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Elsayed MEAA, Ali SM, Gardner C, Kozak I. Novel ocular observations in a child with Joubert syndrome type 6 due to pathogenic variant in TMEM67 gene. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 36:102091. [PMID: 39027323 PMCID: PMC11253217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe unique ocular features in a child with Joubert syndrome type 6. Observations A 4-year-old male patient presented with right microphthalmia and non-dilating pupil and left primary position nystagmus. Brain MRI revealed a "molar tooth sign" of the midbrain and a "batwing sign" of the fourth ventricle along with large retroorbital cysts bilaterally. The diagnosis of autosomal recessive Joubert syndrome type 6 due to homozygous pathogenic variant c.725A > G p. (Asn242Ser) in TMEM67 gene was confirmed by whole exome sequencing. Left eye had nystagmus and the left optic nerve and retina showed epipapillary and subretinal fibrosis, respectively. Scleral buckle was performed for left non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which then improved and has been stable. Conclusions and Importance We present a rare case of JS with some unique ophthalmic features which expand clinical knowledge on this complex systemic and ocular entity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed M. Ali
- Moorfields Eye Hospitals UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Danat Al Emarat Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Mohammed Bin Rashed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carly Gardner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Igor Kozak
- Moorfields Eye Hospitals UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Danat Al Emarat Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Mohammed Bin Rashed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Munoz-Gualan AP, Güngör A, Cezayirli PC, Rahmanov S, Gurses ME, Puelles L, Türe U. Human Adapted Prosomeric Model: A Future for Brainstem Tumor Classification. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148961. [PMID: 38679312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study reevaluates the conventional understanding of midbrain anatomy and neuroanatomical nomenclature in the context of recent genetic and anatomical discoveries. The authors assert that the midbrain should be viewed as an integral part of the forebrain due to shared genetic determinants and evolutionary lineage. The isthmo-mesencephalic boundary is recognized as a significant organizer for both the caudal midbrain and the isthmo-cerebellar area. The article adopts the prosomeric model, redefining the whole brain as neuromeres, offering a more precise depiction of brain development, including processes like proliferation, neurogenesis, cell migration, and differentiation. This shift in understanding challenges traditional definitions of the midbrain based on external brain morphology. The study also delves into the historical context of neuroanatomical models, including the columnar model proposed by Herrick in 1910, which has influenced our understanding of brain structure. Furthermore, the study has clinical implications, affecting neuroanatomy, neurodevelopmental studies, and the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. It emphasizes the need to integrate molecular research into human neuroanatomical studies and advocates for updating neuroanatomical terminology to reflect modern genetic and molecular insights. The authors propose two key revisions. First, we suggest reclassifying the isthmo-cerebellar prepontine region as part of the hindbrain, due to its role in cerebellar development and distinct location caudal to the genetically-defined midbrain. Second, we recommend redefining the anterior boundary of the genetically-defined midbrain to align with genetic markers. In conclusion, the authors highlight the importance of harmonizing neuroanatomical nomenclature with current scientific knowledge, promoting a more precise and informed understanding of brain structure, which is crucial for both research and clinical applications related to the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abuzer Güngör
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Phillip Cem Cezayirli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Haynes Neurosurgical Group, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Serdar Rahmanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Enes Gurses
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia -IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Uğur Türe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Gafner M, Haddad L, Gupta R, Leibovitz Z, Zilberman Ron I, Ben-Sira L, Libzon S, Gindes L, Boltshauser E, Lerman-Sagie T. Hydrocephalus associated with a molar tooth sign: A distinct subtype of Joubert syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:948-957. [PMID: 38247023 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is rarely described in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome (JBTS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether this association is a chance occurrence or potentially signifies a new phenotypic subtype. The databases of Wolfson Medical Center, Sourasky Medical Center, and EB's personal collection were reviewed. Records from an additional family were obtained from RG. The patients' medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed. In addition, we reviewed the medical literature for the association of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus (VM/HC) in JBTS. Only seven cases (from five families) were found with prenatal onset of VM/HC, diagnosed during the second trimester; three pregnancies were terminated, one was stillborn and three were born, of which one died within a week, and another died at the age of 6 years. Additional central nervous system findings included dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, delayed sulcation, polymicrogyria, and pachygyria. We found 16 publications describing 54 patients with JBTS and VM/HC: only five were diagnosed at birth and three were diagnosed prenatally. Hydrocephalus is extremely rare in JBTS. The recurrence of this association, reported in several publications in multiple family members, suggests that it might represent a new phenotypic subtype of JBTS possibly associated with specific genes or variants. Further genetic studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The association of fetal hydrocephalus with Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome (JBTS) is very rare but not a chance association. This association represents a new phenotypic subtype of JBTS possibly linked to specific genes or variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gafner
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leila Haddad
- Foetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Rachna Gupta
- Sunehri Devi Hospital, Sonipat, India
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Zvi Leibovitz
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Liat Ben-Sira
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephanie Libzon
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Liat Gindes
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Foetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Pediatric Neurology (Emeritus), Children's University, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Foetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Wolf MTF, Bonsib SM, Larsen CP, Hildebrandt F. Nephronophthisis: a pathological and genetic perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1977-2000. [PMID: 37930417 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most frequent genetic causes for kidney failure (KF) in children and adolescents. Over 20 genes cause NPHP and over 90 genes contribute to renal ciliopathies often involving multiple organs. About 15-20% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs than the kidneys. The involvement of additional organ systems in syndromic forms of NPHP is explained by shared expression of most NPHP gene products in centrosomes and primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. This finding resulted in the classification of NPHP as a ciliopathy. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are defined as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) and can involve the retina (e.g., with Senior-Løken syndrome), CNS (central nervous system) (e.g., with Joubert syndrome), liver (e.g., Boichis and Arima syndromes), or bone (e.g., Mainzer-Saldino and Sensenbrenner syndromes). This review focuses on the pathological findings and the recent genetic advances in NPHP and NPHP-RC. Different mechanisms and signaling pathways are involved in NPHP ranging from planar cell polarity, sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh), DNA damage response pathway, Hippo, mTOR, and cAMP signaling. A number of therapeutic interventions appear to be promising, ranging from vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as roscovitine, Hh agonists such as purmorphamine, and mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Gregor A, Zweier C. Modelling phenotypes, variants and pathomechanisms of syndromic diseases in different systems. MED GENET-BERLIN 2024; 36:121-131. [PMID: 38854643 PMCID: PMC11154186 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2024-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this review we describe different model organisms and systems that are commonly used to study syndromic disorders. Different use cases in modeling diseases, underlying pathomechanisms and specific effects of certain variants are elucidated. We also highlight advantages and limitations of different systems. Models discussed include budding yeast, the nematode worm, the fruit fly, the frog, zebrafish, mice and human cell-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gregor
- University of BernDepartment of Human GeneticsInselspital Bern3010BernSwitzerland
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Wu CHW, Badreddine J, Su E, Tay K, Lin HTC, Rhodes S, Schumacher F, Bodner D. Beyond the kidney: extra-renal manifestations of monogenic nephrolithiasis and their significance. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1429-1434. [PMID: 38057433 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to explore the frequency of occurrence of extra-renal manifestations associated with monogenic nephrolithiasis. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify genes that are monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database was used to identify associated diseases and their properties. Disease phenotypes were ascertained using OMIM clinical synopses and sorted into 24 different phenotype categories as classified in OMIM. Disease phenotypes caused by the same gene were merged into a phenotypic profile of a gene (PPG) such that one PPG encompasses all related disease phenotypes for a specific gene. The total number of PPGs involving each phenotype category was measured, and the median phenotype category was determined. Phenotype categories were classified as overrepresented or underrepresented if the number of PPGs involving them was higher or lower than the median, respectively. Chi-square test was conducted to determine whether the number of PPGs affecting a given category significantly deviated from the median. RESULTS Fifty-five genes were identified as monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis. A total of six significantly overrepresented and three significantly underrepresented phenotype categories were identified (p < 0.05). Four phenotypic categories (growth, neurological, skeletal, and abdomen/gastrointestinal) are significantly overrepresented after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.002). Among all phenotypes, impaired growth is the most common manifestation. CONCLUSION Recognizing the extra-renal manifestations associated with monogenic causes of kidney stones is critical for earlier diagnosis and optimal care in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Han Wilfred Wu
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Jad Badreddine
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ethan Su
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kimberly Tay
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hsin-Ti Cindy Lin
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Stephen Rhodes
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Donald Bodner
