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Al-Horani RA, Ayyad A. Educating the public about toxic chemicals that we unknowingly consume: A potential important role for the practicing pharmacists. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024; 64:355-363. [PMID: 37940098 PMCID: PMC10947896 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Although lifestyle factors are important in determining the overall health of the general public, the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and other environmental toxins is often underestimated. There is growing evidence indicating that these substances have a significant influence on metabolic health, cancer risks, and fertility. Therefore, it is the shared responsibility of public health officials and health care professionals, including pharmacists, to educate the public about the potential exposure to harmful toxins present in our immediate surroundings, particularly toxic chemicals that we unknowingly consume. Pharmacists play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining public health. This article reviews a selection of common toxins and their significant health risks. Pharmacists can prepare educational materials, hold presentations at public libraries, and participate in scientific meetings to disseminate knowledge about the potential exposure to these toxins, their detrimental impact on health, and strategies and recommendations to minimize exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans LA
| | - Ahlam Ayyad
- Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans LA
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Martins AC, Virgolini MB, Ávila DS, Scharf P, Li J, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Bowman AB, Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Mitochondria in the Spotlight: C. elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate Xenobiotic-Induced Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2124. [PMID: 37681856 PMCID: PMC10486742 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration, ATP production, and the regulation of various cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been directly linked to pathophysiological conditions, making them a significant target of interest in toxicological research. In recent years, there has been a growing need to understand the intricate effects of xenobiotics on human health, necessitating the use of effective scientific research tools. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nonpathogenic nematode, has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating toxic mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction. With remarkable genetic homology to mammals, C. elegans has been used in studies to elucidate the impact of contaminants and drugs on mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the effects of several toxic metals and metalloids, drugs of abuse and pesticides on mitochondria, highlighting the utility of C. elegans as a model organism to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by xenobiotics. Mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics are discussed, emphasizing their essential role in cellular viability and the regulation of processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, specific toxins and toxicants, such as arsenic, cadmium, and manganese are examined in the context of their impact on mitochondrial function and the utility of C. elegans in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of C. elegans as an experimental model providing a promising platform for investigating the intricate relationships between xenobiotics and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge could contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of contaminants and drugs of abuse, ultimately enhancing our understanding of these complex processes and promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Miriam B. Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis Elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jung Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Jayanti S, Dalla Verde C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11478. [PMID: 37511235 PMCID: PMC10380707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends and loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective disorders, addiction, attention deficit disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn) are susceptible to stressors, and inflammation is a recognized risk for neuronal malfunctioning and cell death in major neurodegenerative diseases. Less is known for non-neurodegenerative conditions. Among the endogenous defenses, bilirubin, a heme metabolite, has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory activity and, most importantly, to prevent DOPAn demise in an ex vivo model of PD by acting on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). This review summarizes the evidence linking DOPAn, inflammation (when possible, specifically TNFα), and bilirubin as an anti-inflammatory in order to understand what is known, the gaps that need filling, and the hypotheses of anti-inflammatory strategies to preserve dopamine homeostasis with bilirubin included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Fan HH, Zheng J, Huang XY, Wu KY, Cui L, Dong HJ, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhu JH. An antisense Alu transposon insertion/deletion polymorphism of ALDH1A1 may functionally associate with Parkinson's disease. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:427. [PMID: 35578164 PMCID: PMC9109383 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (encoded by ALDH1A1) has been shown to protect against Parkinson's disease (PD) by reducing toxic metabolites of dopamine. We herein revealed an antisense Alu element insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 4 of ALDH1A1, and hypothesized that it might play a role in PD. METHODS: A Han Chinese cohort comprising 488 PD patients and 515 controls was recruited to validate the Alu insertion/deletion polymorphism following a previous study of tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms, where rs7043217 was shown to be significantly associated with PD. Functional analyses of the Alu element insertion were performed. RESULTS The Alu element of ALDH1A1 was identified to be a variant of Yb8 subfamily and termed as Yb8c4. The antisense Yb8c4 insertion/deletion polymorphism (named asYb8c4ins and asYb8c4del, respectively) appeared to be in a complete linkage disequilibrium with rs7043217 and was validated to be significantly associated with PD susceptibility with asYb8c4ins serving as a risk allele (P = 0.030, OR = 1.224, 95% CI = 1.020-1.470). Multiple functional analyses including ALDH1A1 mRNA expression in blood cells of carriers, and reporters of EGFP and luciferase showed that the asYb8c4ins had a suppressive activity on gene transcription. Mechanistic explorations suggested that the asYb8c4ins induced no changes in CpG methylation and mRNA splicing of ALDH1A1 and appeared no binding of transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results consolidate an involvement of ALDH1 in PD pathogenesis. The asYb8c4 polymorphism may be a functional output of its linkage disequilibrium-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Yun Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao-Jia Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Gao J, Hao Y, Piao X, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052682. [PMID: 35269824 PMCID: PMC8910853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Nelson MAM, Efird JT, Kew KA, Katunga LA, Monroe TB, Doorn JA, Beatty CN, Shi Q, Akhter SA, Alwair H, Robidoux J, Anderson EJ. Enhanced Catecholamine Flux and Impaired Carbonyl Metabolism Disrupt Cardiac Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Diabetes Patients. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:235-251. [PMID: 33066717 PMCID: PMC8262387 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Catecholamine metabolism via monoamine oxidase (MAO) contributes to cardiac injury in models of ischemia and diabetes, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are unclear. MAO deaminates norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine to produce H2O2 and highly reactive "catecholaldehydes," which may be toxic to mitochondria due to the localization of MAO to the outer mitochondrial membrane. We performed a comprehensive analysis of catecholamine metabolism and its impact on mitochondrial energetics in atrial myocardium obtained from patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Results: Content and maximal activity of MAO-A and MAO-B were higher in the myocardium of patients with diabetes and they were associated with body mass index. Metabolomic analysis of atrial tissue from these patients showed decreased catecholamine levels in the myocardium, supporting an increased flux through MAOs. Catecholaldehyde-modified protein adducts were more abundant in myocardial tissue extracts from patients with diabetes and were confirmed to be MAO dependent. NE treatment suppressed mitochondrial ATP production in permeabilized myofibers from patients with diabetes in an MAO-dependent manner. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was substantially decreased in atrial myocardium from these patients, and metabolomics confirmed lower levels of ALDH-catalyzed catecholamine metabolites. Proteomic analysis of catechol-modified proteins in isolated cardiac mitochondria from these patients identified >300 mitochondrial proteins to be potential targets of these unique carbonyls. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings illustrate a unique form of carbonyl toxicity driven by MAO-mediated metabolism of catecholamines, and they reveal pathogenic factors underlying cardiometabolic disease. Importantly, they suggest that pharmacotherapies targeting aldehyde stress and catecholamine metabolism in heart may be beneficial in patients with diabetes and cardiac disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 235-251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret-Ann M Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jimmy T Efird
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kimberly A Kew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - T Blake Monroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cherese N Beatty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shahab A Akhter
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hazaim Alwair
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacques Robidoux
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Dalvi-Garcia F, Fonseca LL, Vasconcelos ATR, Hedin-Pereira C, Voit EO. A model of dopamine and serotonin-kynurenine metabolism in cortisolemia: Implications for depression. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008956. [PMID: 33970902 PMCID: PMC8136856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major factor contributing to the etiology of depression is a neurochemical imbalance of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, which is caused by persistently high levels of circulating stress hormones. Here, a computational model is proposed to investigate the interplay between dopaminergic and serotonergic-kynurenine metabolism under cortisolemia and its consequences for the onset of depression. The model was formulated as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations represented with power-law functions. Parameter values were obtained from experimental data reported in the literature, biological databases, and other general information, and subsequently fine-tuned through optimization. Model simulations predict that changes in the kynurenine pathway, caused by elevated levels of cortisol, can increase the risk of neurotoxicity and lead to increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceltahyde (DOPAL) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL). These aldehydes contribute to alpha-synuclein aggregation and may cause mitochondrial fragmentation. Further model analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of both serotonin transport and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase decreased the levels of DOPAL and 5-HIAL and the neurotoxic risk often associated with depression. The mathematical model was also able to predict a novel role of the dopamine and serotonin metabolites DOPAL and 5-HIAL in the ethiology of depression, which is facilitated through increased cortisol levels. Finally, the model analysis suggests treatment with a combination of inhibitors of serotonin transport and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase as a potentially effective pharmacological strategy to revert the slow-down in monoamine neurotransmission that is often triggered by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dalvi-Garcia
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis L. Fonseca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Meslin C, Bozzolan F, Braman V, Chardonnet S, Pionneau C, François MC, Severac D, Gadenne C, Anton S, Maibèche M, Jacquin-Joly E, Siaussat D. Sublethal Exposure Effects of the Neonicotinoid Clothianidin Strongly Modify the Brain Transcriptome and Proteome in the Male Moth Agrotis ipsilon. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020152. [PMID: 33670203 PMCID: PMC7916958 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insect pest management relies mainly on neurotoxic insecticides, including neonicotinoids such as clothianidin. Low doses of insecticides can stimulate various life traits in target pest insects, whereas negative effects are expected. We recently showed that treatments with different low doses of clothianidin could modify behavioral and neuronal sex pheromone responses in the male moth, Agrotis ipsilon. In this study, we showed that clothianidin disrupted 1229 genes and 49 proteins at the molecular level, including numerous enzymes of detoxification and neuronal actors, which could explain the acclimatization in pest insects to the insecticide-contaminated environment. Abstract Insect pest management relies mainly on neurotoxic insecticides, including neonicotinoids such as clothianidin. The residual accumulation of low concentrations of these insecticides can have positive effects on target pest insects by enhancing various life traits. Because pest insects often rely on sex pheromones for reproduction and olfactory synaptic transmission is cholinergic, neonicotinoid residues could indeed modify chemical communication. We recently showed that treatments with low doses of clothianidin could induce hormetic effects on behavioral and neuronal sex pheromone responses in the male moth, Agrotis ipsilon. In this study, we used high-throughput RNAseq and proteomic analyses from brains of A. ipsilon males that were intoxicated with a low dose of clothianidin to investigate the molecular mechanisms leading to the observed hormetic effect. Our results showed that clothianidin induced significant changes in transcript levels and protein quantity in the brain of treated moths: 1229 genes and 49 proteins were differentially expressed upon clothianidin exposure. In particular, our analyses highlighted a regulation in numerous enzymes as a possible detoxification response to the insecticide and also numerous changes in neuronal processes, which could act as a form of acclimatization to the insecticide-contaminated environment, both leading to enhanced neuronal and behavioral responses to sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meslin
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Virginie Braman
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Solenne Chardonnet
- Plateforme Post-Génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), UMS 37 PASS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (S.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Plateforme Post-Génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (P3S), UMS 37 PASS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (S.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Marie-Christine François
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Christophe Gadenne
- Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 49045 Angers, France; (C.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Sylvia Anton
- Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 49045 Angers, France; (C.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Martine Maibèche
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - David Siaussat
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (C.M.); (F.B.); (V.B.); (M.-C.F.); (M.M.); (E.J.-J.)
