1
|
Giulbudagian M, Battisini B, Bäumler W, Blass Rico AM, Bocca B, Brungs C, Famele M, Foerster M, Gutsche B, Houben V, Hauri U, Karpienko K, Karst U, Katz LM, Kluger N, Serup J, Schreiver I, Schubert S, van der Bent SAS, Wolf C, Luch A, Laux P. Lessons learned in a decade: Medical-toxicological view of tattooing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1926-1938. [PMID: 38709160 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Tattooing has been part of the human culture for thousands of years, yet only in the past decades has it entered the mainstream of the society. With the rise in popularity, tattoos also gained attention among researchers, with the aim to better understand the health risks posed by their application. 'A medical-toxicological view of tattooing'-a work published in The Lancet almost a decade ago, resulted from the international collaboration of various experts in the field. Since then, much understanding has been achieved regarding adverse effects, treatment of complications, as well as their regulation for improving public health. Yet major knowledge gaps remain. This review article results from the Second International Conference on Tattoo Safety hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) and provides a glimpse from the medical-toxicological perspective, regulatory strategies and advances in the analysis of tattoo inks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giulbudagian
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Battisini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Blass Rico
- European Commission, DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (GROW), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Corinna Brungs
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Famele
- National Centre for Chemicals, Cosmetic Products and Consumer's Health Protection - Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Birgit Gutsche
- Karlsruhe Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Authority, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Urs Hauri
- Kanton Basel-Stadt, Kantonales Laboratorium, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Karpienko
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication, and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linda M Katz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- "Tattoo Consultation", Department of Dermatology, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
- EADV Tattoo and Body Art Task Force, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jørgen Serup
- Department of Dermatology, the Tattoo Clinic, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ines Schreiver
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology - IVDK, Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Carina Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lebhar J, Jacobs J, Rundle C, Kaplan SJ, Mosca PJ. Skin cancers arising within tattoos: A systematic review. JAAD Int 2024; 16:133-143. [PMID: 38957835 PMCID: PMC11217691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tattooing is a widespread practice and has increased in popularity over time. Many lesions have been described in relation to tattoos, including malignant tumors. Objectives The primary goal of this review is to determine whether the frequency of published cases of skin cancers within tattoos has been increasing over time. Methods Our review is in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and reporting criteria. The databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Elsevier, and Scopus via Elsevier were searched from inception to February 23, 2023. No data or publication date limits were imposed. Results Our review identified 160 cases of cutaneous tumors arising within tattoos. An increase in published cases over time was observed. Most reported tumors developed within red tattoo pigment (36.9%), with the largest contribution by squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma lesions. Limitations There was a lack of consistency of information in published case reports which limited the scope of our analysis. Small sample size was also a limitation of this review. Conclusions With the increased popularity of tattoos, it is helpful to continue reporting cases of cutaneous malignancies within tattoos. Awareness of the frequency and severity of tumors within tattoos may be communicated to the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Lebhar
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Chandler Rundle
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha J. Kaplan
- Duke University Medical Center Library & Archives, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul J. Mosca
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alsing KK, Johannesen HH, Hansen RH, Mårtensson NL, Persson DP, Qvortrup K, Wulf HC, Lerche CM. Biodistribution of iron oxide tattoo pigment: An experimental murine study. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15183. [PMID: 39304341 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tattoo pigment is expected to migrate beyond the skin to regional lymph nodes and the liver. Modern tattoo ink commonly contains metals that may pose a clinical problem during MRI examinations. This study aimed to investigate the biodistribution of iron oxide pigment to internal organs in mice. Moreover, when exposed to a static magnetic field, we studied whether any reactions followed in the tattooed skin. Twenty-seven hairless C3.Cg-Hrhr/TifBomTac mice were included; 20 were tattooed with iron oxide ink in a rectangular 3 cm2 pattern; seven were controls. Ten of the tattooed mice were exposed to a 3 T MRI scanner's static magnetic field. Following euthanasia, evaluations of dissected organs involved MRI T2*-mapping, light microscopy (LM) and metal analysis. T2*-mapping measures the relaxation times of hydrogen nuclei in water and fat, which may be affected by neighbouring ferrimagnetic particles, thus enabling the detection of iron oxide particles in organs. Elemental analysis detected a significant level of metals in the tattooed skin compared to controls, but no skin reactions occurred when exposed to a 3 T static magnetic field. No disparity was observed in the liver samples with metal analysis. T2* mapping found no significant difference between the two groups. Only minute clusters of pigment particles were observed in the liver by LM. Our results demonstrate a minimal systemic distribution of the iron oxide pigments to the liver, whereas the kidney and brain were unaffected. The static magnetic field did not trigger skin reactions in magnetic tattoos but may induce image artefacts during MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Køhler Alsing
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Wound Healing Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Hjorth Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hvass Hansen
- Section for Radiation Therapy, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Løth Mårtensson
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina Margrethe Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Falcón González A, Gallegos Sancho MI, González Flores E, Galve Calvo E, Ruiz Vozmediano J, Domingo García P, López Martos R, Sánchez Rivas E, Iglesias Urraca CM, Gómez Calvo AI, De Mariscal Polo A, Ramos-Medina R, Rivero M, Martínez Marín V. Beyond cancer treatment: dermo-aesthetic and other wellness recommendations for breast cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03636-9. [PMID: 39210207 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a prevalent malignancy among women, has various physical and psychological impacts. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth look at multidisciplinary dermo-aesthetic intervention approaches, emphasizing the balance between oncological therapies and the management of these effects. The information presented spans specialties such as aesthetic medicine, plastic surgery, dermatology, physiotherapy, nutrition, odontology, and gynecology. This review, which serves as a clinical guide, aims to establish a safe protocol for non-medical interventions involving oncologists, physicians, and specialists from various areas in patients with breast cancer focused on improving their quality of life. This work offers personalized and integrative care strategies for the eradication of cancer. However, it is still necessary for patients to consult with their oncologist before undergoing any dermo aesthetic treatment. However, it is still necessary for patients to consult with their oncologist before undergoing any dermo aesthetic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Falcón González
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot, S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Encarnación González Flores
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, Beiro, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Galve Calvo
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Osakidetza, Av. Montevideo, 18, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz Vozmediano
