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Chin ZX, Chua SL, Ang YL, Wee S, Lee KKM, Wu Y, Chan JSH. Illegal synthetic dyes in spices: a Singapore case study. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:142-152. [PMID: 38600616 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2326431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Some synthetic dyes are fraudulently added into spices to appeal visually to consumers. Food regulations in several countries, including the United States, Australia, Japan and the European Union, strictly prohibit the use of unauthorised synthetic dyes in food. Nevertheless, illegal practices persist, where spices contaminated with potentially carcinogenic dyes have been documented, posing potential health risks to consumers. In the present study, 14 synthetic dyes were investigated through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 252 commercially available spices in the Singapore market. In 18 out of these (7.1%) at least 1 illegal dye was detected at concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 114 mg/kg. Besides potential health risks, presence of these adulterants also reflects the economic motivations behind their fraudulent use. Findings in the present study further emphasise the need for increased public awareness, stricter enforcement, and continuous monitoring of illegal synthetic dyes in spices to ensure Singapore's food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Xin Chin
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sew Lay Chua
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Li Ang
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Kah Meng Lee
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ramamurthy K, Priya PS, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Hues of risk: investigating genotoxicity and environmental impacts of azo textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33190-33211. [PMID: 38676865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The textile industry, with its extensive use of dyes and chemicals, stands out as a significant source of water pollution. Exposure to certain textile dyes, such as azo dyes and their breakdown products like aromatic amines, has been associated with health concerns like skin sensitization, allergic reactions, and even cancer in humans. Annually, the worldwide production of synthetic dyes approximates 7 × 107 tons, of which the textile industry accounts for over 10,000 tons. Inefficient dyeing procedures result in the discharge of 15-50% of azo dyes, which do not adequately bind to fibers, into wastewater. This review delves into the genotoxic impact of azo dyes, prevalent in the textile industry, on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Examining different families of textile dye which contain azo group in their structure such as Sudan I and Sudan III Sudan IV, Basic Red 51, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Yellow 7, Congo Red, Acid Red 26, and Acid Blue 113 reveals their carcinogenic potential, which may affect both industrial workers and aquatic life. Genotoxic and carcinogenic characteristics, chromosomal abnormalities, induced physiological and neurobehavioral changes, and disruptions to spermatogenesis are evident, underscoring the harmful effects of these dyes. The review calls for comprehensive investigations into the toxic profile of azo dyes, providing essential insights to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The importance of effective effluent treatment systems is underscored to mitigate adverse impacts on agricultural lands, water resources, and the environment, particularly in regions heavily reliant on wastewater irrigation for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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He Z, Ma S, Huang P, Liang Q, Wang R. Covalent organic framework/layered double hydroxide composite-coated poly(ether ether ketone) jacket for stir bar sorptive extraction of Sudan dyes. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300865. [PMID: 38471971 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel coating for stir bar sorptive extraction was developed by growing a covalent organic framework, TpPa-1 (derived from phenylenediamine and 1,3,5-trimethylphloroglucinol), onto the surface of Ni-Al layered double hydroxide. Using a poly(ether ether ketone) tube as the supporting substrate, a TpPa-1/layered double hydroxide-coated stir bar was fabricated and demonstrated excellent extraction performance for Sudan dyes. Notably, its extraction efficiency significantly exceeded that of stir bars modified with only TpPa-1 or Ni-Al layered double hydroxide. Based on this innovative coating, a stir bar sorptive extraction-high performance liquid chromatography method was established. This method exhibited low limits of detection (0.04-0.08 ng/mL) for the analysis of Sudan dyes. It also featured a wide linear range (0.25-100 or 200 ng/mL) and demonstrated good repeatability with relative standard deviations ≤6.22%. The recoveries obtained for spiked lake water and chili powder samples were 93.5%-105.2% and 87.8%-100.6%, respectively, demonstrating the practical potential of the developed method for detecting trace Sudan dyes in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Peiqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Qionghuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
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4
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Pande V, Joshi T, Pandey SC, Sati D, Mathpal S, Pande V, Chandra S, Samant M. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches for evaluation of laccase-mediated biodegradation of various industrial dyes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12461-12471. [PMID: 34459700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1971564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dyes are being increasingly utilized across the globe, but there is no appropriate method of bioremediation for their full mineralization from the environment. Laccases are key enzymes that help microbes to degrade dyes as well as their intermediate metabolites. Various dyes have been reported to be degraded by bacteria, but it is still unclear how these enzymes function during dye degradation. To effectively eradicate toxic dyes from the system, it is essential to understand the molecular function of enzymes. As a result, the interaction of laccase with different toxic dyes was investigated using molecular docking. Based on the highest binding energy we have screened ten dyes with positive interaction with laccase. Evaluating the MD simulation results, three out of ten dyes were more stable as potential targets for degradation by laccase of Bacillus subtilis. As a result, subsequent research focused solely on the results of three substrates: pigment red, fuchsin base, and Sudan IV. Analysis of MD simulation revealed that pigments red 23, fuchsin base, and Sudan IV form hydrogen and hydrophobic bond as well as Vander Waals interactions with the active site of laccase to keep it stable in aqueous solution. The conformation of laccase is greatly altered by the inclusion of all three substrates in the active site. The MD simulation findings show that laccase complexes remain stable throughout the catalytic reaction. Therefore, this research provides a molecular understanding of laccase expression and its role in the bioremediation of the pigments red 23, fuchsin base, and Sudan IV.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veni Pande
