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Cada AK, Mizuno N. Molecular cartography within axons. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102358. [PMID: 38608424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging methods begin to further illuminate the inner workings of neurons. Views of the axonal landscape through the lens of in situ cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) provide a high-resolution atlas of the macromolecular organization in near-native conditions, leading to our growing understanding of the vital roles of compositional and structural organization in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest observations concerning the fundamental components found within neuronal compartments, with special emphasis on the axon, branch points, and growth cone. We describe the similarity and difference in organization of organelles and molecules in varying compartments. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions on the dynamics and localization of various components along the axon that may be answered using orthogonal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A King Cada
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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2
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Nyman E, Dahlin LB. The Unpredictable Ulnar Nerve-Ulnar Nerve Entrapment from Anatomical, Pathophysiological, and Biopsychosocial Aspects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:489. [PMID: 38472962 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves consist of delicate structures, including a rich microvascular system, that protect and nourish axons and associated Schwann cells. Nerves are sensitive to internal and external trauma, such as compression and stretching. Ulnar nerve entrapment, the second most prevalent nerve entrapment disorder after carpal tunnel syndrome, appears frequently at the elbow. Although often idiopathic, known risk factors, including obesity, smoking, diabetes, and vibration exposure, occur. It exists in all adult ages (mean age 40-50 years), but seldom affects individuals in their adolescence or younger. The patient population is heterogeneous with great co-morbidity, including other nerve entrapment disorders. Typical early symptoms are paresthesia and numbness in the ulnar fingers, followed by decreased sensory function and muscle weakness. Pre- and postoperative neuropathic pain is relatively common, independent of other symptom severity, with a risk for serious consequences. A multimodal treatment strategy is necessary. Mild to moderate symptoms are usually treated conservatively, while surgery is an option when conservative treatment fails or in severe cases. The decision to perform surgery might be difficult, and the outcome is unpredictable with the risk of complications. There is no consensus on the choice of surgical method, but simple decompression is relatively effective with a lower complication rate than transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nyman
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine-Hand Surgery, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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3
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Cunha-Oliveira T, Montezinho L, Simões RF, Carvalho M, Ferreiro E, Silva FSG. Mitochondria: A Promising Convergent Target for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:248. [PMID: 38334639 PMCID: PMC10854804 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, for which current treatment options are limited. Recent studies have shed light on the role of mitochondria in ALS pathogenesis, making them an attractive therapeutic intervention target. This review contains a very comprehensive critical description of the involvement of mitochondria and mitochondria-mediated mechanisms in ALS. The review covers several key areas related to mitochondria in ALS, including impaired mitochondrial function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species, metabolic processes and energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, turnover, autophagy and mitophagy, impaired mitochondrial transport, and apoptosis. This review also highlights preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated various mitochondria-targeted therapies for ALS treatment. These include strategies to improve mitochondrial function, such as the use of dichloroacetate, ketogenic and high-fat diets, acetyl-carnitine, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Additionally, antiapoptotic agents, like the mPTP-targeting agents minocycline and rasagiline, are discussed. The paper aims to contribute to the identification of effective mitochondria-targeted therapies for ALS treatment by synthesizing the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in ALS pathogenesis and reviewing potential convergent therapeutic interventions. The complex interplay between mitochondria and the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS holds promise for the development of novel treatment strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Montezinho
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Rui F. Simões
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Carvalho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena S. G. Silva
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Mitotag Lda, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
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4
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Tripodi D, Vitarelli F, Spiti S, Leoni V. The Diagnostic Use of the Plasma Quantification of 24S-Hydroxycholesterol and Other Oxysterols in Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:337-351. [PMID: 38036888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol regulates fluidity and structure of cellular membranes. The brain is involved in signal transduction, synaptogenesis, and membrane trafficking. An impairment of its metabolism was observed in different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer, and Huntington diseases. Because of the blood-brain barrier, cholesterol cannot be uptaken from the circulation and all the cholesterol is locally synthetized. The excess cholesterol in neurons is converted into 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) by the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). The plasmatic concentration of 24OHC results in the balance between cerebral production and liver elimination. It is related to the number of metabolically active neurons in the brain. Several factors that affect the brain cholesterol turnover and the liver elimination of oxysterols, the genetic background, nutrition, and lifestyle habits were found to significantly affect plasma levels of 24OHC. Reduced levels of 24OHC were found related to the loss of metabolically active cells and the degree of brain atrophy. The dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and increased cholesterol turnover might overlap with this progressive reduction giving temporary increased levels of 24OHC.The study of plasma 24OHC is likely to offer an insight into brain cholesterol turnover with a limited diagnostic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tripodi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Federica Vitarelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Simona Spiti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy.
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Moreno-Rodriguez M, Perez SE, Martinez-Gardeazabal J, Manuel I, Malek-Ahmadi M, Rodriguez-Puertas R, Mufson EJ. Frontal Cortex Lipid Alterations During the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1515-1532. [PMID: 38578893 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Although sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology, familial AD is associated with specific gene mutations. A commonality between these forms of AD is that both display multiple pathogenic events including cholinergic and lipid dysregulation. Objective We aimed to identify the relevant lipids and the activity of their related receptors in the frontal cortex and correlating them with cognition during the progression of AD. Methods MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and functional autoradiography was used to evaluate the distribution of phospholipids/sphingolipids and the activity of cannabinoid 1 (CB1), sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 (S1P1), and muscarinic M2/M4 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) of people that come to autopsy with premortem clinical diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no cognitive impairment (NCI). Results MALDI-MSI revealed an increase in myelin-related lipids, such as diacylglycerol (DG) 36:1, DG 38:5, and phosphatidic acid (PA) 40:6 in the white matter (WM) in MCI compared to NCI, and a downregulation of WM phosphatidylinositol (PI) 38:4 and PI 38:5 levels in AD compared to NCI. Elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:1, PC 34:0, and sphingomyelin 38:1 were observed in discrete lipid accumulations in the FC supragranular layers during disease progression. Muscarinic M2/M4 receptor activation in layers V-VI decreased in AD compared to MCI. CB1 receptor activity was upregulated in layers V-VI, while S1P1 was downregulated within WM in AD relative to NCI. Conclusions FC WM lipidomic alterations are associated with myelin dyshomeostasis in prodromal AD, suggesting WM lipid maintenance as a potential therapeutic target for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ivan Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rodriguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Ansari U, Wen J, Taguinod I, Nadora D, Nadora D, Lui F. Exploring dietary approaches in the prevention and management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A literature review. AIMS Neurosci 2023; 10:376-387. [PMID: 38188002 PMCID: PMC10767066 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and complex neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of this multifaceted disease is unknown. However, diet has emerged as a modifiable risk factor that has neuroprotective effects towards other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and dementia. Thus, this review aims to explore how diet can potentially influence ALS onset and/or progression. In this review, five popular diets (Mediterranean, Vegan, Carnivore, Paleolithic and Ketogenic) and their distinct macromolecule composition, nutritional profile, biochemical pathways and their potential therapeutic effects for ALS are thoroughly examined. However, the composition of these diets varies, and the data is controversial, with conflicting studies on the effectiveness of nutrient intake of several of these diets. Although these five diets show that a higher intake of foods containing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds have a positive correlation towards reducing the oxidative stress of ALS, further research is needed to directly compare the effects of these diets and the mechanisms leading to ALS and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ansari
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
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7
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Wang D, Zheng T, Zhou S, Liu M, Liu Y, Gu X, Mao S, Yu B. Promoting axon regeneration by inhibiting RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5. eLife 2023; 12:e85309. [PMID: 37535403 PMCID: PMC10400074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key limiting factor of successful axon regeneration is the intrinsic regenerative ability in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have identified intrinsic regenerative ability regulators that act on gene expression in injured neurons. However, it is less known whether RNA modifications play a role in this process. Here, we systematically screened the functions of all common m6A modification-related enzymes in axon regeneration and report ALKBH5, an evolutionarily conserved RNA m6A demethylase, as a regulator of axonal regeneration in rodents. In PNS, knockdown of ALKBH5 enhanced sensory axonal regeneration, whereas overexpressing ALKBH5 impaired axonal regeneration in an m6A-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 increased the stability of Lpin2 mRNA and thus limited regenerative growth associated lipid metabolism in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Moreover, in CNS, knockdown of ALKBH5 enhanced the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury. Together, our results suggest a novel mechanism regulating axon regeneration and point ALKBH5 as a potential target for promoting axon regeneration in both PNS and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Tiemei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Mingwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University; Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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8
