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Kupai K, Kang HL, Pósa A, Csonka Á, Várkonyi T, Valkusz Z. Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7269. [PMID: 39000376 PMCID: PMC11242219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to examine the connection between osteoporosis and diabetes, compare the underlying causes of osteoporosis in various forms of diabetes, and suggest optimal methods for diagnosing and assessing fracture risk in diabetic patients. This narrative review discusses the key factors contributing to the heightened risk of fractures in individuals with diabetes, as well as the shared elements impacting the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Understanding the close link between diabetes and a heightened risk of fractures is crucial in effectively managing both conditions. There are several review articles of meta-analysis regarding diaporosis. Nevertheless, no review articles showed collected and well-organized medications of antidiabetics and made for inconvenient reading for those who were interested in details of drug mechanisms. In this article, we presented collected and comprehensive charts of every antidiabetic medication which was linked to fracture risk and indicated plausible descriptions according to research articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hsu Lin Kang
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Csonka
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Várkonyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Valkusz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6703 Szeged, Hungary
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Tseng CH. Thiazolidinedione Use Is Associated with a Borderline Lower Risk of Multiple Myeloma and a Significantly Lower Risk of Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4276. [PMID: 37686552 PMCID: PMC10486533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinedione (TZD) exerts anti-proliferative effects on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. However, there has not been any human study investigating the risk of MM associated with TZD use. METHODS We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance database to identify 423,949 patients who had been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus between 1999 and 2005. After excluding ineligible patients, 86,999 pairs of patients with and without the use of TZD (rosiglitazone or pioglitazone) that had been matched based on propensity score were selected for a follow-up for MM until 31 December 2011. The hazard ratios for MM were estimated using Cox regression and weighted using a propensity score. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 4.6 years and 4.7 years in ever users and never users of TZD, 32 and 47 cases were diagnosed with MM, respectively. A 35% lower risk (though not statistically significant) was observed among ever users (hazard ratio 0.652, 95% confidence interval: 0.416-1.023, p = 0.0625). When ever users were divided by the median (15 months) cumulative duration of TZD therapy, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the lower and upper medians were 0.706 (0.394-1.264) and 0.603 (0.346-1.051), respectively. When treated as a continuous variable, the hazard ratio for every 1-month increment of the cumulative duration was 0.980 (95% confidence interval: 0.963-0.997, p = 0.0185). In the age subgroup analysis, a significantly lower risk could be seen in the older age subgroup of ≥65 years (hazard ratio 0.550, 95% confidence interval: 0.305-0.992, p = 0.0468). Additional analyses suggested that there were no interactions between TZD and some medications and between TZD and some clinical diagnoses, and that the use of TZD as a preventive drug for MM might not be cost-effective because a number-needed-to-treat of 5800 was too large. Survival analyses suggested that ever users had a significantly lower risk of death when all patients were analyzed (hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.87, p < 0.0001 via a log-rank test) or when patients who developed MM were analyzed (hazard ratio: 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.86, p = 0.0153 via a log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS In Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, TZD use is associated with a borderline lower risk of MM, which is more remarkable in patients aged ≥65 years. Because of the low incidence of MM, the use of TZD for the prevention of MM may not be cost-effective. Patients who have been treated with TZD may have a survival advantage. Future research is required to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
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Wei P, Kou W, Fu J, Chen Z, Pan F. Pparα knockout in mice increases the Th17 development by facilitating the IKKα/RORγt and IKKα/Foxp3 complexes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:721. [PMID: 37452099 PMCID: PMC10349144 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The helper CD4+ T cell-type 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are balanced through numerous molecular regulators, particularly metabolic factors, and their alteration causes immune dysregulation. Herein, we report that peroxisome proliferator of activated receptor-alpha (Pparα), a lipid metabolism regulator, suppresses Th17 differentiation. We demonstrated that Pparα ablation improves Th17 and pro-Th17 factor HIF-1α by enhancing the expression and nuclear localization of NFκB-activator IκB kinase-alpha (IKKα). Unexpectedly, we found that IKKα directly interacts with RORγt and enhances the expression of Il17a gene. Meanwhile, IKKα also interacts with Foxp3, leading to the post-translational regulation of Foxp3 by elevating its proteasomal degradation, and influencing Th17 development. Pparα deficiency leads to enhanced Th17 development in vivo and is associated with enhanced pathology in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Overall, our data indicate that Pparα may serve as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Kou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Huang H, Yu PY, Wei C, Li YW, Liang LJ, Liu YZ, Liu LN, Fang BJ, Wang YM. Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Erythroblastic Island Macrophages on Anemia in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2585-2594. [PMID: 37350774 PMCID: PMC10284299 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the clinical characteristics and anemia-related factors in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), as well as the effect and mechanism of erythroblastic islands (EBIs) and EBI macrophages in NDMM patients with anemia. Methods We collected and analyzed clinical data to find anemia-related factors. Using flow cytometry, the numbers and ratios of erythroblasts and EBI macrophages were determined. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to determine the differences of EBI macrophages in NDMM patients with or without anemia. Results Based on the clinical characteristics of NDMM patients with anemia, MCV, abnormal levels of albumin, osteolytic lesions, and Durie-Salmon (DS) stage are risk factors for anemia. Patients with anemia have fewer erythroblasts, erythroblastic islands (EBIs), and EBI macrophages in their bone marrow than patients without anemia. RNA-seq analysis of EBI macrophages from the bone marrow of patients with and without anemia revealed that macrophages from patients with anemia are impaired and tend to promote the production of interleukin-6, which has been demonstrated to be an essential survival factor of myeloma cells and protects them from apoptosis. Conclusion In NDMM patients with anemia, EBI macrophages are impaired, which causes anemia in those patients. Our finding highlights the significance of EBI macrophages in anemia in NDMM patients and provides a new strategy for recovery from anemia in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-Wei Li
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Jun Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Mei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Banik A, Datta Chaudhuri R, Vashishtha S, Gupta S, Kar A, Bandyopadhyay A, Kundu B, Sarkar S. Deoxyelephantopin-a novel PPARγ agonist regresses pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis via IL-6/STAT-3 pathway in crosstalk with PKCδ. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175841. [PMID: 37329972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with ventricular fibrosis leading to heart failure. The use of thiazolidinediones as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPARγ)-modulating anti-hypertrophic therapeutics has been restricted due to major side-effects. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-fibrotic potential of a novel PPARγ agonist, deoxyelephantopin (DEP) in cardiac hypertrophy. AngiotensinII treatment in vitro and renal artery ligation in vivo was performed to mimic pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline assay. Our results showed that DEP treatment significantly improves the echocardiographic parameters by ameliorating ventricular fibrosis without any bystander damage to other major organs. Following molecular docking, all atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses, we established DEP as a PPARγ agonist stably interacting with the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ. DEP specifically downregulated the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-3-mediated collagen gene expression in a PPARγ-dependent manner, as confirmed by PPARγ silencing and site-directed mutagenesis of DEP-interacting PPARγ residues. Although DEP impaired STAT-3 activation, it did not have any effect on the upstream Interleukin (IL)-6 level implying possible crosstalk of the IL-6/STAT-3 axis with other signaling mediators. Mechanistically, DEP increased the binding of PPARγ with Protein Kinase C-delta (PKCδ) which impeded the membrane translocation and activation of PKCδ, downregulating STAT-3 phosphorylation and resultant fibrosis. This study, therefore, for the first time demonstrates DEP as a novel cardioprotective PPARγ agonist. The therapeutic potential of DEP as an anti-fibrotic remedy can be exploited against hypertrophic heart failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Banik
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Ratul Datta Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Shubham Vashishtha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Soumyadeep Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Abhik Kar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | | | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sagartirtha Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Venkataraman B, Almarzooqi S, Raj V, Bhongade BA, Patil RB, Subramanian VS, Attoub S, Rizvi TA, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Molecular Docking Identifies 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) as A Novel PPARγ Agonist That Alleviates Colon Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076160. [PMID: 37047133 PMCID: PMC10094723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is often debilitating. The disease etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility, microbial dysregulation, abnormal immune activation, and environmental factors. Currently, available drug therapies are associated with adverse effects when used long-term. Therefore, the search for new drug candidates to treat IBD is imperative. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in the colon. PPARγ plays a vital role in regulating colonic inflammation. 1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol, is a monoterpene oxide present in various aromatic plants which possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that 1,8-cineole binds to PPARγ and if it were an agonist, that would explain the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,8-cineole. Therefore, we investigated the role of 1,8-cineole in colonic inflammation, using both in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was used as the in vivo model, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-stimulated HT-29 cells as the in vitro model. 1,8-cineole treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis mice. 1,8-cineole treatment also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus to induce potent antioxidant effects. 1,8-cineole also increased colonic PPARγ protein expression. Similarly, 1,8-cineole decreased proinflammatory chemokine production and increased PPARγ protein expression in TNFα-stimulated HT-29 cells. 1,8-cineole also increased PPARγ promoter activity time-dependently. Because of its potent anti-inflammatory effects, 1,8-cineole may be valuable in treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhoomendra A Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK), Pune 411 041, India
| | | | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A Rizvi
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Léger T, Balaguer P, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. Fate and PPARγ and STATs-driven effects of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad in liver cells revealed with multi-omics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130083. [PMID: 36206710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of the pesticide and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad (TEBU) on liver cells were investigated by combining proteomics and metabolomics. Both cell culture media and cellular lysates were analyzed in dose-response and kinetic experiments on the HepaRG cell line. Responses were compared with those obtained on primary human and rat hepatocytes. A multitude of phase I and II metabolites (>80) mainly common to HepaRG cells and primary hepatocytes and an increase in metabolization enzymes were observed. Synthesis of mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation complex constituents, fatty acid oxidation, and cellular uptake of lipids were induced to compensate for complex I inhibition and the decrease in ATP intracellular contents caused by TEBU. Secretion of the 20 S circulating proteasome and overall inhibition of acute inflammation followed by IL-6 secretion in later stages were observed in HepaRG cells. These effects were associated with a decrease in STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor abundances, but with different kinetics. Based on identified TEBU targets, docking experiments, and nuclear receptor reporter assays, we concluded that liver cell response to TEBU is mediated by its interaction with the PPARγ transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Léger
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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Syme TE, Grill M, Hayashida E, Viengkhou B, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ. Strawberry notch homolog 2 regulates the response to interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:126. [PMID: 35624480 PMCID: PMC9145108 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) modulates a variety of inflammatory processes and, context depending, can mediate either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Excessive IL-6 signalling in the brain is associated with chronic inflammation resulting in neurodegeneration. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (Sbno2) is an IL-6-regulated gene whose function is largely unknown. Here we aimed to address this issue by investigating the impact of Sbno2 disruption in mice with IL-6-mediated neuroinflammation. METHODS Mice with germline disruption of Sbno2 (Sbno2-/-) were generated and crossed with transgenic mice with chronic astrocyte production of IL-6 (GFAP-IL6). Phenotypic, molecular and transcriptomic analyses were performed on tissues and primary cell cultures to clarify the role of SBNO2 in IL-6-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS We found Sbno2-/- mice to be viable and overtly normal. By contrast GFAP-IL6 × Sbno2-/- mice had more severe disease compared with GFAP-IL6 mice. This was evidenced by exacerbated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and enhanced IL-6-responsive gene expression. Cell culture experiments on primary astrocytes from Sbno2-/- mice further showed elevated and sustained transcript levels of a number of IL-6 stimulated genes. Notably, despite enhanced disease in vivo and gene expression both in vivo and in vitro, IL-6-stimulated gp130 pathway activation was reduced when Sbno2 is disrupted. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we propose a role for SBNO2 as a novel negative feedback regulator of IL-6 that restrains the excessive inflammatory actions of this cytokine in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Syme
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Magdalena Grill
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Division of Phoniatrics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Emina Hayashida
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Barney Viengkhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Iain L Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Role of JAK-STAT and PPAR-Gamma Signalling Modulators in the Prevention of Autism and Neurological Dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3888-3912. [PMID: 35437700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Janus-kinase (JAK) and signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways regulate gene expression and control various factors involved in normal physiological functions such as cell proliferation, neuronal development, and cell survival. JAK activation phosphorylates STAT3 in astrocytes and microglia, and this phosphorylation has been linked to mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, reactive astrogliosis, and genetic mutations. As a regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), in relation to JAK-STAT signalling, prevents this phosphorylation and aids in the treatment of the above-mentioned neurocomplications. Changes in cellular signalling may also contribute to the onset and progression of autism. Thus, PPAR-gamma agonist upregulation may be associated with JAK-STAT signal transduction downregulation. It may also be responsible for attenuating neuropathological changes by stimulating SOCS3 or involving RXR or SMRT, thereby reducing transcription of the various cytokine proteins and genes involved in neuronal damage. Along with JAK-STAT inhibitors, PPAR-gamma agonists could be used as target therapeutic interventions for autism. This research-based review explores the potential involvement and mutual regulation of JAK-STAT and PPAR-gamma signalling in controlling multiple pathological factors associated with autism.
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11
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MiR-197-3p reduces bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma by inhibiting IL-6 expression in a MEAF6-dependent manner. Leuk Res 2022; 114:106785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez JC, Hernández-Balmaseda I, Declerck K, Pérez-Novo C, Logie E, Theys C, Jakubek P, Quiñones-Maza OL, Dantas-Cassali G, Carlos Dos Reis D, Van Camp G, Lopes Paz MT, Rodeiro-Guerra I, Delgado-Hernández R, Vanden Berghe W. Antiproliferative, Antiangiogenic, and Antimetastatic Therapy Response by Mangiferin in a Syngeneic Immunocompetent Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model Involves Changes in Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670167. [PMID: 34924998 PMCID: PMC8678272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the current advances and achievements in cancer treatments, colorectal cancer (CRC) persists as one of the most prevalent and deadly tumor types in both men and women worldwide. Drug resistance, adverse side effects and high rate of angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor relapse remain one of the greatest challenges in long-term management of CRC and urges need for new leads of anticancer drugs. We demonstrate that CRC treatment with the phytopharmaceutical mangiferin (MGF), a glucosylxanthone present in Mango tree stem bark and leaves (Mangifera Indica L.), induces dose-dependent tumor regression and decreases lung metastasis in a syngeneic immunocompetent allograft mouse model of murine CT26 colon carcinoma, which increases overall survival of mice. Antimetastatic and antiangiogenic MGF effects could be further validated in a wound healing in vitro model in human HT29 cells and in a matrigel plug implant mouse model. Interestingly, transcriptome pathway enrichment analysis demonstrates that MGF inhibits tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis by multi-targeting of mitochondrial oxidoreductase and fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism, PPAR, SIRT, NFκB, Stat3, HIF, Wnt and GP6 signaling pathways. MGF effects on fatty acid β-oxidation metabolism and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein expression could be further confirmed in vitro in human HT29 colon cells. In conclusion, antitumor, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects of MGF treatment hold promise to reduce adverse toxicity and to mitigate therapeutic outcome of colorectal cancer treatment by targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudina Pérez-Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Logie
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudia Theys
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrycja Jakubek
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Geovanni Dantas-Cassali
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Miriam Teresa Lopes Paz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Idania Rodeiro-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICIMAR), CITMA, La Habana, Cuba
| | - René Delgado-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas (CEIEB), Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos (IFAL), Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Agropecuarias, Universidat de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
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PPARγ-A Factor Linking Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity with Placental Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313167. [PMID: 34884974 PMCID: PMC8658556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known factor in the development of preeclampsia. This paper links adipose tissue pathologies with aberrant placental development and the resulting preeclampsia. PPARγ, a transcription factor from the ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor family, appears to be one common aspect of both pathologies. It is the master regulator of adipogenesis in humans. At the same time, its aberrantly low activity has been observed in placental pathologies. Overweight and obesity are very serious health problems worldwide. They have negative effects on the overall mortality rate. Very importantly, they are also conducive to diseases linked to impaired placental development, including preeclampsia. More and more people in Europe are suffering from overweight (35.2%) and obesity (16%) (EUROSTAT 2021 data), some of them young women planning pregnancy. As a result, we will be increasingly encountering obese pregnant women with a considerable risk of placental development disorders, including preeclampsia. An appreciation of the mechanisms shared by these two conditions may assist in their prevention and treatment. Clearly, it should not be forgotten that health education concerning the need for a proper diet and physical activity is of utmost importance here.
