1
|
Kawasaki M, McConnel CS, Burbick CR, Ambrosini YM. Pathogen-epithelium interactions and inflammatory responses in Salmonella Dublin infections using ileal monolayer models derived from adult bovine organoids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11479. [PMID: 38769412 PMCID: PMC11106274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important enteric pathogen affecting cattle and poses increasing public health risks. Understanding the pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions of S. Dublin infection are critical for developing effective control strategies, yet studies are hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. This study aimed to generate a robust ileal monolayer derived from adult bovine organoids, validate its feasibility as an in vitro infection model with S. Dublin, and evaluate the epithelial response to infection. A stable, confluent monolayer with a functional epithelial barrier was established under optimized culture conditions. The model's applicability for studying S. Dublin infection was confirmed by documenting intracellular bacterial invasion and replication, impacts on epithelial integrity, and a specific inflammatory response, providing insights into the pathogen-epithelium interactions. The study underscores the utility of organoid-derived monolayers in advancing our understanding of enteric infections in livestock and highlights implications for therapeutic strategy development and preventive measures, with potential applications extending to both veterinary and human medicine. The established bovine ileal monolayer offers a novel and physiologically relevant in vitro platform for investigating enteric pathogen-host interactions, particularly for pathogens like S. Dublin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minae Kawasaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin Y, Zhai JL, Wang YT, Guo PT, Zhang J, Wang CK, Jin L, Gao YY. Potassium diformate alleviated inflammation of IPEC-J2 cells infected with EHEC. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110013. [PMID: 38364468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Potassium diformate (KDF) is a kind of formate, which possesses the advantages of antimicrobial activity, growth promotion and preventing diarrhea in weaned piglets. However, the researches of KDF in animal production mostly focused on apparent indexes such as growth performance and the mechanisms of KDF on intestinal health have not been reported. Thus, porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) infected with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) was used to investigate the role of KDF on alleviating intestinal inflammation in this study. The 0.125 mg/mL KDF treated IPEC-J2 cells for 6 h and IPEC-J2 cells challenged with 5 × 107 CFU/mL EHEC for 4 h were confirmed as the optimum concentration and time for the following experiment. The subsequent experiment was divided into four groups: control group (CON), EHEC group, KDF group, KDF+EHEC group. The results showed that KDF increased the cell viability and the gene expression levels of SGLT3 and TGF-β, while decreased the content of IL-1β compared with the CON group. The cell viability and the gene expressions of SGLT1, SGLT3, GLUT2, Claudin-1, Occludin and TGF-β, and the protein expression of ZO-1 in EHEC group were lower than those in CON group, whereas the gene expressions of IL-1β, TNF, IL-8 and TLR4, and the level of phosphorylation NF-кB protein were increased. Pretreatment with KDF reduced the content of IgM and IL-1β, the gene expressions of IL-1β, TNF, IL-8 and TLR4 and the level of phosphorylation NF-кB protein, and increased the gene expression of TGF-β and the protein expression of Occludin in IPEC-J2 cells infected EHEC. In conclusion, 0.125 mg/mL KDF on IPEC-J2 cells for 6 h had the beneficial effects on ameliorating the intestinal inflammation because of reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines through regulating NF-кB signaling pathway under the EHEC challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jun-Lei Zhai
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping-Ting Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chang-Kang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ling Jin
- China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yu-Yun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Milby-Blackledge A, Farnell Y, Zhao D, Berghman L, Laino C, Muller M, Byrd JA, Farnell M. Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1359722. [PMID: 38465263 PMCID: PMC10920336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1359722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokines. Day of hatch male chicks were randomly allocated into a control or ST challenged group. At day three of age, sterile diluent or 5.0 × 108 CFU of ST was given orally to each chick. Blood was obtained 24 h post challenge and serum separated for later analysis (n = 30 chicks/treatment). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-16, and IL-21; anti-inflammatory cytokines- IL-10; chemokines-regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and MIP-3α; colony stimulating factors-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in the serum of the challenged chicks when compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in IL-2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and IFNα. These data indicate the detection of mucosal immune responses in broiler chickens following ST infection. The heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and colony stimulating factors align with known inflammatory mechanisms, like the influx of immune cells. However, the elevation of IL-10 was unexpected, due to its immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the rise in VEGF levels is compelling, as it suggests the possibility of tissue repair and angiogenesis in ST infected birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuhua Farnell
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Luc Berghman
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Craig Laino
- Millipore Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - J. Allen Byrd
- United States Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Morgan Farnell
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jan TR, Lin CS, Yang WY. Differential cytokine profiling and microbial species involved in cecal microbiota modulations in SPF chicks immunized with a dual vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103334. [PMID: 38104411 PMCID: PMC10765113 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in laying hens is a significant threat to public health and food safety. Host resistance against enteric pathogen invasion primarily relies on immunity and gut barrier integrity. This study applied the ST infection model and a dual live vaccine containing Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) strain Sm24/Rif12/Ssq and ST strain Nal2/Rif9/Rtt to investigate the cellular cytokine expression profiles and the differential community structure in the cecal microbiota of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and field-raised layers. The results showed that ST challenge significantly upregulated expressions of IL-1β in SPF chicks. Vaccination, on the other hand, led to an elevation in IFNγ expression and restrained IL-1β levels. In the group where vaccination preceded the ST challenge (S.STvc), heightened expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12β were observed, indicating active involvement of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in the defense against ST. Regarding the cecal microbiota, the vaccine did not affect alpha diversity nor induce a significant shift in the microbial community. Conversely, ST infection significantly affected the alpha and beta diversity in the cecal microbiota, reducing beneficial commensal genera, such as Blautia and Subdoligranulum. MetagenomeSeq analysis reveals a significant increase in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the groups (S.STvc and STvc) exhibiting protection against ST infection. LEfSe further demonstrated Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as the prominent biomarker within the cecal microbiota of SPF chicks and field layers demonstrating protection. Another biomarker identified in the S.STvc group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, displayed an antagonistic relationship with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, suggesting the limited biological significance of the former in reducing cloacal shedding and tissue invasion. In conclusion, the application of AviPro Salmonella DUO vaccine stimulates host immunity and modulates cecal microbiota to defend against ST infection. Among the microbial modulations observed in SPF chicks and field layers with protection, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii emerges as a significant species in the ceca. Further research is warranted to elucidate its role in protecting layers against ST infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Rong Jan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu Y, Guo X, Xu F, Wang F, Wu H, Bai Y, Li W, Zhang G, Yuan J, Pang Q. Protective effects of puerarin on liver tissue in Salmonella-infected chicks: a proteomic analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103281. [PMID: 37992616 PMCID: PMC10700392 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacterium that not only causes serious economic losses to the livestock and poultry industries but also seriously endangers human health. Long-term indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance in Salmonella, and thus the identification of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial. In this study, the effects of puerarin on the S. enterica-infected chickens were investigated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly assigned as the control group (CON), the S. enterica group (S), and puerarin-treatment group (P). Chicks in the P group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 200 (P200), and 400 (P400) mg/kg puerarin, respectively. It was found that puerarin treatment markedly altered the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) contents in the serum. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, Bcl-2, and caspase-8 in the livers of S. enterica-infected chicks was increased after infection but significantly reduced after treatment with puerarin. Histologic analysis showed that puerarin effectively mitigated morphological damage in the liver caused by S. enterica. Proteomic analysis revealed that S. enterica infection led to metabolic disorders in the liver, resulting in oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and significantly elevated levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers. The findings of the filtered sequencing were verified by using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Treatment with 100 mg/mL puerarin thus effectively alleviated disordered liver metabolism, reduced inflammation and oxidative damage and significantly reduced the levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers in the liver. The results suggest that puerarin has the potential to replace antibiotics to control Salmonella infection in poultry and thus improve food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengge Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Hongsong Wu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yongjiang Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Jinbao Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi SW, Lee HG, Kim E, Jung YH, Bok EY, Cho A, Do YJ, So KM, Hur TY, Oh SI. Gut microbiota alteration with growth performance, histopathological lesions, and immune responses in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100324. [PMID: 38125715 PMCID: PMC10730377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause gastroenteritis in weaned piglets, which are particularly vulnerable to dietary changes and dysfunction of their immature organs. The colonization of S. Typhimurium could disrupt the gut microbiota and increase susceptibility to the bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of gut microbiota in S. Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets. Ten 49-day-old pigs were divided into two groups: S. Typhimurium-inoculated (ST, n = 6) and negative control (NC, n = 4) groups. The body weight and S. Typhimurium fecal shedding were monitored for 14 days after S. Typhimurium inoculation (dpi). The intestinal tissues were collected at 14 dpi; histopathological lesions and cytokine gene expression were evaluated. The gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were analyzed in fecal samples collected at 14 dpi. The average daily gain and gut microbiota alpha diversity in ST group tended to be lower than NC group at 14 dpi. Linear discriminant analysis effect size results showed a significant increase in the abundance of two genera and five species, while a significant decrease was observed in the five genera and nine species within the gut microbiota of ST group. Among the significantly less abundant bacteria in the ST group, Lachnospira eligens and Anaerobium acetethylicum produce acetate and butyrate, and may be considered as key S. Typhimurium infection-preventing bacteria. The overall results provide invaluable information about changes in the gut microbiota of S. Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets, which can be used to develop alternative measures to antibiotics and prevent ST bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Bok
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min So
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Albuquerque Pereira MDF, Morais de Ávila LG, Dos Santos Cruz BC, Campos Silva B, Licursi de Oliveira L, Vilela Gonçalves R, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Gouveia Peluzio MDC. The role of IL-10 in regulating inflammation and gut microbiome in mice consuming milk kefir and orally challenged with S. Typhimurium. Food Funct 2023; 14:3804-3814. [PMID: 37000521 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Kefir has been suggested as a possible bacterial prophylaxis against Salmonella and IL-10 production seems to be crucial in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis in mice. This study evaluated the role of IL-10 in the inflammation and gut microbiome in mice consuming milk kefir and orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. C57BL wild type (WT) (n = 40) and C57BL IL-10-/- (KO) (n = 40) mice were subdivided into eight experimental groups either treated or not with kefir. In the first 15 days, the water groups received filtered water (0.1 mL) while the kefir groups received milk kefir (10% w/v) orally by gavage. Then, two groups of each strain received a single dose (0.1 mL) of the inoculum of S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028, dose: 106 CFU mL-1). After four weeks, the animals were euthanized to remove the colon for further analysis. Kefir prevented systemic infections only in IL-10-/- mice, which were able to survive, regulate cytokines, and control colon inflammation. The abundance in Lachnospiraceae and Roseburia, and also the higher SCFA production in the pre-infection, showed that kefir has a role in intestinal health and protection, colonizing and offering competition for nutrients with the pathogen as well as acting in the regulation of salmonella infectivity only in the absence of IL-10. These results demonstrate the role of IL-10 in the prognosis of salmonellosis and how milk kefir can be used in acute infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Gabriela Morais de Ávila
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Cruz
- Biological Sciences and Health Institute, Rodovia BR230 KM 7, Rio Paranaíba - MG, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Campos Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amuc Prevents Liver Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. J Nutr 2023; 153:532-542. [PMID: 36894245 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Amuc_1100 (hereafter called Amuc), the outer membrane protein of Akkermansia muciniphila, alleviates metabolic disorders and maintains immune homeostasis. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine whether there is a protective effect of Amuc administration. METHODS Male 6-wk-old C57BL6J mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CON (control), Amuc (gavaged with Amuc, 100 μg/d for 14 d), ST (oral administration of 1.0 × 106 CFU S. typhimurium on day 7), and ST + Amuc (Amuc supplementation for 14 d, S. typhimurium administration on day 7). Serum and tissue samples were collected 14 d after treatment. Histological damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, apoptosis, and protein levels of genes associated with inflammation and antioxidant stress were analyzed. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparisons using SPSS software. RESULTS The ST group mice had 17.1% lower body weight, 1.3-3.6-fold greater organ index (organ weight/body weight for organs including the liver and spleen), 10-fold greater liver damage score, and 3.4-10.1-fold enhanced aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and myeloperoxidase activities, and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared with controls (P < 0.05). The S. typhimurium-induced abnormalities were prevented by Amuc supplementation. Furthermore, the ST + Amuc group mice had 1.44-1.89-fold lower mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [Il]6, Il1b, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (chemokine ligand [Ccl]2, Ccl3, and Ccl8) and 27.1%-68.5% lower levels of inflammation-related proteins in the liver than ST group mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Amuc treatment prevents S. typhimurium-induced liver damage partly through the toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 and nuclear factor-κB signaling as well as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor signaling pathways. Thus, Amuc supplementation may be effective in treating liver injury in S. typhimurium-challenged mice.
Collapse
|
9
|
Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Reduces the Ascorbic Acid Uptake in the Intestine. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:2629262. [PMID: 36704315 PMCID: PMC9873446 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2629262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium infection of the gastrointestinal tract leads to damage that compromises the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and results in enterocolitis and inflammation. Salmonella infection promotes the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, leading to activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, and the infected host often displays altered nutrient levels. To date, the effect of Salmonella infection and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β on the intestinal uptake of ascorbic acid (AA) is unknown. Our results revealed a marked decrease in the rate of AA uptake in mouse jejunum infected with Salmonella wild type (WT). However, the nonpathogenic mutant (Δ invA Δ spiB) strain did not affect AA uptake. The decrease in AA uptake due to Salmonella WT infection is accompanied by significantly lower expression of mouse (m)SVCT1 protein, mRNA, and hnRNA levels. NLRP3 and IL-1β expression levels were markedly increased in Salmonella-infected mouse jejunum. IL-1β-exposed Caco-2 cells displayed marked inhibition in AA uptake and significantly decreased hSVCT1 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the activity of the SLC23A1 promoter was significantly inhibited by IL-1β exposure. In addition, GRHPR (a known SVCT1 interactor) protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in Salmonella-infected mouse jejunum. These results indicate that Salmonella infection inhibits AA absorption in mouse jejunum and IL-1β-exposed Caco-2 cells. The observed inhibitory effect may partially be mediated through transcriptional mechanisms.
Collapse
|
10
|
Elucidating Mechanisms of Tolerance to Salmonella Typhimurium across Long-Term Infections Using the Collaborative Cross. mBio 2022; 13:e0112022. [PMID: 35880881 PMCID: PMC9426527 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01120-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance and tolerance to pathogen infection may present the opportunity to develop novel interventions. Resistance is the absence of clinical disease with a low pathogen burden, while tolerance is minimal clinical disease with a high pathogen burden. Salmonella is a worldwide health concern. We studied 18 strains of collaborative cross mice that survive acute Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) infections. We infected these strains orally and monitored them for 3 weeks. Five strains cleared STm (resistant), six strains maintained a bacterial load and survived (tolerant), while seven strains survived >7 days but succumbed to infection within the study period and were called “delayed susceptible.” Tolerant strains were colonized in the Peyer’s patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver, while resistant strains had significantly reduced bacterial colonization. Tolerant strains had lower preinfection core body temperatures and had disrupted circadian patterns of body temperature postinfection sooner than other strains. Tolerant strains had higher circulating total white blood cells than resistant strains, driven by increased numbers of neutrophils. Tolerant strains had more severe tissue damage and higher circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), but lower levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA-78) than resistant strains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed one significant association and six suggestive associations. Gene expression analysis identified 22 genes that are differentially regulated in tolerant versus resistant animals that overlapped these QTLs. Fibrinogen genes (Fga, Fgb, and Fgg) were found across the QTL, RNA, and top canonical pathways, making them the best candidate genes for differentiating tolerance and resistance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Apoptosis in the Hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-Challenged Young Chicks. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2459212. [PMID: 35847587 PMCID: PMC9277163 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2459212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics to treat multidrug-resistant pathogenic infections like Salmonella gallinarum is the need of the hour. Salmonella infection causes typhoid fever, jaundice, and Salmonella hepatitis resulting in severe liver injury. Natural compounds have been proved beneficial for the treatment of these bacterial infections. The beneficial roles of cinnamaldehyde due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties have been determined by many researchers. However, alleviation of liver damage caused by S. gallinarum infection to young chicks by cinnamaldehyde remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the effects of cinnamaldehyde on ameliorating liver damage in young chicks. Young chicks were intraperitoneally infected with S. gallinarum and treated with cinnamaldehyde orally. Liver and serum parameters were investigated by qRT-PCR, ELISA kits, biochemistry kits, flow cytometry, JC-1 dye experiment, and transcriptome analysis. We found that ROS, cytochrome c, mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), caspase-3 activity, ATP production, hepatic CFU, ALT, and AST, which were initially increased by Salmonella infection, significantly (