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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De Mori R, Tardivo S, Pollara L, Giliani SC, Ali E, Giordano L, Leuzzi V, Fischetto R, Gener B, Diprima S, Morelli MJ, Monti MC, Sottile V, Valente EM. Joubert syndrome-derived induced pluripotent stem cells show altered neuronal differentiation in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:255-267. [PMID: 38502237 PMCID: PMC11055696 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessively inherited congenital ataxia characterized by hypotonia, psychomotor delay, abnormal ocular movements, intellectual disability, and a peculiar cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the "molar tooth sign." Over 40 causative genes have been reported, all encoding for proteins implicated in the structure or functioning of the primary cilium, a subcellular organelle widely present in embryonic and adult tissues. In this paper, we developed an in vitro neuronal differentiation model using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to evaluate possible neurodevelopmental defects in JS. To this end, iPSCs from four JS patients harboring mutations in distinct JS genes (AHI1, CPLANE1, TMEM67, and CC2D2A) were differentiated alongside healthy control cells to obtain mid-hindbrain precursors and cerebellar granule cells. Differentiation was monitored over 31 days through the detection of lineage-specific marker expression by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and transcriptomics analysis. All JS patient-derived iPSCs, regardless of the mutant gene, showed a similar impairment to differentiate into mid-hindbrain and cerebellar granule cells when compared to healthy controls. In addition, analysis of primary cilium count and morphology showed notable ciliary defects in all differentiating JS patient-derived iPSCs compared to controls. These results confirm that patient-derived iPSCs are an accessible and relevant in vitro model to analyze cellular phenotypes connected to the presence of JS gene mutations in a neuronal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Mori
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tardivo
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Pollara
- Neurogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Clara Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eltahir Ali
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Paediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Spedali Civili Children's Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Giovanni, Italy
| | - Blanca Gener
- Department of Genetics, Cruces University Hospital, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Cruces PlazaBizkaia, Spain
| | - Santo Diprima
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Butti N, Oldrati V, Ferrari E, Romaniello R, Gagliardi C, Borgatti R, Urgesi C. New Insights into the Neuropsychological Profile and Intellectual Quotient Variability in Joubert Syndrome Compared to Other Congenital Cerebellar Malformations. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:579-588. [PMID: 37351729 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The neuropsychological characteristics of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) in congenital, non-progressive malformations of the cerebellum have been scarcely investigated, and even less is known for Joubert syndrome (JS), an inherited, non-progressive cerebellar ataxia characterized by the so-called molar tooth sign. The few studies on this topic reported inconsistent results about intellectual functioning and specific neuropsychological impairments. The aim of this research is to examine the neuropsychological profile of JS compared to other congenital cerebellar malformations (CM), considering individual variability of intellectual quotient (IQ) in the two groups. Fourteen patients with JS and 15 patients with CM aged 6-25 years were tested through a comprehensive, standardized neuropsychological battery. Their scores in the neuropsychological domains were inspected through descriptive analysis and compared by mean of MANOVA and ANOVA models, then replicated inserting IQ as covariate. The two groups showed a largely overlapping neuropsychological profile, consistent with CCAS. However, the JS group showed worse performance in visual-spatial memory compared to CM patients, although this difference was mitigated when considering IQ. These findings highlight a divergence between JS and other CM in visual-spatial memory, which might suggest a critical role of the cerebellum in recalling task-relevant memories and might inform rehabilitative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Butti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
- PhD Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Viola Oldrati
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrari
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | | | | | - Renato Borgatti
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Wei C, Zhang H, Fu M, Ye J, Yao B. Novel compound heterozygous variants in the CSPP1 gene causes Joubert syndrome: case report and literature review of the CSPP1 gene's pathogenic mechanism. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1305754. [PMID: 38586154 PMCID: PMC10995352 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1305754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by congenital mid-hindbrain abnormalities and a variety of clinical manifestations. This article describes a case of Joubert syndrome type 21 with microcephaly, seizures, developmental delay and language regression, caused by a CSPP1 gene variant and examines the contributing variables. This paper advances the understanding of JS by summarizing the literature and offering detection patterns for practitioners with clinical suspicions of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Morelli F, Toni F, Saligari E, D'Abrusco F, Serpieri V, Ballante E, Ruberto G, Borgatti R, Valente EM, Signorini S. Visual function in children with Joubert syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:379-388. [PMID: 37593819 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe visual function in children with Joubert syndrome and to investigate its possible association with diagnostic and developmental aspects. METHOD This retrospective cross-sectional work included 59 patients (33 male; mean age 9 years 2 months, standard deviation 6 years 3 months, range 4 months to 23 years) diagnosed with Joubert syndrome from January 2002 to December 2020. Data about clinical (neurological, neuro-ophthalmological, developmental/cognitive) and diagnostic (e.g. genetic testing, neuroimaging, systemic involvement) evaluations were collected in a data set during a review of medical records. Clinical and diagnostic variables were described in terms of raw counts and percentages. A χ2 test was conducted to investigate their association with neuropsychological skills. RESULTS Ocular motor apraxia was highly represented in our cohort (75%), with a high prevalence of refractive defects and retinal abnormalities. Developmental delay/intellectual disability was frequent (in 69.5% of the sample), associated with retinal dystrophy (p = 0.047) and reduced visual acuity both for near (p = 0.014) and for far distances (p = 0.017). INTERPRETATION On the basis of the relevance of oculomotor and perceptual alterations and their impact on overall and cognitive impairment, we encourage early and multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up of visual function in children with Joubert syndrome. This would help in planning a personalized rehabilitation to sustain functional vision. Further studies will be important to explore the link between biological aspects and global functioning in children with Joubert syndrome. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Perceptual deficits and oculomotor impairments frequently coexist in Joubert syndrome. Retinal dysfunction may be present despite the absence of funduscopic abnormalities. Both perceptual and oculomotor impairments negatively affect cognitive development in Joubert syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Morelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Toni
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Saligari
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvio D'Abrusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Ballante
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- BioData Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Ruberto
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Pilotto F, Del Bondio A, Puccio H. Hereditary Ataxias: From Bench to Clinic, Where Do We Stand? Cells 2024; 13:319. [PMID: 38391932 PMCID: PMC10886822 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a wide heterogeneous group of movement disorders. Within this broad umbrella of diseases, there are both genetics and sporadic forms. The clinical presentation of these conditions can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms across different age groups, spanning from pure cerebellar manifestations to sensory ataxia and multisystemic diseases. Over the last few decades, advancements in our understanding of genetics and molecular pathophysiology related to both dominant and recessive ataxias have propelled the field forward, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing and arresting the progression of these diseases. Nevertheless, the rarity of certain forms of ataxia continues to pose challenges, leading to limited insights into the etiology of the disease and the identification of target pathways. Additionally, the lack of suitable models hampers efforts to comprehensively understand the molecular foundations of disease's pathophysiology and test novel therapeutic interventions. In the following review, we describe the epidemiology, symptomatology, and pathological progression of hereditary ataxia, including both the prevalent and less common forms of these diseases. Furthermore, we illustrate the diverse molecular pathways and therapeutic approaches currently undergoing investigation in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, we address the existing and anticipated challenges within this field, encompassing both basic research and clinical endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pilotto
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Del Bondio
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut Neuromyogène, Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, Inserm U1315, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UMR5261, 69008 Lyon, France
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Horwitz A, Levi-Carmel N, Shnaider O, Birk R. BBS genes are involved in accelerated proliferation and early differentiation of BBS-related tissues. Differentiation 2024; 135:100745. [PMID: 38215537 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an inherited disorder primarily ciliopathy with pleiotropic multi-systemic phenotypic involvement, including adipose, nerve, retinal, kidney, Etc. Consequently, it is characterized by obesity, cognitive impairment and retinal, kidney and cutaneous abnormalities. Initial studies, including ours have shown that BBS genes play a role in the early developmental stages of adipocytes and β-cells. However, this role in other BBS-related tissues is unknown. We investigated BBS genes involvement in the proliferation and early differentiation of different BBS cell types. The involvement of BBS genes in cellular proliferation were studied in seven in-vitro and transgenic cell models; keratinocytes (hHaCaT) and Ras-transfected keratinocytes (Ras-hHaCaT), neuronal cell lines (hSH-SY5Y and rPC-12), silenced BBS4 neural cell lines (siBbs4 hSH-SY5Y and siBbs4 rPC-12), adipocytes (m3T3L1), and ex-vivo transformed B-cells obtain from BBS4 patients, using molecular and biochemical methodologies. RashHaCaT cells showed an accelerated proliferation rate in parallel to significant reduction in the transcript levels of BBS1, 2, and 4. BBS1, 2, and 4 transcripts linked with hHaCaT cell cycle arrest (G1 phase) using both chemical (CDK4 inhibitor) and serum deprivation methodologies. Adipocyte (m3T3-L1) Bbs1, 2 and 4 transcript levels corresponded to the cell cycle phase (CDK4 inhibitor and serum deprivation). SiBBS4 hSH-SY5Y cells exhibited early cell proliferation and differentiation (wound healing assay) rates. SiBbs4 rPC-12 models exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation rate corresponding to Nestin expression levels. BBS4 patients-transformed B-cells exhibited an accelerated proliferation rate (LPS-induced methodology). In conclusions, the BBS4 gene plays a significant, similar and global role in the cellular proliferation of various BBS related tissues. These results highlight the universal role of the BBS gene in the cell cycle, and further deepen the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Horwitz
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Olga Shnaider
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel.
