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Santiago-Sánchez GS, Fabian KP, Hodge JW. A landscape of checkpoint blockade resistance in cancer: underlying mechanisms and current strategies to overcome resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2308097. [PMID: 38306161 PMCID: PMC10841019 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2308097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have achieved a durable response in advanced-stage cancer patients. However, there is still a high proportion of patients who do not benefit from ICI therapy due to a lack of response when first treated (primary resistance) or detection of disease progression months after objective response is observed (acquired resistance). Here, we review the current FDA-approved ICI for the treatment of certain solid malignancies, evaluate the contrasting responses to checkpoint blockade in different cancer types, explore the known mechanisms associated with checkpoint blockade resistance (CBR), and assess current strategies in the field that seek to overcome these mechanisms. In order to improve current therapies and develop new ones, the immunotherapy field still has an unmet need in identifying other molecules that act as immune checkpoints, and uncovering other mechanisms that promote CBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kellsye P. Fabian
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James W. Hodge
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Cao Q, Fang H, Tian H. mRNA vaccines contribute to innate and adaptive immunity to enhance immune response in vivo. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122628. [PMID: 38820767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have been widely employed as strategies for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Amid the global outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have witnessed rapid development. Generally, in the case of mRNA vaccines, the initiation of the innate immune system serves as a prerequisite for triggering subsequent adaptive immune responses. Critical cells, cytokines, and chemokines within the innate immune system play crucial and beneficial roles in coordinating tailored immune reactions towards mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, immunostimulators and delivery systems play a significant role in augmenting the immune potency of mRNA vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we systematically delineate the latest advancements in mRNA vaccine research, present an in-depth exploration of strategies aimed at amplifying the immune effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, and offer some perspectives and recommendations regarding the future advancements in mRNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China; Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
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3
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Sinkarevs S, Strumfs B, Volkova S, Strumfa I. Tumour Microenvironment: The General Principles of Pathogenesis and Implications in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38920685 PMCID: PMC11201569 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, constituting around 30-40% of all cases. Almost 60% of patients develop relapse of refractory DLBCL. Among the reasons for the therapy failure, tumour microenvironment (TME) components could be involved, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and different subtypes of cytotoxic CD8+ cells and T regulatory cells, which show complex interactions with tumour cells. Understanding of the TME can provide new therapeutic options for patients with DLBCL and improve their prognosis and overall survival. This review provides essentials of the latest understanding of tumour microenvironment elements and discusses their role in tumour progression and immune suppression mechanisms which result in poor prognosis for patients with DLBCL. In addition, we point out important markers for the diagnostic purposes and highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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4
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Švajger U, Kamenšek U. Interleukins and interferons in mesenchymal stromal stem cell-based gene therapy of cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:76-90. [PMID: 38508954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is importantly shaped by various cytokines, where interleukins (ILs) and interferons (IFNs) shape the balance of immune activity within tumor niche and associated lymphoid organs. Their importance in activation and tuning of both innate and adaptive immune responses prompted their use in several clinical trials, albeit with limited therapeutic efficacy and risk of toxicity due to systemic administration. Increasing preclinical evidence suggests that local delivery of ILs and IFNs could significantly increase their effectiveness, while simultaneously attenuate the known side effects and issues related to their biological activity. A prominent way to achieve this is to use cell-based delivery vehicles. For this purpose, mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are considered an almost ideal candidate. Namely, MSCs can be obtained in large quantities and from obtainable sources (e.g. umbilical cord or adipose tissue), their ex vivo expansion is relatively straightforward compared to other cell types and they possess very low immunogenicity making them suitable for allogeneic use. Importantly, MSCs have shown an intrinsic capacity to respond to tumor-directed chemotaxis. This review provides a focused and detailed discussion on MSC-based gene therapy using ILs and IFNs, engineering techniques and insights on potential future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Šlajmerjeva Ulica 6, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Kamenšek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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5
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Xu Y, Sun X, Tong Y. Interleukin-12 in multimodal tumor therapies for induction of anti-tumor immunity. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38753073 PMCID: PMC11098992 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of IL-12 in the combination strategies. And we also discussed the delivery methods and tumor-targeted modification of IL-12 and outlines future prospects for IL-12 as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Omigen, Inc, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Ahmadnia A, Mohammadi S, Yamchi A, Kalani MR, Farazmandfar T, Khosravi A, Memarian A. Augmenting the Antitumor Efficacy of Natural Killer Cells via SynNotch Receptor Engineering for Targeted IL-12 Secretion. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2931-2945. [PMID: 38666913 PMCID: PMC11048765 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of innate immunity, known for their potent tumor surveillance abilities. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown promise in cancer targeting, but optimizing CAR designs for NK cell functionality remains challenging. CAR-NK cells have gained attention for their potential to reduce side effects and enable scalable production in cancer immunotherapy. This study aimed to enhance NK cell anti-tumor activity by incorporating PD1-synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors. A chimeric receptor was designed using UniProt database sequences, and 3D structure models were generated for optimization. Lentiviral transduction was used to introduce PD1-Syn receptors into NK cells. The expression of PD1-Syn receptors on NK cell surfaces was assessed. Engineered NK cells were co-cultured with PDL1+ breast cancer cells to evaluate their cytotoxic activity and ability to produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) upon interaction with the target cells. This study successfully expressed the PD1-Syn receptors on NK cells. CAR-NK cells secreted IL-12 and exhibited target-dependent IFNγ production when engaging PDL1+ cells. Their cytotoxic activity was significantly enhanced in a target-dependent manner. This study demonstrates the potential of synNotch receptor-engineered NK cells in enhancing anti-tumor responses, especially in breast cancer cases with high PDL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadnia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
| | - Ahad Yamchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan P.O. Box 386, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Kalani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
| | - Ayyoub Khosravi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan P.O. Box 665, Iran
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7
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Wu B, Liang J, Yang X, Fang Y, Kong N, Chen D, Wang H. A Programmable Peptidic Hydrogel Adjuvant for Personalized Immunotherapy in Resected Stage Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8585-8597. [PMID: 38478659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvant treatment after surgical resection usually plays an important role in delaying disease recurrence. Immunotherapy displays encouraging results in increasing patients' chances of staying cancer-free after surgery, as reported by recent clinical trials. However, the clinical outcomes of current immunotherapy need to be improved due to the limited responses, patient heterogeneity, nontargeted distribution, and immune-related adverse effects. This work describes a programmable hydrogel adjuvant for personalized immunotherapy after surgical resection. By filling the hydrogel in the cavity, this system aims to address the limited secretion of granzyme B (GrB) during immunotherapy and improve the low immunotherapy responses typically observed, while minimizing immune-related side effects. The TLR7/8 agonist imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) is linked to the self-assembling peptide backbone through a GrB-responsive linkage. Its release could enhance the activation and function of immune cells, which will lead to increased secretion of GrB and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy together. The hydrogel adjuvant recruits immune cells, initiates dendritic cell maturation, and induces M1 polarized macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in situ. In multiple murine tumor models, the hydrogel adjuvant suppresses tumor growth, increases animal survival and long-term immunological memory, and protects mice against tumor rechallenge, leading to effective prophylactic and therapeutic responses. This work provides a potential chemical strategy to overcome the limitations associated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Dinghao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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8
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Liu H, Du Y, Zhan D, Yu W, Li Y, Wang A, Yin J, Cao H, Fu Y. Oxaliplatin lipidated prodrug synergistically enhances the anti-colorectal cancer effect of IL12 mRNA. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01540-x. [PMID: 38457025 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world, with the second highest incidence rate after lung cancer. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent with significant therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer, and as a divalent platinum analog, it is not selective in its distribution in the body and has systemic toxicity with continued use. Interleukin-12 (IL12) is an immunostimulatory cytokine with cytokine monotherapy that has made advances in the fight against cancer, limiting the clinical use of cytokines due to severe toxicity. Here, we introduced a long alkyl chain and N-methyl-2,2-diaminodiethylamine to the ligand of OXA to obtain OXA-LIP, which effectively reduces its toxicity and improves the uptake of the drug by tumor cells. We successfully constructed IL12 mRNA and used LNPs to deliver IL12 mRNA, and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that OXA-LIP combined with IL12 mRNA had better tumor inhibition and higher biosafety. In addition, it was investigated by pharmacokinetic experiments that the OXA-LIP drug could accumulate in nude mice at the tumor site, which prolonged the half-life and enhanced the anti-tumor efficiency of OXA. It is hoped that these results will provide an important reference for the subsequent research and development of OXA-LIP with IL12 mRNA, as well as provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yating Du
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Desheng Zhan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Yan Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jianpeng Yin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Haiqiang Cao
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