) decreased by cinnamaldehyde treatment at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection (DPI). In addition, S. gallinarum infection significantly increased proinflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MyD-88) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-8, IL-10, and iNOS); however, cinnamaldehyde reverted these effects at 1, 3, and 5 DPI. Transcriptome analysis showed that S. gallinarum modulates certain genes of the AMPK-mTOR pathway for its survival and replication, and these pathway modulations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde treatment. We concluded that cinnamaldehyde ameliorates inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing NF-Kβ/caspase-3 pathway and reverts the metabolic changes caused by S. gallinarum infection via modulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties against S. gallinarum-challenged young chicks and can be a candidate novel drug to treat salmonellosis in poultry production.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Wu X, Cong X, Ren J, Li J, Zhu J, Dai M, Hrabchenko N, Du Y, Qi J. The functional role of fecal microbiota transplantation on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in chicks. Vet Microbiol 2022; 269:109449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Kang X, Jiao Y, Zhou Y, Meng C, Zhou X, Song L, Jiao X, Pan Z. MicroRNA-5112 Targets IKKγ to Dampen the Inflammatory Response and Improve Clinical Symptoms in Both Bacterial Infection and DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:779770. [PMID: 35222370 PMCID: PMC8866336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.779770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a double-edged sword that can be induced by various PAMPs, resulting in the control of infection by invading pathogens or injuries. The inflammatory response requires strict and precise control and regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. However, the role of miRNAs in inflammation induced by flagellin (ligand of TLR5) has yet to be fully determined. In this study, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) between flagellin treatment and medium alone using miRNA microarray. We found that flagellin stimulation downregulated miR-5112 expression in BMDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of miR-5112 decreased inflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by a reduction of IKKγ in flagellin-stimulated BMDCs. We demonstrated that miR-5112 could directly target IKKγ to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, miR-5112 inhibited the inflammatory response induced by flagellin or Salmonella infection in vivo. Interestingly, miR-5112 could also dampen the inflammatory response and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that miR-5112 could be a novel therapeutic target for both bacterial infection and DSS-induced colitis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liver Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Beijing You Chickens and Guang Ming Broilers. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030416. [PMID: 35327970 PMCID: PMC8953548 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most prevalent issues in poultry production that reduces performance, robustness, and economic gains. Previous studies have demonstrated that native chickens are more tolerant of heat than commercial breeds. However, the underlying mechanisms of the heat tolerance observed in native chicken breeds remain unelucidated. Therefore, we performed a phenotypical, physiological, liver transcriptome comparative analysis and WGCNA in response to heat stress in one native (Beijing You, BY) and one commercial (Guang Ming, GM) chicken breed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the heat tolerance and identify the potential driver and hub genes related to heat stress in these two genetically distinct chicken breeds. In brief, 80 BY and 60 GM, 21 days old chickens were submitted to a heat stress experiment for 5 days (33 °C, 8 h/day). Each breed was divided into experimental groups of control (Ctl) and heat stress (HS). The results showed that BY chickens were less affected by heat stress and displayed reduced DEGs than GM chickens, 365 DEGs and 382 DEGs, respectively. The transcriptome analysis showed that BY chickens exhibited enriched pathways related to metabolism activity, meanwhile GM chickens’ pathways were related to inflammatory reactions. CPT1A and ANGPTL4 for BY chickens, and HSP90B1 and HSPA5 for GM chickens were identified as potential candidate genes associated with HS. The WGCNA revealed TLR7, AR, BAG3 genes as hub genes, which could play an important role in HS. The results generated in this study provide valuable resources for studying liver transcriptome in response to heat stress in native and commercial chicken lines.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaiser MG, Hsieh J, Kaiser P, Lamont SJ. Differential immunological response detected in mRNA expression profiles among diverse chicken lines in response to Salmonella challenge. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101605. [PMID: 34936953 PMCID: PMC8703071 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a bacterial pathogen that contributes to poultry production losses and human foodborne illness. The bacterium elicits a broad immune response involving both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Coordination of the immune response is largely directed by cytokines. The objective of the current study was to characterize the expression of a select set of cytokines and regulatory immune genes in three genetically diverse chicken lines after infection with S. Enteritidis. Leghorn, Fayoumi and broiler day-old chicks were orally infected with pathogenic S. Enteritidis or culture medium. At 2 and 18 h postinfection, spleens and ceca were collected and mRNA expression levels for 7 genes (GM-CSF, IL2, IL15, TGF-β1, SOCS3, P20K, and MHC class IIβ) were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Genetic line had a significant effect on mRNA expression levels of IL15, TGF-β1, SOCS3 and P20K in the spleen and on P20K and MHC class IIβ in the cecum. Comparing challenged vs. unchallenged birds, the expression of SOCS3 and P20K mRNA were significantly higher in the spleen and cecum, while MHC class IIβ mRNA was significantly lower in spleen. Combining the current RNA expression results with those of previously reported studies on the same samples reveals distinct RNA expression profiles among the three genetic chicken lines and the 2 tissues. This study illustrates that these diverse genetic lines have distinctively different immune response to S. Enteritidis challenge within the spleen and the cecum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kaiser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150, USA
| | - John Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150, USA
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thiam M, Barreto Sánchez AL, Zhang J, Wen J, Zhao G, Wang Q. Investigation of the Potential of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Biomarker to Predict Colonization Resistance and Inflammatory Response to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chicken. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010072. [PMID: 35056020 PMCID: PMC8778401 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry and represents a real threat to human health. The region of difference 21 (ROD21) pathogenicity island removal is a genetic mechanism by which Salmonellaenteritidis (SE) invades the intestinal epithelium and induces systemic infection in mice. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio reflects the chicken’s robustness and immune system status. The H/L ratio is considered a disease resistance trait, and it could be used as a marker for selecting Salmonella resistance in live chickens. However, the association of the H/L ratio with Salmonella resistance and the inflammatory response remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the kinetics of ROD21 excision in the intestine and immune organs of chickens is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the bacterial load, the ROD21 excision, the IL-1β, IL-8, and INF-γ blood serum concentration kinetics, and the association with the H/L ratio in chicken at 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-SE infection. The results showed a significant correlation between the H/L ratio and the bacterial load in the ileum and caecum at 7 dpi. The ROD21 pathogenicity island absolute and relative excision in the caecum were positively correlated at 1 dpi but negatively correlated at 7 dpi with the H/L ratio. However, in the liver, we found the opposite tendency. The association of the H/L ratio with IL-1β, IL-8, and INF-γ blood serum concentrations showed that a low H/L ratio is correlated with increased IL-1β and INF-γ at 21 dpi. This study confirmed that the H/L ratio is associated with robustness and Salmonella-resistance in chicken. The methodology used in this study can separate individuals into susceptible and resistant and can help in the selection and breeding of Salmonella-resistant chickens.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Salmonella efficiently colonizes the cecum and proximal colon of mice where it induces inflammation resulting in colitis. To study intestinal infection of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars in mice, the colonization resistance of the intestine is overcome by transiently reducing the gut microbiota by an oral antibiotic treatment 1 day prior to infection with Salmonella. The in vivo colitis model is crucial for understanding the role of mucosal host defenses, analysis of histopathological changes, and the identification of host and bacterial factors leading to acute infections or facilitating bacterial persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bacteriophage-Resistant Salmonella rissen: An In Vitro Mitigated Inflammatory Response. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122468. [PMID: 34960737 PMCID: PMC8703591 DOI: 10.3390/v13122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) represents one of the major causes of foodborne diseases, which are made worse by the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, NTS are a significant and common public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether selection for phage-resistance alters bacterial phenotype, making this approach suitable for candidate vaccine preparation. We therefore compared two strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen: RR (the phage-resistant strain) and RW (the phage-sensitive strain) in order to investigate a potential cost associated with the bacterium virulence. We tested the ability of both RR and RW to infect phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell lines, the activity of virulence factors associated with the main Type-3 secretory system (T3SS), as well as the canonic inflammatory mediators. The mutant RR strain-compared to the wildtype RW strain-induced in the host a weaker innate immune response. We suggest that the mitigated inflammatory response very likely is due to structural modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results indicate that phage-resistance might be exploited as a means for the development of LPS-based antibacterial vaccines.
