and autoantibody production, were significantly affected by treatment with seletalisib. Conclusion These data demonstrate activation of PI3Kδ pathway within the glands of patients with pSS and its contribution to disease pathogenesis in a model of disease, supporting the exploration of the therapeutic potential of PI3Kδ pathway inhibition in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Nayar
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Charlotte G Smith
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Valentina Iannizzotto
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David H Gardner
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Serena Colafrancesco
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita' Mediche, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pipi
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Florian Kollert
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kelly J Hunter
- Immunology, HBRC, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Christopher Dominic Buckley
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberta Priori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita' Mediche, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita' Mediche, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Benjamin A Fisher
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Francesca Barone
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK .,Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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34
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Bednarek J, Traxinger B, Brigham D, Roach J, Orlicky D, Wang D, Pelanda R, Mack CL. Cytokine-Producing B Cells Promote Immune-Mediated Bile Duct Injury in Murine Biliary Atresia. Hepatology 2018; 68:1890-1904. [PMID: 29679373 PMCID: PMC6195851 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal T cell-mediated, inflammatory, sclerosing cholangiopathy. In the rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced neonatal mouse model of BA (murine BA), mice lacking B cells do not develop BA, and the lack of B cells is associated with loss of T-cell and macrophage activation. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of B cell-mediated immune activation (antigen presentation versus cytokine production) in murine BA. Normal neonatal B cells in the liver are predominantly at pro-B and pre-B cellular development. However, BA mice exhibit a significant increase in the number and activation status of mature liver B cells. Adoptively transferred B cells into RRV-infected, B cell-deficient mice were able to reinstate T-cell and macrophage infiltration and biliary injury. Nonetheless, neonatal liver B cells were incompetent at antigen presentation to T cells. Moreover, 3-83 immunoglobulin transgenic mice, in which B cells only present an irrelevant antigen, developed BA, indicating a B-cell antigen-independent mechanism. B cells from BA mice produced a variety of innate and adaptive immune cytokines associated with immune activation. In vitro trans-well studies revealed that BA B cells secreted cytokines that activated T cells based on increased expression of T-cell activation marker cluster of differentiation 69. Conclusion: Neonatal liver B cells are highly activated in murine BA and contribute to immune activation through production of numerous cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity; this work provides increased knowledge on the capacity of neonatal B cells to contribute to an inflammatory disease through cytokine-mediated mechanisms, and future studies should focus on targeting B cells as a therapeutic intervention in human BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bednarek
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Brianna Traxinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Dania Brigham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jonathan Roach
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - David Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Cara L. Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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35
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Takeuchi A, Ozawa M, Kanda Y, Kozai M, Ohigashi I, Kurosawa Y, Rahman MA, Kawamura T, Shichida Y, Umemoto E, Miyasaka M, Ludewig B, Takahama Y, Nagasawa T, Katakai T. A Distinct Subset of Fibroblastic Stromal Cells Constitutes the Cortex-Medulla Boundary Subcompartment of the Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2196. [PMID: 30333825 PMCID: PMC6176096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of immune responses in the lymph node (LN) depends on its sophisticated tissue architecture, consisting of several subcompartments supported by distinct fibroblastic stromal cells (FSCs). However, the intricate details of stromal structures and associated FSC subsets are not fully understood. Using several gene reporter mice, we sought to discover unrecognized stromal structures and FSCs in the LN. The four previously identified FSC subsets in the cortex are clearly distinguished by the expression pattern of reporters including PDGFRβ, CCL21-ser, and CXCL12. Herein, we identified a unique FSC subset expressing both CCL21-ser and CXCL12 in the deep cortex periphery (DCP) that is characterized by preferential B cell localization. This subset was clearly different from CXCL12highLepRhigh FSCs in the medullary cord, which harbors plasma cells. B cell localization in the DCP was controlled chiefly by CCL21-ser and, to a lesser extent, CXCL12. Moreover, the optimal development of the DCP as well as medulla requires B cells. Together, our findings suggest the presence of a unique microenvironment in the cortex-medulla boundary and offer an advanced view of the multi-layered stromal framework constructed by distinct FSC subsets in the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mina Kozai