| | - Yuanlei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Han Y, Dong D, Cao Y, Chen X, Liu D, Cheng X, Sun D, Li H, Zhang Y. Immune microenvironment heterogeneity of concurrent adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in multiple primary lung cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:55. [PMID: 38424363 PMCID: PMC10904822 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular profiles and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) presenting as concurrent lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) remain unknown. We aimed to clarify these factors. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for five patients with concurrent ADC and SQCC. We found the genetic mutations were similar between ADC and SQCC groups. RNA-Seq revealed that the gene expression and pathways enriched in ADC and SQCC groups were quite different. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSVA) showed that nine gene sets were significantly differentially expressed between the ADC and SQCC groups (p < 0.05), with four gene sets relevant to squamous cell features upregulated in the SQCC group and five gene sets upregulated in the ADC group. Reactome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the immune function-related pathways, including programmed cell death, innate immune system, interleukin-12 family signaling, and toll-like receptor 2/4 pathways, etc. were significantly enriched. Transcriptomic TIME analysis, with mIHC in patient specimens and in vivo validation, showed tumor-infiltrating immune cells were significantly more enriched and diverse in ADC, especially CD8 + T cells. Our results revealed that the transcriptomic profiles and TIME features were quite different between ADC and SQCC lesions. ADC lesions exhibited a more active TIME than SQCC lesions in MPLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yichao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuqin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Di Liu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Xueyan Cheng
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Debin Sun
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Kenney RT, Cini JK, Dexter S, DaFonseca M, Bingham J, Kuan I, Chawla SP, Polasek TM, Lickliter J, Ryan PJ. A phase I trial of SON-1010, a tumor-targeted, interleukin-12-linked, albumin-binding cytokine, shows favorable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in healthy volunteers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362775. [PMID: 38487528 PMCID: PMC10937388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12) as a multifunctional cytokine and potential immunotherapy for cancer have been sought for decades based on its efficacy in multiple mouse models. Unexpected toxicity in the first phase 2 study required careful attention to revised dosing strategies. Despite some signs of efficacy since then, most rIL-12 clinical trials have encountered hurdles such as short terminal elimination half-life (T½), limited tumor microenvironment targeting, and substantial systemic toxicity. We developed a strategy to extend the rIL-12 T½ that depends on binding albumin in vivo to target tumor tissue, using single-chain rIL-12 linked to a fully human albumin binding (FHAB) domain (SON-1010). After initiating a dose-escalation trial in patients with cancer (SB101), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose (SAD) phase 1 trial in healthy volunteers (SB102) was conducted. Methods SB102 (NCT05408572) focused on safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints. SON-1010 at 50-300 ng/kg or placebo administered subcutaneously on day 1 was studied at a ratio of 6:2, starting with two sentinels; participants were followed through day 29. Safety was reviewed after day 22, before enrolling the next cohort. A non-compartmental analysis of PK was performed and correlations with the PD results were explored, along with a comparison of the SON-1010 PK profile in SB101. Results Participants receiving SON-1010 at 100 ng/kg or higher tolerated the injection but generally experienced more treatment-emergent adverse effects (TEAEs) than those receiving the lowest dose. All TEAEs were transient and no other dose relationship was noted. As expected with rIL-12, initial decreases in neutrophils and lymphocytes returned to baseline by days 9-11. PK analysis showed two-compartment elimination in SB102 with mean T½ of 104 h, compared with one-compartment elimination in SB101, which correlated with prolonged but controlled and dose-related increases in interferon-gamma (IFNγ). There was no evidence of cytokine release syndrome based on minimal participant symptoms and responses observed with other cytokines. Conclusion SON-1010, a novel presentation for rIL-12, was safe and well-tolerated in healthy volunteers up to 300 ng/kg. Its extended half-life leads to a prolonged but controlled IFNγ response, which may be important for tumor control in patients. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05408572, identifier NCT05408572.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John K. Cini
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Susan Dexter
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, Inc, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sant P. Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Polasek
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- InClin, Inc, San Mateo, CA, United States
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11
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Chen J, Madina BR, Ahmadi E, Yarovinsky TO, Krady MM, Meehan EV, Wang IC, Ye X, Pitmon E, Ma XY, Almassian B, Nakaar V, Wang K. Cancer immunotherapy with enveloped self-amplifying mRNA CARG-2020 that modulates IL-12, IL-17 and PD-L1 pathways to prevent tumor recurrence. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:335-349. [PMID: 38261838 PMCID: PMC10792965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting multiple immune mechanisms may overcome therapy resistance and further improve cancer immunotherapy for humans. Here, we describe the application of virus-like vesicles (VLV) for delivery of three immunomodulators alone and in combination, as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. VLV vectors were designed to deliver single chain interleukin (IL)-12, short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and a dominant-negative form of IL-17 receptor A (dn-IL17RA) as a single payload or as a combination payload. Intralesional delivery of the VLV vector expressing IL-12 alone, as well as the trivalent vector (designated CARG-2020) eradicated large established tumors. However, only CARG-2020 prevented tumor recurrence and provided long-term survival benefit to the tumor-bearing mice, indicating a benefit of the combined immunomodulation. The abscopal effects of CARG-2020 on the non-injected contralateral tumors, as well as protection from the tumor cell re-challenge, suggest immune-mediated mechanism of protection and establishment of immunological memory. Mechanistically, CARG-2020 potently activates Th1 immune mechanisms and inhibits expression of genes related to T cell exhaustion and cancer-promoting inflammation. The ability of CARG-2020 to prevent tumor recurrence and to provide survival benefit makes it a promising candidate for its development for human cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | | | - Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- CaroGen Corporation, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | - Eileen Victoria Meehan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Isabella China Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- The Loomis Chaffee School, Windsor, CT 06095, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Elise Pitmon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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12
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Das R. T Cell Receptor-Engaging Monoclonal Antibodies Mobilize the Anti-Tumor Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:69-81. [PMID: 38421715 PMCID: PMC11062185 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are innate-type T lymphocytes that directly kill tumor cells or tumor-growth promoting immunosuppressive cells such astumor-associated macrophages. Additionally, iNKTs robustly transactivate the antitumor functions of T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells as well as reinvigorate exhausted immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. As such, iNKTs make excellent candidates for inclusion in anti-cancer cellular therapies. However, to capitalize on the potential benefits of iNKT cell-based approaches, it is imperative that we develop new and clinically viable strategies to enhance their antitumor function. To that end, two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively bind to the human (NKTT320) or murine (NKT14m) invariant T cell receptor have been recently developed and characterized. Studies using purified human iNKTs (in vitro) and a model of non-human primate (in vivo) reveal that NKTT320 promotes swift, vigorous and sustained iNKT cell activation that is accompanied by robust production of inflammatory mediators and bystander immune cell activation. Furthermore, NKTT320 augments expression of cytotoxic markers and human iNKT cell degranulation. Similarly, NKT14m prompts dramatic murine iNKT cell activation and functional response both in vitro and in vivo. However, antitumor efficacy of a single dose of NKT14m injection in tumor-bearing mice is limited and tumor-model dependent. In contrast, combination treatment of NKT14m with either low dose interleukin (IL)-12 or the chemotherapeutic agent, cyclophosphamide results in a superior antitumor response in vivo. This is evident by activation of both iNKTs and other immune cells, prolonged survival of the tumor-challenged mice, and long-lasting immunity. Collectively, these recent studies justify further development of anti-iTCR mAbs that can be used alone or in conjunction with immunomodulatory agents to enhance iNKT cell antitumor immunity against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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13
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dos Santos SBG, da Silva JC, Jaques HDS, Dalla Vecchia MF, Ferreira MO, Rech D, Sierota da Silva MRN, dos Santos RBG, Panis C, Benvegnú DM. Occupational exposure to pesticides dysregulates systemic Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and correlates with poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281056. [PMID: 37942322 PMCID: PMC10628301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are compounds known to cause immunetoxicity in exposed individuals, which have a potential to substantially modify the prognosis of pathologies dependent on an efficient immune response, such as breast cancer. In this context, we examined the circulating cytokine profile of Th1/Th2/Th17 patterns in women occupationally exposed to pesticides and their correlation with worse prognostic outcomes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 187 rural working women with breast cancer, occupationally exposed or not to pesticides, to quantify the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17-A, and TNF -α. Data on the disease profile and clinical outcomes were collected through medical follow-up. IL-12 was reduced in exposed women with tumors larger than 2 cm and in those with lymph node metastases. Significantly reduced levels of IL-17A were observed in exposed patients with Luminal B subtype tumors, with high ki67 proliferation rates, high histological grade, and positive for the progesterone receptor. Reduced IL-4 was also seen in exposed women with lymph node invasion. Our data show that occupational exposure to pesticides induces significant changes in the levels of cytokines necessary for tumor control and correlates with poor prognosis clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Bonin Godinho dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hellen dos Santos Jaques
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Câncer de Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Panis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dalila Moter Benvegnú
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Bem-estar e Produção Animal Sustentável na Fronteira Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Paraná, Brazil
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14