Collapse
|
19
|
Thiam M, Barreto Sánchez AL, Zhang J, Zheng M, Wen J, Zhao G, Wang Q. Association of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123498. [PMID: 34944274 PMCID: PMC8698187 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella represents a serious threat to the poultry industry and human health. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio indicates the robustness and immune system status of the chicken. Thus, the H/L ratio has been used for the selection of chickens that are resistant to Salmonella. However, the mechanisms conferring the resistance ability to the chickens with a low H/L ratio compared to those with a high H/L ratio remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association of the H/L ratio with the intestinal barrier function and immune response to Salmonella enteritidis infection in chicken. First, we enumerated the number of goblet cells in the ileum and caecum, measured the ileal villi morphology, and the expression of immune genes in the ileum and caecum of non-infected and SE-infected chickens at 7- and 21-days post-infection. Then, we assessed the correlation with the H/L ratio. The H/L ratio was negatively correlated to the number of goblet cells, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ ileal expressions, indicating that the individuals with a low H/L ratio displayed enhanced intestinal barrier and immunity. These results suggest that the H/L ratio is associated with intestinal immunity and could be a potential resistance indicator in chickens. Abstract The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio has been extensively studied to select poultry that are resistant to environmental stressors. Chickens with a low H/L ratio are superior to the chickens with a high H/L ratio in survival, immune response, and resistance to Salmonella infection. However, this disease resistance ability is likely to be associated with enhanced intestinal immunity. Therefore, to expand our understanding of these underlying resistance mechanisms, it is crucial to investigate the correlation between the H/L ratio as a blood immune indicator in live chickens and the intestinal barrier function and immunity. Jinxing yellow chickens H/L line one-day-old were divided into non-infected (NI) and Salmonella enteritidis infected (SI) at 7-days old. After dividing the birds into NI and SI, blood samples were taken for H/L ratios determination, and subsequently, birds from the SI group were infected with Salmonella enteritidis (SE). We assessed the effects of SE infection on the (i) goblet cells number from the ileum and caecum gut-segments, (ii) ileal mucosa morphology, and (iii) immune gene mRNA expressions from the ileum and caecum of NI and SI chickens at 7 and 21 days-post-infection (dpi). We found that the H/L ratio was negatively correlated with most intestinal immune indices, particularly with the goblet cells number and with IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ ileal expressions. In conclusion, these results suggest that the H/L ratio is associated with the intestinal barrier and immune response for SE clearance and that the chickens with a low H/L ratio displayed enhanced intestinal immunity. This study expands the current knowledge that is related to using the H/L ratio to select and breed resistant broiler chickens.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li WH, Liu YL, Lun JC, He YM, Tang LP. Heat stress inhibits TLR4-NF-κB and TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathways in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1895-1903. [PMID: 34061266 PMCID: PMC8536552 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
With the global warming, the harm of heat stress (HS) to the breeding industry has become more common, which causes the decline of animal production performance and low immunity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of HS on the intestinal immune function of Salmonella-infected chickens. Fourteen-day-old broilers were divided into the following four groups of eight replicates: control (Control), heat stress (HS), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), and heat stress + Salmonella Typhimurium (HS+ST). The broilers were subjected to a heat stress of 35 °C from 15 to 28 days of age. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST, 14028, 109 cfu/mL) was inoculated, via oral administration at 29 days of age, into ST and HS+ST group birds. On the 4th day after Salmonella Typhimurium administration, an increase in jejunum IgA levels was observed in chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Mechanistic regulation of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling by heat stress was evaluated in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected broilers. Heat stress markedly inhibited the expression of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB-p65, and p-NF-κB-p65, and the TLR4-TBK1 cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, p-IRF3, and p-TBK1 in jejunum of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Collectively, our results demonstrate that heat stress can inhibit intestinal immune response by downregulating the expression of TLR4-NFκB-NLRP3 and TLR4-TBK1 signaling pathways in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Yi-Lei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jian-Chi Lun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Yong-Ming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Lu-Ping Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou JM, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Wu SG. Effect of dietary serine supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed a low crude protein diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101465. [PMID: 34634711 PMCID: PMC8517201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Ser on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed low crude protein (LCP), essential amino acids (EAA) balanced diets. A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown layers at 24 wk of age were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments included a control diet (16.49% CP), and 4 LCP, EAA balanced diets (14.05% CP) supplemented with 0, 0.114%, 0.306%, 0.498% L-Ser, respectively. Dietary Ser supplementation linearly increased hen-day egg production (HDEP; P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) among LCP groups from wk 6 to 10, and the optimal HDEP of layers occurred at Ser level of 0.498%. At the end of wk 10, birds in the control had higher albumen height and thick white proportion than those fed the LCP diet without Ser addition (P < 0.05), and presented a lower yolk color score than all LCP groups (P < 0.05). Among LCP groups, serum total protein and globulin contents were significantly increased by dietary Ser addition at the levels of 0.306% and 0.498% (P < 0.05), and had a linear response to the supplemental Ser levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 0.498% Ser supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M contents (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of mucin 2, secretory immunoglobulin A, and relevant glycosyltransferases of O-glycosylation in ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-1β induced by LCP diets (P < 0.05) was reversed following 0.498% Ser addition (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary CP reduction by 2.44% could maintain the productive performance of layers when it was fortified with certain EAA, though poor albumen quality, and ileal inflammation were occurred. The addition of Ser to LCP diets improved performance probably through enhancing humoral and ileal mucosal immunity and attenuating the ileal inflammation of layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Differential responses of chicken monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected with Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Typhimurium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17214. [PMID: 34446765 PMCID: PMC8390485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is a host-restricted bacterial pathogen that causes a serious systemic disease exclusively in birds of all ages. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a host-generalist serovar. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that play an important part in Salmonella host-restriction. We evaluated the differential response of chicken blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (chMoDCs) exposed to S. Gallinarum or S. Typhimurium. S. Typhimurium was found to be more invasive while S. Gallinarum was more cytotoxic at the early phase of infection and later showed higher resistance against chMoDCs killing. S. Typhimurium promoted relatively higher upregulation of costimulatory and other immune function genes on chMoDCs in comparison to S. Gallinarum during early phase of infection (6 h) as analyzed by real-time PCR. Both Salmonella serovars strongly upregulated the proinflammatory transcripts, however, quantum was relatively narrower with S. Gallinarum. S. Typhimurium-infected chMoDCs promoted relatively higher proliferation of naïve T-cells in comparison to S. Gallinarum as assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction. Our findings indicated that host restriction of S. Gallinarum to chicken is linked with its profound ability to interfere the DCs function. Present findings provide a valuable roadmap for future work aimed at improved vaccine strategies against this pathogen.
Collapse
|
23
|
Silva Oliveira FM, Claúdia de Carvalho Fernandes A, Henrique de Cicco Sandes S, Prata LO, Junior MA, Vilela da Silva CA, Campolina-Silva GH, Lorenzo de Jesus Oliveira M, Oliveira CA, Neumann E, Nunes ÁC, Gomes MA, Caliari MV. Co-infection by Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium and Entamoeba dispar pathogenic strains enhances colitis and the expression of amoebic virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105010. [PMID: 34126224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amebiasis is the most severe protozoan infection affecting the human intestine, and the second leading cause of death among parasitic diseases. The mechanisms of amoebic virulence factors acquisition are poorly understood, and there are few studies showing the interaction between Entamoeba dispar and bacteria. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is also a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Considering the high rates of amebiasis and salmonellosis, it is possible that these diseases may co-exist in the human intestine, leading to co-infection. Due to the scarcity of studies showing the influence of enteropathogenic bacteria on amoebic virulence, our research group proposed to evaluate the impact of S. typhimurium on E. dispar trophozoites. We assessed whether co-infection of S. typhimurium and E. dispar can change the progression of amoebic colitis, and the inflammatory response profile in the caecum mucosa, using a co-infection experimental model in rats. In vitro assays was used to investigate whether S. typhimurium induces changes in amoebic virulence phenotype. In the present work, we found that S. typhimurium co-infection exacerbates amoebic colitis and intestinal inflammation. The in vitro association of S. typhimurium and E. dispar trophozoites contributed to increase the expression of amoebic virulence factors. Also, we demonstrated, for the first time, the cysteine proteinase 5 expression in E. dispar MCR, VEJ and ADO strains, isolated in Brazil. Together, our results show that S. typhimurium and E. dispar co-infection worsens amoebic colitis, possibly by increasing the expression of amoebic virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Sávio Henrique de Cicco Sandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luana Oliveira Prata
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mario Abatemarco Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Álvaro Cantini Nunes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang R, Li S, Jia H, Si X, Lei Y, Lyu J, Dai Z, Wu Z. Protective Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Liver of Salmonella typhimurium-Challenged Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082309. [PMID: 33923441 PMCID: PMC8073330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium infection is associated with gastrointestinal disorder and cellular injury in the liver of both humans and animals. Cinnamaldehyde, the main component of essential oil from cinnamon, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, it remains unknown whether cinnamaldehyde can alleviate Salmonella typhimurium infection-induced liver injury in mice. In the present study, we found that cinnamaldehyde attenuated Salmonella typhimurium-induced body weight loss, the increase of organ (liver and spleen) indexes, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the mortality rate in mice. Further study showed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alleviated Salmonella typhimurium-induced liver injury as shown by activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and myeloperoxidase, as well as malondialdehyde. The increased mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL3) induced by Salmonella typhimurium were significantly abolished by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. These alterations were associated with a regulatory effect of cinnamaldehyde on TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that Salmonella typhimurium infection led to upregulation of the abundances of genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Muribaculum, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and downregulation of the abundances of genera Lactobacillus, Enterorhabdus, and Eggerthellaceae (unclassified). These alterations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde supplementation. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of Salmonella typhimurium-infected mice. Supplementation of cinnamaldehyde might be a preventive strategy to alleviate liver injury caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
- DadHank Biotechnology Corporation, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yan Lei
- DadHank Biotechnology Corporation, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jirong Lyu
- DadHank Biotechnology Corporation, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.); (X.S.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-1003
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pineda M, Kogut M, Genovese K, Farnell YZ, Zhao D, Wang X, Milby A, Farnell M. Competitive Exclusion of Intra-Genus Salmonella in Neonatal Broilers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020446. [PMID: 33670039 PMCID: PMC7926974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes contracted from contaminated products. We hypothesized that competitive exclusion between Salmonella serotypes in neonatal broilers would reduce colonization and affect the host immune response. Day of hatch broilers were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups: (1) control, which received saline, (2) Salmonella Kentucky (SK) only on day 1 (D1), (3) Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) or Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) only on D1, (4) SK on D1 then ST or SE on day 2 (D2), (5) ST or SE on D1 then SK on D2, and (6) SK and ST or SE concurrently on D1. Salmonella gut colonization and incidence were measured from cecal contents. Livers and spleens were combined and macerated to determine systemic translocation. Relative mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured in cecal tonsils and liver to investigate local and systemic immune responses. When a serotype was administered first, it was able to significantly reduce colonization of the following serotype. Significant changes were found in mRNA expression of cytokines. These results suggest competitive exclusion by Salmonella enterica serotypes affect local and systemic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pineda
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Michael Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Kenneth Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Yuhua Z. Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Allison Milby
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Morgan Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sseK1 on macrophage inflammation-related cytokines and glycolysis. Cytokine 2021; 140:155424. [PMID: 33513526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), an important virulent intracellular pathogen, causes inflammatory gastroenteritis or typhoid. Macrophages play a key role in innate immunity against Salmonella. Salmonella secreted effector K1 (SseK1) encoded by SPI2 has been identified a novel translocated protein. To investigate the role of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sseK1 about the inflammation and glycolysis in macrophages, the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and Nitric Oxide in macrophages infected by S. Typhimurium SL1344 wild-type (WT) group, ΔsseK1 mutant group and sseK1-complemented group were measured. And the glycolysis level was determined in RAW 264.7 cells infected with these different Salmonella strains. The results showed that groups infected by wild-type strain, sseK1 mutant and sseK1-complemented strain upregulated the production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and NO at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h, respectively. The production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and NO in wild-type strain group were significantly decreased compared with the ΔsseK1 mutant group, which suggested that sseK1 down-regulated the production of related inflammatory factors. Moreover, hexokinase, lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels significantly decreased by infection with sseK1 mutant compared to the wild-type strain. The ATP level of ΔsseK1 mutant group was remarkably increased than WT group and sseK1-complemented group. These indicated that the sseK1 enhanced the level of glycolysis of macrophages infected by S. Typhimurium. In summary, the results demonstrated that sseK1 can down-regulate the inflammation-related cytokines and enhance the glycolysis level in macrophages infected by S. Typhimurium, which may be beneficial for S. typhimurium survival in macrophages.
