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Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Potentials of Four Halophytic Plants, Euphorbia chamaesyce, Bassia arabica, Fagonia mollis, and Haloxylon salicornicum, Growing in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia: Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro and In Silico Bioactivity Investigations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030501. [PMID: 36978368 PMCID: PMC10044527 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities of four halophytic plants, namely, Euphorbia chamaesyce, Bassia arabica, Fagonia mollis, and Haloxylon salicornicum, native to central Saudi Arabia. The alcoholic extract of E. chamaesyce was found to be the most potent in various bioactivities-based evaluations and rich in polyphenols and flavonoid secondary metabolites, with 68.0 mg/g and 39.23 mg/g gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Among all plants’ extracts, the alcoholic extract of E. chamaesyce had the highest DPPH scavenging and metal chelating antioxidant activities at 74.15 Trolox equivalents and 16.28 EDTA equivalents, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activity of E. chamaesyce extract was found to be against Shigella flexneri, with a mean zone of inhibition diameter of 18.1 ± 0.2 mm, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum biocidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration values were 12.5, 25, 25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the E. chamaesyce extract showed the presence of six flavonoids and ten phenolic constituents. The in silico binding of the E. chamaesyce extract’s constituents to Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme displayed −6.2 to −10.1 kcal/mol binding energy values, suggesting that these constituents can contribute to the antimicrobial properties of the plant extract, making it an essential medicinal ingredient. In conclusion, these results warrant further investigation to standardize the antimicrobial profiles of these plant extracts.
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Li C, Wang Y, Wu C, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Jiao Y, Li Y, Zhao L. Ebracteolatain A exerts anti-proliferation of breast cancer by inhibiting Protein kinase D 1 in MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154588. [PMID: 36610131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebracteolatain A (EA) is an acetyl-phloroglucinol compound extracted from Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix, which has been shown to have antitumor activity. PURPOSE Current research addressed the antitumor activity of EA in breast cancer and further clarified its mechanism. STUDY DESIGN Based on the pharmacodynamic evaluation in breast cancer cells and animal models, the antitumor effects of EA will be validated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Breast cancer cells were processed with increasing concentrations of EA. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were employed to examine the effects of EA on proliferation and survival. Flow cytometry detected the blocking function of EA on the cell cycle. The specific mechanism of EA in breast cancer was studied by transfection experiments and Western Blot analysis. Finally, a nude mice xenograft tumor model was constructed to assess the therapeutic and potential mechanism of EA. RESULTS We proved that EA caused a dose-dependent inhibition on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415 cells with IC50 of 6.164 and 6.623 μmol/l, respectively. While EA reduced cell proliferation and clone formation, and markedly arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase. In vivo, EA remarkably suppressed the tumor weight and volume in xenograft nude mice. Besides, PKD1 reversed the inhibition of EA on breast cancer cell proliferation, clone formation, and cycle arrest, and restored tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. Western Blot confirmed that EA regulates breast cancer by suppressing PKD1 in MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Herein, we first confirmed EA exerts anti-proliferation by inhibiting PKD1 in MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, indicating that EA is a prodigious breast cancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Luoxi 121 Road, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Luoxi 121 Road, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Luoxi 121 Road, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Luoxi 121 Road, Shanghai, 201908, China; Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Nur S, Aisyah AN, Lukitaningsih E, Rumiyati R, Fadri A, Marwati M. Cytotoxic Effect of the Paku Atai Merah (Angiopteris ferox Copel) Fraction on MCF-7 and HeLa Cells and its Compound Profile by GC-MS. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i1.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a condition of abnormal cell proliferation of tissue cells in the body that becomes malignant. It can attack other parts of the body and affect the normal function of the body organs. The sample used in this study was tubers of paku atai merah (Angiopteris ferox Copel), then extracted using 96% ethanol eluent to obtain a thick extract. The ethanolic extract of A. ferox was fractionated using column chromatography to get the active fraction to characterize the compound using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and tested its cytotoxic effectiveness on MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells. The results of this study were obtained from fractionation using the column chromatography method to get sub-fraction C and the results of compound characterization using GC-MS and obtained variations in the class of compounds contained in the sample: amino acids, glucosinolates, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Based on the cytotoxic effect test of sub-fraction C on MCF-7 cells, the results obtained moderate cytotoxic effects with an IC50 value of 61.027 µg/mL, and HeLa cells had an IC50 value of 521.03 µg/mL, which was categorized as having a weak cytotoxic effect. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that sub-fraction C of A. ferox tubers has a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells to be used as a reference for tracing pure compounds from A. ferox tuber.
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Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:23. [PMID: 35078449 PMCID: PMC8790830 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional plant-based remedies prescribed to treat diabetes have shown promise in research-based setting. Current research was conducted to examine the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of a folk herbal plant Euphorbia helioscopia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 5% sucrose in drinking water and cafeteria diet for 8 weeks with subsequent nicotinamide and streptozotocin administration. Diabetic rats were then distributed into four individual groups (n = 8); Positive control (PC; no treatment), standard control (SC; Metformin @ 10 mg/kg bw), treatment 1 (EH1, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @200 mg/kg bw) and treatment 2 (EH2, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @400 mg/kg bw). After 21 days of treatments, the rats were decapitated for blood collection. Serum was evaluated for antidiabetic potential, antioxidant and lipid profile, thyroid hormone, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Serum levels of glucagon, glucose and C-peptide were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in EH1 (1915.33 ± 98.26a pg/ml, 122.59 ± 2.99a mg/dl, 277.59 ± 28.41a pg/ml respectively) and EH2 (1575.28 ± 56.46a pg/ml, 106.04 ± 5.21a mg/dl, 395.06 ± 42.55a pg/ml respectively) as compared to the PC (3135.78 ± 189.46bpg/ml, 191.24 ± 17.75bmg/dl, 671.70 ± 109.75b pg/ml respectively) group. A similar trend was observed in serum insulin levels in EH1 and EH2 groups. The plant’s methanolic extract effectively reduced the total oxidant status (TOS) and MDA levels in the diabetic rats and increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) along with an increased level of SOD, Catalase, Paraoxonase, and arylesterase. The plant extract also induced antihyperlipidemic activity and recovered the thyroid hormones, amylin, and leptin levels to normal. The activity of different carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase has also been restored by the extract treatment. Conclusion Current study indicates the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of E. helioscopia methanolic extract in normalizing the lipid profile, thyroid hormones, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat model.