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Krykbaeva I, Bridges K, Damsky W, Pizzurro GA, Alexander AF, McGeary MK, Park K, Muthusamy V, Eyles J, Luheshi N, Turner N, Weiss SA, Olino K, Kaech SM, Kluger HM, Miller-Jensen K, Bosenberg M. Combinatorial Immunotherapy with Agonistic CD40 Activates Dendritic Cells to Express IL12 and Overcomes PD-1 Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1332-1350. [PMID: 37478171 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment, but resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment can modulate checkpoint resistance by either supporting or suppressing adaptive immune responses. Using an anti-PD-1-resistant mouse melanoma model, we show that targeting the myeloid compartment via CD40 activation and CSF1R blockade in combination with anti-PD-1 results in complete tumor regression in a majority of mice. This triple therapy combination was primarily CD40 agonist-driven in the first 24 hours after therapy and showed a similar systemic cytokine profile in human patients as was seen in mice. Functional single-cell cytokine secretion profiling of dendritic cells (DC) using a novel microwell assay identified a CCL22+CCL5+ IL12-secreting DC subset as important early-stage effectors of triple therapy. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are both critical effectors of treatment, and systems analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data supported a role for DC-secreted IL12 in priming T-cell activation and recruitment. Finally, we showed that treatment with a novel IL12 mRNA therapeutic alone was sufficient to overcome PD-1 resistance and cause tumor regression. Overall, we conclude that combining myeloid-based innate immune activation and enhancement of adaptive immunity is a viable strategy to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Krykbaeva
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kate Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gabriela A Pizzurro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amanda F Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meaghan K McGeary
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Koonam Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Viswanathan Muthusamy
- Yale Center for Precision Cancer Modeling, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James Eyles
- Oncology Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Luheshi
- Oncology Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Noel Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Center for Precision Cancer Modeling, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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15
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Pabani A, Gainor JF. Facts and Hopes: Immunocytokines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3841-3849. [PMID: 37227449 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The clinical development of cytokines as cancer therapeutics has been limited due to significant toxicities generally observed with systemic administration. This narrow therapeutic window, together with relatively modest efficacy, has made natural cytokines unattractive drug candidates. Immunocytokines represent a class of next-generation cytokines designed to overcome the challenges associated with traditional cytokines. These agents seek to improve the therapeutic index of cytokines by using antibodies as vehicles for the targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents within the local tumor microenvironment (TME). Various molecular formats and cytokine payloads have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the rationale, preclinical support, and current clinical development strategies for immunocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Pabani
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Xie X, Li X, Liu G, Zhao H, Zhou Z, Xiong S. T cells expressing a HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor as treatment for breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:11561-11570. [PMID: 37402965 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a leucine kinase receptor that is closely related to cell growth and differentiation. It is very weakly expressed in a few epithelial cells in normal tissue. Abnormal expression of HER2 usually leads to sustained activation of downstream signaling pathways, enabling epithelial cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation; this disturbs normal physiological processes and causes tumor formation. Overexpression of HER2 is related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. HER2 has become a well-established immunotherapy target for breast cancer. We chose to construct a second-generation CAR targeting HER 2 to test whether it kills breast cancer. METHODS We constructed a second-generation CAR molecule targeting HER2, and we generated cells expressing this second-generation CAR through lentivirus infection of T lymphocytes. LDH assay and flow cytometry were perform to detect the effect of cells and animal models. RESULTS The result indicated that the CARHER2 T cells could selectively kill cells with high Her2 expression. The PBMC-activated/CARHer2 cells had stronger in vivo tumor suppressive activity than PBMC-activated cells, and administration of PBMC-activated/CARHer2 cells significantly improved the survival of tumor-bearing mice, and induced the production of more Th1 cytokines in tumor-bearing NSG mice. CONCLUSIONS We prove that the generated T cells carrying the second-generation CARHer2 molecule could effectively guide immune effector cells to identify and kill HER2-positive tumor cells and inhibit tumors in model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshan Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhenlong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Sheng Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine and National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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17
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Nyati S, Stricker H, Barton KN, Li P, Elshaikh M, Ali H, Brown SL, Hwang C, Peabody J, Freytag SO, Movsas B, Siddiqui F. A phase I clinical trial of oncolytic adenovirus mediated suicide and interleukin-12 gene therapy in patients with recurrent localized prostate adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291315. [PMID: 37713401 PMCID: PMC10503775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In a phase I dose escalation and safety study (NCT02555397), a replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus expressing yCD, TK and hIL-12 (Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hIL-12) was administered in 15 subjects with localized recurrent prostate cancer (T1c-T2) at increasing doses (1 × 1010, to 1 × 1012 viral particles) followed by 7-day treatment of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and valganciclovir (vGCV). The primary endpoint was toxicity through day 30 while the secondary and exploratory endpoints were quantitation of IL-12, IFNγ, CXCL10 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The study maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached indicating 1012 viral particles was safe. Total 115 adverse events were observed, most of which (92%) were grade 1/2 that did not require any treatment. Adenoviral DNA was detected only in two patients. Increase in IL-12, IFNγ, and CXCL10 was observed in 57%, 93%, and 79% patients, respectively. Serum cytokines demonstrated viral dose dependency, especially apparent in the highest-dose cohorts. PBMC analysis revealed immune system activation after gene therapy in cohort 5. The PSA doubling time (PSADT) pre and post treatment has a median of 1.55 years vs 1.18 years. This trial confirmed that replication-competent Ad5-IL-12 adenovirus (Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hIL-12) was well tolerated when administered locally to prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hans Stricker
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenneth N. Barton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Elshaikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Haythem Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Clara Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Peabody
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Svend O. Freytag
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Farzan Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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18
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Zenga J, Awan M, Hadi Razeghi Kondelaji M, Hansen C, Shafiee S, Frei A, Foeckler J, Kuehn R, Bruening J, Massey B, Wong S, Joshi A, Himburg HA. Photoactivated HPPH-Liposomal therapy for the treatment of HPV-Negative head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 144:106487. [PMID: 37423200 PMCID: PMC10413333 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck cancer (HNC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. To improve outcomes, we developed a novel liposomal targeting system embedded with 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), a chlorin-based photosensitizer. Upon exposure to 660 nm light, HPPH phototriggering generates reactive oxygen species. The objective of this study was to evaluate biodistribution and test efficacy of HPPH-liposomal therapy in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of chemoradioresistant HNC. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDX models were developed from two surgically resected HNCs (P033 and P038) recurrent after chemoradiation. HPPH-liposomes were created including trace amounts of DiR (Ex/Em 785/830 nm), a near infrared lipid probe. Liposomes were injected via tail vein into PDX models. Biodistribution was assessed at serial timepoints in tumor and end-organs through in vivo DiR fluorescence. To evaluate efficacy, tumors were treated with a cw-diode 660 nm laser (90 mW/cm2, 5 min). This experimental arm was compared to appropriate controls, including HPPH-liposomes without laser or vehicle with laser alone. RESULTS HPPH-liposomes delivered via tail vein exhibited selective tumor penetration, with a peak concentration at 4 h. No systemic toxicity was observed. Treatment with combined HPPH-liposomes and laser resulted in improved tumor control relative to either vehicle or laser alone. Histologically, this manifested as both increased cellular necrosis and decreased Ki-67 staining in the tumors treated with combined therapy. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate tumor-specific anti-neoplastic efficacy of HPPH-liposomal treatment for HNC. Importantly, this platform can be leveraged in future studies for targeted delivery of immunotherapies which can be packaged within HPPH-liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zenga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Musaddiq Awan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mir Hadi Razeghi Kondelaji
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University/Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Hansen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University/Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shayan Shafiee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University/Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jamie Foeckler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rachel Kuehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Bruening
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Becky Massey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stuart Wong
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University/Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Heather A Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Lee SC, Shen CY, Wang WH, Lee YP, Liang KW, Chou YH, Tyan YS, Hwang JJ. Synergistic Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 Combines with Ionizing Radiation on CT26/ luc Colon Carcinoma Cells and Tumor-Bearing Animal Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1188. [PMID: 37764996 PMCID: PMC10535731 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local tumor control rate of colon cancer by radiotherapy is unsatisfactory due to recurrence and radioresistance. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), a panoxadiol saponin, possesses various antitumor effects. METHODS CT26/luc murine colon carcinoma cells and a CT26/luc tumor-bearing animal model were used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Rh2 combined with ionizing radiation and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Rh2 caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in CT26/luc cells; however, when combined with ionizing radiation, the cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. Rh2 was found to suppress the activity of NF-κB induced by radiation by inhibiting the MAPK pathway, consequently affecting the expression of effector proteins. In an in vivo study, the combination treatment significantly increased tumor growth delay time and overall survival. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly reduced NF-κB and NF-κB-related effector proteins, along with PD-1 receptor expression. Additionally, Rh2 administration led to increased levels of interleukin-12, -18, and interferon-γ in the mice's sera. Importantly, biochemical analysis revealed no toxicities associated with Rh2 alone or combined with radiation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Rh2 with radiation may have potential as an alternative to improve the therapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Wei-Hsun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50044, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Po Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Keng-Wei Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (K.-W.L.)
