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Herman AP, Tomczyk M, Wójcik M, Bochenek J, Antushevich H, Herman A, Wiechetek W, Szczepkowska A, Marciniak E, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D. Effect of Caffeine on the Inflammatory-Dependent Changes in the GnRH/LH Secretion in a Female Sheep Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2663. [PMID: 38473910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs in the world. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and caffeine-interacting adenosine and ryanodine receptors are distributed in various areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus and pituitary. Caffeine intake may have an impact on reproductive and immune function. Therefore, in the present study performed on the ewe model, we decided to investigate the effect of peripheral administration of caffeine (30 mg/kg) on the secretory activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit which regulates the reproductive function in females during both a physiological state and an immune/inflammatory challenge induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng/kg) injection. It was found that caffeine stimulated (p < 0.01) the biosynthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus of ewe under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. Caffeine also increased (p < 0.05) luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ewes in a physiological state; however, a single administration of caffeine failed to completely release the LH secretion from the inhibitory influence of inflammation. This could result from the decreased expression of GnRHR in the pituitary and it may also be associated with the changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters in the median eminence (ME) where GnRH neuron terminals are located. Caffeine and LPS increased (p < 0.05) dopamine in the ME which may explain the inhibition of GnRH release. Caffeine treatment also increased (p < 0.01) cortisol release, and this stimulatory effect was particularly evident in sheep under immunological stress. Our studies suggest that caffeine affects the secretory activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit, although its effect appears to be partially dependent on the animal's immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Monika Tomczyk
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Joanna Bochenek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Hanna Antushevich
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Anna Herman
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Wiechetek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepkowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Marciniak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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2
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Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV. A review on immunological aspects in male reproduction: An immune cells and cytokines. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103984. [PMID: 37390629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The male reproductive system, particularly the male gamete, offers a unique barrier to the immune system. The growing germ cells in the testis need to be shielded from autoimmune damage. Hence the testis has to establish and sustain an immune-privileged milieu. Sertoli cells create this safe space, protected by the blood-testis barrier. Cytokines are a type of immune reaction that can positively and negatively affect male reproductive health. Inflammation, disease, and obesity are just a few physiological conditions for which cytokines mediate signals. They interact with steroidogenesis, shaping the adrenals and testes to produce the hormones needed for survival. In particular pathological condition, including autoimmune disorders, contains high levels of the same cytokines in semen that play an essential role in the immunomodulation of the male gonad. This review focuses on understanding the immunological role of cytokines in the control and development of male reproduction. Also, in maintaining male reproductive health and diseases linked with their aberrant function in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Masson R, Shih T, Park S, De DR, Gierbolini A, Alavi A, Garg A, Micheletti RG, Shi VY, Hsiao JL. Patient Perspectives on Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Infertility: A Survey Study. Dermatology 2023; 239:732-737. [PMID: 37385230 PMCID: PMC10614271 DOI: 10.1159/000531727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition which predominantly affects women of childbearing age in the USA. There is a lack of research on the association between HS and fertility. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of females with HS regarding the impact of their disease on reproductive health, the impact of fertility treatments on HS, and the impact of HS treatments on fertility. METHODS An anonymous, online survey was disseminated through HS support groups from June to July 2022. Respondents aged 18-50 who were assigned female sex at birth were eligible for participation. Comparative statistics were performed using t tests/χ2 tests to assess associations between respondents' demographics and survey responses. RESULTS Among the 312 respondents (80.8% White, mean age 35.7 ± 7.4 [range 18-50]), two-thirds of respondents (66.6%, 207/311) had been pregnant before and 79.5% (248/312) had ever tried to conceive. 41.5% (103/248) had unsuccessfully tried to conceive for 12 months or more. Of the 59 respondents who had never attempted to conceive, 39% reported that HS had impacted this decision. Amongst respondents who experienced fertility challenges but did not pursue fertility treatments, top barriers to fertility treatments include concerns about financial support/insurance coverage (47.5%, 29/61) and fertility treatments worsening HS (21.3%, 13/61). Most respondents who used fertility treatments reported either no change (73.7%, 28/38 or 77.8%, 14/18) or improvement (15.8%, 6/38 or 11.1%, 2/18) in their HS symptoms with oral or injectable medications. Respondents were most concerned about the effects of oral antibiotics (44.9%, 140/312), followed by hormonal medications (38.8%, 121/312) and biologics (35.9%, 112/312) on fertility. CONCLUSION Females with HS reported high rates of infertility compared to the general population. The majority reported no change in HS symptoms with fertility treatments, and clinicians can use this finding to help counsel patients during family planning discussions. Further research in the field of HS and fertility is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Masson
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terri Shih
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Park
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Devea R. De
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Afsaneh Alavi
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amit Garg
- Department of Dermatology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Robert G. Micheletti
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivian Y. Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Lopes PC, Gormally BMG, Emmi A, Schuerman D, Liyanage C, Beattie UK, Romero LM. Maternal Responses in the Face of Infection Risk. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1584-1594. [PMID: 35675319 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