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Cannabidiol prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior and alters cytokine and neurotrophic factor levels in the brain. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1680-1693. [PMID: 34218397 PMCID: PMC8254454 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of people worldwide. While the exact pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated, the role of neuro-immune signaling has recently emerged. Despite major advances in pharmacotherapy, antidepressant use is marred by limited efficacy and potential side effects. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, exerts antidepressant-like effects in experimental animals. This study investigated the impact of CBD on sickness behavior (SB), a measure of depressive-like response, and neuro-immune changes induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in mice. Methods Socially isolated rodents were administered with LPS to trigger SB. and treated with CBD or its vehicle. Animals were submitted to forced swimming test, to evaluate depressive-like behavior, and to open field test, to evaluate locomotory activity. Immediately after behavioral analyses, animals were euthanized and had their hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus dissected, to proceed neurotrophins and cytokines analyses. ELISA was used to detect IL-1β, BDNF and NGF; and cytometric beads array to measure IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Results CBD effectively prevented SB-induced changes in the forced swim test without altering spontaneous locomotion. This phytocannabinoid also partially reversed LPS-evoked IL-6 increase in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In addition, CBD prevented endotoxin-induced increase in BDNF and NGF levels in the hippocampus of SB animals. Conclusions Apparently, CBD prevents both behavioral and neuro-immunological changes associated with LPS-induced SB, which reinforces its potential use as an antidepressant which modulates neuroinflammation. This opens up potentially new therapeutic avenues in MDD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00301-8.
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Shahbaz S, Jovel J, Elahi S. Differential transcriptional and functional properties of regulatory T cells in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and long-term non-progressors. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1289. [PMID: 34094548 PMCID: PMC8155695 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are widely recognised as a subset of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells that have a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. The impact of HIV-1 infection on immunological properties and effector functions of Tregs has remained the topic of debate and controversy. In the present study, we investigated transcriptional profile and functional properties of Tregs in HIV-1-infected individuals either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART, n = 50) or long-term non-progressors (LTNPs, n = 24) compared to healthy controls (HCs, n = 38). METHODS RNA sequencing (RNAseq), flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping and functional assays were performed to study Tregs in different HIV cohorts. RESULTS Our RNAseq analysis revealed that Tregs exhibit different transcriptional profiles in HIV-infected individuals. While Tregs from patients on ART upregulate pathways associated with a more suppressive (activated) phenotype, Tregs in LTNPs exhibit upregulation of pathways associated with impaired suppressive properties. These observations may explain a higher propensity for autoimmune diseases in LTNPs. Also, we found substantial upregulation of HLA-F mRNA and HLA-F protein in Tregs from HIV-infected subjects compared to healthy individuals. These observations highlight a potential role for this non-classical HLA in Tregs in the context of HIV infection, which should be investigated further in other chronic viral infections and cancer. CONCLUSION Our study has provided a novel insight into Tregs at the transcriptional and functional levels in different HIV-infected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Juan Jovel
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of DentistryFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Department of OncologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of VirologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
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Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4 alleviated inflammation and early fibrosis after toxin induced kidney injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107760. [PMID: 33991998 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Considerable data have suggested that acute kidney injury (AKI) is often incompletely repaired and could lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). As we known, toxin-induced nephropathy triggers the rapid production of proinflammatory mediators and the prolonged inflammation allows the injured kidneys to develop interstitial fibrosis. In our previous study, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4) has been reported to be involved in the process of AKI. However, whether Fabp4 plays crucial roles in toxin-induced kidney injury remained unclear. To explore the effect and mechanism of Fabp4 on toxin induced kidney injury, folic acid (FA) and aristolochic acid (AA) animal models were used. Both FA and AA injected mice developed severe renal dysfunction and dramatically inflammatory response (IL-6, MCP1 and TNF-a), which further lead to early fibrosis confirmed by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (α-Sma, Fn, Col1 and Col4). Importantly, we found that FA and AA induced-kidney injury triggered the high expression of Fabp4 mRNA/protein in tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Fabp4 significantly attenuated FA and AA induced renal dysfunction, pathological damage, and early fibrosis via the regulation of inflammation, which is mediated by suppressing p-p65/p-stat3 expression via enhancing Pparγ activity. In summary, Fabp4 in tubular epithelial cells exerted the deleterious effects during the recovery of FA and AA induced kidney injury and the inhibition of Fabp4 might be an effective therapeutic strategy against the progressive AKI.
