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de Oliveira G, de Andrade Rodrigues L, Souza da Silva AA, Gouvea LC, Silva RCL, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Reduction of osteoclast formation and survival following suppression of cytokines by diacerein in periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117086. [PMID: 39013222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis causes an increase in several bioactive agents such as interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce the osteoclast formation and activity. Since diacerein exerts anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1 effects, alleviating bone destruction in osteoarthritis, we investigated whether this drug inhibits the formation and survival of osteoclast in the periodontitis. Rats were distributed into 3 groups: 1) group with periodontitis treated with 100 mg/kg diacerein (PDG), 2) group with periodontitis treated with saline (PSG) and group control (CG) without any treatment. After 7, 15 and 30 days, the maxillae were collected for light and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Gingiva samples were collected to evaluate the mRNA levels for Tnf, Il1b, Tnfsf11 and Tnfrsf11b by RT-qPCR. In PDG, the expression of Tnf and Il1b genes reduced significantly compared to PSG, except for Tnf expression at 7 days. The number of osteoclasts reduced significantly in the PDG in comparison with PSG at 7 and 15 days. In all periods, the IL-6 immunoexpression, RANKL/OPG immunoexpression and mRNA levels of Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b ratio were significantly lower in PDG than in PSG. PDG exhibited significantly higher frequency of TUNEL-positive osteoclasts than in PSG and CG at all time points. Osteoclasts with caspase-3-immunolabelled cytoplasm and nuclei with masses of condensed chromatin were observed in PDG, confirming osteoclast apoptosis. Diacerein inhibits osteoclastogenesis by decreasing Tnf and Il1b mRNA levels, resulting in decreased RANKL/OPG ratio, and induces apoptosis in osteoclasts of alveolar process of rat molars with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Andrade Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lays Cristina Gouvea
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Lima Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Scheurle A, Kunisch E, Boccaccini AR, Walker T, Renkawitz T, Westhauser F. Boric acid and Molybdenum trioxide synergistically stimulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127405. [PMID: 38325181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metals and their metal ions have been shown to exhibit certain biological functions that make them attractive for use in biomaterials, for example in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Recent data shows that Molybdenum (Mo) is a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). On the other hand, while boron (B) has been shown to enhance vascularization in BTE applications, its impact on osteogenic differentiation is volatile: while improved osteogenic differentiation has been described, other data show that B might slow down osteogenic differentiation or reduce the calcification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) when applied in higher doses. Still, the combination of pro-osteogenic Mo and pro-angiogenic B is certainly attractive in the context of biomaterials intended for the use in BTE. METHODS Therefore, the combined effect of molybdenum trioxide and boric acid at different ratios was investigated in this study to evaluate the effects on the viability, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, ECM production and maturation of BMSCs. RESULTS Mo ions proved to be stronger osteoinductive compared to B, in fact, while some osteogenic differentiation markers were downregulated in the presence of B, the presence of Mo provided compensation. The combined application of B and Mo indicated a combination of individual effects, partially even enhancing the expected combined performance of the single stimulations. CONCLUSIONS The combination of B and Mo might be beneficial for BTE applications since the limited osteogenic properties of B can be compensated by Mo. Furthermore, since B is known to be pro-angiogenic, the combination of both substances may synergistically lead to improved vascularization and bone regeneration. Future studies should assess the angiogenic performance of this combination in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scheurle
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kunisch
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Walker
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Westhauser
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gharpure M, Vyavahare S, Ahluwalia P, Gupta SK, Lee TJ, Lohakare J, Kolhe R, Lei Y, Deak F, Lu XY, Isales CM, Fulzele S. Alterations in Alzheimer's disease microglia transcriptome might be involved in bone pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106404. [PMID: 38184014 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for multiple chronic disorders in the elderly population, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Osteoporosis. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss. In addition to dementia, several studies have shown that AD patients experience an increased rate of musculoskeletal co-morbidities, such as osteoporosis. Since tissue-specific macrophages contribute to both diseases, this study analyzed the microglia transcriptome of AD mice to determine a common gene signature involved in osteoclast biology. After comparing differentially regulated genes from GEO data sets (GSE93824 and GSE212277), there were 35 common upregulated genes and 89 common downregulated genes. Of these common genes, seven genes are known to play an important role in bone homeostasis. CSF1, SPP1, FAM20C, and Cst7 were upregulated and are associated with osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. Among the downregulated genes, LILRA6, MMP9, and COL18A1 are involved in bone formation and osteoclast regulation. We further validated some of these genes (CSF1, Cst7, and SPP1) in the cortex and the bone of AD mice models. The dysregulation of these microglial genes in AD might provide insights into the co-occurrence of AD and osteoporosis and offer potential therapeutic targets to combat disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Gharpure
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Tae Jin Lee
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ferenc Deak
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Wang X, Sun B, Wang Y, Gao P, Song J, Chang W, Xiao Z, Xi Y, Li Z, An F, Yan C. Research progress of targeted therapy regulating Th17/Treg balance in bone immune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333993. [PMID: 38352872 PMCID: PMC10861655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) are common bone-immune diseases. The imbalance between helper (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) produced during differentiation of CD4+ T cells plays a key regulatory role in bone remodelling disorders in RA and PMOP. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of this imbalance in bone remodelling in RA and PMOP has not been clarified. Identifying the regulatory mechanism underlying the Th17/Treg imbalance in RA and PMOP during bone remodelling represents a key factor in the research and development of new drugs for bone immune diseases. In this review, the potential roles of Th17, Treg, and Th17/Treg imbalance in regulating bone remodelling in RA and PMOP have been summarised, and the potential mechanisms by which probiotics, traditional Chinese medicine compounds, and monomers maintain bone remodelling by regulating the Th17/Treg balance are expounded. The maintenance of Th17/Treg balance could be considered as an therapeutic alternative for the treatment of RA and PMOP. This study also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of conventional treatments and the quality of life and rehabilitation of patients with RA and PMOP. The findings presented her will provide a better understanding of the close relationship between bone immunity and bone remodelling in chronic bone diseases and new ideas for future research, prevention, and treatment of bone immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weirong Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipan Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongbin Xi
- Orthopaedics Department, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- Pathological Research Centre, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Centre, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Jawich K, Hadakie R, Jamal S, Habeeb R, Al Fahoum S, Ferlin A, De Toni L. Emerging Role of Non-collagenous Bone Proteins as Osteokines in Extraosseous Tissues. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:215-225. [PMID: 37937553 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268414231017074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a unique tissue, composed of various types of cells embedded in a calcified extracellular matrix (ECM), whose dynamic structure consists of organic and inorganic compounds produced by bone cells. The main inorganic component is represented by hydroxyapatite, whilst the organic ECM is primarily made up of type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins. These proteins play an important role in bone homeostasis, calcium regulation, and maintenance of the hematopoietic niche. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of specific bone proteins, named "osteokines", possessing endocrine functions and exerting effects on nonosseous tissues. Accordingly, osteokines have been found to act as growth factors, cell receptors, and adhesion molecules, thus modifying the view of bone from a static tissue fulfilling mobility to an endocrine organ itself. Since bone is involved in a paracrine and endocrine cross-talk with other tissues, a better understanding of bone secretome and the systemic roles of osteokines is expected to provide benefits in multiple topics: such as identification of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses in detail the known osseous and extraosseous effects of these proteins and the possible respective clinical and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda Jawich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Hadakie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Souhaib Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Habeeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Sahar Al Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Niemann T, Joneleit J, Storm J, Nacke T, Wähnert D, Kaltschmidt C, Vordemvenne T, Kaltschmidt B. Analyzing Sex-Specific Dimorphism in Human Skeletal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2683. [PMID: 38067111 PMCID: PMC10705359 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences are a current topic in contemporary science. In addition to hormonal regulation, cell-autonomous mechanisms are important in bone homeostasis and regeneration. In this study, human skeletal stem cells (SSCs) from female and male adults were cultured and analyzed with immunological assays and osteogenic differentiation assessments. Female SSCs exhibited a mean doubling time of 100.6 h, whereas male SSCs displayed a mean doubling time of 168.0 h. Immunophenotyping revealed the expression of the stem cell markers Nestin, CD133, and CD164, accompanied by the neural-crest marker SOX9. Furthermore, multiparameter flow cytometric analyses revealed a substantial population of multipotent SSCs, comprising up to 80% in both sexes. An analysis of the osteogenic differentiation potential demonstrated a strong mineralization in both male and female SSCs under physiological conditions. Recognizing the prevailing association of bone diseases with inflammatory processes, we also analyzed the osteogenic potential of SSCs from both sexes under pro-inflammatory conditions. Upon TNF-α and IL-1β treatment, we observed no sexual dimorphism on osteogenesis. In summary, we demonstrated the successful isolation and characterization of SSCs capable of rapid osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, in vitro cultured SSCs might be a suitable model to study sexual dimorphisms and develop drugs for degenerative bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Niemann
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.J.); (T.N.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
| | - Jonas Joneleit
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.J.); (T.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tom Nacke
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.J.); (T.N.); (B.K.)