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (DST-FIST sponsored), Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tushar Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satish Chandra Pandey
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (DST-FIST sponsored), Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Diksha Sati
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (DST-FIST sponsored), Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalini Mathpal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (DST-FIST sponsored), Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Guastaferro M, Baldino L, Vaiano V, Cardea S, Reverchon E. Supercritical Phase Inversion to Produce Photocatalytic Active PVDF-coHFP_TiO 2 Composites for the Degradation of Sudan Blue II Dye. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8894. [PMID: 36556698 PMCID: PMC9782530 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-loaded poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-coHFP) membranes were produced by supercritical CO2-assisted phase inversion. Three different TiO2 loadings were tested: 10, 20, and 30 wt% with respect to the polymer. Increasing the TiO2 amount from 10 wt% to 20 wt% in the starting solution, the transition from leafy-like to leafy-cellular morphology was observed in the section of the membrane. When 30 wt% TiO2 was used, the entire membrane section showed agglomerates of TiO2 nanoparticles. These polymeric membranes were tested to remove Sudan Blue II (SB) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption/photocatalytic processes revealed that membrane morphology and TiO2 cluster size were the parameters that mainly affected the dye removal efficiency. Moreover, after five cycles of exposure of these membranes to UV light, SB removal was higher than 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Guastaferro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- C.U.G.RI., InterUniversity Research Center for the Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Cardea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- C.U.G.RI., InterUniversity Research Center for the Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Kumaravel TS, Sathya TN, Balaje R, Pradeepa P, Yogaraj D, Murali MR, Navaneethakrishnan KR, Murugan S, Jha AN. Genotoxicity evaluation of medical devices: A regulatory perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108407. [PMID: 35690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review critically evaluates our current regulatory understanding of genotoxicity testing and risk assessment of medical devices. Genotoxicity risk assessment of these devices begins with the evaluation of materials of construction, manufacturing additives and all residual materials for potential to induce DNA damage. This is followed by extractable and/or leachable (E&L) studies to understand the worst case and/or clinical exposures, coupled with risk assessment of extractables or leachables. The TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) approach is used to define acceptable levels of genotoxic chemicals, when identified. Where appropriate, in silico predictions may be used to evaluate the genotoxic potentials of identifiable chemicals with limited toxicological data and above the levels defined by TTC. Devices that could not be supported by E&L studies are evaluated by in vitro genotoxicity studies conducted in accordance with ISO10993-3 and 33. Certain endpoints such as 'site of contact genotoxicity' that are specific for certain classes of medical devices are currently not addressed in the current standards. The review also illustrates the potential uses of recent advances to achieve the goal of robust genotoxicity assessment of medical devices which are being increasingly used for health benefits. The review also highlights the gaps for genotoxicity risk assessment of medical devices and suggests possible approaches to address them taking into consideration the recent advances in genotoxicity testing including their potential uses in biocompatibility assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirukalikundram S Kumaravel
- GLR Laboratories (Europe) Pvt. Ltd., Sharnbrook, MK44 1LZ, United Kingdom; GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 600068, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sivasubramanian Murugan
- GLR Laboratories (Europe) Pvt. Ltd., Sharnbrook, MK44 1LZ, United Kingdom; GLR Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Chennai, 600068, India
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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Ahrensbøll-Friis U, Simonsen AB, Dahlin J, Isaksson M, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Allergic contact dermatitis from dyes used in the temple of spectacles. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 86:25-28. [PMID: 34655078 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We observed an increasing number of patients who presented with facial or retro-auricular dermatitis after skin contact with plastic spectacles or plastic covered temples. OBJECTIVES To identify the allergens in plastic spectacles that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. METHODS All patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to eyewear were tested with Solvent Orange 60 (SO60), four additionally with Solvent Yellow 14 (SY14), and five with scrapings from their own spectacles. In one case, a chemical analysis of the spectacles was performed to uncover the causative allergen. RESULTS Three patients were allergic to SO60, two patients to SY14, and two patients were allergic to both SO60 and SY14. CONCLUSION Patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis from spectacles should be tested with SO60 and SY14, and based on findings from previous reports, also with Solvent Red 179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Ahrensbøll-Friis