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Yuvaraj S, Kumar BRP. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as a novel and promising target for treating cancer via regulation of inflammation: A brief review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:3-14. [PMID: 33888047 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210422112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are group of nuclear receptors and the ligand-activated intracellular transcription factors that are known to play a key role in physiological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. However, in the past two decades, many reports claim that PPARs also play an imperious role as a tumor suppressor. PPAR- gamma (PPARγ), one of the best-known from the family of PPARs, is known to express in colon, breast, bladder, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Its function in tumour cells includes the modulation of several pathways involved in multiplication and apoptosis. The ligands of PPARγ act by PPARγ dependent as well as independent pathways and are also found to regulate different inflammatory mediators and transcription factors in systemic inflammation and in tumor microenvironment. Both synthetic and natural ligands that are known to activate PPARγ, suppress the tumor cell growth and multiplication through the regulation of inflammatory pathways, as found out from different functional assays and animal studies. Cancer and inflammation are interconnected process that are now being targeted to achieve tumor suppression by decreasing the risks and burden posed by cancer cells. Therefore, PPARγ can serve as a promising target for development of clinical drug molecule attenuating the proliferation of cancer cells. In this perspective, this mini review highlights the PPARγ as a potential target for drug development aiming for anti-inflammatory and thereby suppressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru - 570015, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru - 570015, India
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Yin C, Heit B. Cellular Responses to the Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631714. [PMID: 33959122 PMCID: PMC8093429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and efficient phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is a critical mechanism in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Removal of apoptotic cells through efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis and the resultant inflammation caused by the release of intracellular contents. The importance of efferocytosis in homeostasis is underscored by the large number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, that are characterized by defective apoptotic cell clearance. Although mechanistically similar to the phagocytic clearance of pathogens, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it is immunologically silent and induces a tissue repair response. Efferocytes face unique challenges resulting from the internalization of apoptotic cells, including degradation of the apoptotic cell, dealing with the extra metabolic load imposed by the processing of apoptotic cell contents, and the coordination of an anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue repair response. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cellular response to apoptotic cell uptake, including trafficking of apoptotic cell cargo and antigen presentation, signaling and transcriptional events initiated by efferocytosis, the coordination of an anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair, unique cellular metabolic responses and the role of efferocytosis in host defense. A better understanding of how efferocytic cells respond to apoptotic cell uptake will be critical in unraveling the complex connections between apoptotic cell removal and inflammation resolution and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Zheng DJ, Abou Taka M, Heit B. Role of Apoptotic Cell Clearance in Pneumonia and Inflammatory Lung Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:134. [PMID: 33572846 PMCID: PMC7912081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and inflammatory diseases of the pulmonary system such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. While the etiology of these diseases is highly different, they share a number of similarities in the underlying inflammatory processes driving disease pathology. Multiple recent studies have identified failures in efferocytosis-the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells-as a common driver of inflammation and tissue destruction in these diseases. Effective efferocytosis has been shown to be important for resolving inflammatory diseases of the lung and the subsequent restoration of normal lung function, while many pneumonia-causing pathogens manipulate the efferocytic system to enhance their growth and avoid immunity. Moreover, some treatments used to manage these patients, such as inhaled corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the prevalent use of statins for cardiovascular disease, have been found to beneficially alter efferocytic activity in these patients. In this review, we provide an overview of the efferocytic process and its role in the pathophysiology and resolution of pneumonia and other inflammatory diseases of the lungs, and discuss the utility of existing and emerging therapies for modulating efferocytosis as potential treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jiao Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N0M 2N0, Canada; (D.J.Z.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maria Abou Taka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N0M 2N0, Canada; (D.J.Z.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N0M 2N0, Canada; (D.J.Z.); (M.A.T.)
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
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Hernandez-Quiles M, Broekema MF, Kalkhoven E. PPARgamma in Metabolism, Immunity, and Cancer: Unified and Diverse Mechanisms of Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:624112. [PMID: 33716977 PMCID: PMC7953066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.624112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is one of the most extensively studied ligand-inducible transcription factors. Since its identification in the early 1990s, PPARγ is best known for its critical role in adipocyte differentiation, maintenance, and function. Emerging evidence indicates that PPARγ is also important for the maturation and function of various immune system-related cell types, such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. Furthermore, PPARγ controls cell proliferation in various other tissues and organs, including colon, breast, prostate, and bladder, and dysregulation of PPARγ signaling is linked to tumor development in these organs. Recent studies have shed new light on PPARγ (dys)function in these three biological settings, showing unified and diverse mechanisms of action. Classical transactivation-where PPARγ activates genes upon binding to PPAR response elements as a heterodimer with RXRα-is important in all three settings, as underscored by natural loss-of-function mutations in FPLD3 and loss- and gain-of-function mutations in tumors. Transrepression-where PPARγ alters gene expression independent of DNA binding-is particularly relevant in immune cells. Interestingly, gene translocations resulting in fusion of PPARγ with other gene products, which are unique to specific carcinomas, present a third mode of action, as they potentially alter PPARγ's target gene profile. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying PPARγ activity in the complex regulatory networks in metabolism, cancer, and inflammation may help to define novel potential therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hernandez-Quiles
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine F. Broekema
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eric Kalkhoven,
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21
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Influence of Lipoxygenase Inhibition on Glioblastoma Cell Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218395. [PMID: 33182324 PMCID: PMC7664864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between glioblastoma (GBM) and fatty acid metabolism could be the key to elucidate more effective therapeutic targets. 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX), a linolenic acid and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme, induces both pro- and antitumorigenic effects in different cancer types. Its role in glioma activity has not yet been clearly described. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of 15-LOX and its metabolites on glioblastoma cell activity. METHODS GBM cell lines were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to identify 15-LOX metabolites. GBM cells treated with 15-LOX metabolites, 13-hydroxyoctadecadeinoic acid (HODE) and 9-HODE, and two 15-LOX inhibitors (luteolin and nordihydroguaiaretic acid) were also examined. Dose response/viability curves, RT-PCRs, flow cytometry, migration assays, and zymograms were performed to analyze GBM growth, migration, and invasion. RESULTS Higher quantities of 13-HODE were observed in five GBM cell lines compared to other lipids analyzed. Both 13-HODE and 9-HODE increased cell count in U87MG. 15-LOX inhibition decreased migration and increased cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. CONCLUSION 15-LOX and its linoleic acid (LA)-derived metabolites exercise a protumorigenic influence on GBM cells in vitro. Elevated endogenous levels of 13-HODE called attention to the relationship between linoleic acid metabolism and GBM cell activity.
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Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Robinson P, Tweardy DJ. Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 to Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:486-526. [PMID: 32198236 PMCID: PMC7300325 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before it was molecularly cloned in 1994, acute-phase response factor or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was the focus of intense research into understanding the mammalian response to injury, particularly the acute-phase response. Although known to be essential for liver production of acute-phase reactant proteins, many of which augment innate immune responses, molecular cloning of acute-phase response factor or STAT3 and the research this enabled helped establish the central function of Janus kinase (JAK) family members in cytokine signaling and identified a multitude of cytokines and peptide hormones, beyond interleukin-6 and its family members, that activate JAKs and STAT3, as well as numerous new programs that their activation drives. Many, like the acute-phase response, are adaptive, whereas several are maladaptive and lead to chronic inflammation and adverse consequences, such as cachexia, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and cancer. Molecular cloning of STAT3 also enabled the identification of other noncanonical roles for STAT3 in normal physiology, including its contribution to the function of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, its basal and stress-related adaptive functions in mitochondria, its function as a scaffold in inflammation-enhanced platelet activation, and its contributions to endothelial permeability and calcium efflux from endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we will summarize the molecular and cellular biology of JAK/STAT3 signaling and its functions under basal and stress conditions, which are adaptive, and then review maladaptive JAK/STAT3 signaling in animals and humans that lead to disease, as well as recent attempts to modulate them to treat these diseases. In addition, we will discuss how consideration of the noncanonical and stress-related functions of STAT3 cannot be ignored in efforts to target the canonical functions of STAT3, if the goal is to develop drugs that are not only effective but safe. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Key biological functions of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling can be delineated into two broad categories: those essential for normal cell and organ development and those activated in response to stress that are adaptive. Persistent or dysregulated JAK/STAT3 signaling, however, is maladaptive and contributes to many diseases, including diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and cancer. A comprehensive understanding of JAK/STAT3 signaling in normal development, and in adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress, is essential for the continued development of safe and effective therapies that target this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prema Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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24
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Gionfriddo G, Plastina P, Augimeri G, Catalano S, Giordano C, Barone I, Morelli C, Giordano F, Gelsomino L, Sisci D, Witkamp R, Andò S, van Norren K, Bonofiglio D. Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Synthetic and Natural PPARγ Ligands as a Potential Target in Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010174. [PMID: 31936729 PMCID: PMC7017381 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) elicits anti-proliferative effects on different tumor cells, including those derived from breast cancer. PPARγ is also expressed in several cells of the breast tumor microenvironment, among which tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. We explored the ability of synthetic and natural PPARγ ligands to modulate TAM polarization. The ligands included rosiglitazone (BRL-49653), and two docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conjugates, N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine (DHEA) and N-docosahexaenoyl serotonin (DHA-5-HT). Human THP-1 monocytic cells were differentiated into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages that were characterized by qRT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. A TAM-like phenotypic state was generated by adding two different breast cancer cell conditioned media (BCC-CM) to the cultures. Macrophages exposed to BCC-CM concomitantly exhibited M1 and M2 phenotypes. Interestingly, rosiglitazone, DHEA and DHA-5-HT attenuated cytokine secretion by TAMs, and this effect was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Given the key role played by PPARγ in the crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs in tumor progression, its activation via endogenous or synthetic ligands may lead to novel strategies that target both epithelial neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gionfriddo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (K.v.N.); (D.B.); Tel.: +31-0317-485093 (K.v.N.); +39-0984-496208 (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.v.N.); (D.B.); Tel.: +31-0317-485093 (K.v.N.); +39-0984-496208 (D.B.)