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (K.-W.L.)
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Franks SE, Santiago-Sanchez GS, Fabian KP, Solocinski K, Chariou PL, Hamilton DH, Kowalczyk JT, Padget MR, Gameiro SR, Schlom J, Hodge JW. Exploiting docetaxel-induced tumor cell necrosis with tumor targeted delivery of IL-12. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2783-2797. [PMID: 37166485 PMCID: PMC10361896 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that chemotherapy can induce tumor necrosis which can be exploited for the targeted delivery of immuno-oncology agents into the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces necrosis, in combination with the bifunctional molecule NHS-IL-12 (M9241), which delivers recombinant IL-12 through specific targeting of necrotic regions in the tumor, would provide a significant antitumor benefit in the poorly inflamed murine tumor model, EMT6 (breast), and in the moderately immune-infiltrated tumor model, MC38 (colorectal). Docetaxel, as monotherapy or in combination with NHS-IL-12, promoted tumor necrosis, leading to the improved accumulation and retention of NHS-IL-12 in the TME. Significant antitumor activity and prolonged survival were observed in cohorts receiving docetaxel and NHS-IL-12 combination therapy in both the MC38 and EMT6 murine models. The therapeutic effects were associated with increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and were dependent on CD8+ T cells. Transcriptomics of the TME of mice receiving the combination therapy revealed the upregulation of genes involving crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity factors, as well as the downregulation of signatures of myeloid cells. In addition, docetaxel and NHS-IL-12 combination therapy effectively controlled tumor growth of PD-L1 wild-type and PD-L1 knockout MC38 in vivo, implying this combination could be applied in immune checkpoint refractory tumors, and/or tumors regardless of PD-L1 status. The data presented herein provide the rationale for the design of clinical studies employing this combination or similar combinations of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elizabeth Franks
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ginette S Santiago-Sanchez
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kellsye P Fabian
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristen Solocinski
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Duane H Hamilton
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joshua T Kowalczyk
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michelle R Padget
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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21
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Dickerson LK, Carter JA, Kohli K, Pillarisetty VG. Emerging interleukin targets in the tumour microenvironment: implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2023-329650. [PMID: 37258094 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of antitumour immunity is dependent on intricate cytokine networks. Interleukins (ILs) are important mediators of complex interactions within the tumour microenvironment, including regulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, migration and activation. Our evolving and increasingly nuanced understanding of the cell type-specific and heterogeneous effects of IL signalling has presented unique opportunities to fine-tune elaborate IL networks and engineer new targeted immunotherapeutics. In this review, we provide a primer for clinicians on the challenges and potential of IL-based treatment. We specifically detail the roles of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-15 in shaping the tumour-immune landscape of gastrointestinal malignancies, paying particular attention to promising preclinical findings, early-stage clinical research and innovative therapeutic approaches that may properly place ILs to the forefront of immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason A Carter
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karan Kohli
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Flatiron Bio, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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22
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Yu X, Wang X, Yamazaki A. Mn-Si-based nanoparticles-enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis in photo-immunotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113314. [PMID: 37060652 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effect of phototherapy has been limited by some factors, including the easy degradation of photo agents, the complex tumor microenvironment, and the limited immune activation capacity, which impedes its efficiency in inhibiting tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Herein, Mn-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized to load the photo agent of IR 780, which were further coated with Mn (IMM). Notably, the combination of IMM and an 808 nm laser irradiation simultaneously inhibited the growth of primary tumors and distant untreated tumors in a bilateral animal model, which could be attributed to the protection of IMM to IR 780, the regulation functions to the tumor microenvironment, as well as the enhanced immune activation capacity. This work highlighted an alternative strategy for enhancing the inhibitory effect on both tumor growth and tumor metastasis in the combinational anticancer therapy of phototherapy and immunotherapy (photo-immunotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yu
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Shin-Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Xiupeng Wang
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Shin-Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Chouljenko DV, Murad YM, Lee IF, Delwar Z, Ding J, Liu G, Liu X, Bu X, Sun Y, Samudio I, Jia WWG. Targeting carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors using a novel transcriptional and translational dual-regulated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:334-348. [PMID: 36938544 PMCID: PMC10018392 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
VG2025 is a recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that uses transcriptional and translational dual regulation (TTDR) of critical viral genes to enhance virus safety and promote tumor-specific virus replication without reducing virulence. The TTDR platform is based on transcriptional control of the essential HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP27 using a tumor-specific carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter, coupled with translational control of the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5 using multiple microRNA (miR)-binding sites. VG2025 further incorporates IL-12 and the IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha subunit complex to enhance the antitumor and immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic HSVs. The TTDR strategy was verified in vitro and shown to be highly selective. Strong in vivo antitumor efficacy was observed following both intratumoral and intravenous administration. Clear abscopal and immune memory effects were also evident, indicating a robust antitumor immune response. Gene expression profiling of treated tumors revealed increased immune cell infiltration and activation of multiple immune-signaling pathways when compared with the backbone virus. Absence of neurotoxicity was verified in mice and in rhesus monkeys. Taken together, the enhanced tumor clearance, excellent safety profile, and positive correlation between CEA levels and viral replication efficiency may provide an opportunity for using biomarker-based precision medicine in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Chouljenko
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dmitry V. Chouljenko, Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada.
| | - Yanal M. Murad
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - I-Fang Lee
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Zahid Delwar
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Jun Ding
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Guoyu Liu
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Xuexian Bu
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Yi Sun
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
| | - William Wei-Guo Jia
- Virogin Biotech Canada Ltd., 150-13511 Commerce Parkway, Richmond, BC V6V 2J8, Canada
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Xiao Z, Tan Y, Cai Y, Huang J, Wang X, Li B, Lin L, Wang Y, Shuai X, Zhu K. Nanodrug removes physical barrier to promote T-cell infiltration for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 356:360-372. [PMID: 36871644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key barrier to tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which greatly compromises T cell-dependent immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, hyaluronidase (HAase), IL-12, and anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) were co-delivered using a pH and MMP-2 dual-sensitive polymer/calcium phosphate (CaP) hybrid nanocarrier. The dissolution of CaP triggered by tumor acidity facilitated the release of IL-12 and HAase responsible for ECM digestion, enhancing the tumor infiltration and proliferation of CTLs. Furthermore, the in situ-released αPD-L1 inside tumor, as triggered by an overexpressed MMP-2, prevented the tumor cell from escaping the killing effects of CTLs. Such combination strategy induced a robust antitumor immunity for efficiently suppressing HCC growth in mice. Additionally, tumor acidity-sheddable polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating enhanced the tumor accumulation of nanocarrier and reduced the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by on-target off-tumor αPD-L1. This dual-sensitive nanodrug demonstrates an effective immunotherapy paradigm for other dense ECM-characterized solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Xiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yitong Tan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bo Li
- Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liteng Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Nanomedicine Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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25
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de Sousa Coelho MDPS, Pereira IC, de Oliveira KGF, Oliveira IKF, Dos Santos Rizzo M, de Oliveira VA, Carneiro da Silva FC, Torres-Leal FL, de Castro E Sousa JM. Chemopreventive and anti-tumor potential of vitamin E in preclinical breast cancer studies: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:60-73. [PMID: 36657931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E has been investigated for its antitumor potential, including the ability to change cancer gene pathways as well as promote antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate antitumor and chemopreventive activity of different vitamin E isoforms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) through in vitro and in vivo studies. METHOD The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD4202126207) and the search was carried out in four electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) in June 2021 by three independent reviewers. The search equation used was: "Supplementation" AND ("Vitamin E" OR Tocopherol OR Tocotrienol) AND "breast cancer" AND (chemotherapy OR therapy OR prevention). In vitro studies and animal models of breast cancer supplemented with tocopherol or tocotrienol vitamers, alone or in combination, were included. RESULTS The results revealed 8546 relevant studies that were initially identified in our search. After analysis, a total of 12 studies were eligible for this systematic review. All studies included animal models, and 5 of them also performed in vitro experiments on cancer cell lines. The studies performed supplementation with tocopherols, mixtures (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and synthetic vitamin E forms. There was an significant association of estradiol, dendritic cells and pterostilbene in combined therapy with vitamin E. Vitamin E delayed tumor development, reduced tumor size, proliferation, viability, expression of anti-apoptotic and cell proliferation genes, and upregulated pro-apoptotic genes, tumor suppressor genes and increased immune response. The effects on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant activity were conflicting among studies. Only one study with synthetic vitamin E reported cardiotoxicity, but it did not show vitamin E genotoxicity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin E isoforms, isolated or associated, showed antitumor and chemopreventive activity. However, due to studies heterogeneity, there is a need for further analysis to establish dose, form, supplementation time and breast cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Perpetuo Socorro de Sousa Coelho