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anne Birgitte Simonsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jakob Dahlin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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Dračínská H, Indra R, Jelínková S, Černá V, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Benzo[ a]pyrene-Induced Genotoxicity in Rats Is Affected by Co-Exposure to Sudan I by Altering the Expression of Biotransformation Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8062. [PMID: 34360828 PMCID: PMC8347376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that reacts with DNA after metabolic activation catalysed by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 together with microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The azo dye Sudan I is a potent inducer of CYP1A1/2. Here, Wistar rats were either treated with single doses of BaP (150 mg/kg bw) or Sudan I (50 mg/kg bw) alone or with both compounds in combination to explore BaP-derived DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using 32P-postlabelling, DNA adducts generated by BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide were found in livers of rats treated with BaP alone or co-exposed to Sudan I. During co-exposure to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment, BaP-DNA adduct levels increased 2.1-fold in comparison to BaP treatment alone. Similarly, hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment were also the most effective in generating DNA adducts in vitro with the activated metabolites BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol or BaP-9-ol as intermediates. DNA adduct formation correlated with changes in the expression and/or enzyme activities of CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in hepatic microsomes. Thus, BaP genotoxicity in rats in vivo appears to be related to the enhanced expression and/or activity of hepatic CYP1A1/2 and 1B1 caused by exposure of rats to the studied compounds. Our results indicate that the industrially employed azo dye Sudan I potentiates the genotoxicity of the human carcinogen BaP, and exposure to both substances at the same time seems to be hazardous to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Sandra Jelínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | | | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
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Tajik S, Orooji Y, Ghazanfari Z, Karimi F, Beitollahi H, Varma RS, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Nanomaterials modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of Sudan I in food. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fonseca AS, Viitanen AK, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Aguerre-Chariol O, Fable S, Dermigny A, Karoski N, Fraboulet I, Koponen IK, Delpivo C, Vilchez Villalba A, Vázquez-Campos S, Østerskov Jensen AC, Hjortkjær Nielsen S, Sahlgren N, Clausen PA, Xuan Nguyen Larsen B, Kofoed-Sørensen V, Alstrup Jensen K, Koivisto J. Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO 2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020418. [PMID: 33430311 PMCID: PMC7825781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fonseca
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3916-5492
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Sebastien Fable
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Adrien Dermigny
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Nicolas Karoski
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Isaline Fraboulet
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Camilla Delpivo
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Vilchez Villalba
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Socorro Vázquez-Campos
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alexander Christian Østerskov Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Signe Hjortkjær Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Nicklas Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Bianca Xuan Nguyen Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- ARCHE Consulting, B-9032 Ghent, Belgium
- Air Pollution Management, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 UHEL Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Dendrimer assisted dye-removal: A critical review of adsorption and catalytic degradation for wastewater treatment. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Ntrallou K, Gika H, Tsochatzis E. Analytical and Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Food Colorants in Food Matrices. Foods 2020; 9:E58. [PMID: 31936025 PMCID: PMC7022967 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Color additives are widely used by the food industry to enhance the appearance, as well as the nutritional properties of a food product. However, some of these substances may pose a potential risk to human health, especially if they are consumed excessively and are regulated, giving great importance to their determination. Several matrix-dependent methods have been developed and applied to determine food colorants, by employing different analytical techniques along with appropriate sample preparation protocols. Major techniques applied for their determination are chromatography with spectophotometricdetectors and spectrophotometry, while sample preparation procedures greatly depend on the food matrix. In this review these methods are presented, covering the advancements of existing methodologies applied over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Ntrallou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- BIOMIC AUTH Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tsochatzis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- BIOMIC AUTH Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
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14
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Electrochemical Reduction of Azo Dyes Mimicking their Biotransformation to More Toxic Products. J Vet Res 2019; 63:433-438. [PMID: 31572825 PMCID: PMC6749740 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some azo dyes, including Sudans I–IV and Para Red, are genotoxic and may be biotransformed to cancerogenic aromatic amines. They are banned as food and feed additives, but their presence has been detected in food. Aromatic amines are also considered potentially toxic. Online EC–MS is a promising tool to study the transformation mechanisms of xenobiotics such as azo dyes. The aim of the study was to investigate emulation of how azo dyes are enzymatically transformed to amines with EC–MS. Material and Methods The reduction reactions of five azo dyes (Sudans I–IV and Para Red) were conducted using a glassy carbon working electrode and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Reduction results were compared with the literature and in silico to select preliminary candidates for metabolites. The LC-MS/MS method was used to confirm results obtained by electrochemical reactor. Results A limited number of pre-selected compounds were confirmed as azo dyes metabolites – aniline for Sudan I, aniline and 4-aminoazobenzene for Sudan III, o-toluidine for Sudan IV, and 4-nitroaniline for Para Red. No metabolites were found for Sudan II. Conclusions Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry was successfully applied to azo dyes. This approach may be used to mimic the metabolism of azo dyes, and therefore predict products of biotransformation.
