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Qin XY, Zhu R, Hou XD, Zhu GH, Zhang M, Fan YF, Qi SL, Huang J, Tang H, Wang P, Ge GB. Discovery of baicalein derivatives as novel inhibitors against human pancreatic lipase: Structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133523. [PMID: 38945336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Human pancreatic lipase (hPL) is a vital digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down dietary fats in humans, inhibiting hPL is a feasible strategy for preventing and treating obesity. This study aims to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of flavonoids as hPL inhibitors, and to find potent hPL inhibitors from natural and synthetic flavonoids. In this work, the anti-hPL effects of forty-nine structurally diverse naturally occurring flavonoids were assessed and the SARs were summarized. The results demonstrated that the pyrogallol group on the A ring was a key moiety for hPL inhibition. Subsequently, a series of baicalein derivatives were synthesized, while 4'-amino baicalein (ABA) and 4'-pyrrolidine baicalein (PBA) were identified as novel potent hPL inhibitors (IC50 < 1 μM). Further investigations showed that scutellarein, ABA and PBA potently inhibited hPL in a non-competitive manner (Ki < 1 μM). Among all tested flavonoids, PBA showed the most potent anti-hPL effect in vitro, while this agent also exhibited favorable safety profiles, unique tissue distribution (high exposure level to intestinal system but low exposure levels to deep organs) and impressive in vivo effects for lowering blood triglyceride levels in mice. Collectively, this work uncovers the SARs of flavonoids against hPL, while a newly synthetic flavonoid (PBA) emerges as a potent hPL inhibitor with favorable safety profiles and impressive anti-hPL effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Qi
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Bacha AB, Alonazi M. Effective Soybean Oil Degumming by Immobilized Phospholipases A 2 from Walterinnesia aegyptia Venom. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21322-21332. [PMID: 38764629 PMCID: PMC11097375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic degumming utilizing phospholipase enzymes could be used in ecologically friendly procedures with enhanced oil recovery yields. In this study, two phospholipases A2 of group I and II, WaPLA2-I and WaPLA2-II, from the snake venom of Saudi Walterinnesia aegyptia were evaluated for soybean oil degumming after being immobilized on three different support materials (calcium alginate (CA), CA-gelatin (CAG), and CA-chitosan (CAC), and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde). Higher yields of CAC-immobilized PLA2-I (85 ± 3%) and PLA2-II (87 ± 3.6%) compared to CAG (77.3 ± 2.1 and 79 ± 2.6%, respectively) and CA beads (55.7 ± 2.5% and 57.3 ± 3.1%, respectively) were observed. In addition, the optimal temperature of immobilized WaPLA2-I and WaPLA2-II increased from 45 to 55 °C and from 55 to 65 °C, respectively. Their stability at high temperatures was also significantly enhanced covering a larger range (70-80 °C). Likewise, the pH/activity profile of WaPLA2 was greatly expanded upon immobilization with the pH-optima being shifted by 0.5 to 1 pH unit to the basic side. Similarly, the stability of WaPLA2s in the presence of organic solvents was also significantly improved, while the affinity for calcium and bile salt was the same for both free and immobilized enzymes. Interestingly, the remaining activity of immobilized WaPLA2 onto different supports was more than 50 or 60% after eight recycles or 120 days of storage at 4 °C, respectively. CAC-WaPLA2-II was the best immobilized enzyme complex for the oil degumming process by reducing its final residual phosphorus content from 168 mg/kg to less than 10 mg/kg in only 4 h. Overall, CAC-WaPLA2-II showed the most attractive profiles of temperature, pH, and reaction duration as well as significant storage stability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department,
Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department,
Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Dab A, Hasnaoui I, Mechri S, Allala F, Bouacem K, Noiriel A, Bouanane-Darenfed A, Saalaoui E, Asehraou A, Wang F, Abousalham A, Jaouadi B. Biochemical characterization of an alkaline and detergent-stable Lipase from Fusarium annulatum Bugnicourt strain CBS associated with olive tree dieback. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286091. [PMID: 37205651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel extracellular lipolytic carboxylester hydrolase named FAL, with lipase and phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity, from a newly isolated filamentous fungus Ascomycota CBS strain, identified as Fusarium annulatum Bunigcourt. FAL was purified to about 62-fold using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Superdex® 200 Increase gel filtration and Q-Sepharose Fast Flow columns, with a total yield of 21%. The specific activity of FAL was found to be 3500 U/mg at pH 9 and 40°C and 5000 U/mg at pH 11 and 45°C, on emulsions of triocanoin and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, respectively. SDS-PAGE and zymography analysis estimated the molecular weight of FAL to be 33 kDa. FAL was shown to be a PLA1 with a regioselectivity to the sn-1 position of surface-coated phospholipids esterified with α-eleostearic acid. FAL is a serine enzyme since its activity on triglycerides and phospholipids was completely inhibited by the lipase inhibitor Orlistat (40 μM). Interestingly, compared to Fusarium graminearum lipase (GZEL) and the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipolase®), this novel fungal (phospho)lipase showed extreme tolerance to the presence of non-polar organic solvents, non-ionic and anionic surfactants, and oxidants, in addition to significant compatibility and stability with some available laundry detergents. The analysis of washing performance showed that it has the capability to efficiently eliminate oil-stains. Overall, FAL could be an ideal choice for application in detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Dab
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Hasnaoui
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté des Sciences d'Oujda (FSO), Laboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fawzi Allala
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LCMB), Equipe de Microbiologie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LCMB), Equipe de Microbiologie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LCMB), Equipe de Microbiologie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Faculté des Sciences d'Oujda (FSO), Laboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Asehraou
- Faculté des Sciences d'Oujda (FSO), Laboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fanghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (SFSE), South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246 CNRS, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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4
