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Chawla SA, Solomon J, Sarnquist C. A Review of Evidence-Based Dating Violence Prevention Programs With Behavioral Change Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:3315-3331. [PMID: 38671574 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241246779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent dating violence (DV) is not only a social but also a public health problem, necessitating the development and scale-up of prevention strategies. We conducted a review of the literature to identify adolescent and young adult DV prevention programs that have shown promising behavioral outcomes. The literature search covered articles published from 1996 to 2022 and indexed in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Embase. The review focused on programs implemented and evaluated in the United States or Canada that included intervention and comparison groups, a baseline assessment, and at least one post-assessment conducted after the intervention exposure. Promising behavioral outcomes were defined as positive, statistically significant differences between intervention and comparison groups with respect to DV perpetration or victimization or bystander behavior in relation to DV. A total of 118 articles were screened by abstract and read in-depth. Eighteen programs that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Of these programs, one showed reductions in DV victimization, six showed reductions in DV perpetration, and nine showed behavioral reductions in both violence perpetration and victimization. The review highlighted that while multiple programs have demonstrated efficacy in preventing or reducing intimate partner violence in North American youth populations, more robust research on the replication of these programs outside researcher-controlled environments is needed. Furthermore, issues with program inclusivity, such as with sex and gender-minority individuals, should be considered in future intervention development and replication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Amy Chawla
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Clea Sarnquist
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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2
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Walker N, Peden AE, Bestman A, Baffsky R, Willoughby M, Ma T, Moeller H, Torok M, Peden M, Ivers RQ, Cullen P. Interventions that address interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents globally: a systematic review of reviews. Inj Prev 2024; 30:363-372. [PMID: 38991717 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Globally, adolescents experience a significant burden of interpersonal violence, impacting their health, well-being and life trajectory. To address this, decision-makers need reliable evidence on effective interventions across various contexts. OBJECTIVES Synthesise the evidence for interventions addressing interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents aged 10-25 years. METHODS Six electronic databases were systematically searched. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published globally between 2010 and 2022 were included if they reported interventions addressing interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents. Results were synthesised narratively. RESULTS 35 systematic reviews were included, of which 16 were also meta-analyses. Majority of reviews included interventions set in high income countries (71%) and implemented in educational settings (91%). Effectiveness was reported in majority of interventions measuring victimisation and/or perpetration of intimate partner violence, sexual violence, bullying and/or cyberbullying (90%), majority of interventions measuring improvements in knowledge and attitudes towards violence (94%) and all interventions measuring bystander behaviour and improvements in well-being and quality of life. However, the quality of included reviews as per Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and National Health and Medical Research Council was low, and equity as per PROGRESS-PLUS was seldom considered. There was also a paucity of interventions addressing interpersonal violence in low-middle income countries (12%) and none of the included interventions specifically addressed interpersonal violence perpetrated in the home such as family violence. CONCLUSION There is some evidence of promising interventions to address interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents, however there are gaps in scope and implementation. There is a need for equity-oriented public health approaches to comprehensively address the disproportionate burden of interpersonal violence experienced by adolescents globally, including those at the highest risk of harm. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020218969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Walker
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy E Peden
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Bestman
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Baffsky
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa Willoughby
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey Ma
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holger Moeller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Torok
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Peden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Q Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang J, Hatcher AM, Rosenberg NE. Violence to resilience: structural change to protect adolescent girls. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:613-614. [PMID: 39089296 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(24)00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Abigail M Hatcher
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nora E Rosenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Camacho Soto JN, Exner-Cortens D, McMorris C, Madigan S. Secondary and Tertiary Prevention for Adolescent Dating Violence: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241265384. [PMID: 39077987 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241265384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a pervasive public health issue associated with numerous social, psychological, and physical health consequences. Thus, programs are often implemented to prevent ADV and promote healthy relationships. Although there is a growing body of literature on primary ADV prevention strategies (i.e., prevention), little is known about secondary (e.g., early intervention) and tertiary (e.g., manage and reduce impact once occurring) ADV prevention approaches. This systematic review, guided by Cochrane Review methodology, summarizes available evidence on secondary and tertiary ADV preventive interventions. The search had no date restriction and was conducted in eight databases in November 2022. Studies published in English and/or Spanish were included if they described the development, implementation, and/or evaluation of a secondary and/or tertiary preventive intervention for ADV. After screening the titles and abstracts of 3,645 articles, 31 articles were included in this study, reporting on 14 secondary, 3 primary/secondary, 6 secondary/tertiary, and 1 tertiary ADV preventive intervention. The included studies highlighted that available secondary ADV prevention strategies are quite effective in preventing ADV victimization and perpetration, and that the effects may be strongest for teens with a higher risk of being involved in an abusive relationship. The only included study that reported on a tertiary intervention was a program development study. Based on the lack of tertiary prevention strategies available for ADV, clinical interventions focusing on treating and reducing negative consequences after ADV are needed.