| | - Dirk Wähnert
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Vordemvenne
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.J.); (T.N.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (D.W.); (C.K.); (T.V.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Bagherifard A, Hosseinzadeh A, Koosha F, Sheibani M, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and bone-related diseases: an updated mechanistic overview of current evidence and future prospects. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1677-1701. [PMID: 37393580 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone diseases account for an enormous cost burden on health systems. Bone disorders are considered as age-dependent diseases. The aging of world population has encouraged scientists to further explore the most effective preventive modalities and therapeutic strategies to overcome and reduce the high cost of bone disorders. Herein, we review the current evidence of melatonin's therapeutic effects on bone-related diseases. METHODS This review summarized evidences from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the effects of melatonin on bone-related diseases, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms. Electronically, Scopus and MEDLINE®/PubMed databases were searched for articles published on melatonin and bone-related diseases from inception to June 2023. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that melatonin has beneficial effect in bone- and cartilage-related disorders such as osteoporosis, bone fracture healing, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to the control of sleep and circadian rhythms. CONCLUSION A number of animal and clinical studies have indicated that various biological effects of melatonin may suggest this molecule as an effective therapeutic agent for controlling, diminishing, or suppressing bone-related disorders. Therefore, further clinical studies are required to clarify whether melatonin can be effective in patients with bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bagherifard
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Utilization of Nanotechnology to Improve Bone Health in Osteoporosis Exploiting Nigella sativa and Its Active Constituent Thymoquinone. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110631. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic bone disorder, is one of the leading causes of fracture and morbidity risk. Numerous medicinally important herbs have been evaluated for their efficacy in improving bone mass density in exhaustive preclinical and limited clinical studies. Nigella sativa L. has been used as local folk medicine, and traditional healers have used it to manage various ailments. Its reported beneficial effects include controlling bone and joint diseases. The present manuscript aimed to provide a sound discussion on the pharmacological evidence of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, for its utility in the effective management of osteoporosis. N. sativa is reported to possess anti-IL-1 and anti-TNF-α-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, leading to positive effects on bone turnover markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. It is reported to stimulate bone regeneration by prompting osteoblast proliferation, ossification, and decreasing osteoclast cells. Thymoquinone from N. sativa has exhibited an antioxidant effect on bone tissue by reducing the FeNTA-induced oxidative stress. The present manuscript highlights phytochemistry, pharmacological effect, and the important mechanistic perspective of N. sativa and its active constituents for the management of osteoporosis. Further, it also provides sound discussion on the utilization of a nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery approach as a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic performance of N. sativa and its active constituent, thymoquinone, in the effective management of osteoporosis.
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Falah Faraj Y, Alhamza Obed FA, Abdulatif Mtashar B, Al-Rahal NK, Hussien Kareem J. Influence of RANKL and OPG in Hemophilic arthropathy. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022:3656-3658. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by recurrent bleeding, especially in joints (hemarthrosis), leading to destructive effect to the most of joint components, resulting in synovitis, osteochondral degeneration, and eventually, end-stage hemophilic arthropathy. Objective: Since few published data exist about the influence of OPG (Osteoprotegrin) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand) in haemophilic arthropathy, the present study is conducted to investigate their serum level in hemophilic patients. Methodology: This study has been carried out on Iraqi patients with hemophilia in the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. Forty male patients involved in this study with a range of (11-44) years old, Hemophilia A affected 25 of them, while the other 15 were hemophilia B. Along with patient group, 20 healthy subjects with matched age and gender were involved as control group. The presence and severity of arthropathy among patients was determined based activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)) in hemophilic patients, while RANKL and OPG were determined in the serum samples of healthy and patient subjects. Result: The serum level of RANKL in Hemophilia A patients was (204.6pg/ml) is significantly (p0.001) higher than in control (164.5pg/ml) and in Hemophilia B patients was (200pg/ml). While the serum level of OPG in Hemophilia A patients was (67.2pg/ml) is significantly (p0.002) higher than in control (30.21pg /ml) and in Hemophilia B patients (48.85pg/ml). Conclusion: It can be concluded that this system RANKL, RANK, and OPG are important for the metabolism of bones.
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Sakthiswary R, Uma Veshaaliini R, Chin KY, Das S, Sirasanagandla SR. Pathomechanisms of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:962969. [PMID: 36059831 PMCID: PMC9428319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.962969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, in which the inflammatory processes involve the skeletal system and there is marked destruction of the bones and the surrounding structures. In this review, we discuss the current concepts of osteoimmunology in RA, which represent the molecular crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems, resulting in the disruption of bone remodeling. Bone loss in RA can be focal or generalized, leading to secondary osteoporosis. We have summarized the recent studies of bone loss in RA, which focused on the molecular aspects, such as cytokines, autoantibodies, receptor activator of nuclear kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Apart from the above molecules, the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a potential key mediator in this process through the generation of the Th17 cells, is discussed. Hence, this review highlights the key insights into molecular mechanisms of bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalingham Sakthiswary
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Rajalingham Sakthiswary
| | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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11
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Osteoprotegerin and MTHFR gene variations in rheumatoid arthritis: association with disease susceptibility and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9534. [PMID: 35680906 PMCID: PMC9184606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether the rs2073618 variant (G1181C) of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801131 (A1298AC) and rs1801133 (C677T) gene polymorphisms contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility and RA related subclinical atherosclerosis. Overall 283 RA patients and 595 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for common variants of the OPG and MTHFR genes using PCR based assays. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded following thorough chart review. Surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Carotid/Femoral intima media thickness/plaque formation) along with traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were assessed in all RA patients and 280HC. Increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant was detected in RA patients vs HC (42.4% vs. 33%, p-value: 0.04). RA patients with high serum titers of rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies displayed increased prevalence of the CC genotype of the rs2073618 variant of the OPG gene compared to HC (48.6% and 47.5 vs 33.3%, p-values: 0.0029and 0.0077 respectively). Of interest, this genotype turned to be associated with higher carotid IMT scores (0.872 ± 0.264 vs 0.816 ± 0.284, p-value: 0.01) and marginally with higher rates of carotid plaque formation (66% vs 54.1%, p = 0.06). The MTHFR 1298CC genotype was more prevalent only in the anti-CCP positive group compared to HC, with no associations detected with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, following adjustment for traditional cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Reduced rates of carotid/femoral plaque formation were detected among RA patients harboring the MTHFR TT genotype (52.4 vs 72.7, p-value: 0.009, respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for classical CVD risk factors (OR [95% CI 0.364 [0.173–0.765], p-value: 0.008). Genetic variations of the osteoprotegerin and MTHFR genes seem to increase susceptibility for seropositive RA and potentially contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis linked to RA. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Pain in Hemophilia: Unexplored Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061113. [PMID: 35740010 PMCID: PMC9220316 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia is the most common X-linked bleeding diathesis caused by the genetic deficiency of coagulation factors VIII or IX. Despite treatment advances and improvements in clinical management to prevent bleeding, management of acute and chronic pain remains to be established. Repeated bleeding of the joints leads to arthropathy, causing pain in hemophilia. However, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pain in hemophilia remain underexamined. Herein, we describe the novel perspectives on the role for oxidative stress in the periphery and the central nervous system that may contribute to pain in hemophilia. Specifically, we cross examine preclinical and clinical studies that address the contribution of oxidative stress in hemophilia and related diseases that affect synovial tissue to induce acute and potentially chronic pain. This understanding would help provide potential treatable targets using antioxidants to ameliorate pain in hemophilia.