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Horber V, Andersen GL, Arnaud C, De La Cruz J, Dakovic I, Greitane A, Hensey O, Himmelmann K, Hollody K, Horridge K, Künzle CT, Marcelli M, Ortibus E, Papavasiliou A, Perra O, Platt MJ, Rackauskaite G, Sigurdardottir S, Troha Gergeli A, Virella D, Krägeloh-Mann I, Sellier E. Prevalence, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Findings in Children With Ataxic Cerebral Palsy in Europe. Neurology 2023; 101:e2509-e2521. [PMID: 37857495 PMCID: PMC10791054 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To report on prevalence, associated impairments, severity, and neuroimaging findings in children with ataxic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS In children coded as having ataxic CP in the Central database of Joint Research Center-Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (JRC-SCPE) and born during 1980-2010, birth characteristics, severity profiles including associated impairments, neuroimaging patterns, and the presence of syndromes were analyzed. Definitions were according to validated SCPE guidelines. Prevalence over time was estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 679 children with ataxic CP were identified in 20 European CP registers. The proportion with ataxic CP was 3.8% and varied from 0% to 12.9%. Prevalence over time showed no significant trend. Approximately 70% of children with ataxic CP were able to walk, and 40% had severe intellectual impairment and a high impairment index. Children with ataxic CP were mostly born at term (79%) and with normal birth weight (77%). Neuroimaging patterns revealed normal findings in 29%, brain maldevelopments in 28.5%, miscellaneous findings in 23.5%, and brain injuries in 19%, according to the SCPE classification. Genetic syndromes were described in 9%. DISCUSSION This register-based multicenter study on children with ataxic CP provides a large sample size for the analysis of prevalence, severity, and origin of this rare CP subtype. Even with strict inclusion and classification criteria, there is variation between registers on how to deal with this subtype, and diagnosis of ataxic CP remains a challenge. Ataxic cerebral palsy differs from other CP subtypes: children with ataxic CP have a disability profile that is more pronounced in terms of cognitive than gross motor dysfunction. They are mostly term born and the origin rarely suggests acquired injuries. In addition to neuroimaging, a comprehensive genetic workup is particularly recommended for children with this CP type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronka Horber
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Guro L Andersen
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Arnaud
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Javier De La Cruz
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Ivana Dakovic
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Andra Greitane
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Owen Hensey
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Kate Himmelmann
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Katalin Hollody
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Karen Horridge
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph T Künzle
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Marcelli
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Els Ortibus
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Antigone Papavasiliou
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Oliver Perra
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Mary J Platt
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Gija Rackauskaite
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Solveig Sigurdardottir
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Anja Troha Gergeli
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Virella
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
| | - Elodie Sellier
- From the Department of Paediatric Neurology (V.H., I.K.-M.), University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (G.L.A.), Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; CERPOP (C.A.), UMR 1295 Toulouse University, Inserm, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse; Clinical Epidemiology Unit (C.A.), University Hospital of Toulouse, France; Imas12 (J.D.L.C.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, RedSAMID, Madrid Spain; Department of Pediatrics (I.D.), Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Croatia; Association Rehabilitation Center (A.G.), Riga, Latvia; The Central Remedial Clinic (O.H.), Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics (K. Himmelmann), Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Regional Rehabilitation Centre (K. Himmelmann), Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics (K. Hollody), Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Hungary; Childhood Disability and Development (K. Horridge), University of Sunderland, UK; Zentrum für Kinderneurologie (C.T.K.), Entwicklung und Rehabilitation, Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Developmental Age Mental Health and Rehabilitation Unit (M.M.), ASL (local Health Institution Viterbo), Viterbo, Italy; Department of Development and Regeneration (E.O.), KU Leuven, Belgium; Iaso Children's Hospital (A.P.), Athens, Greece; Queen's University Belfast (O.P.), UK; Norwich Medical School (M.J.P.), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (G.R.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Counselling and Diagnostic Centre (S.S.), Iceland Department of Child and Adolescent & Developmental Neurology (A.T.G.), Children´s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; PVNPC (D.V.), Programa de Vigilância Nacional da Paralisia Cerebral, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Grenoble Alpes University (E.S.), CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG; and Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant et Observatoire Périnatal (E.S.), Grenoble, France
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15
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Boddu PK, Velumula PK, Altinok D, Bajaj M. A Neonate Presenting With Hypotonia and Irregular Breathing. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1575-1579. [PMID: 36919859 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231161131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Boddu
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Deniz Altinok
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Monika Bajaj
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
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16
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Li Q, Liu Q, Liu S, Yu L, Yang Z, Wang C, Wang J, Sun S. A novel mutation of the RPGRIP1L gene in a Chinese boy with Joubert syndrome with oculorenal involvement. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:590. [PMID: 37993833 PMCID: PMC10666333 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the "molar tooth sign", and variable organ involvement (such as eye, kidney, liver, and skeleton). Here, we present a case of JS in a Chinese boy. CASE PRESENTATION An 11-year-old Chinese boy presented with neonatal asphyxiation and hypoxia, strabismus, subsequent developmental delay, ataxia and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Routine blood tests showed severe anemia, increasing blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, elevated parathyroid hormone, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. Urine tests showed mild proteinuria. Ultrasound showed two small kidneys. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed dysplasia of the cerebellar vermis and extension of the upper cerebellar feet with the "molar tooth sign". Genetic analysis showed novel compound heterozygous mutations in the RPGRIP1L gene [p.L447fs*7(p.Leu447fsTer7) and p.G908V (p.Gly908Val)]. CONCLUSION In the present study, we identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in the RPGRIP1L gene in a Chinese boy. The clinical and genetic findings of this study will expand the understanding of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun Yu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenle Yang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Marchese SM, Palesi F, Nigri A, Bruzzone MG, Pantaleoni C, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, D’Arrigo S, D’Angelo E, Cavallari P. Structural and connectivity parameters reveal spared connectivity in young patients with non-progressive compared to slow-progressive cerebellar ataxia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1279616. [PMID: 37965172 PMCID: PMC10642782 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1279616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Within Pediatric Cerebellar Ataxias (PCAs), patients with non-progressive ataxia (NonP) surprisingly show postural motor behavior comparable to that of healthy controls, differently to slow-progressive ataxia patients (SlowP). This difference may depend on the building of compensatory strategies of the intact areas in NonP brain network. Methods Eleven PCAs patients were recruited: five with NonP and six with SlowP. We assessed volumetric and axonal bundles alterations with a multimodal approach to investigate whether eventual spared connectivity between basal ganglia and cerebellum explains the different postural motor behavior of NonP and SlowP patients. Results Cerebellar lobules were smaller in SlowP patients. NonP patients showed a lower number of streamlines in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tracts but a generalized higher integrity of white matter tracts connecting the cortex and the basal ganglia with the cerebellum. Discussion This work reveals that the axonal bundles connecting the cerebellum with basal ganglia and cortex demonstrate a higher integrity in NonP patients. This evidence highlights the importance of the cerebellum-basal ganglia connectivity to explain the different postural motor behavior of NonP and SlowP patients and support the possible compensatory role of basal ganglia in patients with stable cerebellar malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Marchese
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Digital Neuroscience, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Digital Neuroscience, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano D’Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Digital Neuroscience, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavallari
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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18
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Masek M, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Control of protein and lipid composition of photoreceptor outer segments-Implications for retinal disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 155:165-225. [PMID: 38043951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Vision is arguably our most important sense, and its loss brings substantial limitations to daily life for affected individuals. Light is perceived in retinal photoreceptors (PRs), which are highly specialized neurons subdivided into several compartments with distinct functions. The outer segments (OSs) of photoreceptors represent highly specialized primary ciliary compartments hosting the phototransduction cascade, which transforms incoming light into a neuronal signal. Retinal disease can result from various pathomechanisms originating in distinct subcompartments of the PR cell, or in the retinal pigment epithelium which supports the PRs. Dysfunction of primary cilia causes human disorders known as "ciliopathies", in which retinal disease is a common feature. This chapter focuses on PR OSs, discussing the mechanisms controlling their complex structure and composition. A sequence of tightly regulated sorting and trafficking events, both upstream of and within this ciliary compartment, ensures the establishment and maintenance of the adequate proteome and lipidome required for signaling in response to light. We discuss in particular our current understanding of the role of ciliopathy proteins involved in multi-protein complexes at the ciliary transition zone (CC2D2A) or BBSome (BBS1) and how their dysfunction causes retinal disease. While the loss of CC2D2A prevents the fusion of vesicles and delivery of the photopigment rhodopsin to the ciliary base, leading to early OS ultrastructural defects, BBS1 deficiency results in precocious accumulation of cholesterol in mutant OSs and decreased visual function preceding morphological changes. These distinct pathomechanisms underscore the central role of ciliary proteins involved in multiple processes controlling OS protein and lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Masek