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De Canha MN, Thipe VC, Katti KV, Mandiwana V, Kalombo ML, Ray SS, Rikhotso R, Janse van Vuuren A, Lall N. The Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Helichrysum odoratissimum Against Cutibacterium acnes Biofilms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675064. [PMID: 34589479 PMCID: PMC8473823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is home to millions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses which form part of a unique microbiome. Commensal microbes, including Cutibacterium acnes can occasionally become opportunistic resulting in the onset of dermatological diseases such as acne. Acne is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder based on its ability to persist for long periods throughout an individual’s life. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed using the bottom-up approach by reduction of a gold salt (HAuCl4.3H2O) by the methanol extract (HO-MeOH) and aqueous decoction prepared from the dried aerial parts of Helichrysum odoratissimum (HO-Powder). The HO-MeOH and HO-Powder AuNPs were prepared as unstabilised (−GA) or stabilized (+GA) by the omission or addition of Gum Arabic (GA) as the capping agent. The characterization of the AuNPs was performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet-Visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Zeta-potential. The MBIC50 values for HO-MeOH − GA and HO-MeOH + GA were 1.79 ± 0.78% v/v and 0.22 ± 0.16% v/v, respectively. The HO-Powder AuNPs showed potent inhibition of C. acnes cell adhesion to the 96-well plates. The HO-MeOH − GA and HO-Powder + GA exhibited IC50 of 22.01 ± 6.13% v/v and 11.78 ± 1.78% v/v, respectively. The activity of the AuNPs validated the anti-adhesion activity of the methanol extract in the crude form. The study emphasizes the selectivity of H. odoratissimum AuNPs for the prevention of C. acnes cell adhesion and not antimicrobial activity, which may prevent the emergence of resistant strains of C. acnes through reduced bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity, while targeting mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nuno De Canha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Velaphi Clement Thipe
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Vusani Mandiwana
- Chemical Cluster, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michel Lonji Kalombo
- Chemical Cluster, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rirhandzu Rikhotso
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arno Janse van Vuuren
- Centre for High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Endophytic bacterial strains modulated synthesis of lycopene and bioactive compounds in Solanum lycopersicum L. fruit. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The development of callus and cell suspension cultures of Sabah Snake Grass (Clinacanthus nutans) for the production of flavonoids and phenolics. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liang BB, Wang WJ, Fan XX, Kurakov AV, Liu YF, Song FQ, Chang W. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can ameliorate salt stress in Elaeagnus angustifolia by improving leaf photosynthetic function and ultrastructure. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:232-241. [PMID: 32767713 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbiosis with Elaeagnus angustifolia, allowing this species to tolerate salt stress. However, the physiological mechanism through which AMF improve E. angustifolia tolerance is still unclear. In this study, we examined E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (M) or inactivated inoculum (NM) under 0 and 300 mM NaCl stress for the determination of photosynthetic gas exchange, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capacity and chloroplast ultrastructural in leaves. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in the leaves of M and NM decreased significantly under salt stress, while the M treatment significantly reduced the effect of salt stress compared with NM. Various chlorophyll components in the M treatment were two- to three-fold higher than in NM, together with a much more complex chloroplast structure and higher number of plastoglobules. The total flavonoid and proline content in leaves of M increased significantly, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly under salt stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence data also showed good PSII function in the M treatment, together with salt stress reduction of photochemical reactions and sharp enhancements in non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQ). AMF inoculation ameliorated the inhibition on the actual PSII efficiency (ФPSII) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP ) by 10-15%. Our results clearly demonstrate that R. irregularis can improve the salt tolerance of plants by improving leaf photosynthetic performance, PSII function, antioxidant capacity and leaf chloroplast ultrastructure, and that E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF could enhance saline soil rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - W J Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - X X Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - A V Kurakov
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Mycology and Algology, Biological Faculty, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y F Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - F Q Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - W Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Sibeko L, Johns T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113812. [PMID: 33450288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cross-cultural comparison of plants used during lactation and the postpartum period offers insight into a largely overlooked area of ethnopharmacological research. Potential roles of phytochemicals in emerging models of interaction among immunity, inflammation, microbiome and nervous system effects on perinatal development have relevance for the life-long health of individuals and of populations in both traditional and contemporary contexts. AIM OF THE STUDY Delineate and interpret patterns of traditional and contemporary global use of medicinal plants ingested by mothers during the postpartum period relative to phytochemical activity on immune development and gastrointestinal microbiome of breastfed infants, and on maternal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published reviews and surveys on galactagogues and postpartum recovery practices plus ethnobotanical studies from around the world were used to identify and rank plants, and ascertain regional use patterns. Scientific literature for 20 most-cited plants based on frequency of publication was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidepressant, analgesic, galactagogic and safety properties. RESULTS From compilation of 4418 use reports related to 1948 species, 105 plant taxa were recorded ≥7 times, with the most frequently cited species, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, Euphorbia hirta and Asparagus racemosus, 81, 64, 42, 40 and 38 times, respectively. Species and use vary globally, illustrated by the pattern of aromatic plants of culinary importance versus latex-producing plants utilized in North Africa/Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa with opposing predominance. For 18/20 of the plants a risk/benefit perspective supports assessment that positive immunomodulation and related potential exceed any safety concerns. Published evidence does not support a lactation-enhancing effect for nearly all the most-cited plants while antidepressant data for the majority of plants are predominately limited to animal studies. CONCLUSIONS Within a biocultural context traditional postpartum plant use serves adaptive functions for the mother-infant dyad and contributes phytochemicals absent in most contemporary diets and patterns of ingestion, with potential impacts on allergic, inflammatory and other conditions. Polyphenolics and other phytochemicals are widely immunologically active, present in breast milk and predominately non-toxic. Systematic analysis of phytochemicals in human milk, infant lumen and plasma, and immunomodulatory studies that differentiate maternal ingestion during lactation from pregnancy, are needed. Potential herb-drug interaction and other adverse effects should remain central to obstetric advising, but unless a plant is specifically shown as harmful, considering potential contributions to health of individuals and populations, blanket advisories against postpartum herbal use during lactation appear empirically unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Bautista-Hernández I, Aranda-Ledesma NE, Rojas R, Tafolla-Arellano JC, Martínez-Ávila GC. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds obtained from Euphorbia antisyphilitica by-products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06734. [PMID: 33869881 PMCID: PMC8045045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an alternative extraction technique, ultrasound-assisted extraction, was used to extract the polyphenolic fraction from two different residues of the candelilla plant (Euphorbia antisyphilitica). These metabolites were further analyzed to evaluate their bioactivity as antioxidants. In addition, their functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant assays showed statistically significant differences between the phenolic extracts, with citric acid residues (CAR) exhibiting a higher oxidant effect than sulfuric acid residues (SAR). The CAR from San Jerónimo (SJ) cultivar showed decreased IC50 values (179.441 ± 7.92 μL mL-1, DPPH•), and its polyphenolic fraction was able to inhibit lipid oxidation (70.31 ± 2.50%). FTIR analysis subsequently revealed the presence of functional groups related to polyphenolic compounds, such as hydroxy, carbonyl, carbon double bond, and amine groups. In addition, FTIR spectra showed slight differences in phenolic compounds, due to the strong acid treatment involved in the extraction of wax. The present study demonstrated that candelilla by-products from citric acid-wax extraction have a polyphenolic fraction with strong antioxidant activity, which may be useful in food and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Bautista-Hernández
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Néstor E. Aranda-Ledesma
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Romeo Rojas
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Tafolla-Arellano
- Autonomous University Antonio Narro, Basic Sciences Department, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Guillermo C.G. Martínez-Ávila