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Munmun F, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12749. [PMID: 34085304 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone-protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Corrado A, Rotondo C, Mele A, Cici D, Maruotti N, Sanpaolo E, Colia R, Cantatore FP. Influence of glucocorticoid treatment on trabecular bone score and bone remodeling regulators in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:180. [PMID: 34229744 PMCID: PMC8261978 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GC) modulate several regulators involved in the pathogenesis of bone changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Trabecular bone score (TBS) allows the indirect assessment of bone quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GC on TBS and serum levels of bone turnover regulators in patients with recent-onset RA. Materials and methods Forty-seven subjects with recent-onset RA (< 6 months) were classified in two groups, low (lGC) and high (hGC) glucocorticoids, according to glucocorticoid dose regimens. Bone mineral density (BMD), TBS, and circulating Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and RANK-L were evaluated at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Results BMD significantly declined after 12 months with no significant difference between the lGC and hGC group, whereas TBS decreased in the hGC group only. Circulating OPG decreased during the follow-up period, the reduction being significantly greater in hGC group; conversely, sclerostin and RANK-L serum increased, in a significantly greater extent in the hGC group. TBS inversely correlated with sclerostin, RANK-L, and Dkk1 circulating levels whereas directly correlated with OPG circulating levels. GC cumulative dose showed an inverse relationship with BMD in both the hGC and lGC groups; TBS values showed an inverse relationship with GC cumulative dose in the hGC group only. GC cumulative dose was associated to higher sclerostin and lower OPG serum levels. TBS did not correlate with disease activity whereas BMD was inversely related to disease activity. Conclusions In early RA, GC exposure contributes to the reduction of BMD and affects bone quality depending on dose regimens. TBS could be a useful tool to evaluate the negative effect of GC on bone microarchitecture. Trial registration This study was ancillary to a parallel-group observational prospective study which was approved by the medical local ethics committee (protocol number DDG 334/19-06-2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rotondo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angiola Mele
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eliana Sanpaolo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ripalta Colia
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, 71100, Foggia, Italy
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Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by the decrease of bone tissue per unit volume under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors, which leads to the decrease of bone strength, makes the bone brittle, and raises the possibility of bone fracture. However, the exact mechanism that determines the progression of OP remains to be underlined. There are hundreds of trillions of symbiotic bacteria living in the human gut, which have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body that helps to maintain human health. With the development of modern high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms, there has been growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the programming of bone metabolism. In the present review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of the gut microbiome in the development of OP, such as alterations of bone metabolism, bone mineral absorption, and immune regulation. The potential of gut microbiome-targeted strategies in the prevention and treatment of OP was also evaluated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):524–530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Severinsen MCK, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5835999. [PMID: 32393961 PMCID: PMC7288608 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. During the past couple of decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works as an endocrine organ, which can produce and secrete hundreds of myokines that exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. Recent advances show that skeletal muscle produces myokines in response to exercise, which allow for crosstalk between the muscle and other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, and skin, as well as communication within the muscle itself. Although only few myokines have been allocated to a specific function in humans, it has been identified that the biological roles of myokines include effects on, for example, cognition, lipid and glucose metabolism, browning of white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, and tumor growth. This suggests that myokines may be useful biomarkers for monitoring exercise prescription for people with, for example, cancer, diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Charlotte Krogh Severinsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Poutoglidou F, Pourzitaki C, Dardalas I, Manthou ΜE, Samoladas E, Kouvelas D. The Use of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Animal Model on Studying Bone Metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:109-120. [PMID: 32356018 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CIA is a well-studied animal model of autoimmune arthritis. It resembles rheumatoid arthritis as far as histopathological changes and molecular pathogenesis are concerned. CIA is induced by immunization with collagen type II in susceptible strains. The purpose of this review is to assess the use of CIA animal model on bone metabolism and the potential therapeutic agents that could reverse this effect. A database search from their inception to 2019 was conducted to identify experimental animal studies pertinent to CIA model and bone examination. Studies including ovariectomy or without a direct comparison between control and CIA groups were excluded. Forty-eight articles were considered suitable for inclusion. Imaging techniques, biomechanical analysis, histopathological studies, and molecular biology techniques were employed. A decrease in bone mineral density in CII arthritic animals was established. Bone loss was either periarticular, generalized or both. Although trabecular bone loss was clear, the effect on cortical bone is yet to be determined. The proposed mechanism is an imbalance between bone formation and resorption as a result of osteoclast activation. The signal pathways implicated appear to be the RANKL/RANK/OPG and the Wnt pathway. Many therapeutic targets were investigated with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frideriki Poutoglidou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chryssa Pourzitaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Dardalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Μaria-Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Samoladas
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopeadics Division of Genimatas Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouvelas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Genetic variation in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 immune sensors and risk of osteoporosis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225468. [PMID: 32578848 PMCID: PMC7332673 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the Turkish population. The first time we thought that the functional polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes might have triggered the development of osteoporosis. The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 SNPs and osteoporosis. The NOD1/CARD4 (rs5743336) and NOD2/CARD15 (rs2066847) SNPs were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 94 healthy controls and 164 subjects with osteoporosis. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes AvaI for NOD1/CARD4 and ApaI for NOD2/CARD15. We found that NOD1/CARD4 genotype distribution of AA, GA and GG were 15, 44 and 41% for patients and 17, 46 and 37% for controls, respectively. NOD2/CARD15 mutation was found only in three patients (1.8%) as heterozygote. The results did not show any statistical difference between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genotype distribution of patients and healthy groups (χ2 = 1.740, P=0.187; χ2 = 1.311, P=0.519). However, the most frequent AG genotype (46%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed in healthy controls, GG genotype (44%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed as the most frequent in osteoporotic patients. NOD2/CARD15 WT/WT genotype, the most frequent genotype, was observed in both groups. Statistical analysis revealed that NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms are not associated with osteoporosis. However, a definite judgement is difficult to be made due to restricted number of patients and small size of control group. Further research is sorely warranted in this direction.