Collapse
|
27
|
Brauer VS, Zambuzi FA, Espíndola MS, Cavalcanti Neto MP, Prado MKB, Cardoso PM, Soares LS, Galvao-Lima LJ, Leopoldino AM, Cardoso CRDB, Frantz FG. The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on effector functions of neutrophils. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Bendary MM, Ibrahim D, Mosbah RA, Mosallam F, Hegazy WAH, Awad NFS, Alshareef WA, Alomar SY, Zaitone SA, Abd El-Hamid MI. Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:25. [PMID: 33396722 PMCID: PMC7823989 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have been associated with severe and complicated diseases. Therefore, these types of infections are a concern for public health officials and food and dairy industries. Regarding the wide-spread multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), new and alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, we investigated the antimicrobial, anti-virulence, and immunostimulant activities of a stable formulation of thymol as thymol nanoemulsion in an in vivo approach. Notably, treatment with 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion led to a pronounced improvement in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in addition to decreases in the severity of clinical findings and mortality percentages of challenged chickens with XDR S. Enteritidis confirming its pronounced antimicrobial activities. Moreover, thymol nanoemulsion, at this dose, had protective effects through up-regulation of the protective cytokines and down-regulation of XDR S. Enteritidis sopB virulence gene and interleukins (IL)-4 and IL-10 cytokines as those hinder the host defenses. Furthermore, it enhanced the growth of gut Bifidobacteria species, which increases the strength of the immune system. For that, we suggested the therapeutic use of thymol nanoemulsion against resistant foodborne pathogens. Finally, we recommended the use of 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion as a feed additive for immunocompromised individuals as well as in the veterinary fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Rasha A. Mosbah
- Infection Control Unit, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Farag Mosallam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Naglaa F. S. Awad
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Walaa A. Alshareef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6th of October 12566, Egypt;
| | - Suliman Y. Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismalia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Das S, Ray S, Arunima A, Sahu B, Suar M. A ROD9 island encoded gene in Salmonella Enteritidis plays an important role in acid tolerance response and helps in systemic infection in mice. Virulence 2020; 11:247-259. [PMID: 32116124 PMCID: PMC7051147 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1733203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella, like other pathogenic bacteria has undergone multiple genomic alterations to adapt itself into specific host environments executing varied degrees of virulence through evolution. Such variations in genome content have been assumed to lead the closely related non-typhoidal serovars, S. Enteritidis, and S. Typhimurium to exhibit Type Three Secretion System -2 (T3SS-2) based diverse colonization and inflammation kinetics. Mutually exclusive genes present in either of the serovars are recently being studied and in our currentwork, we focused on a particular island ROD9, present in S. Enteritidis but not in S. Typhimurium. Earlier reports have identified a few genes from this island to be responsible for virulence in vitro as well as in vivo. In this study, we have identified another gene, SEN1008 from the same island encoding a hypothetical protein to be a potential virulence determinant showing systemic attenuation upon mutation in C57BL/6 mice infection model. The isogenic mutant strain displayed reduced adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro as well as was highly immotile. It was also deficient in intracellular replication in vitro, with a highly suppressed SPI-2and failed to cause acute colitis at 72-h p.i.in vivo. Moreover, on acid exposure, SEN1008 showed 17 folds and 2 fold up-regulations during adaptation and challenge phases,respectively and ΔSEN1008 failed to survive during ATR assay, indicating its role under acid stress. Together, our findings suggested ΔSEN1008 to be significantly attenuated and we propose this gene to be a potent factor responsible for S. Enteritidis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shilpa Ray
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Bikash Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tian S, Zhou X, Phuntsok T, Zhao N, Zhang D, Ning C, Li D, Zhao H. Genomic Analyses Reveal Genetic Adaptations to Tropical Climates in Chickens. iScience 2020; 23:101644. [PMID: 33103083 PMCID: PMC7578744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic footprints of adaptations to naturally occurring tropical stress along with domestication are poorly reported in chickens. Here, by conducting population genomic analyses of 67 chickens inhabiting distinct climates, we found signals of gene flow from Tibetan chickens to Sri Lankan and Saudi Arabian breeds and identified 12 positively selected genes that are likely involved in genetic adaptations to both tropical desert and tropical monsoon island climates. Notably, in tropical desert climate, advantageous alleles of TLR7 and ZC3HAV1, which could inhibit replication of viruses in cells, suggest immune adaptation to the defense against zoonotic diseases in chickens. Furthermore, comparative genomic analysis showed that four genes (OC90, PLA2G12B, GPR17 and TNFRSF11A) involved in arachidonic acid metabolism have undergone convergent adaptation to tropical desert climate between birds and mammals. Our study offers insights into the genetic mechanisms of adaptations to tropical climates in birds and other animals and provides practical value for breeding design and medical research on avian viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Tian
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tashi Phuntsok
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Dejing Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chunyou Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xie M, Zhang L, Li L, Fan M, Hou L. MiR-339 attenuates LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cells inflammatory responses and apoptosis by targeting TLR4. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1097-1105. [PMID: 32757169 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cells are important for defending against pathogen infection. LPS is an endotoxin that is highly antigenic and cytotoxic produced by bacteria. LPS disrupts the intestine epithelium integrity and induced the intestinal epithelial cell inflammation and apoptosis. Our previous study has predicted the function of exosome miRNAs through bioinformatics analysis, and we found that miR-339 had a potential function in cell inflammation response. To our knowledge, no published paper has demonstrated the miR-339 function in protecting the intestine epithelium against bacterial infection. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the miR-339 function in regulating intestinal epithelial cells to defend against bacterial infection through biological experiments and bioinformatics analyses. METHODS Through the miR-339 transfection experiment and TLR4 interfering experiment, we evaluated the function of miR-339 and TLR4 in the process of inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Through Bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase reporter experiment, we identified the target gene of miR-339. RESULTS miR-339 attenuates LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cells inflammatory responses through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis through the P53 signaling pathway. TLR4 is the target gene of miR-339. TLR4 reduced LPS-induced proinflammatory responses and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, miR-339 protected the intestine epithelial cells from LPS-induced cell inflammation and apoptosis through targeting TLR4. This study expanded our understanding of how miRNAs and genes work collaboratively in regulating intestinal epithelial cells to defend against bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Luoye Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Minhuan Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Pest Management and Bioenvironmental Health Application Technology, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianjie Hou
- Qingyuan City People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
El-Sharkawy H, Tahoun A, Rizk AM, Suzuki T, Elmonir W, Nassef E, Shukry M, Germoush MO, Farrag F, Bin-Jumah M, Mahmoud AM. Evaluation of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus Probiotics as Alternative Therapy for Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061023. [PMID: 32545606 PMCID: PMC7341506 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that represents a very critical threat to poultry industry worldwide. This study concerns an important aspect of human food and health problem by treating a common zoonotic bacterial disease in poultry industry. Owing to the increased resistance to antibiotics among Salmonellaenterica serotypes, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of different probiotics strains as alternative sources of protection against infection in broiler chickens. Three probiotic strains Lactobacillus (Lacticaseibacillus) casei ATTC334, Bifidobacterium breve JCM1192 and Bifidobacterium infantis BL2416) improved body weight gain and prevented the deleterious effects and mortality induced by Salmonella infection in chicks through different mechanisms, including competitive exclusion and the promotion of cytokines’ release. Abstract Chicken Salmonella enterica serovars are enteric bacteria associated with massive public health risks and economic losses. There is a widespread antimicrobial resistance among S.enterica serotypes, and innovative solutions to antibiotic resistance are needed. We aimed to use probiotics to reduce antibiotic resistance and identify the major probiotic players that modify the early interactions between S.enterica and host cells. One-day-old cobb broiler chicks were challenged with S. typhimurium after oral inoculation with different probiotic strains for 3 days. The adherence of different probiotic strains to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells was studied in vitro. Lactobacillus (Lacticaseibacillus) casei ATTC334 and Bifidobacterium breve JCM1192 strains attached to Caco-2 cells stronger than B. infantis BL2416. L. casei ATTC334 and B. breve JCM1192 reduced S. typhimurium recovery from the cecal tonsils by competitive exclusion mechanism. Although B. infantis BL2416 bound poorly to Caco-2 epithelial cells, it reduced S. typhimurium recovery and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production. L. casei ATTC334, B. breve JCM1192 and B. infantis BL2416 improved body weight gain and the food conversion rate in S. typhimurium-infected broilers. B. longum Ncc2785 neither attached to epithelial cells nor induced IFN-γ and TNF-α release and consequently did not prevent S. typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. In conclusion, probiotics prevented the intestinal colonization of S. typhimurium in infected chickens by competitive exclusion or cytokine production mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Amira M. Rizk
