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Russo P, Milani F, De Iure A, Proietti S, Limongi D, Prezioso C, Checconi P, Zagà V, Novazzi F, Maggi F, Antonelli G, Bonassi S. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Clinical and Molecular Endpoints in COPD Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5834. [PMID: 38892022 PMCID: PMC11172087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a primary contributor to mortality risks and is associated with various diseases. Among these, COPD represents a significant contributor to global mortality and disability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of smoking on a selected battery of variables, with an emphasis on DNA damage. A total of 87 elderly patients diagnosed with COPD, divided into three groups based on their smoking history (current, former, never-smokers), were evaluated using a cross-sectional approach. Clinical features including mortality and inflammatory/oxidative parameters (Lymphocytes/Monocytes, Neutrophils/Lymphocytes, Platelets/Lymphocytes ratio), SII, MDA, 8-Oxo-dG, and IL6 (ELISA assay), as well as DNA damage (comet assay), were investigated. Virus infection, i.e., influenza A virus subtype H1N1, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), and Torquetenovirus (TTV), was also tested. Current smokers exhibit higher levels of comorbidity (CIRS; p < 0.001), Platelets/Lymphocytes ratio (p < 0.001), systemic immune inflammation (p < 0.05), and DNA damage (p < 0.001). Former smokers also showed higher values for parameters associated with oxidative damage and showed a much lower probability of surviving over 5 years compared to never- and current smokers (p < 0.0017). This study showed a clear interaction between events which are relevant to the oxidative pathway and cigarette smoking. A category of particular interest is represented by former smokers, especially for lower survival, possibly due to the presence of more health problems. Our findings raise also the attention to other parameters which are significantly affected by smoking and are useful to monitor COPD patients starting a program of pulmonary rehabilitation (DNA damage, inflammation parameters, and selected viral infections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Milani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Iure
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Experimental Neurophisiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zagà
- Italian Society of Tabaccology (SITAB), Via G. Scalia 39, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Vanneste D, Verscheure E, Srinivasan AN, Godderis L, Ghosh M. Systematic review of genotoxicity induced by occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1453-1517. [PMID: 37099053 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
With increasing numbers of cancer cases, the use of antineoplastic agents is expected to rise. This will be accompanied by an increase in occupational exposure, which can cause unwanted health effects in workers. Our aim was to give an overview of genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and to assess the concentration-effect relation. Four databases were searched for papers investigating genotoxic and/or epigenetic effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Out of the 245 retrieved papers, 62 were included in this review. In this systematic literature review, we confirmed that exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic agents can lead to genotoxic damage. However, we observed a lack of data on exposure as well as genotoxic and epigenetic effects in workers other than healthcare workers. Furthermore, gaps in the current knowledge regarding the potential epigenetic effects caused by antineoplastic drug exposure and regarding the link between internal antineoplastic drug concentration and genotoxic and epigenetic effects after occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents were identified, offering a first step for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Vanneste
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Verscheure
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adhithya Narayanan Srinivasan
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, ON5 Herestraat 49, Box 952, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Arbo MD, Garcia SC, Sarpa M, Da Silva Junior FM, Nascimento SN, Garcia ALH, Da Silva J. Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to different toxic agents: A systematic review on DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503519. [PMID: 35914865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to different toxic agents is very important, especially considering the association between these exposures in a chronic context and DNA damage. Assessing biomarkers of exposure and, when possible, early biomarkers of effect, contributes to elucidating the potential toxic mechanisms involved in genotoxicity and its contribution to chronic non-communicable diseases. In Brazil, the biggest country in South America, workers are exposed to hazardous physical and chemical agents. Considering that these exposures occur, in most cases, throughout the worker's whole life, this is an important public health concern in Brazil. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and the association with DNA damage in studies carried out in Brazil from 1980 to 2021. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in different databases based on occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and DNA damage. Only full articles on studies that investigated experimental evidence on occupational exposure in Brazil and assessed DNA damage were included, amounting to 89 articles. Five main occupational exposure groups were identified: pesticides (36%), organic solvents (20%), dust and particles (16%), metals (11%), and ionizing radiation (6%). Another group called "others" included studies (11%) that did not fall into these main groups. It was found that comet assay and micronucleus tests are the most adopted methods to detect DNA damage. Occupational exposures were most associated with DNA damage. However, further improvements in study design would be needed to better characterize the association between biomonitoring and DNA damage, particularly to account for confounding factors.
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Huang X, Gao C, Cai W, Tao Y, Zhong X, Liu H, Hong X, Ding X, Lu H, Lai W, Yi X, Gu Y. Effect of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on DNA damage in nurses: a cross-sectional study. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:253-258. [PMID: 34969777 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the therapeutic effect of antineoplastic drugs is incontestable, these agents can also potentially act as carcinogens, mutagens and/or teratogens in people. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on DNA damage, assessed by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, in nurses. METHODS The cross-sectional study enrolled 305 nursing staff members from 7 public hospitals in Shenzhen who handled antineoplastic drugs, and 150 healthy nursing staff members who were not exposed to antineoplastic drugs as the control group. DNA damage was assessed by the comet and CBMN assay. Multiple linear regressions and logistic regressions models were used to analyse the effect of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on DNA damage. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, compared with non-exposure to antineoplastic drugs, exposure to antineoplastic drugs was positively related to tail moment, olive moment, tail length and tail DNA per cent, and adjusted β or OR (95% CI) was 0.17 (0.08 to 0.26), 0.18 (0.10 to 0.27), 1.03 (0.47 to 1.60) and 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) (all p<0.05). Moreover, similar significant relationships were observed for the biomarkers of the CBMN assay. Additionally, other than age, there was no interaction between antineoplastic drug exposure and other variables for the levels of biomarkers of the CBMN assay and the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS The present results showed that exposure to antineoplastic drugs was positively related to the risk of DNA damage in nurses. The results imply that occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents is an important global public health problem that requires urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoxian Gao
- Department of Pathology & Toxicology, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Tao
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Hong
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Ding
- Department of Nursing, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Nursing, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Lai
- Department of Nursing, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Nursing, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Siddiqui F, Farooq AD, Kabir N, Fatima N, Abidi L, Faizi S. Toxicological assessment of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. cladode methanol extract, fractions and its alpha pyrones: Opuntiol and opuntioside. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114409. [PMID: 34265378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The edible plant Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. commonly known as Nagphana, belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is traditionally used to treat various ailments including inflammation, gastric ulcers, diabetes, hepatitis, asthma, whooping cough and intestinal spasm. AIM OF THE STUDY Despite its traditional use in various countries, detailed toxicological studies of O. dillenii cladode are few. Thus in the current study, toxicity of O. dillenii cladode derived methanol extract, fractions and its α-pyrones: opuntiol and opuntioside have been addressed. METHODS The test agents were assessed using both in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays. MTT on human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293), tryphan blue exclusion in rat neutrophils, Cytokinesis-B block micronucleus (CBMN) in human lymphocytes and genomic DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. In acute toxicity test, mice orally received extract (5 g/kg) for 7 days followed by measurements of relative organ weight, biochemical (blood profile, liver and kidney function test) and histological studies (liver and kidney) were carried out. Rat bone marrow micronucleus genotoxicity assay was also conducted. RESULTS O. dillenii derived test agents were non-cytotoxic and had no effect on the integrity of DNA. Methanol extract (5 g/kg) orally administered in mice did not cause any significant change in relative organ weights, biochemical parameters and liver and kidney histology as compared to vehicle control. In parallel, extract did not stimulate micronuclei formation in rat bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. CONCLUSION These results led to conclude that edible O. dillenii extract is non-toxic via the oral route and appears to be non-cyto-, hepato-, nephro- or genotoxic, thereby supporting its safe traditional use against various ailments. Therefore, opuntiol and opuntioside may serve as lead compounds in designing new drug(s) derived from edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheema Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi-74200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahsana Dar Farooq
- Hamdard Al-Majeed College of Eastern Medicine Hamdard University, Karachi-74600, Pakistan.