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Zhang X, Dai Z, Lau EHY, Cui C, Lin H, Qi J, Ni W, Zhao L, Lv Q, Gu J, Lin Z. Prevalence of bone mineral density loss and potential risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in rheumatic patients in China: logistic regression and random forest analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:226. [PMID: 32309373 PMCID: PMC7154412 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of change in bone mineral density (BMD) and the potential risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in rheumatic patients. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out. For this study, one thousand and seven rheumatic patients were recruited and further accepted for data collection and blood and BMD tests. The potential risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis in rheumatic patients were further analyzed by using both logistic regression analysis and random forest (RF) analysis. Results 41.1% of the male patients aged 50 years or above and 50.8% of postmenopausal patients were osteoporotic in their lumbar spine. Among these patients, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the femoral neck and total hip was 19.4% and 8.9% in men, and 27.6% and 16.5% in women respectively, while more than half of the rheumatic patients had osteopenia in the femoral neck and total hip. For men younger than 50 years and premenopausal women, BMD were lower than the health population in the femoral neck (16.5% and 18.3% respectively) and the total hip (17.4% and 10.4% respectively). Older age, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, female sex and glucocorticoid use were associated with lower BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip of patients. In RF analysis, age was ranked as the most important factor for osteopenia in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip of patients, followed by glucocorticoid use and BMI. Conclusions More interventions should be given to osteopenia patients because of the higher prevalence when compared with osteoporosis patients. Older age, BMI <18.5 kg/m2, female sex and glucocorticoid use were associated with lower BMD in rheumatic patients. The results from the logistic regression can be supplemented by random forest analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zonglin Dai
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric H Y Lau
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunping Cui
- Division of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - He Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Ni
- Division of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Like Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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20
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Qu H, Yi J, Gao X, Zhao H, Wang Z. Anti-Disuse Osteoporosis Activity of a Complex of Calcium-Binding Peptide from Auricularia auricula Protein Hydrolysates. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1909-1919. [PMID: 31237973 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that is often seen in bedridden patients and astronauts. Long-term bed rest and nonweight bearing tend to induce disuse osteoporosis. Calcium supplements are commonly used to help treat disuse osteoporosis along with medications, most of which are calcium carbonate based, but they have poor absorption effects. In this study, we prepared a novel Auricularia auricula peptide-calcium complex (AP-Ca) and evaluated its protective effects on disuse osteoporosis. In vitro assays showed that AP-Ca significantly increased the contents of calcium (P < 0.05) and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP; P < 0.05) of osteoblasts cultured in a two-dimensional-rotating wall vessel. Meanwhile, supplementation with AP-Ca also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors induced by the loss of stress, especially TNF-α (P < 0.05). In vivo, a mouse tail suspension (TS) model was established, and the results showed that AP-Ca helped to improve bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone organic content in TS mice and effectively alleviated the alteration of enzymes related to bone metabolism, including AKP (P < 0.05) and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (P < 0.05), to avoid more serious bone loss induced by TS. Furthermore, we found that AP-Ca downregulated the bone resorption-associated pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 by 59.53 ± 3.55%, 48.01 ± 5.68%, and 40.00 ± 5.89%, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AP-Ca showed potential to suppress bone loss induced by disuse and might be considered a new alternative to reduce the risk of disuse osteoporosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This peptide-calcium complex supplement exhibited protective effects on the bone loss induced by disuse, which provided a new alternative for patients and astronauts to reduce the risk of disuse osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Inst. of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of life sciences, Zhengzhou Univ., 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Inst. of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Inst. of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Inst. of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150000, China
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Mann V, Grimm D, Corydon TJ, Krüger M, Wehland M, Riwaldt S, Sahana J, Kopp S, Bauer J, Reseland JE, Infanger M, Mari Lian A, Okoro E, Sundaresan A. Changes in Human Foetal Osteoblasts Exposed to the Random Positioning Machine and Bone Construct Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061357. [PMID: 30889841 PMCID: PMC6471706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cells, when exposed to both real and simulated microgravity (s-µg), form 3D tissue constructs mirroring in vivo architectures (e.g., cartilage, intima constructs, cancer spheroids and others). In this study, we exposed human foetal osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cells to a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) for 7 days and 14 days, with the purpose of investigating the effects of s-µg on biological processes and to engineer 3D bone constructs. RPM exposure of the hFOB 1.19 cells induces alterations in the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, extra cellular matrix (ECM) and the 3D multicellular spheroid (MCS) formation. In addition, after 7 days, it influences the morphological appearance of these cells, as it forces adherent cells to detach from the surface and assemble into 3D structures. The RPM-exposed hFOB 1.19 cells exhibited a differential gene expression of the following genes: transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), SRY-Box 9 (SOX9), actin beta (ACTB), beta tubulin (TUBB), vimentin (VIM), laminin subunit alpha 1 (LAMA1), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and fibronectin 1 (FN1). RPM exposure also induced a significantly altered release of the cytokines and bone biomarkers sclerostin (SOST), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor 1 alpha (TNF-1α). After the two-week RPM exposure, the spheroids presented a bone-specific morphology. In conclusion, culturing cells in s-µg under gravitational unloading represents a novel technology for tissue-engineering of bone constructs and it can be used for investigating the mechanisms behind spaceflight-related bone loss as well as bone diseases such as osteonecrosis or bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mann
- Osteoimmunology and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Riwaldt
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Planegg, Germany.
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Clinical Oral Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiO, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71 0455 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Aina Mari Lian
- Clinical Oral Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, UiO, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71 0455 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elvis Okoro
- Osteoimmunology and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | - Alamelu Sundaresan
- Osteoimmunology and Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Cleburne, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G. Physical Activity and Bone Health: What Is the Role of Immune System? A Narrative Review of the Third Way. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30792697 PMCID: PMC6374307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue can be seen as a physiological hub of several stimuli of different origin (e.g., dietary, endocrine, nervous, immune, skeletal muscle traction, biomechanical load). Their integration, at the bone level, results in: (i) changes in mineral and protein composition and microarchitecture and, consequently, in shape and strength; (ii) modulation of calcium and phosphorous release into the bloodstream, (iii) expression and release of hormones and mediators able to communicate the current bone status to the rest of the body. Different stimuli are able to act on either one or, as usual, more levels. Physical activity is the key stimulus for bone metabolism acting in two ways: through the biomechanical load which resolves into a direct stimulation of the segment(s) involved and through an indirect load mediated by muscle traction onto the bone, which is the main physiological stimulus for bone formation, and the endocrine stimulation which causes homeostatic adaptation. The third way, in which physical activity is able to modify bone functions, passes through the immune system. It is known that immune function is modulated by physical activity; however, two recent insights have shed new light on this modulation. The first relies on the discovery of inflammasomes, receptors/sensors of the innate immunity that regulate caspase-1 activation and are, hence, the tissue triggers of inflammation in response to infections and/or stressors. The second relies on the ability of certain tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, to synthesize and secrete mediators (namely, myokines and adipokines) able to affect, profoundly, the immune function. Physical activity is known to act on both these mechanisms and, hence, its effects on bone are also mediated by the immune system activation. Indeed, that immune system and bone are tightly connected and inflammation is pivotal in determining the bone metabolic status is well-known. The aim of this narrative review is to give a complete view of the exercise-dependent immune system-mediated effects on bone metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Lombardi
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Kinesiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Pathophysiology of Hemophilic Arthropathy. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070063. [PMID: 28672826 PMCID: PMC5532571 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous joint bleeding and repeated hemarthroses lead to hemophilic arthropathy—a debilitating disease with a significant negative impact on mobility and quality of life. Iron, cytokines, and angiogenic growth factors play a pivotal role in the onset of the inflammatory process that involves the synovial tissue, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone, with early damages and molecular changes determining the perpetuation of a chronic inflammatory condition. Synovitis is one of the earliest complications of hemarthrosis, and is characterized by synovial hypertrophy, migration of inflammatory cells, and a high degree of neo-angiogenesis with subsequent bleeding. The pathogenic mechanisms and molecular pathways by which blood in the joint cavity causes articular cartilage and subchondral bone destruction have yet to be fully elucidated. Both cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases and hydroxyl radicals may induce chondrocyte apoptosis. Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (such as the molecular triad: osteoprotegerin—OPG; receptor activator of nuclear factor κB—RANK; RANK ligand—RANKL) seem instead to play a major role in the inflammatory process. These pathogenic processes interact with each other and ultimately lead to a fibrotic joint and the disabling condition characteristic of hemophilic arthropathy.