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Mark TE, Bair-Merritt MH, Chung SE, Flessa SJ, Trent M, Rothman EF, Matson PA. Discordant and Concordant Substance Use and Daily Partner Violence in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships With Baseline Dating Violence. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:69-75. [PMID: 38739051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are significant public health issues in the United States. Together, they can harm emotional regulation and romantic relationship functioning. This study examines the role of concordant and discordant substance use on IPV within AYA relationships. METHODS A prospective cohort of community-recruited AYA women in a heterosexual dating relationship with past-month IPV completed four months of daily surveys via a cell phone. Each day, participants reported any IPV perpetration and/or victimization, their alcohol and drug use, and observed partner substance use. Concordant substance use was coded when the participant and partner used drugs or alcohol on the same day. Discordant use was coded when only the participant or partner used drugs or alcohol on a given day. Alcohol and drug use were modeled separately. Generalized estimating equations accounted for the correlation of repeated measures. RESULTS Participants (N = 143) were 18.2 (1.1) years old, 93% African American race. Discordant alcohol and drug use was associated with same-day victimization, perpetration, and co-occurring violence compared to concordant nonuse. Similarly, concordant alcohol use, drug use, and alcohol/drug use were associated with increased odds of victimization, perpetration, and co-occurring violence compared to concordant nonuse. DISCUSSION Daily data illustrated that dyadic patterns of substance use are associated with IPV. These findings may facilitate the development of effective and developmentally appropriate IPV intervention programs for AYA that also integrate strategies to reduce substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E Mark
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Megan H Bair-Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shang-En Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Flessa
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Trent
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily F Rothman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Groves AK, Gebrekristos LT, Stoner MCD, Gómez-Olivé FX, Kahn K, Pettifor AE. Assessing the durability of a cash transfer on physical intimate partner violence and sexual relationships among adolescent girls and young women in rural South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2024; 350:116948. [PMID: 38728977 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cash transfers can reduce adolescent girls and young women's (AGYW) risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). In our own cash transfer intervention (HPTN 068), AGYW who received a cash transfer were less likely to experience IPV than non-recipients, in part because the cash reduced their engagement in sexual partnerships. This mixed-methods study builds on earlier findings to examine whether the protective effects were sustained after the cash ended and when the cash transfer was the most impactful. METHODS HPTN 068 was an experimental HIV prevention intervention trial. AGYW who participated completed 3 annual surveys during the intervention and an additional survey 2.5 years post-intervention. We used log-binomial regression models to assess the durability of the cash transfer on outcomes and included an interaction term in models to examine when effects were largest. We analyzed qualitative interviews conducted after the cash ended to contextualize findings. RESULTS Post-intervention, the relative risk of physical IPV was lower among AGYW who received it compared to those who did not, but not statistically significant (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.10). AGYW who received the cash transfer also had a lower relative risk of ever having had sex and of having any sexual partner in the last 12 months (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.01; RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99, respectively). The protective effect of the cash transfer on physical IPV was highest in Years 1 and 2 (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55-0.75 and RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.55-0.77, respectively). Qualitative data corroborated the quantitative findings. CONCLUSION The cash transfer reduced AGYW's risk of IPV, though effects were attenuated after the cash ended. Provision of cash during adolescence - a period when AGYW are highly susceptible to IPV and HIV - may empower them in their current relationship and yield long term health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Groves
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Luwam T Gebrekristos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie C D Stoner
- Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana
| | - Audrey E Pettifor
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Adhia A, Richey AE, McMahon S, Temple JR, Rothman EF. Societal Factors and Teen Dating Violence: a Scoping Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2024; 11:96-109. [PMID: 39045453 PMCID: PMC11262579 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This scoping review aims to identify quantitative research studies in the USA examining the association between societal factors and teen dating violence (TDV) victimization and/or perpetration. Recent Findings Nine articles examined a range of societal factors including gender norms and gender equality; cultural norms that support aggression towards others; income inequality; and laws and policies. Factors were measured in states, neighborhoods, schools, and classes. While findings varied, certain societal factors may be associated with TDV. Summary Findings highlight the relative lack of research examining associations between societal factors and TDV. This may be driven by limited data availability, complexity and cost of such research, and unclear definitions and measurement of societal factors. To decrease TDV and improve population-level adolescent health, more rigorous research is needed to inform the development of multilevel and structural interventions to address the outer layers of the social ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ann E. Richey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah McMahon