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Narjis Fatima
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Lubna Abidi
- HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, 5C Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Pajic J, Rovcanin B, Rakic B. Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs in Serbian Hospitals. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:307-318. [PMID: 33886965 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although useful in the treatment of malignant cells, antineoplastic drugs (ANPDs) as chemical genotoxic agents, can interfere with normal cell physiology causing genetic damage and unfavourable health effects, especially in occupationally exposed persons. The Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus (CBMN) Cytome assay has been widely used in human biomonitoring studies as a reliable biomarker of chemical genotoxic exposure. OBJECTIVES Our comprehensive research was conducted in order to evaluate micronuclei as a marker for preventive medical screening purposes for persons occupationally exposed to ANPDs. METHODS Using the CBMN Cytome test, peripheral blood lymphocytes of 201 control and 222 exposed subjects were screened for genetic damage. RESULTS Age and gender influenced micronucleus (MN) frequency, but smoking habit did not. The mean micronuclei frequencies and other parameters of the CBMN Cytome test [numbers of binuclear lymphocytes with one (MN1) or two (MN2) micronuclei] were significantly higher in the group of exposed persons. Positive correlation between duration of occupational exposure and MN frequency was revealed. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study performed on a large sample confirmed the capacity of the CBMN Cytome assay to serve as a reliable biomarker of long-term ANPD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation protection department, Deligradska 29,Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovcanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Koste Todorovica 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Rakic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Radiation protection department, Deligradska 29,Belgrade, Serbia
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Gomes LM, Moysés DA, Nascimento HFS, Mota TC, Bonfim LT, Cardoso PCS, Burbano RMR, Bahia MO. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the drug dipyrone sodium in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell line exposed in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1529-1535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Aristizabal-Pachon AF, Castillo WO. Genotoxic evaluation of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:29-36. [PMID: 31998624 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, several reports have provided evidence about adverse health effects on personal involved in Antineoplastic Drugs (ANPD) handling. ANPD has the ability to bind DNA, thus produce genotoxic damage. In this way, XRCC1 and XRCC3 proteins are necessary for efficient DNA repair and polymorphisms in this genes can be associated with an individual response to ANPD exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate genetic damage of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and the possible effect of XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in oncology employees from Bogotá, Colombia. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 80 individuals, among exposed workers and healthy controls. The comet assay and Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay was performed to determinate genetic damage. From every sample DNA was isolated and genotyping for XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) SNPs by PCR-RFLP. The exposed group showed a significant increase of comet assay results and micronucleus frequency, compared with unexposed group. It was observed a gender, exposure time and workplace effect on comet assay results. Our results showed no significant associations of comet assay results and micronucleus frequency with either genotype, allele, nor haplotype of XRCC1 and XRCC3 SNPs. The results suggest that occupational exposure to ANPD may lead to genotoxic damage and even be a risk to human health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the genotoxic damage of occupational exposure to APND in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Felipe Aristizabal-Pachon
- 1Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 43-82, Bogota, D.C. Colombia
| | - Willian Orlando Castillo
- 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Exact and Education, University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, de Oliveira MF, Manfredini V, Wyse ATS. Chronic mild Hyperhomocysteinemia impairs energy metabolism, promotes DNA damage and induces a Nrf2 response to oxidative stress in rats brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:687-700. [PMID: 30949917 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (HCY) has been linked to oxidative stress and varied metabolic changes that are dependent on its concentration and affected tissues. In the present study we evaluate parameters of energy metabolism [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II and IV (cytochrome c oxidase), and ATP levels] and oxidative stress [DCFH oxidation, nitrite levels, antioxidant enzymes and lipid, protein and DNA damages, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) protein abundance] in amygdala and prefrontal cortex of HCY-treated rats. Wistar male rats were treated with a subcutaneous injection of HCY (0.03 µmol/g of body weight) from the 30th to 60th post-natal day, twice a day, to induce mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY). The rats were euthanatized without anesthesia at 12 h after the last injection, and amygdala and prefrontal cortex were dissected for biochemical analyses. In the amygdala, mild HHCY increased activities of SDH and complex II and decreased complex IV and ATP level, as well as increased antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), nitrite levels, DNA damage, and Nrf 2 protein abundance. In the prefrontal cortex, mild HHCY did not alter energy metabolism, but increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase and DNA damage. Other analyzed parameters were not altered by HCY-treatment. Our findings suggested that chronic mild HHCY changes each brain structure, particularly and specifically. These changes may be associated with the mechanisms by which chronic mild HHCY has been linked to the risk factor of fear, mood disorders and depression, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Micaela Federizzi de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Karabulut G, Barlas N. Genotoxic, histologic, immunohistochemical, morphometric and hormonal effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on reproductive systems in pre-pubertal male rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:859-873. [PMID: 30310663 PMCID: PMC6116808 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer and people are exposed to various amounts on a daily basis. This study was designed to evaluate the genotoxic, histologic, immunohistochemical, morphometric and hormonal effects of DEHP (100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 per day DEHP) administered daily to rats by oral gavage for 28 days. The rats were divided into five groups including oil control, positive control (MMS) and treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 per day DEHP). They were euthanized at the end of the experiment, organ and body weights were recorded and serum was collected for biochemical and hormone analysis. The genotoxic effect was measured in blood and sperm using the Comet assay. The testes, epididymis, prostate gland and seminal vesicle were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic analysis. Epithelial height, luminal and tubular diameters (μM) in seminiferous tubules were also measured. Moreover, the study revealed an increase in the DNA damage level in both blood lymphocytes and sperm. At the end of the experiment, the tail intensity showed a significant increase in the 100 mg kg-1 per day (p = 0.032), 200 mg kg-1 per day (p = 0.019) and 400 mg kg-1 per day (p = 0.012) dose groups compared to the control group in blood. Furthermore, testosterone was decreased in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Besides, DEHP caused a significant decrease in the leukocyte levels (p = 0.017) and hemoglobin content, as well as an increased mean cell volume (MCV) count (p = 0.029) in the 400 mg kg-1 per day group when compared to the control values. It is important to indicate that there were apoptotic cells seen in the lumen of testes in the 200 and 400 mg kg-1 per day dose groups using the Tunel method. Therefore, with this study, it has been illustrated that DEHP caused DNA damage in blood and sperm and concrete negative effects on the reproductive system in rats from the pre-pubertal period to the pubertal period. This is a unique study since there has not been any other study that presents the indicated level of DNA damage while considering the genotoxic, histologic, immunohistochemical, morphometric and hormonal effects of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Karabulut
- Dumlupınar University , Faculty of Science , Department of Biology , Kütahya , Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Barlas
- Hacettepe University , Science Faculty , Department of Biology , 06800 , Beytepe Campus , Ankara , Turkey
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Chronic Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Alters Inflammatory and Oxidative/Nitrative Status and Causes Protein/DNA Damage, as well as Ultrastructural Changes in Cerebral Cortex: Is Acetylsalicylic Acid Neuroprotective? Neurotox Res 2017; 33:580-592. [PMID: 29243196 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism. When plasma homocysteine levels exceed 10-15 μM, there is a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia, which occur as a result of an inborn error of methionine metabolism or by non-genetic causes. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is considered a risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether acetylsalicylic acid has neuroprotective role on the effect of homocysteine on inflammatory, oxidative/nitrative stress, and morphological parameters in cerebral cortex of rats subjected to chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Wistar male rats received homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) by subcutaneous injections twice a day and acetylsalicylic acid (25 mg/Kg of body weight) by intraperitoneal injections once a day from the 30th to the 60th postpartum day. Control rats received vehicle solution in the same volume. Results showed that rats subjected to chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and acetylcholinesterase activity and reduced nitrite levels. Homocysteine decreased catalase activity and immunocontent and superoxide dismutase activity, caused protein and DNA damage, and altered neurons ultrastructure. Acetylsalicylic acid totally prevented the effect of homocysteine on acetylcholinesterase activity and catalase activity and immunocontent, as well as the ultrastructural changes, and partially prevented alterations on IL-1β levels, superoxide dismutase activity, sulfhydryl content, and comet assay. Acetylsalicylic acid per se increased DNA damage index. In summary, our findings showed that chronic chemically induced model of mild hyperhomocysteinemia altered some parameters and acetylsalicylic acid administration seemed to be neuroprotective, at least in part, on neurotoxicity of homocysteine.