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Lombardi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Perego S, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism. Endocrine 2016; 54:284-305. [PMID: 26718191 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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The Impact of Conventional and Biological Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Bone Biology. Rheumatoid Arthritis as a Case Study. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 51:100-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Melchiorre D, Linari S, Manetti M, Romano E, Sofi F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Carulli C, Innocenti M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Castaman G. Clinical, instrumental, serological and histological findings suggest that hemophilia B may be less severe than hemophilia A. Haematologica 2015; 101:219-25. [PMID: 26494839 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.133462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that patients with severe hemophilia B may have a less severe disease compared to severe hemophilia A. To investigate clinical, radiological, laboratory and histological differences in the arthropathy of severe hemophilia A and hemophilia B, 70 patients with hemophilia A and 35 with hemophilia B with at least one joint bleeding were consecutively enrolled. Joint bleedings (<10, 10-50, >50), regimen of treatment (prophylaxis/on demand), World Federation of Hemophilia, Pettersson and ultrasound scores, serum soluble RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin were assessed in all patients. RANK, RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin expression was evaluated in synovial tissue from 18 hemophilia A and 4 hemophilia B patients. The percentage of patients with either 10-50 or more than 50 hemarthrosis was greater in hemophilia A than in hemophilia B (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively), while that with less than 10 hemarthrosis was higher in hemophilia B (P<0.0001). World Federation of Hemophilia (36.6 vs. 20.2; P<0.0001) and ultrasound (10.9 vs. 4.3; P<0.0001) score mean values were significantly higher in hemophilia A patients. Serum osteoprotegerin and soluble RANK ligand were decreased in hemophilia A versus hemophilia B (P<0.0001 and P=0.006, respectively). Osteoprotegerin expression was markedly reduced in synovial tissue from hemophilia A patients. In conclusion, the reduced number of hemarthrosis, the lower World Federation of Hemophilia and ultrasound scores, and higher osteoprotegerin expression in serum and synovial tissue in hemophilia B suggest that hemophilia B is a less severe disease than hemophilia A. Osteoprotegerin reduction seems to play a pivotal role in the progression of arthropathy in hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Rheumatology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Linari
- Center for Bleeding Disorders, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Rheumatology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Rheumatology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Christian Carulli
- First Orthopedic Clinic, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- First Orthopedic Clinic, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Castaman
- Center for Bleeding Disorders, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Liu C, Yang Y, Sun D, Wang C, Wang H, Jia S, Liu L, Lin N. Total Saponin from Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt Prevents Bone Destruction in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis via Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:528-42. [PMID: 26418168 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt is used in the clinical compound prescription for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China and has the traditional use of draining dampness, diminishing swelling, and relieving pain. Total saponins (TS) are the characteristic components and also the main active ingredients of A. flaccida. Previous reports indicated that TS possess anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties; however, the effects of TS on bone destruction of RA have not been evaluated. In this study, our data first showed the therapeutic effects of TS on severity of arthritis and arthritis progression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Then, by microfocal computed tomography (CT) quantification, TS significantly increased bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness and decreased trabecular separation of inflamed joints both at peri-articular and extra-articular locations. TS also diminished the level of the bone resorption marker CTX-I and simultaneously increased the bone formation marker osteocalcin in sera of CIA rats. Interestingly, TS prevented bone destruction by reducing the number of osteoclasts in inflamed joints, reducing the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κF (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and RANK, increasing the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), at both mRNA and protein levels, and decreasing the ratio of RANKL to OPG in inflamed joints and sera of CIA rats. This was further confirmed in the co-culture system of human fibroblast-like synovial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, TS inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in bone resorption, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 in sera and joints. These findings offer convincing evidence that TS attenuate RA partially by preventing both focal bone destruction and systemic bone loss. This anti-erosive effect results in part from inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway. The suppression of systemic and local pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines by TS was also highly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Liu
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Sun
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- 2 Guangzhou Kanghe Pharmaceutical Limited Company , Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China .,3 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, China
| | - Na Lin
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Agas D, Marchetti L, Douni E, Sabbieti MG. The unbearable lightness of bone marrow homeostasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:347-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang DW, Wang ZL, Qi W, Lei W, Zhao GY. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) down-regulates the proinflammatory cytokines in inflammation-induced osteoporosis model. Inflammation 2015; 37:1044-9. [PMID: 24493324 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) on inflammation-induced osteoporosis (IMO) was studied in this paper. After the rats were treated orally with cordycepin (20 mg/kg), serum osteocalcin (OC), homocysteine (HCY), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of collagen type I (CTX), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), they were examined by ELISA or immunohistochemistry. The specimens from the liver were also processed for light microscopic examination. The IMO rats showed a significant increase in plasma CTX, MDA, PMN, IL-1β, TNF-α, and nitrate levels as well as a significant decrease in plasma OC. These changes were attenuated by cordycepin (20 mg/kg) supplementation in the IMO rats. Examination of the liver specimens revealed mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal areas in the IMO rats which was not detected in the cordycepin (20 mg/kg) rats. These results suggest that cordycepin may act as an anti-inflammatory agent in magnesium silicate-induced inflammation in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
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30
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Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Matrix Gla protein (MGP) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Relation to disease activity. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rafeey M, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Masoumi F, Alizadeh S, Davari Farid S. Effect of breastfeeding on serum osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand in full term neonates. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:e7591. [PMID: 24693367 PMCID: PMC3950779 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.7591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Human breast milk, the sole source of nutrition during the early neonatal period, is rich in nutrients, hormones, growth factors, and immunoactive molecules, which influence the growth, development, and immune status of the newborn infant. It had long been thought that breast milk is an adequate source of anthracitic activity for the newborns and growing child. Objective Human milk is a complex biologic fluid which contains nutritional and protective factors such as Osteoprotegerin (OPG), at levels 1000-fold higher than normal human serum. Since OPG and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) system are tightly involved in bone remodeling and immune activity, the study was designated to evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL) /OPG ratio in full term neonates in comparison with those of formula feeding full term neonates. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study serum levels of OPG and sRANKL in 45 breastfed infants were compared to those of 44 formula-fed full term infants. The levels of serum OPG, sRANKL, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were determined by standard techniques using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results The serum levels of OPG were significantly higher (P < 0.001), and the concentrations of TNFα was markedly lower (P = 0.024) in breastfed infants than those of formula-fed infants. No marked differences were observed between the serum levels of sRANKL in the two study groups (P = 0.8). Conclusions High OPG and low TNFα levels in serum of breastfed infants are important factors involved in remodeling of bone, and immune activity may prove superiority of breastfeeding over formula feeding during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Rafeey