- Département Ecologie Sensorielle, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INRAE, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université de Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
- Correspondence:
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Tevzadze G, Barbakadze T, Kvergelidze E, Zhuravliova E, Shanshiashvili L, Mikeladze D. Gut neurotoxin p-cresol induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and increases the expression of neurofilament subunits in PC-12 cells. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 9:12-23. [PMID: 35434277 PMCID: PMC8941194 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Increased p-cresol levels reportedly alter brain dopamine metabolism and exacerbate neurological disorders in experimental animals. In contrast to toxic concentrations, low doses of p-cresol may have distinct effects on neuronal metabolism. However, the role of p-cresol in synapse remodeling, neurite outgrowth, and other anabolic processes in neurons remains elusive. We propose that low doses of p-cresol affect neuronal cell structural remodeling compared with the high concentration-mediated harmful effects. Thus, the effects of p-cresol on the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurofilament subunit expression were examined using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12 cells). We observed that low doses of p-cresol potentiated nerve growth factor-induced differentiation via secretion of BDNF in cultured PC-12 cells. Opioidergic compounds modulated these p-cresol effects, which were reversed by oxytocin. We propose that this effect of p-cresol has an adaptive and compensatory character and can be attributed to the induction of oxidative stress. Accordingly, we hypothesize that low doses of p-cresol induce mild oxidative stress, stimulating BDNF release by activating redox-sensitive genes. Given that the intestinal microbiome is the primary source of endogenous p-cresol, the balance between gut microbiome strains (especially Clostridium species) and opioidergic compounds may directly influence neuroplasticity.</p>
</abstract>
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Tevzadze
- 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Tamar Barbakadze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Elisabed Kvergelidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Lali Shanshiashvili
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - David Mikeladze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili ave, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine 14, Gotua Str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
- * Correspondence: ; Tel.: +995577421170
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11
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Ahmed MA, Kamel EO. Involvement of H 2 S, NO and BDNF-TrkB signalling pathway in the protective effects of simvastatin against pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:461-476. [PMID: 32562563 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction was observed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled mice. The potential effectiveness of simvastatin (SIM) on PTZ-induced kindling and cognitive impairments in mice was evaluated. The influence of SIM on hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), nitric oxide (NO), reactive aldehydes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B (BDNF-TrkB) signalling was also investigated. Kindling and cognitive impairments in mice were induced by 12 ip injections of PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every alternate day. The levels of reactive aldehydes and nitrite were increased while H2 S was decreased in PTZ-treated mice. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, cystathionine β-synthase, BDNF and TrkB. In PTZ-kindled mice, a rise in brain inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression associated with histopathological changes was observed. SIM administration (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, daily orally) along with alternate day of PTZ (35 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease in PTZ-induced kindling with a dose-dependent improvement in cognitive function. SIM (10 mg/kg) prevented, to variable extent, the disturbances associated with PTZ-kindled mice with cortical, cerebellar and hippocampal structural improvement. These results suggested that SIM triggers multiple mechanisms that improve cognitive function in PTZ-kindled mice through modulation of oxidative stress, H2 S, NO and BDNF-TrkB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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12
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Targeting liver aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 prevents heavy but not moderate alcohol drinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25974-25981. [PMID: 31792171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908137116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme for detoxification the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde, is recognized as a promising therapeutic target to treat alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Disulfiram, a potent ALDH2 inhibitor, is an approved drug for the treatment of AUD but has clinical limitations due to its side effects. This study aims to elucidate the relative contribution of different organs in acetaldehyde clearance through ALDH2 by using global- (Aldh2 -/-) and tissue-specific Aldh2-deficient mice, and to examine whether liver-specific ALDH2 inhibition can prevent alcohol-seeking behavior. Aldh2 -/- mice showed markedly higher acetaldehyde concentrations than wild-type (WT) mice after acute ethanol gavage. Acetaldehyde levels in hepatocyte-specific Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2 Hep-/-) mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice post gavage, but did not reach the levels observed in Aldh2 -/- mice. Energy expenditure and motility were dramatically dampened in Aldh2 -/- mice, but moderately decreased in Aldh2 Hep-/- mice compared to controls. In the 2-bottle paradigm and the drinking-in-the-dark model, Aldh2 -/- mice drank negligible volumes from ethanol-containing bottles, whereas Aldh2 Hep-/- mice showed reduced alcohol preference at high but not low alcohol concentrations. Glial cell- or neuron-specific Aldh2 deficiency did not affect voluntary alcohol consumption. Finally, specific liver Aldh2 knockdown via injection of shAldh2 markedly decreased alcohol preference. In conclusion, although the liver is the major organ responsible for acetaldehyde metabolism, a cumulative effect of ALDH2 from other organs likely also contributes to systemic acetaldehyde clearance. Liver-targeted ALDH2 inhibition can decrease heavy drinking without affecting moderate drinking, providing molecular basis for hepatic ALDH2 targeting/editing for the treatment of AUD.
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13
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Salas-Leal AC, Sandoval-Carrillo A, Romero-Gutiérrez E, Castellanos-Juárez FX, Méndez-Hernández EM, La Llave-León O, Quiñones-Canales G, Arias-Carrión O, Salas-Pacheco JM. rs3764435 Associated With Parkinson's Disease in Mexican Mestizos: Case-Control Study Reveals Protective Effects Against Disease Development and Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1066. [PMID: 31649613 PMCID: PMC6794556 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder. Genetic risk factors provide information about the pathophysiology of PD that could potentially be used as biomarkers. The ALDH1A1 gene encodes for the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, which is involved in the disposal of toxic metabolites of dopamine. Due to the cytotoxic nature of aldehydes, their detoxification is essential for cellular homeostasis. It has been reported that ALDH1A1 expression levels and activity are decreased in PD patients. A deficit in ALDH1A1 activity in the substantia nigra, may lead to the accumulation of neurotoxic aldehydes and eventually the cell death seen in PD. One of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that may modulate ALDH1A1 activity levels is rs3764435 (A/C). To investigate whether a statistical association exists between PD and the SNP rs3764435, we carried out a population-based Case-Control association study (120 PD patients and 178 non-PD subjects) in Mexican mestizos. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyped for rs3764435 using real-time PCR. A significant difference was found between PD cases and controls in both allelic and genotypic frequencies. The calculated OR showed that the C/C genotype is a protective factor under the codominant and recessive models of inheritance. However, after stratifying by sex, the protective role of this genotype is conserved only in men. Also, under the codominant and dominant models, rs3764435 appears to exert a protective effect against cognitive impairment in PD patients. Here for the first time, we show an association between PD and rs3764435 in a Mexican mestizo population, suggesting it confers neuroprotection for dementia in PD and is neuroprotective against developing PD in the males of this population. While analysis of the SNP looks favorable, replication of our study in cell lines or rs3764435 KO mice is required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma C Salas-Leal