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Agrawal RR, Larrea D, Xu Y, Shi L, Zirpoli H, Cummins LG, Emmanuele V, Song D, Yun TD, Macaluso FP, Min W, Kernie SG, Deckelbaum RJ, Area-Gomez E. Alzheimer's-Associated Upregulation of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:2219-2241. [PMID: 36571634 PMCID: PMC10287820 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) through mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized. Similar to AD, TBI models present with cellular metabolic alterations and modulated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Specifically, AD and TBI tissues display increases in amyloid-β as well as its precursor, the APP C-terminal fragment of 99 a.a. (C99). Our recent data in cell models of AD indicate that C99, due to its affinity for cholesterol, induces the formation of transient lipid raft domains in the ER known as mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes ("MAM" domains). The formation of these domains recruits and activates specific lipid metabolic enzymes that regulate cellular cholesterol trafficking and sphingolipid turnover. Increased C99 levels in AD cell models promote MAM formation and significantly modulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Here, these phenotypes were recapitulated in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in adult mice. Specifically, the injured cortex and hippocampus displayed significant increases in C99 and MAM activity, as measured by phospholipid synthesis, sphingomyelinase activity and cholesterol turnover. In addition, our cell type-specific lipidomics analyses revealed significant changes in microglial lipid composition that are consistent with the observed alterations in MAM-resident enzymes. Altogether, we propose that alterations in the regulation of MAM and relevant lipid metabolic pathways could contribute to the epidemiological connection between TBI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 10-105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Leslie G Cummins
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donghui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, Havemeyer Hall, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 10-105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven G Kernie
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 17, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 17, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Presbyterian Hospital 15E-1512, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W. 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - CSIC, C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Choi SH, Tanzi RE. Adult neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2023; 33:307-321. [PMID: 36748337 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbances. The hippocampus, where adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a relatively novel form of brain plasticity that refers to the birth of new neurons, occurs, is one of the first brain regions to be affected in AD patients. Recent studies showed that AHN persists throughout life in humans, but it drops sharply in AD patients. Next questions to consider would be whether AHN impairment is a contributing factor to learning and memory impairment in AD and whether restoring AHN could ameliorate or delay cognitive dysfunction. Here, we outline and discuss the current knowledge about the state of AHN in AD patients, AHN impairment as a potentially relevant mechanism underlying memory deficits in AD, therapeutic potential of activating AHN in AD, and the mechanisms of AHN impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Mariano V, Kanellopoulos AK, Aiello G, Lo AC, Legius E, Achsel T, Bagni C. SREBP modulates the NADP +/NADPH cycle to control night sleep in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:763. [PMID: 36808152 PMCID: PMC9941135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep behavior is conserved throughout evolution, and sleep disturbances are a frequent comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular basis underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurological diseases remains elusive. Using a model for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the Drosophila Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein haploinsufficiency (Cyfip85.1/+), we identify a mechanism modulating sleep homeostasis. We show that increased activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) in Cyfip85.1/+ flies induces an increase in the transcription of wakefulness-associated genes, such as the malic enzyme (Men), causing a disturbance in the daily NADP+/NADPH ratio oscillations and reducing sleep pressure at the night-time onset. Reduction in SREBP or Men activity in Cyfip85.1/+ flies enhances the NADP+/NADPH ratio and rescues the sleep deficits, indicating that SREBP and Men are causative for the sleep deficits in Cyfip heterozygous flies. This work suggests modulation of the SREBP metabolic axis as a new avenue worth exploring for its therapeutic potential in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Adrian C Lo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
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11
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Swope RD, Hertzler JI, Stone MC, Kothe GO, Rolls MM. The exocyst complex is required for developmental and regenerative neurite growth in vivo. Dev Biol 2022; 492:1-13. [PMID: 36162553 PMCID: PMC10228574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exocyst complex is an important regulator of intracellular trafficking and tethers secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Understanding of its role in neuron outgrowth remains incomplete, and previous studies have come to different conclusions about its importance for axon and dendrite growth, particularly in vivo. To investigate exocyst function in vivo we used Drosophila sensory neurons as a model system. To bypass early developmental requirements in other cell types, we used neuron-specific RNAi to target seven exocyst subunits. Initial neuronal development proceeded normally in these backgrounds, however, we considered this could be due to residual exocyst function. To probe neuronal growth capacity at later times after RNAi initiation, we used laser microsurgery to remove axons or dendrites and prompt regrowth. Exocyst subunit RNAi reduced axon regeneration, although new axons could be specified. In control neurons, a vesicle trafficking marker often concentrated in the new axon, but this pattern was disrupted in Sec6 RNAi neurons. Dendrite regeneration was also severely reduced by exocyst RNAi, even though the trafficking marker did not accumulate in a strongly polarized manner during normal dendrite regeneration. The requirement for the exocyst was not limited to injury contexts as exocyst subunit RNAi eliminated dendrite regrowth after developmental pruning. We conclude that the exocyst is required for injury-induced and developmental neurite outgrowth, but that residual protein function can easily mask this requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Swope
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - J Ian Hertzler
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michelle C Stone
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gregory O Kothe
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melissa M Rolls
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Avraham O, Chamessian A, Feng R, Yang L, Halevi AE, Moore AM, Gereau RW, Cavalli V. Profiling the molecular signature of satellite glial cells at the single cell level reveals high similarities between rodents and humans. Pain 2022; 163:2348-2364. [PMID: 35503034 PMCID: PMC9522926 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peripheral sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia relay sensory information from the peripheral tissue to the brain. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are unique glial cells that form an envelope completely surrounding each sensory neuron soma. This organization allows for close bidirectional communication between the neuron and its surrounding glial coat. Morphological and molecular changes in SGC have been observed in multiple pathological conditions such as inflammation, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, viral infection, and nerve injuries. There is evidence that changes in SGC contribute to chronic pain by augmenting the neuronal activity in various rodent pain models. Satellite glial cells also play a critical role in axon regeneration. Whether findings made in rodent model systems are relevant to human physiology have not been investigated. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the transcriptional profile of SGC in mice, rats, and humans at the single cell level. Our findings suggest that key features of SGC in rodent models are conserved in humans. Our study provides the potential to leverage rodent SGC properties and identify potential targets in humans for the treatment of nerve injuries and alleviation of painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander Chamessian
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Lite Yang
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Halevi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy M. Moore
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis 63110, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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13
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Nittari G, Traini E, Amenta F. Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:988759. [PMID: 36212684 PMCID: PMC9541750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.988759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of neurons, glial and vascular cells ensuring the correct homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and indirectly the function of the central nervous system. The CCPLs phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), choline alphoscerate or α-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (α-GPC) contribute to the modulation of the physiology of the NVU cells. A loss of CCPLs contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease. Our study has characterized the cellular components of the NVU and has reviewed the effect of lecithin, of CDP-choline and α-GPC documented in preclinical studies and in limited clinical trials on these compounds. The interesting results obtained with some CCPLs, in particular with α-GPC, probably would justify reconsideration of the most promising molecules in larger attentively controlled studies. This can also contribute to better define the role of the NVU in the pathophysiology of brain disorders characterized by vascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Amenta,
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14
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Tang BL. Cholesterol synthesis inhibition or depletion in axon regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:271-276. [PMID: 34269187 PMCID: PMC8463970 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells. Beyond its metabolic role in steroidogenesis, it is enriched in the plasma membrane where it has key structural and regulatory functions. Cholesterol is thus presumably important for post-injury axon regrowth, and this notion is supported by studies showing that impairment of local cholesterol reutilization impeded regeneration. However, several studies have also shown that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, are enhancers of axon regeneration, presumably acting through an attenuation of the mevalonate isoprenoid pathway and consequent reduction in protein prenylation. Several recent reports have now shown that cholesterol depletion, as well as inhibition of cholesterol synthesis per se, enhances axon regeneration. Here, I discussed these findings and propose some possible underlying mechanisms. The latter would include possible disruptions to axon growth inhibitor signaling by lipid raft-localized receptors, as well as other yet unclear neuronal survival signaling process enhanced by cholesterol lowering or depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of current studies. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:1895-1913. [PMID: 35034261 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of craniofacial trauma that directly or indirectly damages the optic nerve and can cause severe vision loss. The incidence of TON has been gradually increasing in recent years. Research on the protection and regeneration of the optic nerve after the onset of TON is still at the level of laboratory studies and which is insufficient to support clinical treatment of TON. And, due to without clear guidelines, there is much ambiguity regarding its diagnosis and management. Clinical interventions for TON include observation only, treatment with corticosteroids alone, or optic canal (OC) decompression (with or without steroids). There is controversy in clinical practice concerning which treatment is the best. A review of available studies shows that the visual acuity of patients with TON can be significantly improved after OC decompression surgery (especially endoscopic transnasal/transseptal optic canal decompression (ETOCD)) with or without the use of corticosteroids. And new findings of laboratory studies such as mitochondrial therapy, lipid change studies, and other studies in favor of TON therapy have also been identified. In this review, we discuss the evolving perspective of surgical treatment and experimental study.