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Dobrzyńska MM, Pachocki KA, Owczarska K. DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leucocytes of Polish blood donors. Mutagenesis 2017; 33:69-76. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof A Pachocki
- Department of Radiation Hygiene, Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Owczarska
- The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Clinic of Diagnostic Oncology and Cardiooncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Cobanoglu H, Coskun M, Çayir A, Coskun M. In vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of doxepin and escitalopram on human peripheral lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:238-244. [PMID: 28854817 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1365885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of many psychiatric conditions including depression. There are findings suggesting that these drugs might have genotoxic, carcinogenic, and/or mutagenic effects. Therefore, the present in vitro study is intended to investigate potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the antidepressants escitalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and doxepin (Tricyclic antidepressant) on human peripheral lymphocytes cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay) were used for the purpose of the study. In the study, four different concentrations of both drugs (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/mL) were administered to human peripheral lymphocytes for 24 h. The tested concentrations of both drugs were found to exhibit no cytotoxic and mitotic inhibitory effects. SCE increase caused by 5 and 10 µg/mL of escitalopram was found statistically significant, while no statistically significant increase was observed in DNA damage and micronucleus (MN) formation. Moreover, the increase caused by doxepin in MN formation was not found statistically significant. Besides, 10 µg/mL of doxepin was demonstrated to significantly increase arbitrary unit and SCE formation. These findings suggest that the investigated concentrations of escitalopram and doxepin were non-cytotoxic but potentially genotoxic at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Cobanoglu
- a Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Mahmut Coskun
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Terzioglu Campus , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Akin Çayir
- a Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
| | - Munevver Coskun
- a Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale , Turkey
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Nairy RK, Bhat NN, Sanjeev G, Yerol N. DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY USING MICRONUCLEUS CYTOME ASSAY: A TOOL FOR BIODOSIMETRY APPLICATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 174:79-87. [PMID: 26994094 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at obtaining in vitro dose-response data for the induction of micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) in human lymphocytes using 60Co-gamma rays and 8 MeV pulsed electron beam. An attempt was made to validate the possibility of applying NPBs as new biodosimetry endpoint in the dose range of 0-6 Gy. A total of 1000 binucleated cells (BNCs) per dose point were evaluated for the frequency of MN and NPBs. From the study, it is clear that the dose-response increase of MN and NPBs is linear quadratic in nature. The study provides linear and quadratic parameter for biodosimetry application. The relative biological effectiveness value of the 8 MeV electron beam was estimated using slope values and is found to be 1.18 ± 0.01 for MN/BNCs, 1.27 ± 0.02 for the fraction of BNCs with MN, 1.16 ± 0.13 for MN/(BNCs with MN) and 1.09±0.01 for NPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesha K Nairy
- Depatment of Physics, P.A College of Engineering, Mangalore 574 153, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagesh N Bhat
- RP & AD, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Sanjeev
- Depatment of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayana Yerol
- Depatment of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Karnataka, India
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Franken C, Koppen G, Lambrechts N, Govarts E, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Loots I, Nelen V, Sioen I, Nawrot TS, Baeyens W, Van Larebeke N, Boonen F, Ooms D, Wevers M, Jacobs G, Covaci A, Schettgen T, Schoeters G. Environmental exposure to human carcinogens in teenagers and the association with DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:165-174. [PMID: 27771571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether human environmental exposure to chemicals that are labeled as (potential) carcinogens leads to increased (oxidative) damage to DNA in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six hundred 14-15-year-old youngsters were recruited all over Flanders (Belgium) and in two areas with important industrial activities. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) modified comet assays in peripheral blood cells and analysis of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Personal exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds was measured in urine, namely: chromium, cadmium, nickel, 1-hydroxypyrene as a proxy for exposure to other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), t,t-muconic acid as a metabolite of benzene, 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), organophosphate pesticide metabolites, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites. In blood, arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 118 and 156, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were analyzed. Levels of methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in hair. Multiple linear regression models were used to establish exposure-response relationships. RESULTS Biomarkers of exposure to PAHs and urinary chromium were associated with higher levels of both 8-OHdG in urine and DNA damage detected by the alkaline comet assay. Concentrations of 8-OHdG in urine increased in relation with increasing concentrations of urinary t,t-muconic acid, cadmium, nickel, 2,5-DCP, and DEHP metabolites. Increased concentrations of PFOA in blood were associated with higher levels of DNA damage measured by the alkaline comet assay, whereas DDT was associated in the same direction with the Fpg-modified comet assay. Inverse associations were observed between blood arsenic, hair MeHg, PCB 156 and HCB, and urinary 8-OHdG. The latter exposure biomarkers were also associated with higher fish intake. Urinary nickel and t,t-muconic acid were inversely associated with the alkaline comet assay. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study found associations between current environmental exposure to (potential) human carcinogens in 14-15-year-old Flemish adolescents and short-term (oxidative) damage to DNA. Prospective follow-up will be required to investigate whether long-term effects may occur due to complex environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Franken
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Eva Govarts
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Boonen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Daniëlla Ooms
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Mai Wevers
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense, Denmark
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Sasaki M, Ishii N, Kikuchi Y, Kudoh Y, Sugiyama R, Hasebe M. [Occupational exposures among nurses caring for chemotherapy patients -Quantitative analysis of cyclophosphamide and α-fluoro-β-alanine in urine]. SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 58:164-172. [PMID: 27488511 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2016-005-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure the antineoplastic drug content in urine and verify the situation of occupational exposure of the antineoplastic drug among nurses who care for patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Ten female nurses who were caring for patients receiving chemotherapy were the subjects of this study. Urine samples were collected over 24-hour periods, and each sample was analyzed. The excretion of cyclophosphamide (CP) and α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL) were measured in the urine of the 10 nurses. CP and FBAL were detected separately using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) methods (Exposure Control, the Netherlands). RESULT CP was detected in 24 urine samples of 9 nurses. The total amount of CP excreted ranged from 5.4 to 44.2 ng/24-hours. The mean amount of CP excreted per nurse was 16.8 ng/24-hours. No significant difference was observed between the hospital I and II. FBAL was not detected in any of the urine samples. CP was detected in the urine of the nurses prior to their work shift. Moreover, CP was detected in the urine of the nurses who were not caring for patients in the intravenous drip of CP. There was most what answered that there was hair loss in health condition. CONCLUSION The results reveal that almost all nurses were exposed to cyclophosphamide. Even when the patient in the intravenous drip of CP was not being cared for, it became clear that exposure by CP existed. As the route of the exposure to CP, the inhalation or dermal absorption can be considered. To ensure minimum exposed to antineoplastic drugs, suitable personal protective equipment needs to be equipped also of various scenes of caring for chemotherapy patients. Moreover, it is important to keep an eye on the monitoring of the antineoplastic drug in the environment and a nurse's health condition periodically going forward.