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program AdaBD, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Fang L, Wang L, Yang L, Xu X, Pei S, Wu D. Novel variants identified in five Chinese families with Joubert Syndrome: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:221. [PMID: 37735380 PMCID: PMC10512497 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a group of rare ciliopathies, mainly characterized by cerebellar dysplasia representing the "molar tooth sign (MTS)" on neuroimaging, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Having a complicated genotype-phenotype correlation due to its rich genetic heterogeneity, JS is usually combined with other organic defects affecting the retina, kidney, and liver. This report aimed to present new cases and novel variants of JS. CASE PRESENTATION Five unrelated patients who were diagnosed with JS, with or without typical clinical characteristics, received integrated examinations, including whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. We identified nine pathogenic variants in the TCTN2, CPLANE1, INPP5E, NPHP1, and CC2D2A genes. CONCLUSION Four novel pathogenic mutations in the TCTN2, CPLANE1, and INPP5E genes were reported. The findings broadened the genotypic spectrum of JS and contributed to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Fang
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Li Yang
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Shanai Pei
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - De Wu
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, Pediatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
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20
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Reddy S, Simmers R, Shah A, Couser N. NPHP1-Related ciliopathies: A new case and major review of the ophthalmic manifestations of 147 reported cases. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7818. [PMID: 37663822 PMCID: PMC10468586 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our case report and review contribute to the understanding of ocular manifestations in NPHP1 ciliopathies by reinforcing the relationship between pathogenic genetic variants and a wide array of ophthalmic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivania Reddy
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Russell Simmers
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Arth Shah
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Natario Couser
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Department of PediatricsVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
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21
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Serpieri V, Mortarini G, Loucks H, Biagini T, Micalizzi A, Palmieri I, Dempsey JC, D'Abrusco F, Mazzotta C, Battini R, Bertini ES, Boltshauser E, Borgatti R, Brockmann K, D'Arrigo S, Nardocci N, Fischetto R, Agolini E, Novelli A, Romano A, Romaniello R, Stanzial F, Signorini S, Strisciuglio P, Gana S, Mazza T, Doherty D, Valente EM. Recurrent, founder and hypomorphic variants contribute to the genetic landscape of Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2023; 60:885-893. [PMID: 36788019 PMCID: PMC10447400 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a neurodevelopmental ciliopathy characterised by a distinctive mid-hindbrain malformation, the 'molar tooth sign'. Over 40 JS-associated genes are known, accounting for two-thirds of cases. METHODS While most variants are novel or extremely rare, we report on 11 recurring variants in seven genes, including three known 'founder variants' in the Ashkenazi Jewish, Hutterite and Finnish populations. We evaluated variant frequencies in ~550 European patients with JS and compared them with controls (>15 000 Italian plus gnomAD), and with an independent cohort of ~600 JS probands from the USA. RESULTS All variants were markedly enriched in the European JS cohort compared with controls. When comparing allele frequencies in the two JS cohorts, the Ashkenazim founder variant (TMEM216 c.218G>T) was significantly enriched in American compared with European patients with JS, while MKS1 c.1476T>G was about 10 times more frequent among European JS. Frequencies of other variants were comparable in the two cohorts. Genotyping of several markers identified four novel European founder haplotypes.Two recurrent variants (MKS1 c.1476T>G and KIAA0586 c.428delG), have been detected in homozygosity in unaffected individuals, suggesting they could act as hypomorphic variants. However, while fibroblasts from a MKS1 c.1476T>G healthy homozygote showed impaired ability to form primary cilia and mildly reduced ciliary length, ciliary parameters were normal in cells from a KIAA0586 c.428delG healthy homozygote. CONCLUSION This study contributes to understand the complex genetic landscape of JS, explain its variable prevalence in distinct geographical areas and characterise two recurrent hypomorphic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Mortarini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hailey Loucks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Palmieri
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fulvio D'Abrusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Departement of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Centre for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Centre, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Romano
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bozen, Bozen, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Murro V, Banfi S, Testa F, Iarossi G, Falsini B, Sodi A, Signorini S, Iolascon A, Russo R, Mucciolo DP, Caputo R, Bacci GM, Bargiacchi S, Turco S, Fortini S, Simonelli F. A multidisciplinary approach to inherited retinal dystrophies from diagnosis to initial care: a narrative review with inputs from clinical practice. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:223. [PMID: 37525225 PMCID: PMC10388566 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-syndromic inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) such as retinitis pigmentosa or Leber congenital amaurosis generally manifest between early childhood and late adolescence, imposing profound long-term impacts as a result of vision impairment or blindness. IRDs are highly heterogeneous, with often overlapping symptoms among different IRDs, and achieving a definite diagnosis is challenging. This narrative review provides a clinical overview of the non-syndromic generalized photoreceptor dystrophies, particularly retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. The clinical investigations and genetic testing needed to establish a diagnosis are outlined, and current management approaches are discussed, focusing on the importance of the involvement of an interdisciplinary team from diagnosis and initial care to long-term follow-up and support. RESULTS The effective management of IRDs requires a multidisciplinary, and ideally interdisciplinary, team of experts knowledgeable about IRDs, with experienced professionals from fields as diverse as ophthalmology, neuropsychiatry, psychology, neurology, genetics, orthoptics, developmental therapy, typhlology, occupational therapy, otolaryngology, and orientation and mobility specialties. Accurate clinical diagnosis encompasses a range of objective and subjective assessments as a prerequisite for the genetic testing essential in establishing an accurate diagnosis necessary for the effective management of IRDs, particularly in the era of gene therapies. Improvements in genome sequencing techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, have greatly facilitated the complex process of determining IRD-causing gene variants and establishing a molecular diagnosis. Genetic counseling is essential to help the individual and their family understand the condition, the potential risk for offspring, and the implications of a diagnosis on visual prognosis and treatment options. Psychological support for patients and caregivers is important at all stages of diagnosis, care, and rehabilitation and is an essential part of the multidisciplinary approach to managing IRDs. Effective communication throughout is essential, and the patient and caregivers' needs and expectations must be acknowledged and discussed. CONCLUSION As IRDs can present at an early age, clinicians need to be aware of the clinical signs suggesting visual impairment and follow up with multidisciplinary support for timely diagnoses to facilitate appropriate therapeutic or rehabilitation intervention to minimize vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Murro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Iarossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Eye Clinic, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Center of Child Neuro-Ophthalmology, IRCCS, Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Pasquale Mucciolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, San Jacopo Hospital, Pistoia, Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bargiacchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Turco
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired, International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness-IAPB Italy Onlus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fortini