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Gumisiriza H, Sesaazi CD, Olet EA, Kembabazi O, Birungi G. Medicinal plants used to treat "African" diseases by the local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri District, Western Uganda. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113578. [PMID: 33189840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Africa, traditional medicine encompasses a diverse range of practices, including herbalism and spiritualism, where some diseases are believed to be "African" since they can only be traditionally treated. Indigenous knowledge on the management of "African" diseases using medicinal plants is still handed down orally from generation to generation by tribal societies of tropical Africa, and with the rapid westernization of these societies there is a pressing need to record local knowledge before it is lost forever. AIM This study documented medicinal plant species associated with the management of "African" diseases by the local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri district, Western Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. The data collected included names of plant species, plant parts used, diseases treated, methods of preparation, and mode of administration of the herbal remedies. A total of 196 informants participated in the study. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics and the Informant consensus factor. RESULTS We documented 67 medicinal plant species distributed over 27 families and 62 genera. The most commonly reported species belong to Asteraceae family. The most frequently used medicinal species were Chenopodium opulifolium (27), Sesbania sesban (26), Thevetia peruviana (25), Leonotis nepetifolia (23), Momordica foetida (23), Euphorbia hirta (21) and Cassia mimosoides (20). Leaves were the most commonly used plants parts and decoctions were the main method of preparation. Water was the main medium used for the preparation of the remedies which were administered orally while petroleum jelly was the main medium for those which were used as ointments. The medicinal plant species reported are used to treat 39 conditions which were clustered into 10 International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) disease categories. There is a high degree of consensus among the informants on which medicinal plant species they use for different diseases especially disorders in the following categories: neurological (FIC = 0.90), general and unspecified (FIC = 0.87), digestive (FIC = 0.86) and female genital (FIC = 0.82). CONCLUSION Local communities of Bwambara sub-county in Rukungiri district, Western Uganda use a rich diversity of medicinal plant species in the management of various "African" diseases. Therefore, collaboration between users of medicinal plants and scientists is paramount, to help in the discovery of new drugs based on indigenous knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannington Gumisiriza
- Department of Chemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Crispin Duncan Sesaazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eunice Apio Olet
- Department of Biology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Owen Kembabazi
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Makerere University Business School, P.O Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Birungi
- Department of Chemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Boutoub O, El-Guendouz S, Estevinho LM, Paula VB, Aazza S, El Ghadraoui L, Rodrigues B, Raposo S, Carlier J, Costa MC, Miguel MG. Antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory potential of Euphorbia resinifera and E. officinarum honeys from Morocco and plant aqueous extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:503-517. [PMID: 32815014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products may be applied in a wide range of domains, from agriculture to food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the antioxidant properties and the capacity to inhibit some enzymatic activities of Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum aqueous extracts and honeys were assessed. The physicochemical characteristics were also evaluated. Higher amounts of iron, copper and aluminium were detected in E. officinarum honey, which may indicate environmental pollution around the beehives or inadequate storage of honey samples. This honey sample showed higher amounts of total phenols and better capacity for scavenging superoxide anion free radicals and DPPH free radicals as compared with E. resinifera honey, but poorer capacity for inhibiting lipoxygenase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase. The ratio plant mass:solvent volume (1:100) and extraction time (1 - 2 h) were associated with higher total phenols and better antioxidant activities and lipoxygenase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, regardless of the plant species. The aqueous extracts had systematically higher in vitro activities than the respective honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Boutoub
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 2202, 30 000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El-Guendouz
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Letícia M Estevinho
- CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanessa B Paula
- CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Smail Aazza
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ANPMA), BP 159, Principal, 34000, Taounate, Morocco
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 2202, 30 000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Brígida Rodrigues
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Raposo
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carlier
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria C Costa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria G Miguel
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Screening of Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Anticancer Activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn. Extracts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen the anticancer and antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol of Euphorbia hirta Linn. extracts (EH-Me, EH-PE, EH-Ch, EH-EA and EH-Bu, respectively). The results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay showed that EH-EA was the strongest antioxidant (IC50 = 10.33 ± 0.01 µg/mL; IC50 = 1.48 ± 0.12 µg/mL, respectively) compared to all other extracts. In the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against eight strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disc diffusion method, we found the EH-EA to be the best antimicrobial agent. Anticancer activities of those extracts were examined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) in vitro cytotoxicity assay on two cancer cell lines, including lung cancer cells NCI-H460 and liver cancer cells Hep G2. EH-EA at concentration of 100 μg/mL has significant inhibitory activity the growth of lung cancer cells NCI-H460 and liver cancer cells Hep G2 compared to all other extracts. Our results suggest that E. hirta Linn. extracts possess significant biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and moderate anticancer properties. Our results show that this plant could be a good source for natural antioxidants and a possible pharmaceutical supplement. Among five analyzed extracts, EH-EA extract has the strongest activities, and should be used to determine phytochemicals and mechanisms of these activities.
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Comparative quantitative phytochemical and HPTLC analysis of two Euphorbiaceae family plants under the name Dugdhika. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Chaudhari SP, Baviskar DT. Anti-inflammatory activity of Xanthium indicum on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory properties of Canthium coromandelicum, a valuable source for bioactive compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113620. [PMID: 33011582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at chemical characterization of Canthium coromandelicum leaf extracts (CCLE) and their in vitro pharmacological (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial) activities. Chemical characterization includes chemical profile of six extracts of CC by Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and total phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was determined using eight assays. Enzymatic inhibitory property was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays and antibacterial activity was studied against 10 pathogenic bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 65 compounds with palmitic acid, n-pentacosane, cycloartenol, linoleic acid, squalene, γ-sitosterol, nonacosane and α-tocopherol as major constituents of CCLE. Highest amount of total phenolics (58.03 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (44.40 QE/g) was present in hydroalcoholic extract. Hydroalcoholic, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant free radical scavenging abilities and positive correlation was detected between antioxidant assays with recorded phenolics and flavonoids. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts exhibited significant α-amylase (IC50 of 44.25 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 of 30.82 μg/mL) respectively.Methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts at 750 μg/mL showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. typhi and S. flexneri respectively. Also, significant correlation was found between V. cholerae and R. equi as well as V. cholerae and S. epidermis. To conclude, C. coromandelicum could be considered as a natural antioxidant and potential source for therapeutic applications. However, widespread study is necessary to screen the role of recorded phytochemicals through in vivo studies to support its use in traditional medicine.
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Mahomoodally MF, Dall’Acqua S, Sinan KI, Sut S, Ferrarese I, Etienne OK, Sadeer NB, Ak G, Zengin G. Phenolic compounds analysis of three Euphorbia species by LC-DAD-MSn and their biological properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yeow LC, Chew BL, Sreeramanan S. Elevation of secondary metabolites production through light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium hybrid orchid rich in phytochemicals with therapeutic effects. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00497. [PMID: 32695616 PMCID: PMC7365977 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds with anticancer properties in protocorm-like-body (PLB) cultures of a Dendrobium hybrid orchid (Dendrobium Enopi x Dendrobium Pink Lady). Pre-illumination of red fluorescent light lessened the stimulating effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on secondary metabolites production among in vitro PLB cultures, possibly due to habituation. The highest flavonoid content of 16.79 μmol/ g of fresh weight (FW) was achieved under blue-red (1:1) LED for PLBs pre-treated with white LED for more than 3 subculture cycles. Phenolics content significantly reduced as PLBs pre-cultured under red fluorescent light for 2 subculture cycles were exposed to LED illuminations, where far red LED resulted in the lowest total phenolic content (18.85 μmol/ g FW). High intensity green LED (16.9 μmol/s) enhanced the accumulation of phenolics while amino acids such as L-leucine, glycine and proline exhibited no significant stimulating effect for secondary metabolites production.