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurosawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Md Azizur Rahman
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kawamura
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuto Shichida
- School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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36
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Farhat K, Bodart G, Charlet-Renard C, Desmet CJ, Moutschen M, Beguin Y, Baron F, Melin P, Quatresooz P, Parent AS, Desmecht D, Sirard JC, Salvatori R, Martens H, Geenen VG. Growth Hormone (GH) Deficient Mice With GHRH Gene Ablation Are Severely Deficient in Vaccine and Immune Responses Against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2175. [PMID: 30333823 PMCID: PMC6176084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise impact of the somatotrope axis upon the immune system is still highly debated. We have previously shown that mice with generalized ablation of growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone (GHRH) gene (Ghrh−/−) have normal thymus and T-cell development, but present a marked spleen atrophy and B-cell lymphopenia. Therefore, in this paper we have investigated vaccinal and anti-infectious responses of Ghrh−/− mice against S. pneumoniae, a pathogen carrying T-independent antigens. Ghrh−/− mice were unable to trigger production of specific IgM after vaccination with either native pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS, PPV23) or protein-PPS conjugate (PCV13). GH supplementation of Ghrh−/− mice restored IgM response to PPV23 vaccine but not to PCV13 suggesting that GH could exert a specific impact on the spleen marginal zone that is strongly implicated in T-independent response against pneumococcal polysaccharides. As expected, after administration of low dose of S. pneumoniae, wild type (WT) completely cleared bacteria after 24 h. In marked contrast, Ghrh−/− mice exhibited a dramatic susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection with a time-dependent increase in lung bacterial load and a lethal bacteraemia already after 24 h. Lungs of infected Ghrh−/− mice were massively infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, while lung B cells were markedly decreased. The inflammatory transcripts signature was significantly elevated in Ghrh−/− mice. In this animal model, the somatotrope GHRH/GH/IGF1 axis plays a vital and unsuspected role in vaccine and immunological defense against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Farhat
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gwennaëlle Bodart
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe J Desmet
- GIGA-I3 Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- GIGA-I3 Infectious diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- GIGA-I3 Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pierrette Melin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent G Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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37
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Schaeuble K, Britschgi MR, Scarpellino L, Favre S, Xu Y, Koroleva E, Lissandrin TKA, Link A, Matloubian M, Ware CF, Nedospasov SA, Tumanov AV, Cyster JG, Luther SA. Perivascular Fibroblasts of the Developing Spleen Act as LTα1β2-Dependent Precursors of Both T and B Zone Organizer Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2500-2514. [PMID: 29186687 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T and B cell compartmentalization is a hallmark of secondary lymphoid organs and is maintained by chemokine-expressing stromal cells. How this stromal cell network initially develops and differentiates into two distinct subsets is poorly known, especially for the splenic white pulp (WP). Here, we show that perivascular fibroblast precursors are triggered by LTα1β2 signals to expand, express CCL19/21, and then differentiate into two functionally distinct fibroblast subsets responsible for B and T cell clustering and WP compartmentalization. Failure to express or sense CCL19 leads to impaired T zone development, while lack of B cells or LTα1β2 leads to an earlier and stronger impairment in WP development. We therefore propose that WP development proceeds in multiple steps, with LTα1β2+ B cells acting as major inducer cells driving the expansion and gradual differentiation of perivascular fibroblasts into T and B zone organizer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schaeuble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Britschgi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Leo Scarpellino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Alexander Link
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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38