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16
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Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Human and Animal Studies with Implications for Therapeutic Perspectives Aimed at Memory Recovery. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:9959044. [PMID: 35075360 PMCID: PMC8783751 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9959044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus is a niche for adult neurogenesis from neural stem cells. Newborn neurons integrate into existing neuronal networks, where they play a key role in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory. In the ageing brain, neurogenic capability progressively declines while in parallel increases the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss. Numerous studies have investigated whether impaired adult neurogenesis contributes to memory decline in AD. Here, we review the literature on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and AD by focusing on both human and mouse model studies. First, we describe key steps of AHN, report recent evidence of this phenomenon in humans, and describe the specific contribution of newborn neurons to memory, as evinced by animal studies. Next, we review articles investigating AHN in AD patients and critically examine the discrepancies among different studies over the last two decades. Also, we summarize researches investigating AHN in AD mouse models, and from these studies, we extrapolate the contribution of molecular factors linking AD-related changes to impaired neurogenesis. Lastly, we examine animal studies that link impaired neurogenesis to specific memory dysfunctions in AD and review treatments that have the potential to rescue memory capacities in AD by stimulating AHN.
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17
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Marrone L, Marchi PM, Webster CP, Marroccella R, Coldicott I, Reynolds S, Alves-Cruzeiro J, Yang ZL, Higginbottom A, Khundadze M, Shaw PJ, Hübner CA, Livesey MR, Azzouz M. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2693-2710. [PMID: 35313342 PMCID: PMC9402239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 15 (HSP15) is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the inability to produce SPG15 protein, which leads to lysosomal swelling. However, the link between lysosomal aberrations and neuronal death is poorly explored. To uncover the functional consequences of lysosomal aberrations in disease pathogenesis, we analyze human dermal fibroblasts from HSP15 patients as well as primary cortical neurons derived from an SPG15 knockout (KO) mouse model. We find that SPG15 protein loss induces defective anterograde transport, impaired neurite outgrowth, axonal swelling and reduced autophagic flux in association with the onset of lysosomal abnormalities. Additionally, we observe lipid accumulation within the lysosomal compartment, suggesting that distortions in cellular lipid homeostasis are intertwined with lysosomal alterations. We further demonstrate that SPG15 KO neurons exhibit synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by augmented vulnerability to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Overall, our study establishes an intimate link between lysosomal aberrations, lipid metabolism and electrophysiological impairments, suggesting that lysosomal defects are at the core of multiple neurodegenerative disease processes in HSP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marrone
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Paolo M Marchi
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raffaele Marroccella
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian Coldicott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - João Alves-Cruzeiro
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zih-Liang Yang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 1142222238; Fax: +44 (0)114 2222290; Email
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18
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Liu Y, Ye Z, Hu J, Xiao Z, Zhang F, Yang X, Chen W, Fu Y, Cao D. White Matter Alterations in Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: A Multiparametric Structural MRI Study and Correlations with Biochemical Measurements. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:56-62. [PMID: 34794945 PMCID: PMC8757563 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In spastic paraplegia type 5, spinal cord atrophy and white matter signal abnormalities in the brain are the main MR imaging alterations. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. We explored the microstructural changes occurring in spastic paraplegia type 5 and assessed the relation between MR imaging and clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and 17 healthy controls were scanned with DTI and T1 mapping on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and T1 values were obtained using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the Spinal Cord Toolbox. Neurofilament light and myelin basic protein in the CSF were measured. The differences in MR imaging and biochemical data between patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and healthy controls were compared using the Student t test. RESULTS A widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy values and an elevation of mean diffusivity, T1, and radial diffusivity values were found in most cervical, T4, and T5 spinal cords; corona radiata; optic radiations; and internal capsules in spastic paraplegia type 5. A variation in axial diffusivity values was shown only in C2, C6, and the corona radiata but not in the gray matter. The levels of neurofilament light and myelin basic protein were higher in those with spastic paraplegia type 5 than in healthy controls (myelin basic protein, 3507 [SD, 2291] versus 127 [SD, 219] pg/mL; neurofilament light, 617 [SD, 207] versus 265 [SD, 187] pg/mL; P < .001). No correlation was found between the clinical data and MR imaging-derived measures. CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric MR imaging and biochemical indicators demonstrated that demyelination (mainly) and axonal loss led to the white matter integrity loss without gray matter injury in spastic paraplegia type 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.),Department of Medical Imaging Technology (Y.L.), College of Medical Technology and Engineering
| | - Z. Ye
- Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.),Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)
| | - J. Hu
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)
| | - Z. Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Z.X.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)
| | - X. Yang
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.)
| | - W. Chen
- Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.),Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.),Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology (W.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y. Fu
- Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.),Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology (Z.Y., W.C., Y.F.)
| | - D. Cao
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.L., J.H., F.Z., X.Y., D.C.),Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions (D.C.), First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Sun T, Hosang L, Depp C, Sasmita AO, Vasileva MH, Scholz P, Zhao Y, Krueger-Burg D, Wichert S, Brown ER, Michail K, Nave KA, Bonn S, Odoardi F, Rossner M, Ischebeck T, Edgar JM, Saher G. Neuronal cholesterol synthesis is essential for repair of chronically demyelinated lesions in mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109889. [PMID: 34706227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived cholesterol supports brain cells under physiological conditions. However, in demyelinating lesions, astrocytes downregulate cholesterol synthesis, and the cholesterol that is essential for remyelination has to originate from other cellular sources. Here, we show that repair following acute versus chronic demyelination involves distinct processes. In particular, in chronic myelin disease, when recycling of lipids is often defective, de novo neuronal cholesterol synthesis is critical for regeneration. By gene expression profiling, genetic loss-of-function experiments, and comprehensive phenotyping, we provide evidence that neurons increase cholesterol synthesis in chronic myelin disease models and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In mouse models, neuronal cholesterol facilitates remyelination specifically by triggering oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of disease progression and have implications for therapeutic strategies in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew O Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina H Vasileva
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Euan R Brown
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kyriakos Michail
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, James Naysmith Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia M Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Axo-glial Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Kaduri M, Sela M, Kagan S, Poley M, Abumanhal-Masarweh H, Mora-Raimundo P, Ouro A, Dahan N, Hershkovitz D, Shklover J, Shainsky-Roitman J, Buganim Y, Schroeder A. Targeting neurons in the tumor microenvironment with bupivacaine nanoparticles reduces breast cancer progression and metastases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5435. [PMID: 34613777 PMCID: PMC8494443 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurons within the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression; thus, their local targeting has potential clinical benefits. We designed PEGylated lipid nanoparticles loaded with a non-opioid analgesic, bupivacaine, to target neurons within breast cancer tumors and suppress nerve-to-cancer cross-talk. In vitro, 100-nm nanoparticles were taken up readily by primary neurons, trafficking from the neuronal body and along the axons. We demonstrate that signaling between triple-negative breast cancer cells (4T1) and neurons involves secretion of cytokines stimulating neurite outgrowth. Reciprocally, neurons stimulated 4T1 proliferation, migration, and survival through secretion of neurotransmitters. Bupivacaine curbs neurite growth and signaling with cancer cells, inhibiting cancer cell viability. In vivo, bupivacaine-loaded nanoparticles intravenously administered suppressed neurons in orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer tumors, inhibiting tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Overall, our findings suggest that reducing nerve involvement in tumors is important for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kaduri
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mor Sela
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shaked Kagan
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Poley
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hanan Abumanhal-Masarweh
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Patricia Mora-Raimundo
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Life Sciences and Engineering Infrastructure Center, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Pathology Institute, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeny Shklover
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Janna Shainsky-Roitman
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Dai N, Tang C, Liu H, Huang S. Effect of electroacupuncture on inhibition of inflammatory response and oxidative stress through activating ApoE and Nrf2 in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2328. [PMID: 34423582 PMCID: PMC8442587 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electroacupuncture protects neurons and myelinated axons after spinal cord injury by mitigating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, but how it exerts these effects is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Spinal cord injury was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice, followed by electroacupuncture or ApoE mimetic peptide COG112 treatment. Mice with spinal cord injury suffered loss of myelinated axons and hindlimb motor function through the detections of Basso mouse scale, histology, and transmission electron microscopy; electroacupuncture partially reversed these effects in wild-type mice but not in ApoE-/- mice. Combining exogenous ApoE administration with electroacupuncture significantly mitigated the effects of spinal cord injury in both mouse strains, and these effects were associated with up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Combination treatment also reduced oxidative stress by up-regulating ApoE and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through the detections of immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that electroacupuncture protects neurons and myelinated axons following spinal cord injury through an ApoE-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Dai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglin Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqin Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Wang S, Chung MK. Orthodontic force induces nerve injury-like transcriptomic changes driven by TRPV1-expressing afferents in mouse trigeminal ganglia. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920973141. [PMID: 33215551 PMCID: PMC7686596 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920973141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force produces mechanical irritation and localized inflammation in
the periodontium, which causes pain in most patients. Nocifensive behaviors
resulting from orthodontic force in mice can be substantially attenuated by
intraganglionic injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a neurotoxin that
specifically ablates a subset of neurons expressing transient receptor potential
vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). In the current study, we determined changes in the
transcriptomic profiles in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) following the application
of orthodontic force, and assessed the roles of TRPV1-expressing afferents in
these transcriptomic changes. RTX or vehicle was injected into the TG of mice a
week before the placement of an orthodontic spring exerting 10 g of force. After
2 days, the TG were collected for RNA sequencing. The application of orthodontic
force resulted in 1279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the TG. Gene
ontology analysis showed downregulation of gliogenesis and ion channel
activities, especially of voltage-gated potassium channels. DEGs produced by
orthodontic force correlated more strongly with DEGs resulting from nerve injury
than from inflammation. Orthodontic force resulted in the differential
expression of multiple genes involved in pain regulation, including upregulation
of Atf3, Adcyap1, Bdnf, and
Csf1, and downregulation of Scn10a,
Kcna2, Kcnj10, and P2ry1.