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Key Words
- Bioactive compounds
- DDMP, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl
- GCMS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- Habituation
- LED, Light-emitting diode
- Light-emitting diodes
- NF-KB, Nuclear factor kappa B
- PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PLB, Protocorm-like bodies
- Phenolics
- Protocorm-like-body
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Lit Chow Yeow
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Bee Lynn Chew
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Subramaniam Sreeramanan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
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Olalere OA, Gan CY. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Euphorbia hirta leaf and characterization of its morphology and thermal stability. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1795678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Abayomi Olalere
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (Abrc), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (Abrc), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, Malaysia
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Ghosh P, Das C, Biswas S, Nag SK, Dutta A, Biswas M, Sil S, Hazra L, Ghosh C, Das S, Saha M, Mondal N, Mandal S, Ghosh A, Karmakar S, Chatterjee S. Phytochemical composition analysis and evaluation of in vitro medicinal properties and cytotoxicity of five wild weeds: A comparative study. F1000Res 2020; 9:493. [PMID: 32676186 PMCID: PMC7331102 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22966.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medicinal plants are a source of phytochemicals and they are used for the treatment of several oxidative stress-related or other diseases for their effectiveness, low toxicity and easy availability. Five traditionally used and less characterized herbaceous weeds of West Bengal, India, namely, Heliotropium indicum, Tridax procumbens, Cleome rutidosperma, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia hirta, were investigated for the current research study. Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts of the leaves were analyzed for estimation of essential phytochemicals and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant status, medicinal properties and cytotoxic effects. To the best of our knowledge, several assays and comparative evaluations using these herbs are reported for the first time. For quantitative study, UV-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector HPLC-DAD techniques were used. Antibacterial properties were investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. For in vitro anti-lithiatic study, a titration method was used. The cell viability assay was done using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: The aqueous extract exhibits higher content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and inhibition percentage values for free radical scavenging assays, whereas the 70% ethanolic extract exhibits higher content of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. HPLC-DAD analysis of 70% ethanolic extracts led us to identify 10 predominant phenolic constituents. Euphorbia hirta extracts showed minimum cytotoxicity (cell death ~2.5% and 4% in water and 70% ethanolic extract, respectively ), whereas Cleome rutidosperma and Tridax procumbens' 70% ethanolic extracts showed higher cell death (~13% and 28%, respectively), compared with the control (cell death ~10-12%). Conclusions: The study concluded that of all the medicinal weeds selected for the current study, Euphorbia hirta possesses the highest amount of bioactive compounds and hence exhibits the highest in vitro antioxidant activity and promising in vitro medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranabesh Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Swagata Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Alolika Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Maitrayee Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sayantan Sil
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Labani Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Chandreyi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Shaktijit Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Nasim Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Suprodip Mandal
- School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Sector- V, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Zoology and Immunobiology Laboratory, Panihati Mahavidyalaya, Sodepur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Srabani Karmakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sirshendu Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, West Bengal, EM-4, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
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Intensification of microwave energy parameters and main effect analysis of total phenolics recovery from Euphorbia hirta leaf. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Omara T, Kagoya S, Openy A, Omute T, Ssebulime S, Kiplagat KM, Bongomin O. Antivenin plants used for treatment of snakebites in Uganda: ethnobotanical reports and pharmacological evidences. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:6. [PMID: 32071543 PMCID: PMC7014759 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a serious public health concern in rural areas of Uganda. Snakebites are poorly documented in Uganda because most occur in rural settings where traditional therapists end up being the first-line defense for treatment. Ethnobotanical surveys in Uganda have reported that some plants are used to antagonize the activity of various snake venoms. This review was sought to identify antivenin plants in Uganda and some pharmacological evidence supporting their use. A literature survey done in multidisciplinary databases revealed that 77 plant species belonging to 65 genera and 42 families are used for the treatment of snakebites in Uganda. The majority of these species belong to family Fabaceae (31%), Euphorbiaceae (14%), Asteraceae (12%), Amaryllidaceae (10%) and Solanaceae (10%). The main growth habit of the species is shrubs (41%), trees (33%) and herbs (18%). Antivenin extracts are usually prepared from roots (54%) and leaves (23%) through decoctions, infusions, powders, and juices, and are administered orally (67%) or applied topically (17%). The most frequently encountered species were Allium cepa, Carica papaya, Securidaca longipedunculata, Harrisonia abyssinica, and Nicotiana tabacum. Species with global reports of tested antivenom activity included Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Basella alba, Capparis tomentosa, Carica papaya, Cassia occidentalis, Jatropa carcus, Vernonia cinereal, Bidens pilosa, Hoslundia opposita, Maytensus senegalensis, Securinega virosa, and Solanum incanum. There is need to identify and evaluate the antivenom compounds in the claimed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kesses, P.O.Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Plot 34-60, Kyabazinga Way, P.O. Box 1924, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kagoya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, P.O. Box 1, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, Kakira Sugar Limited, P.O. Box 121, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Abraham Openy
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O.Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Tom Omute
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, P.O. Box 1035, Lira, Uganda
| | - Stephen Ssebulime
- Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory, Ministry of Internal Affairs, P.O. Box 2174, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kibet Mohamed Kiplagat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kesses, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ocident Bongomin
- Department of Manufacturing, Industrial and Textile Engineering, School of Engineering, Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kesses, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
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Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Phytochemical Compounds and Anti-Gout Activity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Ara Tanah) Using Response Surface Methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4501261. [PMID: 32047524 PMCID: PMC7007754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4501261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the anti-gout (xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) in vitro of Euphorbia hirta using response surface methodology (RSM). The plant part used was the whole plant excluding roots. The effects of three independent variables (extraction time, X 1; extraction temperature, X 2; and solid-to-liquid ratio, X 3) on three response variables (total flavonoid content, Y 1; total phenolic content, Y 2; and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, Y 3) were determined using central composite design (CCD) while phytochemical profiling of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total flavonoid content (r 2 = 0.9407, p < 0.0001), total phenolic content (r 2 = 0.9383, p < 0.0001), and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (r 2 = 0.9794, p < 0.0001). The best extraction conditions observed for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were at a temperature of 79.07°C for 17.42 min with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/ml. The optimum values for total flavonoid, total phenolic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 67.56 mg RE/g, 155.21 mg GAE/g, and 91.42%, respectively. The main phytochemical compounds in the optimized E. hirta extract are neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, afzelin, and quercetin. As conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the best conditions to obtain higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds which can be further used for the development of anti-gout agents.
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Basu P, Hornung RS, Averitt DL, Maier C. Euphorbia bicolor ( Euphorbiaceae) Latex Extract Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8594375. [PMID: 31612077 PMCID: PMC6757321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8594375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1), a pain generator on sensory neurons, is activated and potentiated by NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased by advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), which activate NADPH oxidase by upregulating Nox4 expression. Our previous studies reported that Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex extract induced peripheral analgesia, partly via TRPV1, in hindpaw-inflamed male and female rats. The present study reports that E. bicolor latex extract also can evoke analgesia via reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of orofacial pain. Male and female rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left vibrissal pad to induce orofacial inflammation, and mechanical allodynia was measured by the von Frey method. Twenty-four hours later, rats received one injection of E. bicolor latex extract or vehicle into the inflamed vibrissal pad. Mechanical sensitivity was reassessed at 1, 6, 24, and/or 72 hours. Trigeminal ganglia and trunk blood were collected at each time point. In the trigeminal ganglia, ROS were quantified using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye, Nox4 protein was quantified by Western blots, and cytokines/chemokines were quantified using a cytokine array. AOPPs were quantified in trunk blood using a spectrophotometric assay. E. bicolor latex extract significantly reduced orofacial mechanical allodynia in male and female rats at 24 and 72 hours, respectively. ROS, Nox4, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were significantly reduced in the trigeminal ganglia, and plasma AOPP was significantly reduced in the trunk blood of extract-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats. In vitro assays indicate that E. bicolor latex extract possessed antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals. Together our data indicate that the phytochemicals in E. bicolor latex may serve as novel therapeutics for treating oxidative stress-induced pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | | | - Dayna L. Averitt
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | - Camelia Maier