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Amir Ghorbanihaghjo, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-411336234, Fax: +98-4113363231, E-mail:
| | - Fardad Masoumi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Samira Alizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Abstract
The decline of the immune system appears to be an intractable consequence of aging, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, reduced effectiveness of vaccination and higher incidences of many diseases including osteoporosis and cancer in the elderly. These outcomes can be attributed, at least in part, to a phenomenon known as T cell replicative senescence, a terminal state characterized by dysregulated immune function, loss of the CD28 costimulatory molecule, shortened telomeres and elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Senescent CD8 T cells, which accumulate in the elderly, have been shown to frequently bear antigen specificity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), suggesting that this common and persistent infection may drive immune senescence and result in functional and phenotypic changes to the T cell repertoire. Senescent T cells have also been identified in patients with certain cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic infections, such as HIV. This review discusses the in vivo and in vitro evidence for the contribution of CD8 T cell replicative senescence to a plethora of age-related pathologies and a few possible therapeutic avenues to delay or prevent this differentiative end-state in T cells. The age-associated remodeling of the immune system, through accumulation of senescent T cells has farreaching consequences on the individual and society alike, for the current healthcare system needs to meet the urgent demands of the increasing proportions of the elderly in the US and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Chou
- Dept of Pathology &Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
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Marzaioli V, McMorrow JP, Angerer H, Gilmore A, Crean D, Zocco D, Rooney P, Veale D, Fearon U, Gogarty M, McEvoy AN, Stradner MH, Murphy EP. Histamine contributes to increased RANKL to osteoprotegerin ratio through altered nuclear receptor 4A activity in human chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:3290-301. [PMID: 22674155 DOI: 10.1002/art.34554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate histamine receptor-mediated signaling pathways, transcriptional events, and target gene expression in human cartilage. METHODS Histamine modulation of cartilage destruction was assessed by Safranin O staining and proteoglycan release. H(1) , H(2) , H(3) , and H(4) histamine receptor-dependent regulation of transcription factors (nuclear receptor 4A1 [NR4A1], NR4A2, and NR4A3), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured in primary and SW-1353 chondrocyte cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and selective histamine receptor antagonists. Soluble RANKL and OPG protein levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NR4A protein levels and transactivity were evaluated by Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and luciferase reporter assays. Stable depletion of NR4A1-3 was achieved by lentiviral transduction of NR4A short hairpin RNA. RESULTS Primary human chondrocyte cells expressed differential steady-state levels of H(1) -H(4) histamine receptor mRNA. In combination with tumor necrosis factor α, histamine significantly promoted cartilage proteoglycan depletion and release. Histamine modulated the expression of NR4A1-3 orphan receptors in primary and immortalized human chondrocyte cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Histamine selectively signaled through H(1) and H(2) histamine receptors in chondrocytes to modulate RANKL and NR4A2 expression. The temporal effects of histamine on NR4A2 gene transcription were reduced in cells pretreated with inhibitors directed against protein kinase A, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Histamine modulated the expression of RANKL with modest effects on OPG levels, leading to increased RANKL:OPG mRNA and protein ratios. Stable knockdown of NR4A1-3 expression resulted in reduced endogenous OPG levels and the loss of histamine-dependent regulation of RANKL expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that histamine, via H(1) and H(2) histamine receptors, contributes to joint disease by enhancing the ratio of RANKL to OPG expression through altered NR4A activity in human chondrocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Marzaioli
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chou JP, Effros RB. T cell replicative senescence in human aging. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:1680-98. [PMID: 23061726 PMCID: PMC3749774 DOI: 10.2174/138161213805219711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The decline of the immune system appears to be an intractable consequence of aging, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, reduced effectiveness of vaccination and higher incidences of many diseases including osteoporosis and cancer in the elderly. These outcomes can be attributed, at least in part, to a phenomenon known as T cell replicative senescence, a terminal state characterized by dysregulated immune function, loss of the CD28 costimulatory molecule, shortened telomeres and elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Senescent CD8 T cells, which accumulate in the elderly, have been shown to frequently bear antigen specificity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), suggesting that this common and persistent infection may drive immune senescence and result in functional and phenotypic changes to the T cell repertoire. Senescent T cells have also been identified in patients with certain cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic infections, such as HIV. This review discusses the in vivo and in vitro evidence for the contribution of CD8 T cell replicative senescence to a plethora of age-related pathologies and a few possible therapeutic avenues to delay or prevent this differentiative end-state in T cells. The age-associated remodeling of the immune system, through accumulation of senescent T cells has farreaching consequences on the individual and society alike, for the current healthcare system needs to meet the urgent demands of the increasing proportions of the elderly in the US and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Chou
- Dept of Pathology &Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
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Nigella sativa: A Potential Antiosteoporotic Agent. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:696230. [PMID: 22973403 PMCID: PMC3438907 DOI: 10.1155/2012/696230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa seeds (NS) has been used traditionally for various illnesses. The most abundant and active component of NS is thymoquinone (TQ). Animal studies have shown that NS and TQ may be used for the treatment of diabetes-induced osteoporosis and for the promotion of fracture healing. The mechanism involved is unclear, but it was postulated that the antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities may play some roles in the treatment of osteoporosis as this bone disease has been linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. This paper highlights studies on the antiosteoporotic effects of NS and TQ, the mechanisms behind these effects and their safety profiles. NS and TQ were shown to inhibit inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and 6 and the transcription factor, nuclear factor κB. NS and TQ were found to be safe at the current dosage for supplementation in human with precautions in children and pregnant women. Both NS and TQ have shown potential as antiosteoporotic agent but more animal and clinical studies are required to further assess their antiosteoporotic efficacies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of TKA from aseptic loosening is a growing concern, as TKA is performed with increasing frequency. Loosening is multifactorial and may be associated with elevated inflammatory cytokines in addition to biomechanical failure. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked whether proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are elevated in synovial fluid from patients undergoing revision surgery as compared to those with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We obtained synovial fluid samples from 20 patients: six with aseptic loosening of TKA (all with bone loss), 10 with primary OA, and four with RA. A panel of cytokines/chemokines was screened using a SearchLight(®) Array (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) in one revision sample. Using these data, we assayed the synovial fluids for monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) by ELISA. RESULTS We observed an increase in synovial MCP-1 levels in samples from patients planned for TKA revision compared to those with OA or RA. In patients undergoing revision arthroplasty, the mean (± SD) MCP-1 concentration was 21,233 ± 18,966 pg/mL (range, 1550-50,657 pg/mL; n = 6). In patients with OA, the mean MCP-1 level was 3012 ± 3321 pg/mL. In patients with RA, the mean MCP-1 concentration was 690 ± 561 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS All patients undergoing revision TKA showed elevated concentrations of MCP-1 compared to patients with OA and RA, suggesting MCP-1 may serve as a potential marker or predictor of bone loss in patients undergoing revision surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MCP-1 may be a novel biomarker in patients showing early symptoms of aseptic loosening of TKA.
