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Luo WS, Qiang DR, Zhu WR, Kong XL, Xu WC. Haplotype analysis on association between C-reactive protein gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population : CRP gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02309-x. [PMID: 38833006 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to evaluate the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphism, additional gene-gene interaction, and haplotypes on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS SNPstats online software ( https://www.snpstats.net/start.htm ) was employed to evaluate the association between CRP gene and T2DM risk. High-order interactions among SNPs was tested using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, and the testing balanced accuracy, training balanced accuracy and cross-validation consistency were calculated. The SHEsisPlus ( http://shesisplus.bio-x.cn/SHEsis.html ) online software was used for haplotype analysis. RESULTS A total of 730 T2DM patients and 765 controls were enrolled. The T allele of rs1205 is associated with increased susceptibility to T2DM, OR (95% CI) were 1.51 (1.13-2.01), 1.44 (1.10-1.89) and 1.25 (1.01-1.54) for codominant, dominant and over-dominant models, respectively. We also found that minor allele of rs2794521 is associated with decreased susceptibility to T2DM under codominant and recessive models, OR (95%CI) were 0.38 (0.18-0.79) and 0.37 (0.16-0.80) for codominant and recessive models, respectively. No significant gene-gene interaction existed among CRP gene SNPs, all interaction p- values were more than 0.05. Haplotype analyses suggested the CGCA haplotype containing rs1205-C, rs1130864-G, rs2794521- C and rs3093059- A allele was associated with decreased risk of T2DM, OR (95% CI) = 0.83 (0.68-0.98), P = 0.047. CONCLUSIONS Minor allele of rs1205 was associated with increased T2DM risk. Minor allele of rs2794521 and the CGCA haplotype were associated with decreased T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shu Luo
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Advanced Institute of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 203 Taishan Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ren Qiang
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Changzhou Wujin District Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Community Health Service Center of Xihu Street, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213149, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Rong Zhu
- Community Health Service Center of Xihu Street, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213149, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Kong
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Changzhou Wujin District Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Xu
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Advanced Institute of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 203 Taishan Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Jiang X, Ren W, Lei S, Deng F, Wu L. High sensitivity C-reactive protein and prediabetes progression and regression in middle-aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:78-86. [PMID: 37803908 PMCID: PMC10759715 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of systemic inflammation, assessed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, on prediabetes progression and regression in middle-aged and older adults based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). METHODS Participants with prediabetes from CHARLS were followed up 4 years later with blood samples collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The level of hs-CRP was assessed at baseline and categorized into tertiles (low, middle, and high groups). Prediabetes at baseline and follow-up was defined primarily according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). We also performed stratified analyses according to age, gender, BMI, the presence of hypertension, and the disease history of heart disease and dyslipidemia and sensitivity analyses excluding a subset of participants with incomplete data. RESULTS Of the 2,874 prediabetes included at baseline, 834 participants remained as having prediabetes, 146 progressed to diabetes, and 1,894 regressed to normoglycemia based on ADA criteria with a 4 year follow-up. After multivariate logistics regression analysis, prediabetes with middle (0.67-1.62 mg/L) and high (>1.62 mg/L) hs-CRP levels had an increased incidence of progressing to diabetes compared with prediabetes with low hs-CRP levels (<0.67 mg/L; OR = 1.846, 95%CI: 1.129-3.018; and OR = 1.632, 95%CI: 0.985-2.703, respectively), and the incidence of regressing to normoglycemia decreased (OR = 0.793, 95%CI: 0.645-0.975; and OR = 0.769, 95%CI: 0.623-0.978, respectively). Stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of hs-CRP are associated with a high incidence of regression from prediabetes to normoglycemia and reduced odds of progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Jian Cheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yan‐Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xi‐Yuan Jiang
- Center of OsteoporosisKunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunshanJiangsuChina
| | - Wen‐Yan Ren
- Cambridge‐Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Shu‐Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Fei‐Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Long‐Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
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3
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Cao H, Baranova A, Wei X, Wang C, Zhang F. Bidirectional causal associations between type 2 diabetes and COVID-19. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28100. [PMID: 36029131 PMCID: PMC9538258 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported high comorbidity between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe COVID-19. However, the causality between T2D and COVID-19 has yet to be validated. We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess genetic relationships and potential causal associations between T2D and three COVID-19 outcomes (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and critical COVID-19). Molecular pathways connecting SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 were reconstructed to extract insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the connection. We identified a high genetic overlap between T2D and each COVID-19 outcome (genetic correlations 0.21-0.28). The MR analyses indicated that genetic liability to T2D confers a causal effect on hospitalized COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.12) and critical COVID-19 (1.09, 1.03-1.16), while genetic liability to SARS-CoV-2 infection exerts a causal effect on T2D (1.25, 1.00-1.56). There was suggestive evidence that T2D was associated with an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (1.02, 1.00-1.03), while critical COVID-19 (1.06, 1.00-1.13) and hospitalized COVID-19 (1.09, 0.99-1.19) were associated with an increased risk for T2D. Pathway analysis identified a panel of immunity-related genes that may mediate the links between T2D and COVID-19 at the molecular level. Our study provides robust support for the bidirectional causal associations between T2D and COVID-19. T2D may contribute to amplifying the severity of COVID-19, while the liability to COVID-19 may increase the risk for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems BiologyGeorge Mason UniversityManassasVirginiaUSA,Research Centre for Medical GeneticsMoscowRussia
| | - Xuejuan Wei
- Fengtai District Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center in BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical PsychologyThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Institute of NeuropsychiatryThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Association between CRP polymorphisms and susceptibility to the diabetic nephropathy; A case-control study. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractThe relatively high comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia may suggest a shared biological susceptibility to these twoconditions. Family studies have demonstrated an increased risk of diabetes in unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia, consistent with a heritable susceptibility trait. Linkage analyses have identified several loci that are associated with schizophrenia and some of these, notably those on chromosomes 2p22.1-p13.2 and 6g21-824.1 have also been observed in linkage studies in type 2 diabetes. In addition, the dopamine D5 receptor on chromosome 5 and the tyrosine hydroxylase gene on chromosome 11 have both been suggested as candidate genes in schizophrenia and may also be implicated in susceptibility to poor glycaemic control. In addition, an increased rate of type II diabetes has been observed in some patients treated with antipsychotics. Potential neurochemical substrates of this effect include the histamine H1 receptor, the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor or the β3 adrenoreceptor. However, the search for a genetic basis to the association between diabetes and schizophrenia is still in its infancy, and much further work needs to be performed, including the systematic screening of all confirmed susceptibility loci and quantitative trait locus mapping of glycaemic control.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Comorbidity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Genetic Linkage/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Iatrogenic Disease
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Schizophrenia/drug therapy
- Schizophrenia/epidemiology
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bellivier
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil cedex, France.