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Zhang Y, Kim TJ, Wroblewska JA, Tesic V, Upadhyay V, Weichselbaum RR, Tumanov AV, Tang H, Guo X, Tang H, Fu YX. Type 3 innate lymphoid cell-derived lymphotoxin prevents microbiota-dependent inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:697-709. [PMID: 28579615 PMCID: PMC6123485 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenomegaly is a well-known phenomenon typically associated with inflammation. However, the underlying cause of this phenotype has not been well characterized. Furthermore, the splenomegaly phenotype seen in lymphotoxin (LT) signaling-deficient mice is characterized by increased numbers of splenocytes and splenic neutrophils. Splenomegaly, as well as the related phenotype of increased lymphocyte counts in non-lymphoid tissues, is thought to result from the absence of secondary lymphoid tissues in LT-deficient mice. We now present evidence that mice deficient in LTα1β2 or LTβR develop splenomegaly and increased numbers of lymphocytes in non-lymphoid tissues in a microbiota-dependent manner. Antibiotic administration to LTα1β2- or LTβR-deficient mice reduces splenomegaly. Furthermore, re-derived germ-free Ltbr-/- mice do not exhibit splenomegaly or increased inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues compared to specific pathogen-free Ltbr-/- mice. By using various LTβ- and LTβR-conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γT-positive type 3 innate lymphoid cells provide the required active LT signaling to prevent the development of splenomegaly. Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of LT-mediated immune responses for the prevention of splenomegaly and systemic inflammation induced by microbiota.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer/genetics
- Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 02841, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joanna A Wroblewska
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vera Tesic
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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39
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Golub R, Tan J, Watanabe T, Brendolan A. Origin and Immunological Functions of Spleen Stromal Cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:503-514. [PMID: 29567327 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian spleen is a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays a central role in host defense. Consequently, the lack of spleen is often associated with immunodeficiency and increased risk of overwhelming infections. Growing evidence suggests that non-hematopoietic stromal cells are central players in spleen development, organization, and immune functions. In addition to its immunological role, the spleen also provides a site for extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in response to injuries. A deeper understanding of the biology of stromal cells is therefore essential to fully comprehend how these cells modulate the immune system during normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review the specificities of the different mouse spleen stromal cell subsets and complement the murine studies with human data when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golub
- Unit for Lymphopoiesis, Immunology Department, INSERM U1223, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Jonathan Tan
- Clem Jones Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrea Brendolan
- Unit of Lymphoid Organ Development, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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40
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Pepe G, Di Napoli A, Cippitelli C, Scarpino S, Pilozzi E, Ruco L. Reduced lymphotoxin-beta production by tumour cells is associated with loss of follicular dendritic cell phenotype and diffuse growth in follicular lymphoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 4:124-134. [PMID: 29665320 PMCID: PMC5903694 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine production is essential for follicular dendritic cell (FDC) maintenance and organization of germinal centres. In follicular lymphoma, FDCs are often disarrayed and may lack antigens indicative of terminal differentiation. We investigated the in situ distribution of cells producing lymphotoxin‐beta (LTB), lymphotoxin‐alpha (LTA), and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFA) transcripts in human reactive lymph nodes and in follicular lymphomas with follicular or diffuse growth pattern. LTB was the cytokine most abundantly produced in germinal centres. LTB was present in nearly 90% of germinal centre cells whereas LTA and TNFA were detected in 30 and 50%, respectively. Moreover, the amount of LTB expressed in reactive germinal centre cells was 80‐fold higher than that of LTA and 20‐fold higher than that of TNFA. LTB‐positive cells were more numerous in the germinal centre dark zone, whereas expression of the FDC proteins CD21, CD23, VCAM, and CXCL13 was more intense in the light zone. Tumour cells of follicular lymphomas produced less LTB than reactive germinal centre cells. The results of the in situ study were confirmed by RT‐PCR; LTB was significantly more abundant in reactive lymph nodes than in follicular lymphoma, with the lowest values detected in predominantly diffuse follicular lymphoma. In neoplastic follicles, low production of LTB by tumour B cells was associated with weaker expression of CD21+/CD23+ by FDCs. Our findings detail for the first time the distribution of LTA‐, LTB‐, and TNFA‐producing cells in human reactive germinal centres and in follicular lymphoma. They suggest the possibility that impaired tumour‐cell LTB production may represent a determinant of FDC phenotype loss and for defective follicular organization in follicular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pepe
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Claudia Cippitelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Stefania Scarpino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Luigi Ruco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University, Sant'Andrea HospitalRomeItaly