- Center for Research On Ending Violence, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Emily F. Rothman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Seto MC, Roche K, Rodrigues NC, Curry S, Letourneau E. Evaluating Child Sexual Abuse Perpetration Prevention Efforts: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38768427 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2356194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Many child sexual abuse prevention efforts focus on the prevention of victimization, through education of children and parents, bystander training, and policies and practices in youth-serving organizations (e.g. requiring criminal record checks). However, there has been growing attention to child sexual abuse perpetration prevention, targeted at individuals who are at risk of perpetration. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting outcomes for child sexual abuse perpetration prevention interventions. Only seven studies were identified in our review, with five intended for adults and two intended for children. Four of the five adult studies had significant methodological concerns, precluding strong conclusions from these studies. We concluded that higher-quality evaluations of perpetration prevention efforts are greatly needed. We also identified intrafamilial perpetration prevention, particularly interventions for parents or caregivers, as a critical gap in the literature. Suggestions for child sexual abuse perpetration intervention evaluation and delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Curry
- Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ottawa, Canada
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Liu L, Taylor BG, Liu W, Stein ND. The Saturation- and Dose-Dependent Effects of a Teen Sexual Harassment Prevention Program: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:616-627. [PMID: 38517606 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Using a randomized controlled trial, we investigated changes in both sexual harassment (SH) perpetration and victimization of 2104 middle school students in New York City who received divergent saturation and dosage levels of Shifting Boundaries, an SH prevention program, which was represented by the length of the program. We assessed the saturation effect of the program by comparing the outcomes across respondents from 26 schools in which there were varying percentages of students enrolled in the program. The data suggested that, overall, the program was effective in reducing sexual harassment victimization but achieved a null effect against respondents' SH perpetration and that neither the length nor the school-saturation level of the program exerted a significant effect on SH perpetration. Although the data indicated a significant difference in SH victimization between the treatment and control group, when comparing subgroups who received treatment with divergent saturation and dosage levels, no statistically significant difference was identified. Our results suggested that the program effect was not contingent on the portion of students in a school who enrolled in the program, nor was it contingent on the dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Bruce G Taylor
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East West Highway, 8th Floor, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East West Highway, 8th Floor, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nan D Stein
- Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
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Cherrier C, Akhras-Pancaldi C, De Pietro J, Rusch E, Vieira G, Potard C, Fillol A, Courtois R. Supporting the applicability and transferability of the “Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter” program in France. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2024; 36:23-32. [PMID: 38580464 DOI: 10.3917/spub.241.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people is a major challenge for public policies. Nevertheless, there are a few prevention programs that have proven effective in France. “Sortir Ensemble & Se Respecter” (SE&SR) is a Swiss adaptation of “Safe Dates,” an American intervention program that has reduced violent behavior by young perpetrators and victims of IPV alike. The aim of this article is to analyze the applicability and “potential transferability” of SE&SR in France. METHODS We described the SE&SR intervention by explaining the intervention theory, the key functions (i.e., the “ingredients” allowing the SE&SR program to work), and we commented on its applicability from a perspective of adapting and transferring it to the French context. We used the ASTAIRE tool and the FIC (key functions, implementation, context) approach. RESULTS The intervention theory highlighted various factors, acting at the individual level (i.e., beliefs/representations, knowledge, life skills) and at the level of the living environment (i.e., facilities welcoming young people; families; public policies; networks of actors), that can prevent IPV among young people. Ten key functions have been identified, revealing the “skeleton” of the Swiss intervention. We drew on these results to comment on the intervention’s applicability, with a view to transferability, specifying the contextual elements to consider before implementing SE&SR in France. CONCLUSION This study aims to make the process of evaluating applicability, with a view to transferring an evidence-based program to the French context, more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Cherrier
- UR 1901 QualiPsy, département de psychologie, université de Tours, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Rusch