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kynnara Gabriella Feitosa de Oliveira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Iara Katryne Fonseca Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition - PPGAN, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dos Santos Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition - PPGAN, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetical Toxicology (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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26
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Chang WH, Hsu SW, Zhang J, Li JM, Yang DC, Chu CW, Yoo EH, Zhang W, Yu SL, Chen CH. MTAP deficiency contributes to immune landscape remodelling and tumour evasion. Immunology 2023; 168:331-345. [PMID: 36183155 PMCID: PMC9840685 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency occurs in various malignancies and is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. However, the mechanisms underlying tumour progression due to MTAP loss are yet to be elucidated. Utilizing integrated analyses of the transcriptome, proteome and secretome, we demonstrated that MTAP deficiency alters tumour-intrinsic, immune-related pathways and reprograms cytokine profiles towards a tumour-favourable environment. Additionally, MTAP-knockout cells exhibited a marked increase in the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1. Upon co-culturing primary T cells with cancer cells, MTAP loss-mediated PD-L1 upregulation inhibited T cell-mediated killing activity and induced several T cell exhaustion markers. In two xenograft tumour models, we showed a modest increase in average volume of tumours derived from MTAP-deficient cells than that of MTAP-proficient tumours. Surprisingly, a remarkable increase in tumour size was observed in humanized mice bearing MTAP-deficient tumours, as compared to their MTAP-expressing counterparts. Following immunophenotypic characterization of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes by mass cytometry analysis, MTAP-deficient tumours were found to display decreased immune infiltrates with lower proportions of both T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and higher proportions of immunosuppressive cells as compared to MTAP-expressing tumour xenografts. Taken together, our results suggest that MTAP deficiency restructures the tumour immune microenvironment, promoting tumour progression and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David C. Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Estelle H. Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Abdollahi E, Johnston TP, Ghaneifar Z, Vahedi P, Goleij P, Azhdari S, Moghaddam AS. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:2-14. [PMID: 35331128 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220324114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their plasticity, macrophages exert critical effects on both promoting and suppressing inflammatory processes. Pathologic inflammatory conditions are frequently correlated with dynamic alterations in macrophage activation, with classically activated M1 cells associated with the promotion and maintenance of inflammation and M2 cells being linked to the resolution or smouldering of chronic inflammation. Inflammation deputes a common feature of various chronic diseases and the direct involvement in the insurgence and development of these conditions. Macrophages participate in an autoregulatory loop characterizing the inflammatory process, as they produce a wide range of biologically active mediators that exert either deleterious or beneficial effects during the inflammation. Therefore, balancing the favorable ratios of M1/M2 macrophages can help ameliorate the inflammatory landscape of pathologic conditions. Curcumin is a component of turmeric with many pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVE Recent results from both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have indicated that curcumin can affect polarization and/or functions of macrophage subsets in the context of inflammation-related diseases. There is no comprehensive review of the impact of curcumin on cytokines involved in macrophage polarization in the context of inflammatory diseases. The present review will cover some efforts to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which curcumin modulates the macrophage polarization in distant pathological inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, renal inflammation, stroke, atherosclerosis, and macrophage-driven pathogenesis. RESULTS The accumulation of the findings from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies suggests that curcumin beneficially influences M1 and M2 macrophages in a variety of inflammatory diseases with unfavorable macrophage activation. CONCLUSION Curcumin not only enhances anti-tumor immunity (via shifting M polarization towards M1 phenotype and/or up-regulation of M1 markers expression) but ameliorates inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases (experimental autoimmune myocarditis and Behcet's disease), nephropathy, chronic serum sickness, stroke, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Gynecology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Zahra Ghaneifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Advances of Electroporation-Related Therapies and the Synergy with Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111942. [PMID: 36423037 PMCID: PMC9692484 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is the process of instantaneously increasing the permeability of a cell membrane under a pulsed electric field. Depending on the parameters of the electric pulses and the target cell electrophysiological characteristics, electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. Reversible electroporation facilitates the delivery of functional genetic materials or drugs to target cells, inducing cell death by apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, or pseudoapoptosis; irreversible electroporation is an ablative technology which directly ablates a large amount of tissue without causing harmful thermal effects; electrotherapy using an electric field can induce cell apoptosis without any aggressive invasion. Reversible and irreversible electroporation can also activate systemic antitumor immune response and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent progress related to electroporation, and summarize its latest applications. Further, we discuss the synergistic effects of electroporation-related therapies and immunotherapy. We also propose perspectives for further investigating electroporation and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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29
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Wang G, Liu Y, Liu S, Lin Y, Hu C. Oncolyic Virotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Lighting a Fire in Winter. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012647. [PMID: 36293504 PMCID: PMC9603894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common cancer of the genitourinary system, prostate cancer (PCa) is a global men's health problem whose treatments are an urgent research issue. Treatment options for PCa include active surveillance (AS), surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, etc. However, as the cancer progresses, the effectiveness of treatment options gradually decreases, especially in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), for which there are fewer therapeutic options and which have a shorter survival period and worse prognosis. For this reason, oncolytic viral therapy (PV), with its exceptional properties of selective tumor killing, relatively good safety in humans, and potential for transgenic delivery, has attracted increasing attention as a new form of anti-tumor strategy for PCa. There is growing evidence that OV not only kills tumor cells directly by lysis but can also activate anticancer immunity by acting on the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby preventing tumor growth. In fact, evidence of the efficacy of this strategy has been observed since the late 19th century. However, subsequently, interest waned. The renewed interest in this therapy was due to advances in biotechnological methods and innovations at the end of the 20th century, which was also the beginning of PCa therapy with OV. Moreover, in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy or immunotherapy, OV viruses can have a wide range of applications and can provide an effective therapeutic result in the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuoru Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 528478, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence:
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Therapeutic Adenovirus Vaccine Combined Immunization with IL-12 Induces Potent CD8 + T Cell Anti-Tumor Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184512. [PMID: 36139670 PMCID: PMC9497125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma is a kind of tumor with a high malignant degree and mortality rate, and there is no effective treatment method. Currently, immunotherapy has shown good prospects in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. As an important approach of immunotherapy, the vaccine has become an attractive method for tumor treatment. This study developed an adenovirus vaccine containing tumor antigen glypican-3 and adjuvant interleukin 12. The subcutaneous tumor model was intramuscularly immunized three times with vaccines at a ten-day interval. Compared with the control group, the proliferation of CD 8+ T cell, the induction of multifunctional CD 8+ T cell and dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity were significantly increased in the combined immunization group, and the growth of tumor was inhibited obviously. The therapeutic effect of the vaccine of glypican-3 and interleukin 12 mainly depends on the anti-tumor effect of CD 8+ T cells mediated by dendritic cells. Likewise, this vaccine also showed a good therapeutic effect in the lung metastasis model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the adenovirus vaccine of glypican-3 and interleukin 12 might become a potential way to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. However, clinical progress in the treatment of HCC has not shown a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Here, we have developed a novel strategy to treat HCC with an adenovirus (Ad)-based vaccine, which contains a specific antigen glypican-3 (GPC3) and an immunostimulatory cytokine IL-12. In the subcutaneous tumor model, Ad-IL-12/GPC3 vaccine was injected into muscles three times to evaluate its therapeutic effect. Compared with the control immunization group, the Ad-IL-12/GPC3 immunization group showed a significant tumor growth inhibition effect, which was confirmed by the reduced tumor volume and the increased tumor inhibition. Ad-IL-12/GPC3 co-immunization promoted the induction and maturation of CD11c+ or CD8+CD11c+ DCs and increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in the Ad-IL-12/GPC3 group, the proliferation of CD8+ T cells, the induction of multifunctional CD8+ T cells, and CTL activity were significantly increased. Interestingly, the deletion of CD8+ T cells abolished tumor growth inhibition by Ad-IL-12/GPC3 treatment, suggesting that CD8+ T cell immune responses were required to eliminate the tumor. Likewise, Ad-IL-12/GPC3 vaccine also effectively inhibited lung tumor growth or metastasis by enhancing CD8+ DCs-mediated multifunctional CD8+ T cell