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Hou XD, Qin XY, Hou J, Tang H, Ge GB. The potential of natural sources for pancreatic lipase inhibitors: a solution of the obesity crisis? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1295-1298. [PMID: 36508256 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2156499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Proteomic and toxicological characterization of the venoms of the most enigmatic group of rattlesnakes: The long-tailed rattlesnakes. Biochimie 2022; 202:226-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alonazi M, Karray A, Jallouli R, Ben Bacha A. Biochemical, Kinetic and Biological Properties of Group V Phospholipase A2 from Dromedary. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113437. [PMID: 35684381 PMCID: PMC9182273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretory group V phospholipase A2 (PLA2-V) is known to be involved in inflammatory processes in cellular studies, nevertheless, the biochemical and the enzymatic characteristics of this important enzyme have been unclear yet. We reported, as a first step towards understanding the biochemical properties, catalytic characteristics, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of this PLA2, the production of PLA2-V from dromedary. The obtained DrPLA2-V has an absolute requirement for Ca2+ and NaTDC for enzymatic activity with an optimum pH of 9 and temperature of 45 °C with phosphatidylethanolamine as a substrate. Kinetic parameters showed that Kcat/Kmapp is 2.6 ± 0.02 mM−1 s−1. The enzyme was found to display potent Gram-positive bactericidal activity (with IC50 values of about 5 µg/mL) and antifungal activity (with IC50 values of about 25 µg/mL)in vitro. However, the purified enzyme did not display a cytotoxic effect against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, Université de Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Raida Jallouli
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-784-639
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7
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Ma LJ, Hou XD, Qin XY, He RJ, Yu HN, Hu Q, Guan XQ, Jia SN, Hou J, Lei T, Ge GB. Discovery of human pancreatic lipase inhibitors from root of Rhodiola Crenulata via integrating bioactivity-guided fractionation, chemical profiling and biochemical assay. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:683-691. [PMID: 36105167 PMCID: PMC9463489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although herbal medicines (HMs) are widely used in the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, the key constituents exhibiting anti-obesity activity and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, we assessed the inhibitory potentials of several HMs against human pancreatic lipase (hPL, a key therapeutic target for human obesity), among which the root-extract of Rhodiola crenulata (ERC) showed the most potent anti-hPL activity. In this study, we adopted an integrated strategy, involving bioactivity-guided fractionation techniques, chemical profiling, and biochemical assays, to identify the key anti-hPL constituents in ERC. Nine ERC fractions (retention time = 12.5–35 min), obtained using reverse-phase liquid chromatography, showed strong anti-hPL activity, while the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were subsequently identified using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Among the identified ERC constituents, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (PGG) and catechin gallate (CG) showed the most potent anti-hPL activity, with pIC50 values of 7.59 ± 0.03 and 7.68 ± 0.23, respectively. Further investigations revealed that PGG and CG potently inhibited hPL in a non-competitive manner, with inhibition constant (Ki) values of 0.012 and 0.082 μM, respectively. Collectively, our integrative analyses enabled us to efficiently identify and characterize the key anti-obesity constituents in ERC, as well as to elucidate their anti-hPL mechanisms. These findings provide convincing evidence in support of the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering properties of ERC. The root-extract of Rhodiola crenulata (ERC) potently inhibits hPL. The hPL inhibitors in ERC were characterized using an integrated panel of assays. Six constituents in ERC were identified as hPL inhibitors. PGG and CG are potent non-competitive hPL inhibitors (Ki < 0.1 μM). The binding modes of PGG and CG were examined based on docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Qin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong-Jing He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, 810099, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Qin XY, Hou XD, Zhu GH, Xiong Y, Song YQ, Zhu L, Zhao DF, Jia SN, Hou J, Tang H, Ge GB. Discovery and Characterization of the Naturally Occurring Inhibitors Against Human Pancreatic Lipase in Ampelopsis grossedentata. Front Nutr 2022; 9:844195. [PMID: 35284458 PMCID: PMC8914261 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.844195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitor therapy has been validated as an efficacious way for preventing and treating obesity and overweight. In the past few decades, porcine PL (pPL) is widely used as the enzyme source for screening the PL inhibitors, which generates a wide range of pPL inhibitors. By contrast, the efficacious inhibitors against human PL (hPL) are rarely reported. This study aims to discover the naturally occurring hPL inhibitors from edible herbal medicines (HMs) and to characterize the inhibitory mechanisms of the newly identified hPL inhibitors. Following the screening of the inhibition potentials of more than 100 HMs against hPL, Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) displayed the most potent hPL inhibition activity. After that, the major constituents in AGE were identified and purified, while their anti-hPL effects were assayed in vitro. The results clearly showed that two abundant constituents in AGE (dihydromyricetin and iso-dihydromyricetin) were moderate hPL inhibitors, while myricetin and quercetin were strong hPL inhibitors [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were around 1.5 μM]. Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that myricetin and quercetin potently inhibited hPL-catalyzed near-infrared fluorogenic substrate of human pancreatic lipase (DDAO-ol) hydrolysis in a non-competitive inhibition manner, with Ki values of 2.04 and 2.33 μM, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that myricetin and quercetin could stably bind on an allosteric site of hPL. Collectively, this study reveals the key anti-obesity constituents in AGE and elucidates their inhibitory mechanisms against hPL, which offers convincing evidence to support the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of this edible herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Qing Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Ning Jia
- Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Jie Hou
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- Hui Tang
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang-Bo Ge
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9
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Colis-Torres A, Neri-Castro E, Strickland JL, Olvera-Rodríguez A, Borja M, Calvete J, Jones J, Parkinson CL, Bañuelos J, López de León J, Alagón A. Intraspecific venom variation of Mexican West Coast Rattlesnakes (Crotalus basiliscus) and its implications for antivenom production. Biochimie 2021; 192:111-124. [PMID: 34656669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in snake venoms has been widely documented worldwide. However, there are few studies on this subject in Mexico. Venom characterization studies provide important data used to predict clinical syndromes, to evaluate the efficacy of antivenoms and, in some cases, to improve immunogenic mixtures in the production of antivenoms. In the present work, we evaluated the intraspecific venom variation of Crotalus basiliscus, a rattlesnake of medical importance and whose venom is used in the immunization of horses to produce one of the Mexican antivenoms. Our results demonstrate that there is variation in biological and biochemical activities among adult venoms and that there is an ontogenetic change from juvenile to adult venoms. Juvenile venoms were more lethal and had higher percentages of crotamine and crotoxin, while adult venoms had higher percentages of snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs). Additionally, we documented crotoxin-like PLA2 variation in which specimens from Zacatecas, Sinaloa and Michoacán (except 1) lacked the neurotoxin, while the rest of the venoms had it. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of three lots of Birmex antivenom and all three were able to neutralize the lethality of four representative venoms but were not able to neutralize crotamine. We also observed significant differences in the LD50 values neutralized per vial among the different lots. Based on these results, we recommend including venoms containing crotamine in the production of antivenom for a better immunogenic mixture and to improve the homogeneity of lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colis-Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edgar Neri-Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jason L Strickland