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The mutagenic activity of select azo compounds in MutaMouse target tissues in vivo and primary hepatocytes in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 844:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Daud M, Hai A, Banat F, Wazir MB, Habib M, Bharath G, Al-Harthi MA. A review on the recent advances, challenges and future aspect of layered double hydroxides (LDH) – Containing hybrids as promising adsorbents for dyes removal. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Sharma A, Buschmann MM, Gilbert JA. Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:317-328. [PMID: 30937887 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human body, with 3.0 × 1013 cells and more than 3.8 × 1013 microorganisms, has nearly a one-to-one ratio of resident microbes to human cells. Initiatives like the Human Microbiome Project, American Gut, and Flemish Gut have identified associations between microbial taxa and human health. The study of interactions between microbiome and pharmaceutical agents, i.e., pharmacomicrobiomics, has revealed an instrumental role of the microbiome in modulating drug response that alters the therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we present our current comprehension of the relationship of the microbiome, host biology, and pharmaceutical agents such as cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and chemotherapeutic agents to human disease and treatment outcomes. We also discuss the significance of studying diet-gene-drug interactions and further address the key challenges associated with pharmacomicrobiomics. Finally, we examine proposed models employing systems biology for the application of pharmacomicrobiomics and other -omics data, and provide approaches to elucidate microbiome-drug interactions to improve future translation to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Cox JA, Zwart EP, Luijten M, White PA. The development and prevalidation of an in vitro mutagenicity assay based on MutaMouse primary hepatocytes, Part I: Isolation, structural, genetic, and biochemical characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:331-347. [PMID: 30592088 PMCID: PMC6590113 DOI: 10.1002/em.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop an improved in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay, it is imperative to address the known deficiencies associated with existing assays. Primary hepatocytes isolated from the MutaMouse are ideal for an in vitro gene mutation assay due to their metabolic competence, their "normal" karyotype (i.e., neither transformed nor immortalized), and the presence of the MutaMouse transgene for rapid and reliable mutation scoring. The cells were extensively characterized to confirm their utility. Freshly isolated cells were found to have a hepatocyte-like morphology, predominantly consisting of binucleated cells. These cells maintain hepatocyte-specific markers for up to 3 days in culture. Analyses revealed a normal murine hepatocyte karyotype with a modal ploidy number of 4n. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the presence of the lambda shuttle vector on chromosome 3. The doubling time was determined to be 22.5 ± 3.3 h. Gene expression and enzymatic activity of key Phase I and Phase II metabolic enzymes were maintained for at least 8 and 24 h in culture, respectively. Exposure to β-naphthoflavone led to approximately 900- and 9-fold increases in Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 gene expression, respectively, and approximately twofold induction in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/1A2 activity. Exposure to phenobarbital resulted in an approximately twofold increase in CYP 2B6 enzyme activity. Following this characterization, it is evident that MutaMouse primary hepatocytes have considerable promise for in vitro mutagenicity assessment. The performance of these cells in an in vitro gene mutation assay is assessed in Part II. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:331-347, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Cox
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Edwin P. Zwart
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul A. White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
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19
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Deng D, Yang H, Liu C, Zhao K, Li J, Deng A. Ultrasensitive detection of Sudan I in food samples by a quantitative immunochromatographic assay. Food Chem 2018; 277:595-603. [PMID: 30502190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive determination of Sudan I in food samples was reported. Gold-silver core-shell bimetallic nanorods (referred to as Au@Ag NRs) were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate for preparation of the ICA. Polyclonal antibody against Sudan I was immobilized on the surface of the Au@Ag NRs carrying the Raman reporter 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). The Raman scattering intensity on the test line was used for quantitation of Sudan I. The assay was completed in 15 min. IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) were 30 pg mL-1 and 0.2 pg mL-1, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the assay with Sunset Yellow, Lemon Yellow and Brilliant blue FCF, but only 3.53%-9.74% CR with Sudan II, III and IV. The recoveries of Sudan I from spiked food samples were in the range of 88.9-107.6% with relative standard deviation of 3.7-8.7% (n = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandian Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Pharmacy Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Pani A, Thanh TD, Kim NH, Lee JH, Yun SI. Peanut skin extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and gold-silver bionanocomposites for electrochemical Sudan IV sensing. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 10:431-437. [PMID: 27906146 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable methods are needed for rapid and efficient detection of environmental and food pollutants. The Sudan group of dyes has been used extensively as adulterants in food and also are found to be polluting the soil and water bodies. There have been several methods for detection of Sudan dyes, but most of them are not practical enough for common use. In this study, the electrochemical detection efficiency and stability of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), silver NPs and Au-Ag bionanocomposites, synthesised by peanut skin extract, modified glassy carbon electrode has been investigated. The synthesised nanomaterial samples were characterised, for their quality and quantity, using ultra-visible spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. The nanomaterial hybrid electrodes showed great efficiency and stability in the detection of Sudan IV compared with the other previous electrodes. The peak current of the Sudan IV oxidation and reduction was found to be proportional to its concentration, in the range of 10-80 µM, with a detection limit of 4 µM. The hybrid electrodes showed 90% stability in detection for 20 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Pani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Duy Thanh
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hee Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Wang C, Hu L, Zhao K, Deng A, Li J. Multiple signal amplification electrochemiluminescent immunoassay for Sudan I using gold nanorods functionalized graphene oxide and palladium/aurum core-shell nanocrystallines as labels. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Electrochemiluminescence based competitive immunoassay for Sudan I by using gold-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride and Au/Cu alloy nanoflowers. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Gadaleta D, Porta N, Vrontaki E, Manganelli S, Manganaro A, Sello G, Honma M, Benfenati E. Integrating computational methods to predict mutagenicity of aromatic azo compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2017; 35:239-257. [PMID: 29027864 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2017.1391521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes have several industrial uses. However, these azo dyes and their degradation products showed mutagenicity, inducing damage in environmental and human systems. Computational methods are proposed as cheap and rapid alternatives to predict the toxicity of azo dyes. A benchmark dataset of Ames data for 354 azo dyes was employed to develop three classification strategies using knowledge-based methods and docking simulations. Results were compared and integrated with three models from the literature, developing a series of consensus strategies. The good results confirm the usefulness of in silico methods as a support for experimental methods to predict the mutagenicity of azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Gadaleta
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Nicola Porta
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - Eleni Vrontaki
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
- b Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Serena Manganelli
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | | | - Guido Sello
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Masamitsu Honma
- e Division of Genetics & Mutagenesis National Institute of Health Sciences , Setagaya-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
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Lee M, Nam KT, Kim J, Lim SE, Yeon SH, Lee B, Lee JY, Lim KM. Evaluation of ocular irritancy of coal-tar dyes used in cosmetics employing reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium and short time exposure tests. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:236-243. [PMID: 28780157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Coal-tar dyes in cosmetics may elicit adverse effects in the skin and eyes. Countries, like the US, have banned the use of coal-tar dyes in cosmetics for the eye area due to the potential for ocular irritation. We evaluated the eye irritation potential of 15 coal-tar dyes permitted as cosmetic ingredients in reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCEs [EpiOcular™ and MCTT HCE™]) tests and the short time exposure (STE) test. Eosin YS, phloxine B, tetrachlorotetrabromofluorescein, and tetrabromofluorescein were identified as irritants in RhCEs; dibromofluorescein and uranine yielded discrepant results. STE enabled further classification in accordance with the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, as follows: eosin YS as Cat 2; phloxine B, Cat 1; and tetrachlorotetrabromofluorescein and tetrabromofluorescein, Cat 1/2. STE indicated dibromofluorescein (irritant in EpiOcular™) and uranine (irritant in MCTT HCE™) as No Cat, resulting in the classification of "No prediction can be made." based on bottom-up approach with each model. These results demonstrated that in vitro eye irritation tests can be utilized to evaluate the potential ocular irritancy of cosmetic ingredients and provide significant evidence with which to determine whether precautions should be given for the use of coal-tar dyes in cosmetics or other substances applied to the eye area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea
| | - Song E Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Yeon
- BK21 Plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21 Plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 37060, Republic of Korea.