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah R, Mahmood HM, Parveen B, Rashid N, Sultana S, Shah SN, Lubna. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in northern Pakistan. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31409400 PMCID: PMC6693210 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin diseases are a major health concern especially in association with human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired an immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to document the ethnomedicinal information of plants used to treat skin diseases in Northern Pakistan. This is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study of therapeutic herbs utilized by the indigenous people of Northern Pakistan for skin diseases. Methods Interviews were taken to obtain information from 180 participants. Quantitative methods including fidelity level (FL), Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV), Jaccard indices (JI), Family importance value (FIV), Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Chi-square test were applied. Medicinal plants uses are also compared with 50 national and international publications. Results In this study, we recorded 106 plant species belonged to 56 floral families for treatment of skin ailments. The dominant life form reported was herb while the preferred method of utilization was powder, along with leaf as the most used plant part. RFC ranges from 0.07 to 0.25% whereas the highest FIV was recorded for family Pteridaceae. FL values range from 36.8 to 100%. The study reported 88% of new plant reports for the treatment of skin diseases. Conclusion The present study revealed the importance of several plants used to treat skin diseases by the local communities of Northern Pakistan. The available literature supported the evidence of plant dermatological properties. Plants having high UV and RFC can be considered for further scientific analysis. There is dire need to create awareness among local, government and scientific communities for the preservation of medicinal species and ethnomedicinal knowledge in Northern Pakistan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Valsalam S, Agastian P, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Ghilan AKM, Kaviyarasu K, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Arokiyaraj S. Rapid biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Tropaeolum majus L. and its enhanced in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aquino JDC, Pajarillaga LM, Undan JR. DNA barcoding and phytochemical profiling of wild plant "Lal lat tan" from Imugan, Sta Fe, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2018. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.493809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zahoor M, Zafar R, Rahman NU. Isolation and identification of phenolic antioxidants from Pistacia integerrima gall and their anticholine esterase activities. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01007. [PMID: 30623127 PMCID: PMC6313820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The galls of Pistacia integerrima are utilized in folk medicines for the treatment of cough, asthma, dysentery, liver disorders and for snake bite. A number of biological active compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and sterols from leaf, stem, bark, galls and fruit of this plant have been isolated. A number of authors have attempted to evaluate the medicinal potentials of this plant. Owing to the numerous ethno medicinal uses Pistacia integerrima the present study was aimed to isolate bioactive phenolic compounds from this plant and evaluate its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials against acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE). The ethyl acetate fraction was highly potent in scavenging the DPPH and ABTS free radicals (86.07 ± 0.92% and 83.50 ± 1.03% respectively) and inhibiting the selected enzymes (80.80 ± 2.45 and 82.56 ± 0.65 against AChE and BChE respectively). Two compounds, quercetin and pyrogallol were isolated for the first time from this plant. The isolated compounds were characterized by HPLC, FTIR and 1H-NMR. From the results it was concluded that this plant can be useful in releaving the oxidative stress and in the treatment neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Roheena Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, 18800 KPK, Pakistan
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Xia M, Liu L, Qiu R, Li M, Huang W, Ren G, Zhang J. Anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activities of Euphorbia hirta extract in neonatal asthmatic rats. AMB Express 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 30382409 PMCID: PMC6211143 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activities of Euphorbia hirta extract in neonatal asthmatic rats. Rats were assigned to the following groups: group I, sham (normal rats); group II, control (asthmatic rats); group III, E. hirta extract (100 µg/100 µl) and group IV, E. hirta extract (200 µg/100 µl). We performed a phytoscreening analysis of E. hirta extract. Inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers, apoptosis, and a histopathological analysis were carried out. An open field test determined anxiolytic activity, an elevated plus maze, a hole board test, and a cross test. The presence of 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, pentadecylic acid, ethyl linoleate, 1,2,3-trihydroxy benzene, gamma-tocopherol, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, myristic acid, 7,10-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, phytol, ethyl palmitate, and squalene in E. hirta extract was noted. Following treatment with E. hirta extract, total leukocytes, eosinophils, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and lipid peroxidation were reduced, whereas antioxidant levels were increased. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-3, p53, nerve growth factor precursor, and Bax were reduced, whereas that of Bcl-2 was increased. Apoptosis and caspase-3 protein expression were significantly reduced. Treatment of rats with E. hirta extract significantly reduced inflammation and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. Taken together, these results led us to conclude that E. hirta extract has anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic effects on neonatal asthmatic rats with inflammation.
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Bandeira Corrêa J, Pezzini Moreira B, Lohmanm L, Machado Sulzbacher L, Bender Dos Santos A, Ruiz A, Stela Ludwig M, Hirsch GE, Santos C, Seibel Gehrke IT, Gomes Heck T. Characterization of Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand (Anacardiaceae) Bark Extract and Its Effects on Lymphocyte Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response. Chem Biodivers 2018; 16:e1800303. [PMID: 30351529 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Schinus lentiscifolius Marchand has been used in folk medicine to treat immunoinflammatory related diseases, which are marked by OS and altered HSR. Our study aimed to evaluate OS and HSR in lymphocytes treated with S. lentiscifolius bark extracts. S. lentiscifolius barks were partitioned with solvents to obtain hexane (SL-HEX), ethyl acetate (SL-ACOET) and methanol (SL-MEOH) extracts, and the presence of bioactive compounds was evaluated by thin layer chromatography. Total phenols were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH method, cell viability by Trypan Blue method, lipid peroxidation by TBARS and HSP70 by immunoblotting. The SL-ACOET extract presented higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro. It was able to reduce lipid peroxidation levels in lymphocytes induced by H2 O2 and improved cell viability. The SL-ACOET extract inhibited HSR by a decrease in both intracellular content and release of 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) and also by decrease extra-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio in lymphocytes submitted to heat shock (2 h, 41 °C). S. lentiscifolius bark extract has antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on HSR probably due to the presence of polyphenols as the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssyca Bandeira Corrêa
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pezzini Moreira
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lohmanm
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811-230, Chile
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811-230, Chile
| | - Ilaine Teresinha Seibel Gehrke
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional, University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Ijuí RS, 98700-000, Brazil
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Özbilgin S, Acıkara ÖB, Akkol EK, Süntar I, Keleş H, İşcan GS. In vivo wound-healing activity of Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii: Isolation and quantification of quercetin glycosides as bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:400-408. [PMID: 29920357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The latex and the aerial parts of Euphorbia characias L. (Euphorbiaceae) have been used as medicinal plant to treat wounds and warts in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The effect of the plant extract was tested in vivo and in vitro with experimental models to find scientific evidence for traditional use in wound healing. Potentially active wound-healer compounds were isolated from the active fraction using fractionation procedures under the guidance of biological assay and the possible role of the compounds in the wound healing process was also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were successively prepared from the aerial parts of E. characias subsp. wulfenii. The extracts were tested with linear incision, circular excision wound models and the hydroxyproline assay method to assess the wound-healing activity. The inhibition of the increase in capillary permeability induced by acetic acid, an acute inflammation model, was used to assay the anti-inflammatory activity. Different chromatographic separation techniques on sephadex and silica gel columns, and bioassay guided assay techniques have been used to isolate the active compounds of the plant. Moreover, hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase enzymes inhibitory effect of active principle were investigated in vitro to find out the mechanism of action. RESULTS The methanol (MeOH-ex) extract of the aerial parts of E. characias subsp. wulfenii showed significant wound healing activity (linear incision wound model: 43.04%; circular excision wound model 65.24%) and anti-inflammatory activity (34.74%). The methanol extract was separated into its fractions by column chromatography for isolation of efficient compounds. Biological activity of the fractions were assessed and further isolation and purification processes have been carried out in the active fraction. Isolation studies were carried out from the MeOH-ex fraction to obtain active constituents and their structures were elucidated to be quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside), and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside (guaijaverin). Further in vitro and in vivo assays showed that quercetin derivatives were responsible for the wound-healing activity of the plant, and also found to be significant anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activities. The amounts of three compounds, isolated from active fraction, were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. Calibration equation was calculated with dilutions, prepared from pure substances, and assay was performed in total extract, prepared from E. characias subsp. wulfenii. It was detected that the plant had 1.22% quercitrin, 0.35% hyperoside, and 0.11% guaijaverin. The validation of the analytical method was performed by linearity, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification parameters. CONCLUSION Present study supported the traditional use of the aerial parts E. characias subsp. wulfenii as wound healer and quercetin derivatives were isolated as active components from the active fraction by using bioassay-guided fractionation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Özbilgin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Bahadır Acıkara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hikmet Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Gülçin Saltan İşcan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Bussmann RW, Tariq A, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Shahat AA, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah SN. Ethnobotany of Anti-hypertensive Plants Used in Northern Pakistan. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 30087613 PMCID: PMC6066661 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important factors responsible for cardiovascular ailments worldwide. It has been observed that herbal products and alternative herbal therapies played a significant role in decreasing hypertension. The aim of the current study is to provide significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants related to hypertension from Northern Pakistan. The documented data were quantitatively analyzed for the first time in this area. A total of 250 participants were interviewed through semi-structured discussions and questionnaires. Quantitative indices including FC (Frequency citation), FIV (Family importance value), RFC (Relative frequency of citation) and DCI (Disease Consensus index) were calculated. A total of 192 plant species, belonging to 77 families were reported to be used in treatment of hypertension in Northern Pakistan. The most dominant life form reported was herbs (54%), with decoction (72 reports) and leaves (55.1%) were commonly utilized plant part. Highest FIV was recorded in Lamiaceae (327 FIV). RFC ranged from 0.08 to 1.08% while DCI varied from 0.233 to 0.000. In this study original data was compared with thirty one previous national and international published papers from neighboring region to compare the medicinal uses and obtain some novel plant species. About 42% of the medicinal plant species were reported for the first time in treatment of hypertension in comparison to these 31 published papers. Different phytochemical activities of antihypertensive plants were also reported from literature. This research work documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants usage and provides baseline in designing clinical trials and pharmacological analysis for treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products Lab, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan, China