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, 5871 USA Dr. N, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Alejandro Olvera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Miguel Borja
- Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n. Fracc. Filadelfia, C.P. 35010, Gómez Palacio, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Juan Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jason Jones
- Herp.mx A.C, Villa del Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Christopher L Parkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Forestry, and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 190 Collings St. Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Herp.mx A.C, Villa del Álvarez, Colima, Mexico; Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Edificio de Biología Campus II Ave. Preparatoria S/N, Col. Agronómica, 98066, ZacatecasZacatecas, Mexico
| | - Jorge López de León
- Hospital General Norberto Treviño Zapata, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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10
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A New Group II Phospholipase A2 from Walterinnesia aegyptia Venom with Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Potential. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many venomous species, especially snakes, contain a variety of secreted phospholipases A2 that contribute to venom toxicity and prey digestion. We characterized a novel highly toxic phospholipase A2 of group II, WaPLA2-II, from the snake venom of Saudi Walterinnesia aegyptia (W. aegyptia). The enzyme was purified using a reverse phase C18 column. It is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of approximately 14 kDa and an NH2-terminal amino acid sequence exhibiting similarity to the PLA2 group II enzymes. WaPLA2-II, which contains 2.5% (w/w) glycosylation, reached a maximal specific activity of 1250 U/mg at pH 9.5 and 55 °C in the presence of Ca2+ and bile salts. WaPLA2-II was also highly stable over a large pH and temperature range. A strong correlation between antimicrobial and indirect hemolytic activities of WaPLA2 was observed. Additionally, WaPLA2-II was found to be significantly cytotoxic only on cancerous cells. However, chemical modification with para-Bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB) inhibited WaPLA2-II enzymatic activity without affecting its antitumor effect, suggesting the presence of a separate ‘pharmacological site’ in snake venom phospholipase A2 via its receptor binding affinity. This enzyme is a candidate for applications including the treatment of phospholipid-rich industrial effluents and for the food production industry. Furthermore, it may represent a new therapeutic lead molecule for treating cancer and microbial infections.
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11
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Martínez-Pérez RB, Rodríguez JA, Leyva Soto LA, Gortáres-Moroyoqui P, Diaz-Tenorio LM. Cannonball jellyfish digestion: an insight into the lipolytic enzymes of the digestive system. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9794. [PMID: 33194347 PMCID: PMC7485504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestive system and metabolism of the cannonball jellyfish Stomolophus sp. 2 are not well-known. The digestion study was critical to explain its ecology and bloom success. Different enzymes are involved in food digestion, which hydrolyze carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This study detected lipolytic activity in enzymatic extracts from gastric pouches of Stomolophus sp. 2 collected in the summer of 2013 at Bahía de Kino, Sonora, México (28°47′47″N 111°57′25″W). Lipase/esterase activity showed optimal pH at 11.0 and 50–60 °C with a half-life (t1/2) of 33 min at 55 °C, whereas halotolerance of this activity was recorded from 0-4 M NaCl. Metal ions Ca2+ and Mn2+ did not affect the activity, but Mg2+ decreased it 14.2% ± 3.15, while chelating agents as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduced the activity 8.55% ± 2.13. Inhibition of lipase/esterase activity with tetrahydrolipstatin and paraoxon-ethyl decreased the activity 18.2% ± 2.3, and 62.80% ± 0.74, respectively, whereas phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (a protease inhibitor) did not affect it. The enzyme displayed a higher specificity for short-chain triglycerides, but triolein, coconut oil, olive oil, and fish oil were hydrolyzed. For the first time, phospholipase activity from the gastric pouch of Stomolophus sp. 2 was detected using L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine from chicken egg yolk as a substrate. These results suggest that Stomolophus sp. 2 hydrolyze several kinds of lipids, and lipolytic enzymes are active at alkaline pH under different saline conditions, which may be essential to digest different preys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul B. Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Leyva Soto
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
- Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gortáres-Moroyoqui
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Lourdes M. Diaz-Tenorio
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
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12
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Smichi N, Othman H, Zarai Z, Fendri A, Abousalham A. -Identification of a novel intestinal phospholipase A2 from annular seabream: Insights into its catalytic mechanism and its role in biological processes. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Ben Bacha A, Alonazi MA, Elshikh MS, Karray A. A novel bactericidal homodimeric PLA 2 group-I from Walterinnesia aegyptia venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1140-1146. [PMID: 29885399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-toxic phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity in a single chromatography step from the venom of Walterinnesia aegyptia, a monotypic elapid snake caught in Saudi Arabia, and its antimicrobial and hemolytic properties were evaluated as well. This enzyme, namely WaPLA2, is a homodimer with an estimated molecular mass of 30 kDa, and its NH2-terminal sequence exhibits a significant degree of similarity with PLA2 group-I. At optimal pH (8.5) and temperature (45 °C), the purified PLA2 exhibited a specific activity of 2100 U/mg, and it requires bile salts and Ca2+ for its activity. However, other cations such as Cd2+ and Hg2+ diminished the enzyme activity remarkably, thereby suggesting that the catalytic site arrangement has an exclusive structure for Ca2+ binding. Furthermore, WaPLA2 maintained almost 100% and 60% of its full activity in a pH range of 6.0-10 after 24 h incubation or after 60 min treatment at 70 °C, respectively. In the biological activity assays, WaPLA2 displayed potent indirectly hemolytic and antimicrobial activities that were strongly correlated. These promising findings encourage further in-depth research to understand the molecular mechanism of WaPLA2's antimicrobial properties for its possible use as a potential therapeutic lead molecule for treating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