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Huang YC, Chen CC, Wang TY, Nguyen HTT, Chen YH, Wu CM, Chang YW, Liao WL, Tsai FJ. C-Reactive Protein Gene Variants and Their Serum Levels in Early Adult-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In Vivo 2019; 33:1685-1690. [PMID: 31471424 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM C-Reactive protein (CRP) is a common marker of inflammation. Elevated CRP levels have been associated with increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate the association of CRP gene polymorphisms with early-onset T2DM and the effect of genetic variants on CRP level. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 948 individuals with early-onset (n=271) or late-onset (n=677) T2DM were enrolled in the study. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene, namely rs3093077, rs2808630, rs1800947, rs11265263, and rs11265265, were selected for genotyping, and CRP levels were measured. RESULTS Genotypic, allelic, and haplotype frequencies of these five SNPs were not significantly different between patients with early- and those with late-onset. T2DM Higher serum CRP levels were independently associated with the C-allele of rs3093077 and T-allele of rs11265265 (p<0.001). Furthermore, the C-allele of rs3093077 was associated with higher CRP level in both early- (p=0.016) and late-onset (p<0.001) T2DM. CONCLUSION CRP gene variants may contribute to the risk of early-onset T2DM by affecting the serum CRP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuen Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Chu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yuan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung Tran The Nguyen
- International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ming Wu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Zaharieva ET, Kamenov ZA, Savov AS. TLR4 polymorphisms seem not to be associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but predispose to diabetic retinopathy; TLR4 polymorphisms in glucose continuum. Endocr Regul 2019; 51:137-144. [PMID: 28858846 DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to type 1 diabetes, the role of the immune and autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms is much less studied in the type 2 diabetes. Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) have a leading role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular damage. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the polymorphisms in TLR4 gene and different stages in the glucose continuum from prediabetes to the type 2 diabetes and chronic microvascular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 113 patients with the type 2 diabetes, 29 participants with prediabetes, and 28 controls. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism, followed by restriction analysis. RESULTS The difference in the genotype frequency for both polymorphisms in patients with the type 2 diabetes or prediabetes compared to that in controls was not significant. Patients with heterozygous genotype of Asp299Gly polymorphism had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (42.9%) than participants with homozygous genotype (9.0%) (OR [95%CI]=7.61 [1.41-41.08]; p=0.018). No association was established for diabetic polyneuropathy and nephropathy. Prevalence of chronic diabetes complications was not related to Thr399Ile polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem not to be associated with the type 2 diabetes and prediabetes but Asp299Gly may contribute to diabetic retinopathy predisposition.
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CRP-level-associated polymorphism rs1205 within the CRP gene is associated with 2-hour glucose level: The SAPPHIRe study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7987. [PMID: 28801571 PMCID: PMC5554245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) encoded by CRP gene is a reflection of systemic inflammation. Many studies associated CRP level with diabetes and glucose levels, but the association of CRP gene with these traits is unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 945 siblings from 330 families collected by the Stanford Asian Pacific Program in Hypertension and Insulin Resistance (SAPPHIRe) to investigate associations between CRP polymorphisms, circulating CRP, diabetes, and glucose levels. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed: rs3093059, rs2794521, rs1417938, rs1800947, and rs1205. The generalized estimating equation approach was used to deal with correlated data within families. CRP level was positively correlated with diabetes prevalence and levels of fasting and 2-hour glucose (each P < 0.008). Alleles C at rs3093059 and G at rs1205 were associated with elevated CRP level (each P < 1.2 × 10−6). Allele C at rs3093059 was associated with fasting glucose (β = 0.20, P = 0.045) and G at rs1205 was associated with 2-hour glucose (β = 0.46, P = 0.00090) post oral glucose tolerance test, but only the latter passed Bonferroni correction. No polymorphism was associated with diabetes. Since 2-hour glucose is an indicator of glucose tolerance, this study indicated CRP gene is associated with glucose intolerance.
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C-reactive protein gene variants associated with recurrent pregnancy loss independent of CRP serum levels: a case-control study. Gene 2015; 569:136-40. [PMID: 26013044 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the association of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) with altered C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels, and genetic variation in CRP gene. This was a retrospective case-control study, involving 275 women with three or more consecutive pregnancy losses, and 290 age-matched control women, who were recruited from outpatient obstetrics/gynecology clinics. CRP serum levels (hs-CRP) were determined by latex-enhanced nephelometry, and CRP genotyping was done by allelic discrimination. Mean serum CRP levels were higher in RPL cases than in control women, and carriage of the (minor) T allele of rs2794520 was associated with significant increase in CRP levels (P=0.017). Minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs7553007 was significantly different between RPL cases and control women, and was associated with reduced risk of RPL after adjusting for BMI and menarche. There was a significant enrichment of minor allele-carrying genotypes of rs1130864 and rs1417938 SNPs, and reduced frequency of minor allele-carrying genotypes of rs876537, rs2794520, and rs7553007 in RPL cases, thus assigning RPL-susceptible and -protective nature to these genotypes, respectively. Carriage of (minor) T allele of only rs2794520 was associated with significant increase in CRP levels. CRP variants that influenced circulating CRP levels in chronic inflammatory conditions are also associated with RPL, pointing to CRP as RPL candidate gene.
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Ghaffari MA, Askari Sede S, Rashtchizadeh N, Mohammadzadeh G, Majidi S. Association of CRP gene polymorphism with CRP levels and Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4:133-9. [PMID: 25337466 PMCID: PMC4204038 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2014.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods: We performed coronary angiography for 308 T2DM patients and classified them into two groups: T2DM with CAD and T2DM without CAD. All patients were from Ahvaz, Iran. serum levels of CRP, glucose and lipid profile were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score.
Results: The GG genotype of SNP rs279421 was associated with the increased risk of CAD (OR= 2.38; 95% CI: 1.12- 5.8; p= 0.02) and CA, TT, TA genotypes and A allele of SNP rs3091244 and GA genotypes and A allele of SNP rs3093062 were significantly associated with increased CRP levels. None of genotypes or alleles was associated with Gensini score. We found that the haplotype 7 (AGCG) was associated with decreased risk of CAD (OR= 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.66; p= 0.017) and the Gensini score was correlated with increased levels of CRP, only in CAD group.
