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Koll R, Theilen J, Hauten E, Woodhouse JN, Thiel R, Möllmann C, Fabrizius A. Network-based integration of omics, physiological and environmental data in real-world Elbe estuarine Zander. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173656. [PMID: 38830414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Coastal and estuarine environments are under endogenic and exogenic pressures jeopardizing survival and diversity of inhabiting biota. Information of possible synergistic effects of multiple (a)biotic stressors and holobiont interaction are largely missing in estuaries like the Elbe but are of importance to estimate unforeseen effects on animals' physiology. Here, we seek to leverage host-transcriptional RNA-seq and gill mucus microbial 16S rRNA metabarcoding data coupled with physiological and abiotic measurements in a network analysis approach to decipher the impact of multiple stressors on the health of juvenile Sander lucioperca along one of the largest European estuaries. We find mesohaline areas characterized by gill tissue specific transcriptional responses matching osmosensing and tissue remodeling. Liver transcriptomes instead emphasized that zander from highly turbid areas were undergoing starvation which was supported by compromised body condition. Potential pathogenic bacteria, including Shewanella, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Chryseobacterium, dominated the gill microbiome along the freshwater transition and oxygen minimum zone. Their occurrence coincided with a strong adaptive and innate transcriptional immune response in host gill and enhanced energy demand in liver tissue supporting their potential pathogenicity. Taken together, we show physiological responses of a fish species and its microbiome to abiotic factors whose impact is expected to increase with consequences of climate change. We further present a method for the close-meshed detection of the main stressors and bacterial species with disease potential in a highly productive ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Koll
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Cell- and Systems Biology of Animals, Molecular Animal Physiology, Germany.
| | - Jesse Theilen
- University of Hamburg, Department of Biology, Biodiversity Research, Germany
| | - Elena Hauten
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Marine ecosystem dynamics, Germany
| | - Jason Nicholas Woodhouse
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Cell- and Systems Biology of Animals, Molecular Animal Physiology, Germany; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Microbial and phytoplankton Ecology, Germany
| | - Ralf Thiel
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) - Hamburg site, Centre for Taxonomy & Morphology, Zoological Museum, Germany; University of Hamburg, Department of Biology, Biodiversity Research, Germany
| | - Christian Möllmann
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Marine ecosystem dynamics, Germany
| | - Andrej Fabrizius
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Cell- and Systems Biology of Animals, Molecular Animal Physiology, Germany
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Shaghaghi N, Fazlollahi F, Shrivastav T, Graham A, Mayer J, Liu B, Jiang G, Govindaraju N, Garg S, Dunigan K, Ferguson P. DOxy: A Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3253. [PMID: 38794107 PMCID: PMC11125910 DOI: 10.3390/s24103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in water enables marine life. Measuring the prevalence of DO in a body of water is an important part of sustainability efforts because low oxygen levels are a primary indicator of contamination and distress in bodies of water. Therefore, aquariums and aquaculture of all types are in need of near real-time dissolved oxygen monitoring and spend a lot of money on purchasing and maintaining DO meters that are either expensive, inefficient, or manually operated-in which case they also need to ensure that manual readings are taken frequently which is time consuming. Hence a cost-effective and sustainable automated Internet of Things (IoT) system for this task is necessary and long overdue. DOxy, is such an IoT system under research and development at Santa Clara University's Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computing (EPIC) Laboratory which utilizes cost-effective, accessible, and sustainable Sensing Units (SUs) for measuring the dissolved oxygen levels present in bodies of water which send their readings to a web based cloud infrastructure for storage, analysis, and visualization. DOxy's SUs are equipped with a High-sensitivity Pulse Oximeter meant for measuring dissolved oxygen levels in human blood, not water. Hence a number of parallel readings of water samples were gathered by both the High-sensitivity Pulse Oximeter and a standard dissolved oxygen meter. Then, two approaches for relating the readings were investigated. In the first, various machine learning models were trained and tested to produce a dynamic mapping of sensor readings to actual DO values. In the second, curve-fitting models were used to produce a successful conversion formula usable in the DOxy SUs offline. Both proved successful in producing accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Shaghaghi
- Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computing (EPIC) Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSEN), School of Engineering (SoE), Santa Clara University (SCU), Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
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3
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Zhao C, Song Y, Zhang G, Zhang K, Yin S, Ji J. Multi-omics analysis identifies sex-specific hepatic protein-metabolite networks in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) exposed to chronic hypoxia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131892. [PMID: 38677698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia disrupts the endocrine system of teleosts. The liver plays important roles in the endocrine system, energy storage, and metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific hepatic response of yellow catfish under chronic hypoxia at the multi-omics level. Common hepatic responses in both sexes included the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Hypoxia dysregulated primary bile acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and vitellogenin levels in female fish. Endoplasmic reticulum function in females also tended to be disrupted by hypoxia, as evidenced by significantly enriched pathways, including ribosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and RNA degradation. Other pathways, including the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, were highly enriched by hypoxia in male fish, suggesting that mitochondrial function was dysregulated. In both sexes of yellow catfish, the cell cycle was arrested and apoptosis was inhibited under chronic hypoxia. Multi-omics suggested that SLC2A5, CD209, LGMN, and NEDD8 served as sex-specific markers in these fish under chronic hypoxia. Our results provide insights into hepatic adaptation to chronic hypoxia and facilitate our understanding of sex-specific responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, China.
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Ismail ET, El-Son MAM, El-Gohary FA, Zahran E. Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio spp. infected gilthead sea breams from coastal farms at Damietta, Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:129. [PMID: 38561778 PMCID: PMC10986055 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibriosis is one of the most serious bacterial diseases and causes high morbidity and mortality among cultured sea breams. This study was undertaken to track the surveillance of Vibrio infection and its correlation to environmental factors. A total of 115 gilthead sea breams were collected seasonally from a private earthen pond fish farm in the Shatta area of Damietta, Egypt from September 2022 to July 2023. Physicochemical parameters of water were analyzed, and heavy metal levels were measured. The fish samples were subjected to clinical, bacteriological, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) fingerprinting, and hematoxylin and Eosin histopathological staining. RESULTS The results revealed significant variations in the water quality parameters over different seasons, in addition to an increase in heavy metals. Naturally infected fish showed external signs and postmortem lesions that were relevant to bacterial infection. Two dominant Vibrio subspecies of bacteria were identified: V. alginolyticus (205 isolates) and V. fluvialis (87 isolates). PCR confirmed the presence of V. alginolyticus using the species-specific primer collagenase at 737 bp. The highest prevalence of V. alginolyticus was detected during the summer season (57.72%), and the lowest prevalence was observed in autumn (39.75%). The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between V. alginolyticus and water temperature (r = 0.69). On the other hand, V. fluvialis showed a high prevalence during the autumn season (25.30%) and the lowest prevalence during the summer season (10.56%), where it was negatively correlated with water temperatures (r =-0.03). ERIC fingerprinting showed genetic variation within the Vibrio isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, and resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values for V. alginolyticus and V. fluvialis ranged from 0.3 to 0.7, with a multi-drug resistance pattern to at least three antibiotics. Histopathological alterations in the affected tissues revealed marked hemorrhage, vascular congestion, and hemosiderosis infiltration. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential propagation of waterborne diseases and antibiotic resistance in the environment. Ensuring that the environment does not serve as a reservoir for virulent and contagious Vibrio species is a critical concern for regional aquaculture industries. Therefore, we recommend implementing environmental context-specific monitoring and surveillance tools for microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Tawfeek Ismail
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mai A M El-Son
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma A El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Souza RJF, Matos ER, da Silva Souza AL, Fazzi-Gomes PF, de Melo NFAC, Owatari MS, Palheta GDA, Takata R, Sterzelecki FC. Dietary effect of multi-strain prebiotics and probiotics on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphometry, and resistance to hypoxia in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1061-1072. [PMID: 38072900 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a multi-strain prebiotics and probiotics on the diet of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. One hundred and fifty juvenile tambaqui (20.2 ± 3.6 g and 10.32 ± 5.78 cm) were randomly distributed in 15 experimental units with a volume of 80 L and fed for 45 days with a diet containing the symbiotic additive at five inclusion levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g kg feed- 1). At the end of the period, growth performance, survival, hemato-biochemical and intestinal parameters, as well as the fish's resistance to stress were evaluated. The additive did not alter the growth performance, hemato-biochemical and intestinal parameters of the tambaqui. However, the hemato-biochemical parameters of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma protein, hematocrit, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol showed differences between treatments after the stress challenge. AST increased significantly during challenge and post-challenge. Plasma protein increased significantly during and after the challenge. The hematocrit was highest at 48 h after the challenge and lowest in the 2 g, 6 g and 8 g groups. Glucose was significantly reduced 24 h after the challenge, while triglycerides were lower 24 h and 48 h after the challenge. Cholesterol increased significantly in the challenge. There was an interaction between the factors sampling time and symbiotic concentration for hematocrit and glucose. In hypoxic stress situations, the 2 g concentration was more favorable for the fish. We recommend further studies with 2 g kg feed- 1 in trials lasting more than 45 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael José Furtado Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Edilson Rodrigues Matos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Aldry Lorran da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Paola Fabiana Fazzi-Gomes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- Aquaculture Department, Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory - AQUOS, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA/UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Glauber David Almeida Palheta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Takata
- Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro -FIPERJ, Avenida Presidente Vargas, 197, Cordeiro, RJ, CEP 28540000, Brasil
| | - Fabio Carneiro Sterzelecki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Nº 2501 Bairro: Terra Firme Cep: 66, Belém, PA, 077-830, Brasil
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Nuic B, Bowden A, Franklin CE, Cramp RL. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar do not prioritize digestion when energetic budgets are constrained by warming and hypoxia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38426401 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
During summer, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can experience prolonged periods of warming and low aquatic oxygen levels due to climate change. This often results in a drop in feed intake; however, the physiological mechanism behind this behaviour is unclear. Digestion is a metabolically expensive process that can demand a high proportion of an animal's energy budget and might not be sustainable under future warming scenarios. We investigated the effects of elevated temperature and acute hypoxia on specific dynamic action (SDA; the energetic cost of digestion), and how much of the energy budget (i.e. aerobic scope, AS) was occupied by SDA in juvenile Atlantic salmon. AS was 9% lower in 21°C-acclimated fish compared to fish reared at their optimum temperature (15°C) and was reduced by ~50% by acute hypoxia (50% air saturation) at both temperatures. Furthermore, we observed an increase in peak oxygen uptake rate during digestion which occupied ~13% of the AS at 15°C and ~20% of AS at 21°C, and increased the total cost of digestion at 21°C. The minimum oxygen tolerance threshold in digesting fish was ~42% and ~53% at 15 and 21°C, respectively, and when digesting fish were exposed to acute hypoxia, gut transit was delayed. Thus, these stressors result in a greater proportion of the available energy budget being directed away from digestion. Moderate environmental hypoxia under both optimal and high temperatures severely impedes digestion and should be avoided to limit exacerbating temperature effects on fish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nuic
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alyssa Bowden
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gomes M, Lopes VM, Mai MG, Paula JR, Bispo R, Batista H, Barraca C, Baylina N, Rosa R, Pimentel MS. Impacts of acute hypoxia on the short-snouted seahorse metabolism and behaviour. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166893. [PMID: 37696409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Seahorses are one of the most unique and enigmatic animals, recognized as flagship species for several conservation issues. Unfortunately, seahorses' populations have been declining and their unique lifestyle may constrain the ability of these animals to evolve in the future climate scenarios. They inhabit shallow coastal waters that display daily or seasonal environmental fluctuations. Yet, few studies have scrutinized the impacts of climate changes on these iconic species. Within this context, the objective of this work was to test the effects of an extreme hypoxia exposure (~27 % dissolved oxygen for approximately 7 h) on the metabolism, behaviour and food intake of the temperate seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus. Regarding metabolism, hypoxia exposure led to a significant reduction in metabolic rates and an increase in ventilation rates. Seahorses showed signs of movement lethargy under oxygen depletion. The results show that a small but extreme exposure to hypoxia is tolerable by seahorses despite inducing metabolic and behavioural changes, that may jeopardize the future development and survival of these iconic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Gomes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa M Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Monica G Mai
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - José R Paula
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Regina Bispo
- Center for Mathematics and Applications (NovaMath), FCT NOVA and Department of Mathematics, FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Batista
- Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I, 1900-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Barraca
- Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I, 1900-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Núria Baylina
- Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I, 1900-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta S Pimentel
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Ducros L, Touaibia M, Pichaud N, Lamarre SG. Resilience and phenotypic plasticity of Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) facing cyclic hypoxia: insights into growth, energy stores and hepatic metabolism. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad099. [PMID: 38107465 PMCID: PMC10724465 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is facing the decline of its southernmost populations due to several factors including rising temperatures and eutrophication. These conditions are also conducive to episodes of cyclic hypoxia, another possible threat to this species. In fact, lack of oxygen and reoxygenation can both have serious consequences on fish as a result of altered ATP balance and an elevated risk of oxidative burst. Thus, fish must adjust their phenotype to survive and equilibrate their energetic budget. However, their energy allocation strategy could imply a reduction in growth which could be deleterious for their fitness. Although the impact of cyclic hypoxia is a major issue for ecosystems and fisheries worldwide, our knowledge on how salmonid deal with high oxygen fluctuations remains limited. Our objective was to characterize the effects of cyclic hypoxia on growth and metabolism in Arctic char. We monitored growth parameters (specific growth rate, condition factor), hepatosomatic and visceral indexes, relative heart mass and hematocrit of Arctic char exposed to 30 days of cyclic hypoxia. We also measured the hepatic protein synthesis rate, hepatic triglycerides as well as muscle glucose, glycogen and lactate and quantified hepatic metabolites during this treatment. The first days of cyclic hypoxia slightly reduce growth performance with a downward trend in specific growth rate in mass and condition factor variation compared to the control group. This acute exposure also induced a profound metabolome reorganization in the liver with an alteration of amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. However, fish rebalanced their metabolic activities and successfully maintained their growth and energetic reserves after 1 month of cyclic hypoxia. These results demonstrate the impressive ability of Arctic char to cope with its changing environment but also highlight a certain vulnerability of this species during the first days of a cyclic hypoxia event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïck Ducros
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton E1A 3E9, NB, Canada
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton E1A 3E9, NB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton E1A 3E9, NB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton E1A 3E9, NB, Canada
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton E1A 3E9, NB, Canada
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9
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Earhart ML, Blanchard TS, Strowbridge N, Sheena R, McMaster C, Staples B, Brauner CJ, Baker DW, Schulte PM. Heatwave resilience of juvenile white sturgeon is associated with epigenetic and transcriptional alterations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15451. [PMID: 37723229 PMCID: PMC10507091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and severity, posing a significant threat to organisms globally. In aquatic environments heatwaves are often associated with low environmental oxygen, which is a deadly combination for fish. However, surprisingly little is known about the capacity of fishes to withstand these interacting stressors. This issue is particularly critical for species of extreme conservation concern such as sturgeon. We assessed the tolerance of juvenile white sturgeon from an endangered population to heatwave exposure and investigated how this exposure affects tolerance to additional acute stressors. We measured whole-animal thermal and hypoxic performance and underlying epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms. Sturgeon exposed to a simulated heatwave had increased thermal tolerance and exhibited complete compensation for the effects of acute hypoxia. These changes were associated with an increase in mRNA levels involved in thermal and hypoxic stress (hsp90a, hsp90b, hsp70 and hif1a) following these stressors. Global DNA methylation was sensitive to heatwave exposure and rapidly responded to acute thermal and hypoxia stress over the course of an hour. These data demonstrate that juvenile white sturgeon exhibit substantial resilience to heatwaves, associated with improved cross-tolerance to additional acute stressors and involving rapid responses in both epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Earhart
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Tessa S Blanchard
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicholas Strowbridge
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ravinder Sheena
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Clark McMaster
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benjamin Staples
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel W Baker
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Qin H, Zhang X, Xie T, Gao Y, Li J, Jia Y. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis reveals that Hif1α/ldha signal is involved in the regulation of hypoxia stress in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101098. [PMID: 37229966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has become a common problem for aquatic organisms due to the interaction of global climate change and human activity. Black rockfish inhabits rocky reefs in waters of Japan, Korea and China, whereas the limited hypoxia tolerance leads to mass mortality and great economic loss. In this study, high-throughput RNA-seq for transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate the hepatic response in black rockfish under hypoxia (critical oxygen tension, Pcrit; loss of equilibrium, LOE) and reoxygenation (recover normal dissolved oxygen 24 h, R24) to explore the mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance and adaptation. A total of 573,040,410 clean reads and 299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in total were obtained during hypoxia and reoxygenation. GO annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrated that the DEGs are mainly enriched in the biochemical metabolic pathways and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Transcriptomic analysis also identified 18 DEGs associated with HIF-1 signaling pathway (hif1α, tf, epo, hmox, gult1, mknk2, ldha, pfkfb3, hkdc, aldoa) and biological process (hif2α, apoeb, bcl6, mr1, errfi1, slc38a4, igfbp1a, ap4m1) as further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, hif1α was positively or negatively correlated with glucose (ldha, pfkfb3, hkdc, aldoa) and lipid (apoeb) metabolism-related genes. The mRNA level of hif1α was significantly up-regulated under acute hypoxia stress and obtained the higher values than hif2α. Meanwhile, hif1α recognized the hypoxia response element located in the promoter of ldha and directly bound to the promoter to transactivate ldha expression. These results indicated that black rockfish may mainly utilize glycolysis to maintain homeostasis, and hif1α facilities hypoxia tolerance by modulating ldha expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qin
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Juan Li
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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11