| | - Mona Awad Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Solman Elshikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra 3038, BP 1173, Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Smichi N, Achouri N, Noiriel A, Arondel V, Abousalham A, Gargouri Y, Miled N, Fendri A. Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of Sparidae Fish Digestive Phospholipase A 2. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1835:179-189. [PMID: 30109652 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8672-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have produced for the first time a fish phospholipase (PLA2) in heterologous system (E. coli). The Diplodus annularis PLA2 (DaPLA2) was then refolded from inclusion bodies and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. We used the pH-stat method (with emulsified phosphatidylcholine as substrate) and the monomolecular film technique (using various glycerophospholipids substrates spread in the form of monomolecular films at the air-water interface) to access the biochemical and kinetic properties of the recombinant DaPLA2. The DaPLA2 was found to be active and stable at higher temperatures (37-50 °C) than expected. Interestingly, DaPLA2 hydrolyzes efficiently both purified phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine at 20 mN/m. These analytical results corroborate with the fact that the catalytic activity of DaPLA2, measured with the pH-stat using egg yolk as substrate, is mainly due to the hydrolysis of the PE fraction present in egg yolk, whereas the phosphatidylglycerol is a hallmark substrate for the most secreted PLA2-IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Smichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Neila Achouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Arondel
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, UMR 5200, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Miled
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Sutto-Ortiz P, Camacho-Ruiz MDLA, Kirchmayr MR, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mateos-Díaz JC, Noiriel A, Carrière F, Abousalham A, Rodríguez JA. Screening of phospholipase A activity and its production by new actinomycete strains cultivated by solid-state fermentation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3524. [PMID: 28695068 PMCID: PMC5501967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microbial phospholipases A (PLAs) can be found in actinomycetes which have been poorly explored as producers of this activity. To investigate microbial PLA production, efficient methods are necessary such as high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for direct search of PLAs in microbial cultures and cultivation conditions to promote this activity. About 200 strains isolated with selected media for actinomycetes and mostly belonging to Streptomyces (73%) and Micromonospora (10%) genus were first screened on agar-plates containing the fluorophore rhodamine 6G and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) to detect strains producing phospholipase activity. Then, a colorimetric HTS assay for general PLA activity detection (cHTS-PLA) using enriched PC (≈60%) as substrate and cresol red as indicator was developed and applied; this cHTS-PLA assay was validated with known PLAs. For the first time, actinomycete strains were cultivated by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using PC as inductor and sugar-cane bagasse as support to produce high PLA activity (from 207 to 2,591 mU/g of support). Phospholipase activity of the enzymatic extracts from SSF was determined using the implemented cHTS-PLA assay and the PC hydrolysis products obtained, were analyzed by TLC showing the presence of lyso-PC. Three actinomycete strains of the Streptomyces genus that stood out for high accumulation of lyso-PC, were selected and analyzed with the specific substrate 1,2-α-eleostearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (EEPC) in order to confirm the presence of PLA activity in their enzymatic extracts. Overall, the results obtained pave the way toward the HTS of PLA activity in crude microbial enzymatic extracts at a larger scale. The cHTS-PLA assay developed here can be also proposed as a routine assay for PLA activity determination during enzyme purification,directed evolution or mutagenesis approaches. In addition, the production of PLA activity by actinomycetes using SSF allow find and produce novel PLAs with potential applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sutto-Ortiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7282, Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - María de Los Angeles Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.,Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Manuel R Kirchmayr
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7282, Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2), Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jorge A Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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16
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Smichi N, Othman H, Achouri N, Noiriel A, Arondel V, Srairi-Abid N, Abousalham A, Gargouri Y, Miled N, Fendri A. Functional and Structural Characterization of a Thermostable Phospholipase A 2 from a Sparidae Fish (Diplodus annularis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2468-2480. [PMID: 28287729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel phospholipase (PLA2) genes from the Sparidae family were cloned. The sequenced PLA2 revealed an identity with pancreatic PLA2 group IB. To better understand the structure/function relationships of these enzymes and their evolution, the Diplodus annularis PLA2 (DaPLA2) was overexpressed in E. coli. The refolded enzyme was purified by Ni-affinity chromatography and has a molecular mass of 15 kDa as determined by MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Interestingly, unlike the pancreatic type, the DaPLA2 was active and stable at higher temperatures, which suggests its great potential in biotechnological applications. The 3D structure of DaPLA2 was constructed to gain insights into the functional properties of sparidae PLA2. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed to explain the higher thermal stability and the substrate specificity of DaPLA2. Using the monolayer technique, the purified DaPLA2 was found to be active on various phospholipids ranging from 10 to 20 mN·m-1, which explained the absence of the hemolytic activity for DaPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Smichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS , 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, UMR7282, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université , 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Université Tunis-El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Neila Achouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS , 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2 , F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Vincent Arondel
- Univ Bordeaux, UMR 5200, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire , Bat. A3 Campus INRA de Bordeaux 71 avenue E., Bourlaux CS 2003233140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Université Tunis-El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM2 , F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS , 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Miled