Conclusion: Although genetic polymorphisms were influenced on serum RP levels, none of the alleles and genotypes raising or falling C-reactive protein levels was consistently associated with an increased prevalence of CAD or protected from that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Askari Sede
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Majidi
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kotlęga D, Białecka M, Kurzawski M, Droździk M, Ciećwież S, Gołąb-Janowska M, Nowacki P. Risk factors of stroke and −717A>G (rs2794521) CRP gene polymorphism among stroke patients in West Pomerania province of Poland. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2014; 48:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K, Uemura M, Li Y, Wada K, Yamashita K, Kawaguchi L, Toyoshima H, Aoyama A. Positive association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese workers: 6-year follow-up. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013; 29:398-405. [PMID: 23463453 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation, may be involved in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether inflammation precedes development of T2DM independent of cigarette smoking and obesity remains to be confirmed. METHODS We studied 4213 civil servants in a local government in Japan aged 35-66 years at baseline in 2002, who donated blood samples and were followed 6 years. Hazard ratios (HR) of T2DM according to the hs-CRP quartiles [range Q1: 0.02-0.18 (reference), Q2: 0.18-0.33, Q3: 0.33-0.67 and Q4: 0.67-9.62 mg/L) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking status (current, past and never), number of cigarettes per day, physical activity, family history of diabetes (Model 1) and variables in Model 1 + glucose (Model 2). RESULTS The geometric mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] of hs-CRP was 0.36 mg/L (0.34-0.37). During the follow-up, 156 new T2DM cases were confirmed. In total sample, Model 2 HRs (95% CIs) for hs-CRP quartiles Q2-Q4 compared with Q1 were 0.69 (0.36-1.26), 1.47 (0.91-2.39) and 1.78 (1.10-2.88), respectively (p for linear trend = 0.014). Stratified analysis revealed that a statistically significant association was observed only in normal weight non-current smokers with Model 2 HRs (CIs) being 0.79 (0.29-2.17), 2.63 (1.25-5.56) and 3.19 (1.49-6.86) for Q2-Q4 compared with Q1, respectively (p for linear trend = 0.0006). The relationship did not change materially after further adjusting for log-homeostasis model assessment or exclusion of past smokers. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that higher hs-CRP itself or existence of chronic systemic inflammation precedes onset of T2DM independent of obesity and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Wang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lam VKL, Ma RCW, Lee HM, Hu C, Park KS, Furuta H, Wang Y, Tam CHT, Sim X, Ng DPK, Liu J, Wong TY, Tai ES, Morris AP, Tang NLS, Woo J, Leung PC, Kong APS, Ozaki R, Jia WP, Lee HK, Nanjo K, Xu G, Ng MCY, So WY, Chan JCN. Genetic associations of type 2 diabetes with islet amyloid polypeptide processing and degrading pathways in asian populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62378. [PMID: 23776430 PMCID: PMC3679113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by beta cell dysfunctions. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is highly conserved and co-secreted with insulin with over 40% of autopsy cases of T2D showing islet amyloid formation due to IAPP aggregation. Dysregulation in IAPP processing, stabilization and degradation can cause excessive oligomerization with beta cell toxicity. Previous studies examining genetic associations of pathways implicated in IAPP metabolism have yielded conflicting results due to small sample size, insufficient interrogation of gene structure and gene-gene interactions. In this multi-staged study, we screened 89 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 candidate genes implicated in IAPP metabolism and tested for independent and joint associations with T2D and beta cell dysfunctions. Positive signals in the stage-1 were confirmed by de novo and in silico analysis in a multi-centre unrelated case-control cohort. We examined the association of significant SNPs with quantitative traits in a subset of controls and performed bioinformatics and relevant functional analyses. Amongst the tag SNPs, rs1583645 in carboxypeptidase E (CPE) and rs6583813 in insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) were associated with 1.09 to 1.28 fold increased risk of T2D (PMeta = 9.4×10−3 and 0.02 respectively) in a meta-analysis of East Asians. Using genetic risk scores (GRS) with each risk variant scoring 1, subjects with GRS≥3 (8.2% of the cohort) had 56% higher risk of T2D than those with GRS = 0 (P = 0.01). In a subcohort of control subjects, plasma IAPP increased and beta cell function index declined with GRS (P = 0.008 and 0.03 respectively). Bioinformatics and functional analyses of CPE rs1583645 predicted regulatory elements for chromatin modification and transcription factors, suggesting differential DNA-protein interactions and gene expression. Taken together, these results support the importance of dysregulation of IAPP metabolism in T2D in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kwok Lim Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiroto Furuta
- First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Claudia Ha Ting Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Sim
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Peng-Keat Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nelson Leung Sang Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Risa Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kishio Nanjo
- First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Maggie Chor Yin Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Juliana Chung Ngor Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Haplotypes in the CRP gene associated with increased BMI and levels of CRP in subjects with type 2 diabetes or obesity from Southwestern Mexico. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:982683. [PMID: 23049543 PMCID: PMC3463182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/982683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective. We evaluated the association between four polymorphisms in the CRP gene with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and risk score of coronary heart disease. Methods. We studied 402 individuals and classified them into four groups: healthy, obese, T2D obese, and T2D without obesity, from Guerrero, Southwestern Mexico. Blood levels of CRP, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and leukocytes were measured. Genotyping was performed by PCR/RFLP, and the risk score for coronary heart disease was determined by the Framingham's methodology. Results. The TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 was associated with increased body mass index and T2D patients with obesity. We found that the haplotype 2 (TGAG) was associated with increased levels of CRP (β = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5; P = 0.005) and haplotype 7 (TGGG) with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.3; P < 0.001). The risk score for coronary heart disease was associated with increased levels of CRP, but not with any polymorphism or haplotype. Conclusions. The association between the TT genotype of SNP rs1130864 with obesity and the haplotype 7 with BMI may explain how obesity and genetic predisposition increase the risk of diseases such as T2D in the population of Southwestern Mexico.
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Tabassum R, Mahajan A, Dwivedi OP, Chauhan G, Spurgeon CJ, Kumar MVK, Ghosh S, Madhu SV, Mathur SK, Chandak GR, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Common variants of SLAMF1 and ITLN1 on 1q21 are associated with type 2 diabetes in Indian population. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:184-90. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Study of C-reactive protein and myocardial infarction in the Indian population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2011; 27:74-82. [PMID: 23277716 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-011-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To analyse the association of high sensitivity C-reactive (hsCRP) protein levels and -717A/G single nucleotide polymorphism of CRP with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Indian population. Study population included 100 MI cases wherein 32 patients had experienced previous MI (MI-Group-1), 68 MI cases were recruited at presentation (MI-Group-2) and equal number of age and gender matched healthy individuals. hsCRP levels were determined by ELISA and genotyping of -717A/G was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction digestion method. The -717A/G genotypes did not influence hsCRP level and their distribution did not differ between groups. However, in the present study hsCRP demonstrated significant correlation with BMI in controls of both the genders and with triglycerides in females of AMI at presentation who otherwise are with low risk profile. Identifying traditional risk factors associated with inflammation may help in controlling the acute event.
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Papaoikonomou S, Tousoulis D, Tentolouris N, Papadogiannis D, Miliou A, Hatzis G, Papageorgiou N, Siasos G, Tsioufis C, Latsios G, Stefanadis C. Assessment of the effects of the A3872G polymorphism on the C-reactive protein gene in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Int J Cardiol 2011; 151:243-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chan KHK, Brennan K, You NCY, Lu X, Song Y, Hsu YH, Chaudhuri G, Nathan L, Tinker L, Liu S. Common variations in the genes encoding C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6, and the risk of clinical diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Clin Chem 2010; 57:317-25. [PMID: 21149504 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.154526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with an increased risk of diabetes. METHODS To examine the roles of genetic variation in the genes encoding CRP, TNF- α, and IL-6 in the development of diabetes, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We followed 82 069 postmenopausal women (50-79 years of age) with no history of diabetes for incident diabetes for a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. We identified 1584 cases and matched them with 2198 controls with respect to age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, and length of follow-up. We genotyped 13 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) across 2.3 kb of the CRP (C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related) gene, 16 tSNPs across 2.8 kb of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) gene, and 14 tSNPs across 4.8 kb of the IL6 [interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)] gene. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α receptor 2 (TNF-α-R2) and IL-6 were measured. RESULTS After adjusting for matching factors, confounding variables, and multiple comparisons, we found 8 variants in the TNF gene to be associated with plasma TNF-α-R2 concentrations in white women (q < 0.05). After adjusting for multiple comparisons (q > 0.05), we found no association of any IL6 gene variant with plasma IL-6 concentration, nor did we find any significant associations between any SNPs among these 3 genes and diabetes risk (q > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found modest associations between TNF variants and circulating concentrations of TNF-α-R2. Common variants of the CRP, TNF, and IL6 genes were not significantly associated with risk of clinical diabetes in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-hang K Chan
- Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kleber ME, Grammer TB, Renner W, März W. Effect of the rs2259816 polymorphism in the HNF1A gene on circulating levels of c-reactive protein and coronary artery disease (the ludwigshafen risk and cardiovascular health study). BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:157. [PMID: 21062467 PMCID: PMC2994837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein is a well established marker of inflammation and has been used to predict future cardiovascular disease. It is still controversial if it plays an active role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Recently, polymorphisms in the gene for HNF1α have been linked to the levels of C-reactive protein and coronary artery disease. Methods We investigated the association of the rs2259816 polymorphism in the HNF1A gene with the circulating level of C-reactive protein and the hazard of coronary artery disease in the LURIC Study cohort. Results Compared to CC homozygotes, the level of C-reactive protein was decreased in carriers of at least one A-allele. Each A-allele decreased CRP by approximately 15%. The odds ratio for coronary artery disease was only very slightly increased in carriers of the A-allele and this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions In the LURIC Study cohort the A-allele of rs2259816 is associated with decreased CRP but not with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus E Kleber
- Synlab Centre of Laboratory Diagnostics, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Tabák AG, Kivimäki M, Brunner EJ, Lowe GD, Jokela M, Akbaraly TN, Singh-Manoux A, Ferrie JE, Witte DR. Changes in C-reactive protein levels before type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular death: the Whitehall II study. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:89-95. [PMID: 20573938 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective studies show that high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels predict diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but changes in this marker preceding disease onset are not well characterized. This study describes CRP trajectories prior to type 2 diabetes onset and fatal CVD. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 7350 British civil servants (70% male, mean age 51 years), 558 incident type 2 diabetes cases (75-g oral glucose tolerance test, doctor's diagnosis, or self-report) and 125 certified fatal cardiovascular events were observed during a median follow-up of >14 years. Trajectories of logarithmically transformed CRP levels prior to incident diabetes or fatal cardiovascular event (cases), or the end of follow-up (controls) were calculated using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Baseline CRP levels were higher among participants who developed diabetes (median (interquartile range) 1.44 (2.39) vs 0.78 (1.21) mg/l) or fatal CVD (1.49 (2.47) vs 0.84 (1.30) mg/l) compared with controls (both P<0.0001). In models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and employment grade, CRP levels increased with time among both incident diabetes cases and controls (P<0.0001), but this increase was less steep for cases group (P<0.05). CRP levels followed increasing linear trajectories in fatal cardiovascular cases and controls (P<0.0001) with no slope difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS CRP levels were higher among those who subsequently developed diabetes or died from CVD. For type 2 diabetes, age-related increase in CRP levels was less steep in the cases group than in controls, whereas for fatal CVD these trajectories were parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6 BT, UK.