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Ada Sandoval-Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Romero-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edna M Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Osmel La Llave-León
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José M Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
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14
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A Novel Multi-Target Small Molecule, LCC-09, Inhibits Stemness and Therapy-Resistant Phenotypes of Glioblastoma Cells by Increasing miR-34a and Deregulating the DRD4/Akt/mTOR Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101442. [PMID: 31561595 PMCID: PMC6826618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of glioblastomas (GBMs) is challenged by the development of therapeutic resistance and early disease recurrence, despite multi-modal therapy. This may be attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) which are known to survive radio- and chemotherapy, by circumventing death signals and inducing cell re-population. Recent findings suggest GSCs may be enriched by certain treatment modality. These necessitate the development of novel therapeutics capable of targeting GBM cell plasticity and therapy-resistant GSCs. Here, aided by computer-assisted structure characterization and target identification, we predicted that a novel 5-(2′,4′-difluorophenyl)-salicylanilide derivative, LCC-09, could target dopamine receptors and oncogenic markers implicated in GBMs. Bioinformatics data have indicated that dopamine receptor (DRD) 2, DRD4, CD133 and Nestin were elevated in GBM clinical samples and correlated to TMZ (Temozolomide) resistance and increased ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase) activity (3.5–8.9%) as well as enhanced (2.1–2.4-fold) neurosphere formation efficiency in U87MG and D54MG GBM cell lines. In addition, TMZ-resistant GSC phenotype was associated with up-regulated DRD4, Akt, mTOR, β-catenin, CDK6, NF-κB and Erk1/2 expression. LCC-09 alone, or combined with TMZ, suppressed the tumorigenic and stemness traits of TMZ-resistant GBM cells while concomitantly down-regulating DRD4, Akt, mTOR, β-catenin, Erk1/2, NF-κB, and CDK6 expression. Notably, LCC-09-mediated anti-GBM/GSC activities were associated with the re-expression of tumor suppressor miR-34a and reversal of TMZ-resistance, in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data lay the foundation for further exploration of the clinical feasibility of administering LCC-09 as single-agent or combinatorial therapy for patients with TMZ-resistant GBMs.
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15
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K M, V C. Phytoconstituents in the Management of Pesticide Induced Parkinson’s Disease- A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that environmental factors have a crucial role in triggering and/ or propagating the pathological changes in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although many studies have been and being performed by utilizing MPTP like chemicals to study the effectiveness of new extracts and compounds in PD, a little focus was made on the role of pesticides. Since agricultural fields account for 37.7% of land area worldwide and the use of pesticides is an important risk factor in neurodegeneration, there is a crucial need to focus on the association between pesticides and PD. Benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide is being widely used in India in cultivation of tropical crops. Studies prove the chronic exposure of benomyl leads to aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition caused DOPAL toxicity, subsequently leading to dopamine degradation and Parkinson’s disease. Till date, there is no remedy for pesticide induced Parkinson’s disease. This review provides an insight of the pathophysiological aspects of pesticide induced Parkinson’s disease and also enlightens the importance of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa K
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur-603203
| | - Chitra V
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur-603203
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16
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Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L. Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31488222 PMCID: PMC6728988 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A full understanding of Parkinson's Disease etiopathogenesis and of the causes of the preferential vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is still an unsolved puzzle. A multiple-hit hypothesis has been proposed, which may explain the convergence of familial, environmental and idiopathic forms of the disease. Among the various determinants of the degeneration of the neurons in Substantia Nigra pars compacta, in this review we will focus on the endotoxicity associated to dopamine dyshomeostasis. In particular, we will discuss the relevance of the reactive dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) in the catechol-induced neurotoxicity. Indeed, the synergy between the catechol and the aldehyde moieties of DOPAL exacerbates its reactivity, resulting in modification of functional protein residues, protein aggregation, oxidative stress and cell death. Interestingly, αSynuclein, whose altered proteostasis is a recurrent element in Parkinson's Disease pathology, is considered a preferential target of DOPAL modification. DOPAL triggers αSynuclein oligomerization leading to synapse physiology impairment. Several factors can be responsible for DOPAL accumulation at the pre-synaptic terminals, i.e. dopamine leakage from synaptic vesicles, increased rate of dopamine conversion to DOPAL by upregulated monoamine oxidase and decreased DOPAL degradation by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Various studies report the decreased expression and activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases in parkinsonian brains, as well as genetic variants associated to increased risk in developing the pathology. Thus, we discuss how the deregulation of these enzymes might be considered a contributing element in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease or a down-stream effect. Finally, we propose that a better understanding of the impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's Disease would allow a more refined patients stratification and the design of more targeted and successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, and National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Cao F, Souders Ii CL, Perez-Rodriguez V, Martyniuk CJ. Elucidating Conserved Transcriptional Networks Underlying Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson's Disease: A Focus on Chemicals of Epidemiological Relevance. Front Genet 2019; 9:701. [PMID: 30740124 PMCID: PMC6355689 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While a number of genetic mutations are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), it is also widely acknowledged that the environment plays a significant role in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological evidence suggests that occupational exposure to pesticides (e.g., dieldrin, paraquat, rotenone, maneb, and ziram) is associated with a higher risk of developing PD in susceptible populations. Within dopaminergic neurons, environmental chemicals can have an array of adverse effects resulting in cell death, such as aberrant redox cycling and oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, unfolded protein response, ubiquitin-proteome system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disruption. More recently, our understanding of how pesticides affect cells of the central nervous system has been strengthened by computational biology. New insight has been gained about transcriptional and proteomic networks, and the metabolic pathways perturbed by pesticides. These networks and cell signaling pathways constitute potential therapeutic targets for intervention to slow or mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. Here we review the epidemiological evidence that supports a role for specific pesticides in the etiology of PD and identify molecular profiles amongst these pesticides that may contribute to the disease. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, these transcripts were compared to those regulated by the PD-associated neurotoxicant MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). While many transcripts are already established as those related to PD (alpha-synuclein, caspases, leucine rich repeat kinase 2, and parkin2), lesser studied targets have emerged as “pesticide/PD-associated transcripts” [e.g., phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C (Pigc), allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Aif1), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3, and DNA damage inducible transcript 4]. We also compared pesticide-regulated genes to a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in PD which revealed new genetic mutant alleles; the pesticides under review regulated the expression of many of these genes (e.g., ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a1, and bridging integrator 3). The significance is that these proteins may contribute to pesticide-related increases in PD risk. This review collates information on transcriptome responses to PD-associated pesticides to develop a mechanistic framework for quantifying PD risk with exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Cao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher L Souders Ii