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS , 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS , 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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El Alaoui M, Soulère L, Noiriel A, Popowycz F, Khatib A, Queneau Y, Abousalham A. A continuous spectrophotometric assay that distinguishes between phospholipase A1 and A2 activities. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1589-97. [PMID: 27194811 PMCID: PMC4959851 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d065961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric assay was developed to measure, continuously and specifically, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) or phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities using synthetic glycerophosphatidylcholines (PCs) containing α-eleostearic acid, either at the sn-1 position [1-α-eleostearoyl-2-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (EOPC)] or at the sn-2 position [1-octadecyl-2-α-eleostearoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OEPC)]. The substrates were coated onto the wells of microtiter plates. A nonhydrolyzable ether bond, with a non-UV-absorbing alkyl chain, was introduced at the other sn position to prevent acyl chain migration during lipolysis. Upon enzyme action, α-eleostearic acid is liberated and then solubilized into the micellar phase. The PLA1 or PLA2 activity was measured by the increase in absorbance at 272 nm due to the transition of α-eleostearic acid from the adsorbed to the soluble state. EOPC and OEPC differentiate, with excellent accuracy, between PLA1 and PLA2 activity. Lecitase(®), guinea pig pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (known to be a PLA1 enzyme), bee venom PLA2, and porcine pancreatic PLA2 were all used to validate the assay. Compared with current assays used for continuously measuring PLA1 or PLA2 activities and/or their inhibitors, the development of this sensitive enzymatic method, using coated PC substrate analogs to natural lipids and based on the UV spectroscopic properties of α-eleostearic acid, is a significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meddy El Alaoui
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Métabolismes, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (COB), F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (COB), F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Métabolismes, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (COB), F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdallah Khatib
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Métabolismes, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Chimie Organique et Bioorganique (COB), F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5246, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Métabolismes, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Full-Length cDNA Cloning, Molecular Characterization and Differential Expression Analysis of Lysophospholipase I from Ovis aries. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081206. [PMID: 27483239 PMCID: PMC5000604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipase I (LYPLA1) is an important protein with multiple functions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the LYPLA1 gene from Ovis aries (OaLypla1) was cloned using primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. The full-length OaLypla1 was 2457 bp with a 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of 24 bp, a 3′-UTR of 1740 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 693 bp encoding a protein of 230 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 24,625.78 Da. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the OaLypla1 protein shared a high amino acid identity with LYPLA1 of Bos taurus. The recombinant OaLypla1 protein was expressed and purified, and its phospholipase activity was identified. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against OaLypla1 that bound native OaLypla1 were generated. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that OaLypla1 was constitutively expressed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and white blood cells of sheep, with the highest level in the kidney. Additionally, the mRNA levels of OaLypla1 in the buffy coats of sheep challenged with virulent or avirulent Brucella strains were down-regulated compared to untreated sheep. The results suggest that OaLypla1 may have an important physiological role in the host response to bacteria. The function of OaLypla1 in the host response to bacterial infection requires further study in the future.
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Aloulou A, Frikha F, Noiriel A, Bou Ali M, Abousalham A. Kinetic and structural characterization of triacylglycerol lipases possessing phospholipase A1 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:581-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Buerth C, Kovacic F, Stock J, Terfrüchte M, Wilhelm S, Jaeger KE, Feldbrügge M, Schipper K, Ernst JF, Tielker D. Uml2 is a novel CalB-type lipase of Ustilago maydis with phospholipase A activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4963-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile human opportunistic pathogen that produces and secretes an arsenal of enzymes, proteins and small molecules many of which serve as virulence factors. Notably, about 40 % of P. aeruginosa genes code for proteins of unknown function, among them more than 80 encoding putative, but still unknown lipolytic enzymes. This group of hydrolases (EC 3.1.1) is known already for decades, but only recently, several of these enzymes have attracted attention as potential virulence factors. Reliable and reproducible enzymatic activity assays are crucial to determine their physiological function and particularly assess their contribution to pathogenicity. As a consequence of the unique biochemical properties of lipids resulting in the formation of micellar structures in water, the reproducible preparation of substrate emulsions is strongly dependent on the method used. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the respective substrate emulsion may drastically affect the activities of the tested lipolytic enzymes. Here, we describe common methods for the activity determination of lipase, esterase, phospholipase, and lysophospholipase. These methods cover lipolytic activity assays carried out in vitro, with cell extracts or separated subcellular compartments and with purified enzymes. We have attempted to describe standardized protocols, allowing the determination and comparison of enzymatic activities of lipolytic enzymes from different sources. These methods should also encourage the Pseudomonas community to address the wealth of still unexplored lipolytic enzymes encoded and produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Research Centre Juelich Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, D-52426, Juelich, Germany,
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Ben Bacha A, Abid I, Horchani H, Mejdoub H. Enzymatic properties of stingray Dasyatis pastinaca group V, IIA and IB phospholipases A(2): a comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:537-42. [PMID: 24120965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have purified the group V phospholipase from the heart of cartilaginous fish stingray Dasyatis pastinaca and compared its biochemical properties with group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) and IB (sPLA2-IB) phospholipases previously purified from pancreas and intestine, respectively. Group V phospholipase (sPLA2-V) was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, ammonium sulphate precipitation and RP-HPLC. The N-terminal sequence of the purified sPLA2-V exhibits a high degree of homology with those of mammal. The enzyme was found to be monomeric with a molecular mass estimation of 14 kDa. The specific activity of the purified enzyme, measured at pH 8 and 37 °C was 52 U/mg. Like sPLA2-IB and sPLA2-IIA, the sPLA2-V is found to be stable between pH 3 and 11 after 30 min of incubation. The purified sPLA2-V retained 65% of its activity after 10 min of incubation at 70 °C and it absolutely requires Ca(2+) for enzymatic activity. In addition it displayed high tolerance to organic solvents. Kinetic parameters Kmapp, kcat and the deduced catalytic efficiency (kcat/Kmapp) of the purified group-V, -IB and -IIA PLA2s were determined using phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) as substrate. The three enzymes hydrolyze the zwiterionic PE and PC substrates more efficiently than anionic PS substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