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Eldsokey Nassef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - Mousa O. Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt;
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pradhan D, Pradhan J, Mishra A, Karmakar K, Dhiman R, Chakravortty D, Negi VD. Immune modulations and survival strategies of evolved hypervirulent Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129627. [PMID: 32360143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving multidrug-resistance and hypervirulence in Salmonella is due to multiple host-pathogen, and non-host environmental interactions. Previously we had studied Salmonella adaptation upon repeated exposure in different in-vitro and in-vivo environmental conditions. This study deals with the mechanistic basis of hypervirulence of the passaged hypervirulent Salmonella strains reported previously. METHODS Real-time PCR, flow cytometry, western blotting, and confocal microscopy were employed to check the alteration of signaling pathways by the hypervirulent strains. The hypervirulence was also looked in-vivo in the Balb/c murine model system. RESULTS The hypervirulent strains altered cytokine production towards anti-inflammatory response via NF-κB and Akt-NLRC4 signaling in RAW-264.7 and U-937 cells. They also impaired lysosome number, as well as co-localization with the lysosome as compared to unpassaged WT-STM. In Balb/c mice also they caused decreased antimicrobial peptides, reduced nitric oxide level, altered cytokine production, and reduced CD4+ T cell population leading to increased organ burden. CONCLUSIONS Hypervirulent Salmonella strains infection resulted in an anti-inflammatory environment by upregulating IL-10 and down-regulating IL-1β expression. They also evaded lysosomal degradation for their survival. With inhibition of NF-κB and Akt signaling, cytokine expression, lysosome number, as well as the bacterial burden was reverted, indicating the infection mediated immune modulation by the hypervirulent Salmonella strains through these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanism of adaptation can provide better disease prognosis by either targeting the bacterial gene or by strengthening the host immune system that might ultimately help in controlling salmonellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Jasmin Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Kapudeep Karmakar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India; Regional Research Station, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, west Bengal 736165, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zaki MES, Alsayed MAL, Shrief R. Study of the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in children with acute gastroenteritis. Germs 2020; 10:27-33. [PMID: 32274357 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Gastroenteritis in children is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to determine the serum and fecal levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in children with acute gastroenteritis of viral and bacterial etiology to assess their utility as diagnostic biomarkers for these infections. Methods In this case-control study, the children were classified according to the pathogen recovered from the stool by bacterial culture or by direct viral antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) into 50 children with acute bacterial gastroenteritis and 50 children with acute viral gastroenteritis. In addition, 50 apparently healthy children were included as a control group. Blood and stool samples were subjected to detection of IL-6 and IL-8. Results There were statistically significant elevations of total leucocytes counts, absolute neutrophils count, C-reactive protein, serum IL-6 and serum IL-8 in children with gastroenteritis compared to healthy children (p<0.001). CRP, serum IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly elevated levels in children with bacterial gastroenteritis compared to viral gastroenteritis. Fecal IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly elevated levels in children with acute gastroenteritis than in healthy control (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) showed that CRP and serum IL-6 could be used as discriminative markers for acute bacterial gastroenteritis in children, in comparison to serum IL-8. Conclusions Elevated serum IL-6 and CRP can aid in differentiation between viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. Serum IL-8 had limited discrimination ability between viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. Stool levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated in children with viral and bacterial gastroenteritis, however, their assessment by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay had technical limitations to be used as differentiation biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
- MD, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Raghdaa Shrief
- PhD, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ariana A, Alturki NA, Hajjar S, Stumpo DJ, Tiedje C, Alnemri ES, Gaestel M, Blackshear PJ, Sad S. Tristetraprolin regulates necroptosis during tonic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4661-4672. [PMID: 32094226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The necrosome is a protein complex required for signaling in cells that results in necroptosis, which is also dependent on tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) signaling. TNFα promotes necroptosis, and its expression is facilitated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) but is inhibited by the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP, encoded by the Zfp36 gene). We have stimulated murine macrophages from WT, MyD88 -/-, Trif -/-, MyD88 -/- Trif -/-, MK2 -/-, and Zfp36 -/- mice with graded doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various inhibitors to evaluate the role of various genes in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced necroptosis. Necrosome signaling, cytokine production, and cell death were evaluated by immunoblotting, ELISA, and cell death assays, respectively. We observed that during TLR4 signaling, necrosome activation is mediated through the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF, and this is inhibited by MK2. In the absence of MK2-mediated necrosome activation, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNFα expression was drastically reduced, but MK2-deficient cells became highly sensitive to necroptosis even at low TNFα levels. In contrast, during tonic TLR4 signaling, WT cells did not undergo necroptosis, even when MK2 was disabled. Of note, necroptosis occurred only in the absence of TTP and was mediated by the expression of TNFα and activation of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results reveal that TTP plays an important role in inhibiting TNFα/JNK-induced necrosome signaling and resultant cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Hajjar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Christopher Tiedje
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, The Maersk Tower, 7.3, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.,Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany, 30623
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany, 30623
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada .,University of Ottawa, Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shappo MOE, Li Q, Lin Z, Hu M, Ren J, Xu Z, Pan Z, Jiao X. SspH2 as anti-inflammatory candidate effector and its contribution in Salmonella Enteritidis virulence. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104041. [PMID: 32027972 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen deploying the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) to transfer effector proteins into host cells to modify its functions and accomplish intracellular replication. To study the effect of SspH2 on immune response induced by S. Enteritidis, we generated a deletion mutant of the effector gene sspH2 and a plasmid mediated complementary strain in S. Enteritidis C50336. The results of LD50 showed that SspH2 has no obvious effect on the virulence of S. Enteritidis. However, deletion of sspH2 decreased the invasion and intercellular colonization of the bacteria in Caco2 BBE cells. Using bacteriological counts from tissue homogenates the result of colonization in internal organs showed that in spleen and liver tissues, at 3rd and 4th day p.i. there is a significance decreased number of C50336-ΔsspH2 compared to the C50336-WT and C50336-ΔsspH2-psspH2, respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis results of both in vivo and in vitro experiments clearly showed that the mutant strain C50336ΔsspH2 significantly promoted expression of IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-12, and iNOS cytokines compared to the groups infected with the wild type or complementary strains, while the IL-8 synthesis was decreased in the mutant strain infected group. All of these findings revealed that SspH2 promotes the colonization of S. Enteritidis in host cells, and it is an important anti-inflammatory biased effector in Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makarem O E Shappo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Jingwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu A, Wei L, Hu S, Yang C, Chen C, Zhou Z, Pan Z. Characterisation and functional analysis of canine TLR5. Innate Immun 2020; 26:451-458. [PMID: 31986950 PMCID: PMC7491235 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920901862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterised the single exon TLR5 gene of the Chinese rural dog. Sequence analysis revealed a 2577 nucleotide-long open reading frame of canine TLR5, encoding an 858 amino acid-long protein. The putative amino acid sequence of canine TLR5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 15 LRR domains, a LRR C-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular Toll-IL-1 receptor domain. The amino acid sequence of the canine TLR5 protein shared 95.4% identity with vulpine, 72.2% with feline and 64.7% with human TLR5. Plasmids expressing canine TLR5 and NF-κB-luciferase were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. Expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. These HEK293T cells transfected with the canine TLR5- and NF-κB-luciferase plasmids significantly responded to flagellin from Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium, indicating that it is a functional TLR5 homolog. In response to stimulation with Salmonella enteritidis, the level of TLR5 mRNA significantly increased over the control in PBMCs at 4 h. The levels of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β also increased after exposure. The highest levels of TLR5, IL-8 and IL-1β expression were detected at 8, 4 and 12 h after stimulation, respectively. These results imply that the expression of canine TLR5 may participate in the immune response against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhu
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Lingling Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Sujuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Caifa Chen
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhengkun Zhou