Orthodontic force-induced DEGs correlated with DEGs specific to multiple
neuronal and non-neuronal subtypes following nerve injury. These transcriptomic
changes were abolished in the mice that received the RTX injection. These
results suggest that orthodontic force produces transcriptomic changes
resembling nerve injury in the TG and that nociceptive inputs through
TRPV1-expressing afferents leads to subsequent changes in gene expression not
only in TRPV1-positive neurons, but also in TRPV1-negative neurons and
non-neuronal cells throughout the ganglia. Orthodontic force-induced
transcriptomic changes might be an active regenerative program of trigeminal
ganglia in response to axonal injury following orthodontic force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperlipidaemia is associated with the development of neuropathy. Indeed, a mechanistic link between altered lipid metabolism and peripheral nerve dysfunction has been demonstrated in a number of experimental and clinical studies. Furthermore, post hoc analyses of clinical trials of cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering pharmacotherapy have shown reduced rates of progression of diabetic neuropathy. Given, there are currently no FDA approved disease-modifying therapies for diabetic neuropathy, modulation of lipids may represent a key therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nerve damage. This review summarizes the current evidence base on the role of hyperlipidaemia and lipid lowering therapy on the development and progression of peripheral neuropathy. RECENT FINDINGS A body of literature supports a detrimental effect of dyslipidaemia on nerve fibres resulting in somatic and autonomic neuropathy. The case for an important modulating role of hypertriglyceridemia is stronger than for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in relation to peripheral neuropathy. This is reflected in the outcomes of clinical trials with the different therapeutic agents targeting hyperlipidaemia reporting beneficial or neutral effects with statins and fibrates. The potential concern with the association between proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor therapy and cognitive decline raised the possibility that extreme LDL-C lowering may result in neurodegeneration. However, studies in murine models and data from small observational studies indicate an association between increased circulating PCSK9 levels and small nerve fibre damage with a protective effect of PCSK9i therapy against small fibre neuropathy. Additionally, weight loss with bariatric surgery leads to an improvement in peripheral neuropathy and regeneration of small nerve fibres measured with corneal confocal microscopy in people with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. These improvements correlate inversely with changes in triglyceride levels. SUMMARY Hyperlipidaemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, is associated with the development and progression of neuropathy. Lipid modifying agents may represent a potential therapeutic option for peripheral neuropathy. Post hoc analyses indicate that lipid-lowering therapies may halt the progression of neuropathy or even lead to regeneration of nerve fibres. Well designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish if intensive targeted lipid lowering therapy as a part of holistic metabolic control leads to nerve fibre regeneration and improvement in neuropathy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Iqbal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bilal Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alise Kalteniece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
| | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Handrean Soran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Weill-Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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24
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The Role of Lipids, Lipid Metabolism and Ectopic Lipid Accumulation in Axon Growth, Regeneration and Repair after CNS Injury and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051078. [PMID: 34062747 PMCID: PMC8147289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axons in the adult mammalian nervous system can extend over formidable distances, up to one meter or more in humans. During development, axonal and dendritic growth requires continuous addition of new membrane. Of the three major kinds of membrane lipids, phospholipids are the most abundant in all cell membranes, including neurons. Not only immature axons, but also severed axons in the adult require large amounts of lipids for axon regeneration to occur. Lipids also serve as energy storage, signaling molecules and they contribute to tissue physiology, as demonstrated by a variety of metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in various tissues through the body. Detrimental changes in lipid metabolism and excess accumulation of lipids contribute to a lack of axon regeneration, poor neurological outcome and complications after a variety of central nervous system (CNS) trauma including brain and spinal cord injury. Recent evidence indicates that rewiring lipid metabolism can be manipulated for therapeutic gain, as it favors conditions for axon regeneration and CNS repair. Here, we review the role of lipids, lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation in axon growth, regeneration and CNS repair. In addition, we outline molecular and pharmacological strategies to fine-tune lipid composition and energy metabolism in neurons and non-neuronal cells that can be exploited to improve neurological recovery after CNS trauma and disease.
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25
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Ewan EE, Avraham O, Carlin D, Gonçalves TM, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Ascending dorsal column sensory neurons respond to spinal cord injury and downregulate genes related to lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33431991 PMCID: PMC7801468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in part from the lack of a pro-regenerative response in injured neurons, but the response to SCI has not been examined specifically in injured sensory neurons. Using RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglion, we determined that thoracic SCI elicits a transcriptional response distinct from sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Both SNI and SCI induced upregulation of ATF3 and Jun, yet this response failed to promote growth in sensory neurons after SCI. RNA sequencing of purified sensory neurons one and three days after injury revealed that unlike SNI, the SCI response is not sustained. Both SCI and SNI elicited the expression of ATF3 target genes, with very little overlap between conditions. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed ATF3 target genes revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis were downregulated after SCI but not SNI. Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase, the enzyme generating palmitic acid, decreased axon growth and regeneration in vitro. These results support the notion that decreased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes after SCI, including fatty acid synthase, may restrict axon regenerative capacity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Ewan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Dan Carlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Tassia Mangetti Gonçalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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26
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Park YW. The Impact of Plant-Based Non-Dairy Alternative Milk on the Dairy Industry. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:8-15. [PMID: 33506213 PMCID: PMC7810394 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetarians have claimed and actively promoted the advantages of plant-based alternative milks as the best option for human nutrition and health, compared to the natural dairy milk. However, numerous scientific evidences and reports have demonstrated that the natural milk possesses more beneficial nutrients and bioactive components than artificially manufactured plant-derived milks. The biochemical and nutritional advantages and functionalities of natural dairy milk cannot be replaced by man-made or crafted plant-based beverage products. On the other hand, the tremendous increase in production and consumption of the plant-based alternative milks in recent years has led a serious business downturn in traditional roles and stability of the dairy industry, especially in the major dairy producing Western countries. Although plant-based milk alternatives may have some benefits on nutrition and health of certain consumers, the plant-derived alternative milks may not overshadow the true values of natural milk. Milk is not a high fat and high cholesterol food as animal meat products. Unlike plant-based alternative milks, natural milk contains many bioactive as well as antiappetizing peptides, which can reduce body weight. It has proven that taking low-fat, cultured and lactase treated milk and dairy products with other diversified nutritionally balanced diets have been shown to be healthier dietary option than plant-based milk/foods alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Park
- Georgia Small Ruminant Research &
Extension Center, Fort Valley State University, The University System of
Georgia, Fort Valley, GA 31030,
USA
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27
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Mou Y, Dong Y, Chen Z, Denton KR, Duff MO, Blackstone C, Zhang SC, Li XJ. Impaired lipid metabolism in astrocytes underlies degeneration of cortical projection neurons in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:214. [PMID: 33287888 PMCID: PMC7720406 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are caused by a length-dependent axonopathy of long corticospinal neurons, but how axons of these cortical projection neurons (PNs) degenerate remains elusive. We generated isogenic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines for two ATL1 missense mutations associated with SPG3A, the most common early-onset autosomal dominant HSP. In hPSC-derived cortical PNs, ATL1 mutations resulted in reduced axonal outgrowth, impaired axonal transport, and accumulated axonal swellings, recapitulating disease-specific phenotypes. Importantly, ATL1 mutations dysregulated proteolipid gene expression, reduced lipid droplet size in astrocytes, and unexpectedly disrupted cholesterol transfer from glia to neurons, leading to cholesterol deficiency in SPG3A cortical PNs. Applying cholesterol or conditioned medium from control astrocytes, a major source of cholesterol in the brain, rescued aberrant axonal transport and swellings in SPG3A cortical PNs. Furthermore, treatment with the NR1H2 agonist GW3965 corrected lipid droplet defects in SPG3A astrocytes and promoted cholesterol efflux from astrocytes, leading to restoration of cholesterol levels and rescue of axonal degeneration in SPG3A cortical PNs. These results reveal a non-cell autonomous mechanism underlying axonal degeneration of cortical PNs mediated by impaired cholesterol homeostasis in glia.