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Xiao X, Ross LE, Sevilla WA, Wang Y, Lowe ME. Porcine pancreatic lipase related protein 2 has high triglyceride lipase activity in the absence of colipase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1435-41. [PMID: 23770034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient dietary fat digestion is essential for newborns who consume more dietary fat per body weight than at any other time of life. In many mammalian newborns, pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (PLRP2) is the predominant duodenal lipase. Pigs may be an exception since PLRP2 expression has been documented in the intestine but not in the pancreas. Because of the differences in tissue-specific expression, we hypothesized that the kinetic properties of porcine PLRP2 would differ from those of other mammals. To characterize its properties, recombinant porcine PLRP2 was expressed in HEK293T cells and purified to homogeneity. Porcine PLRP2 had activity against tributyrin, trioctanoin and triolein. The activity was not inhibited by bile salts and colipase, which is required for the activity of pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL), minimally stimulated PLRP2 activity. Similar to PLRP2 from other species, PLRP2 from pigs had activity against galactolipids and phospholipids. Importantly, porcine PLRP2 hydrolyzed a variety of dietary substrates including pasteurized human mother's milk and infant formula and its activity was comparable to that of PTL. In conclusion, porcine PLRP2 has broad substrate specificity and has high triglyceride lipase activity even in the absence of colipase. The data suggest that porcine PLRP2 would be a suitable lipase for inclusion in recombinant preparations for pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunjun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Ben Bacha A, Al-Daihan SK, Mejdoub H. Purification, characterization and bactericidal activities of phospholipase A2 from the dromedary intestine. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 57:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ben Bacha A, Abid I. Secretory phospholipase A2 in dromedary tears: a host defense against staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1858-69. [PMID: 23344945 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The best known physiologic function of secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is defense against bacterial infection through hydrolytic degradation of bacterial membrane phospholipids. In fact, sPLA2-IIA effectively kills Gram-positive bacteria and to a lesser extent Gram-negative bacteria and is considered a major component of the eye's innate immune defense system. The antibacterial properties of sPLA2 have been demonstrated in rabbit and human tears. In this report, we have analyzed the bactericidal activity of dromedary tears and the subsequently purified sPLA2 on several Gram-positive bacteria. Our results showed that the sPLA2 displays a potent bactericidal activity against all the tested bacteria particularly against the Staphylococcus strains when tested in the ionic environment of tears. There is a synergic action of the sPLA2 with lysozyme when added to the bacteria culture prior to sPLA2. Interestingly, lysozyme purified from dromedary tears showed a significant bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogene and Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas the one purified from human tears displayed no activity against these two strains. We have also demonstrated that Ca(2+) is crucial for the activity of dromedary tear sPLA2 and to a less extent Mg(2+) ions. Given the presence of sPLA2 in tears and intestinal secretions, this enzyme may play a substantial role in innate mucosal and systemic bactericidal defenses against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Lipase from Ficus carica Latex of Tunisian East Coast Zidi Variety. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bacha AGB, Mejdoub H. Proteolytic cleavage of stingray phospholipase A2: isolation and biochemical characterization of an active N-terminal form. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:124. [PMID: 21791082 PMCID: PMC3180402 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian GIB-PLA2 are well characterized. In contrast, much less is known about aquatic ones. The aquatic world contains a wide variety of living species and, hence represents a great potential for discovering new lipolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to check some biochemical and structural properties of a marine stingray phospholipase A2 (SPLA2). Results The effect of some proteolytic enzymes on SPLA2 was checked. Chymotrypsin and trypsin were able to hydrolyze SPLA2 in different ways. In both cases, only N-terminal fragments were accumulated during the hydrolysis, whereas no C-terminal fragment was obtained in either case. Tryptic and chymotryptic attack generated 13 kDa and 12 kDa forms of SPLA2, respectively. Interestingly, the SPLA2 13 kDa form was inactive, whereas the SPLA2 12 kDa form conserved almost its full phospholipase activity. In the absence of bile slats both native and 12kDa SPLA2 failed to catalyse the hydrolysis of PC emulsion. When bile salts were pre-incubated with the substrate, the native kinetic protein remained linear for more than 25 min, whereas the 12 kDa form activity was found to decrease rapidly. Furthermore, The SPLA2 activity was dependent on Ca2+; other cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+) reduced the enzymatic activity notably, suggesting that the arrangement of the catalytic site presents an exclusive structure for Ca2+. Conclusions Although marine and mammal pancreatic PLA2 share a high amino acid sequence homology, polyclonal antibodies directed against SPLA2 failed to recognize mammal PLA2 like the dromedary pancreatic one. Further investigations are needed to identify key residues involved in substrate recognition responsible for biochemical differences between the 2 classes of phospholipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir G Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abdelkafi S, Barouh N, Fouquet B, Fendri I, Pina M, Scheirlinckx F, Villeneuve P, Carrière F. Carica papaya lipase: a naturally immobilized enzyme with interesting biochemical properties. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 66:34-40. [PMID: 21267783 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) lipases have been thoroughly characterized in mammals and microorganisms, whereas very little is known about plant TAG lipases. The lipolytic activity occurring in all the laticies is known to be associated with sedimentable particles, and all attempts to solubilize the lipolytic activity of Carica papaya latex have been unsuccessful so far. However, some of the biochemical properties of the lipase from Carica papaya latex (CPL) were determined from the insoluble fraction of the latex. The activity was optimum at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 9.0, and the specific activities of CPL were found to be 2,000 ± 185 and 256 ± 8 U/g when tributyrin and olive oil were used as substrates, respectively. CPL was found to be active in the absence of any detergent, whereas many lipases require detergent to prevent the occurrence of interfacial denaturation. CPL was inactive in the presence of micellar concentrations of Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and still showed high levels of activity in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and the zwitterionic Chaps detergent. The effects of various proteases on the lipolytic activity of CPL were studied, and CPL was found to be resistant to treatment with various enzymes, except in the presence of trypsin. All these properties suggest that CPL may be a good candidate for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Abdelkafi
- CNRS-Aix-Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UPR9025, Marseille, France.