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Cai L, Huang Y, Johnson D, Li M, Liu R, Hu W, Jin Y, Chen X, Tao J, Zou X, Hou Y. Swimming ability of cyprinid species (subfamily schizothoracinae) at high altitude. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1152697. [PMID: 37546530 PMCID: PMC10399625 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1152697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this investigation was to study the effect of altitude on fish swimming ability. Different species were tested to ensure that the differences observed are not associated with a single species. Fish critical swimming speed and burst speed were determined using stepped-velocity tests in a Brett-type swimming respirometer. Based on the effects of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, it is clear that the swimming ability of fish decreases as altitude increases. Further, because the effects of high altitude on fish physiology go beyond the effects of lower temperature and dissolved oxygen, we recommend that fish swimming ability be tested at an altitude similar to the target fishway site to ensure the validity of fish data used for fishway design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - David Johnson
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA, United States
| | - Minne Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of PowerChina, Xian, China
| | - Wangbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Jiang T, Liang YS, Gu Y, Yao FC, Liu YF, Zhang KX, Song FB, Sun JL, Luo J. Different reoxygenation rates induce different metabolic, apoptotic and immune responses in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) after hypoxic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108640. [PMID: 36871632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for teleosts, and fluctuating environmental factors can result in hypoxic stress in the golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii). However, it is unknown whether different recovery speeds of DO concentration after hypoxia induce stress in T. blochii. In this study, T. blochii was subjected to hypoxic conditions (1.9 ± 0.2 mg/L) for 12 h followed by 12 h of reoxygenation at two different speeds (30 mg/L per hour and 1.7 mg/L per hour increasing). The gradual reoxygenation group (GRG), experienced DO recovery (1.9 ± 0.2 to 6.8 ± 0.2 mg/L) within 3 h, and the rapid reoxygenation group (RRG), experienced DO recovery (1.9 ± 0.2 to 6.8 ± 0.2 mg/L) within 10 min. Physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolism (glucose, glycegon, lactic acid (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvic acid (PA), phosphofructokinase (PFKA), and hexokinase (HK), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1)) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq of liver) were monitored to identify the effects of the two reoxygenation speeds. Increased LD content and increased activity of LDH, PA, PFKA, and HK suggested enhanced anaerobic glycolysis under hypoxic stress. LD and LDH levels remained significantly elevated during reoxygenation, indicating that the effects of hypoxia were not immediately alleviated during reoxygenation. The expressions of PGM2, PFKA, GAPDH, and PK were increased in the RRG, which suggests that glycolysis was enhanced. The same pattern was not observed in the GRG. Additionally, In the RRG, reoxygenation may promote glycolysis to guarantee energy supply. However, the GRG may through the lipid metabolism such as steroid biosynthesis at the later stage of reoxygenation. In the aspect of apoptosis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the RRG were enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, which promoted cell apoptosis, while DEGs in the GRG seem to activate cell apoptosis at early stage of reoxygenation but was restrained latterly. DEGs in both the RRG and the GRG were enriched in the NF-kappa B and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, the RRG may induce cell survival by regulating the expression of IL-12B, COX2, and Bcl-XL, while in the GRG it may induce by regulating the expression of IL-8. Moreover, DEGs in the RRG were also enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This research revealed that at different velocity of reoxygenation after hypoxic stress, T. blochii would represent different metabolic, apoptotic and immune strategies, and this conclusion would provide new insight into the response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Ye Song Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Fu Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yi Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Kai Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Fei Biao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jun Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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13
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Coffill-Rivera ME, Neal JW, Allen PJ. Effects of temperature on metabolic rate and lower dissolved oxygen tolerance of juvenile speckled peacock bass Cichla temensis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:635-642. [PMID: 36604779 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The speckled peacock bass Cichla temensis is a popular sport and food fish that generates substantial angling tourism and utilitarian harvest within its range. Its popularity and value make this species important for management and a potential aquaculture candidate for both fisheries enhancement and food fish production. However, little is known of optimal physiochemical conditions in natural habitats, which also are important for the development of hatchery protocols for handling, spawning and grow-out. Speckled peacock bass have been documented to have high sensitivity to extreme temperatures, but the metabolic underpinnings have not been evaluated. In this study, the effects of temperature (25, 30 and 35°C) on the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and lower dissolved oxygen tolerance (LDOT) of juvenile speckled peacock bass (mean ± standard error total length 153 ± 2 mm and wet weight 39.09 ± 1.37 g) were evaluated using intermittent respirometers after an acclimation period of 2 weeks. Speckled peacock bass had the highest SMR at 35°C (345.56 ± 19.89 mgO2 kg-1 h-1 ), followed by 30°C (208.16 ± 12.45 mgO2 kg-1 h-1 ) and 25°C (144.09 ± 10.43 mgO2 kg-1 h-1 ). Correspondingly, the Q10 , or rate of increase in aerobic metabolic rate (MO2 ) relative to 10°C, for 30-35°C was also greater (2.76) than from 25 to 30°C (2.08). Similarly, speckled peacock bass were the most sensitive to hypoxia at the warmest temperature, with an LDOT at pO2 of 90 mmHg (4.13 mg l-1 ) at 35°C compared to pO2 values of 45 mmHg (2.22 mg l-1 ) and 30 mmHg (1.61 mg l-1 ) at 30 and 25°C, respectively. These results indicate that speckled peacock bass are sensitive to temperatures near 35°C, therefore we recommend managing and rearing this species at 25-30°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Coffill-Rivera
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - J Wesley Neal
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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14
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Galli GLJ, Shiels HA, White E, Couturier CS, Stecyk JAW. The air-breathing Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) suppresses brain mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to survive cold hypoxic winters. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111355. [PMID: 36529208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) is the only air-breathing fish in the Arctic. In the summer, a modified esophagus allows the fish to extract oxygen from the air, but this behavior is not possible in the winter because of ice and snow cover. The lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and near freezing temperatures in winter is expected to severely compromise metabolism, and yet remarkably, overwintering Alaska blackfish remain active. To maintain energy balance in the brain and limit the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that cold hypoxic conditions would trigger brain mitochondrial remodeling in the Alaska blackfish. To address this hypothesis, fish were acclimated to warm (15 °C) normoxia, cold (5 °C) normoxia or cold hypoxia (5 °C, 2.1-4.2 kPa; no air access) for 5-8 weeks. Mitochondrial respiration, ADP affinity and H202 production were measured at 10 °C in isolated brain homogenates with an Oroboros respirometer. Cold acclimation and chronic hypoxia had no effects on mitochondrial aerobic capacity or ADP affinity. However, cold acclimation in normoxia led to a suppression of brain mitochondrial H202 production, which persisted and became more pronounced in the cold hypoxic fish. Overall, our study suggests cold acclimation supresses ROS production in Alaska blackfish, which may protect the fish from oxidative stress when oxygen becomes limited during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Ed White
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine S Couturier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A W Stecyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America
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15
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Cerra MC, Filice M, Caferro A, Mazza R, Gattuso A, Imbrogno S. Cardiac Hypoxia Tolerance in Fish: From Functional Responses to Cell Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021460. [PMID: 36674975 PMCID: PMC9866870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animals are increasingly challenged by O2 fluctuations as a result of global warming, as well as eutrophication processes. Teleost fish show important species-specific adaptability to O2 deprivation, moving from intolerance to a full tolerance of hypoxia and even anoxia. An example is provided by members of Cyprinidae which includes species that are amongst the most tolerant hypoxia/anoxia teleosts. Living at low water O2 requires the mandatory preservation of the cardiac function to support the metabolic and hemodynamic requirements of organ and tissues which sustain whole organism performance. A number of orchestrated events, from metabolism to behavior, converge to shape the heart response to the restricted availability of the gas, also limiting the potential damages for cells and tissues. In cyprinids, the heart is extraordinarily able to activate peculiar strategies of functional preservation. Accordingly, by using these teleosts as models of tolerance to low O2, we will synthesize and discuss literature data to describe the functional changes, and the major molecular events that allow the heart of these fish to sustain adaptability to O2 deprivation. By crossing the boundaries of basic research and environmental physiology, this information may be of interest also in a translational perspective, and in the context of conservative physiology, in which the output of the research is applicable to environmental management and decision making.
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Gilthead Seabream Liver Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Regulation by Different Prosurvival Pathways in the Metabolic Adaptation to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315395. [PMID: 36499720 PMCID: PMC9741202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the molecular mechanisms of stress appraisal on farmed fish is paramount to ensuring a sustainable aquaculture. Stress exposure can either culminate in the organism's adaptation or aggravate into a metabolic shutdown, characterized by irreversible cellular damage and deleterious effects on fish performance, welfare, and survival. Multiomics can improve our understanding of the complex stressed phenotype in fish and the molecular mediators that regulate the underlying processes of the molecular stress response. We profiled the stress proteome and metabolome of Sparus aurata responding to different challenges common to aquaculture production, characterizing the disturbed pathways in the fish liver, i.e., the central organ in mounting the stress response. Label-free shotgun proteomics and untargeted metabolomics analyses identified 1738 proteins and 120 metabolites, separately. Mass spectrometry data have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange, with the identifier PXD036392, and via MetaboLights, with the identifier MTBLS5940. Integrative multivariate statistical analysis, performed with data integration analysis for biomarker discovery using latent components (DIABLO), depicted the 10 most-relevant features. Functional analysis of these selected features revealed an intricate network of regulatory components, modulating different signaling pathways related to cellular stress, e.g., the mTORC1 pathway, the unfolded protein response, endocytosis, and autophagy to different extents according to the stress nature. These results shed light on the dynamics and extent of this species' metabolic reprogramming under chronic stress, supporting future studies on stress markers' discovery and fish welfare research.