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Mölkänen T, Rostila A, Ruotsalainen E, Alanne M, Perola M, Järvinen A. Genetic polymorphism of the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene and a deep infection focus determine maximal serum CRP level in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:1131-7. [PMID: 20552244 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used in early detection of sepsis or organ dysfunction. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene are shown to be associated with variability of basal CRP. To clarify the effect of these SNPs to CRP response in systemic infections, we compared genetic and clinical data on patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Six SNPs in the CRP gene region (rs2794521, rs30912449, rs1800947, rs1130864, rs1205 and rs3093075) were genotyped in 145 patients and analyzed for associations with CRP and various clinical outcomes. We found that the rare minor A-allele of triallelic SNP rs30912449 (C > T > A) and presence of a deep infection focus were strongly associated to the higher maximal CRP during the first week of SAB. Median of the maximal CRP in patients who had the A-minor allele was 282 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR, defined as the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile], 169 mg/L) but only 179 mg/L (IQR, 148 mg/L) in patients without this allele (P = 0.004), and CRP in patients who had deep infection focus was higher 208 mg/L (IQR, 147 mg/L) than in other patients 114 mg/L (IQR, 121 mg/l) (P < 0.0001). Mortality, degree of leucocytosis, time to defervescence or number of deep infections were not affected by CRP gene SNPs. The maximal CRP during the first week in SAB was partly determined by variation in the CRP gene and partly by presence of deep infection focus. This finding suggests cautiousness in interpreting exceptionally high CRPs from SAB patients and comparison between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mölkänen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Badawi A, Klip A, Haddad P, Cole DEC, Bailo BG, El-Sohemy A, Karmali M. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammation: Prospects for biomarkers of risk and nutritional intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2010; 3:173-86. [PMID: 21437087 PMCID: PMC3047967 DOI: 10.2147/dmsott.s9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a significant health problem worldwide. Active disease is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation resulting in part from the activation of the innate immune system. In obesity, this activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 that block major anabolic cascades downstream of insulin signaling and thus disrupt insulin homeostasis and action. Cytokines also trigger the production of acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, serum amyloid-A, and haptoglobin. The elevated synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins (inflammatory network) characterizes the early (or pre-clinical) stages of T2DM and exhibits a graded increase with the disease progression. Current evidence suggests that understanding inflammatory networks can point to new biomarkers that may permit capturing the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Such biomarkers have a significant public health potential in the prediction of disease occurrence beyond risk factors presently monitored, such as family history, lifestyle assessment and standard clinical chemistry profiles. Furthermore, inflammatory markers may assist in the evaluation of novel strategies for prevention, particularly in relation to micronutrients. This review discusses the current knowledge linking T2DM risk to inflammatory signaling pathways interacting with the innate immunity system and the prospect of inflammatory markers serving as molecular targets for prevention and/or biomarkers for early risk prediction of T2DM. The potential of micronutrients replenishment to improve insulin action by attenuating inflammation is also evaluated in the context of the public health relevance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Badawi
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Correspondence: Alaa Badawi, Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, 11th Floor, Toronto, ON M5V 3L7, Canada, Email
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David EC Cole
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bibiana Garcia Bailo
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed Karmali
- Office for Biotechnology, Genomics and Population Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Andersson N, Strandberg L, Nilsson S, Adamovic S, Karlsson MK, Ljunggren O, Mellström D, Lane NE, Zmuda JM, Nielsen C, Orwoll E, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO. A variant near the interleukin-6 gene is associated with fat mass in Caucasian men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1011-9. [PMID: 20157327 PMCID: PMC2885503 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Context Regulation of fat mass appears to be associated with immune functions. Studies of knockout mice show that endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 can suppress mature-onset obesity. Objective To systematically investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) genes with body fat mass, in support for our hypothesis that variants of these genes can be associated with obesity. Design and Study Subjects The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18-20 years old men (n=1 049), from the Gothenburg area (Sweden). Major findings were confirmed in two additional cohorts consisting of elderly men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden (n=2 851) and MrOS US (n=5 611) multicenter population-based studies. Main Outcome The genotype distributions and their association with fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results Out of 18 evaluated tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL6 and IL6R genes, a recently identified SNP rs10242595 G/A [minor allele frequency (MAF) = 29%] 3′ of the IL6 gene was negatively associated with the primary outcome total body fat mass (effect size -0.11 standard deviation (SD) units/A allele, P=0.02). This negative association with fat mass was also confirmed in the combined MrOS Sweden and MrOS US cohorts (effect size -0.05 SD units/A allele; P=0.002). When all three cohorts were combined (n= 8 927, Caucasian subjects), rs10242595*A showed a negative association with total body fat mass (effect size -0.05 SD units/A allele, P<0.0002). Furthermore, the rs10242595*A was associated with low body mass index [(BMI, effect size -0.03, P<0.001)] and smaller regional fat masses. None of the other SNPs investigated in the GOOD study were reproducibly associated with body fat. Conclusions The IL6 gene polymorphism rs10242595*A is associated with decreased fat mass in three combined cohorts of 8 927 Caucasian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andersson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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C-reactive Protein −717C>T Genetic Polymorphism Associates with Esophagectomy-induced Stress Hyperglycemia. World J Surg 2010; 34:1001-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Motoyama S, Miura M, Hinai Y, Maruyama K, Usami S, Nakatsu T, Saito H, Minamiya Y, Suzuki T, Ogawa JI. C-Reactive Protein 1059G>CGenetic Polymorphism Influences Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels after Esophagectomy in Patients with Thoracic Esophageal Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2009; 209:477-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.06.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Motoyama S, Miura M, Hinai Y, Maruyama K, Usami S, Saito H, Minamiya Y, Satoh S, Murata K, Suzuki T, Ogawa JI. CRP Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:2479-2485. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Bucova M, Lietava J, Penz P, Mrazek F, Petrkova J, Bernadic M, Petrek M. Association of MCP-1 -2518 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism with the serum level of CRP in Slovak patients with ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:390951. [PMID: 19639050 PMCID: PMC2715824 DOI: 10.1155/2009/390951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work was to find if MCP-1 -2518 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences somehow the serum concentrations of high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) both in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), and hypertension (HT) and in control group of healthy subjects. Totally, 263 patients with the diagnosis of IHD, out of them 89 with MI, 145 with AP, 205 with HT, and also 67 healthy subjects were included in the study. First, we estimated the serum levels of hsCRP. We found that patients with AP had significantly higher serum level of hsCRP than both control group of healthy subjects (P = .043) and IHD patients without AP (P = .026). The presence of the mutant G allele statistically significantly correlated with the higher serum levels of hsCRP in patients with IHD (P = .016), AP (P = .004), and HT (P = .013). Higher correlations were found in men (AP: P = .019; HT: P = .047). In all cases the highest levels of hsCRP were found both in patients and healthy controls with homozygous GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bucova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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C-reactive protein polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in the Chinese Han population. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:291-8. [PMID: 19262552 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) has been strongly correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with serum CRP levels. In this study, we assessed the genetic association between SNPs within the CRP gene and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the Han Chinese population. METHODS This study comprises 564 ischemic stroke patients, 220 hemorrhagic stroke patients and 564 controls from the ethnic Han Chinese population in Wuhan. Four CRP SNPs, -757A>G (rs3093059), -717A>G (rs2794521), -286C>T>A (rs3091244) and +2147C>T (rs1205), were genotyped from patients using TaqMan assays. RESULTS The A allele frequency for the -717A>G polymorphism was significant higher in controls than in ischemic stroke patients (P=0.037), after adjustment for traditional risk factors (odds ratio 0.28; 95% CI 0.12-0.65; P=0.003), suggesting a protective effect for this allele against ischemic stroke. Haplotype analysis showed that the H3 (G-C-C) haplotype conferred a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio 1.052, 95% CI 1.001-1.106: P=0.047). Neither CRP genotypes nor haplotypes showed an association with hemorrhagic stroke. However, the frequency for haplotype H5 (A-T-C) was significantly higher in ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic stroke patients (P=0.0003). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the CRP gene -717A allele confers a protective effect against ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the H3 haplotype (G-C-C) is an independent risk marker for ischemic stroke, whereas the H5 haplotype (A-T-C) can be used as a prognostic marker of hemorrhagic stroke.
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Pessi T, Eklund C, Huhtala H, Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Lehtimäki T, Hurme M. CRPand FCGR2Agenes have an epistatic effect on carotid artery intima-media thickness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:39-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Danescu LG, Levy S, Levy J. Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2009; 35:11-7. [PMID: 18979202 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the physiological role of the vitamin-D system, in particular its potential effects on inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as on insulin secretion and possibly also on insulin resistance, increased the interest in its potential role in prevention and control of the diabetic condition, both type-1 and -2 diabetes. Both these conditions are associated with inflammation and type-1 diabetes also with an autoimmune pathology. Indeed, animal and human studies support the notion that adequate vitamin-D supplementation may decrease the incidence of type-1 and possibly also of type-2 diabetes mellitus and may improve the metabolic control in the diabetes state. However, the exact mechanisms by which vitamin-D and calcium supplementation exert their beneficial effects are not clear and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu G Danescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA
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31
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Lee CC, You NCY, Song Y, Hsu YH, Manson J, Nathan L, Tinker L, Liu S. Relation of genetic variation in the gene coding for C-reactive protein with its plasma protein concentrations: findings from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort. Clin Chem 2008; 55:351-60. [PMID: 19095725 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although common genetic variants of the CRP gene (C-reactive protein, pentraxin related) have been associated with plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in several cohorts of European Americans, relatively few studies have comprehensively assessed this association in well-characterized multiethnic populations. METHODS In a case-control study of diabetes nested in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort, we comprehensively evaluated the association of genetic variation in CRP with plasma hsCRP concentrations. Thirteen haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) were identified and subsequently genotyped in 3782 postmenopausal women. RESULTS The allele frequencies for these tSNPs and the haplotype blocks defined by these tSNPs varied significantly by ethnic group (P < 0.0001). Consistent with prior studies of whites, rs3093068, rs1130864, and rs1417938 were significantly associated with higher hsCRP concentrations (geometric-mean increase per minor-allele change, 1.20-1.25 mg/L), and rs1205 and rs1800947 were significantly associated with lower hsCRP values (decrease of 1.28-1.48 mg/L). The associations with rs3093068 and rs1205 appeared to be stronger in Asians/Pacific Islanders than in whites (geometric-mean increase, 1.65 mg/L vs 1.25 mg/L, respectively). Minor alleles at rs3093075 and rs3093059 were associated with substantially increased hsCRP concentrations, whereas rs1800947 was associated with lower hsCRP values. All haplotype-based association results tended to be consistent with the associations seen with single CRP SNPs. CONCLUSIONS Our large multiethnic case-control study of postmenopausal women provides evidence that common genetic variants in the CRP gene are substantially associated with plasma hsCRP concentrations in this case-control subcohort. The data also suggest ethnic variations in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy C Lee
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Relationships between disease activity and serum and fecal biomarkers in patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1218-24. [PMID: 18799360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The quantitative relationships between instruments and assays that measure clinical, endoscopic, and biologic disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease are poorly characterized. This study evaluated the correlations between the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (both phenotype and genotype) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin. METHODS A total of 164 patients with Crohn's disease undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled. The CDAI and SES-CD scores, serum hsCRP and IL-6, CRP and IL-6 genotypes, and fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin were measured. RESULTS There were no significant associations between the CDAI and SES-CD scores (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.15) or between the CDAI scores and the serum concentrations of hsCRP and IL-6, or the fecal concentrations of calprotectin and lactoferrin. In contrast, the serum hsCRP and IL-6 concentrations and the fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with more severe endoscopic disease activity (SES-CD score > 7 points) (P < .001 for all comparisons). The CRP 717 mutant homozygote and heterozygote status was associated with significantly lower concentrations of hsCRP (P = .02). There was a trend toward higher hsCRP concentrations in the CRP 286 heterozygous adenine mutant-type mutant genotype, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Serum and fecal biomarker concentrations are associated with endoscopic but not clinical disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. Stimulated hsCRP concentration is affected significantly by select genetic polymorphisms.
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Wen W, Cai Q, Xiang YB, Xu WH, Ruan ZX, Cheng J, Zheng W, Shu XO. The modifying effect of C-reactive protein gene polymorphisms on the association between central obesity and endometrial cancer risk. Cancer 2008; 112:2409-16. [PMID: 18383516 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer. Obesity, particularly central obesity, is considered as a systemic inflammatory condition and is related strongly to insulin resistance. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most recognized biologic marker of chronic systematic inflammation, and it is conceivable that the CRP gene may work together with obesity in the development of endometrial cancer. METHODS On the basis of a population-based case-control study in a Chinese population, the authors obtained obesity measurements and data on 6 CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1046 patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer (cases) and from 1035 age frequency-matched controls. The association of the CRP SNPs with endometrial cancer risk and their modification on the association between obesity and endometrial cancer risk were evaluated. RESULTS Although CRP SNPs alone were not associated with endometrial cancer, the associations of endometrial cancer with central obesity, measured as the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference, seemed to be stronger in women who were homozygous for the major allele of reference SNP (rs)1130864 (cytidine [C]/C) than in women who had the C/thymidine (T) and T/T genotypes (interaction test: P = .013 for WHR; P = .083 for waist circumference). When the women were stratified further by menopausal status, the observed interactions persisted mainly in premenopausal women (interaction test: P < .001 for WHR; P = .002 for waist circumference). CONCLUSIONS The current results suggested that, in the Chinese population that was studied, obesity-related insulin resistance and proinflammatory effects may play an important role in endometrial cancer risk, and these effects were modified significantly by the CRP SNP rs1130864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wen
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA.