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, Beiro, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Paloma Domingo García
- Director of the Vodder Physiotherapy Center, Calle Ayala, 48. 1º Izq., 28001, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo López Martos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot, S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carmen María Iglesias Urraca
- Plastic Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, P.º de la Castellana, 261, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Gómez Calvo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital General de Segovia, Luis Erik Clavería Street, 40002, Segovia, Spain
| | - Amaia De Mariscal Polo
- Dermatology Service, Basurto University Hospital, Montevideo Etorb., 18, Basurtu-Zorrotza, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Maria Rivero
- Medical Department, Pfizer Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez Marín
- Medical Oncology Service, La Paz University Hospital, P.º de la Castellana, 261, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kassirer S, Marini L, Zachary CB, Sarnoff DS, Landau M. Esthetic and medical tattooing: Part I: Tattooing techniques, implications, and adverse effects in healthy populations and special groups. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00964-2. [PMID: 38980248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tattooing, the introduction of exogenous pigments into the skin, has a rich history spanning thousands of years, with cultural, cosmetic, and medical significance. With the increasing prevalence of tattoos, understanding their potential complications and contraindications is of growing importance. The most common complications are hypersensitivity reactions, which may vary in morphology and timing. Infectious complications are often due to inadequate aseptic and hygienic practices during the tattooing process or healing period. Tattoo pigment can present diagnostic challenges, affecting cancer diagnosis and imaging. This CME article explores the history, cultural significance, epidemiology, chemistry, technique, contraindications, and complications of tattoos. Appreciating these factors can help individuals considering tattoos understand the safety and potential risks of their body art, and provide physicians with a thorough understanding of tattooing if consulted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kassirer
- American Medical Program, Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leonardo Marini
- Diplomate General Surgery and Dermatology, Medical and Scientific Director, SDC The Skin Doctors Center, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Deborah S Sarnoff
- Clinical Professor, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chalarca-Cañas D, Caviedes-Cleves MA, Correa-Londoño LA, Ospina-Gómez JP, Velásquez-Lopera MM. Tattoos: risks and complications, clinical and histopathological approach. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:491-502. [PMID: 38521707 PMCID: PMC11221160 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. METHODS An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. RESULTS Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. CONCLUSIONS Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chalarca-Cañas
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Luis A Correa-Londoño
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghafari G, Newcomer J, Rigali S, Liszewski W. Permanent makeup: A review of its technique, regulation, and complications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00848-X. [PMID: 38901732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Permanent makeup (PMU) is a popular form of tattooing used to replace or enhance the use of daily makeup. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of PMU, with a particular focus on its use, regulation, and potential complications reported in the literature. In the United States, there is significant variation in the regulation and training required to perform PMU. Adverse outcomes of PMU include infectious, allergic, and inflammatory complications. These complications may be more common if proper hygiene and aftercare practices are not followed. Cosmetically, PMU may shift or have an altered appearance if the underlying skin is treated with cosmetic fillers or local anesthetics. Given the popularity of PMU and its cosmetic uses, dermatologists should be aware of the PMU industry, potential complications, and how best to manage complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Ghafari
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jack Newcomer
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Sarah Rigali
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nielsen C, Jerkeman M, Jöud AS. Tattoos as a risk factor for malignant lymphoma: a population-based case-control study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 72:102649. [PMID: 38827888 PMCID: PMC11141277 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The popularity of tattoos has increased dramatically over the last few decades. Tattoo ink often contains carcinogenic chemicals, e.g., primary aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. The tattooing process invokes an immunologic response that causes translocation of tattoo ink from the injection site. Deposition of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes has been confirmed but the long-term health effects remain unexplored. We used Swedish National Authority Registers with full population coverage to investigate the association between tattoo exposure and overall malignant lymphoma as well as lymphoma subtypes. Methods We performed a case-control study where we identified all incident cases of malignant lymphoma diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 in individuals aged 20-60 years in the Swedish National Cancer Register. Three random age- and sex-matched controls per case were sampled from the Total Population Register using incidence density sampling. We assessed exposure through a questionnaire in 2021, and data on potential confounders were retrieved from registers. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of malignant lymphoma in tattooed individuals. Findings The study population consisted of 11,905 individuals, and the response rate was 54% among cases (n = 1398) and 47% among controls (n = 4193). The tattoo prevalence was 21% among cases and 18% among controls. Tattooed individuals had a higher adjusted risk of overall lymphoma (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI 0.99-1.48). The risk of lymphoma was highest in individuals with less than two years between their first tattoo and the index year (IRR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.03-3.20). The risk decreased with intermediate exposure duration (three to ten years) but increased again in individuals who received their first tattoo ≥11 years before the index year (IRR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.94-1.50). We found no evidence of increasing risk with a larger area of total tattooed body surface. The risk associated with tattoo exposure seemed to be highest for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (IRR 1.30; 95% CI 0.99-1.71) and follicular lymphoma (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 0.92-1.82). Interpretation Our findings suggested that tattoo exposure was associated with an increased risk of malignant lymphoma. More epidemiologic research is urgently needed to establish causality. Funding The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Saxne Jöud
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang D, Mao Y, Peng L, Huang S, Zhou L, Li C. Four-Leaf Clover Shape Agglomerate Keratoacanthomas: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:921-924. [PMID: 38699406 PMCID: PMC11063467 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s453734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a papule, plaque, or nodule in an exposed area, with a crater-like horn plug in the center. Multiple KAs are rare disorders, especially when the lesions are agglomerated together. Herein, we report a case of 65-year-old man who presented with four red nodules of different sizes on the right side of the chest. The lesions were clustered, with central keratotic cores, similar in appearance to a four-leaf clover. The nodules were completely removed by excisional surgery and the diagnosis of Agglomerate KAs was made based on clinical and pathological results. A 6-year follow-up found no recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingbin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fidanzi C, Mori N, Bevilacqua M, Romanelli M, Dini V, Janowska A. Melanoma Arising on a Nevus After Tattooing. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:358-360. [PMID: 37768803 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic relationship between tattooing and the development of malignant melanoma has not been demonstrated yet, but there are numerous instances documented in the literature where both benign and malignant lesions have developed on tattoos. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with a melanoma that arose on a nevus on the back after tattooing. Since the identification of melanocytes lesions can be heavily hindered by large tattoos, implementing a dedicated screening process with regular monitoring of the tattooed region could be necessary to prevent potential diagnostic delays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Mori