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Somo DA, Chu K, Richards JG. Aerobic scope falls to nil at Pcrit and anaerobic ATP production increases below Pcrit in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220342. [PMID: 36475421 PMCID: PMC9727657 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical oxygen tension of whole-animal oxygen uptake rate, or Pcrit, has historically been defined as the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) at which aerobic scope falls to zero and further declines in PO2 require substrate-level phosphorylation to meet shortfalls in aerobic ATP production, thereby time-limiting survival. Despite the inclusion of aerobic scope and anaerobic ATP production in the definition, little effort has been made to verify that Pcrit measurements, the vast majority of which are obtained using respirometry in resting animals, actually reflect the predictions of zero aerobic scope and a transition to increasing reliance on anaerobic ATP production. To test these predictions, we compared aerobic scope and levels of whole-body lactate at oxygen partial pressures (PO2s) bracketing Pcrit obtained in resting fish during progressive hypoxia in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus. We found that aerobic scope falls to zero at Pcrit and, in resting fish exposed to PO2s < Pcrit, whole-body lactate accumulated pointing to an increased reliance on anaerobic ATP production. These results support the interpretation of Pcrit as a key oxygen threshold at which aerobic scope falls to nil and, below Pcrit, survival is time-limited based on anaerobic metabolic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Somo
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Ken Chu
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jeffrey G. Richards
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Zhou D, Wang C, Zheng J, Zhao J, Wei S, Xiong Y, Limbu SM, Kong Y, Cao F, Ding Z. Dietary thiamine modulates carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant status, and alleviates hypoxia stress in oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (de Haan). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:42-53. [PMID: 36191902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the challenges in prawns aquaculture. However, the role of thiamine, which is a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism with antioxidant properties, in reducing hypoxia in prawns aquaculture is currently unknown. We investigated the effects of thiamine on antioxidant status, carbohydrate metabolism and acute hypoxia in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. One thousand eight hundred prawns (0.123 ± 0.003 g) were fed five diets (60 prawns each tank, six replicates per diet) supplemented with graded thiamine levels (5.69, 70.70, 133.67, 268.33 and 532.00 mg/kg dry mater) for eight weeks and then exposed to hypoxia stress for 12 h followed by reoxyegnation for 12 h. The results showed that, under normoxia, prawns fed the 133.67 or 268.33 mg/kg thiamine diet had significantly lower glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities than those fed the other diets. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased significantly when prawns were fed the 133.67 mg/kg thiamine diet. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content also increased significantly when prawns were fed the 268.33 or 532.00 mg/kg thiamine diet under hypoxia. And the significantly increased SOD activity and MDA level also observed in prawns fed 532.00 mg/kg thiamine under reoxygenation. Under normoxia, prawns fed the 70.70 or 133.67 mg/kg thiamine diet decreased the mRNA expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPK-α), pyruvate dehydrogenase-E1-α subunit (PDH-E1-α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1s (HIF-1α, HIF-1β), but increased the mRNA expressions of phosphofructokinase (PFK) significantly. After 12 h of hypoxia, the energy metabolism related genes (AMPK-β, AMPK-γ, PFK, PDH-E1-α), hypoxia-inducible factor related genes (HIF-1α, HIF-1β) and thiamine transporter gene (SLC19A2) were up-regulated significantly in prawns fed the 133.67 or 268.33 mg/kg thiamine diets. After 12 h of reoxygenation, prawns fed the 133.67 or 268.33 mg/kg diet significantly decreased the SOD activity, MDA level and SLC19A2 mRNA expression compared with other diets. The optimum thiamine was 161.20 mg/kg for minimum MDA content and 143.17 mg/kg for maximum T-AOC activity based on cubic regression analysis. In summary, supplementing 143.17 to 161.20 mg/kg thiamine in the diets for M. nipponense improves the antioxidant capacity under normoxia and reduces the oxidative damage under hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Chengli Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxian Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Youqin Kong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Zhili Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
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Dichiera AM, Negrete, Jr B, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ. The role of carbonic anhydrase-mediated tissue oxygen extraction in a marine teleost acclimated to hypoxia. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:281316. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
With the growing prevalence of hypoxia (O2 levels ≤2 mg l−1) in aquatic and marine ecosystems, there is increasing interest in the adaptive mechanisms fish may employ to better their performance in stressful environments. Here, we investigated the contribution of a proposed strategy for enhancing tissue O2 extraction – plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA-IV) – under hypoxia in a species of estuarine fish (red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus) that thrives in fluctuating habitats. We predicted that hypoxia-acclimated fish would increase the prevalence of CA-IV in aerobically demanding tissues to confer more efficient tissue O2 extraction. Furthermore, we predicted the phenotypic changes to tissue O2 extraction that occur with hypoxia acclimation may improve respiratory and swim performance under 100% O2 conditions (i.e. normoxia) when compared with performance in fish that have not been acclimated to hypoxia. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in relative CA-IV mRNA expression, protein abundance or enzyme activity between the two treatments, suggesting CA-IV function is maintained under hypoxia. Likewise, respiratory performance of hypoxia-acclimated fish was similar to that of control fish when tested in normoxia. Critical swim speed (Ucrit) was significantly higher in hypoxia-acclimated fish but translated to marginal ecological benefits with an increase of ∼0.3 body lengths per second. Instead, hypoxia-acclimated fish may have relied more heavily on anaerobic metabolism during their swim trials, utilizing burst swimming 1.5 times longer than control fish. While the maintenance of CA-IV may still be an important contributor for hypoxia tolerance, our evidence suggests hypoxia-acclimated red drum are using other mechanisms to cope in an O2-depleted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina M. Dichiera
- The University of British Columbia 1 Department of Zoology , , Vancouver, BC , Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Benjamin Negrete, Jr
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin 2 , Port Aransas, TX 78373 , USA
| | - Kerri Lynn Ackerly
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin 2 , Port Aransas, TX 78373 , USA
| | - Andrew J. Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin 2 , Port Aransas, TX 78373 , USA
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Kolesnikova EE, Golovina IV, Soldatov AA, Gavruseva TV. Synchronized Activity of Oxidoreductases in the Brain and Heart Compartments of the Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus under Acute Hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Woods HA, Moran AL, Atkinson D, Audzijonyte A, Berenbrink M, Borges FO, Burnett KG, Burnett LE, Coates CJ, Collin R, Costa-Paiva EM, Duncan MI, Ern R, Laetz EMJ, Levin LA, Lindmark M, Lucey NM, McCormick LR, Pierson JJ, Rosa R, Roman MR, Sampaio E, Schulte PM, Sperling EA, Walczyńska A, Verberk WCEP. Integrative Approaches to Understanding Organismal Responses to Aquatic Deoxygenation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:85-103. [PMID: 36548975 DOI: 10.1086/722899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOxygen bioavailability is declining in aquatic systems worldwide as a result of climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. For aquatic organisms, the consequences are poorly known but are likely to reflect both direct effects of declining oxygen bioavailability and interactions between oxygen and other stressors, including two-warming and acidification-that have received substantial attention in recent decades and that typically accompany oxygen changes. Drawing on the collected papers in this symposium volume ("An Oxygen Perspective on Climate Change"), we outline the causes and consequences of declining oxygen bioavailability. First, we discuss the scope of natural and predicted anthropogenic changes in aquatic oxygen levels. Although modern organisms are the result of long evolutionary histories during which they were exposed to natural oxygen regimes, anthropogenic change is now exposing them to more extreme conditions and novel combinations of low oxygen with other stressors. Second, we identify behavioral and physiological mechanisms that underlie the interactive effects of oxygen with other stressors, and we assess the range of potential organismal responses to oxygen limitation that occur across levels of biological organization and over multiple timescales. We argue that metabolism and energetics provide a powerful and unifying framework for understanding organism-oxygen interactions. Third, we conclude by outlining a set of approaches for maximizing the effectiveness of future work, including focusing on long-term experiments using biologically realistic variation in experimental factors and taking truly cross-disciplinary and integrative approaches to understanding and predicting future effects.
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Liu B, Wen H, Yang J, Li X, Li G, Zhang J, Wu S, Butts IAE, He F. Hypoxia Affects HIF-1/LDH-A Signaling Pathway by Methylation Modification and Transcriptional Regulation in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081233. [PMID: 36009861 PMCID: PMC9405012 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With global climate change and increased aquaculture production, fishes in natural waters or aquaculture systems are easily subjected to hypoxic stress. However, our understanding about their responsive mechanisms to hypoxia is still limited. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a widely cultivated marine economical flatfish, whose hypoxic responsive mechanisms are not fully researched. In this study, responses to hypoxia were investigated at blood physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and molecular levels. Responsive mechanisms of the HIF-1/LDH-A signaling pathway in epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation were also researched. These results are important for enriching the theory of environmental responsive mechanisms and guiding aquaculture. Abstract Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) responsive mechanisms to hypoxia are still not fully understood. Therefore, we performed an acute hypoxic treatment (dissolved oxygen at 2.07 ± 0.08 mg/L) on Japanese flounder. It was confirmed that the hypoxic stress affected the physiological phenotype through changes in blood physiology (RBC, HGB, WBC), biochemistry (LDH, ALP, ALT, GLU, TC, TG, ALB), and hormone (cortisol) indicators. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), an essential oxygen homeostasis mediator in organisms consisting of an inducible HIF-1α and a constitutive HIF-1β, and its target gene LDH-A were deeply studied. Results showed that HIF-1α and LDH-A genes were co-expressed and significantly affected by hypoxic stress. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that transcription factor HIF-1 transcriptionally regulated the LDH-A gene, and its transcription binding sequence was GGACGTGA located at −2343~−2336. The DNA methylation status of HIF-1α and LDH-A genes were detected to understand the mechanism of environmental stress on genes. It was found that hypoxia affected the HIF-1α gene and LDH-A gene methylation levels. The study uncovered HIF-1/LDH-A signaling pathway responsive mechanisms of Japanese flounder to hypoxia in epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation. Our study is significant to further the understanding of environmental responsive mechanisms as well as providing a reference for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Guangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ian AE Butts
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
- Correspondence:
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Xu XN, Chen SL, Jiang ZX, Nissa MU, Zou SM. Gill remodeling increases the respiratory surface area of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under hypoxic stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 272:111278. [PMID: 35872080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal changes, diurnal variations, and eutrophication result in periodic hypoxia in fish habitats, thus affecting the success of commercial aquaculture. In this study, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) presented moderate hypoxia tolerance; they showed a medium critical oxygen tension during the loss of equilibrium. In response to 7 d of hypoxic exposure, the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration significantly increased (p < 0.01). To cope with the hypoxic environment, the grass carp underwent gill remodeling marked by reduction in the interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) and an increase in respiratory surface area. The gill remodeling under hypoxia was enabled by apoptosis induction. Although apoptotic signals were not found on ILCM cells, transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay results indicated that after 1 d of hypoxic exposure, the number of TUNEL-positive cells per lamella increased until 4 d and then began to decrease. Consistent with the results of the TUNEL assay, the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, increased at 1, 4, and 7 d of the hypoxia treatment. In addition, gill remodeling significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the fish serum. These findings provide evidence that grass carps increase their respiratory surface area through gill remodeling by apoptosis in the gill filaments to acclimate to a hypoxic environment. This study expands our understanding of the morphological and physiological changes in grass carp in response to a hypoxic environment; therefore, it could be useful for maintaining grass carp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xu