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired, International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness-IAPB Italy Onlus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Dong Y, Zhang K, Yao H, Jia T, Wang J, Zhu D, Xu F, Cheng M, Zhao S, Shi X. Clinical and genetic characteristics of 36 children with Joubert syndrome. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1102639. [PMID: 37547106 PMCID: PMC10401045 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Joubert syndrome (JBTS, OMIM # 213300) is a group of ciliopathies characterized by mid-hindbrain malformation, developmental delay, hypotonia, oculomotor apraxia, and breathing abnormalities. Molar tooth sign in brain imaging is the hallmark for diagnosing JBTS. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder involving mutations in more than 40 ciliopathy-related genes. However, long-term follow-up data are scarce, and further research is needed to determine the abundant phenotypes and genetics of this disorder. The study aimed to summarize clinical manifestations, particular appearance on cranial imaging, genetic data, and prognostic features of patients with JBTS. Methods A retrospective case review of 36 cases of JBTS from May 1986 to December 2021 was performed. Clinical data of JBTS patients with development retardation and molar tooth sign on cranial imaging as the main features were analyzed. Genetic testing was performed according to consent obtained from patients and their families. The Gesell Developmental Scale was used to evaluate the intelligence level before and after treatment. The children were divided into a purely neurological JBTS (pure JBTS) group and JBTS with multi-organ system involvement group and then followed up every 3-6 months. Results We enrolled 18 males and 18 females. Thirty-four (94.44%) cases had developmental delay, one patient (2.78%) had strabismus, and one patient (2.78%) had intermittent dizziness. There was one case co-morbid with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Three-quarters of cases had one or more other organ or system involvement, with a greater predilection for vision and hearing impairment. JBTS could also involve the skin. Thirty-one cases (86.11%) showed a typical molar tooth sign, and five cases showed a bat wing sign on cranial imaging. Abnormal video electroencephalogram (VEEG) result was obtained in 7.69% of cases. We found six JBTS-related novel gene loci variants: CPLANE1: c.4189 + 1G > A, c.3101T > C(p.Ile1034Thr), c.3733T > C (p.Cys1245Arg), c.4080G > A(p.Lys1360=); RPGRIP1l: c.1351-11A > G; CEP120: c.214 C > T(p.Arg72Cys). The CHD7 gene may be potentially related to the occurrence of JBTS. Analysis showed that the prognosis of pure JBTS was better than that of JBTS with neurological and non-neurological involvement after the formal rehabilitation treatment (P < 0.05). Of the three children with seizures, two cases had epilepsy with a poor prognosis, and another case had breath-holding spells. Conclusion Our findings indicate that early cranial imaging is helpful for the etiological diagnosis of children with unexplained developmental delay and multiple malformations. Patients with JBTS may have coexisting skin abnormalities. The novel gene loci of CPLANE1, RPGRIP1l, and CEP120 were associated with JBTS in our study and provided significant information to enrich the related genetic data. Future works investigating several aspects of the association between CHD7 gene and JBTS merit further investigation. The prognosis of children with pure JBTS is better than that of children with JBTS with non-neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianming Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dengna Zhu
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Falin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meiying Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- Department of Pediatric Development and Behavior, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Tian JL, Huang CW, Eslami F, Mannino MP, Mai RL, Hart GW. Regulation of Primary Cilium Length by O-GlcNAc during Neuronal Development in a Human Neuron Model. Cells 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37296641 PMCID: PMC10252524 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium plays critical roles in the homeostasis and development of neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that cilium length is regulated by the metabolic state of cells, as dictated by processes such as glucose flux and O-GlcNAcylation (OGN). The study of cilium length regulation during neuron development, however, has been an area left largely unexplored. This project aims to elucidate the roles of O-GlcNAc in neuronal development through its regulation of the primary cilium. Here, we present findings suggesting that OGN levels negatively regulate cilium length on differentiated cortical neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. In neurons, cilium length increased significantly during maturation (after day 35), while OGN levels began to drop. Long-term perturbation of OGN via drugs, which inhibit or promote its cycling, during neuron development also have varying effects. Diminishing OGN levels increases cilium length until day 25, when neural stem cells expand and undergo early neurogenesis, before causing cell cycle exit defects and multinucleation. Elevating OGN levels induces greater primary cilia assembly but ultimately results in the development of premature neurons, which have higher insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that OGN levels and primary cilium length are jointly critical in proper neuron development and function. Understanding the interplays between these two nutrient sensors, O-GlcNAc and the primary cilium, during neuron development is important in paving connections between dysfunctional nutrient-sensing and early neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie L. Tian
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Farzad Eslami
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael Philip Mannino
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Mai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.-W.H.); (F.E.); (M.P.M.); (R.L.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Zhang GY, Zhao YX, Zhao HL, Tang GH, Wang PL, Zhu DN. [Clinical and genetic analyses of Joubert syndrome in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:497-501. [PMID: 37272176 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2212069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the clinical and genetic features of Joubert syndrome (JS) in children. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, genetic data, and follow-up data of 20 children who were diagnosed with JS in the Department of Children's Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January 2017 to July 2022. RESULTS Among the 20 children with JS, there were 11 boys and 9 girls. The common clinical manifestations were developmental delay (20 children, 100%), abnormal eye movement (19 children, 95%), and hypotonia (16 children, 80%), followed by abnormal respiratory rhythm in 5 children (25%) and unusual facies (including prominent forehead, low-set ears, and triangular mouth) in 3 children (15%), and no limb deformity was observed. All 20 children (100%) had the typical "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome" on head images, and 6 children (30%) had abnormal eye examination results. Genetic testing was performed on 7 children and revealed 6 pathogenic genes, i.e., the CPLANE1, RPGRIP1L, MKS1, CC2D2A, CEP120, and AHI1 genes. CONCLUSIONS For children with developmental delay, especially those with abnormal eye movement and hypotonia, it is recommended to perform a head imaging examination to determine the presence or absence of "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome", so as to screen for JS to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. There are many pathogenic genes for JS, and whole-exome sequencing can assist in the diagnosis of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui-Ling Zhao
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guo-Hao Tang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Peng-Liang Wang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Deng-Na Zhu
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Schröder S, Yigit G, Li Y, Altmüller J, Büttel HM, Fiedler B, Kretzschmar C, Nürnberg P, Seeger J, Serpieri V, Valente EM, Wollnik B, Boltshauser E, Brockmann K. The genetic spectrum of congenital ocular motor apraxia type Cogan: an observational study, continued. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:101. [PMID: 37131188 PMCID: PMC10155342 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term congenital ocular motor apraxia (COMA), coined by Cogan in 1952, designates the incapacity to initiate voluntary eye movements performing rapid gaze shift, so called saccades. While regarded as a nosological entity by some authors, there is growing evidence that COMA designates merely a neurological symptom with etiologic heterogeneity. In 2016, we reported an observational study in a cohort of 21 patients diagnosed as having COMA. Thorough re-evaluation of the neuroimaging features of these 21 subjects revealed a previously not recognized molar tooth sign (MTS) in 11 of them, thus leading to a diagnostic reassignment as Joubert syndrome (JBTS). Specific MRI features in two further individuals indicated a Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome (PTBHS) and a tubulinopathy. In eight patients, a more precise diagnosis was not achieved. We pursued this cohort aiming at clarification of the definite genetic basis of COMA in each patient. RESULTS Using a candidate gene approach, molecular genetic panels or exome sequencing, we detected causative molecular genetic variants in 17 of 21 patients with COMA. In nine of those 11 subjects diagnosed with JBTS due to newly recognized MTS on neuroimaging, we found pathogenic mutations in five different genes known to be associated with JBTS, including KIAA0586, NPHP1, CC2D2A, MKS1, and TMEM67. In two individuals without MTS on MRI, pathogenic variants were detected in NPHP1 and KIAA0586, arriving at a diagnosis of JBTS type 4 and 23, respectively. Three patients carried heterozygous truncating variants in SUFU, representing the first description of a newly identified forme fruste of JBTS. The clinical diagnoses of PTBHS and tubulinopathy were confirmed by detection of causative variants in LAMA1 and TUBA1A, respectively. In one patient with normal MRI, biallelic pathogenic variants in ATM indicated variant ataxia telangiectasia. Exome sequencing failed to reveal causative genetic variants in the remaining four subjects, two of them with clear MTS on MRI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate marked etiologic heterogeneity in COMA with detection of causative mutations in 81% (17/21) in our cohort and nine different genes being affected, mostly genes associated with JBTS. We provide a diagnostic algorithm for COMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Fiedler
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seeger
- Center of Developmental Neurology (SPZ Frankfurt Mitte), Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (Emeritus), University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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Lin T, Sun Y. Arl13b promotes the proliferation, migration, osteogenesis, and mechanosensation of osteoblasts. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102088. [PMID: 37058812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles presenting on the surface of most postmitotic mammalian cells. As being signaling hubs and sensory organelles, primary cilia can respond to mechanical and chemical stimuli from the extracellular environment. Arl13b (ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B), an atypical Arf/Arl family GTPase, was identified in genetic screening as a protein essential for maintaining the integrity of cilia and neural tubes. Previous studies on Arl13b have mostly focused on its role in the development of neural tubes, polycystic kidneys, and tumors, but no role in bone patterns was described. This study reported the essential roles of Arl13b in bone formation and osteogenic differentiation. Arl13b was highly expressed in bone tissues and osteoblasts, positively correlated with osteogenic activity during bone development. Furthermore, Arl13b was essential for primary cilium maintenance and Hedgehog signaling activation in osteoblasts. Arl13b knockdown in osteoblasts decreased the length of primary cilia and the upregulated levels of Gli1, Smo, and Ptch1 upon Smo agonist treatment. Additionally, Arl13b knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, Arl13b mediated osteogenesis and cell mechanosensation. Cyclic tension strain upregulated the Arl13b expression. Arl13b knockdown suppressed osteogenesis and mitigated cyclic tension strain-induced osteogenesis. These results suggest that Arl13b have important roles in bone formation and mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China.