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin C, Marquardt Y, Rütten S, Liao L, Rahimi K, Haraszti T, Baron JM, Bartneck M. Macrophage-like rapid uptake and toxicity of tattoo ink in human monocytes. Immunology 2024; 171:388-401. [PMID: 37964593 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role for the persistence of tattoo ink in human skin. However, a comparison to other skin-resident and blood circulating immune cells and a profound analysis of REACH-compliant tattoo ink are unmet medical needs. We hence characterized the size distribution of ink particles using physicochemical methods. We studied the uptake of tattoo ink by key human skin cells and blood-derived immune cells using optical and electron microscopy as well as flow cytometry. Scanning electron microscopy of ink revealed its crystalline structure, and a tendency towards aggregations was indicated by size changes upon diluting it. Flow cytometric analyses of skin and immune cells after incubation with tattoo ink demonstrated an increase in cellular granularity upon uptake and red ink additionally evoked fluorescent signals. Human macrophages were most potent in internalizing ink in full thickness 3D skin models. Macrophage cultures demonstrated that the ink did not lead to elevated inflammatory mediators, and showed no indications for toxicity, even after nice days. Strikingly, monocytes were most efficient in ink uptake, but displayed reduced viability, whereas granulocytes and lymphocytes showed only temporary ink uptake with flow cytometric signals declining after 1 day. Mechanistic studies on ink retention by corticosteroids or dexpanthenol in macrophage cultures demonstrated that these compounds do not lead to ink excretion, but even slightly increase the ink load in macrophages. The highly motile monocytes, precursors of macrophages, may play an underrated role for tattoo ink translocation from dermal blood vessels into internal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rütten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liangliang Liao
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamas Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bălăceanu-Gurău B, Apostol E, Caraivan M, Ion A, Tatar R, Mihai MM, Popa LG, Gurău CD, Orzan OA. Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated with Tattoos and Permanent Makeup Pigments. J Clin Med 2024; 13:503. [PMID: 38256637 PMCID: PMC10816451 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tattooing is the procedure of implanting permanent pigment granules and additives into the dermal layer of the skin, serving various purposes such as decoration, medical identification, or accidental markings. There has been a significant rise in the popularity of decorative tattooing as a form of body art among both teenagers and young adults. Thus, the incidence of tattoos is increasing, with expanding applications such as permanent makeup, scar camouflage, nipple-areola, lips, and eyebrows tattooing, and utilization in oncological radiotherapy such as colon marking. However, there have been reported a broad range of adverse reactions linked to tattooing, encompassing allergic reactions, superficial and deep cutaneous infections, autoimmune disorders induced by the Koebner phenomenon, cutaneous tumors, and others. These reactions exhibit different onset times for symptoms, ranging from immediate manifestations after tattoo application to symptoms emerging several years later. Given the limited information on a tattoo's side effects, this review aims to elucidate the clinical spectrum of cutaneous complications of tattoos in different patients. The analysis will investigate both allergic and nonallergic clinical presentations of tattoo-related side effects, microscopic findings from skin biopsies, and therapeutic outcomes. This exploration is essential to improve our understanding of tattoo-related cutaneous complications and associated differential diagnoses and highlight the significance of patient awareness regarding potential risks before getting a tattoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bălăceanu-Gurău
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Apostol
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana Ion
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Tatar
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 010621 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Dorin Gurău
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital, 014451 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Olguța Anca Orzan
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (B.B.-G.); (E.A.); (A.I.); (M.M.M.); (L.G.P.); (O.A.O.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kluger N, Badawi A, Laubach HJ, Wolkerstorfer A, Cartier H. Laser tattoo removal and risks of cancer: A joint statement of the EADV tattoo and body art task force, European Society for Lasers and Energy-Based Devices (ESLD) and la Société Française des lasers en Dermatologie. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1354-e1355. [PMID: 37441733 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- "Tattoo" Consultation, Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- EADV Task Force on Tattoos and Body Art, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Badawi
- European Society for Lasers and Energy-Based Devices (ESLD), Paris, France
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Lasers (MAL), National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hans-Joachim Laubach
- European Society for Lasers and Energy-Based Devices (ESLD), Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- European Society for Lasers and Energy-Based Devices (ESLD), Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Hugues Cartier
- EADV Task Force on Tattoos and Body Art, Lugano, Switzerland
- Centre Médical Saint-Jean, Arras, France
- Société Française des Lasers en Dermatologie, Société Française de Dermatologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Negi S, Shukla S, Patel SK, Vikram A, Gaur P, Kamar MD, Pathania D, Kotian SY, Bala M, Rana P, Bala L, Yadav AK, Ray RS, Dwivedi A. Benzo(ghi)perylene (BgP) a black tattoo ingredient induced skin toxicity via direct and indirect mode of DNA damage under UVA irradiation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 379:110508. [PMID: 37150498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tattooing is a very common fashion trend across all the ages and gender of the society worldwide. Although skin inflammatory diseases are very frequent among tattoo users because of the active chemical ingredients used in tattoo ink, yet no ingredient-specific toxicity study has been performed. Benzo(ghi)perylene (BgP) is one of the PAHs and an important ingredient of black tattoo ink that shows strong absorption in UVA and UVB radiation of sunlight. Therefore, understanding the hazardous potential of BgP especially under UVA exposure is important for the safety of skin of tattoo users by considering the fact that penetration of UVA is in the dermis region where tattoo ingredients reside. To evaluate the hazardous potential of BgP on human skin under UVA exposure, different experimental tools i.e., in-chemico, in-silico and in-vitro were utilized. Our results illustrated that BgP photosensitized under UVA (1.5 mW/cm2) irradiation shows a degradation pattern till 4 h exposure. Photosensitized BgP reduced significant cell viability (%) at 1 μg/ml concentration. However, the pretreatment of singlet and hydroxyl radical quenchers, restoration of cell viability observed, confirmed the role of type-I and type-II photodynamic reactions in phototoxicity of BgP. Further, intracellular uptake of BgP in HaCaT cells was estimated and confirmed by UHPLC analysis. Molecular docking of BgP with DNA and formation of γ-H2AX foci demonstrated the DNA intercalation and double-stranded DNA damaging potential of BgP. Furthermore, acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining showed apoptotic cell death via photosensitized BgP under UVA irradiation. The above findings suggest that BgP reached the human skin cell and induced dermal toxicity via direct and indirect mode of DNA damage under UVA exposure finally promoting the skin cell death. Thus, BgP-containing tattoo ink may be hazardous and may induce skin damage and diseases, especially in presence of UVA radiation of sunlight. To minimize the risk of skin diseases from synthetic ingredients in tattoo ink, the study highlights the importance of developing eco-friendly and skin-friendly tattoo ingredients by companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Negi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patel