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Veronica Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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18
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Aldehyde adducts inhibit 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-induced α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity: Implication for Parkinson neuroprotective therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 845:65-73. [PMID: 30579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), the monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolite of dopamine, plays a role in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, inducing α-synuclein aggregation. DOPAL generates discrete α-synuclein aggregates. Inhibiting this aggregation could provide therapy for slowing Parkinson disease progression. Primary and secondary amines form adducts with aldehydes. Rasagiline and aminoindan contain these amine groups. DOPAL-induced α-synuclein aggregates were resolved in the presence and absence of rasagiline or aminoindan using quantitative Western blotting. DOPAL levels in incubation mixtures, containing increased rasagiline or aminoindan concentrations, were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Schiff base adducts between DOPAL and rasagiline or aminoindan were determined using mass spectrometry. A neuroprotective effect of rasagiline and aminoindan against DOPAL-induced toxicity was demonstrated using PC-12 cells. Rasagiline and aminoindan significantly reduced aggregation of α-synuclein of all sizes in test tube and PC-12 cells experiments. Dimethylaminoindan did not reduce aggregation. DOPAL levels in incubation mixtures were reduced with increasing rasagiline or aminoindan concentrations but not with dimethylaminoindan. Schiff base adducts between DOPAL and either rasagiline or aminoindan were demonstrated by mass spectrometry. A neuroprotective effect against DOPAL-induced toxicity in PC-12 cells was demonstrated for both rasagiline and aminoindan. Inhibiting DOPAL-induced α-synuclein aggregation through amine adducts provides a therapeutic approach for slowing Parkinson disease progression.
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Cagle BS, Crawford RA, Doorn JA. Biogenic Aldehyde-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Disease. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018; 13:16-21. [PMID: 31304429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative decomposition of several biomolecules produces reactive aldehydes. Monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically converted to aldehydes via monoamine oxidase followed by further metabolism such as carbonyl oxidation/reduction. Elevated levels of aldehyde intermediates are implicated as factors in several pathological conditions, including Parkinson's disease. The biogenic aldehydes produced from dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin are known to be toxic, generate reactive oxygen species and/or cause aggregation of proteins such as α-synuclein. Polyunsaturated lipids undergo oxidative decomposition to produce biogenic aldehydes, including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde. These lipid aldehydes, some including an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, target important proteins such as α-synuclein, proteasome degradation and G-protein-coupled signaling. Overproduction of biogenic aldehydes is a hypothesized factor in neurodegeneration; preventing their formation or scavenging may provide means for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna S Cagle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242-1112, USA
| | - Rachel A Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242-1112, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242-1112, USA
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20
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Degl'Innocenti D, Ramazzotti M, Sarchielli E, Monti D, Chevanne M, Vannelli GB, Barletta E. Oxadiazon affects the expression and activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and acylphosphatase in human striatal precursor cells: A possible role in neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2018; 411:110-121. [PMID: 30391265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to herbicides can induce long-term chronic adverse effects such as respiratory diseases, malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxadiazon, a pre-emergence or early post-emergence herbicide, despite its low acute toxicity, may induce liver cancer and may exert adverse effects on reproductive and on endocrine functions. Unlike other herbicides, there are no indications on neurotoxicity associated with long-term exposure to oxadiazon. Therefore, we have analyzed in primary neuronal precursor cells isolated from human striatal primordium the effects of non-cytotoxic doses of oxadiazon on neuronal cell differentiation and migration, and on the expression and activity of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and of the acylphosphatase (ACYP). ALDH2 activity protects neurons against neurotoxicity induced by toxic aldehydes during oxidative stress and plays a role in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. ACYP is involved in ion transport, cell differentiation, programmed cell death and cancer, and increased levels of ACYP have been revealed in fibroblasts from patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. In this study we demonstrated that non-cytotoxic doses of oxadiazon were able to inhibit neuronal striatal cell migration and FGF2- and BDNF-dependent differentiation towards neuronal phenotype, and to inhibit the expression and activity of ALDH2 and to increase the expression and activity of ACYP2. In addition, we have provided evidence that in human primary neuronal precursor striatal cells the inhibitory effects of oxadiazon on cell migration and differentiation towards neuronal phenotype were achieved through modulation of ACYP2. Taken together, our findings reveal for the first time that oxadiazon could exert neurotoxic effects by impairing differentiative capabilities of primary neuronal cells and indicate that ALDH2 and ACYP2 are relevant molecular targets for the neurotoxic effects of oxadiazon, suggesting a potential role of this herbicide in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Chevanne
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Barletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Biochemical characterization of the catecholaldehyde reactivity of L-carnosine and its therapeutic potential in human myocardium. Amino Acids 2018; 51:97-102. [PMID: 30191330 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative deamination of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) by monoamine oxidase (MAO) generates the catecholaldehydes 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), respectively, and H2O2. Catecholaldehydes are highly reactive electrophiles that have been implicated as causal factors in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiac injury from ischemia and diabetes. The reactivity of both catechol and aldehyde groups enables the catecholaldehdyes to cross-link proteins and other biological molecules. Carnosine is a β-alanyl-histidine dipeptide found in millimolar concentrations in brain and myocardium. It is well known to detoxify aldehydes formed from oxidized lipids and sugars, yet the reactivity of carnosine with catecholaldehydes has never been reported. Here, we investigated the ability of carnosine to form conjugates with DOPAL and DOPEGAL. Both catecholaldehydes were highly reactive towards L-cysteine (L-Cys), as well as carnosine; however, glutathione (GSH) showed essentially no reactivity towards DOPAL. In contrast, GSH readily reacted with the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), while carnosine showed low reactivity to 4HNE by comparison. To determine whether carnosine mitigates catecholaldehyde toxicity, samples of atrial myocardium were collected from patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Using permeabilized myofibers prepared from this tissue, mitochondrial respiration analysis revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in ADP-stimulated respiration with DOPAL. Pre-incubation with carnosine, but not GSH or L-Cys, significantly reduced this effect (p < 0.05). Carnosine was also able to block formation of catecholaldehyde protein adducts in isolated human cardiac mitochondria treated with NE. These findings demonstrate the unique reactivity of carnosine towards catecholaldehydes and, therefore, suggest a novel and distinct biological role for histidine dipeptides in this detoxification reaction. The therapeutic potential of carnosine in diseases associated with catecholamine-related toxicity is worthy of further examination.