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28
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Marchese SM, Esposti R, Farinelli V, Ciaccio C, De Laurentiis A, D’Arrigo S, Cavallari P. Pediatric Slow-Progressive, but Not Non-Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia Delays Intra-Limb Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in the Upper Arm. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040620. [PMID: 37190585 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently investigated the role of the cerebellum during development, reporting that children with genetic slow-progressive ataxia (SlowP) show worse postural control during quiet stance and gait initiation compared to healthy children (H). Instead, children with genetic non-progressive ataxia (NonP) recalled the behavior of H. This may derive from compensatory networks, which are hindered by disease progression in SlowP while free to develop in NonP. In the aim of extending our findings to intra-limb postural control, we recorded, in 10 NonP, 10 SlowP and 10 H young patients, Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) in the proximal muscles of the upper-limb and preceding brisk index finger flexions. No significant differences in APA timing occurred between NonP and H, while APAs in SlowP were delayed. Indeed, the excitatory APA in Triceps Brachii was always present but significantly delayed with respect to both H and NonP. Moreover, the inhibitory APAs in the Biceps Brachii and Anterior Deltoid, which are normally followed by a late excitation, could not be detected in most SlowP children, as if inhibition was delayed to the extent where there was overlap with a late excitation. In conclusion, disease progression seems to be detrimental for intra-limb posture, supporting the idea that inter- and intra-limb postures seemingly share the same control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maria Marchese
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Esposti
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Farinelli
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciaccio
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna De Laurentiis
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavallari
- Human Physiology Section of the DePT, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Martínez-Granero F, Martínez-Cayuelas E, Rodilla C, Núñez-Moreno G, Rodríguez de Alba M, Blanco-Kelly F, Romero R, Minguez P, Ayuso C, Lorda-Sanchez I, Corton M, Almoguera B. Biallelic intragenic tandem duplication of CPLANE1 in Joubert syndrome: A case report. Clin Genet 2023; 103:448-452. [PMID: 36719180 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous genetic disorder. To date, 40 JS-causing genes have been reported and CPLANE1 is one of the most frequently mutated, with biallelic pathogenic missense and truncating variants explaining up to 14% of JS cases. We present a case of JS diagnosed after the identification of a novel biallelic intragenic duplication of exons 20-46 of CPLANE1. The quadruplication was identified by short-read sequencing and copy number variant analysis and confirmed in tandem by long PCR with the breakpoints defined by a nanopore-based long-read sequencing approach. Based on the genetic findings and the clinical presentation of the patient, a brain MRI was ordered, evidencing the molar tooth sign, which confirmed the diagnosis of JS in the patient. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of an intragenic duplication in this gene as the potential molecular mechanism of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Rodilla
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Núñez-Moreno
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez de Alba
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Romero
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Minguez
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Almoguera
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Fileva N, Severino M, Tortora D, Ramaglia A, Paladini D, Rossi A. Second trimester fetal MRI of the brain: Through the ground glass. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:283-299. [PMID: 36785503 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fetal MRI is an important tool for the prenatal diagnosis of brain malformations and is often requested after second-trimester ultrasonography reveals a possible abnormality. Despite the immature state of the fetal brain at this early stage, early suggestive signs of the presence of brain malformations can be recognized. To differentiate between the normal dynamics of the growing brain and the developing pathological conditions can be challenging and requires extensive knowledge of normal central nervous system developmental stages and their neuroradiological counterparts at those different stages. This article reviews the second-trimester appearances of some commonly encountered brain malformations, focusing on helpful tricks and subtle signs to aid in the diagnosis of such conditions as rhombencephalosynapsis, various causes of vermian rotation, molar tooth spectrum anomalies, diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia, ganglionic eminence anomalies, and the most common malformations of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Fileva
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Domenico Tortora
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonia Ramaglia
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Paladini
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Steinman B, Del Rio M, Zolotnitskaya A, Hayde N. A 5-year-old girl with kidney impairment and severe anemia: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:393-396. [PMID: 35695962 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Steinman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Zolotnitskaya
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Hayde
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Zheng NX, Miao YT, Zhang X, Huang MZ, Jahangir M, Luo S, Lang B. Primary cilia-associated protein IFT172 in ciliopathies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1074880. [PMID: 36733456 PMCID: PMC9887189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1074880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilium is a highly conserved antenna-like structure protruding from the surface of the cell membrane, which is widely distributed on most mammalian cells. Two types of cilia have been described so far which include motile cilia and immotile cilia and the latter are also known as primary cilia. Dysfunctional primary cilia are commonly associated with a variety of congenital diseases called ciliopathies with multifaceted presentations such as retinopathy, congenital kidney disease, intellectual disability, cancer, polycystic kidney, obesity, Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS), etc. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a bi-directional transportation process that helps maintain a balanced flow of proteins or signaling molecules essential for the communication between cilia and cytoplasm. Disrupted IFT contributes to the abnormal structure or function of cilia and frequently promotes the occurrence of ciliopathies. Intraflagellar transport 172 (IFT172) is a newly identified member of IFT proteins closely involved in some rare ciliopathies such as Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS) and BBS, though the underpinning causal mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this review, we summarize the key findings on the genetic and protein characteristic of IFT172, as well as its function in intraflagellar transport, to provide comprehensive insights to understand IFT172-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xi Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Ting Miao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mu-Zhi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Shilin Luo, ; Bing Lang,
| | - Bing Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Shilin Luo, ; Bing Lang,
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Characterization of Primary Cilia Formation in Human ESC-Derived Retinal Organoids. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6494486. [PMID: 36684387 PMCID: PMC9859708 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6494486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primary cilia are conserved organelles found in polarized mammalian cells that regulate neuronal growth, migration, and differentiation. Proper cilia formation is essential during eye development. Our previous reports found that both amacrine and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) contain primary cilia in primate and rodent retinas. However, whether primary cilia are present in the inner retina of human retinal organoids remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the primary cilia distribution in human embryonic stem cell (hESC-derived retinal organoid development. Materials and Methods Retinal organoids were differentiated from a hESC line, harvested at various developmental timepoints (day 44-day 266), and immunostained with antibodies for primary cilia, including Arl13b (for the axoneme), AC3, and Centrin3 (for the basal body). AP2α, Prox1, GAD67, Calretinin, GFAP, PKCα, and Chx10 antibodies as well as Brn3b-promoted tdTomato expression were used to visualize retinal cell types. Results A group of ciliated cells were present in the inner aspects of retinal organoids from day 44 to day 266 in culture. Ciliated Chx10-positive retinal progenitor cells, GFAP-positive astrocytes, and PKCα-positive rod-bipolar cells were detected later during development (day 176 to day 266). Ciliation persisted during all stages of retinal developmental in AP2α-positive amacrine cells, but it was decreased in Brn3b-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at later time points. Additionally, AC3-positive astrocytes significantly decreased during the later stages of organoid formation. Conclusions Amacrine cells in retinal organoids retain cilia throughout development, whereas RGC ciliation gradually and progressively decreases with organoid maturation.
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Li C, Wang X, Li F, Ding H, Liu L, Xiong Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Yin A. A novel non-sense variant in the OFD1 gene caused Joubert syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 13:1064762. [PMID: 36704348 PMCID: PMC9871390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1064762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Joubert syndrome (JBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with progressive renal, liver, and retinal involvement that exhibits heterogeneity in both clinical manifestations and genetic etiology. Therefore, it is difficult to make a definite prenatal diagnosis. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen the causative gene variants in a suspected JBS family. RNA-seq and protein model prediction were performed to clarify the potential pathogenic mechanism. A more comprehensive review of previously reported cases with OFD1 variants is presented and may help to establish a genotype-phenotype. Results: We identified a novel non-sense variant in the OFD1 gene, OFD1 (NM_003611.3): c.2848A>T (p.Lys950Ter). Sanger sequencing confirmed cosegregation among this family. RNA-seq confirmed that partial degradation of mutant transcripts, which was predicted to be caused by the non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism, may explain the reduction in the proportion of mutant transcripts. Protein structure prediction of the non-sense variant transcript revealed that this variant may lead to a change in the OFD1 protein structure. Conclusion: The genetic variation spectrum of JBS10 caused by OFD1 was broadened. The novel variants further deepened our insight into the molecular mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fake Li
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongke Ding
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yang
- Medical Imaging Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jing Wu, ; Aihua Yin,
| | - Aihua Yin
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jing Wu, ; Aihua Yin,
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Prato A, Scuderi A, Amore G, Spoto G, Salpietro V, Ceravolo A, Farello G, Iapadre G, Pironti E, Dicanio D, Rosa GD. Epilepsy in Joubert Syndrome: A Still Few Explored Matter. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEpilepsy is rarely associated with Joubert's syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), being reported only in 3% of cases. Few patients have been described, moreover, with poor evidences of specific seizures' semiology or standard of practice for pharmacological treatment. Epilepsy is likely to be related to brain malformations in ciliopathies. Beyond the typical hindbrain malformation, the molar tooth sign, other cerebral anomalies variably reported in JSRD, such as generalized polymicrogyria, hamartomas, periventricular nodular heterotopia, and hippocampal defects, have been described. Herein, we aimed to revise the main clinical and etiopathogenetic characteristics of epilepsy associated with JSRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Prato
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Scuderi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Greta Amore
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Farello
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Iapadre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Erica Pironti
- Department of Woman-Child, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Ospedali Riuniti, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Dicanio
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ceravolo I, Granata F, Gitto E, Iapadre G, Chimenz R, Giannitto N, Mancuso A, Ceravolo MD, Macchia TL, Rissotto F, Farello G, Cuppari C. Ophthalmological Findings in Joubert Syndrome and Related Disorders. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by congenital malformation of the mid-hindbrain, cerebellar ataxia, hypotonia, oculomotor apraxia, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis resulting in breathing defects, ataxia, and delayed development. Ophthalmological examination reveals eye involvement with nystagmus and retinal defects. Genetic counseling is important for the prevention of new cases. Great advances have been made in recent years. Management is symptomatic and multidisciplinary. In the present review, we discussed the most frequent ophthalmological anomalies associated with JS and speculated on the role of ciliary physiology in eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Eloisa Gitto
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Iapadre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Chimenz
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nino Giannitto
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Mancuso
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Ceravolo
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso La Macchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Rissotto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Farello
- Pediatric Clinic–Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences–Piazzale Salvatore, Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Caterina Cuppari
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi,” University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Huang LX, Lu XG, Liu JX, Xu L, Shang N, Guo L, OuYang YC. Case report and a brief review: Analysis and challenges of prenatal imaging phenotypes and genotypes in Joubert syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1038274. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1038274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal imaging phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed in 13 cases prenatally diagnosed with Joubert syndrome (JS), all of which underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and genetic testing. Prenatal MRI diagnosed 10 cases as JS with a typical molar tooth sign (MTS), while prenatal ultrasound diagnosed or suspiciously diagnosed 11 cases as JS with typical or mild MTS in 10 cases. Mutations in JS-related genes and other prenatal JS imaging phenotypes were identified in 10 cases, including OFD1 in two cases [cerebellar vermis (CV) absence, posterior fossa dilation, ventriculomegaly, polydactyly, malformations of cortical development (MCD), and persistent left superior vena cava], TMEM67 in two cases (CV absence, polydactyly, hyperechoic kidneys or polycystic kidneys, posterior fossa dilation, and ventriculomegaly), CC2D2A in two cases (CV absence, polydactyly, MCD, agenesis of the corpus callosum, encephalocele and hydrocephalus, ventriculomegaly, and posterior fossa dilation), RPGRIP1L in one case (CV absence), TCTN3 in one case (CV absence, polydactyly, MCD, and posterior fossa dilation), CEP290 in one case (CV absence and polycystic kidney), and NPHP1 in one case (CV absence). The prenatal diagnosis of JS presents a number of challenges, including the variants of unknown significance, the lack of functional assessment in prenatal imaging, unclear phenotype–genotype relationships in prenatal evaluation, and the incorrect identification of the JS hallmark, the MTS, in prenatal imaging, especially on ultrasound. Although combined MRI, ultrasound, and exome sequencing could help improve the prenatal diagnosis of JS, there still exist significant challenges.