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Bacha AB, Karray A, Bouchaala E, Gargouri Y, Ali YB. Purification and biochemical characterization of pancreatic phospholipase A2 from the common stingray Dasyatis pastinaca. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:32. [PMID: 21329523 PMCID: PMC3050761 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian sPLA2-IB are well characterized. In contrast, much less is known about aquatic ones. The aquatic world contains a wide variety of living species and, hence represents a great potential for discovering new lipolytic enzymes. RESULTS A marine stingray phospholipase A2 (SPLA2) was purified from delipidated pancreas. Purified SPLA2, which is not glycosylated protein, was found to be monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 14 kDa. A specific activity of 750 U/mg for purified SPLA2 was measured at optimal conditions (pH 8.5 and 40 °C) in the presence of 4 mM NaTDC and 8 mM CaCl2 using PC as substrate. The sequence of the first twenty first amino-acid residues at the N-terminal extremity of SPLA2 was determined and shows a close similarity with known mammal and bird pancreatic secreted phospholipases A2. SPLA2 stability in the presence of organic solvents, as well as in acidic and alkaline pH and at high temperature makes it a good candidate for its application in food industry. CONCLUSIONS SPLA2 has several advantageous features for industrial applications. Stability of SPLA2 in the presence of organic solvents, and its tolerance to high temperatures, basic and acidic pH, makes it a good candidate for application in food industry to treat phospholipid-rich industrial effluents, or to synthesize useful chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS route de Soukra, BP1173, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Dhouib R, Laroche-Traineau J, Shaha R, Lapaillerie D, Solier E, Rualès J, Pina M, Villeneuve P, Carrière F, Bonneu M, Arondel V. Identification of a putative triacylglycerol lipase from papaya latex by functional proteomics. FEBS J 2010; 278:97-110. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Tang Y, Dong W, Kong T. Effects of heating on the immunogenicity and biological toxicity of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom and its fractions. Toxicon 2010; 56:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Identification and biochemical characterization of a GDSL-motif carboxylester hydrolase from Carica papaya latex. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:1048-56. [PMID: 19555778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An esterase (CpEst) showing high specific activities on tributyrin and short chain vinyl esters was obtained from Carica papaya latex after an extraction step with zwitterionic detergent and sonication, followed by gel filtration chromatography. Although the protein could not be purified to complete homogeneity due to its presence in high molecular mass aggregates, a major protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 41 kDa was obtained by SDS-PAGE. This material was digested with trypsin and the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides were determined by LC/ESI/MS/MS. These sequences were used to identify a partial cDNA (679 bp) from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of C. papaya. Based upon EST sequences, a full-length gene was identified in the genome of C. papaya, with an open reading frame of 1029 bp encoding a protein of 343 amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular mass of 38 kDa. From sequence analysis, CpEst was identified as a GDSL-motif carboxylester hydrolase belonging to the SGNH protein family and four potential N-glycosylation sites were identified. The putative catalytic triad was localised (Ser(35)-Asp(307)-His(310)) with the nucleophile serine being part of the GDSL-motif. A 3D-model of CpEst was built from known X-ray structures and sequence alignments and the catalytic triad was found to be exposed at the surface of the molecule, thus confirming the results of CpEst inhibition by tetrahydrolipstatin suggesting a direct accessibility of the inhibitor to the active site.