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Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M, Witte DR, Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Cooper JA, Miller M, Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Casas JP, Shah T, Humphries SE, Hingorani AD, Marmot MG, Timpson NJ, Kumari M. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and diabetes--Mendelian randomization using CRP haplotypes points upstream. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e155. [PMID: 18700811 PMCID: PMC2504484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raised C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. According to the Mendelian randomization method, the association is likely to be causal if genetic variants that affect CRP level are associated with markers of diabetes development and diabetes. Our objective was to examine the nature of the association between CRP phenotype and diabetes development using CRP haplotypes as instrumental variables. METHODS AND FINDINGS We genotyped three tagging SNPs (CRP + 2302G > A; CRP + 1444T > C; CRP + 4899T > G) in the CRP gene and measured serum CRP in 5,274 men and women at mean ages 49 and 61 y (Whitehall II Study). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at age 61 y. Diabetes was ascertained by glucose tolerance test and self-report. Common major haplotypes were strongly associated with serum CRP levels, but unrelated to obesity, blood pressure, and socioeconomic position, which may confound the association between CRP and diabetes risk. Serum CRP was associated with these potential confounding factors. After adjustment for age and sex, baseline serum CRP was associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.39 [95% confidence interval 1.29-1.51], HOMA-IR, and HbA1c, but the associations were considerably attenuated on adjustment for potential confounding factors. In contrast, CRP haplotypes were not associated with HOMA-IR or HbA1c (p = 0.52-0.92). The associations of CRP with HOMA-IR and HbA1c were all null when examined using instrumental variables analysis, with genetic variants as the instrument for serum CRP. Instrumental variables estimates differed from the directly observed associations (p = 0.007-0.11). Pooled analysis of CRP haplotypes and diabetes in Whitehall II and Northwick Park Heart Study II produced null findings (p = 0.25-0.88). Analyses based on the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (1,923 diabetes cases, 2,932 controls) using three SNPs in tight linkage disequilibrium with our tagging SNPs also demonstrated null associations. CONCLUSIONS Observed associations between serum CRP and insulin resistance, glycemia, and diabetes are likely to be noncausal. Inflammation may play a causal role via upstream effectors rather than the downstream marker CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Miller
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. O Lowe
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Rumley
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Casas
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Shah
- University College London Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Grammer TB, März W, Renner W, Böhm BO, Hoffmann MM. C-reactive protein genotypes associated with circulating C-reactive protein but not with angiographic coronary artery disease: the LURIC study. Eur Heart J 2008; 30:170-82. [PMID: 18499652 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating C-reactive protein is associated with future cardiovascular events. The causal role of C-reactive protein in the development of atherosclerosis remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the association between three genetic polymorphisms (PM) (-717C>T, rs2794521; +1059G>C, rs1800947; +1444C>T, rs1130864) at the C-reactive protein locus and related haplotypes with both circulating C-reactive protein and angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD). The concentration of C-reactive protein was similar in patients with stable CAD and in controls, but increased in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. In models adjusting for the main confounding variables, the minor alleles of the +1059G>C (rs1800947) and the +1444C>T PM (rs1130864) were associated with decreased and increased concentrations of C-reactive protein, respectively. Haplotypes 1 and 4 decreased, and haplotype 2 increased C-reactive protein, whereas haplotype 3 had no appreciable effect. None of the genetic variants affecting circulating C-reactive protein was consistently associated with the prevalence of angiographic CAD. CONCLUSION A causal role of C-reactive protein in the development of CAD would require that genetic PM resulting in long-term modulation of the concentration of C-reactive protein be themselves associated with CAD. We were not able to detect such a relationship, which can be attributed to either a very small genetic effect size or the relationship between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular events may reflect confounding and reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja B Grammer
- Synlab Centre of Laboratory Diagnostics Heidelberg, PO Box 10 47 80, D-69037 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zee RYL, Germer S, Thomas A, Raji A, Rhees B, Ridker PM, Lindpaintner K, Williams GH, Nathan DM, Martin M. C-reactive protein gene variation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 197:931-6. [PMID: 17900590 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP) gene variation, in particular an rs2794521 variant was recently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pima Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present investigation was conducted to replicate this previous association, and to further examine the potential association of a set of common CRP gene variants with the prevalence of T2DM in a case-control investigation. A total of 629 T2DM cases (476 Whites, and 153 Blacks), and 579 controls (481 Whites, and 98 Blacks) were examined. Seven CRP variants were evaluated: rs3093059, rs2794521, rs3091244, rs1417938, rs1800947, rs1130864, and rs1205. RESULTS Using a marker-by-marker logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, smoking, gender, and body mass index, we found an association of rs3093059 (recessive: OR, 7.01; 95% CI, 1.16-42.22; p=0.03) with T2DM in the white study population, and an association, albeit not statistically significant, of rs2794521 with T2DM in the Black study population. Moreover, further analysis using a haplotype-based analysis showed no evidence for an association of the haplotypes tested with T2DM. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to examine the possible involvement of C-reactive protein gene variation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y L Zee
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Hage FG, Szalai AJ. C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms, C-Reactive Protein Blood Levels, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:1115-22. [PMID: 17868801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a blood marker of inflammation and a hallmark of the acute-phase response, has been shown to be a powerful and specific predictor of cardiovascular event risk in populations of otherwise healthy persons. Here we review what is known about CRP gene polymorphisms, discuss how these might affect the epidemiology of CRP and our understanding of CRP's contribution to cardiovascular disease, and examine their potential clinical usefulness. Evidence shows that certain subtle variations in the CRP gene sequence, mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms, predictably and strongly influence the blood level of CRP. Some of these variations are associated with clinical correlates of cardiovascular disease. If future studies can establish with certainty that CRP influences cardiovascular biology, then CRP gene profiling could have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi G Hage
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Abstract
The unbiased approach of genome-wide linkage analysis has shown evidence for linkage of type 2 diabetes mellitus to the chromosome 1q21-25 region in at least eight independent studies. More than 26 candidate genes have already been evaluated, but to date none explain the evidence for linkage in this gene-dense region. Considerable data suggest that multiple genes account for this linkage result. The search for these genes is now the focus of an international consortium of groups reporting linkage of type 2 diabetes to this region of chromosome 1q21-q25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Das