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Weng M, Xie X, Liu C, Lim KL, Zhang CW, Li L. The Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 2018:9163040. [PMID: 30245802 PMCID: PMC6139203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9163040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The precise mechanism underlying pathogenesis of PD is not fully understood, but it has been widely accepted that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediator of PD pathogenesis. The causative factors of PD such as gene mutation, neuroinflammation, and iron accumulation all could induce ROS generation, and the later would mediate the dopaminergic neuron death by causing oxidation protein, lipids, and other macromolecules in the cells. Obviously, it is of mechanistic and therapeutic significance to understand where ROS are derived and how ROS induce dopaminergic neuron damage. In the present review, we try to summarize and discuss the main source of ROS in PD and the key pathways through which ROS mediate DA neuron death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593
| | - Cheng-wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the spotlight: The link between mitochondria and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:19-24. [PMID: 29936317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunctions and resultant oxidative stress are likely responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily plays a crucial role in several biological processes including development and detoxification pathways in the organism. In particular, ALDH2 is crucial in the oxidative metabolism of toxic aldehydes in the brain, such as catecholaminergic metabolites (DOPAL and DOPEGAL) and the principal product of lipid peroxidation process 4-HNE. This review aims to deepen the current knowledge regarding to ALDH2 function and its relation with brain-damaging processes that increase the risk to develop neurodegenerative disorders. We focused on relevant literature of what is currently known at molecular and cellular levels in experimental models of these pathologies. The understanding of ALDH2 contributions could be a potential target in new therapeutic approaches for PD and AD due to its crucial role in mitochondrial normal function maintenance that protects against neurotoxicity.
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Post MR, Lieberman OJ, Mosharov EV. Can Interactions Between α-Synuclein, Dopamine and Calcium Explain Selective Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease? Front Neurosci 2018; 12:161. [PMID: 29593491 PMCID: PMC5861202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence place alpha-synuclein (aSyn) at the center of Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, but it is still unclear why overexpression or mutated forms of this protein affect some neuronal populations more than others. Susceptible neuronal populations in PD, dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the locus coeruleus (LC), are distinguished by relatively high cytoplasmic concentrations of dopamine and calcium ions. Here we review the evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis of neurodegeneration, including recent papers that demonstrate synergistic interactions between aSyn, calcium ions and dopamine that may lead to imbalanced protein turnover and selective susceptibility of these neurons. We conclude that decreasing the levels of any one of these toxicity mediators can be beneficial for the survival of SNpc and LC neurons, providing multiple opportunities for targeted drug interventions aimed at modifying the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Post
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ori J Lieberman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Werner-Allen JW, Monti S, DuMond JF, Levine RL, Bax A. Isoindole Linkages Provide a Pathway for DOPAL-Mediated Cross-Linking of α-Synuclein. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1462-1474. [PMID: 29394048 PMCID: PMC6120588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a toxic and reactive product of dopamine catabolism. In the catecholaldehyde hypothesis for Parkinson's disease, it is a critical driver of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons that characterizes the disease. DOPAL also cross-links α-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, which are a pathological hallmark of the disease. We previously described the initial adduct formed in reactions between DOPAL and α-synuclein, a dicatechol pyrrole lysine (DCPL). Here, we examine the chemical basis for DOPAL-based cross-linking. We find that autoxidation of DCPL's catechol rings spurs its decomposition, yielding an intermediate dicatechol isoindole lysine (DCIL) product formed by an intramolecular reaction of the two catechol rings to give an unstable tetracyclic structure. DCIL then reacts with a second DCIL to give a dimeric, di-DCIL. This product is formed by an intermolecular carbon-carbon bond between the isoindole rings of the two DCILs that generates two structurally nonequivalent and separable atropisomers. Using α-synuclein, we demonstrate that the DOPAL-catalyzed formation of oligomers can be separated into two steps. The initial adduct formation occurs robustly within an hour, with DCPL as the main product, and the second step cross-links α-synuclein molecules. Exploiting this two-stage reaction, we use an isotopic labeling approach to show the predominant cross-linking mechanism is an interadduct reaction. Finally, we confirm that a mass consistent with a di-DCIL linkage can be observed in dimeric α-synuclein by mass spectrometry. Our work elucidates previously unknown pathways of catechol-based oxidative protein damage and will facilitate efforts to detect DOPAL-based cross-links in disease-state neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Werner-Allen
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sarah Monti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jenna F. DuMond
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rodney L. Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ad Bax
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Enayah SH, Vanle BC, Fuortes LJ, Doorn JA, Ludewig G. PCB95 and PCB153 change dopamine levels and turn-over in PC12 cells. Toxicology 2017; 394:93-101. [PMID: 29233657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) exposure at low chronic levels is a significant public health concern. Animal and epidemiological studies indicate that low PCB body burden may cause neurotoxicity and be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we measured the ability of two non-dioxin like PCBs, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) and 2,2'3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB95), to alter dopamine (DA) levels and metabolism using the dopaminergic PC12 cell line. Our hypothesis is that treatment of PC12 cells with non-toxic concentrations of PCB153 or PCB95 for 12 and 24 h will have different effects due to different congener structures. Levels of DA and of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), 3, 4-dihyroxylphenylethanol (DOPET), and 3,4-dihyroxylphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) metabolite, gene expression of the dopamine synthesis enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), and gene expression of the anti-oxidant enzymes Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide oxidase (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were determined. PCB153 decreased intracellular and extracellular levels of DA after 12 h exposure and this was consistent with an increase in DA metabolites. After 24 h, the level of DA in medium increased compared to the control. In contrast, PCB95 exposure increased the intracellular DA level and decreased DA in medium consistent with a down-regulation of VMAT2 expression at 12 h. After 24 h exposure, PCB95 increased DA levels in media. Expression of TH mRNA increased slightly following 12 h but not at 24 h exposure. MnSOD mRNA increased up to 6-7 fold and Cu/ZnSOD increased less than two-fold after treatment with both congeners. Catalase expression was up-regulated following 24 h exposure to PCB153 and PCB95, but GPx expression was down-regulated after 12 h exposure to PCB95 only. These results suggest that PCB153 and PCB95 are neurotoxic and affect DA turnover with structure-dependent differences between these two congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah H Enayah
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Brigitte C Vanle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Laurence J Fuortes
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, United States; Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, United States; Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States.