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Occupational exposure to cytostatic/antineoplastic drugs and cytogenetic damage measured using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Arun M, Balamuralikrishnan B, Kumar AK, Sureshkumar S, Mustaqahamed S, Mohanadevi S, Easwaran M, Raman N, Haripriya KB, Palanivel H, Balachandar V, Sasikala K. Association between exposure to nitric oxide and changes in select molecular markers of health among men in the gold jewelry manufacturing industry. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mahmoodi M, Soleyman-Jahi S, Zendehdel K, Mozdarani H, Azimi C, Farzanfar F, Safari Z, Mohagheghi MA, Khaleghian M, Divsalar K, Asgari E, Rezaei N. Chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei in lymphocytes of oncology department personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:235-240. [PMID: 27461518 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1209678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern exists regarding the possible hazards to the personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity induced by anti-neoplastic agents in oncology department personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do this, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed at G0 phase of the cell cycle using metaphase analysis, cytokinesis block-micronucleus (MN) assay and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. These cytogenetic end points were measured among 71 nurses in oncology department and 10 drugstore personnel handling and preparing anti-neoplastic drugs. The results were compared to those of 74 matched nurses for age and sex not exposed to any anti-neoplastic agents. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the age of study subjects and control group (p > 0.05). The results showed that the mean frequency of cytogenetic damages in terms of CAs [chromatid breaks (p = 0.01), chromosome breaks (p = 0.005), total CAs (p = 0.001)], MN formation (p = 0.001), and SCE (p = 0.004) in lymphocytes of personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs were significantly higher than those in control unexposed group. CONCLUSION Results of the present study demonstrate the cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of oncology department personnel. Suitable training and proper knowledge when handling anti-neoplastic drugs are emphasized to avoid potential health hazards caused by cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mahmoodi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeed Soleyman-Jahi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Cyrus Azimi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farideh Farzanfar
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- c National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mohagheghi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Malihea Khaleghian
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kouros Divsalar
- d Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran , and
| | - Esfandiar Asgari
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- e Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Hajaghazadeh M, Mostaghaci M, Mehrparvar AH, Zare Sakhvidi F, Naghshineh E. Applicability of the comet assay in evaluation of DNA damage in healthcare providers' working with antineoplastic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 22:52-67. [PMID: 27110842 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2015.1123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintended occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs (ANDs) may occur in medical personnel. Some ANDs are known human carcinogens and exposure can be monitored by genotoxic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the obstacles to obtaining conclusive results from a comet assay test to determine DNA damage among AND exposed healthcare workers. METHODS We systematically reviewed studies that used alkaline comet assay to determine the magnitude and significance of DNA damage among health care workers with potential AND exposure. Fifteen studies were eligible for review and 14 studies were used in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Under random effect assumption, the estimated standardized mean difference (SMD) in the DNA damage of health care workers was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.15-2.71, p < 0.0001). The resulting SMD was reduced to 1.756 (95% CI: 0.992-2.52, p < 0.0001) when the analysis only included nurses. In subgroup analyses based on gender and smoking, heterogeneity was observed. Only for studies reporting comet moment, I2 test results, as a measure of heterogeneity, dropped to zero. Heterogeneity analysis showed that date of study publication was a possible source of heterogeneity (B = -0.14; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A mixture of personal parameters, comet assay methodological variables, and exposure characteristics may be responsible for heterogenic data from comet assay studies and interfere with obtaining conclusive results. Lack of quantitative environmental exposure measures and variation in comet assay protocols across studies are important obstacles in generalization of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- a Faculty of Health, Department of Occupational Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajaghazadeh
- b Faculty of Health, Department of Occupational Health , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mostaghaci
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Fariba Zare Sakhvidi
- d Faculty of Health, Department of Occupational Health , Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Elham Naghshineh
- e Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Lovato FL, de Oliveira CR, Adedara IA, Barbisan F, Moreira KLS, Dalberto M, da Rocha MIUM, Marroni NP, da Cruz IB, Costabeber IB. Quercetin ameliorates polychlorinated biphenyls-induced testicular DNA damage in rats. Andrologia 2016; 48:51-8. [PMID: 25892208 DOI: 10.1111/and.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of environmental contaminants widely reported to cause gonadal toxicity in both humans and animals. This study investigated the amelioratory role of quercetin in PCBs-induced DNA damage in male Wistar rats. Polychlorinated biphenyls were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg kg(-1) alone or in combination with quercetin (orally) at 50 mg kg(-1) for 25 days. Quercetin modulation of PCBs-induced gonadal toxicity was evaluated using selected oxidative stress indices, comet assay, measurement of DNA concentration and histology of the testes. Administration of PCBs alone caused a significant (P < 0.05) depletion in the total thiol level in testes of treated rats. Conversely, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production were markedly elevated in testes of PCBs-treated rats compared with control. Further, PCBs exposure produced statistically significant increases in DNA tail migration, degraded double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) concentration and histological alterations of testes of the treated rats compared to control. Quercetin cotreatment significantly improved the testicular antioxidant status, decreased DNA fragmentation and restored the testicular histology, thus demonstrating the protective effect of quercetin in PCBs-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Lovato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C R de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação BioSaúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - I A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - F Barbisan
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K L S Moreira
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M Dalberto
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M I U M da Rocha
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - N P Marroni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação BioSaúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - I B da Cruz
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I B Costabeber
- Laboratório de Poluentes Persistentes, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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24
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Mader RM, Kokalj A, Kratochvil E, Pilger A, Rüdiger HW. Longitudinal biomonitoring of nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. J Clin Nurs 2016; 18:263-9. [PMID: 18624785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess a possible trend in the genotoxic risk of oncologic nurses during the working year, cytogenetic biomonitoring was performed. BACKGROUND Exposure to cytostatic agents is a major occupational concern in oncologic personnel. In contrast to the controlled environment in oncology pharmacies, nurses may be subject to unexpected events of exposure due to the intensive contact with patients. DESIGN AND METHODS The entire nursing staff of an oncology inpatient ward (n = 15) participated in a biomonitoring study over a period of nine months using the sister chromatid exchange test and the comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks. Blood samples were taken after a three-week summer break (base level), one, three, six and nine months thereafter. Airborne contaminations of cytotoxics were addressed by chromatographic methods. RESULTS With regard to the single monitoring points, the comet assay revealed no significant alteration of the genotoxic burden within nine months. By contrast, the sister chromatid exchange levels were significantly increased after six and nine months when compared with base levels. A trend analysis covering the whole observation period revealed an increase in genotoxicity as shown by the sister chromatid exchange test and the alkaline but not the neutral comet assay. This increase, however, was small and reversible as shown by the trend analysis of sister chromatid exchange rates during the years of service. Air samples were negative for cytotoxic contaminants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The small, but statistically significant genotoxic burden observed in oncologic nurses of an inpatient ward emphasises the need for a continuing effort to eliminate residual occupational risks. In comparison with historical controls, the current situation is characterised by beneficial safety improvements over the last years. Nevertheless, periodic training and awareness of the problems should be an integral part of advanced education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Mader