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28
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Kristensen FP, Christensen DH, Callaghan BC, Kahlert J, Knudsen ST, Sindrup SH, Feldman EL, Østergaard L, Andersen H, Jensen TS, Sørensen HT, Thomsen RW. Statin Therapy and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2945-2952. [PMID: 32998990 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins may reduce the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) as a result of lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects, but statins have also been associated with neurotoxicity. We examined whether statin therapy affects the risk of DPN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified all Danish patients with incident type 2 diabetes during 2002-2016. New users initiated statins between 180 days before and 180 days after their first diabetes record, while prevalent users had initiated statins before that period. Patients were followed for incident DPN using validated hospital diagnosis codes, starting 180 days after their first diabetes record. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for DPN. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 59,255 (23%) new users, 75,528 (29%) prevalent users, and 124,842 (48%) nonusers; median follow-up time was 6.2 years (interquartile range 3.4-9.6). The incidence rate of DPN events per 1,000 person-years was similar in new users (4.0 [95% CI 3.8-4.2]), prevalent users (3.8 [3.6-3.9]), and nonusers (3.8 [3.7-4.0]). The aHR for DPN was 1.05 (0.98-1.11) in new users and 0.97 (0.91-1.04) in prevalent users compared with statin nonusers. New users had a slightly increased DPN risk during the first year (1.31 [1.12-1.53]), which vanished after >2 years of follow-up. Findings were similar in on-treatment and propensity score-matched analyses and with additional adjustment for pretreatment blood lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS Statin therapy is unlikely to increase or mitigate DPN risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, although a small acute risk of harm cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik P Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark .,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana H Christensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian C Callaghan
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Johnny Kahlert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren T Knudsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren H Sindrup
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva L Feldman
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Leif Østergaard
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Andersen
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reimar W Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Hornemann T. Mini review: Lipids in Peripheral Nerve Disorders. Neurosci Lett 2020; 740:135455. [PMID: 33166639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells whose fundamental functions are to receive, conduct and transmit signals. In bilateral animals, the nervous system is divided into the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system. The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Sensory axons can be up to 3 feet in length. Because of its long-reaching and complex structure, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is exposed and vulnerable to many genetic, metabolic and environmental predispositions. Lipids and lipid intermediates are essential components of nerves. About 50 % of the brain dry weight consist of lipids, which makes it the second highest lipid rich tissue after adipose tissue. However, the role of lipids in neurological disorders in particular of the peripheral nerves is not well understood. This review aims to provide an overview about the role of lipids in the disorders of the PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital and University Zurich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Chakraborty N, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Miller SA, Condlin ML, Jett M, Scrimgeour AG. TBI weight-drop model with variable impact heights differentially perturbs hippocampus-cerebellum specific transcriptomic profile. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113516. [PMID: 33172833 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The degree of brain injury is the governing factor for the magnitude of the patient's psycho- and physiological deficits post-injury, and the associated long-term consequences. The present scaling method used to segregate the patients among mild, moderate and severe phases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has major limitations; however, a more continuous stratification of TBI is still elusive. With the anticipation that differentiating molecular markers could be the backbone of a robust method to triage TBI, we used a modified closed-head injury (CHI) Marmarou model with two impact heights (IH). By definition, IH directly correlates with the impact force causing TBI. In our modified CHI model, the rat skull was fitted with a helmet to permit a diffuse axonal injury. With the frontal cortex as the focal point of injury, the adjacent brain regions (hippocampus, HC and cerebellum, CB) were susceptible to diffuse secondary shock injury. At 8 days post injury (po.i.), rats impacted by 120 cm IH (IH120) took a longer time to find an escape route in the Barnes maze as compared to those impacted by 100 cm IH (IH100). Using a time-resolved interrogation of the transcriptomic landscape of HC and CB tissues, we mined those genes that altered their regulations in correlation with the variable IHs. At 14 days po.i., when all rats demonstrated nearly normal visuomotor performance, the bio-functional analysis suggested an advanced healing mechanism in the HC of IH100 group. In contrast, the HC of IH120 group displayed a delayed healing with evidence of active cell death networks. Combining whole genome rat microarrays with behavioral analysis provided the insight of neuroprotective signals that could be the foundation of the next generation triage for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Geneva Foundation, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America; Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America.