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25
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Ramot Y, Bertolini M, Boboljova M, Uchida Y, Paus R. PPAR-γ signalling as a key mediator of human hair follicle physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:312-321. [PMID: 31769892 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are abundantly expressed in human skin, with PPAR-γ being the most intensively investigated isoform. In various ex vivo and in vivo models, PPAR-γ-mediated signalling has recently surfaced as an essential element of hair follicle (HF) development, growth and stem cell biology. Moreover, the availability of novel, topically applicable PPAR-γ modulators with a favourable toxicological profile has extended the range of potential applications in clinical dermatology. In this review, we synthesize where this field currently stands and sketch promising future research avenues, focussing on the role of PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in the biology and pathology of human scalp HFs, with special emphasis on scarring alopecias such as lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia as model human epithelial stem cell diseases. In particular, we discuss whether and how pharmacological modulation of PPAR-γ signalling may be employed for the management of hair growth disorders, for example, in scarring alopecia (by reducing HF inflammation as well as by promoting the survival and suppressing pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratin 15 + epithelial stem cells in the bulge) and in hirsutism/hypertrichosis (by promoting catagen development). Moreover, we explore the potential role of PPAR-γ in androgenetic alopecia, HF energy metabolism and HF ageing, and consider clinical perspectives that emanate from the limited data available on this so far. As this field of translational human hair research is still in its infancy, many open questions exist, for which we briefly delineate selected experimental approaches that promise to generate instructive answers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Boboljova
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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26
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Zhang W, Cheng C, Han Q, Chen Y, Guo J, Wu Q, Zhu B, Shan J, Shi L. Flos Abelmoschus manihot extract attenuates DSS-induced colitis by regulating gut microbiota and Th17/Treg balance. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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27
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Chong PSY, Chng WJ, de Mel S. STAT3: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050731. [PMID: 31130718 PMCID: PMC6562880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy for which novel treatment options are required. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) overexpression in MM appears to be mediated by a variety of factors including interleukin-6 signaling and downregulation of Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). STAT3 overexpression in MM is associated with an adverse prognosis and may play a role in microenvironment-dependent treatment resistance. In addition to its pro-proliferative role, STAT3 upregulates anti-apoptotic proteins and leads to microRNA dysregulation in MM. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is an oncogenic phosphatase which is upregulated by STAT3. PRL-3 itself promotes STAT-3 phosphorylation resulting in a positive feedback loop. PRL-3 is overexpressed in a subset of MM patients and may cooperate with STAT3 to promote survival of MM cells. Indirectly targeting STAT3 via JAK (janus associated kinase) inhibition has shown promise in early clinical trials. Specific inhibitors of STAT3 showed in vitro efficacy but have failed in clinical trials while several STAT3 inhibitors derived from herbs have been shown to induce apoptosis of MM cells in vitro. Optimising the pharmacokinetic profiles of novel STAT3 inhibitors and identifying how best to combine these agents with existing anti-myeloma therapy are key questions to be addressed in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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28
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Martín-Sierra C, Laranjeira P, Domingues MR, Paiva A. Lipoxidation and cancer immunity. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101103. [PMID: 30658904 PMCID: PMC6859558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxidation is a well-known reaction between electrophilic carbonyl species, formed during oxidation of lipids, and specific proteins that, in most cases, causes an alteration in proteins function. This can occur under physiological conditions but, in many cases, it has been associated to pathological process, including cancer. Lipoxidation may have an effect in cancer development through their effects in tumour cells, as well as through the alteration of immune components and the consequent modulation of the immune response. The formation of protein adducts affects different proteins in cancer, triggering different mechanism, such as proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis, among others, altering cancer progression. The divergent results obtained documented that the formation of lipoxidation adducts can have either anti-carcinogenic or pro-carcinogenic effects, depending on the cell type affected and the specific adduct formed. Moreover, lipoxidation adducts may alter the immune response, consequently causing either positive or negative alterations in cancer progression. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the effects of lipoxidation adducts in cancer cells and immune components and their consequences in the evolution of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martín-Sierra
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Laranjeira
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M R Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Portugal.
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29
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Moresi V, Adamo S, Berghella L. The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2019; 10:500. [PMID: 31114509 PMCID: PMC6502894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a key intracellular mediator of a variety of metabolically relevant hormones and cytokines, including the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. The JAK/STAT pathway transmits extracellular signals to the nucleus, leading to the transcription of genes involved in multiple biological activities. The JAK/STAT pathway has been reported to be required for the homeostasis of different tissues and organs. Indeed, when deregulated, it promotes the initiation and progression of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. In skeletal muscle, activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by the IL-6 cytokines accounts for opposite effects: on the one hand, it promotes muscle hypertrophy, by increasing the proliferation of satellite cells; on the other hand, it contributes to muscle wasting. The expression of IL-6 and of key members of the JAK/STAT pathway is regulated at the epigenetic level through histone methylation and histone acetylation mechanisms. Thus, manipulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by specific inhibitors and/or drugs that modulate epigenetics is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of numerous diseases. We focus this review on the JAK/STAT pathway functions in striated muscle pathophysiology and the potential role of IL-6 as an effector of the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, DAHFMO, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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30
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Andrich DE, Melbouci L, Ou Y, Auclair N, Mercier J, Grenier JC, Lira FS, Barreiro LB, Danialou G, Comtois AS, Lavoie JC, St-Pierre DH. A Short-Term High-Fat Diet Alters Glutathione Levels and IL-6 Gene Expression in Oxidative Skeletal Muscles of Young Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:372. [PMID: 31024337 PMCID: PMC6468044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ensuing disorders are increasingly prevalent worldwide. High-fat diets (HFD) and diet-induced obesity have been shown to induce oxidative stress and inflammation while altering metabolic homeostasis in many organs, including the skeletal muscle. We previously observed that 14 days of HFD impairs contractile functions of the soleus (SOL) oxidative skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clarified. In order to determine the effects of a short-term HFD on skeletal muscle glutathione metabolism, young male Wistar rats (100–125 g) were fed HFD or a regular chow diet (RCD) for 14 days. Reduced (GSH) and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels were measured in the SOL. The expression of genes involved in the regulation of glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and inflammation were measured by RNA-Seq. We observed a significant 25% decrease of GSH levels in the SOL muscle. Levels of GSSG and the GSH:GSSG ratio were similar in both groups. Further, we observed a 4.5 fold increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not of other cytokines or markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We hereby demonstrate that a short-term HFD significantly lowers SOL muscle GSH levels. This effect could be mediated through the increased expression of IL-6. Further, the skeletal muscle antioxidant defense could be impaired under cellular stress. We surmise that these early alterations could contribute to HFD-induced insulin resistance observed in longer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Andrich
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lilya Melbouci
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ya Ou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nickolas Auclair
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Mercier
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gawiyou Danialou
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Royal Military College Saint-Jean, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Alain-Steve Comtois
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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31