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apeksha Vikram
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakriti Gaur
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Danish Kamar
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumana Y Kotian
- Analyical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Bala
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Rana
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmi Bala
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analyical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Foster D, Sokhn J. Tattoo Guidelines in the At-Risk Cancer Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e37495. [PMID: 37187627 PMCID: PMC10181449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With tattoo prevalence on the rise in all age groups, it is important to acknowledge that it is a potential cause of lymphadenopathy while simultaneously being aware of its mimicking presence in high-risk populations such as those with current or prior cancer diagnoses. The period of time between identification and diagnosis provides a great amount of stress and anxiety for patients and their families. We present a case of a patient who had multiple recurrences of an unknown primary and underwent multiple workups with no subsequent diagnosis. One particular workup yielded the diagnosis of tattoo-related lymphadenitis; while this particular occurrence was a benign finding, the extensive workup took a toll on the patient and his family as the fear of cancer progression with an allusive diagnosis continued to be a major factor in their lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Foster
- Internal Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, USA
| | - Joseph Sokhn
- Hematology and Oncology, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Colboc H, Moguelet P, Letavernier E, Frochot V, Bernaudin JF, Weil R, Rouzière S, Senet P, Bachmeyer C, Laporte N, Lucas I, Descamps V, Amode R, Brunet-Possenti F, Kluger N, Deschamps L, Dubois A, Reguer S, Somogyi A, Medjoubi K, Refregiers M, Daudon M, Bazin D. Pathologies related to abnormal deposits in dermatology: a physico-chemical approach. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Nguyen L, Mess C, Schneider SW, Huck V, Herberger K. In Vivo Visualization of Tattoo Particles Using Multiphoton Tomography and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1712-1719. [PMID: 35837813 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With increased popularity of decorative tattoos, awareness of tattoo-based dermatological complications has been raised. Health issues include a broad spectrum dominated by allergies and infections. To examine the etiopathology and prognose the outcome of an appropriate therapy, a non-invasive intravital diagnostic approach is indicated. The present pilot study introduces multiphoton tomography equipped with fluorescence lifetime imaging as a diagnostic technique to examine the morphological and metabolic status of tattooed human skin at patient's bedside. The distributing course of tattoo particles can be visualized over time. By providing optical biopsies, inflammation-based alterations in freshly tattooed skin and tattoo complications can be analyzed. The study concludes that multiphoton tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging is a suitable technique for in vivo visualization of tattoo pigments as well as for the assessment of quantitative and qualitative skin changes after injection of tattoo ink into human skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynhda Nguyen
- Laser Department, Department for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- Department for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Huck
- Department for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Herberger
- Laser Department, Department for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tattoos are characterized by the introduction of exogenous pigments into the dermis. Tattoos usually serve cosmetic purposes, although they may have other causes, such as traumatic pigment implants in accidents or medical-related tattoos in the context of radiotherapy. Dermatologic adverse reactions are relatively uncommon, and they include infections, immune-mediated reactions, cutaneous lesions secondary to the Koebner phenomenon, exacerbation of preexisting dermatosis, benign and malignant neoplasms, and a miscellaneous group of dermatologic conditions that may appear in a preexisting tattoo. The aim of this study is to review the types of histopathologic reactions that may appear in a preexisting permanent tattoo.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cui X, Li P, Lei H, Tu C, Wang D, Wang Z, Chen W. Greatly enhanced tribocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by TiO2 nanoparticles through efficiently harvesting mechanical energy. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Fraser TR, Ross KE, Alexander U, Lenehan CE. Current knowledge of the degradation products of tattoo pigments by sunlight, laser irradiation and metabolism: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:343-355. [PMID: 34274958 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of tattooing has increased significantly over recent years. This has raised concerns about the safety of tattoo inks and their metabolites/degradation products. The photolytic and metabolic degradation of tattoo pigments may result in the formation of toxic compounds, with unforeseen health risks. A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine the current state of knowledge of tattoo pigments' degradation products when irradiated with sunlight, laser light or metabolised. The review demonstrates that there is a lack of knowledge regarding tattoo pigment degradation/metabolism, with only eleven articles found pertaining to the photolysis of tattoo pigments and two articles on the metabolism of tattoo pigments. The limited research indicates that the photolysis of tattoo pigments could result in many toxic degradation products, including hydrogen cyanide and carcinogenic aromatic amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R Fraser
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kirstin E Ross
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ula Alexander
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Claire E Lenehan
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lawal I, Rohilla P, Marston J. Visualization of drug delivery via tattooing: effect of needle reciprocating frequency and fluid properties. J Vis (Tokyo) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-021-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Cutaneous Malignancies in Tattoos, a Case Series of Six Patients. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4721-4737. [PMID: 34898571 PMCID: PMC8628776 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of side effects following the tattooing of the skin were reported over the years. Analytical studies showed that some tattoo inks contain harmful compounds. Methods: We presented six patient cases with cutaneous malignancies in tattooed skin and performed an extensive literature research. Results: Two patients with black ink tattoos that were diagnosed with malignant melanoma raises the number of described cases to 36 patients. One of the patients developed an immunologic reaction limited to the tattoo area after treatment with a targeted immune therapy. In the other patient, the malignancy (malignant melanoma) was fatal. Basal cell carcinoma was seen in four patients with tattoos containing varying ink colors (black, green, red). This increased the number of described patient cases to 18. Although some ink components and their cleavage products have carcinogenic properties, epidemiological evidence for a causative correlation fails. Further epidemiologic studies on tattoos and malignancies, as well as on the appearance of naevi in tattoos, are necessary. Determining the type of mutation might be helpful to separate sun-induced tumors from skin cancers due to other pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
23
|