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Uomori T, Horimoto Y, Mogushi K, Matsuoka J, Saito M. Relationship between alcohol metabolism and chemotherapy-induced emetic events in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:702-707. [PMID: 28217830 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-017-0761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can negatively affect quality of life and treatment compliance in breast cancer patients. Habitual alcohol consumption reportedly shows an inverse correlation with CINV, though the underlying mechanism is unknown. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), one of the two ALDH isozymes, is reportedly the major factor among several genetic polymorphisms possibly affecting alcohol metabolism. More than 40% of Japanese have ALDH2 mutations, while almost all Westerners have the wild type. We hypothesized that ALDH2 polymorphism status might relate to the metabolism of emetic chemotherapeutic drugs. Relationships among habitual alcohol consumption, ALDH2 polymorphisms, and CINV in Japanese breast cancer patients given adjuvant chemotherapy containing high-emetic drugs were, thus, investigated. METHODS We enrolled 81 women, between 20 and 55 years of age, who had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer and received (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy at our institution. ALDH2 genotypes were analyzed employing the smart amplification process in peripheral blood samples. RESULTS The wild type (ALDH2*1/*1), heterozygote (ALDH2*1/*2), and mutant homozygote (ALDH2*2/*2) genotypes were found in 53, 44, and 3% of patients, respectively. Complete response, i.e., no vomiting without rescue anti-emetics, was more frequent in patients who habitually consumed alcohol than in those who did not (p = 0.036). This trend remained only in ALDH2 heterozygotes when patients were categorized according to ALDH2 genotype. Logistic regression analysis revealed alcohol intake to be an independent predictive factor for complete response (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed habitual alcohol intake to be related to a lower CINV incidence. The impact of alcohol intake on CINV in patients with ALDH2 polymorphisms merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Uomori
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joe Matsuoka
- Clinical Research Support Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Bunkyo-ku, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Saito
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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DOPAL derived alpha-synuclein oligomers impair synaptic vesicles physiological function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40699. [PMID: 28084443 PMCID: PMC5233976 DOI: 10.1038/srep40699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and by accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aS) aggregates in the surviving neurons. The dopamine catabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a highly reactive and toxic molecule that leads to aS oligomerization by covalent modifications to lysine residues. Here we show that DOPAL-induced aS oligomer formation in neurons is associated with damage of synaptic vesicles, and with alterations in the synaptic vesicles pools. To investigate the molecular mechanism that leads to synaptic impairment, we first aimed to characterize the biochemical and biophysical properties of the aS-DOPAL oligomers; heterogeneous ensembles of macromolecules able to permeabilise cholesterol-containing lipid membranes. aS-DOPAL oligomers can induce dopamine leak in an in vitro model of synaptic vesicles and in cellular models. The dopamine released, after conversion to DOPAL in the cytoplasm, could trigger a noxious cycle that further fuels the formation of aS-DOPAL oligomers, inducing neurodegeneration.
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Bai X, Wey MCY, Martinez PA, Shi C, Fernandez E, Strong R. Neurochemical and motor changes in mice with combined mutations linked to Parkinson's disease. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2017; 7:1267855. [PMID: 28326165 PMCID: PMC5328310 DOI: 10.1080/20010001.2017.1267855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder. Reduced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), enzymes that function to detoxify aldehydes and hydroxyl radicals, respectively, has been reported in the substantia nigra of patients who died with PD. To determine whether deficiency in these two genes contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, mice were generated with homozygous null mutations of both Aldh1a1 (the murine homolog of ALDH1) and Gpx1 genes [knockout (KO) mice]. At 6 and 18 months of age, KO mice showed a significantly decreased latency to fall in the automated accelerating rotarod test and increased time to complete the pole test opamine levels were not altered; however, the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the DOPAC/dopamine ratio were significantly reduced at 18 months of age. Proteins adducted with 4-hydroxynonenal, the end-product of lipid peroxidation, were increased in the. midbrain and striatum of KO mice at 6 and 18 months. In conclusion, dual mutations in Gpx1 and Aldh1a1 genes are associated with motor deficits and increased lipid peroxidation in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Margaret Chia-Ying Wey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paul Anthony Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Management Science and Statistics, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Li M, Zhang P, Wei HJ, Li MH, Zou W, Li X, Gu HF, Tang XQ. Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibition of Reactive Aldehydes Involving Upregulation of ALDH2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:305-315. [PMID: 27988490 PMCID: PMC5409037 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, induces cognitive dysfunction. Reactive aldehydes play an important role in cognitive dysfunction. Aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 detoxifies reactive aldehydes. Hydrogen sulfide, a novel neuromodulator, has neuroprotective effects and regulates learning and memory. Our previous work confirmed that the disturbance of hydrogen sulfide synthesis is invovled in homocysteine-induced defects in learning and memory. Therefore, the present work was to explore whether hydrogen sulfide ameliorates homocysteine-generated cognitive dysfunction and to investigate whether its underlying mechanism is related to attenuating accumulation of reactive aldehydes by upregulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2. METHODS The cognitive function of rats was assessed by the Morris water maze test and the novel object recognition test. The levels of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and glutathione as well as the activity of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; the expression of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 was detected by western blot. RESULTS The behavior experiments, Morris water maze test and novel objects recognition test, showed that homocysteine induced deficiency in learning and memory in rats, and this deficiency was reversed by treatment of NaHS (a donor of hydrogen sulfide). We demonstrated that NaHS inhibited homocysteine-induced increases in generations of MDA and 4-HNE in the hippocampus of rats and that hydrogen sulfide reversed homocysteine-induced decreases in the level of glutathione as well as the activity and expression of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 in the hippocampus of rats. CONCLUSION Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates homocysteine-induced impairment in cognitive function by decreasing accumulation of reactive aldehydes as a result of upregulations of glutathione and aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Hai-jun Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang),,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Wei and Dr Tang)
| | - Man-Hong Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Li)
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang)
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and,Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang),,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Wei and Dr Tang)