- UR 7505 EES, département de santé publique, université de Tours, France
| | | | - Catherine Potard
- UR 4638 LPPL, département de psychologie, université d’Angers, France
| | - Amandine Fillol
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health, Inserm U1219, université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- UR 1901 QualiPsy, département de psychologie, université de Tours, France
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Johnson SL, Rasmussen JM, Mansoor M, Ibrahim H, Rono W, Goel P, Vissoci JRN, Von Isenburg M, Puffer ES. Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1168-1183. [PMID: 37226506 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231173428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health crisis with long-term adverse consequences for both victims and perpetrators. Patterns of violence often begin during adolescence, yet most interventions target adult relationships. A systematic review was conducted to identify correlates of IPV victimization and perpetration among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Eligible studies included participants 10 to 24 years old, took place in SSA, and tested a statistical association between a correlate and an IPV outcome. Correlates were defined as any condition or characteristic associated with statistically significant increased or decreased risk of IPV victimization or perpetration. PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, and African Index Medicus were searched and included studies published between January 1, 2000 and February 4, 2022. The search resulted in 3,384 original studies, of which 55 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Correlates were first qualitatively synthesized by developmental period (e.g., early adolescence, older adolescence, and young adulthood) and then organized in a conceptual framework by correlate type (e.g., socio-demographic; health, behavior, and attitudes; relational; or contextual). Over two decades of literature reveals variability in evidence by developmental period but also substantial overlap in the correlates of victimization and perpetration. This review identifies multiple points for intervention and results suggest the urgent need for earlier, developmentally appropriate prevention efforts among younger adolescents as well as combined approaches that target both victimization and perpetration of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah L Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin M Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hawo Ibrahim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilter Rono
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pari Goel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - João R N Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan Von Isenburg
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University Medical Center Archives, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Johnson SL, Mootz J, Waller B, Fortunato Dos Santos P, Jaguga F, Giusto A. A global call for adolescent intimate partner violence prevention. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:238-239. [PMID: 38280384 PMCID: PMC11003822 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah L Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer Mootz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadine Waller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Florence Jaguga
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Department of Mental Health, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ali Giusto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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McNaughton Reyes HL, Armora Langoni EG, Sharpless L, Moracco KE, Benavides Q, Foshee VA. Web-Based Delivery of a Family-Based Dating Abuse Prevention Program for Adolescents Exposed to Interparental Violence: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e49718. [PMID: 38039070 PMCID: PMC10724814 DOI: 10.2196/49718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) can have cascading negative impacts on children that elevate the risk of involvement in dating abuse. This cascade may be prevented by programs that support the development of healthy relationships in children exposed to IPV. This paper describes the results of a study of the web-based adaptation of an evidence-based dating abuse prevention program for IPV-exposed youth and their maternal caregivers. Core information and activities from an evidence-based program, Moms and Teens for Safe Dates, were adapted to create the web-based program (e-MTSD), which comprises 1 module for mothers only and 5 modules for mother-adolescent dyads to complete together. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the e-MTSD program and the associated research processes. We also examined the practicability of randomizing mothers to receive SMS text message reminders and an action planning worksheet, which were intended to support engagement in the program. METHODS Mothers were recruited through community organizations and social media advertising and were eligible to participate if they had at least one adolescent aged 12 to 16 years of any gender identity who was willing to participate in the program with them, had experienced IPV after their adolescent was born, and were not currently living with an abusive partner. All mothers were asked to complete the program with their adolescent over a 6- to 8-week period. Participants were randomized to receive SMS text message reminders, action planning, or both using a 2×2 factorial design. Research feasibility was assessed by tracking recruitment, randomization, enrollment, and attrition rates. Program feasibility was assessed by tracking program uptake, completion, duration, and technical problems, and acceptability was assessed using web-based surveys. RESULTS Over a 6-month recruitment period, 101 eligible mother-adolescent dyads were enrolled in the study and were eligible for follow-up. The median age of the adolescent participants was 14 years; 57.4% (58/101) identified as female, 32.7% (33/101) identified as male, and 9.9% (10/101) identified as gender diverse. All but one mother accessed the program website at least once; 87.1% (88/101) completed at least one mother-adolescent program module, and 74.3% (75/101) completed all 6 program modules. Both mothers and adolescents found the program to be highly acceptable; across all program modules, over 90% of mothers and over 80% of adolescents reported that the modules kept their attention, were enjoyable, were easy to do, and provided useful information. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the feasibility of web-based delivery and evaluation of the e-MTSD program. Furthermore, average ratings of program acceptability were high. Future research is needed to assess program efficacy and identify the predictors and outcomes of program engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eliana G Armora Langoni
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Laurel Sharpless
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn E Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Quetzabel Benavides
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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14
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Forcadell-Díez L, Bosch-Arís M, Espinel-Flores V, Abiétar DG, Puig-Barrachina V, Juárez Martínez O, Pérez G. [An evaluation of teacher training to promote healthy and equitable relationships: transforming or reproducing?]. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102338. [PMID: 38006665 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the training on teacher capacity to implement Posem el Focus, a socio-educational intervention adapted from Lights4Violence to prevent the gender-based violence during adolescence. METHOD Evaluation study of a training using qualitative methodology in Terrassa, 2019-2021. The socio-constructionist perspective was used to understand the impact of teacher training and its translation into educational practice. A purposive sampling of teachers (n=32) was carried out. A descriptive-interpretative analysis of the discourses was carried out based on the written productions of the participants in the training and their answers to some open questions. An explanatory theoretical framework was developed. RESULTS Teachers reported acquiring concepts, developing new skills and modifying some attitudes. Teachers stated theoretical understanding of the sex-gender system, intersectionality and explicit and implicit violence. However, they reproduced gender stereotypes, did not understand the inclusive approach and pointed out not identifying implicit violence. Teachers perceived the training as useful and felt empowered to implement the intervention. No differences were identified in discursive production with respect to gender or age. CONCLUSIONS Teacher training ensures minimum knowledge and facilitates the acquisition of some skills, although it does not achieve in-depth changes in attitudes. It is concluded that the training enables teachers to implement Posem el Focus, although it is recommended that it be reformulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Forcadell-Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España.
| | - Mar Bosch-Arís
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Verónica Espinel-Flores
- Servei d'Estudis i Prospectives en Polítiques de Salut, Consorci de Salut i Social de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
| | - Daniel G Abiétar
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Vanessa Puig-Barrachina
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Olga Juárez Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Glòria Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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15
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Gracia E, García-Senlle M, Martín-Fernández M, Lila M. High Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Young Adulthood: Is Prevention Failing? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:10205-10233. [PMID: 37222532 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231172479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, prevention measures have been taken globally to reduce the high prevalence of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in our societies. As a consequence, a gradual reduction in the prevalence of IPVAW in the younger generations should be expected. However, international prevalence data suggest that this is not the case. In the present study, we aim to compare IPVAW-prevalence rates across age groups in the adult population in Spain. We used data from the Spanish 2019 national survey based on 9,568 interviews with women, reporting IPVAW in three time periods: lifetime, the last 4 years, and the last year. To ensure accurate comparisons of IPVAW-prevalence rates across age groups, we first examined the psychometric properties, and measurement invariance of the set of questions addressing the different types of IPVAW (i.e., physical, sexual, psychological) in this survey. Results supported a three-factor latent structure addressing psychological, physical, and sexual IPVAW, showing high-internal consistency and validity evidence. For lifetime prevalence, the youngest age groups (18-24 years) were those with the highest latent mean in psychological and physical IPVAW, with those aged 25 to 34 years having the highest score in sexual IPVAW. Women aged 18 to 24 years showed the highest factor scores in the three types of violence during the last 4 years and during the last year. A number of potential explanatory hypotheses are proposed to better understand the high prevalence of IPVAW among younger generations. The reason why IPVAW prevalence remains alarmingly high among young women, despite the preventive measures taken in recent years, is a research question that remains open. Prevention efforts should target younger generations if IPVAW is to be eradicated in the long term. However, this goal will only be achieved if those prevention efforts prove to be effective.