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration, Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products Lab, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan, China
| | - Syed N. Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zahoor M, Shafiq S, Ullah H, Sadiq A, Ullah F. Isolation of quercetin and mandelic acid from Aesculus indica fruit and their biological activities. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 29940844 PMCID: PMC6019818 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study Aesculus indica fruit was subjected to isolation of phytochemicals. Two antioxidants quercetin and Mandelic acid were isolated in pure state. The free radical scavenging and acetyl choline esterase inhibitory potential of the crude extract and sub fractions were also determined. RESULTS The antioxidant capacity of crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method was used to estimate the total phenolic contents and were found to be 78.34 ± 0.96, 44.16 ± 1.05, 65.45 ± 1.29, 37.85 ± 1.44 and 50.23 ± 2.431 (mg/g of gallic acid) in crude extract, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane and aqueous fractions respectively. The flavonoid concentration in crude extract, ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane and aqueous fraction were; 85.30 ± 1.20, 53.80 ± 1.07, 77.50 ± 1.12, 26.30 ± 1.35 and 37.78 ± 1.25 (mg/g of quercetin) respectively. The chloroform fraction was more potent against enzymes, acetyl choline esterase and butyryl choline esterase (IC50 = 85 and 160 μg/ml respectively). The phenolic compounds in the crude extract and fractions were determined using HPLC standard method. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin, phloroglucinol, rutin, mandelic acid and hydroxy benzoic acid were detected at retention times 6.005, 10.062, 22.623, 30.597, 35.490 and 36.211 in crude extract and different fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction was rich in the targeted compounds and was therefore subjected to column isolation. The HPLC chromatogram of isolated compounds showed single peak at specified retention times which confirms their isolation in pure state. The isolated compounds were then characterized by FTIR and NMR spectrophotometric techniques. CONCLUSION The Aesculus indica fruit extracts showed antioxidant and anticholine esterase inhibitory potentials. Two bioactive compounds were isolated in the pure form ethyl acetate fraction. From results it was concluded that the fruit of this plant could be used to minimize oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower KPK Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower KPK Pakistan
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower KPK Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower KPK Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower KPK Pakistan
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Sousa WCDE, T S Paz A, Rocha JD, Conceição ECDA, Almeida LMDE, Chen LC, Borges LL, Bailão EFLC. In vivo assessment of cyto/genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of Costus spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe leaves and stems. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1565-1577. [PMID: 29694495 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Costus spiralis is a Brazilian native plant used in popular medicine, but the safety of this therapeutic use needs investigation. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of C. spiralis leaves or stems aqueous extracts on Allium cepa root cells. Moreover, a phytochemical screening and an antioxidant and antifungal activities evaluation were performed. C. spiralis aqueous extracts presented cytotoxicity, but no mutagenicity was observed. When the antigenotoxicity was evaluated, C. spiralis leaves aqueous extract presented preventive and modulatory effects on A. cepa root cells, reducing the sodium azide cytogenotoxic effects. In contrast, C. spiralis stems aqueous extract enhanced the sodium azide cytogenotoxicity in some conditions. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in C. spiralis. When total phenolic content was determined, the leaves presented 73% more phenolic content than stems. Corroborating this data, C. spiralis leaves antioxidant potential was 30% higher than C. spiralis stems. However, these extracts did not present antifungal activity against Candida spp. In conclusion, empirical utilization of C. spiralis aqueous extracts should be avoided. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of C. spiralis leaves and stems can play an important role in anticancer therapy and must be deeply studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel C DE Sousa
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Iporá, Av. R2, Qd.01, Jardim Novo Horizonte II, 76200-000 Iporá, GO, Brazil
| | - Andressa T S Paz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jamira D Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Iporá, Av. R2, Qd.01, Jardim Novo Horizonte II, 76200-000 Iporá, GO, Brazil
| | - Edemilson C DA Conceição
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane M DE Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee C Chen
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas I, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Câmpus Samambaia, Av. Esperança, s/n, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária, 1440, Setor Universitário, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elisa F L C Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Henrique Santillo, BR 153, nº 3.105, Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zhang G, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah SN. Traditional plant based medicines used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Shakeel M, Jabeen F, Iqbal R, Chaudhry AS, Zafar S, Ali M, Khan MS, Khalid A, Shabbir S, Asghar MS. Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO 2-NPs) Induced Hepatotoxicity and Ameliorative Effects of Cinnamomum cassia in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:57-69. [PMID: 28631137 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the protective effects of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) bark extract in rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt. For in vivo evaluation of the ameliorative role of the cinnamon extract, the experimental groups were orally administered with the cinnamon extract at different dose levels (50 or 100 or 150 mg/kg bodyweight) along with the subcutaneous injections of 150 mg/kg bodyweight titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt. The extract showed significant ameliorative role on the antioxidant system in response to elevated levels of titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt-induced oxidative stress. It aided in the recovery of the antioxidant system as well as protective role in histological damages and some haematological parameters in the rat liver treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rehana Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Adeel Khalid
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Parmar G, Pundarikakshudu K, Balaraman R, Sailor G. Amelioration of anaphylaxis, mast cell degranulation and bronchospasm by Euphorbia hirta L. extracts in experimental animals. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sheikhlar A, Meng GY, Alimon R, Romano N, Ebrahimi M. Dietary Euphorbia hirta Extract Improved the Resistance of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:225-235. [PMID: 28937913 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1374310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous and methanol extracts of lemon Citrus limon peel, Euphorbia hirta (aerial parts), and fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. A swab paper disk method showed that the methanol extract of E. hirta (EHE) had the largest inhibition zone and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration compared to all other herbal extracts. Based on these results, EHE was included in the diets of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus at 0 (control), 2, 5, or 7 g/kg of diet (experiment 1). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate, with 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.4 ± 0.4 g) in each replicate. After 30 d, the growth, feed intake, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma biochemical parameters were measured. With a separate batch of Sharptooth Catfish, the efficacy of the EHE diets in conferring fish resistance to A. hydrophila over 30 d was compared to that of a diet containing oxytetracycline (OTC; experiment 2). Six treatments were conducted in triplicate groups of 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.0 ± 0.3 g); the Control fish were fed the control diet and were not injected with A. hydrophila, while the Control-AH and OTC-AH groups were infected with A. hydrophila and were fed either the control diet or the diet containing OTC at 1 g/199 g. The other three treatments included fish that were injected with A. hydrophila but fed diets with increasing EHE at 2, 5, or 7 g/kg. Experiment 1 showed no change to growth, feeding efficiency, HSI, or plasma biochemical parameters. In experiment 2, however, fish that were fed dietary EHE at 5 g/kg had significantly lower mortality than the Control-AH group, with further resistance observed for fish fed EHE at 7 g/kg. Dietary OTC was more effective than EHE as a prophylactic to A. hydrophila infection in Sharptooth Catfish. Nevertheless, EHE can potentially be a valuable dietary supplement to improve the resistance of Sharptooth Catfish to A. hydrophila infection. Received May 3, 2017; accepted August 24, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Sheikhlar
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- b Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
- c Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Razak Alimon
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Nicholas Romano
- d Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- b Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor , Malaysia
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Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the Methanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. In triton-X 100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kefayati Z, Motamed SM, Shojaii A, Noori M, Ghods R. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of the Extract and Subfractions of Euphorbia splendida Mobayen. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:362-365. [PMID: 29263629 PMCID: PMC5717788 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_12_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The harmful action of the free radicals which cause the oxidative stress can be blocked by antioxidant substances, and different plant extracts showed antioxidant activity. The aim of this study is was evaluation the antioxidant activity of total methanol extract (ME) and subfractions of Euphorbia splendida Mobayen. Materials and Methods: Aerial part of E. splendida was extracted by maceration with methanol and then subfractionated by liquid–liquid fractionation using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, reduction of ferric ions and ferrous ion chelating potential. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were estimated with Folin-Ciocaltue and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Results: The findings revealed that E. splendida ME and subfractions showed a dose-dependent antioxidant activity. ME showed the highest antioxidant activity based on total reduction capability and ferrous ions chelating assay tests. Aqueous fraction and then ethyl acetate fraction showed the best IC50in DPPH radical scavenging test in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene. ME showed the highest value of TPC and TFC (270.74 ± 0.005 mg/g and 208.23 ± 0.007 mg/g, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that the extract and subfractions of E. splendida have antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions might be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. More studies are needed to determine the active antioxidant compounds of this plant. SUMMARY Total extract and subfractions of Euphorbia splendida showed antioxidant activity.