When animals are sick, their physiology and behavior change in ways that can impact their offspring. Research is emerging showing that infection risk alone can also modify the physiology and behavior of healthy animals. If physiological responses to environments with high infection risk take place during reproduction, it is possible that they lead to maternal effects. Understanding whether and how high infection risk triggers maternal effects is important to elucidate how the impacts of infectious agents extend beyond infected individuals and how, in this way, they are even stronger evolutionary forces than already considered. Here, to evaluate the effects of infection risk on maternal responses, we exposed healthy female Japanese quail to either an immune-challenged (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] treated) mate or to a healthy (control) mate. We first assessed how females responded behaviorally to these treatments. Exposure to an immune-challenged or control male was immediately followed by exposure to a healthy male, to determine whether treatment affected paternity allocation. We predicted that females paired with immune-challenged males would avoid and show aggression towards those males, and that paternity would be skewed towards the healthy male. After mating, we collected eggs over a 5-day period. As an additional control, we collected eggs from immune-challenged females mated to healthy males. We tested eggs for fertilization status, embryo sex ratio, as well as albumen corticosterone, lysozyme activity, and ovotransferrin, and yolk antioxidant capacity. We predicted that immune-challenged females would show the strongest changes in the egg and embryo metrics, and that females exposed to immune-challenged males would show intermediate responses. Contrary to our predictions, we found no avoidance of immune-challenged males and no differences in terms of paternity allocation. Immune-challenged females laid fewer eggs, with an almost bimodal distribution of sex ratio for embryos. In this group, albumen ovotransferrin was the lowest, and yolk antioxidant capacity decreased over time, while it increased in the other treatments. No differences in albumen lysozyme were found. Both females that were immune-challenged and those exposed to immune-challenged males deposited progressively more corticosterone in their eggs over time, a pattern opposed to that shown by females exposed to control males. Our results suggest that egg-laying Japanese quail may be able to respond to infection risk, but that additional or prolonged sickness symptoms may be needed for more extensive maternal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Lopes
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Brenna M G Gormally
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Aubrey Emmi
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Delilah Schuerman
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Chathuni Liyanage
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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5
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Lazzerini PE, Cantara S, Bertolozzi I, Accioli R, Salvini V, Cartocci A, D'Errico A, Sestini F, Bisogno S, Cevenini G, Capecchi M, Laghi-Pasini F, Castagna MG, Acampa M, Boutjdir M, Capecchi PL. Transient Hypogonadism Is Associated With Heart Rate-Corrected QT Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes Risk During Active Systemic Inflammation in Men. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 11:e023371. [PMID: 34935398 PMCID: PMC9075210 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation and male hypogonadism are 2 increasingly recognized “nonconventional” risk factors for long‐QT syndrome and torsades de pointes (TdP). Specifically, inflammatory cytokines prolong, while testosterone shortens the heart rate–corrected QT interval (QTc) via direct electrophysiological effects on cardiomyocytes. Moreover, several studies demonstrated important interplays between inflammation and reduced gonad function in men. We hypothesized that, during inflammatory activation in men, testosterone levels decrease and that this enhances TdP risk by contributing to the overall prolonging effect of inflammation on QTc. Methods and Results We investigated (1) the levels of sex hormones and their relationship with inflammatory markers and QTc in male patients with different types of inflammatory diseases, during active phase and recovery; and (2) the association between inflammatory markers and sex hormones in a cohort of male patients who developed extreme QTc prolongation and TdP, consecutively collected over 10 years. In men with active inflammatory diseases, testosterone levels were significantly reduced, but promptly normalized in association with the decrease in C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 levels. Reduction of testosterone levels, which also inversely correlated with 17‐β estradiol over time, significantly contributed to inflammation‐induced QTc prolongation. In men with TdP, both active systemic inflammation and hypogonadism were frequently present, with significant correlations between C‐reactive protein, testosterone, and 17‐β estradiol levels; in these patients, increased C‐reactive protein and reduced testosterone were associated with a worse short‐term outcome of the arrhythmia. Conclusions During systemic inflammatory activation, interleukin‐6 elevation is associated with reduced testosterone levels in males, possibly deriving from an enhanced androgen‐to‐estrogen conversion. While transient, inflammatory hypotestosteronemia is significantly associated with an increased long‐QT syndrome/TdP risk in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | - Iacopo Bertolozzi
- Cardiology Intensive Therapy Unit Department of Internal Medicine Nuovo Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio Florence Italy
| | - Riccardo Accioli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | - Viola Salvini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | | | - Antonio D'Errico
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | - Fausta Sestini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | - Stefania Bisogno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | | | - Matteo Capecchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | - Franco Laghi-Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena Italy
| | | | | | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare SystemSUNY Downstate Health Sciences University New York NY.,NYU School of Medicine New York NY
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Acute Effect of Caffeine on the Synthesis of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Hypothalamus and Choroid Plexus during Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation in a Female Sheep Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413237. [PMID: 34948033 PMCID: PMC8706723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of acute caffeine (CAF) administration, which exerts a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity, on the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus (ChP) during acute inflammation caused by the injection of bacterial endotoxin—lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experiment was performed on 24 female sheep randomly divided into four groups: control; LPS treated (iv.; 400 ng/kg of body mass (bm.)); CAF treated (iv.; 30 mg/kg of bm.); and LPS and CAF treated. The animals were euthanized 3 h after the treatment. It was found that acute administration of CAF suppressed the synthesis of interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, but did not influence IL-6, in the hypothalamus during LPS-induced inflammation. The injection of CAF reduced the LPS-induced expression of TNF mRNA in the ChP. CAF lowered the gene expression of IL-6 cytokine family signal transducer (IL6ST) and TNF receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1) in the hypothalamus and IL-1 type II receptor (IL1R2) in the ChP. Our study on the sheep model suggests that CAF may attenuate the inflammatory response at the hypothalamic level and partly influence the inflammatory signal generated by the ChP cells. This suggests the potential of CAF to suppress neuroinflammatory processes induced by peripheral immune/inflammatory challenges.