van der Bent SAS, Rauwerdink D, Oyen EMM, Maijer KI, Rustemeyer T, Wolkerstorfer A. Complications of tattoos and permanent makeup: overview and analysis of 308 cases. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3630-3641. [PMID: 34605159 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide 10-20% of the population is tattooed. However, tattoo complications can occur, such as allergic tattoo reactions, infections, and manifestations of autoimmune dermatoses. Despite the growing popularity of tattoos and changes in tattoo ink composition over the last decades, little is known about these complications, its clinical aspects, pathomechanism, and relative occurrence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to describe the types and clinical aspects of dermatological tattoo complications, its relative occurrence and underlying conditions. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study enrolling all patients with tattoo complications from the Tattoo Clinic. Tattoo complications were categorized into infections, inflammatory tattoo reactions, neoplasms, or miscellaneous reactions and correlated to clinical data. RESULTS Of the total of 326 patients, 301 patients were included with 308 complications. The majority of the complications were chronic: 91.9%. Allergic red tattoo reactions and chronic inflammatory black tattoo reactions (CIBTR) accounted for 50.2% and 18.2%, respectively, of all tattoo complications. Of these CIBTR reactions, extracutaneous involvement was found in 21.4%, including tattoo-associated uveitis (7.1%) and systemic sarcoidosis (14.2%). Of all black tattoo reactions, systemic sarcoidosis was found in 7.8%. CONCLUSION Tattoos can cause a wide range in complications that may start years after getting the tattoo. The most frequent tattoo reactions are allergic red tattoo reactions and chronic inflammatory black tattoo reactions, making these the most relevant for the dermatologist. CIBTR have a high percentage of multi-organ involvement, and therefore, screening for sarcoidosis, including ocular involvement, is advised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A S van der Bent
- Tattoo Clinic (Tattoo poli), Department of Dermatology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Rauwerdink
- Tattoo Clinic (Tattoo poli), Department of Dermatology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E M M Oyen
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Maijer
- Department of Dermatology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - T Rustemeyer
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Wolkerstorfer
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mani S, Agarwal R, Sridhar J, Mehta R. Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Dermatosurgery Scar: A Case of Immunocompromised Cutaneous District. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:600-602. [PMID: 34430470 PMCID: PMC8354411 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_355_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Mani
- Department of Dermatology, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Reetu Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jandhyala Sridhar
- Department of Dermatology, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ritu Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Portilla Maya N, Kempf W, Perez Muñoz N, Rodríguez-Martínez P, Posada R, Fernández-Figueras MT. Histopathologic Spectrum of Findings Associated With Tattoos: Multicenter Study Series of 230 Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:543-553. [PMID: 34276026 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Reactions to tattoo may simulate common dermatosis or skin neoplasms. Histopathology allows diagnosis and helps determining the level and degree of inflammation associated, consequently orientating treatment. OBJECTIVE To describe the histological features found in biopsies of cutaneous reactions to tattoo. DESIGN This study was designed as a multicenter case series. SETTING All consecutive histopathological samples of tattoos referred from 1992 to 2019 to the Hospital General de Catalunya, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, and a private practice, all in Barcelona, Spain, and from the Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik in Zurich, Switzerland were retrieved from the files. PARTICIPANTS AND EXPOSURE The inclusion criteria were all cosmetic/permanent makeup, artistic/professional, and traumatic tattoos associated with either inflammatory reactions alone and/or with tumors and/or infections. Exclusion criteria were cases without any associated pathologic finding in the place of the ink, amalgam tattoos, and medical or temporary tattoos. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In all patients, clinical features (age, sex, location, tattoo color, and presentation) were recorded. Histological features evaluated included ink color, associated tumors or infections, and inflammatory reaction pattern. Inflammation was graded in low to moderate or severe. RESULTS From 477 biopsies diagnosed as tattoos, 230 cases from 226 patients met the inclusion criteria. Samples corresponded to 107 male and 120 female subjects and 3 of unknown gender. Median age was 39 years (ranging from 9 to 84 years). Fifty-three samples were referred from centers in Spain and 177 from the center in Switzerland. The series was analyzed in 2 parts: tattoos associated only with inflammatory reactions (117/230) and tattoos associated with tumors or infections (113/230). The most common form of inflammatory pattern associated with tattoo was the fibrosing reaction (79/117, 68%), followed by granulomatous reaction (56/117, 48%), lichenoid reaction (33/117, 28%), epithelial hyperplasia (28/117, 24%), pseudolymphoma (27/117, 23%) and spongiotic reaction (27/117, 23%). Combined features of 2 or more types of inflammatory patterns were seen in 64% cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our series confirms that cutaneous reactions to tattoos are polymorphous. Inflammation tends to present with combined patterns. Infections are tending to decline, and pathologic findings are not specific to ink color or clinical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Portilla Maya
- Dermatologist, Dermatology Department, Clínica Erasmo LTDA. Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Werner Kempf
- Dermatopathologist, Pathology Department, Kempf und Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noelia Perez Muñoz
- Pathologist, Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya (HUGC), Sant- Cugat del Vallès, Spain; and
- Pulmonologist, Pathology Department, Hospital University German Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rodolfo Posada
- Pathologist, Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya (HUGC), Sant- Cugat del Vallès, Spain; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Josefsson L, Meschnark S, Lind ML, Emmer Å, Goessler W, Hedberg YS. Analytical survey of tattoo inks-A chemical and legal perspective with focus on sensitizing substances. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:340-353. [PMID: 34089526 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tattoo inks have been reported to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the labels and the contents of metals and pigments in tattoo inks, considering restrictions within the European Union. METHODS Seventy-three tattoo inks currently available on the market, either bought or donated (already used), were investigated for trace metals and pigments by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the bought tattoo inks violated European, legal requirements on labeling. Fifty percent of the tattoo inks declared at least one pigment ingredient incorrectly. Sixty-one percent of the inks contained pigments of concern, especially red inks. Iron, aluminium, titanium, and copper (most in green/blue inks) were the main metals detected in the inks. The level of metal impurities exceeded current restriction limits in only a few cases. Total chromium (0.35-139 μg/g) and nickel (0.1-41 μg/g) were found in almost all samples. The levels of iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, and arsenic were found to covary significantly. CONCLUSIONS To prevent contact allergy and toxic reactions among users it is important for tattoo ink manufacturers to follow the regulations and decrease nickel and chromium impurities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Wang
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leila Josefsson
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marie-Louise Lind
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Emmer
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yolanda S Hedberg