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Rani KU, Musthafa MS, War M, Al-Sadoon MK, Paray BA, Shareef THMA, Nawas PMA. Impact of tributyltin on antioxidant and DNA damage response in spermatozoa of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20000-20006. [PMID: 26296505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of tributyltin (TBT) on antioxidant [total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and DNA damage levels in the spermatozoa were studied and reported here for the first time in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Three groups of (n = 10 in each group) fishes were exposed to three different nominal concentrations of TBT viz., 1, 2, and 4 mg L(-1) along with control group for 90 days. Significant decrease of antioxidant and increased DNA damage levels were seen at higher doses of 2 and 4 mg L(-1). In prawn, the antioxidant level plays a vital role in sperm protection, activation, differential functions related to the physiology, and reproductive behavior. This study serves as a biomonitoring tool to assess the TBT effects on reproductive behavior of aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umaa Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Saiyad Musthafa
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, 600014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mehrajuddin War
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, 600014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - P Mohideen Askar Nawas
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Periyar E.V.R College of Arts and Science, Trichirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Adad LMDM, de Andrade HHR, Kvitko K, Lehmann M, Cavalcante AADCM, Dihl RR. Occupational exposure of workers to pesticides: Toxicogenetics and susceptibility gene polymorphisms. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:308-15. [PMID: 26500434 PMCID: PMC4612596 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320140336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Farm workers are often exposed to pesticides, which are products belonging to a specific chemical group that affects the health of agricultural workers and is mostly recognized as genotoxic and carcinogenic. The exposure of workers from Piauí, Brazil, to these hazardous chemicals was assessed and cytogenetic alterations were evaluated using the buccal micronucleus assay, hematological and lipid parameters, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of pesticides, such as PON1, as well as of the DNA repair system (OGG1, XRCC1 and XRCC4). Two groups of farm workers exposed to different types of pesticides were evaluated and compared to matched non-exposed control groups. A significant increase was observed in the frequencies of micronuclei, kariorrhexis, karyolysis and binucleated cells in the exposed groups (n = 100) compared to controls (n = 100). No differences were detected regarding the hematological parameters, lipid profile and BChE activity. No significant difference was observed either regarding DNA damage or nuclear fragmentation when specific metabolizing and DNA repair genotypes were investigated in the exposed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Maria de Miranda Adad
- Laboratório de Toxicogenética, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. ; Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia Kvitko
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil. ; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil. ; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brazil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Zanchi MM, Manfredini V, Brum DDS, Vargas LM, Spiazzi CC, Soares MB, Izaguirry AP, Santos FW. Green tea infusion improves cyclophosphamide-induced damage on male mice reproductive system. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:252-260. [PMID: 28962357 PMCID: PMC5598363 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea presents catechins as its major components and it has a potential antioxidant activity. Cyclophosmamide (CP) is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent, known to reduce fertility. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of green tea infusion on cyclophosphamide-induced damage in male mice reproductive system. Mice received green tea infusion (250 mg/kg) or vehicle by gavage for 14 days. Saline or CP were injected intraperitoneally at a single dose (100 mg/kg) at the 14th day. Animals were euthanized 24 h after CP administration and testes and epididymis were removed for biochemical analysis and sperm evaluation. Catechins concentration in green tea infusion was evaluated by HPLC. CP increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and superoxide dismutase activity whereas sperm concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 17β-hydroxysteroid (17β-HSD) dehydrogenase activities were reduced in both tissues tested. Catalase activity and protein carbonyl levels were changed only in testes, after CP administration. Green tea pre-treatment reduced significantly lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and restored GPx and GST activity in testes. In epididymis, therapy significantly increased sperm concentration and restored GPx and 17β-HSD activity. Green tea improves CP-induced damage on reproductive system, probably due to their high catechins content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dos Santos Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Musacchio Vargas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Chiapinotto Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Melina Bucco Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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28
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Xu XR, Tan FQ, Zhu JQ, Ye T, Wang CL, Zhu YF, Dahms HU, Jin F, Yang WX. Detection of DNA damage caused by cryopreservation using a modified SCGE in large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2014; 65:405-13. [PMID: 25475980 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.65.2014.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We used single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) to detect the integrity of sperm DNA of the teleost large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea, cryopreserved with Cortland solution and a range of 5% to 30% DMSO concentrations in order to test how sperm cryopreservation affected the DNA stability of nuclei. Electrophoresis was conducted for 60 min at 130 mA and 15 V. The comet images were analyzed with software CometScore 1.5, and parameters such as comet length, tail length and percentage DNA in the tail were obtained. Then the comet rate and damage coefficient were calculated. Results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in motility, comet rate and damage coefficient between fresh sperm and cryopreserved sperm stored in 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% DMSO, while the sperm cryopreserved with 25% and 30% DMSO had a lower motility, higher comet length and damage coefficients than those of fresh sperm. There was a positive correlation between comet rate of cryopreserved sperm and the concentration of DMSO. Our results demonstrate that toxicity of the cryoprotectant is the main cause of DNA damage in cryopreserved sperm nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital 1 Xueshi Road Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- Zhejiang University The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Jun-Quan Zhu
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ting Ye
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhu
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- KMU - Kaohsiung Medical University Dept. of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Fan Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital 1 Xueshi Road Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- Zhejiang University The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Science Hangzhou 310012 China
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29
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Moretti M, Grollino MG, Pavanello S, Bonfiglioli R, Villarini M, Appolloni M, Carrieri M, Sabatini L, Dominici L, Stronati L, Mastrangelo G, Barbieri A, Fatigoni C, Bartolucci GB, Ceretti E, Mussi F, Monarca S. Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in subjects occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs: a multicentric approach. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:683-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Saria R, Mouchet F, Perrault A, Flahaut E, Laplanche C, Boutonnet JC, Pinelli E, Gauthier L. Short term exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:22-29. [PMID: 24905693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of Multiwalled Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNTs) was investigated on Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10mg/L. Oxidative stress was measured in entire larvae exposed and DNA damage (Comet assay) was carried out in erythrocytes of circulating blood from 2h to 24h according to standardized recommendations. Results showed significant H2O2 production when larvae were exposed to 1mg/L and 10mg/L of MWCNTs after 4h and 2h of exposure, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed significant induction of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) from only 2h of exposure to 10mg/L of MWCNTs. In presence of 1mg/L of MWCNTs, only GR and CAT activities were significantly induced at 4h. Enzyme activities do not follow a simple dose-effect relation, but the time of induction is shortened in relation with the tested concentration. The Comet assay results showed significant DNA damages with a dose dependent response. The profiles of DNA damages show fluctuations, in course of time, which are characteristics of oxidative stress response in relation with the continuous balance between damage and compensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayenne Saria