immune responses in the lung metastasis model. Therefore, these results indicate that IL-12 combined with Ad-GPC3 vaccine co-immunization might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Emerging immune-based technologies for high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:957-980. [PMID: 35924820 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of a tailored and successful strategy for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) treatment is still a concern. The abundance of aberrant mutations within the heterogenic genetic landscape of glioblastoma strongly influences cell expansion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Identification of immune evasion pathways opens the way to novel immune-based strategies. This review intends to explore the emerging immunotherapies for HGGs. The immunosuppressive mechanisms related to the tumor microenvironment and future perspectives to overcome glioma immunity barriers are also debated. AREAS COVERED An extensive literature review was performed on the PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Only highly relevant articles in English and published in the last 20 years were selected. Data about immunotherapies coming from preclinical and clinical trials were summarized. EXPERT OPINION The overall level of evidence about the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for HGGs is noteworthy. Monoclonal antibodies have been approved as second-line treatment, while peptide vaccines, viral gene strategies, and adoptive technologies proved to boost a vivid antitumor immunization. Malignant brain tumor-treating fields are ever-changing in the upcoming years. Constant refinements and development of new routes of drug administration will permit to design of novel immune-based treatment algorithms thus improving the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Chowdhury S, Kar A, Bhowmik D, Gautam A, Basak D, Sarkar I, Ghosh P, Sarkar D, Deka A, Chakraborty P, Mukhopadhyay A, Mehrotra S, Basak S, Paul S, Chatterjee S. Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2640-2655. [PMID: 35648389 PMCID: PMC7613107 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells rely primarily on glucose metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and functional needs. However, nutritional limitations in the tumor microenvironment can cause T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, T cells must acquire metabolic traits enabling sustained effector function at the tumor site to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Here, we report that IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells have elevated intracellular acetyl CoA levels and can maintain IFNγ levels in nutrient-deprived, tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Pharmacological and metabolic analyses demonstrated an active glucose-citrate-acetyl CoA circuit in IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells supporting an intracellular pool of acetyl CoA in an ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent manner. Intracellular acetyl CoA levels enhanced histone acetylation, lipid synthesis, and IFNγ production, improving the metabolic and functional fitness of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of ACLY severely impaired IFNγ production and viability of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-restricted conditions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells cultured in high pyruvate-containing media in vitro acquired critical metabolic features of IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells and displayed improved antitumor potential upon adoptive transfer in murine lymphoma and melanoma models. Overall, this study delineates the metabolic configuration of CD8+ T cells required for stable effector function in tumors and presents an affordable approach to promote the efficacy of CD8+ T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE IL12-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases intracellular acetyl CoA to promote the effector function of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironments, revealing strategies to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehanshu Chowdhury
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anwesha Kar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Debaleena Bhowmik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms,” Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debashree Basak
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puspendu Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Deborpita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Alvina Deka
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Soumen Basak
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Center for Health Science and Technology, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Corresponding Author: Shilpak Chatterjee, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India. Phone: 33-2499-5700, ext. 3013; E-mail:
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is the second after heart diseases. Adenoviruses (Ads) have become the promise of new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The objective of this review is to discuss current advances in the applications of adenoviral vectors in cancer therapy. Adenoviral vectors can be engineered in different ways so as to change the tumor microenvironment from cold tumor to hot tumor, including; 1. by modifying Ads to deliver transgenes that codes for tumor suppressor gene (p53) and other proteins whose expression result in cell cycle arrest 2. Ads can also be modified to express tumor specific antigens, cytokines, and other immune-modulatory molecules. The other strategy to use Ads in cancer therapy is to use oncolytic adenoviruses, which directly kills tumor cells. Gendicine and Advexin are replication-defective recombinant human p53 adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer. Gendicine was approved for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency in 2003 as a first-ever gene therapy product. Oncorine and ONYX-015 are oncolytic adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against some types of cancer. The Chiness FDA agency has also approved Oncorin for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Ads that were engineered to express immune-stimulatory cytokines and other immune-modulatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-2, BiTE, CD40L, 4-1BBL, GM-CSF, and IFN have shown promising outcome in treatment of cancer. Ads can also improve therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells). In addition, different replication-deficient adenoviral vectors (Ad5-CEA, Ad5-PSA, Ad-E6E7, ChAdOx1-MVA and Ad-transduced Dendritic cells) that were tested as anticancer vaccines have been demonstrated to induce strong antitumor immune response. However, the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy is limited by several factors such as pre-existing immunity to adenoviral vectors and high immunogenicity of the viruses. Thus, innovative strategies must be continually developed so as to overcome the obstacles of using adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
- Lecturer of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Immunotherapy by mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of oncolytic viruses for treating metastatic tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:78-97. [PMID: 35434272 PMCID: PMC8989711 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a very promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy in the past decades. However, despite their pre-clinical promise, many OV clinical evaluations for cancer therapy have highlighted the continued need for their improved delivery and targeting. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as excellent candidate vehicles for the delivery of OVs due to their tumor-homing properties and low immunogenicity. MSCs can enhance OV delivery by protecting viruses from rapid clearance following administration and also by more efficiently targeting tumor sites, consequently augmenting the therapeutic potential of OVs. MSCs can function as “biological factories,” enabling OV amplification within these cells to promote tumor lysis following MSC-OV arrival at the tumor site. MSC-OVs can promote enhanced safety profiles and therapeutic effects relative to OVs alone. In this review we explore the general characteristics of MSCs as delivery tools for cancer therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of OVs as immune therapeutics and highlight some of the promising applications stemming from combining MSCs to achieve enhanced delivery and anti-tumor effectiveness of OVs at different pre-clinical and clinical stages. We further provide potential pitfalls of the MSC-OV platform and the strategies under development for enhancing the efficacy of these emerging therapeutics.
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35
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Sagiv-Barfi I, Czerwinski DK, Shree T, Lohmeyer JJK, Levy R. Intratumoral immunotherapy relies on B and T cell collaboration. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabn5859. [PMID: 35622903 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor T cell responses are the primary mediators of cancer immunotherapy. However, many other components of the immune system are needed for efficient T cell responses to be generated. Here, we developed a combinatorial approach where a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (CpG) and Fc-fused IL-12 protein were injected together into just one of several tumor sites in a mouse. This combination led to body-wide (abscopal) therapeutic responses in multiple cancer models. These systemic responses were dependent not only on T cells but also on B cells. B cells were activated by the treatment and were required for optimal T cell activation. This cross-talk was dependent on MHC and was tumor antigen specific. The addition of an agonistic antibody against OX40 further enhanced T cell activation and therapeutic responses. Our data suggest that the combination of CpG, anti-OX40, and IL-12Fc may have success in patients with cancer and that B and T cell collaboration is crucial for the efficacy of this combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debra K Czerwinski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tanaya Shree
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian J K Lohmeyer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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36
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A Micro-Immunotherapy Sequential Medicine MIM-seq Displays Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Macrophages and Anti-Tumor Properties towards In Vitro 2D and 3D Models of Colon Carcinoma and in an In Vivo Subcutaneous Xenograft Colon Carcinoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116059. [PMID: 35682738 PMCID: PMC9181410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of a sequential micro-immunotherapy medicine, referred as MIM-seq, were appraised in human primary M1 and M2 macrophages, in which the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, was inhibited. In addition, the potential anti-proliferative effects of MIM-seq on tumor cells was assessed in three models of colorectal cancer (CRC): an in vitro two-dimensions (2D) model of HCT-116 cells, an in vitro tri-dimensional (3D) model of spheroids, and an in vivo model of subcutaneous xenografted mice. In these models, MIM-seq displayed anti-proliferative effects when compared with the vehicle. In vivo, the tumor growth was slightly reduced in MIM-seq-treated animals. Moreover, MIM-seq could slightly reduce the growth of our spheroid models, especially under serum-deprivation. When MIM-seq was combined with two well-known anti-cancerogenic agents, either resveratrol or etoposide, MIM-seq could even further reduce the spheroid’s volume, pointing up the need to further assess whether MIM-seq could be beneficial for CRC patients as an adjuvant therapy. Altogether, these data suggest that MIM-seq could have anti-tumor properties against CRC and an immunomodulatory effect towards the mediators of inflammation, whose systemic dysregulation is considered to be a poor prognosis for patients.