Abbreviations Used: TPC: Total phenolic content, TFC: Total flavonoid content, DPPH: 2, 2’- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene, EDTA: Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid, ME: Total methanol extract, EAF: Ethyl acetate fraction, AQF: Aqueous fraction, PEF: Pertolium ether fraction, CHF: Chloroformic fraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kefayati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, (HMRC), Iran.,Herbal Medicines Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, (HMRC), Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi Motamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, (IAUPS), Tehran, (HMRC), Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine and School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Noori
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghods
- Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine and School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zengin G, Uysal A, Aktumsek A, Mocan A, Mollica A, Locatelli M, Custodio L, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Aumeeruddy-Elalfi Z, Mahomoodally MF. Euphorbia denticulata Lam.: A promising source of phyto-pharmaceuticals for the development of novel functional formulations. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:27-36. [PMID: 28040595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Methanolic extracts of Euphorbia denticulata parts (flowers, leaf, stem, and mix of aerial parts) were assessed for a panoply of bioactivities. Inhibitory potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), obesity (pancreatic lipase), neurodegenerative diseases (cholinesterases), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) was evaluated. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were also assessed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and phytochemical profile were established using HPLC/DAD and molecular modelling studies on specific target compounds were performed in silico. The flower extract was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids, (60.11±1.40mgGAE/g and 42.04±0.16mgRE/g respectively), which tend to correlate with the high radical scavenging activity of this extract (120.34±3.33mgTE/g and 165.42±2.16mgTE/g for DPPH and ABTS respectively). Catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-OH-Benzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate, found in significant abundance in the extracts were assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. The extracts were moderately effective with MIC values ranging between 1.56 to 6.25mg/ml, but potent growth inhibitors of MRSA strains. Results amassed herein can be used as a stimulus for further studies geared towards the development of novel phyto-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Uysal
- Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. Babes Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Custodio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Neng
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M F Nogueira
- Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - M Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
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Neamsuvan O, Bunmee P. A survey of herbal weeds for treating skin disorders from Southern Thailand: Songkhla and Krabi Province. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:574-585. [PMID: 27693346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Skin diseases are common health problems which affecting to all ages. In Thailand, the number of patients diagnosed with skin diseases is increasing every year. Nowadays, The Ministry of Public Health is supporting and promoting herbs for treating various disorders, including disorders of the skin to reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance and adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to: (1) enumerate the herbal weeds for treating skin disorders; (2) study local knowledge of weed utilization for treating skin disorders according to the folk healers in Songkhla and Krabi province; and (3) study quantitative data by Informant consensus factor (ICF), Use value (UV) and Fidelity level (FL) value. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field surveys and Semi-structured interviews about the local names, parts of plants used, preparation and use method, as well as local properties were done. The data were further analyzed by descriptive statistics, interpretation and quantitative indexes (ICF, UV as well as FL). RESULTS The results discovered 44 herbal species of weeds belonging to 41 genera in 25 families. The most used plant families were Amaranthaceae (6 species). Most plants were used to treat abscess (18 species; 40.91%). The highest UV was recorded for Commelina benghalensis (0.65). The highest ICF values were found in vitiligo, ringworm, tinea versicolor and burns (1.00 each). The highest FL values were recorded for Cleome gynandra, Cleome viscosa, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Acmella oleracea, Leersia hexandra, Cyperus involucratus, Phyllanthus urinaria and Iresine herbstii (100.00 each). A review of the literatures revealed that 34 plant species had already been tested for their pharmacological activities. The biological activities associated with treatment of skin diseases can be divided into four categories: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION The information indicates that herbal weedy utilization is still importance to the treatment of traditional healers through accumulated experience for a long time. Therefore, this study is a guide to the conservation of folk medicinal knowledge. It might be implied as the basis for drug development and application of herbal weeds to treat skin disorders along with promoting sustainable use of natural resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oratai Neamsuvan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Pattaraporn Bunmee
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Kwan YP, Saito T, Ibrahim D, Al-Hassan FMS, Ein Oon C, Chen Y, Jothy SL, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by Euphorbia hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1223-1236. [PMID: 26154521 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1064451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Southeast Asia for the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluates the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by E. hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of whole part of E. hirta was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations ranging from 1.96 to 250.00 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells. Cell morphology was assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution were determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, caspase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed using the commercially available kits. To identify the cytotoxic fraction, E. hirta extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. RESULTS Euphorbia hirta exhibited significant inhibition of the survival of MCF-7 cells and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values was 25.26 µg/mL at 24 h. Microscopic studies showed that E. hirta-treated cells exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. Euphorbia hirta extract also had an ignorable influence on the LDH leakage and generating intracellular ROS. The flow cytometry study confirmed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Euphorbia hirta also resulted in DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, E. hirta treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells at the S and G2/M phases as well as apoptosis. The caspase activity study revealed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis through the caspase-3-independent pathway by the activation of caspase-2, 6, 8, and 9. Euphorbia hirta hexane fraction, namely HFsub4 fraction, demonstrated highest activity among all the fractions tested with an IC50 value of 10.01 µg/mL at 24 h. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study revealed that E. hirta induced apoptotic cell death and suggests that E. hirta could be used as an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment with further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Ping Kwan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Tamio Saito
- b RIKEN-USM Joint Research Unit , RIKEN , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- c School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Chern Ein Oon
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- e Faculty of Dentistry , Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , and
| | - Subramanion L Jothy
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- f Faculty of Health, Nanomedicine - Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR) , School of Medicine (SoM), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
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Baldé AM, Traoré MS, Baldé MA, Barry MS, Diallo A, Camara M, Traoré S, Kouyaté M, Traoré S, Ouo-Ouo S, Myanthé AL, Keita N, Haba NL, Goumou K, Bah F, Camara A, Diallo MST, Sylla M, Baldé ES, Diané S, Pieters L, Oularé K. Ethnomedical and ethnobotanical investigations on the response capacities of Guinean traditional health practioners in the management of outbreaks of infectious diseases: The case of the Ebola virus epidemic. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:137-149. [PMID: 26900129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The recent outbreak of Ebola virus infections has mostly remained confined to the West African countries Guinea-Conakry, Sierra-Leone and Liberia. Due to intense national and international mobilizations, a significant reduction in Ebola virus transmission has been recorded. While international efforts focus on new vaccines, medicines and diagnostics, no coherent national or international approach exists to integrate the potential of the traditional health practitioners (THPs) in the management of infectious diseases epidemics. Nevertheless, the first contact of most of the Ebola infected patients is with the THPs since the symptoms are similar to those of common traditionally treated diseases or symptoms such as malaria, hemorrhagic syndrome, typhoid or other gastrointestinal diseases, fever and vomiting. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an ethnomedical survey conducted in the 4 main Guinean regions contacts were established with a total of 113 THPs. The socio-demographic characteristics, the professional status and the traditional perception of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) were recorded. RESULTS The traditional treatment of the main symptoms was based on 47 vegetal recipes which were focused on the treatment of diarrhea (22 recipes), fever (22 recipes), vomiting (2 recipes), external antiseptic (2 recipes), hemorrhagic syndrome (2 recipes), convulsion and dysentery (one recipe each). An ethnobotanical survey led to the collection of 54 plant species from which 44 identified belonging to 26 families. The most represented families were Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Rubiaceae. Literature data on the twelve most cited plant species tends to corroborate their traditional use and to highlight their pharmacological potential. CONCLUSIONS It is worth to document all available knowledge on the traditional management of EVD-like symptoms in order to evaluate systematically the anti-Ebola potential of Guinean plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Baldé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea.