- College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, PR China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo Y, Xu Y, Kang X, Meng C, Gu D, Zhou Y, Xiong D, Geng S, Jiao X, Pan Z. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of TRAF6 from Yangzhou great white goose Anser anser. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103435. [PMID: 31288047 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an adaptor protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating multiple cell signaling pathway activation in a context-dependent manner. TRAF6 plays critical roles in innate immune response and regulates function of antigen-presenting cells. Here, we cloned the goose TRAF6 (goTRAF6) gene from a healthy Yangzhou great white goose (Anser anser), which had a typical TRAF structure and shared a high-sequence identity with TRAF6 of other birds. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that goTRAF6 mRNA was broadly expressed in all the studied tissues, with highest expression in the heart and pectoral muscle. Overexpression of goTRAF6 caused NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner and substantially upregulated IFN-β expression in HEK293T cells. Following Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation of goose peripheral blood mononuclear cells, goTRAF6 and downstream inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels considerably up-regulated, especially at early stages. Salmonella Enteritidis challenge caused overexpression of goTRAF6 and cytokine mRNA in all the examined organs. These findings demonstrated that goTRAF6 played a substantial role in TLR-TRAF6 signaling cascade, and further contributed to the antibacterial-responses in host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mechesso AF, Yixian Q, Park SC. Methyl gallate and tylosin synergistically reduce the membrane integrity and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221386. [PMID: 31490973 PMCID: PMC6730861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nymphaea tetragona Georgi (Nymphaceae) is traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and fever. The plant contains various active compounds, including methyl gallate (MG) which are reported to inhibit bacterial virulence mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations on viability, membrane potential and integrity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium exposed to MG in combination with Tylosin (Ty), which is relatively inactive against Gram-negative bacteria, but it is commonly used as a feed additive in livestock. Besides, the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the combination (MT) on the interaction between S. Typhimurium and the host cell, as well as on the indirect host responses, were characterized. Flow cytometry, confocal and electron microscopic examinations were undertaken to determine the effects of MT on S. Typhimurium. The impacts of sub-inhibitory concentrations of MT on biofilm formation, as well as on the adhesion, invasion and intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium were assessed. The result demonstrated significant damage to the bacterial membrane, leakage of cell contents and a reduction in the membrane potential when treated with MT. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of MT significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the biofilm-forming, adhesive and invasive abilities of S. Typhimurium. Exposure to MT drastically reduced the bacterial count in macrophages. Up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokine genes were detected in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with MT. This report is the first to describe the effects of MT against S. Typhimurium. The result indicates a synergistic interaction between MG and Ty against S. Typhimurium. Therefore, the combination may be a promising option to combat S. Typhimurium in swine and, indirectly, safeguard the health of the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Quah Yixian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie MY, Hou LJ, Sun JJ, Zeng B, Xi QY, Luo JY, Chen T, Zhang YL. Porcine Milk Exosome MiRNAs Attenuate LPS-Induced Apoptosis through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and p53 Pathways in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9477-9491. [PMID: 31429552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial endotoxin that induces intestine inflammation. Milk exosomes improve the intestine and immune system development of newborns. This study aims to establish the protective mechanisms of porcine milk exosomes on the attenuation of LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. In vivo, exosomes prevented LPS-induced intestine damage and inhibited (p < 0.05) LPS-induced inflammation. In vitro, exosomes inhibited (p < 0.05) LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis (23% ± 0.4% to 12% ± 0.2%). Porcine milk exosomes also decreased (p < 0.05) the LPS-induced TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Furthermore, exosome miR-4334 and miR-219 reduced (p < 0.05) LPS-induced inflammation through the NF-κB pathway and miR-338 inhibited (p < 0.05) the LPS-induced apoptosis via the p53 pathway. Cotransfection with these three miRNAs more effectively prevented (p < 0.05) LPS-induced cell apoptosis than these miRNAs individual transfection. The apoptosis percentage in the group cotransfected with the three miRNAs (14% ± 0.4%) was lower (p < 0.05) than that in the NC miRNA group (28% ± 0.5%), and also lower than that in each individual miRNA group. In conclusion, porcine milk exosomes protect the intestine epithelial cells against LPS-induced injury by inhibiting cell inflammation and protecting against apoptosis through the action of exosome miRNAs. The presented results suggest that the physiological amounts of miRNAs-enriched exosomes addition to infant formula could be used as a novel preventative measure for necrotizing enterocolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Lian-Jie Hou
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Jia-Jie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Qian-Yun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Jun-Yi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Control , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- Guangdong Engineering & Research Center for Woody Fodder Plants , 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tan Z, Chekabab SM, Yu H, Yin X, Diarra MS, Yang C, Gong J. Growth and Virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants Deficient in Iron Uptake. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13218-13230. [PMID: 31460449 PMCID: PMC6705229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of iron, iron chelators, and mutations of tonB or iroN fepA genes on the growth and virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Results indicated that organic iron (ferric citrate and ferrous-l-ascorbate) supported better growth of Salmonella compared to inorganic iron. Among tested chelators, 2,2'-bipyridyl at 500 μM showed the highest inhibition of Salmonella growth with 5 μM ferrous sulfate. Deletion of genes (tonB- and iroN- fepA- ) in the iron uptake system attenuated Salmonella invasion of Caco-2 cells and its ability to damage the epithelial monolayer. The expression of all tested host genes in Caco-2 was not affected under the iron-poor condition. However, claudin 3, tight junction protein 1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were altered under the iron-rich condition depending on individual mutations. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a significant down-regulation of ferritin 1 expression was observed when the nematode was infected by the wild-type (WT) strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Tan
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Samuel M. Chekabab
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Moussa S. Diarra
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Preventive effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III against Salmonella infection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
43
|
Dar MA, Urwat U, Ahmad SM, Ahmad R, Kashoo ZA, Dar TA, Bhat SA, Mumtaz PT, Shabir N, Shah RA, Heidari M. Gene expression and antibody response in chicken against Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2008-2013. [PMID: 30597054 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a primary avian pathogen responsible for severe intestinal pathology in younger chickens and economic losses to poultry industry. Furthermore, S. Typhimurium is also able to cause infection in humans, characterized by acute gastrointestinal disease. A study was conducted to investigate antibody response and expression kinetics of interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL-12, and IL-18) genes in broiler chicken at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 D post infection following experimental infection of S. Typhimurium. Immunological studies showed higher titres of IgG and IgM in the infected group as compared to the age-matched un-infected control group. The Real-Time PCR-based gene expression analysis revealed significant increase of IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-18 mRNA levels in the infected group as compared to their respective controls (P < 0.05). The present study shall help in understanding the immune responses in birds, thus allowing development of more effective vaccines and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.,Depatment of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Uneeb Urwat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Raashid Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Zahid Amin Kashoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Depatment of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shakil Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Heidari
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 4279 E. Mount Hope Rd. East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Adhikari P, Lee CH, Cosby DE, Cox NA, Kim WK. Effect of probiotics on fecal excretion, colonization in internal organs and immune gene expression in the ileum of laying hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1235-1242. [PMID: 30265331 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of probiotics on Salmonella colonization in the ceca and various internal organs as well as immune response in laying hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). Thirty-two 46-wk-old White Leghorns (W-36) were housed individually in wired laying cages under 16L:8D lighting schedule. Hens were challenged individually with nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (SENAR) after which time they were grouped into four treatments: T1 = SENAR unchallenged control, T2 = SENAR challenged control, T3 = SENAR challenged + 0.05% probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum), and T4 = SENAR challenged + 0.1% probiotics. All hens, including T1, were euthanized and sampled for the liver with gall bladder (L/GB), ileum, ovary, spleen, and ceca on 7-days post-infection (dpi). Fecal screening was performed on individual hens at both 3 and 6 dpi. No difference was detected between the treatments in cecal SENAR enumeration, and the mean log 10 cfu/gm of SENAR in the ceca was 3.7 for all three treatments. The prevalence of SENAR was lowest for ovary in all treatments and was highest in the spleen. However, there were no significant differences among the treatments in the internal organs. There was no significant difference in the fecal shedding among the treatments on either 3 or 6 dpi, with incidence of positive feces higher at 3 dpi compared to 6 dpi (100 vs. 70% to 80%). SENAR challenge resulted in significant upregulation (P < 0.05) of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, 10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mRNA expression. Highest level of probiotics resulted in a significant decrease in IFN-γ and elevation of IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression in the ileum. However, IL-1B and TLR-4 gene expression were not different from the SENAR challenge control. This study reveals that there was important regulation of immune genes by probiotics supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, United States of America