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Ukita M, Hamanishi J, Yoshitomi H, Yamanoi K, Takamatsu S, Ueda A, Suzuki H, Hosoe Y, Furutake Y, Taki M, Abiko K, Yamaguchi K, Nakai H, Baba T, Matsumura N, Yoshizawa A, Ueno H, Mandai M. CXCL13-producing CD4+ T cells accumulate in early phase of tertiary lymphoid structures in ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157215. [PMID: 35552285 PMCID: PMC9309049 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are transient ectopic lymphoid aggregates whose formation might be caused by chronic inflammation states, such as cancer. However, how TLS are induced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how they affect patient survival are not well understood. We investigated TLS distribution in relation to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and related gene expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) specimens. CXCL13 gene expression correlated with TLS presence and the infiltration of T cells and B cells, and it was a favorable prognostic factor for patients with HGSC. Coexistence of CD8+ T cells and B cell lineages in the TME significantly improved the prognosis of HGSC and was correlated with the presence of TLS. CXCL13 expression was predominantly coincident with CD4+ T cells in TLS and CD8+ T cells in TILs, and it shifted from CD4+ T cells to CD21+ follicular DCs as TLS matured. In a mouse ovarian cancer model, recombinant CXCL13 induced TLS and enhanced survival by the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that TLS formation was associated with CXCL13-producing CD4+ T cells and that TLS facilitated the coordinated antitumor response of cellular and humoral immunity in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ukita
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Takamatsu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Suzuki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosoe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Furutake
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mana Taki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Nakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medinine, Kyoto, Japan
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Liu JQ, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yan J, Zeng C, Talebian F, Lynch K, Zhao W, Hou X, Du S, Kang DD, Deng B, McComb DW, Bai XF, Dong Y. Intratumoral delivery of IL-12 and IL-27 mRNA using lipid nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 345:306-313. [PMID: 35301053 PMCID: PMC9133152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important immunotherapeutics with approved drugs for the treatment of human cancers. However, systemic administration of cytokines often fails to achieve adequate concentrations to immune cells in tumors due to dose-limiting toxicity. Thus, developing localized therapy that directly delivers immune-stimulatory cytokines to tumors may improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we generated novel lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulated with mRNAs encoding cytokines including IL-12, IL-27 and GM-CSF, and tested their anti-tumor activity. We first synthesized ionizable lipid materials containing di-amino groups with various head groups (DALs). The novel DAL4-LNP effectively delivered different mRNAs in vitro to tumor cells and in vivo to tumors. Intratumoral injection of DAL4-LNP loaded with IL-12 mRNA was most potent in inhibiting B16F10 melanoma tumor growth compared to IL-27 or GM-CSF mRNAs in monotherapy. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of dual DAL4-LNP-IL-12 mRNA and IL-27 mRNA showed a synergistic effect in suppressing tumor growth without causing systematic toxicity. Most importantly, intratumoral delivery of IL-12 and IL-27 mRNAs induced robust infiltration of immune effector cells, including IFN-γ and TNF-α producing NK and CD8+ T cells into tumors. Thus, intratumoral administration of DAL-LNP loaded with IL-12 and IL-27 mRNA provides a new treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chunxi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fatemeh Talebian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kimberly Lynch
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Weiyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xucheng Hou
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Diana D Kang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Binbin Deng
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Center for Cancer Engineering, Center for Cancer Metabolism, Pelotonia Institute for Immune-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Maintenance and gene electrotransfer efficiency of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human interleukin-12 orthologues. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08879. [PMID: 35265755 PMCID: PMC8899673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a cytokine used as a therapeutic molecule in cancer immunotherapy. Gene electrotransfer mediated delivery of IL-12 gene has reached clinical evaluation in the USA using a plasmid that in addition to IL-12 gene also carry an antibiotic resistance gene needed for its production in bacteria. In Europe however, European Medicines Agency recommends against the use of antibiotics during the production of clinical grade plasmids. We have prepared several antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids using an antibiotic-free selection strategy called operator-repressor titration, including plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human IL-12 orthologues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maintenance of these plasmids in bacterial culture and test their transfection efficiency using gene electrotransfer. Plasmid maintenance was evaluated by determining plasmid yields and topologies after subculturing transformed bacteria. Transfection efficiency was evaluated by determining the plasmid copy number, expression and cytotoxicity after gene electrotransfer to mouse, canine and human melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that our IL-12 plasmids without an antibiotic resistance gene are stably maintained in bacteria and provide sufficient IL-12 expression after in vitro gene electrotransfer; therefore, they have the potential to proceed to further in vivo evaluation studies.
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Holder PG, Lim SA, Huang CS, Sharma P, Dagdas YS, Bulutoglu B, Sockolosky JT. Engineering interferons and interleukins for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114112. [PMID: 35085624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease. Cytokines play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and elimination, and thus, there is a long clinical history associated with the use of recombinant cytokines to treat cancer. However, the use of cytokines as therapeutics has been limited by cytokine pleiotropy, complex biology, poor drug-like properties, and severe dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, cytokines are crucial mediators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and have the potential to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination immunotherapies has reinvigorated interest in cytokines as therapeutics, and a variety of engineering approaches are emerging to improve the safety and effectiveness of cytokine immunotherapy. In this review we highlight recent advances in cytokine biology and engineering for cancer immunotherapy.
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Das R, Langou S, Le TT, Prasad P, Lin F, Nguyen TD. Electrical Stimulation for Immune Modulation in Cancer Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:795300. [PMID: 35087799 PMCID: PMC8788921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.795300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming a very common treatment for cancer, using approaches like checkpoint inhibition, T cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccination. However, these approaches involve high doses of immune therapeutics with problematic side effects. A promising approach to reducing the dose of immunotherapeutic agents given to a cancer patient is to combine it with electrical stimulation, which can act in two ways; it can either modulate the immune system to produce the immune cytokines and agents in the patient's body or it can increase the cellular uptake of these immune agents via electroporation. Electrical stimulation in form of direct current has been shown to reduce tumor sizes in immune-competent mice while having no effect on tumor sizes in immune-deficient mice. Several studies have used nano-pulsed electrical stimulations to activate the immune system and drive it against tumor cells. This approach has been utilized for different types of cancers, like fibrosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, human papillomavirus etc. Another common approach is to combine electrochemotherapy with immune modulation, either by inducing immunogenic cell death or injecting immunostimulants that increase the effectiveness of the treatments. Several therapies utilize electroporation to deliver immunostimulants (like genes encoded with cytokine producing sequences, cancer specific antigens or fragments of anti-tumor toxins) more effectively. Lastly, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can trigger production and activation of anti-tumor immune cells and immune reactions. Hence, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the immune system in different ways can be a promising approach to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Sofia Langou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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Xue D, Moon B, Liao J, Guo J, Zou Z, Han Y, Cao S, Wang Y, Fu YX, Peng H. A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi6899. [PMID: 34995098 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benjamin Moon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Jing Liao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Immune Targeting Inc., Dallas, TX 75247, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Huang Y, Zhai X, Ma T, Zhang M, Pan H, Weijia Lu W, Zhao X, Sun T, Li Y, Shen J, Yan C, Du Y. Rare earth-based materials for bone regeneration: Breakthroughs and advantages. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Deng Y, Wang J, Hu Z, Cai Y, Xu Y, Xu K. Exploration of the immune microenvironment of breast cancer in large population cohorts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955630. [PMID: 36046784 PMCID: PMC9421148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment is associated with tumor progression. However, previous studies have not fully explored the breast cancer (BC) immune microenvironment. All the data analyzed in this study were obtained from the open-access database, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus (TCGA), and cBioPortal databases. R software v4.0 and SPSS 13.0 were used to perform all the statistical analysis. Firstly, the clinical and expression profile information of TCGA, GSE20685, GSE20711, GSE48390, GSE58812, and METABRIC cohorts was collected. Then, 53 immune terms were quantified using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. A prognosis model based on HER2_Immune_PCA, IL12_score, IL13_score, IL4_score, and IR7_score was established, which showed great prognosis prediction efficiency in both training group and validation group. A nomogram was then established for a better clinical application. Clinical correlation showed that elderly BC patients might have a higher riskscore. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pathway of oxidative phosphorylation, E2F targets, hedgehog signaling, adipogenesis, DNA repair, glycolysis, heme metabolism, and mTORC1 signaling was activated in the high-risk group. Moreover, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer analysis showed that low-risk patients might be more sensitive to PD-1 therapy, cisplatin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and sunitinib. Finally, four genes, XCL1, XCL2, TNFRSF17, and IRF4, were identified for risk group classification. In summary, our signature is a useful tool for the prognosis and prediction of the drug sensitivity of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xu, ; Jianguo Wang,
| | - Zhiya Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Key Clinical Specialty of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Xu, ; Jianguo Wang,
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Pullikuth AK, Routh ED, Zimmerman KD, Chifman J, Chou JW, Soike MH, Jin G, Su J, Song Q, Black MA, Print C, Bedognetti D, Howard-McNatt M, O’Neill SS, Thomas A, Langefeld CD, Sigalov AB, Lu Y, Miller LD. Bulk and Single-Cell Profiling of Breast Tumors Identifies TREM-1 as a Dominant Immune Suppressive Marker Associated With Poor Outcomes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734959. [PMID: 34956864 PMCID: PMC8692779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a key mediator of innate immunity previously associated with the severity of inflammatory disorders, and more recently, the inferior survival of lung and liver cancer patients. Here, we investigated the prognostic impact and immunological correlates of TREM1 expression in breast tumors.MethodsBreast tumor microarray and RNAseq expression profiles (n=4,364 tumors) were analyzed for associations between gene expression, tumor immune subtypes, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Single-cell (sc)RNAseq was performed using the 10X Genomics platform. Statistical associations were assessed by logistic regression, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Spearman correlation, Student’s t-test and Chi-square test.ResultsIn pre-treatment biopsies, TREM1 and known TREM-1 inducible cytokines (IL1B, IL8) were discovered by a statistical ranking procedure as top genes for which high expression was associated with reduced response to NAC, but only in the context of immunologically “hot” tumors otherwise associated with a high NAC response rate. In surgical specimens, TREM1 expression varied among tumor molecular subtypes, with highest expression in the more aggressive subtypes (Basal-like, HER2-E). High TREM1 significantly and reproducibly associated with inferior distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), independent of conventional prognostic markers. Notably, the association between high TREM1 and inferior DMFS was most prominent in the subset of immunogenic tumors that exhibited the immunologically hot phenotype and otherwise associated with superior DMFS. Further observations from bulk and single-cell RNAseq analyses indicated that TREM1 expression was significantly enriched in polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and M2-like macrophages, and correlated with downstream transcriptional targets of TREM-1 (IL8, IL-1B, IL6, MCP-1, SPP1, IL1RN, INHBA) which have been previously associated with pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions.ConclusionsTogether, these findings indicate that increased TREM1 expression is prognostic of inferior breast cancer outcomes and may contribute to myeloid-mediated breast cancer progression and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Eric D. Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Chifman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jeff W. Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael H. Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar & Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marissa Howard-McNatt
- Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Stacey S. O’Neill
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Yong Lu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lance D. Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Lance D. Miller,
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Roberti MP, Rauber C, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Impact of the ileal microbiota on colon cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:955-966. [PMID: 34624451 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides tumor cell-intrinsic oncogenic pathways, host and environmental factors have a major impact on cancer immunosurveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapeutics. Several modalities of anticancer treatments including immunogenic chemotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors lose their efficacy in patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, pointing to a key role for the gut microbiota. The complex interactions between intestinal microbes, gut immunity and anti-tumor responses constitute an emerging field of investigation. In this work, we revise key primary literature, with an emphasis on recent mechanistic insights, unraveling the interplay between the immunosurveillance of colon cancers and ileal factors including the local microbiota, tissue architecture and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Roberti
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Conrad Rauber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics Platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94805, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden; Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France.