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhu-Xiang Jiang
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Meher Un Nissa
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Han B, Meng Y, Tian H, Li C, Li Y, Gongbao C, Fan W, Ma R. Effects of Acute Hypoxic Stress on Physiological and Hepatic Metabolic Responses of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Physiol 2022; 13:921709. [PMID: 35812328 PMCID: PMC9263268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.921709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment simulated the hypoxic environment caused by actual production operations in fish farming (i.e., catching, gathering, transferring, and weighting) to study the effects of acute hypoxic conditions on the physiological and metabolic responses of triploid rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Two groups of fish weighting 590 g were sampled in the normoxia group (dissolved oxygen above 7 mg/L) and hypoxia group (dissolved oxygen ranged from 2 to 5 mg/L for 10 min). The results showed that 1) regarding stress response, hypoxia increased plasma levels of cortisol, heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), lysozyme, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK); induced the expression of hepatic genes encoding nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). 2) Regarding metabolism response, hypoxia increased plasma levels of globulin (GLOB), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); upregulated the hepatic gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (PEPCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO); downregulated the hepatic gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1); and unchanged the expression of hepatic genes in glycolysis and autophagy. 3) In response to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the hepatic HIF-2α gene was activated in the hypoxia group, but HIF-1α gene expression remained unchanged. Thus, during acute hypoxic stress, triploid rainbow trout were in a defensive state, with an enhanced immune response and altered antioxidant status. Additionally, the hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of glucose- and lipid-derived carbon in trout was suppressed, and hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis were activated, which might be regulated by the HIF-2α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuqiong Meng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haining Tian
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaopeng Li
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Caidan Gongbao
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Wenyan Fan
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Ma,
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Organ-Specific Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia Provides Insights to Human Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061096. [PMID: 35741857 PMCID: PMC9222487 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The common carp is a hypoxia-tolerant fish, and the understanding of its ability to live in low-oxygen environments has been applied to human health issues such as cancer and neuron degeneration. Here, we investigated differential gene expression changes during hypoxia in five common carp organs including the brain, the gill, the head kidney, the liver, and the intestine. Based on RNA sequencing, gene expression changes under hypoxic conditions were detected in over 1800 genes in common carp. The analysis of these genes further revealed that all five organs had high expression-specific properties. According to the results of the GO and KEGG, the pathways involved in the adaptation to hypoxia provided information on responses specific to each organ in low oxygen, such as glucose metabolism and energy usage, cholesterol synthesis, cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and dopamine activation. DisGeNET analysis showed that some human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, metabolism diseases, and social ability disorders were related to hypoxia-regulated genes. Our results suggested that common carp undergo various gene regulations in different organs under hypoxic conditions, and integrative bioinformatics may provide some potential targets for advancing disease research.
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Wang J, Chen X, Ge X, Wang Z, Mu W. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of P53 from high latitude fish Phoxinus lagowskii and its response to hypoxia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:631-644. [PMID: 35411444 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an intermediate link between multiple cellular stresses and cellular responses, p53, together with its upstream and downstream regulators and related genes, constitutes a complex network that regulates cellular stresses and cellular responses. However, no studies have investigated p53 in Phoxinus lagowskii, particularly the expression of p53 under different hypoxic conditions. In the present study, the cDNA of p53 from the Phoxinus lagowskii was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of Pl-p53 was 1878 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1116 bp encoding a polypeptide of 371 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.22 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.38. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR assays revealed that Pl-p53 was commonly expressed in all tissues examined, with highest expression in the heart. In addition, we investigated the expression of Pl-p53 in different tissues under different hypoxic conditions. In the short-term hypoxia group, Pl-p53 expression was down-regulated in both the brain and heart. The Pl-p53 expression was significantly elevated at 6 h in the muscle and liver, and was significantly up-regulated at 24 h in spleen. These results suggest that Pl-p53 plays different regulatory roles and provide a theoretical basis for the changes of p53 in fish facing hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xinrui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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Montero-Taboada R, Sotil G, Dionicio-Acedo J, Rosado-Salazar M, Aguirre-Velarde A. Tolerance of juvenile Peruvian rock seabass (Paralabrax humeralis Valenciennes, 1828) and Peruvian grunt (Anisotremus scapularis Tschudi, 1846) to low-oxygen conditions. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1497-1509. [PMID: 35398900 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is currently one of the greatest threats to coastal ecosystems worldwide, generating massive mortality of marine organisms, loss of benthic ecosystems and a decrease in fishery production. We evaluated and compared the tolerance to hypoxia of two species from different habitats of the Peruvian coast, the Peruvian rock seabass Paralabrax humeralis and the Peruvian grunt Anisotremus scapularis. The effect of hypoxia was measured as a function of the exposure time (progressive and chronic) on the behavioural and physiological responses of the two species, as well as on the enzymatic activity associated with the oxidative stress response of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). The ventilatory frequency was measured at two different temperatures (16 and 22°C) under progressive hypoxia conditions to determine the ventilatory critical point (Vcp). A. scapularis showed a higher Vcp than P. humeralis, which was positively affected by temperature. The median lethal time of A. scapularis was 36 min at 60% of oxygen saturation, while P. humeralis showed no mortality after 31 days of exposure at 5% oxygen saturation. Different enzymatic activity (P < 0.05) between species under hypoxia was recorded, in SOD (gill and muscle) and AKP (blood). A general tendency, under hypoxia, to slightly increase LDH activity (except for blood in A. scapularis, P < 0.05) and SOD activity (mainly in muscle of A. scapularis, P < 0.05), and decrease AKP activity (mainly in liver of P. humeralis, P < 0.05) was observed. The response of P. humeralis to hypoxia goes through a reduction in activity and metabolism, so this species can be considered hypoxia-tolerant, allowing it to face hypoxia events during prolonged periods. On the other hand, A. scapularis response to hypoxia prioritizes avoidance mechanisms and, together with other adaptations, makes it especially vulnerable to hypoxia and able to be considered hypoxia-intolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Montero-Taboada
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Carretera Panamerica Sur Km 19, Lima, Peru
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina General Valle y Gamarra S/N, Callao, Peru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Giovanna Sotil
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina General Valle y Gamarra S/N, Callao, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima, Peru
| | - Jhon Dionicio-Acedo
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina General Valle y Gamarra S/N, Callao, Peru
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Blewett TA, Binning SA, Weinrauch AM, Ivy CM, Rossi GS, Borowiec BG, Lau GY, Overduin SL, Aragao I, Norin T. Physiological and behavioural strategies of aquatic animals living in fluctuating environments. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275292. [PMID: 35511083 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shallow or near-shore environments, such as ponds, estuaries and intertidal zones, are among the most physiologically challenging of all aquatic settings. Animals inhabiting these environments experience conditions that fluctuate markedly over relatively short temporal and spatial scales. Living in these habitats requires the ability to tolerate the physiological disturbances incurred by these environmental fluctuations. This tolerance is achieved through a suite of physiological and behavioural responses that allow animals to maintain homeostasis, including the ability to dynamically modulate their physiology through reversible phenotypic plasticity. However, maintaining the plasticity to adjust to some stresses in a dynamic environment may trade off with the capacity to deal with other stressors. This paper will explore studies on select fishes and invertebrates exposed to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH. We assess the physiological mechanisms these species employ to achieve homeostasis, with a focus on the plasticity of their responses, and consider the resulting physiological trade-offs in function. Finally, we discuss additional factors that may influence organismal responses to fluctuating environments, such as the presence of multiple stressors, including parasites. We echo recent calls from experimental biologists to consider physiological responses to life in naturally fluctuating environments, not only because they are interesting in their own right but also because they can reveal mechanisms that may be crucial for living with increasing environmental instability as a consequence of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Catherine M Ivy
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Giulia S Rossi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada, M1C 1A4
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Sienna L Overduin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Isabel Aragao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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de Assis Porto L, Melo RMC, Beier SL, Luz RK, Favero GC. Lophiosilurus alexandri, a sedentary bottom fish, adjusts its physiological parameters to survive in hypoxia condition. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1793-1804. [PMID: 34519883 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated blood gas, hematological and biochemical parameters, and gill morphology of Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles submitted to hypoxia for 48 h, followed by recovery for 48 h. A total of 48 juveniles (360.0 ± 141.6 g) were distributed among eight tanks (120 L) and subjected to hypoxia condition (water with dissolved oxygen at 2.12 ± 0.90 mg L-1) or normoxia (at 5.60 ± 0.31 mg L-1). Blood gas values (pH, PvCO2, PvO2, sO2, HCO3-, stHCO3-, and base excess) in hypoxia were significantly different from normoxia, while for lactate and the electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+) there was no significant change among treatments. The erythrocytes differed significantly between normoxia and hypoxia at 72 h (24 h of recovery), while for hemoglobin and hematocrit there were no significant differences. There was a significant difference in glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol for both normoxia and hypoxia, while plasma protein remained unchanged. All gill components (epithelial cells, erythrocytes, pillar cells, mucous cells, ionocytes, undifferentiated cells, and blood capillary lumen) differed significantly between normoxia and hypoxia. A reduction in the length of the primary lamella was observed in the hypoxia and recovery treatments, when compared to normoxia. The secondary branchial lamella showed no significant difference for both treatments. Juveniles of Lophiosilurus alexandri adapted well to hypoxia for 48 h, as they were able to adjust most of their physiological variables to survive this stress condition. After 48 h of hypoxia recovery, fish showed parameters similar to animals in normoxia. Thus, the present study shows that the tolerance to hypoxia conditions of L. alexandri, together with other important beneficial characteristics of the species, such as the high meat quality and high commercial value, demonstrates its great potential for production among regional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia de Assis Porto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, C.P. 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, C.P. 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Suzane Lilian Beier