- John L. McClellan Veterans Hospital, Endocrinology 111J-1/LR, 4301 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Dehghan A, Kardys I, de Maat MPM, Uitterlinden AG, Sijbrands EJG, Bootsma AH, Stijnen T, Hofman A, Schram MT, Witteman JCM. Genetic variation, C-reactive protein levels, and incidence of diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:872-8. [PMID: 17327459 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes, but whether CRP has a causal role is not yet clear. We examined the association in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. The association of baseline serum CRP and incident diabetes during follow-up was investigated, and a meta-analysis was conducted on the BMI-adjusted relation of CRP and diabetes. Furthermore, the association of CRP haplotypes with serum CRP and risk of diabetes was assessed. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for diabetes was 1.41 (95% CI 1.29-1.54) per 1 SD increase in natural logarithm of CRP, and it was 1.88, 2.16, and 2.83 for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of CRP, respectively, compared with the first quartile. The risk estimates attenuated but remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for obesity indexes, which agreed with the results of the meta-analysis. The most common genetic haplotype was associated with a significantly lower CRP level compared with the three other haplotypes. The risk of diabetes was significantly higher in the haplotype with the highest serum CRP level compared with the most common haplotype (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96). These findings support the hypothesis that serum CRP enhances the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Ben-Assayag E, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Bova I, Berliner S, Shopin L, Peretz H, Usher S, Shapira I, Bornstein NM. Triggered C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and the CRP gene −717A>G polymorphism in acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:315-20. [PMID: 17355554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) increases following an acute stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), but the increment level varies among patients. We analyzed CRP concentrations during an acute stroke/TIA in relation to the CRP gene -717A>G polymorphism. Six months following an acute ischemic stroke/TIA, basal concentrations of CRP were measured in 507 controls and 219 patients and were found to be unassociated with the CRP -717A>G polymorphism. However, during the acute phase of stroke/TIA, individuals with the AG/GG genotype had significantly elevated CRP concentrations as opposed to those with the AA genotype (2.02 +/- 1.59 vs. 1.73 +/- 1.69 mg/l, P = 0.027). In addition, significant 3.22-fold increments in CRP concentrations was noted in individuals carrying the -717G allele when comparing the acute phase with the basal state of each patient and averaging the results. CRP -717A>G polymorphism is associated with triggered CRP concentrations during acute stroke/TIA. These findings might shed more light on the mechanisms of CRP elevation in acute ischemic stroke/TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ben-Assayag
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Eklund C, Huttunen R, Syrjänen J, Laine J, Vuento R, Hurme M. Polymorphism of the C-reactive protein gene is associated with mortality in bacteraemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 38:1069-73. [PMID: 17148079 DOI: 10.1080/00365540600978922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important molecule in the defence against bacterial infections. To discover if variation in the CRP gene is associated with clinical outcome of bacteraemia, we investigated 147 microbiologically verified bacteraemia patients (mean age 59 y, range 19-93 y) and determined whether CRP -717A>G, +1059G>C or +1444C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with clinical outcome of bacteraemia and/or CRP concentration caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci or Escherichia coli. The patients were genotyped for CRP gene polymorphisms, CRP was measured and clinical outcomes were recorded. The CRP -717A>G, a promoter region polymorphism was strongly associated with mortality from Streptococcus pneumoniae but did not correlate with plasma CRP concentration. These results suggest that mortality from Streptococcus pneumoniae may be associated with polymorphism of the promoter region of the CRP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carita Eklund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere Medical School, Finland.
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Pereira FO, Frode TS, Medeiros YS. Evaluation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 soluble receptor, nitric oxide metabolites, and lipids as inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2006:39062. [PMID: 16864902 PMCID: PMC1570394 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/39062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide
metabolites (NOx), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), lowdensity
lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides) between control group (nondiabetic subjects) and overweight type 2
DM subjects. To restrict the influence of variables that could interfere in the interpretation of data, subjects with obesity and/or
acute or chronic inflammatory disease, haemoglobinopathies, recent use of antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and trauma were
excluded. Type 2 DM patients (n = 39; age 53.3 ± 9.0 years; median glycated haemoglobin A1c < 8%) presented higher
levels of TNF-α, triglycerides (P < .01), NOx and sIL-2R (P < .05) than control group (n = 28; age 39.7 ± 14.1 years). CRP, LDL-cholesterol,
total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol did not differ among groups. Diabetic women
(n = 21) had higher levels of TNF-α, total
cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol than diabetic
men (n = 18) (P < .05), but there were no differences among
sexes in the control group. This study indicates that increased level of proinflammatory markers occurs in type 2 DM even in the
absence of obesity and marked hyperglycaemia, confirming that the inflammation course of the atherosclerotic process is more
severe in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Ozorio Pereira
- Diabetes Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, 88020-30 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- *Flávia Ozorio Pereira:
| | - Tânia Silvia Frode
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Sciences, and Health Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Santos Medeiros
- Diabetes Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, 88020-30 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900 Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Suk Danik J, Chasman DI, Cannon CP, Miller DT, Zee RYL, Kozlowski P, Kwiatkowski DJ, Ridker PM. Influence of genetic variation in the C-reactive protein gene on the inflammatory response during and after acute coronary ischemia. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:705-16. [PMID: 17044845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess whether common genetic variants within the C-reactive protein gene (CRP) are related to the degree of acute rise in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). While polymorphisms within CRP are associated with basal CRP levels in healthy men and women, less is known about the relationship of such genetic variants and the degree of CRP rise during and after acute ischemia. Plasma CRP is associated with increased rates of recurrent coronary events. We evaluated seven common genetic variants within CRP and assessed their relationship to the degree of rise in CRP levels immediately following an acute coronary syndrome in 1827 European American patients. Variants in the putative promoter region, -757T > C and -286C > T > A, were associated with the highest CRP elevations after ACS. Patients with two copies of the A allele of SNP -286C > T > A had median CRP values of 76.6 mg/L, compared to 11.1 mg/L in patients with no copies of the rare variant (p-value <0.0001), post ACS. The lowest CRP values were found for patients with minor alleles of the exonic 1059G > C and the 3'untranslated region 1846G > A SNPs. For example, patients homozygous for the minor allele of 1059G > C had 71% lower median CRP values than those homozygous for the major allele [3.5 vs 12.0 mg/L, p < 0.0001]. These trends persisted in the chronic stable phase after ischemia had resolved, and after adjustment for infarct size by peak creatinine kinase levels and clinical status by Killip class. Assessment of CRP genetic variants identified patients with higher and lower CRP elevation after acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suk Danik
- The Donald W Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Thalmaier D, Dambacher J, Seiderer J, Konrad A, Schachinger V, Pfennig S, Otte JM, Crispin A, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P, Brand S. The +1059G/C polymorphism in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is associated with involvement of the terminal ileum and decreased serum CRP levels in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24:1105-15. [PMID: 16984505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels influence the response to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies. AIM To analyse the influence of the +1059G/C CRP polymorphism on CRP serum levels and disease susceptibility in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, genomic DNA from 241 CD patients and 199 unrelated controls was analysed for the +1059G/C substitution in the CRP gene and the common caspase-activation recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) variants. RESULTS Homozygous C/C carriers were detected only among CD patients (P = 0.066). Patients with ileal involvement (L1 and L3 phenotype) were found in only 58.4% of patients with the wildtype G/G genotype but in 88.2% of the heterozygous G/C carriers (OR 5.26; 95% CI 1.19-23.92) and four of the five C/C homozygous carriers (80%; OR 4.55; 95% CI 1.64-16.67; P = 0.008 for hetero- and homozygous carriers vs. wildtype) which was independent of the presence of CARD15 variants. Increased CD activity was associated with increased CRP serum levels (P < 0.005). For Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) < 150, C/C homozygosity for the +1059 G/C polymorphism was associated with significantly lower CRP serum levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The C allele of the CRP +1059G/C polymorphism is associated with decreased serum CRP levels and increased likelihood of disease involvement of the terminal ileum in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thalmaier
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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46