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Akiyama TE, Skelhorne-Gross GE, Lightbody ED, Rubino RE, Shi JY, McNamara LA, Sharma N, Zycband EI, Gonzalez FJ, Liu H, Woods JW, Chang CH, Berger JP, Nicol CJB. Endothelial Cell-Targeted Deletion of PPAR γ Blocks Rosiglitazone-Induced Plasma Volume Expansion and Vascular Remodeling in Adipose Tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 368:514-523. [PMID: 30606762 PMCID: PMC11047031 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists that represent an effective class of insulin-sensitizing agents; however, clinical use is associated with weight gain and peripheral edema. To elucidate the role of PPARγ expression in endothelial cells (ECs) in these side effects, EC-targeted PPARγ knockout (Pparg ΔEC) mice were placed on a high-fat diet to promote PPARγ agonist-induced plasma volume expansion, and then treated with the TZD rosiglitazone. Compared with Pparg-floxed wild-type control (Pparg f/f) mice, Pparg ΔEC treated with rosiglitazone are resistant to an increase in extracellular fluid, water content in epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue, and plasma volume expansion. Interestingly, histologic assessment confirmed significant rosiglitazone-mediated capillary dilation within white adipose tissue of Pparg f/f mice, but not Pparg ΔEC mice. Analysis of ECs isolated from untreated mice in both strains suggested the involvement of changes in endothelial junction formation. Specifically, compared with cells from Pparg f/f mice, Pparg ΔEC cells had a 15-fold increase in focal adhesion kinase, critically important in EC focal adhesions, and >3-fold significant increase in vascular endothelial cadherin, the main component of focal adhesions. Together, these results indicate that rosiglitazone has direct effects on the endothelium via PPARγ activation and point toward a critical role for PPARγ in ECs during rosiglitazone-mediated plasma volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro E Akiyama
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Graham E Skelhorne-Gross
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Elizabeth D Lightbody
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Rachel E Rubino
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Jia Yue Shi
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Lesley A McNamara
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Emanuel I Zycband
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Haiying Liu
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - John W Woods
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - C H Chang
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Joel P Berger
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Cardiometabolic Disorders Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey (T.E.A., L.A.M., N.S., E.I.Z., H.L., J.W.W., C.H.C., J.P.B.); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (G.E.S.-G., E.D.L., C.J.B.N.), Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute (R.E.R., C.J.B.N.), and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (J.Y.S., C.J.B.N.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.P.B.)
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The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:122-133. [PMID: 30138623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer. Therefore, the druggability of the ECS could open new research avenues for the treatment of the pathologies mentioned. Numerous studies have reported that phytocannabinoids and their biological analogues modulate a complex network pharmacology involved in the modulation of ECS, focusing on classical cannabinoid receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The combined targeting of several end-points seems critical to provide better chances of therapeutically success, in sharp contrast to the one-disease-one-target dogma that permeates current drug discovery campaigns.
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Contribution of STAT3 to Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases and Prospects for its Targeting for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082299. [PMID: 30081609 PMCID: PMC6121470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 plays a central role in the host response to injury. It is activated rapidly within cells by many cytokines, most notably those in the IL-6 family, leading to pro-proliferative and pro-survival programs that assist the host in regaining homeostasis. With persistent activation, however, chronic inflammation and fibrosis ensue, leading to a number of debilitating diseases. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the role of STAT3 and its targeting in diseases marked by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis with a focus on those with the largest unmet medical need.
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Implications of STAT3 and STAT5 signaling on gene regulation and chromatin remodeling in hematopoietic cancer. Leukemia 2018; 32:1713-1726. [PMID: 29728695 PMCID: PMC6087715 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 proteins are oncogenic downstream mediators of the JAK–STAT pathway. Deregulated STAT3 and STAT5 signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival in conjunction with other core cancer pathways. Nuclear phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 regulate cell-type-specific transcription profiles via binding to promoter elements and exert more complex functions involving interaction with various transcriptional coactivators or corepressors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The JAK–STAT pathway can rapidly reshape the chromatin landscape upon cytokine, hormone, or growth factor stimulation and unphosphorylated STAT proteins also appear to be functional with respect to regulating chromatin accessibility. Notably, cancer genome landscape studies have implicated mutations in various epigenetic modifiers as well as the JAK–STAT pathway as underlying causes of many cancers, particularly acute leukemia and lymphomas. However, it is incompletely understood how mutations within these pathways can interact and synergize to promote cancer. We summarize the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions downstream of cytokine signaling and provide details on prerequisites for DNA binding and gene transcription. We also discuss key interactions of STAT3 and STAT5 with chromatin remodeling factors such as DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers, cofactors, corepressors, and other transcription factors.
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35
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Qiao Y, Zhang C, Li A, Wang D, Luo Z, Ping Y, Zhou B, Liu S, Li H, Yue D, Zhang Z, Chen X, Shen Z, Lian J, Li Y, Wang S, Li F, Huang L, Wang L, Zhang B, Yu J, Qin Z, Zhang Y. IL6 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes chemoresistance via CXCR7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:873-883. [PMID: 29059160 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various factors and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment are key drivers associated with drug resistance in many cancers. Here, we analyzed the factors and molecular mechanisms involved in chemoresistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We found that interleukin 6 (IL6) derived mainly from cancer-associated fibroblasts played the most important role in chemoresistance by upregulating C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) expression through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-κB pathway. CXCR7 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of IL6-induced proliferation and chemoresistance. In addition, CXCR7 silencing significantly decreased gene expression associated with stemness, chemoresistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppressed the proliferation ability of ESCC cells in three-dimensional culture systems and angiogenesis assay. In clinical samples, ESCC patients with high expression of CXCR7 and IL6 presented a significantly worse overall survival and progression-free survival upon receiving cisplatin after operation. These results suggest that the IL6-CXCR7 axis may provide a promising target for the treatment of ESCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Prognosis
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - C Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - A Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Luo
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B Zhou
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - S Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Z Shen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Lian
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Z Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Vandewalle J, Luypaert A, De Bosscher K, Libert C. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:42-54. [PMID: 29162310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used clinically for decades as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Nevertheless, their use is severely hampered by the risk of developing side effects and the occurrence of glucocorticoid resistance (GCR). Therefore, efforts to understand the complex mechanisms underlying GC function and GCR are ongoing. The goal is to generate new glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands that can dissociate anti-inflammatory from metabolic side effects and/or overcome GCR. In this review paper we discuss recent insights into GR-mediated actions in GCR and novel therapeutic strategies for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Astrid Luypaert
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-University of Ghent (UGent) Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-University of Ghent (UGent) Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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37
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Ju KD, Lim JW, Kim H. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma Inhibits the Activation of STAT3 in Cerulein-stimulated Pancreatic Acinar Cells. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:189-194. [PMID: 29018784 PMCID: PMC5624460 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerulein-induced pancreatitis is similar to human edematous pancreatitis, characterized by the dysregulation of digestive enzyme production, edema formation, and an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the pancreas. We previously showed that the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway mediates inflammatory signaling in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells. PPAR-γ has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory responses in several cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of PPAR-γ in cerulein-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 in pancreatic acinar cells. Treatment with cerulein induced the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and PPAR-γ expression in AR42J cells. Cerulein-induced PPAR-γ expression was inhibited by AG490, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, in AR42J cells. An immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PPAR-γ binds to STAT3 in cerulein-stimulated AR42J cells. Down-regulation of PPAR-γ by siRNA increased STAT3 phosphorylation in AR42J cells stimulated with cerulein. These results show that PPAR-γ inactivates STAT3 by directly interacting with STAT3 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells. Overexpression of PPAR-γ may be beneficial for preventing pancreatitis by suppressing the activation of STAT3 in pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Don Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Cheng Y, Liu S, Lin R, Wang J, Peng T, Zhang Q, Cheng H. Plasma and amniotic fluid PPARγ is involved in the lipid metabolism of maternal-fetal interface cells. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:2656-2664. [PMID: 28720051 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1350641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was at detecting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate whether PPARγ regulates the lipid metabolism of maternal-fetal interface cells. METHODS We detected the expression of PPARγ in the maternal plasma, fetal plasma and amniotic fluid of two groups of women with GDM or normal pregnancy using ELISA and western blot. Establish the cell models of the indirect coculture model and the separate culture model using BeWo cells and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid uptake, and the mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS PPARγ is detectable in maternal plasma, fetal plasma and amniotic fluid. Levels of PPARγ in GDM maternal plasma were significant higher than other groups in vitro, with increasing PPARγ, the cytoplasmic lipid uptake levels of BeWo cells and ESCs were both increased in coculture conditions. GLUT1 and SCD mRNA rose significantly with increasing PPARγ in indirect coculture conditions, but both did not respond to PPARγ in ESC-absent culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular concentration of PPARγ may be involved in the lipid transport of maternal-fetal interface cells and may play a role in the abnormal lipid metabolism of GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru Lin