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Peng D, Zhang L, Zhai C, Wang Y, Chen D, Tao Y, Pan Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Development and Validation of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Indirect Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Sudan I in Duck Eggs and Crystal Violet in Carp. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xiao D, Wang H, Han D. Single and combined genotoxicity effects of six pollutants on THP-1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ito T, Adachi Y, Yamanashi Y, Shimada Y. Long-term natural remediation process in textile dye-polluted river sediment driven by bacterial community changes. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:458-465. [PMID: 27232990 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The textile and dyeing industries are major sources of environmental water pollution all over the world. The textile wastewater effluents discharged into rivers often appear dark red-purple in color due to azo dyes, which can be transformed into carcinogenic aromatic amines. The chemicals used in dyeing are not readily degraded in nature and thus precipitate in river sediment. However, little is known about how dyeing chemicals affect river sediment and river water or how long they persist because they are difficult to monitor. To assess undetectable dyes and byproducts in river sediments, we evaluated the potential of river sediment bacteria to degrade dyes and aromatic amines. We describe the natural remediation of river sediment long-contaminated by textile dyeing effluent. After cessation of wastewater discharge, the dye-degradation potential decreased, and the aromatic amine-degradation potential increased initially and then declined over time. The changes in degradation potential were consistent with changes in the sediment bacterial community. The transition occurred on the order of years. Our data strongly suggest that dyes remained in the river sediment and that aromatic amines were produced even in transparent- and no longer colored-river water, but these chemicals were degraded by the changing sediment bacteria. Time-course monitoring of the degradation activities of key bacteria thus enables assessment of the fate of dye pollutants in river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ito
- Division of Civil & Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Division of Civil & Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yu Yamanashi
- Division of Civil & Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimada
- Division of Civil & Environmental Engineering Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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NGUYEN THAO, SALEH MAHMOUDA. Detection of azo dyes and aromatic amines in women undergarment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:744-53. [PMID: 27149414 PMCID: PMC5991632 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1170446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Women are exposed to several chemical additives including azo dyes that exist in textile materials, which are a potential health hazard for consumers. Our objective was to analyze suspected carcinogenic azo dyes and their degradation aromatic amines in women underwear panties using a fast and simple method for quantification. Here, we evaluated 120 different samples of women underwear for their potential release of aromatic amines to the skin. Seventy-four samples yielded low level mixtures of aromatic amines; however eighteen samples were found to produce greater than 200 mg/kg (ppm) of aromatic amines. Azo dyes in these 18 samples were extracted from the fabrics and analyzed by reverse phase thin layer chromatography in tandem with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Eleven azo dyes were identified based on their mass spectral data and the chemical structure of the aromatic amine produced from these samples. We demonstrate that planar chromatography and mass spectrometry can be really helpful in confirming the identity of the azo dyes, offering highly relevant molecular information of the responsible compounds in the fabrics. With the growing concern about the consumer goods, analysis of aromatic amines in garments has become a highly important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MAHMOUD A. SALEH
- Address correspondence to Mahmoud A. Saleh, Department of Chemistry, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, 77004 USA; Tel.: +1-713-313-1912; Fax: +1-713-313-7824.