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Annie Perrault
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire d׳Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement); ENSAT, Avenue de l׳Agrobiopole, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Laplanche
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Charles Boutonnet
- Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France; Toxicology & Environment Department, 420 rue d׳Estienne d׳Orves, F-92705 Colombes Cedex, Arkema, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INP; EcoLab; ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS; EcoLab; F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; Laboratoire Commun NAUTILE (CNRS-UPS-INPT-ARKEMA France), laboratoires EcoLab/CIRIMAT/GRL CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Ferreira AGK, Scherer EB, da Cunha AA, Manfredini V, Biancini GB, Vanzin CS, Vargas CR, Wyse ATS. Hyperprolinemia induces DNA, protein and lipid damage in blood of rats: antioxidant protection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:20-5. [PMID: 24980685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of hyperprolinemia on oxidative damage to biomolecules (protein, lipids and DNA) and the antioxidant status in blood of rats. The influence of the antioxidants on the effects elicited by proline was also examined. Wistar rats received two daily injections of proline and/or vitamin E plus C (6th-28th day of life) and were killed 12h after the last injection. Results showed that hyperprolinemia induced a significant oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA demonstrated by increased carbonyl content, malondialdehyde levels and a greater damage index in comet assay, respectively. The concomitant antioxidants administration to proline treatment completely prevented oxidative damage to proteins, but partially prevented lipids and DNA damage. We also observed that the non-enzymatic antioxidant potential was decreased by proline treatment and partially prevented by antioxidant supplementation. The plasma levels of vitamins E and C significantly increased in rats treated exogenously with these vitamins but, interestingly, when proline was administered concomitantly with vitamin E plus C, the levels of these vitamins were similar to those found in plasma of control and proline rats. Our findings suggest that hyperprolinemia promotes oxidative damage to the three major classes of macromolecules in blood of rats. These effects were accomplished by decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidant potential and decrease in vitamins administered exogenously, which significantly decreased oxidative damage to biomolecules studied. These data suggest that antioxidants may be an effective adjuvant therapeutic to limit oxidative damage caused by proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa G K Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Emilene B Scherer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, Caixa Postal 118, 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Simioni Vanzin
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ladeira C, Viegas S, Pádua M, Gomes M, Carolino E, Gomes MC, Brito M. Assessment of genotoxic effects in nurses handling cytostatic drugs. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:879-87. [PMID: 25072720 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.910158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Several antineoplastic drugs have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) on the basis of epidemiological findings, animal carcinogenicity data, and outcomes of in vitro genotoxicity studies. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which is easily absorbed through the skin, is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent in Portuguese hospitals and therefore may be used as an indicator of surface contamination. The aims of the present investigation were to (1) examine surface contamination by 5-FU and (2) assess the genotoxic risk using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in nurses from two Portuguese hospitals. The study consisted of 2 groups: 27 nurses occupationally exposed to cytostatic agents (cases) and 111 unexposed individuals (controls). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were collected in order to measure micronuclei (MN) in both groups. Hospital B showed a higher numerical level of contamination but not significantly different from Hospital A. However; Hospital A presented the highest value of contamination and also a higher proportion of contaminated samples. The mean frequency of MN was significantly higher in exposed workers compared with controls. No significant differences were found among MN levels between the two hospitals. The analysis of confounding factors showed that age is a significant variable in MN frequency occurrence. Data suggest that there is a potential genotoxic damage related to occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs in oncology nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ladeira
- a Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
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Alakhras RS, Stephanou G, Demopoulos NA, Grintzalis K, Georgiou CD, Nikolaropoulos SS. DNA fragmentation induced by all-trans retinoic acid and its steroidal analogue EA-4 in C2 C12 mouse and HL-60 human leukemic cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:885-92. [PMID: 23913437 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that retinoic acid induces micronucleation mainly via chromosome breakage (Alakhras et al. Cancer Lett 2011; 306: 15-26). To further study retinoic acid clastogenicity and evaluate DNA damaging potential we investigated the ability of (a) all-trans retinoic acid and its steroidal analogue EA-4 to induce DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay under alkaline unwinding and neutral condition electrophoresis, and (b) the retinoids under study to induce small (0-1 kb) DNA fragments. Two cell lines, C2C12 mouse cells and HL-60 human leukemic cells were used in this study. We found that all-trans retinoic acid and its steroidal analogue EA-4 (a) provoke DNA migration due to DNA fragmentation as it is shown by the increased values of Comet parameters, and (b) induce significantly small-size fragmented genomic DNA as indicated by the quantification of necrotic/apoptotic small DNA segments in both cell systems. A different response between the two cell lines was observed in relation to retinoid ability to increase the percentage of DNA in the tail as well as break DNA in to small fragments. Our findings confirm the ability of retinoic acid to provoke micronucleation by disrupting DNA into fragments, among which small pieces of double-stranded DNA up to 1 kb are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda S Alakhras
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26 500, Patras, Greece
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Kumar AK, Balachandar V, Arun M, Ahamed SAKM, Kumar SS, Balamuralikrishnan B, Sankar K, Sasikala K. A comprehensive analysis of plausible genotoxic covariates among workers of a polyvinyl chloride plant exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:652-658. [PMID: 23271343 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of chromosomal aberrations-including chromatid type aberrations (CTAs), chromosomal type aberrations, micronucleus (MN) comet assay, and XRCC1 399 Arg/Gln polymorphism-in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). A total of 52 workers and an equal number of controls were recruited into the study to explore the potential cytogenetic risk of occupational exposure to VCM. Questionnaires were administered to obtain details of habitual cigarette-smoking, alcohol-consumption pattern, and occupation, etc. The exposed subjects and controls were classified into two groups based on age (group I <40 years; group II ≥40 years), and exposed subjects were further classified based on exposure duration (>8 and ≥8 years). CTA, MN, and comet assay frequency were significantly greater in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) factory workers (p < 0.05) with long-duration work. CTA, MN, and comet assay values were found to be increased with age in exposed subjects as well as in controls, with exposed subjects showing a statistically greater degree. An extensively greater MN frequency was observed in smokers exposed to VCM than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean tail length of exposed subjects was greater compared with controls. The study on XRCC1 399 Arg/gln polymorphism in PVC factory workers showed less significant difference in allele frequency compared with controls. In conclusion, this results of work provides evidence for an apparent genotoxic effect associated with VCM exposure. Our results reinforce the greater sensitivity of cytogenetic assays for biomonitoring of occupationally exposed populations. Statistics indicate that workers exposed to VCM are at carcinogenic risk and should be monitored for long-term adverse effects from their exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Human Genetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Villarini M, Dominici L, Fatigoni C, Muzi G, Monarca S, Moretti M. Biological Effect Monitoring in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Subjects Occupationally Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs: Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency. J Occup Health 2013; 54:405-15. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.12-0038-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Section of Occupational MedicineRespiratory Diseases and Toxicology), University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Silvano Monarca
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Specialties and Public Health (Section of Public Health)University of PerugiaItaly