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jue Wang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Peng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Haidong Cheng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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39
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Calvier L, Chouvarine P, Legchenko E, Hoffmann N, Geldner J, Borchert P, Jonigk D, Mozes MM, Hansmann G. PPARγ Links BMP2 and TGFβ1 Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Regulating Cell Proliferation and Glucose Metabolism. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1118-1134.e7. [PMID: 28467929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BMP2 and TGFβ1 are functional antagonists of pathological remodeling in the arteries, heart, and lung; however, the mechanisms in VSMCs, and their disturbance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are unclear. We found a pro-proliferative TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in VSMCs, and PPARγ as inhibitory regulator of TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 and TGFβ1-Smad3/4, by physically interacting with Stat3 and Smad3. TGFβ1 induces fibrosis-related genes and miR-130a/301b, suppressing PPARγ. Conversely, PPARγ inhibits TGFβ1-induced mitochondrial activation and VSMC proliferation, and regulates two glucose metabolism-related enzymes, platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP, a PPARγ target, via miR-331-5p) and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G, a Smad3 target). PPARγ knockdown/deletion in VSMCs activates TGFβ1 signaling. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reverses PAH and inhibits the TGFβ1-Stat3-FoxO1 axis in TGFβ1-overexpressing mice. We identified PPARγ as a missing link between BMP2 and TGFβ1 pathways in VSMCs. PPARγ activation can be beneficial in TGFβ1-associated diseases, such as PAH, parenchymal lung diseases, and Marfan's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Philippe Chouvarine
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Legchenko
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Nadine Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jonas Geldner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Paul Borchert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Miklos M Mozes
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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40
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Ouédraogo ZG, Biau J, Kemeny JL, Morel L, Verrelle P, Chautard E. Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5780-5797. [PMID: 27660268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouédraogo
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, de Toxicologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Ouagadougou, 03, Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Julian Biau
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anatomopathologie, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, GReD, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, 24 Avenue des Landais BP80026, 63171, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.,Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Chautard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7283, CREaT, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Département de Radiothérapie, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre Jean Perrin, EA7283 CREaT - Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, F-63000-63011, Clermont Ferrand, France.
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Wang Q, Zhou JL, Wang H, Ju Q, Ding Z, Zhou XL, Ge X, Shi QM, Pan C, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Yu HM, Xu LC. Inhibition effect of cypermethrin mediated by co-regulators SRC-1 and SMRT in interleukin-6-induced androgen receptor activation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:24-29. [PMID: 27239967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the pesticide cypermethrin may induce androgen receptor (AR) antagonism via ligand-independent mechanisms. The Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) iCELLigence system was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of cypermethrin on interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced ligand-independent LNCaP cell growth. Then, the mammalian two-hybrid assays were applied to clarify whether the mechanism of IL-6-induced AR antagonism of cypermethrin was associated with the interactions of the AR and co-activator steroid receptor co-activator-1 (SRC-1) and co-repressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT). Cypermethrin inhibited the LNCaP cell growth induced by IL-6. The interactions of AR-SRC-1 and AR-SMRT mediated by IL-6 were suppressed by cypermethrin. The results indicate that the IL-6-mediated AR antagonism induced by cypermethrin is related to repress the recruitment of co-regulators SRC-1 and SMRT to the AR in a ligand-independent manner. Inhibition of the interactions of AR-SRC-1 and AR-SMRT mediated by IL-6 contributes to the AR antagonism induced by cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Ji-Long Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Qiang Ju
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Xing Ge
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Shi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Chen Pan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Hong-Min Yu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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42
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Troche C, Aydemir TB, Cousins RJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a14 regulates inflammatory signaling associated with hypertrophic adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E258-68. [PMID: 26646099 PMCID: PMC4971811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00421.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a signaling molecule in numerous metabolic pathways, the coordination of which occurs through activity of zinc transporters. The expression of zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14), a zinc importer of the solute carrier 39 family, is stimulated under proinflammatory conditions. Adipose tissue upregulates Zip14 during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. A null mutation of Zip14 (KO) revealed that phenotypic changes in adipose include increased cytokine production, increased plasma leptin, hypertrophied adipocytes, and dampened insulin signaling. Adipose tissue from KO mice had increased levels of preadipocyte markers, lower expression of the differentiation marker (PPARγ), and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Our overall hypothesis was that ZIP14 would play a role in adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory obesity. Global Zip14 KO causes systemic endotoxemia. The observed metabolic changes in adipose metabolism were reversed when oral antibiotics were administrated, indicating that circulating levels of endotoxin were in part responsible for the adipose phenotype. To evaluate a mechanism, 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated into adipocytes and treated with siRNA to knock down Zip14. These cells had an impaired ability to mobilize zinc, which caused dysregulation of inflammatory pathways (JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB). The Zip14 deletion may limit the availability of intracellular zinc, yielding the unique phenotype of inflammation coupled with hypertrophy. Taken together, these results suggest that aberrant zinc distribution observed with Zip14 ablation impacts adipose cytokine production and metabolism, ultimately increasing fat deposition when exposed to endotoxin. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into the mechanistic role of ZIP14 in adipose tissue regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Troche
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department and Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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PPARγ regulated CIDEA affects pro-apoptotic responses in glioblastoma. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15038. [PMID: 27551468 PMCID: PMC4979534 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractoriness of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to current treatment paradigms has necessitated identification of new targets to better the existing therapeutic strategies. One such target is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) - a transcription factor involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Expression of PPARγ, a known regulator of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector (CIDEA), is modulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α). While the involvement of CIDEA in lipid metabolism is known, its role in malignancies remains largely unknown. An elevated PPARγ and low CIDEA level was observed in GBM tumors as compared with surrounding non-neoplastic tissue. As reciprocal relation exists between PPAR and HIF-1α: and as HIF-1α is a key component in glioma progression, their role in regulating CIDEA expression in glioblastoma was investigated. Although HIF-1α inhibition had no effect on CIDEA expression, pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ elevated CIDEA levels. PPARγ mediated upregulation of CIDEA was accompanied by decreased recruitment of NFκB and SP1 to their predicted binding sites on CIDEA promoter. Ectopic expression of CIDEA triggered apoptosis, activated JNK, decreased HIF-1α activation and increased PPARγ levels in glioma cells. While CIDEA overexpression induced actin cytoskeletal disruption, cell cycle arrest, release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in a JNK-dependent manner; CIDEA mediated apoptotic cell death, decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and increased p53 acetylation was JNK independent. This study highlights for the first time the existence of (i) PPARγ-CIDEA regulatory loop in glioma and (ii) novel function of CIDEA as regulator of glioma cell survival.