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Manganelli S, Benfenati E, Manganaro A, Kulkarni S, Barton-Maclaren TS, Honma M. New Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Models Improve Predictability of Ames Mutagenicity for Aromatic Azo Compounds. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:316-26. [PMID: 27413112 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models have limited predictive capabilities for aromatic azo compounds. In this study, 2 new models were built to predict Ames mutagenicity of this class of compounds. The first one made use of descriptors based on simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES), calculated with the CORAL software. The second model was based on the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. The statistical quality of the predictions from single models was satisfactory. The performance further improved when the predictions from these models were combined. The prediction results from other QSAR models for mutagenicity were also evaluated. Most of the existing models were found to be good at finding toxic compounds but resulted in many false positive predictions. The 2 new models specific for this class of compounds avoid this problem thanks to a larger set of related compounds as training set and improved algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Manganelli
- *Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- *Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Alberto Manganaro
- *Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Masamitsu Honma
- Division of Genetics & Mutagenesis National Institute of Health Sciences 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Yoshizawa K, Kissling GE, Johnson JA, Clayton NP, Flagler ND, Nyska A. Chemical-Induced Atrial Thrombosis in NTP Rodent Studies—Supplementary Data. Toxicol Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/725272397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace E. Kissling
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
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Changes in Cosmetics Use during Pregnancy and Risk Perception by Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:383. [PMID: 27043593 PMCID: PMC4847045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic products contain various chemical substances that may be potential carcinogen and endocrine disruptors. Women’s changes in cosmetics use during pregnancy and their risk perception of these products have not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to describe the proportion of pregnant women changing cosmetics use and the proportion of non-pregnant women intending to do so if they became pregnant. The secondary objectives were to compare, among the pregnant women, the proportions of those using cosmetics before and during pregnancy, and to describe among pregnant and non-pregnant women, the risk perception of these products. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a gynaecology clinic and four community pharmacies. One hundred and twenty-eight women (60 non-pregnant and 68 pregnant women) replied to a self-administered questionnaire. Cosmetics use was identified for 28 products. The results showed that few women intended to change or had changed cosmetics use during pregnancy. Nail polish was used by fewer pregnant women compared to the period before pregnancy (p < 0.05). Fifty-five percent of the women considered cosmetics use as a risk during pregnancy and 65% would have appreciated advice about these products. Our findings indicate that all perinatal health professionals should be ready to advise women about the benefits and risks of using cosmetics during pregnancy.
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Amchova P, Kotolova H, Ruda-Kucerova J. Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:914-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bedoui A, Tigini V, Ghedira K, Varese GC, Chekir Ghedira L. Evaluation of an eventual ecotoxicity induced by textile effluents using a battery of biotests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16700-16708. [PMID: 26087930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Textile industry is considered as one of the important factors of the economic growth in Tunisia. However, this prominent role has certainly some drawbacks mainly represented by the huge amounts of textile wastewaters generated that become a real menace to nature. Many previous studies showed the purifying potential of some activated sludge and bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) to decolourize textile effluents. However, in many cases, decolourization of wastewaters is not necessary associated with detoxification, generating a real risk for the ecosystem in general. We evaluated in this work the induced toxicity of a textile effluent before and after its treatment with activated sludge followed by P. putida, using a battery of biotests. This study proved the detoxifying power of the activated sludge according to most of ecotoxicity tests. The treatment with P. putida did not improve the quality of the effluent; on the contrary, it could increase its toxicity. Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata appear to be the most sensitive organisms in assessing eventual toxicity caused by this kind of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bedoui
- Unité de substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Valeria Tigini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Kamel Ghedira
- Unité de substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Leila Chekir Ghedira
- Unité de substances Naturelles Bioactives et Biotechnologie, UR12ES12, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Tafurt-Cardona Y, Suares-Rocha P, Fernandes TCC, Marin-Morales MA. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two hair dyes used in the formulation of black color. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:9-15. [PMID: 26404083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), some hair dyes are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic in in vitro assays and exposed human populations. Epidemiological studies indicate that hairdressers occupationally exposed to hair dyes have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer. In Brazil, 26% of the adults use hair dye. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of two hair dyes, Basic Red 51 (BR51) and Basic Brown 17 (BB17), which are temporary dyes of the azo group (R-N=N-R'), used in the composition of the black hair dye. To this end, MTT and trypan blue assays (cytotoxicity), comet and micronucleus assay (genotoxicity) were applied, with HepG2 cells. For cytotoxic assessment, dyes were tested in serial dilutions, being the highest concentrations those used in the commercial formula for hair dyes. For genotoxic assessment concentrations were selected according to cell viability. Results showed that both dyes induced significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the cells, in concentrations much lower than those used in the commercial formula. Genotoxic effects could be related to the azo structure present in the composition of the dyes, which is known as mutagenic and carcinogenic. These results point to the hazard of the hair dye exposure to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliana Tafurt-Cardona
- UNESP- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Institut of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Suares-Rocha
- UNESP- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Institut of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Casimiro Fernandes
- UNESP- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Institut of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- UNESP- São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Institut of Biosciences, Department of Biology, Rio Claro Campus, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.