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Harion M, Qebibo L, Riquet A, Rougeot C, Afenjar A, Garel C, Louha M, Lacaze E, Audic-Gérard F, Barth M, Berquin P, Bonneau D, Bourdain F, Busa T, Colin E, Cuisset JM, Des Portes V, Dorison N, Francannet C, Héron B, Laroche C, Lebrun M, Métreau J, Odent S, Pasquier L, Trujillo YP, Perrin L, Pinson L, Rivier F, Sigaudy S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Louvier UW, Labayle O, Rodriguez D, Valence S, Burglen L. New insights into CC2D2A-related Joubert syndrome. J Med Genet 2022; 60:578-586. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PurposeIn this study, we describe the phenotype and genotype of the largest cohort of patients with Joubert syndrome (JS) carrying pathogenic variants on one of the most frequent causative genes,CC2D2A.MethodsWe selected 53 patients with pathogenic variants onCC2D2A, compiled and analysed their clinical, neuroimaging and genetic information and compared it to previous literature.ResultsDevelopmental delay (motor and language) was nearly constant but patients had normal intellectual efficiency in 74% of cases (20/27 patients) and 68% followed mainstream schooling despite learning difficulties. Epilepsy was found in only 13% of cases. Only three patients had kidney cysts, only three had genuine retinal dystrophy and no subject had liver fibrosis or polydactyly. Brain MRIs showed typical signs of JS with rare additional features. Genotype–phenotype correlation findings demonstrate a homozygous truncating variant p.Arg950* linked to a more severe phenotype.ConclusionThis study contradicts previous literature stating an association betweenCC2D2A-related JS and ventriculomegaly. Our study implies thatCC2D2A-related JS is linked to positive neurodevelopmental outcome and low rate of other organ defects except for homozygous pathogenic variant p.Arg950*. This information will help modulate patient follow-up and provide families with accurate genetic counselling.
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Ying L, Hui W, FuQian, Nan Z, Yeping J, Lan M. Attention to renal involvement: report of 17 Joubert syndrome cases in children of a single center in China. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:433. [PMID: 35858853 PMCID: PMC9297557 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Joubert Syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic developmental disorder. We are aiming for increasing awareness of this disease especially kidney involvement in children with JS. Methods Clinical and genetic data of 17 cases of JS in Beijing children’s hospital in the past 21 years were collected retrospectively. Results Twelve males and 5 females, aged from 12d to 15y8m. The most common involvement was neurological system involvement. The second most common involvement was renal involvement: end stage kidney disease in 6 cases (35%), hematuria in 5 cases (29%), proteinuria in 5 cases (29%), renal diffuse lesions in 4 cases (24%), renal cystic lesions in 2 cases (12%), and echogenic enhancement of parenchyma in 2 cases (12%). 10 cases did genetic tests. 3 cases with renal deficiency all had RPGRIP1L gene mutation. Conclusions The most common involvement of JS is neurological involvement, and the second is renal involvement. Pediatricians should improve awareness of JS and conduct systemic evaluation of children. More attention should be paid to renal involvement which may be onset hidden but fatal. Early recognition and diagnosis are the goals to delay the start to dialysis and improve quality of patients’ life. The RPGRIP1L gene mutation maybe the most common gene mutation in JS and may have correlations with renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ying
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wang Hui
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - FuQian
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhou Nan
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jiang Yeping
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Mi Lan
- Department 2 of Nephrology, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
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Kannauje PK, Pandit V, Wasnik P, Pati SK, Venkatesan N. Diagnosing Joubert Syndrome in Two Adult Siblings: A Very Rare Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e27042. [PMID: 35989767 PMCID: PMC9388958 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare genetic disorder usually diagnosed during childhood. Adult Joubert syndrome is rare, and that too in siblings from a non-consanguineous marriage in their adulthood is extremely rare, with very few cases reported worldwide. The need for expensive imaging modality to aid diagnosis has also been cited as a drawback in diagnosing the condition in resource-poor areas. We describe the case of two adult siblings who came for other diseases and were diagnosed with Joubert syndrome.
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Rusterholz TDS, Hofmann C, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Insights Gained From Zebrafish Models for the Ciliopathy Joubert Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:939527. [PMID: 35846153 PMCID: PMC9280682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.939527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are quasi-ubiquitous microtubule-based sensory organelles, which play vital roles in signal transduction during development and cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of cilia leads to a group of Mendelian disorders called ciliopathies, divided into different diagnoses according to clinical phenotype constellation and genetic causes. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a prototypical ciliopathy defined by a diagnostic cerebellar and brain stem malformation termed the “Molar Tooth Sign” (MTS), in addition to which patients display variable combinations of typical ciliopathy phenotypes such as retinal dystrophy, fibrocystic renal disease, polydactyly or skeletal dystrophy. Like most ciliopathies, JBTS is genetically highly heterogeneous with ∼40 associated genes. Zebrafish are widely used to model ciliopathies given the high conservation of ciliary genes and the variety of specialized cilia types similar to humans. In this review, we compare different existing JBTS zebrafish models with each other and describe their contributions to our understanding of JBTS pathomechanism. We find that retinal dystrophy, which is the most investigated ciliopathy phenotype in zebrafish ciliopathy models, is caused by distinct mechanisms according to the affected gene. Beyond this, differences in phenotypes in other organs observed between different JBTS-mutant models suggest tissue-specific roles for proteins implicated in JBTS. Unfortunately, the lack of systematic assessment of ciliopathy phenotypes in the mutants described in the literature currently limits the conclusions that can be drawn from these comparisons. In the future, the numerous existing JBTS zebrafish models represent a valuable resource that can be leveraged in order to gain further insights into ciliary function, pathomechanisms underlying ciliopathy phenotypes and to develop treatment strategies using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D. S. Rusterholz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu,
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Penon-Portmann M, Eldomery MK, Potocki L, Marafi D, Posey JE, Coban-Akdemir Z, Harel T, Grochowski CM, Loucks H, Devine WP, Van Ziffle J, Doherty D, Lupski JR, Shieh JT. De novo heterozygous variants in SLC30A7 are a candidate cause for Joubert syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2360-2366. [PMID: 35751429 PMCID: PMC9756141 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS), a well-established ciliopathy, is characterized by the distinctive molar tooth sign on brain MRI, ataxia, and neurodevelopmental features. Other manifestations can include polydactyly, accessory frenula, renal, or liver disease. Here, we report individuals meeting criteria for JS with de novo heterozygous variants in SLC30A7 (Chr1p21.2). The first individual is a female with history of unilateral postaxial polydactyly, classic molar tooth sign on MRI, macrocephaly, ataxia, ocular motor apraxia, neurodevelopmental delay, and precocious puberty. Exome sequencing detected a de novo heterozygous missense variant in SLC30A7: NM_133496.5: c.407 T > C, (p.Val136Ala). The second individual had bilateral postaxial polydactyly, molar tooth sign, macrocephaly, developmental delay, and an extra oral frenulum. A de novo deletion-insertion variant in SLC30A7, c.490_491delinsAG (p.His164Ser) was found. Both de novo variants affect highly conserved residues. Variants were not identified in known Joubert genes for either case. SLC30A7 has not yet been associated with a human phenotype. The SLC30 family of zinc transporters, like SLC30A7, permit cellular efflux of zinc, and although it is expressed in the brain its functions remain unknown. Published data from proteomic studies support SLC30A7 interaction with TCTN3, another protein associated with JS. The potential involvement of such genes in primary cilia suggest a role in Sonic Hedgehog signaling. SLC30A7 is a candidate JS-associated gene. Future work could be directed toward further characterization of SLC30A7 variants and understanding its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Penon-Portmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mohammad K Eldomery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorraine Potocki
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Hailey Loucks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Walter Patrick Devine
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Van Ziffle
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Serrallach BL, Orman G, Boltshauser E, Hackenberg A, Desai NK, Kralik SF, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging in cerebellar ataxia in childhood: A review. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:825-851. [PMID: 35749078 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia is one of the most common pediatric movement disorders and can be caused by a large number of congenital and acquired diseases affecting the cerebellum or the vestibular or sensory system. It is mainly characterized by gait abnormalities, dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, and nystagmus. In young children, ataxia may manifest as the inability or refusal to walk. The diagnostic approach begins with a careful clinical history including the temporal evolution of ataxia and the inquiry of additional symptoms, is followed by a meticulous physical examination, and, depending on the results, is complemented by laboratory assays, electroencephalography, nerve conduction velocity, lumbar puncture, toxicology screening, genetic testing, and neuroimaging. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in either providing the final diagnosis, narrowing the differential diagnosis, or planning targeted further workup. In this review, we will focus on the most common form of ataxia in childhood, cerebellar ataxia (CA). We will discuss and summarize the neuroimaging findings of either the most common or the most important causes of CA in childhood or present causes of pediatric CA with pathognomonic findings on MRI. The various pediatric CAs will be categorized and presented according to (a) the cause of ataxia (acquired/disruptive vs. inherited/genetic) and (b) the temporal evolution of symptoms (acute/subacute, chronic, progressive, nonprogressive, and recurrent). In addition, several illustrative cases with their key imaging findings will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina L Serrallach
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gunes Orman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Hackenberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh K Desai
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen F Kralik
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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44