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44
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Park BV, Pan F. The role of nuclear receptors in regulation of Th17/Treg biology and its implications for diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:533-42. [PMID: 25958843 PMCID: PMC4579653 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors in the cell play essential roles in environmental sensing, differentiation, development, homeostasis,and metabolism and are thus highly conserved across multiple species. The anti-inflammatory role of nuclear receptors in immune cells has recently gained recognition. Nuclear receptors play critical roles in both myeloid and lymphoid cells, particularly in helper CD41 T-cell type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Th17 and Treg are closely related cell fates that are determined by orchestrated cytokine signaling. Recent studies have emphasized the interactions between nuclear receptors and the known cytokine signals and how such interaction affects Th17/Treg development and function.This review will focus on the most recent discoveries concerning the roles of nuclear receptors in the context of therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases.
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45
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Synchronizing transcriptional control of T cell metabolism and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:574-84. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Hong-Wei G, Lan L, De-Guo X, Zhong-Hao L, Peng R, Zhi-Qiang L, Guo-Qiang S, Ming-Zhi G. NCoR negatively regulates adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:749-58. [PMID: 26019118 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) regulates the activities of gene transcription. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are multipotent cells which can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NCoR on adipogenic differentiation of MSCs isolated from the rats. The results suggested that rat MSCs could differentiate into adipocytes successfully after cultured in adipogenic medium. NCoR protein determined by Western blot showed a lower expression in MSC-derived adipocytes, indicating that NCoR was involved in adipocyte differentiation of rat MSCs. It further proved that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NCoR could promote cell viability and differentiation and enhance messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). However, over-expression of NCoR exerted its functions in contrary to NCoR knockdown. It indicated that NCoR could negatively regulate adipogenic differentiation of rat MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Hong-Wei
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan City, 250033, Shandong Province, China
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47
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Park BV, Pan F. The role of nuclear receptors in regulation of Th17/Treg biology and its implications for diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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48
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Adhikary T, Wortmann A, Schumann T, Finkernagel F, Lieber S, Roth K, Toth PM, Diederich WE, Nist A, Stiewe T, Kleinesudeik L, Reinartz S, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R. The transcriptional PPARβ/δ network in human macrophages defines a unique agonist-induced activation state. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5033-51. [PMID: 25934804 PMCID: PMC4446423 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a lipid ligand-inducible transcription factor with established metabolic functions, whereas its anti-inflammatory function is poorly understood. To address this issue, we determined the global PPARβ/δ-regulated signaling network in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Besides cell type-independent, canonical target genes with metabolic and immune regulatory functions we identified a large number of inflammation-associated NFκB and STAT1 target genes that are repressed by agonists. Accordingly, PPARβ/δ agonists inhibited the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators and induced an anti-inflammatory, IL-4-like morphological phenotype. Surprisingly, bioinformatic analyses also identified immune stimulatory effects. Consistent with this prediction, PPARβ/δ agonists enhanced macrophage survival under hypoxic stress and stimulated CD8+ T cell activation, concomitantly with the repression of immune suppressive target genes and their encoded products CD274 (PD-1 ligand), CD32B (inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), as well as a diminished release of the immune suppressive IDO-1 metabolite kynurenine. Comparison with published data revealed a significant overlap of the PPARβ/δ transcriptome with coexpression modules characteristic of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that PPARβ/δ agonists induce a unique macrophage activation state with strong anti-inflammatory but also specific immune stimulatory components, pointing to a context-dependent function of PPARβ/δ in immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Wortmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schumann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Lieber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Roth
- Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Philipps University, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Toth
- Medicinal Chemistry Core Facility and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Medicinal Chemistry Core Facility and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lara Kleinesudeik
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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49
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Xu J, Sun HY, Xiao FJ, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang L, Gao CJ, Guo ZK, Wu CT, Wang LS. SENP1 inhibition induces apoptosis and growth arrest of multiple myeloma cells through modulation of NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:409-15. [PMID: 25791478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SUMO/sentrin specific protease 1 (Senp1) is an important regulation protease in the protein sumoylation, which affects the cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation. The role of Senp1 mediated protein desumoylation in pathophysiological progression of multiple myeloma is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Senp1 is overexpressed and induced by IL-6 in multiple myeloma cells. Lentivirus-mediated Senp1 knockdown triggers apoptosis and reduces viability, proliferation and colony forming ability of MM cells. The NF-κB family members including P65 and inhibitor protein IkBα play important roles in regulation of MM cell survival and proliferation. We further demonstrated that Senp1 inhibition decreased IL-6-induced P65 and IkBα phosphorylation, leading to inactivation of NF-кB signaling in MM cells. These results delineate a key role for Senp1in IL-6 induced proliferation and survival of MM cells, suggesting it may be a potential new therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hui-Yan Sun
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Feng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chun-Ji Gao
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zi-Kuan Guo
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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50
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Bertero T, Lu Y, Annis S, Hale A, Bhat B, Saggar R, Saggar R, Wallace WD, Ross DJ, Vargas SO, Graham BB, Kumar R, Black SM, Fratz S, Fineman JR, West JD, Haley KJ, Waxman AB, Chau BN, Cottrill KA, Chan SY. Systems-level regulation of microRNA networks by miR-130/301 promotes pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3514-28. [PMID: 24960162 PMCID: PMC4109523 DOI: 10.1172/jci74773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the vascular disease pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves disparate molecular pathways that span multiple cell types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may coordinately regulate PH progression, but the integrative functions of miRNAs in this process have been challenging to define with conventional approaches. Here, analysis of the molecular network architecture specific to PH predicted that the miR-130/301 family is a master regulator of cellular proliferation in PH via regulation of subordinate miRNA pathways with unexpected connections to one another. In validation of this model, diseased pulmonary vessels and plasma from mammalian models and human PH subjects exhibited upregulation of miR-130/301 expression. Evaluation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells revealed that miR-130/301 targeted PPARγ with distinct consequences. In endothelial cells, miR-130/301 modulated apelin-miR-424/503-FGF2 signaling, while in smooth muscle cells, miR-130/301 modulated STAT3-miR-204 signaling to promote PH-associated phenotypes. In murine models, induction of miR-130/301 promoted pathogenic PH-associated effects, while miR-130/301 inhibition prevented PH pathogenesis. Together, these results provide insight into the systems-level regulation of miRNA-disease gene networks in PH with broad implications for miRNA-based therapeutics in this disease. Furthermore, these findings provide critical validation for the evolving application of network theory to the discovery of the miRNA-based origins of PH and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Hale
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Balkrishen Bhat
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajeev Saggar
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W. Dean Wallace
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J. Ross
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sohrab Fratz
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D. West
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Haley
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron B. Waxman
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B. Nelson Chau
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A. Cottrill
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Regulus Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA. Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tuscon, Arizona, USA. Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Vascular Biology Center, Pulmonary Disease Program, Georgia Regents University, August, Georgia, USA. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany. Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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