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7
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De Simone C, Calabrese L, Balato A, Cannavò SP, Dattola A, Esposito M, Fargnoli MC, Giuffrida R, Hansel K, Musumeci ML, Napolitano M, Offidani A, Parodi A, Patrizi A, Peris K, Radi G, Venturini M, Prignano F. Psoriasis and its management in women of childbearing age: tools to increase awareness in dermatologists and patients. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2021; 155:434-440. [PMID: 33050681 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.20.06748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Mean age at presentation of psoriasis is 28 years in women, which is almost the height of fertility age. Since women of childbearing potential represent a significant proportion of psoriatic patients, the impact of psoriasis and its treatment on fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding should be highlighted for a proper management. Therefore, when approaching to a psoriatic woman of childbearing age, Healthcare Providers should be adequately informed and ready to provide the patients with answers to the most frequently asked questions. The Italian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (SIDeMaST) has fostered a Task Force named "Psoriasis in Women of Childbearing Age" which is composed by a group of Italian female dermatologists with a high expertise in psoriasis treatment. The aims of the Task Force are to increase awareness of the disease and its treatment in patients of childbearing age among both dermatologists and women affected by psoriasis and to encourage counselling on family planning. With the aim of providing a real support for the proper management of the delicate journey to motherhood, the Italian Task Force has published two different informative booklets addressed to patients and dermatologists which focus on the main issues regarding psoriasis in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara De Simone
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy - .,Section of Dermatology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Laura Calabrese
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Section of Dermatology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Serafinella P Cannavò
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Esposito
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria C Fargnoli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Giuffrida
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Katharina Hansel
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Musumeci
- Dermatology Clinic, G. Rodolico Hospital, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maddalena Napolitano
- Vincenzo Tiberio Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), San Martino IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Section of Dermatology, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Section of Dermatology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Department of Dermatology, ASST-Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Prignano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Sánchez JM, Keogh K, Kelly AK, Byrne CJ, Lonergan P, Kenny DA. A high plane of nutrition during early life alters the hypothalamic transcriptome of heifer calves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13978. [PMID: 34234169 PMCID: PMC8263617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine the effect of rapid body weight gain during early calfhood consistent with earlier sexual development on the transcriptional profile of the hypothalamus. Angus X Holstein-Friesian heifer calves (19 ± 5 days of age) were offered a high (HI, n = 14) or moderate (MOD, n = 15) plane of nutrition from 3 to 21 weeks of age to achieve a growth rate of 1.2 kg/d and 0.5 kg/d, respectively. Following euthanasia at 21 weeks, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) region was separated from the remainder of the hypothalamus and both were subjected to RNA-Seq. HI calves exhibited altered expression of 80 and 39 transcripts in the ARC and the remaining hypothalamus, respectively (P < 0.05) including downregulation of AGRP and NPY and upregulation of POMC, previously implicated in precocious sexual development. Stress-signaling pathways were amongst the most highly dysregulated. Organ morphology, reproductive system development and function, and developmental disorder were amongst the networks derived from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ARC. Gene co-expression analysis revealed DEGs within the ARC (POMC, CBLN2, CHGA) and hypothalamus (PENK) as hub genes. In conclusion, enhanced nutrition during early calfhood alters the biochemical regulation of the hypothalamus consistent with advanced sexual development in the prepubertal heifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria, Ctr. de la Coruña Km 5.9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colin J Byrne
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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9
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Lombardo G, Mondelli V, Dazzan P, Pariante CM. Sex hormones and immune system: A possible interplay in affective disorders? A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:1-14. [PMID: 33989924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones and the immune system may play a key role in sex differences in affective disorders. The understanding of their interplay may lead to the detection of new sex-specific tailored therapeutic approaches. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the evidence supporting a possible association between sex hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in people with affective disorders. METHODS A systematic search of the literature published until January 2021 was conducted on PubMed database. The initial search identified a total of 1259 studies; 20 studies investigating inflammatory biomarkers and sex hormones in patients exhibiting depressive symptoms were included: 10 studies focused on patients with affective disorders, and 10 studies focused on women in menopause or in the post-partum period exhibiting depressive symptoms. RESULTS Testosterone and exogenous female sex hormones may play protective roles through their modulation of the immune system, respectively, in male patients with bipolar disorder and in peri-/post-menopausal women with depression. LIMITATIONS The main limitations are the paucity of studies investigating both sex hormones and immune biomarkers, the lack of statistical analyses exploring specifically the association between these two classes of biomarkers, and the great heterogeneity between the participants' samples in the studies. CONCLUSION This review highlights the need to investigate the interplay between sex hormones and immune system in affective disorders. The inconsistent or incomplete evidence may be improved by studies in patients with moderate-high inflammatory levels that specifically evaluate the relationship between sex hormones and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lombardo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK
| | - Carmine Maria Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Zakharova L, Sharova V, Izvolskaia M. Mechanisms of Reciprocal Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Producing and Immune Systems: The Role of GnRH, Cytokines and Their Receptors in Early Ontogenesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010114. [PMID: 33374337 PMCID: PMC7795970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different aspects of the reciprocal regulatory influence on the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing- and immune systems in the perinatal ontogenesis and their functioning in adults in normal and pathological conditions are discussed. The influence of GnRH on the development of the immune system, on the one hand, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, on the other hand, and their functioning in adult offspring are analyzed. We have focused on the effects of GnRH on the formation and functional activity of the thymus, as the central organ of the immune system, in the perinatal period. The main mechanisms of reciprocal regulation of these systems are discussed. The reproductive health of an individual is programmed by the establishment and development of physiological systems during critical periods. Regulatory epigenetic mechanisms of development are not strictly genetically controlled. These processes are characterized by a high sensitivity to various regulatory factors, which provides possible corrections for disorders.