- Departamento de Clínica E Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, C.P. 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, C.P. 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele Cristina Favero
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, C.P. 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Aquacultura, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CP 567, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hala D, Faulkner P, He K, Kamalanathan M, Brink M, Simons K, Apaydin M, Hernout B, Petersen LH, Ivanov I, Qian X. An integrated in vivo and in silico analysis of the metabolism disrupting effects of CPI-613 on embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109084. [PMID: 34051378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CPI-613 is a mitochondrial metabolism disrupter that inhibits tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The consequences of TCA cycle disruption on various metabolic pathways and overall organismal physiology are not fully known. The present study integrates in vivo experimental data with an in silico stoichiometric metabolism model of zebrafish to study the metabolic pathways perturbed under CPI-613 exposure. Embryo-larval life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 1 μM CPI-613 for 20 days. Whole-organism respirometry measurements showed an initial suppression of O2 consumption at Day 5 of exposure, followed by recovery comparable to the solvent control (0.01% DMSO) by Day 20. Comparison of whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing at Day 5 vs. 20 of exposure showed functional categories related to O2 binding and transport, antioxidant activity, FAD binding, and hemoglobin complexes, to be commonly represented. Metabolic enzyme gene expression changes and O2 consumption rate was used to parametrize two in silico stoichiometric metabolic models representative of Day 5 or 20 of exposure. Computational simulations predicted impaired ATP synthesis, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) activity, and fatty acid β-oxidation at Day 5 vs. 20 of exposure. These results show that the targeted disruption of KGDH may also impact oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) and fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation), in turn influencing cellular bioenergetics and the observed reduction in whole-organism O2 consumption rate. The results of this study provide an integrated in vivo and in silico framework to study the impacts of metabolic disruption on organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hala
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Patricia Faulkner
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Manoj Kamalanathan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mikeelee Brink
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kristina Simons
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Meltem Apaydin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Beatrice Hernout
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Lene H Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoning Qian
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Borowiec BG, Scott GR. Rapid and reversible modulation of blood haemoglobin content during diel cycles of hypoxia in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 261:111054. [PMID: 34384878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether fish can make dynamic haematological adjustments to support aerobic metabolism during repeated cycles of hypoxia-reoxygenation. Killifish were acclimated to normoxia, constant hypoxia (2 kPa O2), or intermittent cycles of nocturnal hypoxia (12 h of normoxia: 12 h of 2 kPa O2 hypoxia) for 28 days. Normoxia-acclimated fish were sampled in the daytime in normoxia and after exposure to a single bout of nocturnal hypoxia. Each hypoxia acclimation group were sampled at the PO2 experienced during acclimation during both the day and night. All acclimation groups had increased blood haemoglobin content and haematocrit and reduced spleen mass during nocturnal hypoxia compared to normoxic controls. Blood haemoglobin content was negatively correlated with spleen mass at both the individual and group level. Fish acclimated to intermittent hypoxia rapidly reversed these changes during diurnal reoxygenation. The concentrations of haemoglobin, ATP, and GTP within erythrocytes did not vary substantially between groups. We also measured resting O2 consumption rate (MO2) and maximum MO2 (induced by an exhaustive chase) in hypoxia in each acclimation group. Fish acclimated to intermittent hypoxia maintained higher resting MO2 than other groups in hypoxia, comparable to the resting MO2 of normoxia-acclimated controls measured in normoxia. Differences in resting MO2 in hypoxia did not result from variation in O2 transport capacity, because maximal MO2 in hypoxia always exceeded resting MO2. Therefore, reversible modulation of blood haemoglobin content along with metabolic adjustments help killifish cope with intermittent cycles of hypoxia in the estuarine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Galli GLJ, Ruhr IM, Crossley J, Crossley DA. The Long-Term Effects of Developmental Hypoxia on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function in Snapping Turtles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689684. [PMID: 34262478 PMCID: PMC8273549 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adult vertebrates acclimatizing to hypoxic environments undergo mitochondrial remodeling to enhance oxygen delivery, maintain ATP, and limit oxidative stress. However, many vertebrates also encounter oxygen deprivation during embryonic development. The effects of developmental hypoxia on mitochondrial function are likely to be more profound, because environmental stress during early life can permanently alter cellular physiology and morphology. To this end, we investigated the long-term effects of developmental hypoxia on mitochondrial function in a species that regularly encounters hypoxia during development-the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Turtle eggs were incubated in 21% or 10% oxygen from 20% of embryonic development until hatching, and both cohorts were subsequently reared in 21% oxygen for 8 months. Ventricular mitochondria were isolated, and mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured with a microrespirometer. Compared to normoxic controls, juvenile turtles from hypoxic incubations had lower Leak respiration, higher P:O ratios, and reduced rates of ROS production. Interestingly, these same attributes occur in adult vertebrates that acclimatize to hypoxia. We speculate that these adjustments might improve mitochondrial hypoxia tolerance, which would be beneficial for turtles during breath-hold diving and overwintering in anoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L. J. Galli
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ilan M. Ruhr
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Janna Crossley
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Dane A. Crossley
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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33
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Rodgers EM, Gomez Isaza DF. Harnessing the potential of cross-protection stressor interactions for conservation: a review. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab037. [PMID: 35692493 PMCID: PMC8193115 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Conservation becomes increasingly complex as climate change exacerbates the multitude of stressors that organisms face. To meet this challenge, multiple stressor research is rapidly expanding, and the majority of this work has highlighted the deleterious effects of stressor interactions. However, there is a growing body of research documenting cross-protection between stressors, whereby exposure to a priming stressor heightens resilience to a second stressor of a different nature. Understanding cross-protection interactions is key to avoiding unrealistic 'blanket' conservation approaches, which aim to eliminate all forms of stress. But, a lack of synthesis of cross-protection interactions presents a barrier to integrating these protective benefits into conservation actions. To remedy this, we performed a review of cross-protection interactions among biotic and abiotic stressors within a conservation framework. A total of 66 publications were identified, spanning a diverse array of stressor combinations and taxonomic groups. We found that cross-protection occurs in response to naturally co-occurring stressors, as well as novel, anthropogenic stressors, suggesting that cross-protection may act as a 'pre-adaptation' to a changing world. Cross-protection interactions occurred in response to both biotic and abiotic stressors, but abiotic stressors have received far more investigation. Similarly, cross-protection interactions were present in a diverse array of taxa, but several taxonomic groups (e.g. mammals, birds and amphibians) were underrepresented. We conclude by providing an overview of how cross-protection interactions can be integrated into conservation and management actions and discuss how future research in this field may be directed to improve our understanding of how cross-protection may shield animals from global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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de Freitas Souza C, Baldissera MD, Barroso D, de Lima MCM, Baldisserotto B, Val AL. Involvement of purinergic system and electron transport chain in two species of cichlids from the Amazon basin exposed to hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 255:110918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Beemelmanns A, Zanuzzo FS, Xue X, Sandrelli RM, Rise ML, Gamperl AK. The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:261. [PMID: 33845767 PMCID: PMC8042886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in ocean temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12 → 20 °C; 1 °C week- 1), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~ 70% air saturation), impacted the salmon's hepatic transcriptome expr\ession compared to control fish (CT: 12 °C, normoxic) using 44 K microarrays and qPCR. RESULTS Overall, we identified 2894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that the cellular mechanisms affected by the two experimental conditions were quite similar, with up-regulated genes functionally associated with the heat shock response, ER-stress, apoptosis and immune defence, while genes connected with general metabolic processes, proteolysis and oxidation-reduction were largely suppressed. The qPCR assessment of 41 microarray-identified genes validated that the heat shock response (hsp90aa1, serpinh1), apoptosis (casp8, jund, jak2) and immune responses (apod, c1ql2, epx) were up-regulated in WN and WH fish, while oxidative stress and hypoxia sensitive genes were down-regulated (cirbp, cyp1a1, egln2, gstt1, hif1α, prdx6, rraga, ucp2). However, the additional challenge of hypoxia resulted in more pronounced effects on heat shock and immune-related processes, including a stronger influence on the expression of 14 immune-related genes. Finally, robust correlations between the transcription of 19 genes and several phenotypic traits in WH fish suggest that changes in gene expression were related to impaired physiological and growth performance. CONCLUSION Increasing temperature to 20 °C alone, and in combination with hypoxia, resulted in the differential expression of genes involved in similar pathways in Atlantic salmon. However, the expression responses of heat shock and immune-relevant genes in fish exposed to 20 °C and hypoxia were more affected, and strongly related to phenotypic characteristics (e.g., growth). This study provides valuable information on how these two environmental challenges affect the expression of stress-, metabolic- and immune-related genes and pathways, and identifies potential biomarker genes for improving our understanding of fish health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
- Current Address: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Rebeccah M Sandrelli
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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36
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Farhat E, Cheng H, Romestaing C, Pamenter M, Weber JM. Goldfish Response to Chronic Hypoxia: Mitochondrial Respiration, Fuel Preference and Energy Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:187. [PMID: 33809959 PMCID: PMC8004290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypometabolism is a hallmark strategy of hypoxia tolerance. To identify potential mechanisms of metabolic suppression, we have used the goldfish to quantify the effects of chronically low oxygen (4 weeks; 10% air saturation) on mitochondrial respiration capacity and fuel preference. The responses of key enzymes from glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Na+/K+-ATPase were also monitored in various tissues of this champion of hypoxia tolerance. Results show that mitochondrial respiration of individual tissues depends on oxygen availability as well as metabolic fuel oxidized. All the respiration parameters measured in this study (LEAK, OXPHOS, Respiratory Control Ratio, CCCP-uncoupled, and COX) are affected by hypoxia, at least for one of the metabolic fuels. However, no common pattern of changes in respiration states is observed across tissues, except for the general downregulation of COX that may help metabolic suppression. Hypoxia causes the brain to switch from carbohydrates to lipids, with no clear fuel preference in other tissues. It also downregulates brain Na+/K+-ATPase (40%) and causes widespread tissue-specific effects on glycolysis and beta-oxidation. This study shows that hypoxia-acclimated goldfish mainly promote metabolic suppression by adjusting the glycolytic supply of pyruvate, reducing brain Na+/K+-ATPase, and downregulating COX, most likely decreasing mitochondrial density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Farhat
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.F.); (H.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Hang Cheng
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.F.); (H.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.F.); (H.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.)