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Karregat JJJP, Rustemeyer T, van der Bent SAS, Spiekstra SW, Thon M, Fernandez Rivas D, Gibbs S. Assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of intradermally injected tattoo inks in reconstructed human skin. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:324-339. [PMID: 34029376 PMCID: PMC8453820 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The number of people within the European population having at least one tattoo has increased notably, and with it the number of tattoo‐associated clinical complications. Despite this, safety information and testing regarding tattoo inks remain limited. Objective To assess cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of 16 tattoo inks after intradermal injection into reconstructed human skin (RHS). Methods Commercially available tattoo inks were injected intradermally into RHS (reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast‐populated collagen hydrogel) using a permanent makeup device. RHS biopsies, tissue sections, and culture medium were assessed for cytotoxicity (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay [MTT assay]), detrimental histological changes (haematoxylin and eosin staining), and the presence of inflammatory and sensitization cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1α, IL‐8, IL‐18; enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). Results Varying degrees of reduced metabolic activity and histopathological cytotoxic effects were observed in RHS after ink injection. Five inks showed significantly reduced metabolic activity and enhanced sensitization potential compared with negative controls. Discussion Using the RHS model system, four tattoo inks were identified as highly cytotoxic and classified as potential sensitizers, suggesting that allergic contact dermatitis could emerge in individuals carrying these inks. These results indicate that an RHS‐based assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential by intradermal tattoo ink injection is a useful analytical tool to determine ink‐induced deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joey J J P Karregat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Thon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The art of tattooing is a popular decorative approach for body decoration and has a corrective value for the face. The tattooing procedure is characterized by placing exogenous pigments into the dermis with a number of needles. The process of creating traditional and cosmetic tattoos is the same. Colorants are deposited in the dermis by piercing the skin with needles of specific shape and thickness, which are moistened with the colorant. Colorants (pigments or dyes) most of the time include impurities which may cause adverse reactions. It is commonly known that tattoo inks remain in the skin for lifetime. It is also a fact that the chemicals that are used in permanent makeup (PMU) colorants may stay in the body for a long time so there is a significant long-term risk for harmful ingredients being placed in the body. Tattoo and PMU colorants contain various substances and their main ingredients and decomposition components may cause health risks and unwanted side effects to skin.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bauer EM, Cecchetti D, Guerriero E, Nisticò S, Germinario G, Sennato S, Gontrani L, Tagliatesta P, Carbone M. Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2367-2383. [PMID: 33948695 PMCID: PMC8241676 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Comparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H2O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N2 flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, GC-mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Maria Bauer
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Structure of Matter (CNR-ISM), Via Salaria km 29.3, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Daniele Cecchetti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Steven Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Germinario
- Department of Pure and Applied Science, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Institute of Complex Systems, National Research Council (CNR-ISC), Sapienza Unit, and Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mitri F, Hartschuh W, Toberer F. Multiple Keratoacanthomas after a Recent Tattoo: A Case Report. Case Rep Dermatol 2021; 13:23-27. [PMID: 33613230 PMCID: PMC7879243 DOI: 10.1159/000510707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 39-year-old man who presented with seven skin lesions on the right thigh 3 weeks after receiving a large tattoo which included red and black pigments. Initially, the lesions grew fast, later their growth stabilized. Histopathology showed well-circumscribed symmetric tumors with a central keratin-filled crater along with further trademarks of a keratoacanthoma. The patient had previously had multiple tattoos with no history of similar lesions. PCR analysis of one of the lesions revealed the presence of human papillomavirus 6. All lesions were excised with a safety margin. A 3-month follow-up revealed no further lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Mitri
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartschuh
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Toberer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Serrano-Serra JP, Montero-Vilchez T, Buendia-Eisman A, Arias-Santiago S. Epidermal Barrier Function and Skin Homeostasis in Skin with Permanent and Adhesive Tattoos: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040888. [PMID: 33671713 PMCID: PMC7926473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tattoos are a current trend, but their impact on skin homeostasis and epidermal barrier function is not well known. So, the aims of this study are (1) to investigate epidermal barrier function and skin homeostasis in skin with permanent tattoos, adhesive temporary tattoos and non-tattooed skin, and (2) to analyze the effect of petrolatum on skin with permanent and adhesive tattoos. In total, 67 tattoos were enrolled (34 permanent tattoos and 33 adhesive tattoos). Temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), erythema and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in skin with permanent tattoos, adhesive tattoos and non-tattooed skin before and after petrolatum application. The temperature was lower (30.47 °C vs. 31.01 °C; p = 0.001) on skin with permanent tattoos than non-tattooed skin, while SCH (48.24 Arbitrary Units (AU) vs. 44.15 AU; p = 0.008) was higher. Skin with adhesive tattoos showed lower temperature, SCH (21.19 AU vs. 41.31 AU; p < 0.001) and TAC (1.27 microcoulombs (uC) vs. 3.48 uC; p < 0.001), and higher TEWL (8.65 g/h/m2 vs. 6.99 g/h/m2; p = 0.003), than non-tattooed skin. After petrolatum application, the temperature decreased on skin with permanent tattoos, and TEWL and SCH decreased on skin with adhesive tattoos. Adhesive tattoos may affect skin barrier function, while permanent tattoos may have a lower impact. Tattooed and non-tattooed skin responds in different ways to moisturizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Pablo Serrano-Serra
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain or (J.-P.S.-S.); (A.B.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-958023259
| | - Agustin Buendia-Eisman
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain or (J.-P.S.-S.); (A.B.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain or (J.-P.S.-S.); (A.B.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Agarwal P, Jagati A, Mehta R, Vadher P, Rathod S, Bodar P. Histopathological evaluation of cutaneous reactions to tattoos: Study at a tertiary care center. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:870-876. [PMID: 33527478 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tattooing has been around for many years and is becoming an increasingly common fashion trend. As there are often few regulatory laws regarding the practice, an increase in the incidence of cutaneous reactions to tattoo inks is noted. These include allergic reactions, granulomatous dermatitis, infections, lichenoid dermatoses, and sometimes malignancy. The present study examines the histopathological changes seen in patients with cutaneous reactions to tattoo ink. METHOD A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months in the dermatology clinic of a tertiary care center in western India. The study population included 22 patients with cutaneous reactions over the tattoos. Punch biopsy specimens were sent to study the pattern of histopathological response. RESULTS All 22 patients studied were between the ages of 17 and 35 years. The mean duration of development of reaction was 8.1 months. Most of the reactions were seen in black ink tattoos performed by amateurs. Perivascular and spongiotic dermatitis suggestive of allergic response was the most common feature on histopathology. Granulomatous response and lichenoid response were seen in five and three biopsies, respectively. CONCLUSION Legalization is needed for this practice to prevent tattoo reactions. Histopathological evaluation is important as tattoo reactions may be associated with skin infections and malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agarwal
- Department of Skin & VD, Smt SCL General Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Jagati
- Department of Skin & VD, Smt SCL General Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupal Mehta
- Department of Pathology, AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Priyanka Vadher
- Department of Skin & VD, Smt SCL General Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Santosh Rathod
- Department of Skin & VD, Smt SCL General Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Priyanka Bodar
- Department of Skin & VD, Smt SCL General Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Cutaneous non-allergic complications in tattoos: An overview of the literature. Presse Med 2020; 49:104049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2020.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
36
|