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Barabás K, Szabó-Meleg E, Ábrahám IM. Effect of Inflammation on Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons: Mechanisms and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020529. [PMID: 31947687 PMCID: PMC7014424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: Inflammation has a well-known suppressive effect on fertility. The function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the central regulator of fertility is substantially altered during inflammation in females. In our review we discuss the latest results on how the function of GnRH neurons is modified by inflammation in females. We first address the various effects of inflammation on GnRH neurons and their functional consequences. Second, we survey the possible mechanisms underlying the inflammation-induced actions on GnRH neurons. The role of several factors will be discerned in transmitting inflammatory signals to the GnRH neurons: cytokines, kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptides, estradiol and the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Since aging and obesity are both characterized by reproductive decline our review also focuses on the mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of the impact of inflammation on GnRH neurons in aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Barabás
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Departement of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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De Simone C, Caldarola G, Moretta G, Piscitelli L, Ricceri F, Prignano F. Moderate-to-severe psoriasis and pregnancy: impact on fertility, pregnancy outcome and treatment perspectives. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:305-314. [PMID: 31001966 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis affects 2-4% of the world's population, with no difference between men and women and 70% of patients experiencing disease onset before the age of 40, which coincides with the reproductive years. Few data are available from literature on impact of psoriasis on fertility, course and outcome of pregnancy and risk associated with treatments. Recent studies on other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, among which psoriasis is also included, indicate that rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases can impact female fertility and pregnancy outcomes especially during active disease episodes. In psoriasis hormonal and metabolic comorbidities, unhealthy lifestyles and systemic inflammation could also influence the ability to conceive, pregnancy course and birth outcomes. In this article we review current knowledge on reproductive function, course and outcome of pregnancy in women affected by moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Systemic treatments are also considered with a special focus on TNF-alpha blocking agents and implication of molecular structure on placental transportation and fetal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara De Simone
- Department of Dermatology, A. Gemelli University Hospital and Institute for Research and Cancer, IRCCS, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Giacomo Caldarola
- Department of Dermatology, A. Gemelli University Hospital and Institute for Research and Cancer, IRCCS, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Moretta
- Department of Dermatology, A. Gemelli University Hospital and Institute for Research and Cancer, IRCCS, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Piscitelli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricceri
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Prignano
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Regulation of Thymic Development in Rats: Profile of Thymic Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164033. [PMID: 31430847 PMCID: PMC6720952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of recent experimental data confirms the impact of neurohormones on fetal development and function of different body systems. The synthesis of many neurohormones starts in fetal tissues before the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal systems are formed, and their high levels are detected in the bloodstream. Here, we studied the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in rat thymus development and tried to reveal possible mechanisms underlying the GnRH effects in early development. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction allowed us to identify receptor for GnRH in the fetal thymus with peak expression on embryonic days 17–18 (ED17–18). Blocking the receptors in utero on ED17 by a GnRH antagonist suppressed the concanavalin A-induced proliferative response of T cells in adults. GnRH (10−7 M) increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-1β, interferon γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in the thymus of 18-day fetuses after an ex vivo culture for 24 h. The increased mRNA levels of the cytokines in the thymus were accompanied by increased numbers of CD4+ T helpers. Overall, the data obtained confirm the regulatory or morphogenetic effect of GnRH on fetal thymus development mediated by synthesis of thymic cytokines.
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Izvolskaia M, Sharova V, Zakharova L. Prenatal Programming of Neuroendocrine System Development by Lipopolysaccharide: Long-Term Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113695. [PMID: 30469423 PMCID: PMC6274672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stress factors during critical periods of fetal development modulate the epigenetic mechanisms controlling specific genes, which can affect the structure and function of physiological systems. Maternal immune stress by bacterial infection simulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an experiment is considered to be a powerful programming factor of fetal development. Studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling the formation and functioning of physiological systems are in the pilot stage. LPSs are the most potent natural inflammation factors. LPS-induced increases in fetal levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect brain development and have long-term effects on behavior and neuroendocrine functions. The degradation of serotonergic neurons induced by LPS in the fetus is attributed to the increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) as well as to anxiety and depression in children. Dopamine deficiency causes dysthymia, learning disability, and Parkinson’s disease. According to our data, an LPS-induced increase in the levels of IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in maternal and fetal rats during early pregnancy disturbs the development and functioning of gonadotropin-releasing hormone production and reproductive systems. It is important to note the high responsiveness of epigenetic developmental mechanisms to many regulatory factors, which offers opportunities to correct the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Izvolskaia
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Viktoria Sharova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila Zakharova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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Haziak K, Herman AP, Wojtulewicz K, Pawlina B, Paczesna K, Bochenek J, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D. Effect of CD14/TLR4 antagonist on GnRH/LH secretion in ewe during central inflammation induced by intracerebroventricular administration of LPS. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 30026944 PMCID: PMC6047126 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influences the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Presence of LPS interacting Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the hypothalamus may enable the direct action of LPS on the GnRH/LH secretion. So, the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of TLR4 antagonist on GnRH/LH secretion in anestrous ewes during LPS-induced central inflammation. Animals were divided into three groups icv-treated with: Ringer-Locke solution, LPS and TLR4 antagonist followed by LPS. RESULTS It was demonstrated that TLR4 antagonist reduced LPS-dependent suppression of GnRH gene expression in the preoptic area and in the medial basal hypothalamus, and suppression of receptor for GnRH gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland. It was also shown that TLR4 antagonist reduced suppression of LH release caused by icv injection of LPS. Central administration of LPS stimulated TLR4 gene expression in the medial basal hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS It was indicated that blockade of TLR4 prevents the inhibitory effect of centrally acting LPS on the GnRH/LH secretion. This suggests that some negative effects of bacterial infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity at the hypothalamic level may be caused by central action of LPS acting through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Haziak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojtulewicz
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Bartosz Pawlina