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Eydoux C, Spinelli S, Davis TL, Walker JR, Seitova A, Dhe-Paganon S, De Caro A, Cambillau C, Carrière F. Structure of Human Pancreatic Lipase-Related Protein 2 with the Lid in an Open Conformation,. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9553-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bi8005576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Eydoux
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L. Davis
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R. Walker
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alma Seitova
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain De Caro
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Cambillau
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS UPR9025 Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Marseille, France, Laboratoire d’Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR6098, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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De Caro J, Eydoux C, Chérif S, Lebrun R, Gargouri Y, Carrière F, De Caro A. Occurrence of pancreatic lipase-related protein-2 in various species and its relationship with herbivore diet. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Eydoux C, De Caro J, Ferrato F, Boullanger P, Lafont D, Laugier R, Carrière F, De Caro A. Further biochemical characterization of human pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 expressed in yeast cells. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1539-49. [PMID: 17401110 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600486-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (rHPLRP2) was produced in the protease A-deficient yeast Pichia pastoris. A major protein with a molecular mass of 50 kDa was purified from the culture medium using SP-Sepharose and Mono Q chromatography. The protein was found to be highly sensitive to the proteolytic cleavage of a peptide bond in the lid domain. The proteolytic cleavage process occurring in the lid affected both the lipase and phospholipase activities of rHPLRP2. The substrate specificity of the nonproteolyzed rHPLRP2 was investigated using pH-stat and monomolecular film techniques and various substrates (glycerides, phospholipids, and galactolipids). All of the enzyme activities were maximum at alkaline pH values and decreased in the pH 5-7 range corresponding to the physiological conditions occurring in the duodenum. rHPLRP2 was found to act preferentially on substrates forming small aggregates in solution (monoglycerides, egg phosphatidylcholine, and galactolipids) rather than on emulsified substrates such as triolein and diolein. The activity of rHPLRP2 on monogalactosyldiglyceride and digalactosyldiglyceride monomolecular films was determined and compared with that of guinea pig pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, which shows a large deletion in the lid domain. The presence of a full-length lid domain in rHPLRP2 makes it possible for enzyme activity to occur at higher surface pressures. The finding that the inhibition of nonproteolyzed rHPLRP2 by tetrahydrolipstatin and diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate does not involve any bile salt requirements suggests that the rHPLRP2 lid adopts an open conformation in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Eydoux
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie Interfaciale et de Physiologie de la Lipolyse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Ngando Ebongue GF, Dhouib R, Carrière F, Amvam Zollo PH, Arondel V. Assaying lipase activity from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) mesocarp. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:611-7. [PMID: 17064925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mesocarp of mature oil palm fruit undergoes intensive triglycerides hydrolysis upon abscission and bruising. This generates such a high amount of free fatty acids that the oil might become unfit for human consumption without appropriate refining. The lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) involved in the breakdown of the oil is not stable after homogenization of the tissue in aqueous buffers. In this study, we have devised a solvent-based procedure that allowed us to obtain fractions with stable lipase activity. Using these fractions, we have determined the optimal conditions for assaying mesocarp lipase activity. The activity was highest at a temperature of 35 degrees C and a pH of 9. The lipase was found to be strictly calcium dependent. The specific activity of the lipase measured in optimal conditions was found to be 33 mumol fatty acids released min(-1) mg(-1) protein using olive oil as substrate. The mesocarp contains about 190 U of lipase g(-1) fresh weight. This activity was found to be inhibited by the lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), suggesting that the lipase is a serine hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Ngando Ebongue
- Centre spécialisé de recherche sur le palmier à huile (CEREPAH) de La Dibamba, BP 1001, Douala, Cameroon.
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Jiménez M, Cabanes J, Gandía-Herrero F, Escribano J, García-Carmona F, Pérez-Gilabert M. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for phospholipase A(2) activity. Anal Biochem 2003; 319:131-7. [PMID: 12842116 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple continuous spectrophotometric method for assaying phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity. The procedure is based on a coupled enzymatic assay, using dilinoleoyl phosphatidylcholine as phospholipase substrate and lipoxygenase as coupling enzyme. The linoleic acid released by phospholipase was oxidized by lipoxygenase and then phospholipase activity was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance at 234 nm due to the formation of the corresponding hydroperoxide from the linoleic acid. The optimal assay concentrations of hog pancreatic phospholipase A(2) and lipoxygenase were established. PLA(2) activity varied with pH, reaching its optimal value at pH 8.5. Scans of the deoxycholate concentration pointed to an optimal detergent concentration of 3mM. Phospholipid hydrolysis followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics (V(m)=1.8 microM/min, K(m)=4.5 microM, V(m)/K(m)=0.4 min(-1)). This assay also allows PLA(2) inhibitors, such as p-bromophenacyl bromide or dehydroabietylamine acetate, to be studied. This method was proved to be specific since there was no activity in the absence of phospholipase A(2). It also has the advantages of a short analysis time and the use of commercially nonradiolabeled and inexpensive substrates, which are, furthermore, natural substrates of phospholipase A(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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Jiménez-Atiénzar M, Cabanes J, Gandía-Herrero F, Escribano J, García-Carmona F, Pérez-Gilabert M. Determination of the phospholipase activity of patatin by a continuous spectrophotometric assay. Lipids 2003; 38:677-82. [PMID: 12934679 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Patatin is a family of glycoproteins that accounts for 30-40% of the total soluble protein in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. This protein has been reported to serve as a storage protein and also to exhibit lipid phospholipase activity. This paper describes a simple continuous spectrophotometric method for assaying patatin phospholipase activity. The procedure is based on a coupled enzymatic assay using [1,2-dilinoleoyl] PC as the phospholipase substrate and lipoxygenase as the coupling enzyme. In the procedure developed in this work, lipoxygenase oxidizes the linoleic acid released by the phospholipase activity of patatin. This activity can then be followed spectrophotometrically by recording the increase in absorbance at 234 nm that results from the formation of the corresponding hydroperoxide from linoleic acid by the action of lipoxygenase. The optimal assay concentrations of patatin and lipoxygenase were established. Phospholipase activity varied with pH, reaching its optimal value at pH 9.5. Scans of the deoxycholate concentration pointed to an optimal detergent concentration of 3 mM. Phospholipid hydrolysis followed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Vm = 9.8 x 10(-3) micromol/min x microg protein, Km = 7.8 microM, Vm/Km = 1.3 min(-1) x microg protein). This method proved to be specific since there was no activity in the absence of patatin. It also had the advantages of a short analysis time and the use of commercially nonradiolabeled and inexpensive substrates, which are, furthermore, natural substrates of phospholipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez-Atiénzar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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