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MELCHIORRE DANIELA, MILIA ANNAFRANCA, LINARI SILVIA, ROMANO ELOISA, BENELLI GEMMA, MANETTI MIRKO, GUIDUCCI SERENA, CECCARELLI CLAUDIA, INNOCENTI MASSIMO, CARULLI CHRISTIAN, CIVININI ROBERTO, MORFINI MASSIMO, MATUCCI-CERINIC MARCO, IBBA-MANNESCHI LIDIA. RANK-RANKL-OPG in Hemophilic Arthropathy: From Clinical and Imaging Diagnosis to Histopathology. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1678-86. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Hemarthrosis triggers hemophilic arthropathy, involving the target joints. The histopathogenesis of blood-induced joint damage remains unclear. The triad of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG; RANK-RANKL-OPG) controls bone turnover. Our aim was to evaluate RANK-RANKL-OPG expression in the synovium of hemophilic patients with severe arthropathy.Methods.Synovial biopsies were obtained from 18 patients with hemophilic arthropathy and 16 with osteoarthritis (OA) who were undergoing total knee replacement and synovectomy. The severity of hemophilic arthropathy was evaluated according to ultrasonography score, the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) orthopedic joint scale, and the radiographic Pettersson score. RANK-RANKL-OPG expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Serum levels of soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG from an extended group of 67 patients with hemophilic arthropathy and 30 healthy controls were measured by ELISA.Results.The mean ultrasonography, WFH orthopedic joint scale, and Pettersson scores in patients with hemophilic arthropathy indicated severe arthropathy. A decreased expression of OPG was found in hemophilic arthropathy synovium compared with patients with OA. RANK and RANKL immunopositivity was strong in the lining and sublining layers in hemophilic arthropathy synovial tissue. Western blotting confirmed the immunohistological findings. Serum levels of sRANKL and OPG in patients with hemophilia were lower than in healthy controls.Conclusion.In hemophilic arthropathy, the synovium highly expressed RANK and RANKL, whereas OPG immunopositivity decreased, suggesting an osteoclastic activation. Low tissue expression of OPG paralleled the serum levels of this protein and the severity of hemophilic arthropathy assessed by ultrasonography, Pettersson, and WFH orthopedic joint scale scores.
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The anti-inflammatory role of vitamin e in prevention of osteoporosis. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2011; 2012:142702. [PMID: 22162676 PMCID: PMC3226535 DOI: 10.1155/2012/142702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that inflammation may be one of the causal factors of osteoporosis. Several cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, and M-CSF were implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. These cytokines are important determinants of osteoclast differentiation and its bone resorptive activity. Anticytokine therapy using cytokine antagonists such as IL-receptor antagonist and TNF-binding protein was able to suppress the activity of the respective cytokines and prevent bone loss. Several animal studies have shown that vitamin E in the forms of palm-derived tocotrienol and α-tocopherol may prevent osteoporosis in rat models by suppressing IL-1 and IL-6. Free radicals are known to activate transcription factor NFκB which leads to the production of bone resorbing cytokines. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, may be able to neutralise free radicals before they could activate NFκB, therefore suppressing cytokine production and osteoporosis. Vitamin E has also been shown to inhibit COX-2, the enzyme involved in inflammatory reactions. Of the two types of vitamin E studied, tocotrienol seemed to be better than tocopherol in terms of its ability to suppress bone-resorbing cytokines.
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Xu S, Wang Y, Lu J, Xu J. Osteoprotegerin and RANKL in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-induced osteoporosis. Rheumatol Int 2011; 32:3397-403. [PMID: 22057136 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis represents an important cause of morbidity in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who exhibit increased fracture risk. It is thought that osteoclast and its dysfunction which mediated by many cytokines are the principal pathogenesis of this bone disease, although the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been revealed in the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of the OPG/RANKL system in RA-related bone loss. A total of 64 Chinese patients with RA and 60 healthy control subjects were involved. Serum levels of OPG and RANKL were measured by ELISA. BMD of nondominant forearm, lumbar spine(L(1-4)) and proximal femur, including femoral neck, Wards triangle, greater trochanter were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RA patients had a higher incidence of osteoporosis (23/64, 35.9%) than that in healthy controls (9/60, 15.0%) (P < 0.0001). They displayed lower BMD values than controls at positions of all detected region. Compared with healthy controls, RA group showed significantly higher serum levels of RANKL (48.4 ± 12.5 vs. 23.0 ± 11.2 pmol/l, P < 0.0001), lower serum levels of OPG (106.2 ± 40.6 vs. 231.6 ± 65.6 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), and OPG/RANKL ratio (2.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.0 ± 1.1, P < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that in RA group, plasma rheumatoid factor concentration (β = -0.187, P = 0.031), swollen joint count (β = 0.567, P = 0.029), BMD at forearm (β = 0.324, P = 0.002), femoral Wards triangle (β = 0.370, P < 0.0001), and lumbar spine (β = 0.313, P = 0.003) were the contributors for serum OPG (R ( 2 ) = 0.718, P < 0.0001). Age (β = 0.241, P = 0.042) and BMD at femoral Wards triangle (β = -0.441, P < 0.0001) and lumbar spine (β = -0.320, P = 0.013) were the determinants for serum RANKL (R ( 2 ) = 0.616, P < 0.0001), while swollen joint count (β = 1.029, P = 0.019) and BMD at femoral neck (β = 0.285, P = 0.042) for serum OPG/RANKL ratio (R ( 2 ) = 0.279, P < 0.011). Analysis of logistic regression showed age (P = 0.004, OR = 1.156, 95% CI: 1.047-1.276) and the level of C-reactive protein (P = 0.028, OR = 1.019, CI 95%: 1.002-1.036) in peripheral blood of RA were the risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis in RA, while OPG/RANKL ratio (P = 0.007, OR = 0.035, CI 95%: 0.003-0.400) was the unique protective factor. These data suggest that, in Chinese RA patients, an altered modulation of the OPG/RANKL system resulting in increased RANKL and decreased OPG in peripheral blood, could contribute to the bone loss characteristic and the generation of osteoporosis in these patients. Changes of ratio of OPG/RANKL might be a protective mechanism against the accelerated bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Street, Hefei 230022, China
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The serum levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin do not correlate with the radiographically assessed severity of idiopathic hip and knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:203-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cho ES, Lee KS, Son YO, Jang YS, Lee SY, Kwak SY, Yang YM, Park SM, Lee JC. Compressive mechanical force augments osteoclastogenesis by bone marrow macrophages through activation of c-Fms-mediated signaling. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:1260-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Assier E, Boissier MC, Dayer JM. Interleukin-6: from identification of the cytokine to development of targeted treatments. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77:532-6. [PMID: 20869898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified based on extensive research conducted simultaneously on a variety of topics ranging from hepatocyte production of acute-phase proteins to plasmacytoma growth. IL-6 is a cytokine produced by a broad array of cell types and can exert its effects on virtually all cells. IL-6 can induce cell signaling not only via the classic pathway involving the transmembrane receptor IL-6Rα (restricted cellular expression) associated with gp130 (ubiquitous and responsible for signal transmission), but also via the soluble receptor IL-6Rα, which binds to IL-6 and induces a signal mediated by the ubiquitous gp130 molecule (transsignaling). IL-6 is deregulated in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). By virtue of its multiple effects, IL-6 is involved in the various phases of RA development, including the acute phase, immuno-inflammatory phase, and destructive phase. IL-6 has an impact on the many pathogenic factors identified in RA and, consequently, holds promise for targeted treatments. However, anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies evaluated as IL-6 antagonists, instead, increased the half-life of the cytokine. In contrast, monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab) to transmembrane and soluble IL-6Rα has been found effective in patients with RA. Tocilizumab is now indicated for the treatment of adults with RA who have failed at least one synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug or TNFα antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Assier
- Li2P EA4222, PRES université Paris-Cité (Paris-13), 74, rue Marcel-Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