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Kamila Paczesna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Joanna Bochenek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Chang JP, Pemberton JG. Comparative aspects of GnRH-Stimulated signal transduction in the vertebrate pituitary - Contributions from teleost model systems. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:142-167. [PMID: 28587765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a major regulator of reproduction through actions on pituitary gonadotropin release and synthesis. Although it is often thought that pituitary cells are exposed to only one GnRH, multiple GnRH forms are delivered to the pituitary of teleost fishes; interestingly this can include the cGnRH-II form usually thought to be non-hypophysiotropic. GnRHs can regulate other pituitary cell-types, both directly as well as indirectly, and multiple GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) may also be expressed in the pituitary, and even within a single pituitary cell-type. Literature on the differential actions of native GnRH isoforms in primary pituitary cells is largely derived from teleost fishes. This review will outline the diversity and complexity of GnRH-GnRHR signal transduction found within vertebrate gonadotropes as well as extra-gonadotropic sites with special emphasis on comparative studies from fish models. The implications that GnRHR transduction mechanisms are GnRH isoform-, function-, and cell-specific are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Joshua G Pemberton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Matthews D, Diskin MG, Kenny DA, Creevey CJ, Keogh K, Waters SM. Effect of short term diet restriction on gene expression in the bovine hypothalamus using next generation RNA sequencing technology. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:857. [PMID: 29121875 PMCID: PMC5680758 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative energy balance (NEB) is an imbalance between energy intake and energy requirements for lactation and body maintenance affecting high-yielding dairy cows and is of considerable economic importance due to its negative impact on fertility and health in dairy herds. It is anticipated that the cow hypothalamus experiences extensive biochemical changes during the early post partum period in an effort to re-establish metabolic homeostasis. However, there is variation in the tolerance to NEB between individual cows. In order to understand the genomic regulation of ovulation in hypothalamic tissue during NEB, mRNA transcriptional patterns between tolerant and sensitive animals were examined. A short term dietary restriction heifer model was developed which induced abrupt onset of anoestrus in some animals (Restricted Anovulatory; RA) while others maintained oestrous cyclicity (Restricted Ovulatory; RO). A third control group (C) received a higher level of normal feeding. RESULTS A total of 15,295 genes were expressed in hypothalamic tissue. Between RA and C groups 137 genes were differentially expressed, whereas between RO and C, 32 genes were differentially expressed. Differentially expressed genes were involved in the immune response and cellular motility in RA and RO groups, respectively, compared to C group. The largest difference between groups was observed in the comparison between RA and RO heifers, with 1094 genes shown to be significantly differentially expressed (SDE). Pathway analysis showed that these SDE genes were associated with 6 canonical pathways (P < 0.01), of which neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was the most significant. Within the comparisons the main over-represented pathway functions were immune response including neuroprotection (CXCL10, Q1KLR3, IFIH1, IL1 and IL8; RA v C and RA v RO); energy homeostasis (AgRP and NPY; RA v RO); cell motility (CADH1, DSP and TSP4; RO v C) and prevention of GnRH release (NTSR1 IL1α, IL1β, NPY and PACA; RA v RO). CONCLUSIONS This information will assist in understanding the genomic factors regulating the influence of diet restriction on fertility and may assist in optimising nutritional and management systems for the improvement in reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daragh Matthews
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael G Diskin
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Creevey
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Kate Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Sinead M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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Wang ZP, Wang D, Wang CL, Xie WJ, Zhu YF, Chen XW. Transcriptome characterization of HPG axis from Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1407-1418. [PMID: 28913865 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here the transcriptome and differential gene expression in the adult brain and gonads of the Chinese sea perch Lateolabrax maculatus were reported. A total of 78 256 909 clean reads were generated from the adult brain, ovary and testis by using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform and assembled into 274 909 contigs. A total of 31 683 unigenes were annotated based on sequence similarity and 20 702 unigenes were found to exhibit 8237 gene ontology terms and 3888 signal pathways. Transcripts of 26 623 unigenes were present in all of the tissues, whereas pairwise comparisons revealed that 671/367, 496/315 and 1668/580 unigenes were up-down regulated by at least two-fold between the brain and ovary, ovary and testis and brain and testis, respectively. Homology search led to the identification of reproduction-associated genes of the brain-gonad axis, including those involved in sex differentiation and maintenance. The data provided an integrated and comprehensive transcriptome resource for L. maculatus, which could be used for further research on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis gene function, reproduction regulation and sex-biased gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - C L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - W J Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Y F Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - X W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Skipor J, Kowalewska M, Szczepkowska A, Majewska A, Misztal T, Jalynski M, Herman AP, Zabek K. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1β during lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in ewes implanted or not with slow-release melatonin. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 29026538 PMCID: PMC5623061 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is important mediator of inflammatory-induced suppression of reproductive axis at the hypothalamic level. At the beginning of inflammation, the main source of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is peripheral circulation, while over time, cytokines produced in the brain are more important. Melatonin has been shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in the brain. In ewes, melatonin is used to advance the onset of a breading season. Little is known about CSF concentration of IL-1β in ewes and its correlation with plasma during inflammation as well as melatonin action on the concentration of IL-1β in blood plasma and the CSF, and brain barriers permeability in early stage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Methods Systemic inflammation was induced through LPS administration in melatonin- and sham-implanted ewes. Blood and CSF samples were collected before and after LPS administration and IL-1β and albumin concentration were measured. To assess the functions of brain barriers albumin quotient (QAlb) was used. Expression of IL-1β (Il1B) and its receptor type I (Il1r1) and type II (Il1r2) and matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) 3 and 9 was evaluated in the choroid plexus (CP). Results Before LPS administration, IL-1β was on the level of 62.0 ± 29.7 pg/mL and 66.4 ± 32.1 pg/mL in plasma and 26.2 ± 5.4 pg/mL and 21.3 ± 8.7 pg/mL in the CSF in sham- and melatonin-implanted group, respectively. Following LPS it increased to 159.3 ± 53.1 pg/mL and 197.8 ± 42.8 pg/mL in plasma and 129.8 ± 54.2 pg/mL and 139.6 ± 51.5 pg/mL in the CSF. No correlations was found between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration after LPS in both groups. The QAlb calculated before LPS and 6 h after was similar in all groups. Melatonin did not affected mRNA expression of Il1B, Il1r1 and Il1r2 in the CP. The mRNA expression of Mmp3 and Mmp9 was not detected. Conclusions The lack of correlation between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration indicates that at the beginning of inflammation the local synthesis of IL-1β in the CP is an important source of IL-1β in the CSF. Melatonin from slow-release implants does not affect IL-1β concentration in plasma and CSF in early stage of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Skipor
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepkowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Majewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna n/Warsaw, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Jalynski
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna n/Warsaw, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabek
- Department of Sheep and Goat Breeding, Animal Bioengineering Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Tomaszewska-Zaremba D, Herman A, Haziak K. How does bacterial endotoxin influence gonadoliberin/gonadotropins secretion and action? JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/67366/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Lopes PC, König B. Choosing a healthy mate: sexually attractive traits as reliable indicators of current disease status in house mice. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fabre-Nys C, Kendrick KM, Scaramuzzi RJ. The "ram effect": new insights into neural modulation of the gonadotropic axis by male odors and socio-sexual interactions. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:111. [PMID: 25914614 PMCID: PMC4391029 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction in mammals is controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis under the influence of external and internal factors such as photoperiod, stress, nutrition, and social interactions. Sheep are seasonal breeders and stop mating when day length is increasing (anestrus). However, interactions with a sexually active ram during this period can override the steroid negative feedback responsible for the anoestrus state, stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and eventually reinstate cyclicity. This is known as the “ram effect” and research into the mechanisms underlying it is shedding new light on HPG axis regulation. The first step in the ram effect is increased LH pulsatile secretion in anestrus ewes exposed to a sexually active male or only to its fleece, the latter finding indicating a “pheromone-like” effect. Estradiol secretion increases in all ewes and this eventually induces a LH surge and ovulation, just as during the breeding season. An exception is a minority of ewes that exhibit a precocious LH surge (within 4 h) with no prior increase in estradiol. The main olfactory system and the cortical nucleus of the amygdala are critical brain structures in mediating the ram effect since it is blocked by their inactivation. Sexual experience is also important since activation (increased c-fos expression) in these and other regions is greatly reduced in sexually naïve ewes. In adult ewes kisspeptin neurons in both arcuate and preoptic regions and some preoptic GnRH neurons are activated 2 h after exposure to a ram. Exposure to rams also activates noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus and A1 nucleus and increased noradrenalin release occurs in the posterior preoptic area. Pharmacological modulation of this system modifies LH secretion in response to the male or his odor. Together these results show that the ram effect can be a fruitful model to promote both a better understanding of the neural and hormonal regulation of the HPG axis in general and also the specific mechanisms by which male cues can overcome negative steroid feedback and trigger LH release and ovulatory cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Fabre-Nys
- UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L'équitation, Université de Tours Nouzilly, France
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
| | - Rex J Scaramuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College South Mimms, UK
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23
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Skipor J, Szczepkowska A, Kowalewska M, Herman A, Lisiewski P. Profile of toll-like receptor mRNA expression in the choroid plexus in adult ewes. Acta Vet Hung 2015; 63:69-78. [PMID: 25374259 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2014.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) located in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus (CP) forms the interface between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pathogen components circulating in the blood. The CP is also implicated in the passage of peripheral immune signals and circulation of immune cells into the central nervous system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are patternrecognition receptors that play a crucial role in the recognition of pathogens and triggering of the innate immune response. In sheep, ten members of the TLR family have been identified and cloned. We used real-time PCR analyses to examine the profiles of TLR mRNA expression in the CP of cerebral ventricles in healthy adult ewes. The transcripts for all ten TLRs except TLR8 were present; however, we observed a high variation in the degree of expression of the TLR5 and TLR1 genes (coefficient of variation: 61% and 46%, respectively) as well as a moderate variation in the expression of the TLR4 (34%), TLR2 (27%) and TLR6 (26%) genes. The TLR9, TLR7, TLR3 and TLR10 genes were the four receptors with relatively invariable expression levels (coefficient of variation: 7%, 8%, 16% and 17%, respectively) across the six adult ewes. The concentration of cortisol in blood collected prior to sacrificing the ewes ranged from 0.18 to 78.9 ng/ml. There was no correlation between cortisol concentration and mRNA expression of any of the examined TLRs. These data suggest that the CP has the potential to sense the presence of many bacterial and viral components and mediate responses for the elimination of invading microorganisms, thereby protecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Skipor
- 1 Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research ul. Tuwima 10 10-748 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepkowska
- 1 Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research ul. Tuwima 10 10-748 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Marta Kowalewska
- 1 Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research ul. Tuwima 10 10-748 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Andrzej Herman
- 2 Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Endocrinology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Jablonna n/Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł Lisiewski
- 1 Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research ul. Tuwima 10 10-748 Olsztyn Poland
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Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Farcas MT, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, Kagan VE, Bugarski AD, Shvedova AA. Abnormalities in the male reproductive system after exposure to diesel and biodiesel blend. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:265-76. [PMID: 25327512 PMCID: PMC4946425 DOI: 10.1002/em.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Altering the fuel source from petroleum-based ultralow sulfur diesel to biodiesel and its blends is considered by many to be a sustainable choice for controlling exposures to particulate material. As the exhaust of biodiesel/diesel blends is composed of a combination of combustion products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters, we hypothesize that 50% biodiesel/diesel blend (BD50) exposure could induce harmful outcomes because of its ability to trigger oxidative damage. Here, adverse effects were compared in murine male reproductive organs after pharyngeal aspiration with particles generated by engine fueled with BD50 or neat petroleum diesel (D100). When compared with D100, exposure to BD50 significantly altered sperm integrity, including concentration, motility, and morphological abnormalities, as well as increasing testosterone levels in testes during the time course postexposure. Serum level of luteinizing hormone was significantly depleted only after BD50 exposure. Moreover, we observed that exposure to BD50 significantly increased sperm DNA fragmentation and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and testes on Day 7 postexposure when compared with D100. Histological evaluation of testes sections from BD50 exposure indicated more noticeable interstitial edema, degenerating spermatocytes, and dystrophic seminiferous tubules with arrested spermatogenesis. Significant differences in the level of oxidative stress assessed by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and depletion of glutathione were detected on exposure to respirable BD50 and D100. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure of mice to inhalable BD50 caused more pronounced adverse effects on male reproductive function than diesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Kisin
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mariana T. Farcas
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Dmitriy W. Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, and Exposure Assessment Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Sharova VS, Izvol'skaya MS, Tillet Y, Voronova SN, Zakharova LA. The morphogenetic effect of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide on the functioning of the reproductive system in rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2014; 455:79-82. [PMID: 24795176 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496614020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V S Sharova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