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023, LEHNA, F 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthew Pamenter
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.F.); (H.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Weber
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.F.); (H.C.); (C.R.); (M.P.)
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37
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Reduced Oxygen as an Environmental Pressure in the Evolution of the Blind Mexican Cavefish. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extreme environmental features can drive the evolution of extreme phenotypes. Over the course of evolution, certain environmental changes may be so drastic that they lead to extinction. Conversely, if an organism adapts to harsh environmental changes, the adaptations may permit expansion of a novel niche. The interaction between environmental stressors and adaptive changes is well-illustrated by the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanaxmexicanus, which has recurrently adapted to the stark subterranean environment. The transition from terrestrial rivers and streams (occupied by extant surface morphs of the same species) to the cave has been accompanied by the resorption of eyes, diminished pigmentation and reduced metabolism in cave-dwelling morphs. The principal features of caves most often associated with evolution of these common cave features are the absence of light and limited nutrition. However, a putatively essential cave feature that has received less attention is the frequently low concentration of oxygen within natural karst environments. Here, we review the potential role of limited oxygen as a critical environmental feature of caves in the Sierra de El Abra. Additionally, we review evidence that Astyanax cavefish may have evolved adaptive features enabling them to thrive in lower oxygen compared to their surface-dwelling counterparts.
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38
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Del Rio AM, Mukai GN, Martin BT, Johnson RC, Fangue NA, Israel JA, Todgham AE. Differential sensitivity to warming and hypoxia during development and long-term effects of developmental exposure in early life stage Chinook salmon. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab054. [PMID: 34257996 PMCID: PMC8271147 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming and hypoxia are two stressors commonly found within natural salmon redds that are likely to co-occur. Warming and hypoxia can interact physiologically, but their combined effects during fish development remain poorly studied, particularly stage-specific effects and potential carry-over effects. To test the impacts of warm water temperature and hypoxia as individual and combined developmental stressors, late fall-run Chinook salmon embryos were reared in 10 treatments from fertilization through hatching with two temperatures [10°C (ambient) and 14°C (warm)], two dissolved oxygen saturation levels [normoxia (100% air saturation, 10.4-11.4 mg O2/l) and hypoxia (50% saturation, 5.5 mg O2/l)] and three exposure times (early [eyed stage], late [silver-eyed stage] and chronic [fertilization through hatching]). After hatching, all treatments were transferred to control conditions (10°C and 100% air saturation) through the fry stage. To study stage-specific effects of stressor exposure we measured routine metabolic rate (RMR) at two embryonic stages, hatching success and growth. To evaluate carry-over effects, where conditions during one life stage influence performance in a later stage, RMR of all treatments was measured in control conditions at two post-hatch stages and acute stress tolerance was measured at the fry stage. We found evidence of stage-specific effects of both stressors during exposure and carry-over effects on physiological performance. Both individual stressors affected RMR, growth and developmental rate while multiple stressors late in development reduced hatching success. RMR post-hatch showed persistent effects of embryonic stressor exposure that may underlie differences observed in developmental timing and acute stress tolerance. The responses to stressors that varied by stage during development suggest that stage-specific management efforts could support salmon embryo survival. The persistent carry-over effects also indicate that considering sub-lethal effects of developmental stressor exposure may be important to understanding how climate change influences the performance of salmon across life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise M Del Rio
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gabriella N Mukai
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Benjamin T Martin
- University of California Santa Cruz, Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel C Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of California Santa Cruz, Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joshua A Israel
- Bay-Delta Office, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Brown NAW, Houpt NSB, Yee NL, Curtis JEM, Bolker BM, Juanes F, Balshine S. Consequences of nest site selection vary along a tidal gradient. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:528-541. [PMID: 33159687 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parents providing care must sometimes choose between rearing locations that are most favourable for offspring versus those that are most favourable for themselves. Here, we measured how both parental and offspring performance varied in nest sites distributed along an environmental gradient. The plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus nests along a tidal gradient. When ascending from the subtidal to the high intertidal at low tide, both nest temperature and frequency of air exposure increase. We used one lab and two field experiments to investigate how parental nest site choices across tidal elevations are linked to the physiological costs incurred by parents and the developmental benefits accrued by offspring. Under warmer incubation conditions, simulating high intertidal nests, offspring developed faster but had higher mortality rates compared to those incubated in cooler conditions that mimicked subtidal nests. In the field, males in higher intertidal nests were more active caregivers, but their young still died at the fastest rates. Larger males claimed and retained low intertidal nests, where offspring survival and development rates were also highest. Our results suggest that males compete more intensively for nest sites in the low intertidal, where they can raise their young quickly and with lower per-offspring investments. Smaller, less-competitive males forced into higher intertidal sites nest earlier in the season and provide more active parental care, possibly to bolster brood survival under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A W Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Noah S B Houpt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole L Yee
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin M Bolker
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics and Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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40
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Gamboa M. Hemocyanin and hexamerins expression in response to hypoxia in stoneflies (Plecoptera, Insecta). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21743. [PMID: 32979236 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many freshwater ecosystems worldwide undergo hypoxia events that can trigger physiological, behavioral, and molecular responses in many organisms. Among such molecular responses, the regulation of the hemocyanin (Hc) protein expression which plays a major role in oxygen transportation within aquatic insects remains poorly understood. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) are aquatic insects that possess a functional Hc in the hemolymph similar to crustacean that co-occurs with a nonfunctional Hc protein, hexamerins (Hx). However, the role of both proteins during hypoxia remains undetermined. Here, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia on the expression of Hc and Hx proteins via a comparison between hypoxia and normoxia amino acid sequence variation and protein expression pattern within 23 stonefly species. We induced short-term hypoxia in wild-caught stoneflies species, sequenced the target region of Hc and Hx by complementary DNA synthesis, characterized the protein biochemistry using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultrafiltration, and polarographic fluorometric method, and amplified the genome region of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional response element that regulated Hc using genome walking library approach. We found a lack of Hc expression in all examined species during hypoxia conditions, despite recognition of the HIF gene region as a possible regulatory factor of Hc, suggesting that compensatory responses as metabolic changes or behavioral tracheal movements to enhance respiratory efficiency could be possible mechanics to compensate for hypoxia. A short Hc-like novel isoform was detected instead in these 23 species, possibly due to either protein degradation or alternative splicing mechanisms, suggesting that the protein could be performing a different function other than oxygen transportation. Hx during hypoxia was expressed and exhibited species-level amino acid changes, highlighting a possible role during hypoxia. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia could enable a similar potential adaptive response of multiple species regarding specific physiological requirements, thereby shedding light on community behavior in stress environments that may help us to improve conservation practices and biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribet Gamboa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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41
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Xia YT, Hu WH, Wu QY, Dong TTX, Duan R, Xiao J, Li SP, Qin QW, Wang WX, Tsim KWK. The herbal extract deriving from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis shows anti-inflammation and anti-hypoxia responses in cultured fin cells from rabbit fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:71-78. [PMID: 32738512 PMCID: PMC7387939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line derived from dorsal fin of rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens was developed and characterized. The cell line was isolated from the dorsal fin, named as rabbit fish fin (RFF) cell line, and which was sub-cultured for 50 cycles since the development. This cell line was tested for growth in different temperatures and serum concentrations, and the best growing condition was at 20% serum at 28 °C. In cultured RFF cells, amplification of 18S rRNA from genomic DNA and immunostaining of cellular cytokeratin confirmed the proper identity of S. fuscescens fish. After 30th passage of cultures, the cells were exposed to challenge of inflammation, triggered by LPS, and hypoxia, mimicked by CoCl2. Cultured RFF cells showed robust sensitive responses to inflammation and hypoxia in directing the expressions of cytokines and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The water extract of aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBA) has been shown in rabbit fish to prevent inflammation. Here, we extended this notion of testing the efficacy of SBA extract in the developed cultured RFF cells. Application of SBA extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, as well as the signaling of NF-κB. The application of CoCl2 in cultured RFF cells triggered the hypoxia-induced cell death and up regulation of HIF-1α. As expected, applied SBA extract in the cultures prevented the hypoxia-induced signaling. Our results show the established RFF cell line may be served as an ideal in vitro model in drug screening relating to inflammation and hypoxia. Additionally, we are supporting the usage of SBA herbal extract in fish aquaculture, which possesses efficacy against inflammation and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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42
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Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ. The additive effects of oil exposure and hypoxia on aerobic performance in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140174. [PMID: 32783835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic scope, the difference between standard metabolic requirements and maximum metabolic capacity, is considered a particularly important metric influencing ecological success in fishes. Crude oil exposure can impair cardiorespiratory function in fishes, which reduces maximum metabolic rate, aerobic scope, and may impair ecological performance. Oil exposure is not the only environmental stressor that can affect aerobic scope, especially in areas affected by crude oil spills. Hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) is also known to constrain maximum metabolic rate, yet there has been little effort to explore how hypoxia may influence the magnitude of metabolic injury following oil exposure. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the effects of acute oil exposure and hypoxia on the metabolic performance of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), an economically important fish common in the Gulf of Mexico. Here, sub-adult red drum were exposed to crude oil for 24 h before being exposed to hypoxic conditions following exhaustive exercise. Our results show that hypoxia exposure combined with crude oil exposure results in significantly reduced aerobic scope, which was additive compared to the reductions caused by each stressor alone. We also quantified hypoxia tolerance among treatments following exposure, and our results showed no changes to hypoxia tolerance among individuals, regardless of exposure to hypoxia or oil. These data offer insight into the metabolic constraints facing fishes exposed to oil while concurrently subjected to hypoxia, a notable climate change stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Lynn Ackerly
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America.