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Matsumura S, Ikeda N, Hamada S, Ohyama W, Wako Y, Kawasako K, Kasamatsu T, Nishiyama N. Repeated-dose liver and gastrointestinal tract micronucleus assays with CI Solvent Yellow 14 (Sudan I) using young adult rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 780-781:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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He X, Chen Y, Li H, Zou T, Huang M, Li H, Xia E. Analysis of Sudan I in Food by QuEChERS Combined with Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction with Solidification of Floating Organic Drop (UADLLME-SFO) Prior to HPLC-PAD. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiran He
- Institute for Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical college of Fudan University
| | - Yonghong Chen
- Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center
| | - Huawen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
| | - Huabin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Enqin Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University
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Keck-Wilhelm A, Kratz E, Mildau G, Ilse M, Schlee C, Lachenmeier DW. Chemical analysis and risk assessment of prohibited colouring agents in face paint with special regard to CI 15585 (D&C Red No. 9, Pigment Red 53:1). Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:187-95. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Keck-Wilhelm
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - E. Kratz
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - G. Mildau
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - M. Ilse
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - C. Schlee
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - D. W. Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe; Weissenburger Strasse 3 76187 Karlsruhe Germany
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Simunovic C, Shinohara MM. Complications of decorative tattoos: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2014; 15:525-36. [PMID: 25385257 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-014-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tattooing is an ancient practice that enjoys continued popularity. Although a modern, professionally performed tattoo is generally safe, complications can occur. A skin biopsy of all tattoo reactions is recommended as some tattoo reactions have systemic implications. Tattoo-related infections are seen days to decades after tattooing, and range from acute pyogenic infections to cutaneous tuberculosis. In particular, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections happen in tattoos with increasing frequency and are introduced at the time of tattooing through contaminated ink or water used to dilute inks. Despite a transition in tattoo pigments from metal salts to industrial azo dyes, hypersensitivity reactions also persist, and include eczematous, granulomatous, lichenoid, and pseudoepitheliomatous patterns (among others). Granulomatous tattoo reactions can be a clue to cutaneous or systemic sarcoidosis, particularly in the setting of interferon use. Pseudoepitheliomatous tattoo reactions have substantial overlap with squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma, making diagnosis and management difficult. Other malignancies and their benign mimics can occur in tattoos, raising questions about the safety of tattoo ink and its role in carcinogenesis.
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Chicu SA, Munteanu M, Cîtu I, Soica C, Dehelean C, Trandafirescu C, Funar-Timofei S, Ionescu D, Simu GM. The Hydractinia echinata test-system. III: Structure-toxicity relationship study of some azo-, azo-anilide, and diazonium salt derivatives. Molecules 2014; 19:9798-817. [PMID: 25006787 PMCID: PMC6270994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-toxicity relationships for a series of 75 azo and azo-anilide dyes and five diazonium salts were developed using Hydractinia echinata (H. echinata) as model species. In addition, based on these relationships, predictions for 58 other azo-dyes were made. The experimental results showed that the measured effectiveness Mlog(1/MRC50) does not depend on the number of azo groups or the ones corresponding to metobolites, but it is influenced by the number of anilide groups, as well as by the substituents’ positions within molecules. The conformational analysis pointed out the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, especially the simple tautomerization of quinoidic (STOH) or aminoidic (STNH2) type. The effectiveness is strongly influenced by the “push-pull” electronic effect, specific to two hydroxy or amino groups separated by an azo moiety (double alternate tautomery, (DAT), to the –COOH or –SO3H groups which are located in ortho or para position with respect to the azo group. The levels of the lipophylic/hydrophilic, electronic and steric equilibriums, pointed out by the Mlog(1/MRC50) values, enabled the calculation of their average values Clog(1/MRC50) (“Köln model”), characteristic to one derivative class (class isotoxicity). The azo group reduction and the hydrolysis of the amido/peptidic group are two concurrent enzymatic reactions, which occur with different reaction rates and mechanisms. The products of the partial biodegradation are aromatic amines. No additive or synergic effects are noticed among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Adrian Chicu
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of the Romanian Academy, B-dul Mihai Viteazul 24, RO-300223 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Melania Munteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Sanitary Chemistry, "Vasile Goldis" University, 1 Feleacului Str., Arad 310396, Romania.
| | - Ioana Cîtu
- Faculty of Medicine, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Simona Funar-Timofei
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of the Romanian Academy, B-dul Mihai Viteazul 24, RO-300223 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Daniela Ionescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Georgeta Maria Simu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "V. Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
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Eren T, Kose M, Sayin K, McKee V, Kurtoglu M. A novel azo-aldehyde and its Ni(II) chelate; synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and computational studies of 2-hydroxy-5-{(E)-[4-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]diazenyl}benzaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Priyaragini S, Veena S, Swetha D, Karthik L, Kumar G, Bhaskara Rao KV. Evaluating the effectiveness of marine actinobacterial extract and its mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the degradation of azo dyes. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:775-782. [PMID: 25079407 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) from marine actinobacteria and to develop an eco-friendly azo-dye degradation method. A total of five actinobacterial isolates were isolated from Chennai marine sediments, Tamilnadu, India and analyzed for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hydroxide. Among these, the isolate PSV 3 showed positive results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed by UV analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized TiO2 NPs was done using XRD, AFM and FT-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crude extract and synthesized TiO2 NPs was found efficient in degrading azo dye such as Acid Red 79 (AR-79) and Acid Red 80 (AR-80). Degradation percentage was found to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crude extract and 84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized actinobacterial cells showed 88% for AR-79 and 81% for AR-80, dye degrading capacity. Degraded components were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated dye showed remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular damage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparatively no such damage was observed on plants by degraded dye components. In biotoxicity assay, treated dyes showed less toxic effect as compared to the untreated dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priyaragini