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America; ORISE, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Condlin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Angus G Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760, United States of America
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31
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Avraham O, Deng PY, Jones S, Kuruvilla R, Semenkovich CF, Klyachko VA, Cavalli V. Satellite glial cells promote regenerative growth in sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4891. [PMID: 32994417 PMCID: PMC7524726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensory neurons regenerate their axon after nerve injury to enable functional recovery. Intrinsic mechanisms operating in sensory neurons are known to regulate nerve repair, but whether satellite glial cells (SGC), which completely envelop the neuronal soma, contribute to nerve regeneration remains unexplored. Using a single cell RNAseq approach, we reveal that SGC are distinct from Schwann cells and share similarities with astrocytes. Nerve injury elicits changes in the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) signaling. Conditional deletion of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in SGC impairs axon regeneration. The PPARα agonist fenofibrate rescues the impaired axon regeneration in mice lacking Fasn in SGC. These results indicate that PPARα activity downstream of FASN in SGC contributes to promote axon regeneration in adult peripheral nerves and highlight that the sensory neuron and its surrounding glial coat form a functional unit that orchestrates nerve repair. The contribution of satellite glia to peripheral nerve regeneration is unclear. Here, the authors show that satellite glia are transcriptionally distinct from Schwann cells, share similarities with astrocytes, and, upon injury, they contribute to axon regeneration via Fasn-PPARα signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pan-Yue Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sara Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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32
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Jende JME, Kender Z, Rother C, Alvarez-Ramos L, Groener JB, Pham M, Morgenstern J, Oikonomou D, Hahn A, Juerchott A, Kollmer J, Heiland S, Kopf S, Nawroth PP, Bendszus M, Kurz FT. Diabetic Polyneuropathy Is Associated With Pathomorphological Changes in Human Dorsal Root Ganglia: A Study Using 3T MR Neurography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:570744. [PMID: 33100960 PMCID: PMC7546893 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.570744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most severe and yet most poorly understood complications of diabetes mellitus. In vivo imaging of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), a key structure for the understanding of DPN, has been restricted to animal studies. These have shown a correlation of decreased DRG volume with neuropathic symptom severity. Our objective was to investigate correlations of DRG morphology and signal characteristics at 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) with clinical and serological data in diabetic patients with and without DPN. In this cross-sectional study, participants underwent 3T MRN of both L5 DRG using an isotropic 3D T2-weighted, fat-suppressed sequence with subsequent segmentation of DRG volume and analysis of normalized signal properties. Overall, 55 diabetes patients (66 ± 9 years; 32 men; 30 with DPN) took part in this study. DRG volume was smaller in patients with severe DPN when compared to patients with mild or moderate DPN (134.7 ± 21.86 vs 170.1 ± 49.22; p = 0.040). In DPN patients, DRG volume was negatively correlated with the neuropathy disability score (r = −0.43; 95%CI = −0.66 to −0.14; p = 0.02), a measure of neuropathy severity. DRG volume showed negative correlations with triglycerides (r = −0.40; 95%CI = −0.57 to −0.19; p = 0.006), and LDL cholesterol (r = −0.33; 95%CI = −0.51 to −0.11; p = 0.04). There was a strong positive correlation of normalized MR signal intensity (SI) with the neuropathy symptom score in the subgroup of patients with painful DPN (r = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.46 to 0.93; p = 0.005). DRG SI was positively correlated with HbA1c levels (r = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.09 to 0.50; p = 0.03) and the triglyceride/HDL ratio (r = 0.40; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.57; p = 0.007). In this first in vivo study, we found DRG morphological degeneration and signal increase in correlation with neuropathy severity. This elucidates the potential importance of MR-based DRG assessments in studying structural and functional changes in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann M E Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rother
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Alvarez-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan B Groener
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Medicover Neuroendokrinologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Oikonomou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artur Hahn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Juerchott
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center of Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Institute for Diabetes and Cancer at Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Kiyoshi C, Tedeschi A. Axon growth and synaptic function: A balancing act for axonal regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in CNS trauma and disease. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:277-301. [PMID: 32902152 PMCID: PMC7754183 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate inside out due to intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants. During CNS development, axon growth, synapse formation, and function are tightly regulated processes allowing immature neurons to effectively grow an axon, navigate toward target areas, form synaptic contacts and become part of information processing networks that control behavior in adulthood. Not only immature neurons are able to precisely control the expression of a plethora of genes necessary for axon extension and pathfinding, synapse formation and function, but also non-neuronal cells such as astrocytes and microglia actively participate in sculpting the nervous system through refinement, consolidation, and elimination of synaptic contacts. Recent evidence indicates that a balancing act between axon regeneration and synaptic function may be crucial for rebuilding functional neuronal circuits after CNS trauma and disease in adulthood. Here, we review the role of classical and new intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants in the context of CNS development, injury, and disease. Moreover, we discuss strategies targeting neuronal and non-neuronal cell behaviors, either alone or in combination, to promote axon regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Kiyoshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Discovery Theme on Chronic Brain Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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34
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Hasmatali JCD, De Guzman J, Zhai R, Yang L, McLean NA, Hutchinson C, Johnston JM, Misra V, Verge VMK. Axotomy Induces Phasic Alterations in Luman/CREB3 Expression and Nuclear Localization in Injured and Contralateral Uninjured Sensory Neurons: Correlation With Intrinsic Axon Growth Capacity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:348-364. [PMID: 30863858 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Luman/CREB3 is an important early retrograde axotomy signal regulating acute axon outgrowth in sensory neurons through the adaptive unfolded protein response. As the injury response is transcriptionally multiphasic, a spatiotemporal analysis of Luman/CREB3 localization in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with unilateral L4-L6 spinal nerve injury was conducted to determine if Luman/CREB3 expression was similarly regulated. Biphasic alterations in Luman/CREB3 immunofluorescence and nuclear localization occurred in neurons ipsilateral to 1-hour, 1-day, 2-day, 4-day, and 1-week injury, with a largely parallel, but less avid response contralaterally. This biphasic response was not observed at the transcript level. To assess whether changes in neuronal Luman expression corresponded with an altered intrinsic capacity to grow an axon/neurite in vitro, injury-conditioned and contralateral uninjured DRG neurons underwent a 24-hour axon growth assay. Two-day injury-conditioned neurons exhibited maximal outgrowth capacity relative to naïve, declining at later injury-conditioned timepoints. Only neurons contralateral to 1-week injury exhibited significantly higher axon growth capacity than naïve. In conclusion, alterations in neuronal injury-associated Luman/CREB3 expression support that a multiphasic cell body response occurs and reveal a novel contralateral plasticity in axon growth capacity at 1-week post-injury. These adaptive responses have the potential to inform when repair or therapeutic intervention may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan C D Hasmatali
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jolly De Guzman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Ruiling Zhai
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Lisa Yang
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Nikki A McLean
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Jayne M Johnston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
| | - Vikram Misra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology.,Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center
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35
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Rodríguez-Berdini L, Ferrero GO, Bustos Plonka F, Cardozo Gizzi AM, Prucca CG, Quiroga S, Caputto BL. The moonlighting protein c-Fos activates lipid synthesis in neurons, an activity that is critical for cellular differentiation and cortical development. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8808-8818. [PMID: 32385110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of neuronal cells is crucial for the development and function of the nervous system. This process involves high rates of membrane expansion, during which the synthesis of membrane lipids must be tightly regulated. In this work, using a variety of molecular and biochemical assays and approaches, including immunofluorescence microscopy and FRET analyses, we demonstrate that the proto-oncogene c-Fos (c-Fos) activates cytoplasmic lipid synthesis in the central nervous system and thereby supports neuronal differentiation. Specifically, in hippocampal primary cultures, blocking c-Fos expression or its activity impairs neuronal differentiation. When examining its subcellular localization, we found that c-Fos co-localizes with endoplasmic reticulum markers and strongly interacts with lipid-synthesizing enzymes, whose activities were markedly increased in vitro in the presence of recombinant c-Fos. Of note, the expression of c-Fos dominant-negative variants capable of blocking its lipid synthesis-activating activity impaired neuronal differentiation. Moreover, using an in utero electroporation model, we observed that neurons with blocked c-Fos expression or lacking its AP-1-independent activity fail to initiate cortical development. These results highlight the importance of c-Fos-mediated activation of lipid synthesis for proper nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodríguez-Berdini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Orlando Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florentyna Bustos Plonka
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Mauricio Cardozo Gizzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César Germán Prucca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Leonor Caputto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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36
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Loving BA, Bruce KD. Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Microglia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:393. [PMID: 32411016 PMCID: PMC7198855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, once viewed as static bystanders with limited homeostatic functions, are now considered key players in the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial activation is a salient feature of neuroinflammation involving a dynamic process that generates multitudinous microglial phenotypes that can respond to a variety of situational cues in the central nervous system. Recently, a flurry of single cell RNA-sequencing studies have defined microglial phenotypes in unprecedented detail, and have highlighted robust changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Increased expression of genes such as Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in microglia during development, damage, and disease, suggest that increased lipid metabolism is needed to fuel protective cellular functions such as phagocytosis. This review describes our current understanding of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in microglia, and highlights microglial lipid metabolism as a modifiable target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. Loving
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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37