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Dahdah A, Habir K, Nandakumar KS, Saxena A, Xu B, Holmdahl R, Malin S. Germinal Center B Cells Are Essential for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:193-203. [PMID: 29045049 DOI: 10.1002/art.40354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to be a prototypical autoimmune disorder. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the known pathologic function of B cells in RA, including antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to address the function of B lymphocytes in experimental arthritis. METHODS We mapped the adaptive immune response following collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We subsequently monitored these responses and disease outcomes in genetically modified mouse strains that lack mature B cell or germinal center (GC) functionality in a B cell-intrinsic manner. RESULTS Following primary immunization, the draining lymph nodes broadly reacted against type II collagen (CII) with the formation of GCs and T cell activation. Mice that lacked mature B cell function were fully protected against CIA and had a severely attenuated ability to mount isotype-switched humoral immune responses against CII. Almost identical results were observed in mice that were selectively deficient in GC responses. Importantly, GC-deficient mice were fully susceptible to collagen antibody-induced arthritis. CONCLUSION We identified GC formation and anticollagen antibody production as the key pathogenic functions of B cells in CIA. The role of B cells in RA is likely to be more complex. However, targeting the GC reaction could allow for therapeutic interventions that are more refined than general B cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Habir
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amit Saxena
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Malin
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Mediated Survival of CD169 + Cells Promotes Immune Activation during Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01637-17. [PMID: 29142134 PMCID: PMC5774891 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01637-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune activation is essential to mount an effective antiviral response and to prime adaptive immunity. Although a crucial role of CD169+ cells during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections is increasingly recognized, factors regulating CD169+ cells during viral infections remain unclear. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor is produced by CD11b+ Ly6C+ Ly6G+ cells following infection with VSV. The absence of TNF or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) resulted in reduced numbers of CD169+ cells and in reduced type I interferon (IFN-I) production during VSV infection, with a severe disease outcome. Specifically, TNF triggered RelA translocation into the nuclei of CD169+ cells; this translocation was inhibited when the paracaspase MALT-1 was absent. Consequently, MALT1 deficiency resulted in reduced VSV replication, defective innate immune activation, and development of severe disease. These findings indicate that TNF mediates the maintenance of CD169+ cells and innate and adaptive immune activation during VSV infection.IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, strategically placed CD169+ metallophilic macrophages in the marginal zone of the murine spleen and lymph nodes (LN) have been shown to play a very important role in host defense against viral pathogens. CD169+ macrophages have been shown to activate innate and adaptive immunity via "enforced virus replication," a controlled amplification of virus particles. However, the factors regulating the CD169+ macrophages remain to be studied. In this paper, we show that after vesicular stomatitis virus infection, phagocytes produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which signals via TNFR1, and promote enforced virus replication in CD169+ macrophages. Consequently, lack of TNF or TNFR1 resulted in defective immune activation and VSV clearance.
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Tan JKH, Watanabe T. Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:1. [PMID: 29367882 PMCID: PMC5770394 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is an organ that filters the blood and is responsible for generating blood-borne immune responses. It is also an organ with a remarkable capacity to regenerate. Techniques for splenic auto-transplantation have emerged to take advantage of this characteristic and rebuild spleen tissue in individuals undergoing splenectomy. While this procedure has been performed for decades, the underlying mechanisms controlling spleen regeneration have remained elusive. Insights into secondary lymphoid organogenesis and the roles of stromal organiser cells and lymphotoxin signalling in lymph node development have helped reveal similar requirements for spleen regeneration. These factors are now considered in the regulation of embryonic and postnatal spleen formation, and in the establishment of mature white pulp and marginal zone compartments which are essential for spleen-mediated immunity. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which control spleen development will assist in the design of more precise and efficient tissue grafting methods for spleen regeneration on demand. Regeneration of organs which harbour functional white pulp tissue will also offer novel opportunities for effective immunotherapy against cancer as well as infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. H. Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute/Kitano Hospital, Osaka, 530-8480 Japan