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Morita A, Nakayama T, Doba N, Hinohara S, Soma M. Polymorphism of the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is related to serum CRP Level and arterial pulse wave velocity in healthy elderly Japanese. Hypertens Res 2006; 29:323-31. [PMID: 16832152 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.29.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify relationships between the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene and both the serum level of CRP and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), using haplotype analysis of healthy elderly Japanese. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human CRP gene (rs1341665, rs3091244, rs1800947, rs1130864 and rs1205) were used to genotype 315 healthy elderly Japanese subjects (mean age, 77.9 +/- 4.1 years; male/female ratio, 0.96). Linkage disequilibrium was analyzed for the five SNPs. The frequency of each haplotype and diplotype was estimated using the expectation/maximization (EM) algorithm. There were statistically significant associations between the CRP level and two CRP genotypes; the p value for the T allele of rs3091244 (CT + AT + TT vs. CC + CA + AA) was 0.002 (95% confidential interval [CI], 2.1-24), and the p value for the T allele of rs1130864 (TT + TC vs. CC) was 0.002 (95% CI, 2.1-24). The only genotype that was significantly associated with arterial PWV was the C allele of rs1800947, with a p value of 0.039. The haplotype was constructed using rs1341665, rs3091244 and rs1800947, in that order. There was a significant association between the CRP level and the T-T-G haplotype, with a p value of 0.002 (95% CI, 2.1-24). There was a significant association between arterial PWV and the C-C-C haplotype, with a p value of 0.039. We concluded that rs3091244, rs1130864 and the T-T-G haplotype are genetic markers for elevated basal CRP levels. rs1800947 and the C-C-C haplotype appear to be susceptibility markers for atherosclerosis, but this requires confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Bogardus C, Hanson RL, Baier LJ. A functional Tyr1306Cys variant in LARG is associated with increased insulin action in vivo. Diabetes 2006; 55:1497-503. [PMID: 16644711 DOI: 10.2337/db05-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diminished insulin sensitivity is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of insulin action, resulting in reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake, is mediated in part through stimulation of RhoA activity. One regulator of RhoA activity is leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG). The LARG gene maps to a region on chromosome 11q23-24 that shows genetic linkage to BMI and type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. Because of its role in RhoA activation, the LARG gene was analyzed as a positional candidate gene for this linkage. Sequencing of the LARG gene and genotyping of variants identified several polymorphisms that were associated with in vivo rates of insulin-mediated glucose uptake, at both physiological and maximally stimulating insulin concentrations, among 322 nondiabetic Pima Indians who had undergone a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The strongest association with rate of glucose uptake was found with a Tyr1306Cys polymorphism (P < 0.0001, adjusted for age, sex, percent body fat, and nuclear family membership). In transient transfection studies in NIH3T3 cells, the LARG(Cys1306) protein had reduced activity compared with LARG(Tyr1306) protein (P < 0.05). We propose that the Tyr1306Cys substitution in LARG, through its differential activation of RhoA, increases insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic Pima Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacs
- Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 445 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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48
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Su Z, Li Y, James JC, Matsumoto AH, Helm GA, Lusis AJ, Shi W. Genetic linkage of hyperglycemia, body weight and serum amyloid-P in an intercross between C57BL/6 and C3H apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:1650-8. [PMID: 16595606 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are integral components of the metabolic perturbations in type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice develop severe hyperlipidemia and significant hyperglycemia when fed a western diet containing 21% fat (w/w), 0.15% cholesterol and 19.5% casein. Using an intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) apoE(-/-) mice, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify loci contributing to hyperglycemia and associated traits. Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin and serum amyloid-P (SAP) and body weight in 234 female F2 mice were measured after being fed the western diet for 12 weeks. QTL analysis revealed one significant QTL, named Bglu3 [95.8 cM, logarithm of odds ratio (OR)(LOD) 4.1], on chromosome 1 and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 9 (38 cM, LOD 2.3) that influenced plasma glucose levels. Bglu3 coincided with loci on distal chromosomal 1 that had a major influence on plasma SAP levels and body weight. Significant correlations between plasma glucose, SAP and body weight were observed in F2 mice. Thus, these results demonstrate genetic linkages of hyperglycemia and body weight with SAP, a marker of the acute-phase response, in hyperlipidemic apoE(-/-) mice and suggest a probability for the Sap gene to be a positional candidate of Bglu3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Su
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908, USA
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Obisesan TO, Leeuwenburgh C, Ferrell RE, Phares DA, McKenzie JA, Prior SJ, Hagberg JM. C-reactive protein genotype affects exercise training-induced changes in insulin sensitivity. Metabolism 2006; 55:453-60. [PMID: 16546475 PMCID: PMC2643021 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An etiologic role for chronic inflammation in the development of insulin resistance has been hypothesized. We determined whether the -732A/G and +219G/A C-reactive protein (CRP) gene variants affect insulin and glucose measures and whether these variants affect training-related changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose measures. Men and women 50 to 75 years old (n = 61) underwent baseline testing that included glucose tolerance, maximal oxygen consumption, body composition, CRP levels, and genotyping assessments. Tests were repeated after 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training. In bivariate analyses, CRP -732A/G G allele carriers had significantly lower baseline postprandial plasma glucose and after-training CRP levels. After exercise training, the -732A/G G allele carriers had approximately 28% increase in insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and approximately 26% reduction in insulin area under the curve (AUC), compared with the approximately 7% increase in ISI and approximately 15% reduction in insulin AUC in the A allele homozygotes (P = .03). The significant enhancement of ISI in -732A/G G allele carriers remained evident in analyses limited to those with normal glucose tolerance. Multivariate analyses adjusted for demographic and biologic variables confirmed the significant enhancement of training-induced improvement in ISI by the CRP gene variant. In addition, the CRP -732A/G and +219G/A haplotype significantly associated with training-induced improvements in ISI and insulin AUC in separate multivariate models. In conclusion, the CRP -732A/G variant modulates exercise training-related improvements in ISI and glucose AUC, and the haplotype of the CRP -732A/G and +219G/A variants significantly affected training-induced changes in ISI and insulin AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Obisesan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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50
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Wolford JK, Yeatts KA, Red Eagle AR, Nelson RG, Knowler WC, Hanson RL. Variants in the gene encoding aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and diabetic nephropathy in American Indians. Diabet Med 2006; 23:367-76. [PMID: 16620264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aldose reductase gene (AKR1B1) is a strong candidate for diabetic nephropathy, and the T allele at rs759853 and the Z-2 allele at an [AC]n microsatellite are associated with diabetic kidney disease in some populations. As AKR1B1 is located on 7q35, where we have previously reported linkage to diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians, this study examined the association of AKR1B1 variants with diabetic nephropathy in this population. METHODS AKR1B1 variants were identified by sequencing and genotyped using allelic discrimination and pyrosequencing. Genotype distributions were compared between 107 cases with diabetic end-stage renal disease and 108 control subjects with diabetes for > or = 10 years and no evidence of nephropathy, and between 141 individuals with nephropathy and 416 individuals without heavy proteinuria in a family study of 257 sibships. RESULTS We identified 11 AKR1B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the [AC]n microsatellite polymorphism. Three SNPs were rare and two were in 100% genotypic concordance; thus, eight polymorphisms were genotyped. No variant was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the case-control or family-based study. For example, the T allele at rs759853 had an allele frequency of 0.165 in cases and 0.171 in control subjects (OR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.57-1.59, P = 0.86); in the family study its frequency was 0.140 and 0.169 in affected and unaffected individuals, respectively (OR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.53-1.54 P = 0.71). Corresponding values for the Z-2 allele at the [AC]n microsatellite were OR = 1.09 (95% CI 0.72-1.66, P = 0.67) and OR = 1.25 (95% CI 0.81-1.95, P = 0.31) in the case-control and family studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Common AKR1B1 polymorphisms are unlikely to be major determinants of diabetic nephropathy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wolford
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Diabetes Research Unit, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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