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Tensaouti Y, Yu TS, Kernie SG. Apolipoprotein E regulates the maturation of injury-induced adult-born hippocampal neurons following traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229240. [PMID: 32119690 PMCID: PMC7051085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various brain injuries lead to the activation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the mammalian hippocampus. Subsequent injury-induced neurogenesis appears to be essential for at least some aspects of the innate recovery in cognitive function observed following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has previously been established that Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a regulatory role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which is of particular interest as the presence of the human ApoE isoform ApoE4 leads to significant risk for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, where impaired neurogenesis has been linked with disease progression. Moreover, genetically modified mice lacking ApoE or expressing the ApoE4 human isoform have been shown to impair adult hippocampal neurogenesis under normal conditions. Here, we investigate how controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury affects dentate gyrus development using hippocampal stereotactic injections of GFP-expressing retroviruses in wild-type (WT), ApoE-deficient and humanized (ApoE3 and ApoE4) mice. Infected adult-born hippocampal neurons were morphologically analyzed once fully mature, revealing significant attenuation of dendritic complexity and spine density in mice lacking ApoE or expressing the human ApoE4 allele, which may help inform how ApoE influences neurological diseases where neurogenesis is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Tensaouti
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tzong-Shiue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
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38
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Rewiring Neuronal Glycerolipid Metabolism Determines the Extent of Axon Regeneration. Neuron 2019; 105:276-292.e5. [PMID: 31786011 PMCID: PMC6975164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
How adult neurons coordinate lipid metabolism to regenerate axons remains elusive. We found that depleting neuronal lipin1, a key enzyme controlling the balanced synthesis of glycerolipids through the glycerol phosphate pathway, enhanced axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Axotomy elevated lipin1 in retinal ganglion cells, which contributed to regeneration failure in the CNS by favorably producing triglyceride (TG) storage lipids rather than phospholipid (PL) membrane lipids in neurons. Regrowth induced by lipin1 depletion required TG hydrolysis and PL synthesis. Decreasing TG synthesis by deleting neuronal diglyceride acyltransferases (DGATs) and enhancing PL synthesis through the Kennedy pathway promoted axon regeneration. In addition, peripheral neurons adopted this mechanism for their spontaneous axon regeneration. Our study reveals a critical role of lipin1 and DGATs as intrinsic regulators of glycerolipid metabolism in neurons and indicates that directing neuronal lipid synthesis away from TG synthesis and toward PL synthesis may promote axon regeneration. Injury-elevated Lipin1 and DGAT in retinal ganglion cells suppress regeneration Neuronal lipin1 and DGATs increase triglyceride and decrease phospholipids Redirecting triacylglyceride to phospholipid synthesis promotes axon regeneration
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39
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Pinçon A, De Montgolfier O, Akkoyunlu N, Daneault C, Pouliot P, Villeneuve L, Lesage F, Levy BI, Thorin-Trescases N, Thorin É, Ruiz M. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and the Underlying Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism, Reveals Brain Hypoperfusion and Contributes to the Cognitive Decline in APP/PS1 Mice. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050104. [PMID: 31130652 PMCID: PMC6572466 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the leading cause of chronic liver disease, is associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not clear. We hypothesized that NAFLD would unveil the appearance of brain hypoperfusion in association with altered plasma and brain lipid metabolism. To test our hypothesis, amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat, cholesterol and cholate diet, inducing NAFLD without obesity and hyperglycemia. The diet-induced NAFLD disturbed monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs, PUFAs) metabolism in the plasma, liver, and brain, and particularly reduced n-3 PUFAs levels. These alterations in lipid homeostasis were associated in the brain with an increased expression of Tnfα, Cox2, p21, and Nox2, reminiscent of brain inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. In addition, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, while brain perfusion was similar in APP/PS1 mice fed with a chow diet, NAFLD in APP/PS1 mice reveals cerebral hypoperfusion and furthered cognitive decline. NAFLD reduced plasma β40- and β42-amyloid levels and altered hepatic but not brain expression of genes involved in β-amyloid peptide production and clearance. Altogether, our results suggest that in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) diet-induced NAFLD contributes to the development and progression of brain abnormalities through unbalanced brain MUFAs and PUFAs metabolism and cerebral hypoperfusion, irrespective of brain amyloid pathology that may ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Pinçon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Olivia De Montgolfier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Nilay Akkoyunlu
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Caroline Daneault
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Bernard I Levy
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France.
| | | | - Éric Thorin
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Medecine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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40
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Rodríguez-Berdini L, Caputto BL. Lipid Metabolism in Neurons: A Brief Story of a Novel c-Fos-Dependent Mechanism for the Regulation of Their Synthesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:198. [PMID: 31133814 PMCID: PMC6514095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that coordinately regulate lipid synthesis in the nervous system together with the high rates of membrane biogenesis needed to support cell growth are largely unknown as are their subcellular site of synthesis. c-Fos, a well-known AP-1 transcription factor, has emerged as a unique protein with the capacity to associate to specific enzymes of the pathway of synthesis of phospholipids at the endoplasmic reticulum and activate their synthesis to accompany genomic decisions of growth. Herein, we discuss this effect of c-Fos in the context of neuronal differentiation and also with respect to pathologies of the nervous system such as the development and growth of tumors. We also provide insights into the sub-cellular sites where this regulation occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and the molecular mechanism by which c-Fos exerts this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodríguez-Berdini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz L Caputto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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41
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Jende JME, Groener JB, Rother C, Kender Z, Hahn A, Hilgenfeld T, Juerchott A, Preisner F, Heiland S, Kopf S, Pham M, Nawroth P, Bendszus M, Kurz FT. Association of Serum Cholesterol Levels With Peripheral Nerve Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e194798. [PMID: 31150078 PMCID: PMC6547108 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lowering serum cholesterol levels is a well-established treatment for dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, nerve lesions in patients with T2D increase with lower serum cholesterol levels, suggesting that lowering serum cholesterol levels is associated with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with T2D. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there is an association between serum cholesterol levels and peripheral nerve lesions in patients with T2D with and without DPN. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This single-center, cross-sectional, prospective cohort study was performed from June 1, 2015, to March 31, 2018. Observers were blinded to clinical data. A total of 256 participants were approached, of whom 156 were excluded. A total of 100 participants consented to undergo magnetic resonance neurography of the right leg at the Department of Neuroradiology and clinical, serologic, and electrophysiologic assessment at the Department of Endocrinology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. EXPOSURES Quantification of the nerve's diameter and lipid equivalent lesion (LEL) load with a subsequent analysis of all acquired clinical and serologic data with use of 3.0-T magnetic resonance neurography of the right leg with 3-dimensional reconstruction of the sciatic nerve. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was lesion load and extension. Secondary outcomes were clinical, serologic, and electrophysiologic findings. RESULTS A total of 100 participants with T2D (mean [SD] age, 64.6 [0.9] years; 68 [68.0%] male) participated in the study. The LEL load correlated positively with the nerve's mean cross-sectional area (r = 0.44; P < .001) and the maximum length of a lesion (r = 0.71; P < .001). The LEL load was negatively associated with total serum cholesterol level (r = -0.41; P < .001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r = -0.30; P = .006), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r = -0.33; P = .003), nerve conduction velocities of the tibial (r = -0.33; P = .01) and peroneal (r = -0.51; P < .001) nerves, and nerve conduction amplitudes of the tibial (r = -0.31; P = .02) and peroneal (r = -0.28; P = .03) nerves. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that lowering serum cholesterol levels in patients with T2D and DPN is associated with a higher amount of nerve lesions and declining nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes. These findings may be relevant to emerging therapies that promote an aggressive lowering of serum cholesterol levels in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann M. E. Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan B. Groener
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rother
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artur Hahn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Hilgenfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Juerchott
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Preisner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T. Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Revin VV, Pinyaev SI, Parchaykina MV, Revina ES, Maksimov GV, Kuzmenko TP. The Effect of Resveratrol on the Composition and State of Lipids and the Activity of Phospholipase A 2 During the Excitation and Regeneration of Somatic Nerves. Front Physiol 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 31057413 PMCID: PMC6482430 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that in the somatic nerve's lipids, both during excitation and transection, changes occur with the composition of individual phospholipids and in phospholipids fatty acids, which changes the phase state of the myelin and nerve fiber axolemma lipid bilayer. A main contribution in the nerve degenerative processes is dependent on the composition phospholipid's fatty acid changes during the activation of both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 forms. At the same time, we studded changes in phosphoinisitol (PI) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which depend on the phosphoinositide cycle function during nerve excitation and degeneration processes. It was found that myelin lipids and nerve fiber axolemmas are involved not only in the functioning of the peripheral nerves, but also the pathological processes underlying deep functional and structural disorders. The effect of resveratrol on regeneration processes in the damaged rat sciatic nerve has also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vasilevich Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanovich Pinyaev
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Marina Vladimirovna Parchaykina
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Elvira Sergeevna Revina
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana Pavlovna Kuzmenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
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Abstract
Dementia is a complex clinical syndrome characterised by progressive decline in cognitive function. It usually presents itself as impairment in memory, loss of judgement, abstract thinking and other disturbances that are severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living. It has long been considered as one of the major challenges at present posing an ever-increasing demand on global health and social care systems. Of all the different forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common. The term non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA sequences which do not have the ability to be translated into proteins and therefore mainly fall within the realm of the recently acknowledged ‘dark matter’ of the genome. This genomic dark matter encompasses a whole spectrum of differing ncRNA families such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), to name but a few. Consequently, due to the widespread influences of miRNAs and lncRNAs across all disease pathways, it is of critical importance for researchers in the field of dementia to focus their attention on possible ncRNA-induced pathogeneses, with the ultimate goal of identifying novel diagnostic procedures and drug targets, together with the development of novel therapies to control such a devastating mental condition in the patient population.