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Spiazzi CC, Manfredini V, Barcellos da Silva FE, Flores EMM, Izaguirry AP, Vargas LM, Soares MB, Santos FW. γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:526-32. [PMID: 23395783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal that is present at low levels mainly in food and water and also in cigar smoke. The present study evaluated the testicular damage caused by acute cadmium exposure and verified the protective role of γ-oryzanol (ORY). Mice were administrated with a single dose of 2.5mg/kg of CdCl2, and then treated with ORY (50mM in canola oil, 5mL/kg). Testes were removed after 24h and tested for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonylation, DNA breakage, ascorbic acid, cadmium and non-proteic thiols contents, and for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and δ-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). Cadmium presented a significant alteration in all parameters, except GPx and CAT activities. Therapy reduced in a slight degree cadmium concentration in testes (around 23%). ORY restored SOD and GST activities as well as TBARS production to the control levels. Furthermore, ORY partially recovered δ-ALA-D activity inhibited by cadmium. This study provides the first evidence on the therapeutic properties of ORY in protecting against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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da Silva Rocha LB, Dias Elias DB, Barbosa MC, Bandeira ICJ, Gonçalves RP. DNA damage in leukocytes of sickle cell anemia patients is associated with hydroxyurea therapy and with HBB*S haplotype. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rodrigues AS, Arruda MSC, Garcia PV. Evidence of DNA damage in humans inhabiting a volcanically active environment: a useful tool for biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 49:51-56. [PMID: 22982222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate whether chronic exposure to a volcanically active environment might result in genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in human oral epithelial cells. A study group of 120 individuals inhabiting a volcanically active environment (exposed group; Furnas village) and a reference group of 122 individuals inhabiting a village without manifestations of volcanic activity (Santo António village) were examined in this study. Individuals from Furnas village inhabit a volcanically active environment marked by several degassing manifestations, including fumarolic fields, thermal and cold CO₂ springs and soil diffuse degassing areas. For each individual, 1000 buccal epithelial cells were analyzed for the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) and the frequency of cells with other nuclear anomalies (ONA: pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis), by using the micronucleus assay. Information on life-style factors and an informed consent were obtained from each participant. The frequencies of MNC and of ONA per 1000 cells in the exposed group (4.3‰ and 23.5‰, respectively) were significantly higher than in the reference group (1.7‰ and 7.7‰, respectively). The risk of having a high frequency of MNC or ONA was 2.4 and 3.1-fold higher in exposed individuals compared to reference group. The analyzed confounding factors (age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and mouthwash use) did not show any significant association with the frequency of MNC or ONA. The higher risk of DNA damage in individuals inhabiting a volcanically active environment is for the first time clearly highlighted with this biomonitoring study. Given that MNC in oral epithelia are recognized as a predictive biomarker of cancer risk within a population of healthy subjects, these findings could contribute to explain the high incidence rates of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancers previously referred for Furnas village inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rodrigues
- CVARG, Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Palazzo RP, Bagatini PB, Schefer PB, de Andrade FM, Maluf SW. Genomic instability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2012; 34:31-5. [PMID: 23049381 PMCID: PMC3459606 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20120011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A previous study by our research group evaluated the levels of DNA damage using the comet assay in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The same blood samples were also evaluated using the cytochalasin B micronucleus assay. A comparison of the results of the two assays is presented here. Methods Whole blood samples were collected from 22 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on hemodialysis and from 22 control subjects. Samples were collected from patients early in the morning on Mondays, before the first weekly hemodialysis session. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used to evaluate genomic instability. Results The frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear buds were higher in patients than in controls (p-value = 0.001 and p-value < 0.001, respectively). There was a correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage with the results of the comet assay (p-value < 0.001). The difference in the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds between patients and controls was more pronounced in the group with higher median comet values than in the group with lower comet values. Conclusion Our results suggest that the increased rates of DNA damage as measured by the comet assay and influenced by the weekly routine therapy of these patients has a mutagenic effect, thereby increasing the risk of cancer in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Passos Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Exposure of thermoelectric power-plant workers to volatile organic compounds from fuel oil: Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mrđanović J, Jungić S, Šolajić S, Bogdanović V, Jurišić V. Effects of orally administered antioxidants on micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequency in workers professionally exposed to antineoplastic agents. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2937-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lamberti M, Porto S, Marra M, Zappavigna S, Grimaldi A, Feola D, Pesce D, Naviglio S, Spina A, Sannolo N, Caraglia M. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis in rat cardiocytes through intracellular oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:60. [PMID: 22812382 PMCID: PMC3461434 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxicity is a major complication of anticancer drugs, including anthracyclines and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and it can have detrimental effects both in patients and workers involved in the preparation of chemotherapy. Methods Specifically, we have assessed the effects of increasing concentrations of 5-FU and doxorubicin (DOXO) on proliferation of H9c2 rat cardiocytes and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by MTT assay. Cells were treated for 24, 48 and 72 h with different concentrations of the two drugs alone or with 5-FU in combination with 10-4 M of levofolene (LF). Results 5-FU induced a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition in both cell lines. The 50% growth inhibition (IC:50) was reached at 72 h with concentrations of 4 μM and 400 μM on HT-29 and H9c2, respectively. The addition of LF to 5-FU enhanced this effect. On the other hand, the IC:50 of DOXO was reached at 72 h with concentrations of 0.118 μM on H9c2 and of 0.31 μM for HT-29. We have evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by 50% growth inhibitory concentrations of 5-FU or DOXO in cardiocytes and colon cancer cells. We have found that the treatment with 400 μM 5-FU induced apoptosis in 32% of H9c2 cells. This effect was increased by the addition of LF to 5-FU (38% of apoptotic cells). Apoptosis occurred in only about 10% of HT-29 cells treated with either 5-FU or 5-FU and LF in combination. DOXO induced poor effects on apoptosis of both H9c2 and HT-29 cells (5–7% apoptotic cells, respectively). The apoptosis induced by 5-FU and LF in cardiocytes was paralleled by the activation of caspases 3, 9 and 7 and by the intracellular increase of O2− levels. Conclusions These results suggest that cardiotoxic mechanism of chemotherapy agents are different and this disclose a new scenario for prevention of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lamberti
- Occupational Medicine, Hygiene and Industrial Toxicology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Kasiotis KM, Kyriakopoulou K, Emmanouil C, Tsantila N, Liesivuori J, Souki H, Manakis S, Machera K. Monitoring of systemic exposure to plant protection products and DNA damage in orchard workers. Toxicol Lett 2011; 210:182-8. [PMID: 22115631 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The systemic exposure of plum tree growers and operators to plant protection products (PPPs) and effects on DNA were assessed. Specifically, a GC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of serum samples for the presence of seven active substances of PPPs. The analytical results verified the presence of myclobutanil, propargite, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in 7 out of 19 serum samples. The incidence of DNA damage was monitored using the single cell electrophoresis assay (comet assay). A paired Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant increase of SSBs in the blood samples collected at the end of the cropping period as compared to the samples collected from the same subjects before the start of PPPs application period. Moreover, the group of seven subjects with detectable serum pesticides levels revealed statistically significant increase of SSBs as compared to the group of subjects with no detectable PPP levels. The results of the present study demonstrate that the agriculture workers may exhibit detectable level of systemic exposure to the applied PPPs which are correlated to increased DNA damage during the cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos M Kasiotis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides Toxicology, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