| | - C H Lee
- Genebiotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D E Cosby
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States of America
| | - N A Cox
- USDA, ARS, The U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States of America
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wahid R, Kotloff KL, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Cell mediated immune responses elicited in volunteers following immunization with candidate live oral Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A attenuated vaccine strain CVD 1902. Clin Immunol 2019; 201:61-69. [PMID: 30849494 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (PA) infection is on the rise and no licensed vaccines are available. We evaluated cell mediated immune (CMI) responses elicited in volunteers following immunization with a single dose (109 or 1010 cfu) of a novel attenuated live oral PA-vaccine strain (CVD 1902). Results showed increases in PA-lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG- and/or IgA B-memory cells and production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-23 and RANTES following stimulation with PA-antigens by peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained 28 days post immunization. Flow cytometry assays revealed that vaccine elicited PA-specific CD8+ and/or CD4+ T effector/memory cells were predominantly multifunctional concomitantly expressing CD107a and/or producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and/or IL-2. Similar proportions of these MF cells expressed, or not, the gut homing marker integrin α4β7. The results suggest that immunization with CVD 1902 elicits CMI responses against PA supporting its further evaluation as a potential vaccine candidate against paratyphoid A fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Wahid
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myron M Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu J, Gu Z, Song F, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Use Different Mechanisms to Prevent Salmonella Infection in vivo. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:299. [PMID: 30842764 PMCID: PMC6391337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-induced infectious diseases pose great threats to public health. Accordingly, many studies have investigated effective strategies targeting pathogenic infections. We previously reported the preventive effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 (ZS2058) and L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) against Salmonella spp. in a murine model. Here, we compared the mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of these Lactobacillus strains in vivo. Notably, reduced C-reactive protein levels were observed with both ZS2058 and LGG, which suggests abrogated anti-infection and inflammatory responses. ZS2058 more efficiently reduced the pathogenicity of Salmonella by increasing the level of propionic acid in feces and production of mucin 2 in the mouse colon and activity through the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-22 and IL-23/IL-17 pathways. Meanwhile, LGG more strongly alleviated gut inflammation, as indicated by changes in the levels of tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in infected mice. Moreover, both ZS2058 and LGG restored the levels of interferon (INF)-γ, a cytokine suppressed by Salmonella, albeit through different pathways. Our results demonstrate that ZS2058 and LGG prevent Salmonella infection via different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fanfen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sheppe AEF, Kummari E, Walker A, Richards A, Hui WW, Lee JH, Mangum L, Borazjani A, Ross MK, Edelmann MJ. PGE2 Augments Inflammasome Activation and M1 Polarization in Macrophages Infected With Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2447. [PMID: 30429830 PMCID: PMC6220063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are cellular metabolites, which shape the immune response, including inflammatory processes in macrophages. The effects of these lipid mediators on inflammation and bacterial pathogenesis are not clearly understood. Certain eicosanoids are suspected to act as molecular sensors for the recruitment of neutrophils, while others regulate bacterial uptake. In this study, gene expression analyses indicated that genes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis including COX-1, COX-2, DAGL, and PLA-2 are differentially regulated in THP-1 human macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium or Yersinia enterocolitica. By using targeted metabolomics approach, we found that the eicosanoid precursor, arachidonic acid (AA) as well as its derivatives, including prostaglandins (PGs) PGF2α or PGE2/PGD2, and thromboxane TxB2, are rapidly secreted from macrophages infected with these Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The magnitude of eicosanoid biosynthesis in infected host cells depends on the presence of virulence factors of Y. enterocolitica and S. Typhimurium strains, albeit in an opposite way in Y. enterocolitica compared to S. Typhimurium infection. Trials with combinations of EP2/EP4 PGE2 receptor agonists and antagonists suggest that PGE2 signaling in these infection models works primarily through the EP4 receptor. Downstream of EP4 activation, PGE2 enhances inflammasome activation and represses M2 macrophage polarization while inducing key M1-type markers. PGE2 also led to a decreased numbers of Y. enterocolitica within macrophages. To summarize, PGE2 is a potent autocrine/paracrine activator of inflammation during infection in Gram-negative bacteria, and it affects macrophage polarization, likely controlling bacterial clearance by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin E. F. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Evangel Kummari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Alyssa Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Richards
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Winnie W. Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Lauren Mangum
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu J, Gu Z, Lu W, Hu D, Zhao X, Huang H, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Multiple mechanisms applied by Lactobacillus pentosus AT6 to mute the lethal effects of Salmonella in a mouse model. Food Funct 2018; 9:2787-2795. [PMID: 29691525 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are now prevalent world-wide, as functional food supplements with many benefits for humans and animals, such as protective effects against pathogenic infection. We showed that oral supplementation of Lactobacillus pentosus AT6 (AT6) decreased the mortality rate of mice with Salmonella infection. A series of experiments showed that the protective effects of AT6 on mice involved multiple mechanisms, including (1) the inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium growth by AT6 or its cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs); (2) the reduction of the bacterial loads of Salmonella Typhimurium in intestinal contents and internal organs, such as the liver and spleen; (3) the inhibition of adhesion and invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium into intestinal epithelial cells; and (4) the regulation of host immunities by modifying the production of a chain of cytokines. In conclusion, AT6 inhibited Salmonella infection via multiple mechanisms and therefore has great potential for the development of functional foods with anti-Salmonella activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alturki NA, McComb S, Ariana A, Rijal D, Korneluk RG, Sun SC, Alnemri E, Sad S. Triad3a induces the degradation of early necrosome to limit RipK1-dependent cytokine production and necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29789521 PMCID: PMC5964080 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular signaling in programmed cell death is vital to a practical understanding of inflammation and immune cell function. Here we identify a previously unrecognized mechanism that functions to downregulate the necrosome, a central signaling complex involved in inflammation and necroptosis. We show that RipK1 associates with RipK3 in an early necrosome, independent of RipK3 phosphorylation and MLKL-induced necroptotic death. We find that formation of the early necrosome activates K48-ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of RipK1, Caspase-8, and other necrosomal proteins. Our results reveal that the E3-ubiquitin ligase Triad3a promotes this negative feedback loop independently of typical RipK1 ubiquitin editing enzymes, cIAPs, A20, or CYLD. Finally, we show that Triad3a-dependent necrosomal degradation limits necroptosis and production of inflammatory cytokines. These results reveal a new mechanism of shutting off necrosome signaling and may pave the way to new strategies for therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norah A Alturki
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Applied Medical science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Scott McComb
- Human Health and Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dikchha Rijal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert G Korneluk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emad Alnemri
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Im YB, Park WB, Jung M, Kim S, Yoo HS. Comparative Analysis of Immune Responses to Outer Membrane Antigens OMP10, OMP19, and OMP28 of Brucella abortus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 71:197-204. [PMID: 29709972 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brucella infection is accompanied by cytokine production, which serves as an important factor to evaluate the innate and adaptive immune responses. Several researchers have been investigating the mechanisms involved in Brucella infection in the host. Here, we conducted an analytical study to define pathogenic pathways and immune mechanisms involved in Brucella infection by investigating the antigenic efficacy of recombinant outer membrane protein 10 (rOMP10), outer membrane protein 19 (rOMP19), and outer membrane protein 28 (rOMP28) in vitro and in vivo upon stimulation/immunization. Cytokine production was analyzed by nitric oxide (NO) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells and naive splenocytes with the recombinant proteins. Our results show that levels of NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 increased in RAW 264.7 cells in a time-dependent manner following recombinant protein stimulation. In contrast, levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-2 increased in naive splenocytes after stimulation with proteins. ELISA and ELISpot assays were performed after immunization of mice with recombinant proteins. rOMP28 greatly increased IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α levels than IL-4 and IL-6 levels in vitro. Of the recombinant proteins, rOMP19 elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response by increasing the number of IgG-secreting cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Im
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University
| |
Collapse
|