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ApoE Regulates the Development of Adult Newborn Hippocampal Neurons. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0155-18. [PMID: 30079373 PMCID: PMC6072333 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0155-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs throughout life and is believed to participate in cognitive functions such as learning and memory. A number of genes that regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been identified, although most of these have been implicated in progenitor proliferation and survival, but not in the development into fully differentiated neurons. Among these genes, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is particularly compelling because the human ApoE isoform E4 is a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, where hippocampal neurogenesis is reported to be dysfunctional. To investigate the effects of ApoE and its human isoforms on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal development, retroviruses carrying a GFP-expressing vector were injected into wild-type (WT), ApoE-deficient, and human targeted replacement (ApoE3 and ApoE4) mice to infect progenitors in the dentate gyrus and analyze the morphology of fully developed GFP-expressing neurons. Analysis of these adult-born neurons revealed significant decreases in the complexity of dendritic arborizations and spine density in ApoE-deficient mice compared with WT mice, as well as in ApoE4 mice compared with ApoE3. These findings demonstrate that ApoE deficiency and the ApoE4 human isoform both impair hippocampal neurogenesis and give insight into how ApoE may influence hippocampal-related neurological diseases.
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Ahmad S, Bannister C, Lee SJ, Vojinovic D, Adams HH, Ramirez A, Escott‐Price V, Sims R, Baker E, Williams J, Holmans P, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Amin N, Duijn CM. Disentangling the biological pathways involved in early features of Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:848-857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christian Bannister
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven J. Lee
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dina Vojinovic
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hieab H.H. Adams
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Hospital CologneCologneGermany
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Valentina Escott‐Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sims
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Baker
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. Duijn
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Sugiyama E, Yao I, Setou M. Visualization of local phosphatidylcholine synthesis within hippocampal neurons using a compartmentalized culture system and imaging mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1048-1054. [PMID: 29162450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurons extend neurites with an increased synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) that is not only a membrane component but also a functional regulator with specific fatty acid composition. To analyze the local synthesis of the PC molecular species within neurons, we combined a compartmentalized culture system with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). We observed that a newly synthesized PC, which contains exogenously administered palmitic acid-d3, is accumulated at the cell bodies and the tips of the distal neurites. The local accumulation within distal neurites is formed by distinct metabolic activity from cell bodies, suggesting that the local extracellular composition of free fatty acid can be a key to regulate specific functions of each PC molecular species. We expect our simple method to be a starting point for more sophisticated in vitro analytical methods for unveiling detailed lipid metabolisms within neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; International Mass Imaging Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Yao
- International Mass Imaging Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Optical Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; International Mass Imaging Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 6/F, William MW Mong Block 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Cornejo VH, Luarte A, Couve A. Global and local mechanisms sustain axonal proteostasis of transmembrane proteins. Traffic 2017; 18:255-266. [PMID: 28220989 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The control of neuronal protein homeostasis or proteostasis is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally, assuring accurate and integrated responses to external or intrinsic stimuli. Local or autonomous responses in dendritic and axonal compartments are crucial to sustain function during development, physiology and in response to damage or disease. Axons are responsible for generating and propagating electrical impulses in neurons, and the establishment and maintenance of their molecular composition are subject to extreme constraints exerted by length and size. Proteins that require the secretory pathway, such as receptors, transporters, ion channels or cell adhesion molecules, are fundamental for axonal function, but whether axons regulate their abundance autonomously and how they achieve this is not clear. Evidence supports the role of three complementary mechanisms to maintain proteostasis of these axonal proteins, namely vesicular transport, local translation and trafficking and transfer from supporting cells. Here, we review these mechanisms, their molecular machineries and contribution to neuronal function. We also examine the signaling pathways involved in local translation and their role during development and nerve injury. We discuss the relative contributions of a transport-controlled proteome directed by the soma (global regulation) versus a local-controlled proteome based on local translation or cell transfer (local regulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hugo Cornejo
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Couve
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Kunze A, Murray CT, Godzich C, Lin J, Owsley K, Tay A, Di Carlo D. Modulating motility of intracellular vesicles in cortical neurons with nanomagnetic forces on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:842-854. [PMID: 28164203 PMCID: PMC5400667 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle transport is a major underlying mechanism of cell communication. Inhibiting vesicle transport in brain cells results in blockage of neuronal signals, even in intact neuronal networks. Modulating intracellular vesicle transport can have a huge impact on the development of new neurotherapeutic concepts, but only if we can specifically interfere with intracellular transport patterns. Here, we propose to modulate motion of intracellular lipid vesicles in rat cortical neurons based on exogenously bioconjugated and cell internalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) within microengineered magnetic gradients on-chip. Upon application of 6-126 pN on intracellular vesicles in neuronal cells, we explored how the magnetic force stimulus impacts the motion pattern of vesicles at various intracellular locations without modulating the entire cell morphology. Altering vesicle dynamics was quantified using, mean square displacement, a caging diameter and the total traveled distance. We observed a de-acceleration of intercellular vesicle motility, while applying nanomagnetic forces to cultured neurons with SPIONs, which can be explained by a decrease in motility due to opposing magnetic force direction. Ultimately, using nanomagnetic forces inside neurons may permit us to stop the mis-sorting of intracellular organelles, proteins and cell signals, which have been associated with cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, nanomagnetic force applications will allow us to wirelessly guide axons and dendrites by exogenously using permanent magnetic field gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kunze
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
| | - Coleman Tylor Murray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Chanya Godzich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Keegan Owsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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49
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Yi S, Zhang H, Gong L, Wu J, Zha G, Zhou S, Gu X, Yu B. Deep Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis of Lesioned Sciatic Nerves after Crush Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143491. [PMID: 26629691 PMCID: PMC4668002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerve system has an intrinsic regenerative capacity in response to traumatic injury. To better understand the molecular events occurring after peripheral nerve injury, in the current study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was used. Injured nerves harvested at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days post injury were subjected to deep RNA sequencing for examining global gene expression changes. According to the temporally differential expression patterns of a huge number of genes, 3 distinct phases were defined within the post-injury period of 14 days: the acute, sub-acute, and post-acute stages. Each stage showed its own characteristics of gene expression, which were associated with different categories of diseases and biological functions and canonical pathways. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that genes involved in inflammation and immune response were significantly up-regulated in the acute phase, and genes involved in cellular movement, development, and morphology were up-regulated in the sub-acute stage, while the up-regulated genes in the post-acute phase were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton reorganization, and nerve regeneration. All the data obtained in the current study may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve regeneration from the perspective of gene regulation, and to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiancheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangbin Zha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Hong S, Washington PM, Kim A, Yang CP, Yu TS, Kernie SG. Apolipoprotein E Regulates Injury-Induced Activation of Hippocampal Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:362-74. [PMID: 25905575 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial recovery from even severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is ubiquitous and occurs largely through unknown mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) activation and subsequent neurogenesis are responsible for at least some aspects of spontaneous recovery following TBI. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampus and is therefore a putative mediator of injury-induced neurogenesis. Further, ApoE isoforms in humans are associated with different cognitive outcomes following TBI. To investigate the role of ApoE in injury-induced neurogenesis, we exposed wild-type, ApoE-deficient, and human ApoE isoform-specific (ApoE3 and ApoE4) transgenic mice crossed with nestin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and assessed progenitor activation at 2 d post-injury using unbiased stereology. GFP+ progenitor cells were increased by approximately 120% in the ipsilateral hippocampus in injured wild-type mice, compared with sham mice (p<0.01). Co-localization of GFP+ cells with bromodeoxyrudine (BrdU) to label dividing cells indicated increased proliferation of progenitors in the injured hippocampus (p<0.001). This proliferative injury response was absent in ApoE-deficient mice, as no increase in GFP+ cells was observed in the injured hippocampus, compared with sham mice, despite an overall increase in proliferation indicated by increased BrdU+ cells (86%; p<0.05). CCI-induced proliferation of GFP+ cells in both ApoE3 and ApoE4 mice but the overall response was attenuated in ApoE4 mice due to fewer GFP+ cells at baseline. We demonstrate that ApoE is required for injury-induced proliferation of NSPCs after experimental TBI, and that this response is influenced by human APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Hong
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York
| | - Patricia M Washington
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York
| | - Ahleum Kim
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York
| | - Cui-Ping Yang
- 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tzong-Shiue Yu
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York
| | - Steven G Kernie
- 1 Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York
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