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El-Ebiary AA, Abuelfadl AA, Sarhan NI. Evaluation of genotoxicity induced by exposure to antineoplastic drugs in lymphocytes of oncology nurses and pharmacists. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:196-201. [PMID: 21935972 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hazards of handling antineoplastic drugs have been raised and discussed in several studies. Introduction of new antineoplastics together with abuse of safety standards have contributed to the exposure risk for personnel who handle these substances. Interactions of antineoplastic drugs with biological structures vary according to the drug(s) and the individual's genetic susceptibility. This study was carried out to evaluate the genome damage induced by exposure to antineoplastic drugs in nurses (n = 20) and pharmacists (n = 18) working in the Oncology Department of Tanta Cancer Center. Thirty subjects matched in age, gender and smoking habit were selected as controls. Both chromosomal aberration analysis and micronucleus assay were used to evaluate genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the study subjects. The numbers of aberrant lymphocytes, as well as chromosomal aberration and micronuclei frequencies, were significantly increased in exposed personnel in comparison to matched controls. Compared with pharmacists, nurses showed notably higher level of chromosome damage. On the other hand, no significant difference in micronuclei frequency was observed between nurses and pharmacists. Correlation analyses pointed to the influence of age and duration of occupational exposure on the level of chromosome damage among exposed subjects. The results of this study confirmed that handling antineoplastic drugs without appropriate precautions imposed a genotoxic risk for exposed healthcare workers. These results address the need for regular biomonitoring of exposed personnel. In addition, they call attention to the need for proper implementation of intervention measures aiming to eliminate or significantly reduce worker exposure and prevent untoward biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Suspiro A, Prista J. Biomarkers of occupational exposure do anticancer agents: a minireview. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:42-52. [PMID: 21911042 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of anticancer agents has in common DNA-damaging properties and affects not only target-cells but also non-tumour cells. Its genotoxicity has been demonstrated in experimental models and in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Health care personnel involved in the preparation and administration of chemotherapy is therefore at risk for adverse health effects, since most environmental sampling studies demonstrated that there is widespread contamination of work surfaces and equipments with anticancer drugs. Adherence to safety guidelines and proper use of personal protective equipment are insufficient to prevent significant absorption, as evidenced by the presence of detectable amounts of drugs in urine samples and increased frequency of genotoxicity biomarkers. In this minireview, a critical appraisal of the most important biomarkers used for the evaluation of occupational exposure to anticancer agents as well as a summary of the key findings from several studies published in this field is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suspiro
- ENSP-UNL, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Moretti M, Bonfiglioli R, Feretti D, Pavanello S, Mussi F, Grollino MG, Villarini M, Barbieri A, Ceretti E, Carrieri M, Buschini A, Appolloni M, Dominici L, Sabatini L, Gelatti U, Bartolucci GB, Poli P, Stronati L, Mastrangelo G, Monarca S. A study protocol for the evaluation of occupational mutagenic/carcinogenic risks in subjects exposed to antineoplastic drugs: a multicentric project. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:195. [PMID: 21450074 PMCID: PMC3074546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some industrial hygiene studies have assessed occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs; other epidemiological investigations have detected various toxicological effects in exposure groups labeled with the job title. In no research has the same population been studied both environmentally and epidemiologically. The protocol of the epidemiological study presented here uses an integrated environmental and biological monitoring approach. The aim is to assess in hospital nurses preparing and/or administering therapy to cancer patients the current level of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, DNA and chromosome damage as cancer predictive effects, and the association between the two. Methods/Design About 80 healthy non-smoking female nurses, who job it is to prepare or handle antineoplastic drugs, and a reference group of about 80 healthy non-smoking female nurses not occupationally exposed to chemicals will be examined simultaneously in a cross-sectional study. All the workers will be recruited from five hospitals in northern and central Italy after their informed consent has been obtained. Evaluation of surface contamination and dermal exposure to antineoplastic drugs will be assessed by determining cyclophosphamide on selected surfaces (wipes) and on the exposed nurses' clothes (pads). The concentration of unmetabolized cyclophosphamide as a biomarker of internal dose will be measured in end-shift urine samples from exposed nurses. Biomarkers of effect and susceptibility will be assessed in exposed and unexposed nurses: urinary concentration of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; DNA damage detected using the single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay in peripheral white blood cells; micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Genetic polymorphisms for enzymes involved in metabolic detoxification (i.e. glutathione S-transferases) will also be analysed. Using standardized questionnaires, occupational exposure will be determined in exposed nurses only, whereas potential confounders (medicine consumption, lifestyle habits, diet and other non-occupational exposures) will be assessed in both groups of hospital workers. Statistical analysis will be performed to ascertain the association between occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and biomarkers of DNA and chromosome damage, after taking into account the effects of individual genetic susceptibility, and the presence of confounding exposures. Discussion The findings of the study will be useful in updating prevention procedures for handling antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Moretti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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García-Lestón J, Roma-Torres J, Vilares M, Pinto R, Cunha LM, Prista J, Teixeira JP, Mayan O, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Laffon B. Biomonitoring of a population of Portuguese workers exposed to lead. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 721:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Evaluation of antineoplastic drug exposure of health care workers at three university-based US cancer centers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 52:1019-27. [PMID: 20881620 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181f72b63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated health care worker exposure to antineoplastic drugs. METHODS A cross-sectional study examined environmental samples from pharmacy and nursing areas. A 6-week diary documented tasks involving those drugs. Urine was analyzed for two specific drugs, and blood samples were analyzed by the comet assay. RESULTS Sixty-eight exposed and 53 nonexposed workers were studied. Exposed workers recorded 10,000 drug-handling events during the 6-week period. Sixty percent of wipe samples were positive for at least one of the five drugs measured. Cyclophosphamide was most commonly detected, followed by 5-fluorouracil. Three of the 68 urine samples were positive for one drug. No genetic damage was detected in exposed workers using the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS Despite following recommended safe-handling practices, workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs in pharmacy and nursing areas continues at these locations.
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Martins RA, Gomes GAS, Aguiar O, Medalha CC, Ribeiro DA. Chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells after 2 months of exposure to anabolic steroids (decadurabolin and winstrol) in weight lifting. Steroids 2010; 75:952-5. [PMID: 20566358 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from anabolic steroid users after 2 months of exposure. Two experimental groups consisting of 15 adult males who practise weight lifting and are anabolic steroid users or 15 adult males who practise weight lifting, but are non-anabolic steroid users, were recruited. In addition, 20 sedentary males, who do not practise any physical activity regularly, were matched by age with experimental groups. No significant statistical differences (p>0.05) were noticed in individuals who practise physical activity only. On the other hand, an increase of micronucleated cells (MNCs) in anabolic steroid (decadurabulin and Winstrol) users was observed. Regarding cytotoxic parameters, the same observation has occurred, that is, significant statistical differences (p<0.05) were noticed in the group exposed to anabolic steroids when compared with other controls, as depicted by high frequencies of pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis. Taken together, our results suggest that genomic instability and cytotoxicity are induced by anabolic steroid administration in oral mucosa cells as assessed by the micronucleus test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato A Martins
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001 Santos, SP, Brazil
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