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Fujioka H, Kakehashi C, Funabashi T, Akema T. Immunohistochemical evidence for the relationship between microglia and GnRH neurons in the preoptic area of ovariectomized rats with and without steroid replacement. Endocr J 2013; 60:191-6. [PMID: 23090753 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs), whose synthesis is catalyzed by the rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) including COX-1 and COX-2, are among the important mediators involved in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. However, the cellular origin of PGs remains obscure in terms of its relationship to GnRH neurons. The present study was therefore aimed to clarify the anatomical relationship between COX-1-producing microglia and GnRH neurons in the preoptic area (POA), and to examine possible influence of ovarian steroids. We performed a triple labeled immunofluorescent histochemistry of COX-1, CD11b (a specific marker for microglia) and GnRH in the POA of ovarian steroid-primed and non-primed ovariectomized rats. The result confirmed our previous study suggesting COX-1 immunoreactivity in the vicinity of, but not within, GnRH neurons in the POA. COX-1 around GnRH cells was entirely (100%) localized in cells containing CD11b regardless of steroid replacement in ovariectomized rats. These CD11b-immunoreactive cells had small cell bodies and highly branched fibers characteristic of ramified microglia. Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal images revealed close proximity of some COX-1-containing microglia and GnRH neurons. These results showed selective and constitutive expression of COX-1 in ramified microglia in the vicinity of GnRH neurons, providing evidence for intercellular communication, mediated by PGs, from microglia to GnRH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujioka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M. Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1235-316. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thereby gonadal function. Compelling evidence, accumulated in the last few years, has revealed that kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene and produced mainly by neuronal clusters at discrete hypothalamic nuclei, are pivotal upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. As such, kisspeptins have emerged as important gatekeepers of key aspects of reproductive maturation and function, from sexual differentiation of the brain and puberty onset to adult regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art in the field of kisspeptin physiology by covering in-depth the consensus knowledge on the major molecular features, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in nonmammalian vertebrates. This review will also address unsolved and contentious issues to set the scene for future research challenges in the area. By doing so, we aim to endow the reader with a critical and updated view of the physiological roles and potential translational relevance of kisspeptins in the integral control of reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Pinilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Aguilar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Millar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Lopes PC, Wingfield JC, Bentley GE. Lipopolysaccharide injection induces rapid decrease of hypothalamic GnRH mRNA and peptide, but does not affect GnIH in zebra finches. Horm Behav 2012; 62:173-9. [PMID: 22789464 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is frequently used experimentally to mimic acute infection. Through activation of the host's immune response, an LPS injection has profound effects on the adrenocortical response to stress and on behaviors including reduction in activity, water and food intake, and libido. These behavioral changes occurring during infection are collectively called "sickness behavior." It is thought that adoption of sickness behavior reallocates energy from other fitness-enhancing activities, such as reproduction, for use in the immune response. Although the behavioral effects of LPS treatment are well-known, less information is available regarding the effects of LPS on the brain in terms of controlling reproductive behavior, specifically concerning a newly discovered neuropeptide, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). This study investigated the effects of an LPS injection on the behavior and the hypothalamic neuropeptides controlling reproduction [GnIH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)] of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Overall, there was a decrease in activity in birds injected with LPS. The number of GnRH-immunoreactive neurons was significantly reduced in birds injected with LPS when compared to controls, while the number of GnIH-releasing neurons remained unchanged. At the level of gene expression, a similar pattern was found: there was reduced expression of GnRH mRNA in LPS-injected animals, whereas GnIH expression remained unchanged. Plasma testosterone did not change significantly in LPS-injected animals, nor did plasma corticosterone. Taken together, these results indicate a rapid (within 3h) inhibition of the reproductive axis during an immune challenge mimicking an infection, specifically acting on the GnRH system. The present study expands our knowledge on the interaction between the immune system and the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Lopes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720‐3140, USA.
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29
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The Interactions between Insulin and Androgens in Progression to Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Adv Urol 2012; 2012:248607. [PMID: 22548055 PMCID: PMC3324133 DOI: 10.1155/2012/248607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between the metabolic syndrome and reduced testosterone levels has been identified, and a specific inverse relationship between insulin and testosterone levels suggests that an important metabolic crosstalk exists between these two hormonal axes; however, the mechanisms by which insulin and androgens may be reciprocally regulated are not well described. Androgen-dependant gene pathways regulate the growth and maintenance of both normal and malignant prostate tissue, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients exploits this dependence when used to treat recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer resulting in tumour regression. A major systemic side effect of ADT includes induction of key features of the metabolic syndrome and the consistent feature of hyperinsulinaemia. Recent studies have specifically identified a correlation between elevated insulin and high-grade PCa and more rapid progression to castrate resistant disease. This paper examines the relationship between insulin and androgens in the context of prostate cancer progression. Prostate cancer patients present a promising cohort for the exploration of insulin stabilising agents as adjunct treatments for hormone deprivation or enhancers of chemosensitivity for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Chang KH, Chuang TJ, Lyu RK, Ro LS, Wu YR, Chang HS, Huang CC, Kuo HC, Hsu WC, Chu CC, Chen CM. Identification of gene networks and pathways associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29506. [PMID: 22253732 PMCID: PMC3254618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying change of gene network expression of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) remains elusive. We sought to identify GBS-associated gene networks and signaling pathways by analyzing the transcriptional profile of leukocytes in the patients with GBS. METHODS AND FINDINGS Quantitative global gene expression microarray analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes was performed on 7 patients with GBS and 7 healthy controls. Gene expression profiles were compared between patients and controls after standardization. The set of genes that significantly correlated with GBS was further analyzed by Ingenuity Pathways Analyses. 256 genes and 18 gene networks were significantly associated with GBS (fold change ≥2, P<0.05). FOS, PTGS2, HMGB2 and MMP9 are the top four of 246 significantly up-regulated genes. The most significant disease and altered biological function genes associated with GBS were those involved in inflammatory response, infectious disease, and respiratory disease. Cell death, cellular development and cellular movement were the top significant molecular and cellular functions involved in GBS. Hematological system development and function, immune cell trafficking and organismal survival were the most significant GBS-associated function in physiological development and system category. Several hub genes, such as MMP9, PTGS2 and CREB1 were identified in the associated gene networks. Canonical pathway analysis showed that GnRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone and ERK/MAPK signaling were the most significant pathways in the up-regulated gene set in GBS. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the gene networks and canonical pathways associated with GBS. These data provide not only networks between the genes for understanding the pathogenic properties of GBS but also map significant pathways for the future development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzi-Jung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Kuo Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Shiu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Che Chu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Signaling of cytokines is important in regulation of GnRH neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 45:119-25. [PMID: 22161498 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines encompass a broad class of peptides that mediate signals in a broad range of physiological situations including inflammation, infection, and obesity. The cytokine receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, Jak2, is one of the most important proteins mediating cytokine signaling pathway activation. Recently, our group has demonstrated that Jak2 signaling in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron plays a critical role in fertility in males and females, implicating cytokine activation of the neuron in GnRH neuronal development and function. To date, the specific cytokine(s) essential for activating Jak2 during neuroendocrine development are not known. In this article, we review the evidence for the role of several class 1 cytokines in regulating GnRH neuronal development, GnRH secretion, and GnRH expression.