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Lang P, Mitchell W, Lapenna A, Pitts D, Aspinall R. Immunological pathogenesis of main age-related diseases and frailty: Role of immunosenescence. Eur Geriatr Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fish oil supplementation decreases serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:576-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Watanabe Y, Namba A, Aida Y, Honda K, Tanaka H, Suzuki N, Matsumura H, Maeno M. IL-1beta suppresses the formation of osteoclasts by increasing OPG production via an autocrine mechanism involving celecoxib-related prostaglandins in chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2009:308596. [PMID: 20204061 PMCID: PMC2829618 DOI: 10.1155/2009/308596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated interleukin (IL)-1 concentrations in synovial fluid have been implicated in joint bone and cartilage destruction. Previously, we showed that IL-1beta stimulated the expression of prostaglandin (PG) receptor EP4 via increased PGE(2) production. However, the effect of IL-1beta on osteoclast formation via chondrocytes is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of IL-1beta and/or celecoxib on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human chondrocytes, and the indirect effect of IL-1beta on osteoclast-like cell formation using RAW264.7 cells. OPG and RANKL expression increased with IL-1beta; whereas M-CSF expression decreased. Celecoxib blocked the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta. Conditioned medium from IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes decreased TRAP staining in RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that IL-1beta suppresses the formation of osteoclast-like cells via increased OPG production and decreased M-CSF production in chondrocytes, and OPG production may increase through an autocrine mechanism involving celecoxib-related PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Aki Namba
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yukiko Aida
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Honda
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumura
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masao Maeno
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Kwan Tat S, Amiable N, Pelletier JP, Boileau C, Lajeunesse D, Duval N, Martel-Pelletier J. Modulation of OPG, RANK and RANKL by human chondrocytes and their implication during osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:1482-90. [PMID: 19762475 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earlier studies suggest the involvement of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANK and RANK ligand (RANKL) in OA subchondral bone metabolism; however, few studies have looked at their functional consequences on chondrocytes. We compared the expression/production of OPG, RANK and RANKL on human normal and OA chondrocytes, and evaluated, on OA chondrocytes, their modulation by some catabolic factors. Furthermore, the role of OPG and RANKL on the production of catabolic/anabolic factors was assessed. METHODS Expression was determined using real-time PCR, production of RANK and RANKL by flow cytometry and that of OPG by ELISA. Modulation of these factors was determined upon treatment with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and PGE(2). The functional consequences were examined following treatment with soluble RANKL or OPG-Fc (OPG without the heparin-binding domain). RESULTS OPG, RANK and RANKL were expressed and produced by human chondrocytes. Membranous RANK was produced only by an OA chondrocyte subpopulation (29%) localized throughout the cartilage. The OPG/RANKL ratio was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced on the OA chondrocytes, whereas the RANK/RANKL ratio was significantly (P < 0.03) increased. OPG and membranous RANKL levels were significantly enhanced by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and PGE(2), whereas membranous RANK was significantly increased only with IL-1beta. Administration of soluble RANKL had no effect on the OA chondrocytes. However, addition of OPG-Fc significantly stimulated MMP-13 (P = 0.05) and protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) (P < 0.04) production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that human chondrocytes express and produce OPG, RANK and RANKL. OA chondrocyte treatment with catabolic factors pointed towards an increased biological effect of OPG. Interestingly, OPG appears to be involved in OA progression by increasing two catabolic factors involved in cartilage pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Kwan Tat
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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New perspective in osteoarthritis: the OPG and RANKL system as a potential therapeutic target? Keio J Med 2009; 58:29-40. [PMID: 19398882 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.58.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodelling is tightly regulated by a molecular triad composed of OPG/RANK/RANKL. The receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) (localized on osteoblasts) enhances osteoclastogenesis via interaction with its receptor RANK (localized on osteoclasts), whereas osteoprotegerin (OPG) (produced by osteoblasts) inhibits this osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANKL. The equilibrium between OPG and RANKL plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of bone. Although some studies have shown the efficacy of OPG as a therapeutic agent against bone resorption, its bioavailability and mechanism of action after binding to RANKL have only recently been studied. A mechanistic investigation based on what becomes of OPG after binding to cells expressing membranous RANKL demonstrated an internalization process of OPG through the clathrin pathway prior to proteasomal and/or lysosomal degradation. Interestingly, the OPG internalization process reduced the half-life of RANKL. Recent evidence has shown that subchondral bone alterations in osteoarthritis (OA) are intimately involved in cartilage degradation, and that OPG/RANKL may be implicated. Data show that human OA subchondral bone osteoblasts have abnormal OPG and RANKL levels and consequently an altered OPG and RANKL ratio. Further data also reveal the involvement of some osteotropic factors in these altered levels and that some of these factors generally target RANKL with a differential modulation of the RANKL isoforms. Altogether, data suggest that this system could be targeted as a new strategy for the treatment of OA.
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Lee JS, Ryu CH, Moon NH, Kim SJ, Park SY, Suh KT. Changes in serum levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, osteoprotegerin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2009; 129:711-8. [PMID: 18427820 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-008-0632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several reports indicated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha) play important regulatory roles in bone remodeling and homeostasis. In addition, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been shown to be important regulators of osteoclastogenesis during bone remodeling, and their expressions were examined during fracture healing in a mouse model of tibial fracture. However, studies linking RANKL, OPG, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with head injury and fracture are lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS Within the first few hours of admission to hospital and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injury, we evaluated changes in serum levels of RANKL, OPG, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in 24 male patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture and in 26 male patients with fracture only. These levels were compared with those found in 36 healthy controls. RESULTS The RANKL/OPG ratios were found to significantly lower in patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture than in the controls immediately after admission and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injury. In addition, RANKL/OPG ratios were significantly lower in patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture than in those with fracture at 8 and 12 weeks after the injury. The serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture than in the controls upon admission, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injury. Moreover, the serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with a head injury and fracture than in those with just a fracture at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the injury. CONCLUSIONS Based on these changes in the profiles of RANKL, OPG, and IL-6 and the RANKL/OPG ratio, altered repair of a fracture can occur in patients with a concomitant head injury and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
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J. CL, H. C, J.E. F. Osteoimmunology — The hidden immune regulation of bone. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 8:250-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Inflammation and bone loss are hallmarks of periodontal disease (PD). The question is how the former leads to the latter. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that PD involves bacterially derived factors and antigens that stimulate a local inflammatory reaction and activation of the innate immune system. Proinflammatory molecules and cytokine networks play essential roles in this process. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha seem to be primary molecules that, in turn, influence cells in the lesion. Antigen-stimulated lymphocytes (B and T cells) also seem to be important. Eventually, a cascade of events leads to osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss via the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. This axis and its regulation are not unique to PD but rather are critical for pathologic lesions involving chronic inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence in models of PD clearly indicate that increases in RANKL mRNA expression and protein production increase the RANKL/OPG ratio and stimulate the differentiation of macrophage precursor cells into osteoclasts. They also stimulate the maturation and survival of the osteoclast, leading to bone loss. OPG mRNA expression and protein production do not generally seem to be increased in the periodontitis lesion. Studies of RANKL and OPG transgenic and knockout animals provide further support for the involvement of these molecules in the tissue loss observed in PD. Ironically, periodontal practitioners have focused on the bacterial etiology of PD and believed that plaque removal was aimed at eliminating specific bacteria or bacterial complexes. However, it seems that the reduction of inflammation and attenuation of the host's immune reaction to the microbial plaque, eventually leading to a decrease in the ratio of RANKL/OPG and a decrease in associated bone loss, are the actual and desired outcomes of periodontal therapy. Future therapeutic options are likely to have regulation of the RANK-RANKL-OPG axis as their goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7702 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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