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Engelhard VH, Rodriguez AB, Mauldin IS, Woods AN, Peske JD, Slingluff CL. Immune Cell Infiltration and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Determinants of Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:432-442. [PMID: 29311385 PMCID: PMC5777336 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited representation of intratumoral immune cells is a major barrier to tumor control. However, simply enhancing immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes or through adoptive transfer may not overcome the limited ability of tumor vasculature to support effector infiltration. An alternative is to promote a sustained immune response intratumorally. This idea has gained traction with the observation that many tumors are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which organizationally resemble lymph nodes. These peri- and intratumoral structures are usually, but not always, associated with positive prognoses in patients. Preclinical and clinical data support a role for TLS in modulating immunity in the tumor microenvironment. However, there appear to be varied functions of TLS, potentially based on their structure or location in relation to the tumor or the origin or location of the tumor itself. Understanding more about TLS development, composition, and function may offer new therapeutic opportunities to modulate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Anthony B Rodriguez
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Amber N Woods
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - J David Peske
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Mabbott NA. How do PrP Sc Prions Spread between Host Species, and within Hosts? Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6040060. [PMID: 29186791 PMCID: PMC5750584 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are sub-acute neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and some domestic and free-ranging animals. Infectious prion agents are considered to comprise solely of abnormally folded isoforms of the cellular prion protein known as PrPSc. Pathology during prion disease is restricted to the central nervous system where it causes extensive neurodegeneration and ultimately leads to the death of the host. The first half of this review provides a thorough account of our understanding of the various ways in which PrPSc prions may spread between individuals within a population, both horizontally and vertically. Many natural prion diseases are acquired peripherally, such as by oral exposure, lesions to skin or mucous membranes, and possibly also via the nasal cavity. Following peripheral exposure, some prions accumulate to high levels within the secondary lymphoid organs as they make their journey from the site of infection to the brain, a process termed neuroinvasion. The replication of PrPSc prions within secondary lymphoid organs is important for their efficient spread to the brain. The second half of this review describes the key tissues, cells and molecules which are involved in the propagation of PrPSc prions from peripheral sites of exposure (such as the lumen of the intestine) to the brain. This section also considers how additional factors such as inflammation and aging might influence prion disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Alsughayyir J, Pettigrew GJ, Motallebzadeh R. Spoiling for a Fight: B Lymphocytes As Initiator and Effector Populations within Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Autoimmunity and Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1639. [PMID: 29218052 PMCID: PMC5703719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) develop at ectopic sites within chronically inflamed tissues, such as in autoimmunity and rejecting organ allografts. TLOs differ structurally from canonical secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), in that they lack a mantle zone and are not encapsulated, suggesting that they may provide unique immune function. A notable feature of TLOs is the frequent presence of structures typical of germinal centers (GCs). However, little is known about the role of such GCs, and in particular, it is not clear if the B cell response within is autonomous, or whether it synergizes with concurrent responses in SLOs. This review will discuss ectopic lymphoneogenesis and the role of the B cell in TLO formation and subsequent effector output in the context of autoimmunity and transplantation, with particular focus on the contribution of ectopic GCs to affinity maturation in humoral immune responses and to the potential breakdown of self-tolerance and development of humoral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alsughayyir
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Motallebzadeh
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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García-Hernández MDLL, Uribe-Uribe NO, Espinosa-González R, Kast WM, Khader SA, Rangel-Moreno J. A Unique Cellular and Molecular Microenvironment Is Present in Tertiary Lymphoid Organs of Patients with Spontaneous Prostate Cancer Regression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:563. [PMID: 28567040 PMCID: PMC5434117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple solid cancers contain tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO). However, it is unclear whether they promote tumor rejection, facilitate tumor evasion, or simply whether they are a byproduct of chronic inflammation. We hypothesize that although chronic inflammation induces TLO formation, the tumor milieu can modulate TLO organization and functions in prostate cancer. Therefore, our study seeks to elucidate the cellular and molecular signatures in unique prostatectomy specimens from evanescent carcinoma patients to identify markers of cancer regression, which could be harnessed to modulate local immunosuppression or potentially enhance TLO function. METHODS We used multicolor immunofluorescence to stain prostate tissues, collected at different stages of cancer progression (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intermediate and advanced cancer) or from patients with evanescent prostate carcinoma. Tissues were stained with antibodies specific for pro-inflammatory molecules (cyclooxygenase 2, CXCL10, IL17), tumor-infiltrating immune cells (mature DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells, CD3+ T cells, CD3+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), T bet+ Th1 cells, granzyme B+ cytotoxic cells), and stromal cell populations (lymphatic vessels, tumor neovessels, high endothelial venules (HEV), stromal cells), which promote prostate tumor growth or are critical components of tumor-associated TLO. RESULTS Generally, inflammatory cells are located at the margins of tumors. Unexpectedly, we found TLO within prostate tumors from patients at different stages of cancer and in unique samples from patients with spontaneous cancer remission. In evanescent prostate carcinomas, accumulation of Treg was compromised, while Tbet+ T cells and CD8 T cells were abundant in tumor-associated TLO. In addition, we found a global decrease in tumor neovascularization and the coverage by cells positive for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Finally, consistent with tumor regression, prostate stem cell antigen was considerably reduced in TLO and tumor areas from evanescent carcinoma patients. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that COX2 and Treg are attractive therapeutic targets that can be harnessed to enhance TLO-driven tumor immunity against prostate cancer. Specially, the presence of HEV and lymphatics indicate that TLO can be used as a platform for delivery of cell-based and/or COX2 blocking therapies to improve control of tumor growth in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma Ofelia Uribe-Uribe
- Department of Anatomy and Anatomical Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Espinosa-González
- Department of Anatomy and Anatomical Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Korneev KV, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Grivennikov SI, Kuprash DV, Nedospasov SA. TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis. Cytokine 2017; 89:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has attracted attention in recent years as its members are important regulators of immunity, while they can also cause pathology. In both mouse and man, ILCs were initially discovered in developing lymph nodes as lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. These cells form the prototypic members of the ILC family and play a central role in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). In the absence of LTi cells, lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's Patches (PP) fail to form in mice, although the splenic white pulp can develop normally. Besides LTi cells, the ILC family encompasses helper-like ILCs with functional distinctions as seen by T-helper cells, as well as cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells. ILCs are still present in adult SLOs where they have been shown to play a role in lymphoid tissue regeneration. Furthermore, ILCs were implicated to interact with adaptive lymphocytes and influence the adaptive immune response. Here, we review the recent literature on the role of ILCs in secondary lymphoid tissue from the formation of SLOs to mature SLOs in adults, during homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam E Bar-Ephraïm
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Donaldson DS, Sehgal A, Rios D, Williams IR, Mabbott NA. Increased Abundance of M Cells in the Gut Epithelium Dramatically Enhances Oral Prion Disease Susceptibility. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006075. [PMID: 27973593 PMCID: PMC5156364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many natural prion diseases of humans and animals are considered to be acquired through oral consumption of contaminated food or pasture. Determining the route by which prions establish host infection will identify the important factors that influence oral prion disease susceptibility and to which intervention strategies can be developed. After exposure, the early accumulation and replication of prions within small intestinal Peyer's patches is essential for the efficient spread of disease to the brain. To replicate within Peyer's patches, the prions must first cross the gut epithelium. M cells are specialised epithelial cells within the epithelia covering Peyer's patches that transcytose particulate antigens and microorganisms. M cell-development is dependent upon RANKL-RANK-signalling, and mice in which RANK is deleted only in the gut epithelium completely lack M cells. In the specific absence of M cells in these mice, the accumulation of prions within Peyer's patches and the spread of disease to the brain was blocked, demonstrating a critical role for M cells in the initial transfer of prions across the gut epithelium in order to establish host infection. Since pathogens, inflammatory stimuli and aging can modify M cell-density in the gut, these factors may also influence oral prion disease susceptibility. Mice were therefore treated with RANKL to enhance M cell density in the gut. We show that prion uptake from the gut lumen was enhanced in RANKL-treated mice, resulting in shortened survival times and increased disease susceptibility, equivalent to a 10-fold higher infectious titre of prions. Together these data demonstrate that M cells are the critical gatekeepers of oral prion infection, whose density in the gut epithelium directly limits or enhances disease susceptibility. Our data suggest that factors which alter M cell-density in the gut epithelium may be important risk factors which influence host susceptibility to orally acquired prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Donaldson
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Rios
- Dept. Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ifor R. Williams
- Dept. Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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