Han SH, Jo DI, Kim SH. Staged excision of basal cell carcinoma arising from a tattooed eyebrow. Arch Craniofac Surg 2020; 21:315-318. [PMID: 33143401 PMCID: PMC7644349 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Side effects of tattoos can occur due to unexpected body responses. Concerns about the side effects of tattoos are growing concomitantly with the increasing number of tattooed individuals. We report a rare case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on a tattooed eyebrow. A 48-year-old woman with no family history or occupational risk of skin cancer had her eyebrows tattooed 6 years prior, and she noticed a black mass on her right eyebrow 1 year before presentation. Staged excision was planned due to the patient’s reluctance regarding the possibility of a wide scar. After the first surgical procedure, a histopathological examination confirmed BCC. Wide excision and primary closure were performed for remnant BCC, and no recurrence was observed. The mechanism of skin neoplasms involving tattoos has not been clearly identified. Unapproved tattoo inks contain carcinogenic substances, and previous case reports indicate that skin neoplasms may differ depending on the tattoo color. Therefore, the carcinogenic effects of these unknown components of tattoo ink might cause skin neoplasms. Accurate component analysis and systematic management of tattoo ink is necessary, and medical practitioners must also pay attention to this possibility because it is easy to overlook tattoos as a causal factor contributing to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Hyun Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dong In Jo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
| | - Soon Heum Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Reflectance confocal microscopy evaluation of pigmented lesions on tattooed skin. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1077-1084. [PMID: 33067705 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of pigmented lesions on tattooed skin poses a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists, as a nevus may be partially or completely obscured by tattoo pigment. Because of incidences of melanoma arising from tattooed skin, the current gold standard is to biopsy these lesions. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging modality used in the diagnosis and management of skin diseases that may allow for diagnosis, while preserving the tattoo design. Retrospective chart review was conducted to identify pigmented lesions on or near tattooed skin that were evaluated with RCM. Confocal characteristics and diagnoses were recorded and analyzed. Nineteen lesions from 15 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Tattoo pigment did not hinder evaluation and diagnosis of pigmented lesions on RCM. About 94.7% of lesions were diagnosed as benign melanocytic nevi by an expert confocal reader. One lesion was confocally diagnosed as melanocytic nevus with atypia but was found to be an inflamed melanocytic nevus on histology. Tattoo pigment particles were differentiated from other hyper-refractile entities by an expert confocal reader based on size, morphology, and clinical correlation. RCM may provide a solution to the diagnostic challenge of pigmented lesions on or near tattooed skin.
Collapse
|
38
|
Linares-Gonzalez L, Ródenas-Herranz T, Galvez-Moreno M, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Eruptive Keratoacanthomas in a Red Tattoo. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2020; 20:e372-e373. [PMID: 33110656 PMCID: PMC7574811 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2020.20.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MEDICAL IMAGE
Collapse
|
39
|
Kluger N, Cribier B. Keratoacanthomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas on Tattoos: A Review of 42 Cases. Dermatology 2020; 237:309-312. [PMID: 32950979 DOI: 10.1159/000509728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- "Tattoo" Consultation, Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France, .,Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Bernard Cribier
- Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cohen PR, Erickson CP, Uebelhoer NS, Calame A. Tattoo-Associated Basal Cell Carcinoma: Coincident or Coincidence. Biomed Hub 2020; 5:2055-2062. [PMID: 32884932 DOI: 10.1159/000508208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tattoos may be associated with medical complications including, albeit rarely, skin cancer. The features of a 46-year-old man who developed a basal cell carcinoma within a tattoo on his left scapula are described and the characteristics of the other 13 patients (7 men and 6 women) with tattoo-associated basal cell carcinoma are reviewed. The tumor usually occurs on the sun-exposed skin of individuals aged 60 years and older whose tattoo has often been present for 20 years or more. The pathogenesis of a basal cell carcinoma developing within a tattoo may merely be a coincidence. However, there is supporting evidence that the tattoo and the subsequent basal cell carcinoma may be coincident events whereby either tattoo injection-associated trauma or the tattoo pigments and dyes (in their native state or after ultraviolet radiation alteration) or both have a carcinogenic impact on the development of the basal cell carcinoma at that location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, , "Tattoo" Consultation, Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Dub
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Warner FM, Darvishian M, Boyle T, Brooks-Wilson AR, Connors JM, Lai AS, Le ND, Song K, Sutherland H, Woods RR, Bhatti P, Spinelli JJ. Tattoos and Hematologic Malignancies in British Columbia, Canada. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2093-2095. [PMID: 32699076 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tattoos may cause a variety of adverse reactions in the body, including immune reactions and infections. However, it is unknown whether tattoos may increase the risk of lymphatic cancers such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma. METHODS Participants from two population-based case-control studies were included in logistic regression models to examine the association between tattoos and risk of NHL and multiple myeloma. RESULTS A total of 1,518 participants from the NHL study (737 cases) and 742 participants from the multiple myeloma study (373 cases) were included in the analyses. No statistically significant associations were found between tattoos and risk of NHL or multiple myeloma after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, body mass index, and family history. CONCLUSIONS We did not identify any significant associations between tattoos and risk of multiple myeloma, NHL, or NHL subtypes in these studies. IMPACT Though biologically plausible, tattoos were not associated with increased risk of NHL or multiple myeloma in this study. Future studies with greater detail regarding tattoo exposure may provide further insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Terry Boyle
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Agnes S Lai
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nhu D Le
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Song
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - John J Spinelli
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Ten to 30% of the population is currently tattooed. This trend does not spare athletes and sports medicine specialists may have to manage tattooed athletes. The purpose of this study was to review the possible issues associated with tattoos among athletes. Overall, tattooed athletes are exposed to the same complications as anyone, mainly healing issues, skin infections and allergic reactions to a tattoo color. Besides, the main pitfall in sports medicine remains invasive gestures such as puncture or infiltration, as they must be avoided at all cost if the tattoo is recent and under healing. Issues associated with imaging are rather limited (artifacts, visible calcification). Burns during magnetic resonance imagining may occur but they are rather rare. Local neuromuscular complications attributable to tattooing are exceptional. Whether tattoos may have a "systemic" impact on the prevalence of unexplained symptoms in athletes (fatigue, distant tendon or musculoskeletal wounds) remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland - .,Tattoo Consultation, Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France -
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sano M, Izumiya M, Haniu H, Ueda K, Konishi K, Ishida H, Kuroda C, Uemura T, Aoki K, Matsuda Y, Saito N. Cellular Responses of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Carbon Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071374. [PMID: 32674394 PMCID: PMC7407296 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges to overcome in the pursuit of the medical application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is safety. Particularly, when considering the use of CNMs in drug delivery systems (DDSs), evaluation of safety at the accumulation site is an essential step. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of carbon nanohorns (CNHs), which are potential DDSs, using human lymph node endothelial cells that have been reported to accumulate CNMs, as a comparison to fibrous, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and particulate carbon black (CB). The effect of different surface characteristics was also evaluated using two types of CNHs (untreated and oxidized). In the fibrous MWCNT, cell growth suppression, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was observed, as in previous reports. In contrast, no significant toxicity was observed for particulate CB and CNHs, which was different from the report of CB cytotoxicity in vascular endothelial cells. These results show that (1) lymph endothelial cells need to be tested separately from other endothelial cells for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, and (2) the potential of CNHs as DDSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Sano