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Veena
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Swetha
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Karthik
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Kumar
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K V Bhaskara Rao
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Xu J, Fan Z, Huang X, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Shen P. Investigation of the effect of hapten heterology in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Sudan I. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.864602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Arun Prasad AS, Satyanarayana VSV, Bhaskara Rao KV. Biotransformation of Direct Blue 1 by a moderately halophilic bacterium Marinobacter sp. strain HBRA and toxicity assessment of degraded metabolites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 262:674-684. [PMID: 24121630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of halophiles to survive in the extreme salt concentrations has gained them the importance of being used in the treatment of industrial waste waters. A moderately halophilic bacterial strain with the ability to degrade the complex azo dye Direct Blue-1 (DB-1) was isolated from sea water and identified as Marinobacter sp. strain HBRA. Complete decolorization of DB-1 (100 mg L(-1)) was achieved in 6h at 37 °C, pH 8 and with 70 g L(-1) NaCl. Decolorization was analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that Marinobacter sp. strain HBRA specifically targeted azo bond (NN) at 1631 cm(-1) to break down Direct Blue-1. Formation of metabolites at different retention times in HPLC indicated degradation. Biotransformation pathway for DB-1 was proposed based on LC-MS. Phytotoxicity study revealed the less toxic nature of the metabolites compared to the dye. Genotoxicity with Allium cepa confirmed the cytotoxic nature of DB-1 by inducing several chromosomal abnormalities compared to the negligible effects of degraded metabolites. The current study is the first report on the detoxification of DB-1 by Marinobacter sp. strain HBRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Arun Prasad
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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The non-enzymatic reduction of azo dyes by flavin and nicotinamide cofactors under varying conditions. Anaerobe 2013; 23:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Byberg R, Cobb J, Martin LD, Thompson RW, Camesano TA, Zahraa O, Pons MN. Comparison of photocatalytic degradation of dyes in relation to their structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3570-81. [PMID: 23423868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of a series of six acid dyes (Direct Red 80, Direct Red 81, Direct Red 23, Direct Violet 51, Direct Yellow 27, and Direct Yellow 50) has been tested compared in terms of color removal, mineralization, and toxicity (Lactuca sativa L. test) after photocatalysis on immobilized titanium dioxide. The dyes were examined at their natural pH and after hydrolysis at pH 12. Results show that hydrolysis decreases strongly the efficiency of color removal, that full mineralization takes much longer reaction time than color removal, and that toxicity is only very partially reduced. Some structural parameters, related to the structure and the topology of the dye molecules, could be correlated with the apparent color removal rates at natural pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Byberg
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés-CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001, Nancy cedex, France
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Huang ST, Yang LF, Li NB, Luo HQ. An ultrasensitive and selective fluorescence assay for Sudan I and III against the influence of Sudan II andIV. Biosens Bioelectron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Stiborová M, Dračínská H, Martínek V, Svášková D, Hodek P, Milichovský J, Hejduková Ž, Brotánek J, Schmeiser HH, Frei E. Induced expression of cytochrome P450 1A and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase determined at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels in rats exposed to the carcinogenic azo dye 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I). Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:290-9. [PMID: 23289503 DOI: 10.1021/tx3004533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sudan I (1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthol) is a suspected human carcinogen causing tumors in the livers and urinary bladders of rats, mice, and rabbits. Here, we investigated for the first time the influence of Sudan I exposure on the expression of several biotransformation enzymes in the livers, kidneys, and lungs of rats concomitantly at the mRNA and protein levels and assayed their enzymatic activities. We also studied its effect on the formation of Sudan I-derived DNA adducts in vitro. Sudan I increased the total amounts of cytochrome P450 (P450) in all organs tested. Western blots using antibodies raised against various P450s, NADPH:P450 reductase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) showed that the expression of P450 1A1 and NQO1 was induced in the liver, kidney, and lung of rats treated with Sudan I. The higher protein levels correlated with increased enzyme activities of P450 1A1/2 and NQO1. Furthermore, 9.9-, 5.9-, and 2.8-fold increases in the formation of Sudan I oxidative metabolites catalyzed by microsomes isolated from the liver, kidney, and lung, respectively, of rats treated with Sudan I were found. The relative amounts of P450 1A and NQO1 mRNA, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, demonstrated that Sudan I induced the expression of P450 1A1 and NQO1 mRNA in the liver, kidney, and lung, and of P450 1A2 mRNA in kidney and lung. Finally, microsomes isolated from livers, kidneys, and lungs of Sudan I exposed rats more effectively catalyzed the formation of Sudan I-DNA adducts than microsomes from organs of control rats. This was attributable to the higher P450 1A1 expression. Because P450 1A1 is playing a major role in the bioactivation of Sudan I in rat and human systems, its induction by Sudan I may have a profound effect on cancer risk by this azo dye. In addition, the induction of P450 1A1/2 and NQO1 enzymes can influence individual human susceptibility to other environmental carcinogens and have an effect on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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The microbial degradation of azo dyes: minireview. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:389-99. [PMID: 23108664 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The removal of dyes in wastewater treatment plants still involves physical or chemical processes. Yet numerous studies currently exist on degradation based on the use of microbes-which is a well-studied field. However progress in the use of biological methods to deal with this environmentally noxious waste is currently lacking. This review focuses on the largest dye class, that is azo dyes and their biodegradation. We summarize the bacteria identified thus far which have been implicated in dye decolorization and discuss the enzymes involved and mechanisms by which these colorants are broken down.
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Aerobic biodegradation of Azo dye by Bacillus cohnii MTCC 3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different bioassay systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:7469-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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