| | - M S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M A Baldé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M S Barry
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - A Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - M Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - M Kouyaté
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Ouo-Ouo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - A L Myanthé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - N Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - N L Haba
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - K Goumou
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - F Bah
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - A Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M S T Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M Sylla
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - E S Baldé
- Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - S Diané
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - L Pieters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K Oularé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
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Prabsattroo T, Wattanathorn J, Iamsaard S, Somsapt P, Sritragool O, Thukhummee W, Muchimapura S. Moringa oleifera extract enhances sexual performance in stressed rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:179-90. [PMID: 25743119 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aphrodisiacs are required to improve male sexual function under stressful conditions. Due to the effects of oxidative stress and dopamine on male sexual function, we hypothesized that Moringa oleifera leaves might improve male sexual dysfunction induced by stress. Therefore, the effects on various factors playing important roles in male sexual behavior, such as antioxidant effects, the suppression of monoamine and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) activities, serum testosterone and corticosterone levels, and histomorphological changes in the testes, of a hydroethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves were investigated. Various doses of extract including 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) were given orally to male Wistar rats before exposure to 12 h-immobilization stress for 7 d. The results demonstrated that the extract showed both antioxidant and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) suppression activities. At 7 d of treatment, the low dose of extract improved sexual performance in stress-exposed rats by decreasing intromission latency and increasing intromission frequency. It also suppressed PDE-5 activity, decreased serum corticosterone level, but increased serum testosterone, numbers of interstitial cells of Leydig and spermatozoa. The increased numbers of interstitial cells of Leydig and spermatozoa might have been due to the antioxidant effect of the extract. The increased sexual performance during the intromission phase might have been due to the suppression of MAO-B and PDE-5 activities and increased testosterone. Therefore, M. oleifera is a potential aphrodisiac, but further research concerning the precise underlying mechanisms is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Prabsattroo
- Graduate School and Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Integrative Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Benhabyles N, Arab K, Bouchenak O, Baz A. Phytochemical Screening, Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Effect of Flavonoids from the Leaves of Algerian Olea europaea L. in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.477.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Engida AM, Faika S, Nguyen-Thi BT, Ju YH. Analysis of major antioxidants from extracts of Myrmecodia pendans by UV/visible spectrophotometer, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography/UV techniques. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:303-309. [PMID: 28911386 PMCID: PMC9351773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, heat reflux extraction with ethanol/water (80:20; v/v) as the solvent was used to extract antioxidants from Myrmecodia pendans. The crude extract (CE) was fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction were collected. Antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power of the CE, EAF, and aqueous fraction were evaluated. EAF showed comparable antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power to those of the CE. UV/visible, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed for identifying the major antioxidant compounds in the EAF. Three major phenolic compounds (rosmarinic acid, procyanidin B1, and polymer of procyanidin B1) were identified. The first two compounds were confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using authentic standards, but confirmation of the third compound was hampered by a lack of commercial standard. Concentrations of rosmarinic acid and procyanidin B1 in the EAF were found to be 20.688 ±1.573 mg/g dry sample and 3.236 ±0.280 mg/g dry sample, respectively. All these three compounds are reported for the first time in sarang semut.
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Sabina EP, Indu H, Rasool M. Efficacy of boswellic acid on lysosomal acid hydrolases, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant status in gouty arthritic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:128-33. [PMID: 23569882 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice. METHODS The mice were divided into four experimental groups. Group I served as control; mice in group II were injected with monosodium urate crystal; group III consisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid (30 mg/kg/b.w.); group IV comprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.w.). Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-α were determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice. In addition, the levels of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in vitro. RESULTS The activities of lysosomal enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and tumour necrosis factor-α levels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice, whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased. However, these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration. In vitro, boswellic acid reduced the level of β-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid, which was already well established by several investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Prince Sabina
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University Vellore-632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mbaebie BO, Edeoga HO, Afolayan AJ. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidants activities of aqueous stem bark extract of Schotia latifolia Jacq. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:118-24. [PMID: 23569880 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Schotia latifolia (S. latifolia) bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa. METHODS The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and the ferric reducing agent. Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant. RESULTS The activities of plant extract against DPPH, ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC50 value of 0.06, 0.05 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was (193.33±0.03 TE/g), followed by flavonoids (72.70±0.01 QE/g), proanthocyanidins (48.76±0.00 CE/g) and flavonols (47.76±0.21 QE/g). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of percentage tannin (11.40±0.02), alkaloid (9.80±0.01), steroids (18.20±0.01), glycosides (29.80±0.01) and saponins (6.80±0.00). The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S. latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Mbaebie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic activities and phytochemical evaluation of methanol extract of the A. philippense L. leaves. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 3:464-9. [PMID: 23730559 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the leaves of Adiantum philippense L. for their antioxidant, cytotoxicity and thrombolytic activities and to perform phytochemical evaluation. METHODS In-vitro antioxidant activity of extract was studied using DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assays. The cytotoxic activity was determined using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, thrombolytic activity by clot disruption and phytochemical potential by qualitative analysis. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of the extracts was found promising. The reducing power of this crude extract increase with the increase of concentration; IC50 values of DPPH scavenging activity was (140.00±0.86) µg/mL as compared to ascorbic acid [IC50 (130.00±0.76) µg/mL]; Total phenol and total flavonoids content were (148.26±0.24) mg/mL and (163.06±0.56) mg/mL respectively. In cytotoxicity assay the LC50 values of the sample was (106.41±0.78) µg/mL where as for standard vincristin sulphate was (08.50±0.24) µg/mL as a positive control and the extract shows (12.86±1.02)% clot lytic whereas standard streptokinase shows (30.86±0.44% clot lytic activity in thrombolytic assay. The phytochemical evaluation indicates the presence of chemical constituents including carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the methanol extract of leaves of Adiantum philippense L. has bioactivity but further compound isolation is necessary to confirm the activities of individual compounds.
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