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Makoto Izumiya
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-3555
| | - Katsuya Ueda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Chika Kuroda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
- Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Physical and Occupational Therapy Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan;
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (M.S.); (M.I.); (K.U.); (K.K.); (H.I.); (C.K.); (T.U.); (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
RF- Melanoma and Tattoos. An Association Under Debate. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Treatments of a phthalocyanine-based green ink for tattoo removal purposes: generation of toxic fragments and potentially harmful morphologies. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2359-2375. [PMID: 32472170 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since tattoos became overwhelmingly fashionable worldwide, the demand for removal has proportionally increased, Nd:YAG Q-switch laser being the most commonly used tool for the purpose. In this framework we investigated the composition and products of laser treatment of green tattoo ink, the Green Concentrate from Eternal. The ink characterization has been carried out by IR, UV-Vis, EDX spectroscopies, and SEM imaging. It revealed the presence of the pigment PG7, rather than PG36 as reported on the bottle label, along with non-fully halogenated analogues. The morphology is an extended sheath with embedded grains. Subsequent laser treatments were performed on both dried and extracted inks, dispersed either in water or in propan-2-ol, chosen for their different polarities, as it is the case in the skin layers. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM imaging, and dynamic light scattering. The outcome is a complex fragmentation pattern that depends both on the solvent and on the initial aggregation state. The fragment compounds are toxic at various degrees according to the Classification Labelling and Packaging regulations. Several shapes of aggregates are produced as an effect of both downsizing and re-aggregation, with potentially harmful aspect ratios.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ródenas-Herranz T, Linares-Gonzalez L, Aneiros-Fernández J, Ruiz-Villaverde R. RF- Melanoma and Tattoos. An Association Under Debate. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:518-519. [PMID: 32402373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ródenas-Herranz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España.
| | - L Linares-Gonzalez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - J Aneiros-Fernández
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - R Ruiz-Villaverde
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cherkaoui El Baraka F, Kluger N, Ollivier I, Bourgoin R, Grossin M, Zeboulon C, Phan C, Sin C, Mahé E. [Melanoma within tattoos: Two cases and a systematic literature review]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:285-292. [PMID: 31812363 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports of malignant melanoma arising within tattoos. However, there is no clear relationship between tattoos and the development of cutaneous malignancies. We report two new cases of melanoma and provide a review of cases of melanoma reported in the medical literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS Case No. 1: a 61-year-old patient consulted following the appearance one year ago of a nodular lesion measuring 4.5×3cm on a blue and red tattoo on his back. Complete excision of the lesion with histological analysis revealed an ulcerated nodular melanoma with a Breslow depth of 7mm. No secondary sites were found. Case No. 2: a 39-year-old patient with a blue tattoo on his left arm consulted following the appearance of a pigmented lesion a few months earlier. Surgical excision was immediately performed, confirming the diagnosis of SSM, with a Breslow depth of 0.9mm. There was no sign of relapse 9 years later. DISCUSSION In our systematic review we noted 34 cases of melanoma occurring in tattoos. There was a high male prevalence (90.3%) and a relatively young mean age (45.9 years). Most tattoos were monochrome (71.0%). The average time between tattooing and onset of melanoma was 13.2 years. The most common sites of melanoma were the upper limbs (53.1%) and trunk (34.4%). Mean tumor size was 11.6mm. Histologic examination revealed 2 cases of melanoma in situ, and in 13 cases, the Breslow depth was 1mm or less. In 5 cases, macroscopic or microscopic lymph node metastasis (sentinel lymph node) was found at diagnosis, and in one case, in transit skin metastases were also observed at the time of diagnosis. We discuss the hypothetical pathogenic role of tattoos in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Cherkaoui El Baraka
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - N Kluger
- Departments of dermatology, allergology and venereology, university of Helsinki, Helsinki university central hospital, Meilahdentie 2, PO Box 160, 00029 Helsinki, Finlande; Service de dermatologie, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Nord-Val-de-Seine, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - I Ollivier
- Cabinet privé, 34, place des Lices, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - R Bourgoin
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - M Grossin
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - C Zeboulon
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - C Phan
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - C Sin
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France
| | - E Mahé
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Victor Dupouy, 69, rue du Lieutenant-Colonel Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cosmetic Tattooing and Early Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-based Case-Control Study from New Hampshire. Epidemiology 2020; 31:448-450. [PMID: 32079835 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic tattoos use dyes with carcinogenic potential. Skin cancers arising in tattoos have been reported. METHODS We investigated whether risk of early onset basal cell carcinoma was related to the site and colors of cosmetic tattoos as part of a population-based case-control study of cases (ages 25-50 years), identified from a state-wide surveillance system, and age- and gender-matched controls, selected from driver's license records, randomly assigned an anatomic site of the cases. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six cases (17%) with early onset basal cell carcinoma and 213 controls (26%) reported cosmetic tattoos. Among those with tattoos, the adjusted odds ratio of basal cell carcinoma at the tattoo site compared to another site was 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.0, 3.2). We observed the strongest associations for yellow and green tattoo colors. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings support the possibility of an enhanced risk of early onset basal cell carcinomas at the site of cosmetic tattoos.
Collapse
|
50
|
[Complications of cosmetic piercings and tattoos in the head and neck region]. HNO 2020; 68:131-140. [PMID: 32020243 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-00808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Piercings and tattoos have gained popularity across all cultural environments during the past century, and one in ten Europeans are now pierced. While tattoos are often restricted to the rest of the body, piercings are common at facial sites such as ears, nose, lips, and tongue. Complications following piercings are not uncommon. Infections can rapidly spread across the auricular cartilage and require antibiotic and often surgical treatment. Mild trauma (i.e., piercing the earlobe) can lead to excessive scar formation due to fibroblast proliferation. Keloids have a particularly high rate of recurrence and are therefore difficult to treat. Due to recent developments in the field of permanent makeup, tattooing techniques are also increasingly applied in the head and neck region. Here, complications such as infection or allergic reactions can occur. Topical medication or laser procedures are the usual therapeutic options.
Collapse
|