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, United States of America.
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43
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Bugg WS, Yoon GR, Schoen AN, Laluk A, Brandt C, Anderson WG, Jeffries KM. Effects of acclimation temperature on the thermal physiology in two geographically distinct populations of lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa087. [PMID: 34603733 PMCID: PMC7526614 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors regulating development and biological processes in ectotherms. By 2050, climate change may result in temperature increases of 2.1-3.4°C in Manitoba, Canada. Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, from both northern and southern populations in Manitoba were acclimated to 16, 20 and 24°C for 30 days, after which critical thermal maximum (CTmax) trials were conducted to investigate their thermal plasticity. We also examined the effects of temperature on morphological and physiological indices. Acclimation temperature significantly influenced the CTmax, body mass, hepatosomatic index, metabolic rate and the mRNA expression of transcripts involved in the cellular response to heat shock and hypoxia (HSP70, HSP90a, HSP90b, HIF-1α) in the gill of lake sturgeon. Population significantly affected the above phenotypes, as well as the mRNA expression of Na+/K+ ATPase-α1 and the hepatic glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. The southern population had an average CTmax that was 0.71 and 0.45°C higher than the northern population at 20 and 24°C, respectively. Immediately following CTmax trials, mRNA expression of HSP90a and HIF-1α was positively correlated with individual CTmax of lake sturgeon across acclimation treatments and populations (r = 0.7, r = 0.62, respectively; P < 0.0001). Lake sturgeon acclimated to 20 and 24°C had decreased hepatosomatic indices (93 and 244% reduction, respectively; P < 0.0001) and metabolic suppression (27.7 and 42.1% reduction, respectively; P < 0.05) when compared to sturgeon acclimated to 16°C, regardless of population. Glutathione peroxidase activity and mRNA expression Na+/K+ ATPase-α1 were elevated in the northern relative to the southern population. Acclimation to 24°C also induced mortality in both populations when compared to sturgeon acclimated to 16 and 20°C. Thus, increased temperatures have wide-ranging population-specific physiological consequences for lake sturgeon across biological levels of organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Bugg
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Gwangseok R Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Laluk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Catherine Brandt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ken M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Low Oxygen Stress During Early Development Influences Regulation of Hypoxia-Response Genes in Farmed Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:3179-3188. [PMID: 32636218 PMCID: PMC7466997 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survival and growth of developing salmonids are negatively affected by low oxygen levels within gravel nests in natural streams, and hypoxic stress is often experienced by farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) within hatcheries. Exposure to hypoxia during early development may have long-lasting effects by altering epigenetic marks and gene expression in oxygen regulatory pathways. Here, we examine the transcriptomic response to low dissolved oxygen (DO) in post-hatch salmon reared continuously in 30%, 60% or 100% DO from fertilization until start of feeding. RNA sequencing revealed multiple differentially expressed genes, including oxygen transporting hemoglobin embryonic α subunit (hbae) and EGLN3 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3 (egln3) which regulates the stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Both hbae and egln3 displayed expression levels inversely correlated to oxygen concentration, and DNA methylation patterns within the egln3 promoter were negatively associated with the transcript levels. These results suggest that epigenetic processes are influenced by low oxygen levels during early development in Atlantic salmon to upregulate hypoxia-response genes.
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45
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Cardiac Transcriptomics Reveals That MAPK Pathway Plays an Important Role in Hypoxia Tolerance in Bighead Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091483. [PMID: 32846886 PMCID: PMC7552209 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As aquatic animals, fishes often encounter various situations of low oxygen, and they have evolved the ability to respond to hypoxia stress. Studies of physiological and molecular responses to hypoxia stress are essential to clarify genetic mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in fish. In this study, we performed acute hypoxia treatment in juvenile bighead carp (Hypophthalmicthys nobilis) by decreasing water O2 from 6.5 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L in three hours. This hypoxia stress resulted in a significant increase in blood lactate and serum glucose. Comparisons of heart transcriptome among hypoxia tolerant (HT), hypoxia sensitive (HS), and normoxia control (NC) groups showed that 820, 273, and 301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HS vs. HT, NC vs. HS, and NC vs. HT (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, Fold Change> 2), respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that DEGs between HS and HT groups were mainly involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, insulin signaling, apoptosis, tight junction and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes pathways, and DEGs in MAPK signaling pathway played a key role in cardiac tolerance to hypoxia. Combined with the results of our previous cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis of hypoxia stress in this species, such genes as stbp2, ttn, mapk, kcnh, and tnfrsf were identified in both studies, representing the significance of these DEGs in hypoxia tolerance in bighead carp. These results provide insights into the understanding of genetic modulations for fish heart coping with hypoxia stress and generate basic resources for future breeding studies of hypoxia resistance in bighead carp.
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46
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb.228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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47
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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48
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Soldatov AA, Golovina IV, Kolesnikova EE, Sysoeva IV, Sysoev AA, Kukhareva TA, Kladchenko ES. Activity of Energy Metabolism Enzymes
and ATP Content
in the Brain and Gills of the Black Sea Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus under Short-Term
Hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Zhao L, Cui C, Liu Q, Sun J, He K, Adam AA, Luo J, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang S. Combined exposure to hypoxia and ammonia aggravated biological effects on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105514. [PMID: 32502847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and ammonia are unavoidable environmental factors in aquaculture, and have been shown cause various adverse effects in fish. In the present study, a two-factor crossover experiment was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of hypoxia and ammonia on oxidative stress and glucose metabolism endpoints in largemouth bass. The fish were divided into four experimental groups: hypoxia and ammonia group, hypoxia group, ammonia group, and control group. The results showed that hypoxia and ammonia exposures both induced antioxidant response and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] activities increased first then decreased, and malondialdehyde accumulated) and anaerobic glycolysis (increase of blood glucose, decrease of liver glycogen, accumulation of lactate, and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity). In addition, hypoxia and ammonia upregulated antioxidant enzyme genes (Cu/ZnSOD, CAT, and GPx), apoptosis genes (caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9), as well as inflammatory genes (interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-8) and downregulated an anti-inflammatory gene (IL-10), suggesting that apoptosis and inflammation may be related to oxidative stress. The increased expression of GLUT1, LDH, and MCT4 were induced by hypoxia and ammonia, suggesting that anaerobic glycolysis was increased. Furthermore, fish suffering from hypoxia or ammonia exposure showed some changes in gill tissues histology, and the most severe lesions of gill tissues appeared in simultaneous exposure. Overall, both hypoxia and ammonia affected homeostasis, and simultaneous exposure led to more deleterious effects on largemouth bass than exposure to the individual stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Can Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Junlong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Ahmed Abdi Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (SICAU), Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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50
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Mattiasen EG, Kashef NS, Stafford DM, Logan CA, Sogard SM, Bjorkstedt EP, Hamilton SL. Effects of hypoxia on the behavior and physiology of kelp forest fishes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3498-3511. [PMID: 32153086 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Forecasts from climate models and oceanographic observations indicate increasing deoxygenation in the global oceans and an elevated frequency and intensity of hypoxic events in the coastal zone, which have the potential to affect marine biodiversity and fisheries. Exposure to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions may have deleterious effects on early life stages in fishes. This study aims to identify thresholds to hypoxia while testing behavioral and physiological responses of two congeneric species of kelp forest fish to four DO levels, ranging from normoxic to hypoxic (8.7, 6.0, 4.1, and 2.2 mg O2 /L). Behavioral tests identified changes in exploratory behavior and turning bias (lateralization), whereas physiological tests focused on determining changes in hypoxia tolerance (pCrit), ventilation rates, and metabolic rates, with impacts on the resulting capacity for aerobic activity. Our findings indicated that copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) and blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) express sensitivity to hypoxia; however, the strength of the response differed between species. Copper rockfish exhibited reduced absolute lateralization and increased escape time at the lowest DO levels, whereas behavioral metrics for blue rockfish did not vary with oxygen level. Both species exhibited decreases in aerobic scope (as a function of reduced maximum metabolic rate) and increases in ventilation rates to compensate for decreasing oxygen levels. Blue rockfish had a lower pCrit and stronger acclimation response compared to copper rockfish. The differences expressed by each species suggest that acclimatization to changing ocean conditions may vary, even among related species that recruit to the same kelp forest habitat, leading to winners and losers under future ocean conditions. Exposure to hypoxia can decrease individual physiological fitness through metabolic and aerobic depression and changes to anti-predator behavior, with implications for the outcome of ecological interactions and the management of fish stocks in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neosha S Kashef
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David M Stafford
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Logan
- California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Sogard
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Eric P Bjorkstedt
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, Trinidad, CA, USA
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