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, France; Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 94800, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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Salem ML, Salman S, Barnawi IO. Brief in vitro IL-12 conditioning of CD8 + T Cells for anticancer adoptive T cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2751-2759. [PMID: 33966093 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a potential treatment approach through non-specific and specific enhancement of the immune responses. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a potential modality of immunotherapy that depends on harvesting T cells from the tumor-bearing host, activating them in vitro and infusing them back to the same host. Several cytokines, in particular IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, have been used to enhance survival T cells in vitro. Although effective, conditioning of T cells in vitro with these cytokines requires long-term culture which results in the loss of expression of their trafficking receptors mainly CD62L. It also results in exhaustion of the activated T cells and reduction in their functions upon adoptive transfer in vivo. Our recent studies and those of other groups showed that brief (3 days) conditioning of CD8+ T cells by IL-12 in vitro can result in enhancing function of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of these IL-12-conditioned CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice, preconditioned with cyclophosphamide, 1 day before ACT, induced tumor eradication that was associated with generation of tumor-specific memory response. In this review, we summarize studies that indicated to the superiority of IL-12 as a potential cytokine for conditioning T cells for ACT. In addition, we discuss some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern how IL-12 programs CD8+ T cells to enhance their functionality especially in vitro and its implication in combination with other ACT modalities, opening a avenue for the clinical application of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research (CECR), Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Samar Salman
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyFaculty of MedicineTanta University Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O Barnawi
- Animal Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Tseng JC, Yang JX, Liu YL, Su YW, Lee AYL, Chen YW, Liu KJ, Luo Y, Hong YR, Chuang TH. Sharpening up tumor microenvironment to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade on head and neck cancer using a CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1115-1128. [PMID: 34581869 PMCID: PMC9016021 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a type of life-threatening cancers characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Only less than 20% of the patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, indicating the need for a strategy to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy for this type of cancers. Previously, we identified a type B CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) called CpG-2722, which has the universal activity of eliciting an immune response in grouper, mouse, and human cells. In this study, we further characterized and compared its cytokine-inducing profiles with different types of CpG-ODNs. The antitumor effect of CpG-2722 was further investigated alone and in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in a newly developed syngeneic orthotopic head and neck cancer animal model. Along with other inflammatory cytokines, CpG-2722 induces the gene expressions of interleukin-12 and different types of interferons, which are critical for the antitumor response. Both CpG-2722 and anti-programmed death (PD)-1 alone suppressed tumor growth. Their tumor suppression efficacies were further enhanced when CpG-2722 and anti-PD-1 were used in combination. Mechanistically, CpG-2722 shaped a tumor microenvironment that is favorable for the action of anti-PD-1, which included promoting the expression of different cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-β, and IFN-γ, and increasing the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, and CD8 positive T cells. Overall, CpG-2722 provided a priming effect for CD8 positive T cells by sharpening the tumor microenvironment, whereas anti-PD-1 released the brake for their tumor-killing effect, resulting in an enhanced efficacy of the combined CpG-2722 and anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chih Tseng
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Xing Yang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
- Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Bosch NC, Martin LM, Voskens CJ, Berking C, Seliger B, Schuler G, Schaft N, Dörrie J. A Chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα Molecule Expressed on NFκB-Activated Dendritic Cells Supports Their Capability to Activate Natural Killer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910227. [PMID: 34638566 PMCID: PMC8508776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, members of the innate immune system, play an important role in the rejection of HLA class I negative tumor cells. Hence, a therapeutic vaccine, which can activate NK cells in addition to cells of the adaptive immune system might induce a more comprehensive cellular response, which could lead to increased tumor elimination. Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of activating and expanding NK cells, especially when the NFκB pathway is activated in the DCs thereby leading to the secretion of the cytokine IL-12. Another prominent NK cell activator is IL-15, which can be bound by the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain (IL-15Rα) to be transpresented to the NK cells. However, monocyte-derived DCs do neither secrete IL-15, nor express the IL-15Rα. Hence, we designed a chimeric protein consisting of IL-15 and the IL-15Rα. Upon mRNA electroporation, the fusion protein was detectable on the surface of the DCs, and increased the potential of NFκB-activated, IL-12-producing DC to activate NK cells in an autologous cell culture system with ex vivo-generated cells from healthy donors. These data show that a chimeric IL-15/IL-15Rα molecule can be expressed by monocyte-derived DCs, is trafficked to the cell surface, and is functional regarding the activation of NK cells. These data represent an initial proof-of-concept for an additional possibility of further improving cellular DC-based immunotherapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. Bosch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Caroline J. Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen–EMN, NCT WERA, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.C.B.); (B.S.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.-M.M.); (C.J.V.); (C.B.); (G.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8531127
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Li F, Zhang R, Hu C, Ran Q, Xiang Y, Xiang L, Chen L, Yang Y, Li SC, Zhang G, Li Z. Irradiation Haematopoiesis Recovery Orchestrated by IL-12/IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3-Initiated Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729293. [PMID: 34540843 PMCID: PMC8446663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Repairing the irradiation-induced osteogenic differentiation injury of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is beneficial to recovering haematopoiesis injury in radiotherapy; however, its mechanism is elusive. Our study aimed to help meet the needs of understanding the effects of radiotherapy on BM-MSC osteogenic potential. Methods and Materials Balb/c mice and the BM-MSCs were used to evaluate the irradiation-induced osteogenic differentiation injury in vivo. The cellular and molecular characterization were applied to determine the mechanism for recovery of irradiation-derived haematopoiesis injuries. Results We report a functional role of IL-12 in acute irradiation hematopoietic injury recovery and intend to dissect the possible mechanisms through BM-MSC, other than the direct effect of IL-12 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, we show that early use of IL-12 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs through IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling; furthermore, IL-12 induced osteogenesis facilitated bone formation and irradiation hematopoiesis recovery when transplanted BM-MSCs in the femur of Balb/c mice. For the mechanism of action, we found that IL-12 receptor beta 1 (IL-12Rβ1) expression of irradiated BM-MSCs was upregulated rapidly, coincidentally consistent with early use of IL-12 induced osteogenic differentiation enhancement. IL-12Rβ1 and tyrosine kinase 2 gene (Tyk2) silencing experiments and phosphotyrosine of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) suppression experiments indicated the IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling was essential in IL-12-induced osteogenic differentiation enhancement of BM-MSCs. Conclusion These findings suggested that IL-12 may exert BM-MSCs-based hematopoietic recovery by repairing osteogenic differentiation abilities damages through IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling pathway post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwen Calvin Li
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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