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Herde MK, Geist K, Campbell RE, Herbison AE. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons extend complex highly branched dendritic trees outside the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3832-41. [PMID: 21791557 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GnRH neurons project axons to the median eminence to control pituitary release of gonadotropins and, as such, represent the principal output neurons of the neuronal network controlling fertility. It is well established that the GnRH neurons exhibit a simple bipolar morphology with one or two long dendrites. Using adult GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and juxtacellular cell filling, we report here that a subpopulation of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area exhibit extremely complex branching dendritic trees that fill the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). The dendritic nature of these processes was demonstrated at both light and electron microscopic levels by the presence of spines, dendritic ultrastructure, and synapses. Further, electrophysiological recordings showed that GnRH neurons were excited by glutamate as well as kisspeptin puffed onto their dendrites located within the OVLT. Using iv injection of horseradish peroxidase, a molecule unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we show that GnRH neuron cell bodies and dendrites within 100 μm of the OVLT reside outside the BBB. Approximately 85% of GnRH neurons in this area express c-Fos at the time of the GnRH surge. These observations demonstrate that GnRH neurons extend complex, highly branched dendritic trees beyond the BBB into the OVLT, where they will be able to sense directly molecules circulating in the bloodstream. This indicates a new mechanism for the modulation of GnRH neurons that extends considerably the range of factors that are integrated by these neurons for the control of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel K Herde
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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33
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Campbell RE, Ducret E, Porteous R, Liu X, Herde MK, Wellerhaus K, Sonntag S, Willecke K, Herbison AE. Gap junctions between neuronal inputs but not gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons control estrous cycles in the mouse. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2290-301. [PMID: 21447638 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of gap junctions in the neural control of fertility remains poorly understood. Using acute brain slices from adult GnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice, individual GnRH neurons were filled with a mixture of fluorescent dextran and neurobiotin. No dye transfer was found between any GnRH neurons, although approximately 30% of GnRH neurons exchanged neurobiotin with closely apposed cells. Dual electrophysiological recordings from pairs of GnRH neurons revealed an absence of electrical coupling. Using adult connexin 36 (Cx36)-cyan fluorescent protein transgenic mice, Cx36 was identified in cells within several hypothalamic brain regions, including 64% of preoptic area kisspeptin neurons but not in GnRH neurons. To assess the potential role of Cx36 in non-GnRH neurons within the GnRH neuronal network (i.e. neurons providing afferent inputs to GnRH neurons), a calmodulin kinase IIα-Cre (CKC)-LoxP strategy was used to generate mice with a neuron-specific deletion of Cx36 beginning in the first postnatal week. Mutant female mice exhibited normal puberty onset but disordered estrous cyclicity, although their fecundity was normal as was their estrogen-negative and -positive feedback mechanisms. The effects of adult deletion of Cx36 from neurons were assessed using a tamoxifen-dependent inducible CKC-Cx36 transgenic strategy. Mutant mice exhibited the same reproductive phenotype as the CKC-Cx36 animals. Together these observations demonstrate that there is no gap junctional coupling between GnRH neurons. However, it is apparent that other neurons within the GnRH neuronal network, potentially the preoptic kisspeptin neurons, are dependent on Cx36 gap junctions and that this is critical for normal estrous cyclicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
Hypopituitarism is not currently considered as a potential cause of immune disruption in humans. Accumulating data from in vitro and animal models support a role for the pituitary gland in immune regulation. Furthermore, the increased mortality risk noted in patients with adult hypopituitarism remains poorly explained and immune dysfunction could conceivably contribute to this observation. In a recent issue of Clinical & Experimental Immunology, we presented new data relating to immune status in adults with treated, severe hypopituitarism. We observed humoral immune deficiency in a significant proportion, despite stable pituitary replacement, including growth hormone (GH). This was especially evident in those with low pretreatment IGF-I levels and appeared independent of anticonvulsant use or corticosteroid replacement. These observations require substantiation with future studies. In this short review, we summarize existing data relating to the effects of pituitary hormones on immune function and discuss potential clinical implications surrounding the hypothesis of immune dysregulation in severe hypopituitarism.
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35
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Castellano JM, Bentsen AH, Romero M, Pineda R, Ruiz-Pino F, Garcia-Galiano D, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Pinilla L, Mikkelsen JD, Tena-Sempere M. Acute inflammation reduces kisspeptin immunoreactivity at the arcuate nucleus and decreases responsiveness to kisspeptin independently of its anorectic effects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E54-61. [PMID: 20407007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00081.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe inflammatory challenges are frequently coupled to decreased food intake and disruption of reproductive function, the latter via deregulation of different signaling pathways that impinge onto GnRH neurons. Recently, the hypothalamic Kiss1 system, a major gatekeeper of GnRH function, was suggested as potential target for transmitting immune-mediated repression of the gonadotropic axis during acute inflammation, and yet key facets of such a phenomenon remain ill defined. Using lipopolysaccharide S (LPS)-treated male rats as model of inflammation, we document herein the pattern of hypothalamic kisspeptin immunoreactivity (IR) and hormonal responses to kisspeptin during the acute inflammatory phase. LPS injections induced a dramatic but transient drop of serum LH and testosterone levels. Suppression of gonadotropic function was associated with a significant decrease in kisspeptin-IR in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) that was not observed under conditions of metabolic stress induced by 48-h fasting. In addition, absolute responses to kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), in terms of LH and testosterone secretion, were significantly attenuated in LPS-treated males that also displayed a decrease in food intake and body weight. Yet pair-fed males did not show similar alterations in LH and testosterone secretory responses to Kp-10, whose magnitude was preserved, if not augmented, during food restriction. In summary, our data document the impact of acute inflammation on kisspeptin content at the ARC as key center for the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. Our results also suggest that suppressed gonadotropic function following inflammatory challenges might involve a reduction in absolute responsiveness to kisspeptin that is independent of the anorectic effects of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Castellano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain
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