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Casida JE. Unexpected Metabolic Reactions and Secondary Targets of Pesticide Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4471-4477. [PMID: 27192487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides provide a fascinating combination of substituents not present in other environmental chemicals, leading to unexpected metabolites and toxicological effects in pests, mammals, and other organisms. The parent compound and/or metabolites of some pesticides have multiple targets, requiring identification of the causal agents and their modes of action. This review considers a few of the author's observations in the past six decades, some solved and others still puzzling. It illustrates that a new substituent combination not only confers specific chemical and physical properties to a class of compounds but often yields metabolites with a surprising variety of biological activities. Examples considered include proinsecticides, procyclic phosphates, CYP inhibitors as synergists, thiocarbamate sulfoxides, promutagens, carcinogens, and hepatotoxins, and stress tolerance inducers in plants. Although the discoveries considered are based on pesticide toxicology, they are broadly applicable to environmental toxicology and xenobiotics in animals, plants, and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Casida
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 114 Wellman Hall, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-3112, United States
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1H-NMR and HPLC–MS/MS-based global/targeted metabolomic evaluation of Hypericum perforatum L. intervention for menopause. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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33
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Md S, Mustafa G, Baboota S, Ali J. Nanoneurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1922-34. [PMID: 26057769 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1052081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brain disorders remain the world's leading cause of disability, and account for more hospitalizations and prolonged care than almost all other diseases combined. The majority of drugs, proteins and peptides do not readily permeate into brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus impeding treatment of these conditions. OBJECTIVE Attention has turned to developing novel and effective delivery systems to provide good bioavailability in the brain. METHODS Intranasal administration is a non-invasive method of drug delivery that may bypass the BBB, allowing therapeutic substances direct access to the brain. However, intranasal administration produces quite low drug concentrations in the brain due limited nasal mucosal permeability and the harsh nasal cavity environment. Pre-clinical studies using encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticulate systems improved the nose to brain targeting and bioavailability in brain. However, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on brain function are unknown. RESULT AND CONCLUSION This review highlights the understanding of several brain diseases and the important pathophysiological mechanisms involved. The review discusses the role of nanotherapeutics in treating brain disorders via nose to brain delivery, the mechanisms of drug absorption across nasal mucosa to the brain, strategies to overcome the blood brain barrier, nanoformulation strategies for enhanced brain targeting via nasal route and neurotoxicity issues of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU) , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- b College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , and.,c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
| | - Javed Ali
- c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi , India
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34
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Chiu CC, Yeh TH, Lai SC, Wu-Chou YH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Huang YC, Chen YJ, Chen CL, Chang YM, Wang HL, Lu CS. Neuroprotective effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation in rotenone-induced cellular and animal models of parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:244-53. [PMID: 25263579 PMCID: PMC4415848 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) functions as a cellular protector against oxidative stress by detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes. Within dopaminergic neurons, dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase to yield 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) then converts to a less toxic acid product by ALDH. The highly toxic and reactive DOPAL has been hypothesized to contribute to the selective neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanism and therapeutic effect of ALDH2 in rotenone models for parkinsonism. Overexpression of wild-type ALDH2 gene, but not the enzymatically deficient mutant ALDH2*2 (E504K), reduced rotenone-induced cell death. Application of a potent activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, was effective in protecting against rotenone-induced apoptotic cell death in both SH-SY5Y cells and primary cultured substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of Alda-1 significantly reduced rotenone- or MPTP-induced death of SN tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons. The attenuation of rotenone-induced apoptosis by Alda-1 resulted from decreasing ROS accumulation, reversal of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and inhibition of activation of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The present study demonstrates that ALDH2 plays a crucial role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function to protect against neurotoxicity and that Alda-1 is effective in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. These results indicate that ALDH2 activation could be a neuroprotective therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Lai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yah-Huei Wu-Chou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ming Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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35
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Martin CA, Barajas A, Lawless G, Lawal HO, Assani K, Lumintang YP, Nunez V, Krantz DE. Synergistic effects on dopamine cell death in a Drosophila model of chronic toxin exposure. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:344-51. [PMID: 25160001 PMCID: PMC4264678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegenerative effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) are marked by a selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to the pesticide paraquat may increase the risk for PD and DA cell loss. However, combined exposure with additional fungicide(s) including maneb and/or ziram may be required for pathogenesis. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms, we have developed a Drosophila model of chronic paraquat exposure. We find that while chronic paraquat exposure alone decreased organismal survival and motor function, combined chronic exposure to both paraquat and maneb was required for DA cell death in the fly. To initiate mechanistic studies of this interaction, we used additional genetic reagents to target the ubiquitin proteasome system, which has been implicated in some rare familial forms of PD and the toxic effects of ziram. Genetic inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligase, but not the proteasome itself, increased DA cell death in combination with maneb but not paraquat. These studies establish a model for long-term exposure to multiple pesticides, and support the idea that pesticide interactions relevant to PD may involve inhibition of protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara A Martin
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Angel Barajas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - George Lawless
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Hakeem O Lawal
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Khadij Assani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Yosephine P Lumintang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Vanessa Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - David E Krantz
- UCLA Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Room 3335, Hatos Center For Neuropharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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