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Van De Weghe JC, Gomez A, Doherty D. The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:301-329. [PMID: 35655331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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45
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Meoded A, Kukreja M, Orman G, Boltshauser E, Huisman TAGM. Another Piece of the Puzzle of Anomalous Connectivity in Joubert's Syndrome. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:195-199. [PMID: 34674207 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings of a 2-year-old child with clinical presentation of Joubert's Syndrome (JS) and brainstem structural abnormalities as depicted by neuroimaging.Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a "molar tooth" configuration of the brainstem. A band-like formation coursing in an apparent axial plane anterior to the interpeduncular fossa was noted and appeared to partially cover the interpeduncular fossa.DTI maps and three-dimensional (3D) tractography demonstrated a prominent red-encoded white matter bundle anterior to the midbrain. Probable aberrant course of the bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST) was also depicted. Absence of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles and elongated thickened, horizontal superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) reflecting the molar tooth sign were also shown.Our report and the review of the published cases suggest that DTI and tractography may be very helpful to differentiate between interpeduncular heterotopias and similarly located white matter bundles corroborating the underlying etiology of axonal guidance disorders in the complex group of ciliopathies including JS. Our case represents an important additional puzzle piece to explore the variability of these ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Meoded
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Marcia Kukreja
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Gunes Orman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
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46
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Mytlis A, Kumar V, Qiu T, Deis R, Hart N, Levy K, Masek M, Shawahny A, Ahmad A, Eitan H, Nather F, Adar-Levor S, Birnbaum RY, Elia N, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Roy S, Elkouby YM. Control of meiotic chromosomal bouquet and germ cell morphogenesis by the zygotene cilium. Science 2022; 376:eabh3104. [PMID: 35549308 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of meiosis is chromosomal pairing, which requires telomere tethering and rotation on the nuclear envelope via microtubules, driving chromosome homology searches. Telomere pulling toward the centrosome forms the "zygotene chromosomal bouquet". Here, we identified the "zygotene cilium" in oocytes. This cilium provides a cable system for the bouquet machinery, extending throughout the germline cyst. Using zebrafish mutants and live manipulations, we demonstrate that the cilium anchors the centrosome to counterbalance telomere pulling. The cilium is essential for bouquet and synaptonemal complex formation, oogenesis, ovarian development, and fertility. Thus, a cilium represents a conserved player in zebrafish and mouse meiosis, which sheds light on reproductive aspects in ciliopathies, and suggests that cilia can control chromosomal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Mytlis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Neta Hart
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Karine Levy
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Markus Masek
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amal Shawahny
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Adam Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Hagai Eitan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Farouq Nather
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Shai Adar-Levor
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ramon Y Birnbaum
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Natalie Elia
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288 Singapore
| | - Yaniv M Elkouby
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Expanding the phenotype of males with OFD1 pathogenic variants-a case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104496. [PMID: 35398350 PMCID: PMC10369588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the OFD1 gene have been classically associated with the Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1 in females, a condition previously considered to be X-linked dominant with male embryonic lethality. However, an increasing number of males with pathogenic OFD1 variants who survived beyond the neonatal period have now been reported in the literature. Although each new report has added to the ever-broadening spectrum of clinical findings seen in males, many questions about genotype-phenotype correlations and disease mechanism remain. Herein, we describe a 9-year-old male child with a novel hemizygous pathogenic OFD1 variant identified by exome sequencing and a unique combination of findings, not previously reported, including presence of both a hypothalamic hamartoma and the molar tooth sign. His clinical features overlap multiple ciliopathy phenotypes, blurring the boundaries of distinct ciliopathy gene-disease relationships. This case provides further evidence for the consideration of a broad OFD1-relateddisorder spectrum in affected males rather than multiple distinct phenotypes. Additionally, a review of previously published cases of the disorder in males support the inclusion of the OFD1 gene in the differential diagnosis and work up for all individuals who present with primary ciliopathy-type features, regardless of their gender. We also highlight current information about OFD1 variant types and pathogenesis and explore how these could mechanistically drive some of the observed phenotypic differences.
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48
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Badv RS, Mahdiannasser M, Rasoulinezhad M, Habibi L, Rashidi-Nezhad A. CEP104 gene may involve in the pathogenesis of a new developmental disorder other than joubert syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7231-7237. [PMID: 35359234 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CEP104 gene (OMIM: 616,690) encodes the centrosome protein 104 (CEP104) that is involved in cilia function. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been described in four patients diagnosed with Joubert syndrome (JBTS) 25. Here, we challenged the concept that pathogenic variants in CEP104 gene are only involved in the development of JBTS 25. METHODS AND RESULTS In a clinical setting, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to investigate pathogenic variants in patients with unexplained developmental delay or intellectual disability (DD/ID).WES revealed a novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.643C > T) in CEP104 (NM _014704.3) in a girl with mild intellectual disability, hypotonia, and imbalanced gait. Her brain MRI data did not show molar tooth sign (MTS) or any other brain anomalies. CONCLUSION Our study introduced a novel variant in the CEP104 gene that results in an ID phenotype other than JBTS25. Comparison of her phenotype with that of eight previously published DD/ID patients harboring pathogenic variants in CEP104 gene revealed that more than half of them did not show JBTS related symptoms. Therefore, we suggest that the CEP104 gene might also be involved in a disorder other than JBTS 25, a point that deserves to be emerged in the OMIM database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shervin Badv
- Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mahdiannasser
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasoulinezhad
- Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rashidi-Nezhad
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Genetic Ward, Yas Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Valiasr Hospital, 2nd floor, Baqerkhan st., P.O.Box:1419733141, Tehran, Iran.
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49
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Gaudin N, Martin Gil P, Boumendjel M, Ershov D, Pioche-Durieu C, Bouix M, Delobelle Q, Maniscalco L, Phan TBN, Heyer V, Reina-San-Martin B, Azimzadeh J. Evolutionary conservation of centriole rotational asymmetry in the human centrosome. eLife 2022; 11:72382. [PMID: 35319462 PMCID: PMC8983040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are formed by microtubule triplets in a nine-fold symmetric arrangement. In flagellated protists and in animal multiciliated cells, accessory structures tethered to specific triplets render the centrioles rotationally asymmetric, a property that is key to cytoskeletal and cellular organization in these contexts. In contrast, centrioles within the centrosome of animal cells display no conspicuous rotational asymmetry. Here, we uncover rotationally asymmetric molecular features in human centrioles. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that LRRCC1, the ortholog of a protein originally characterized in flagellate green algae, associates preferentially to two consecutive triplets in the distal lumen of human centrioles. LRRCC1 partially co-localizes and affects the recruitment of another distal component, C2CD3, which also has an asymmetric localization pattern in the centriole lumen. Together, LRRCC1 and C2CD3 delineate a structure reminiscent of a filamentous density observed by electron microscopy in flagellates, termed the 'acorn'. Functionally, the depletion of LRRCC1 in human cells induced defects in centriole structure, ciliary assembly and ciliary signaling, supporting that LRRCC1 cooperates with C2CD3 to organizing the distal region of centrioles. Since a mutation in the LRRCC1 gene has been identified in Joubert syndrome patients, this finding is relevant in the context of human ciliopathies. Taken together, our results demonstrate that rotational asymmetry is an ancient property of centrioles that is broadly conserved in human cells. Our work also reveals that asymmetrically localized proteins are key for primary ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dmitry Ershov
- Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, France, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Ilkirch, France
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50
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Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G. Joubert syndrome: Molecular basis and treatment. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2022; 26:118-123. [PMID: 36803942 PMCID: PMC10032320 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS; MIM PS213300) is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disease characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, a distinctive malformation of the cerebellum and the so-called "molar tooth sign." Other characteristic features are hypotonia with lateral ataxia, intellectual disability/mental retardation, oculomotor apraxia, retinal dystrophy, abnormalities in the respiratory system, renal cysts, hepatic fibrosis, and skeletal changes. Such pleiotropic characteristics are typical of many disorders involving primary cilium aberrations, providing a significant overlap between JS and other ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis, Meckel syndrome, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. This review will describe some characteristics of JS associated with changes in 35 genes, and will also address subtypes of JS, clinical diagnosis, and the future of therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidvana Spahiu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Emir Behluli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Gazmend Temaj
- Human Genetics, College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy Prishtina, PrishtinaKosovo
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