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16
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Graham LM, Lloyd AM, McCort AD, Macy RJ, Moracco KE, Reyes HLM, Martin SL. Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships to Implement and Evaluate Sexual and Relationship Violence Prevention Programs for Boys and Men. Violence Against Women 2023:10778012231185545. [PMID: 37501605 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231185545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Although male-focused sexual and relationship violence (SRV) prevention programs are widely promulgated, limited guidance concerning how programs should be implemented for rigorous evaluation exists. To help develop evidence for such guidance, this paper reports on 20 interviews with leaders at youth-serving community-based organizations (CBOs) and educational institutions, which are sites for male-focused SRV prevention programs. This study examined: (1) how programs can be designed to engage male participants; and (2) how youth-serving CBOs and educational institutions can partner with researchers for evaluations. Findings underscore the importance of attending to the unique needs of program participants, their parents/guardians, and host organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Graham
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adrienne M Lloyd
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Agnieszka D McCort
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca J Macy
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn E Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra L Martin
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Lesinskienė S, Istomina N, Stonkutė G, Krotova J, Šambaras R, Austys D. First and Later Dating Experiences and Dating Violence among High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4870. [PMID: 36981779 PMCID: PMC10048862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated early dating experiences by exploring the complex aspects of first-time and later romantic involvement as well as the surrounding circumstances. In total, 377 young people (with the median age being 17 years) were investigated in six high schools in two cities in Lithuania using a questionnaire designed for research purposes by the authors. The results from this study in Lithuania contribute to the field by showing current data on the cultural and psychosocial aspects of dating experiences in high schools. This investigation into first-time and later dating creates an appropriate window to explore and investigate the attitudes, dating habits, and experiences of late adolescents, comprising negative experiences and sexual harassment, which could be used to build preventative programmes. The obtained results provide various data that are useful for trying to better understand the current habits and experiences of young people, for public health specialists, educators, and doctors and also provide an opportunity for monitoring trends, dynamic changes over time, and cross-cultural comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskienė
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalja Istomina
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Greta Stonkutė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rokas Šambaras
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Austys
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Ndungu J, Ngcobo-Sithole M, Gibbs A. Learners' viewpoints on the possibilities and limitations imposed by social contexts on online group-based participatory interventions to address violence. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3894-3911. [PMID: 35748787 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern amongst young people. Consequently, prevention efforts in the form of participatory interventions have been implemented, mainly in face-to-face settings. However, in recent years, there has been a growing interest to deliver participatory IPV prevention interventions online, and this has been exacerbated by COVID-19 imposed limitations. There remain concerns, however, about the impact social contexts may have on transformative communication in participatory interventions online. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 learners (14-19 years) from Eastern Cape province, South Africa, to understand the possibilities and limitations that social contexts impose on online participatory IPV prevention interventions. Access to devices, reliable internet, and privacy in homes provided opportunities for online IPV prevention interventions, while limited privacy, safety, concentration, and familiarity with some apps online challenged young people's interest in online IPV prevention interventions. We also found that young people's greatest concern was around achieving trust, privacy and safety online. More evidence is needed on how trust, privacy, and safety, supportive of transformative communication, can be achieved online. Further, young people are active and strategic in their engagements online and their potential to generate creative relevant solutions to address these challenges is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ndungu
- School of Behavioural Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Andrew Gibbs
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Lowe H, Dobbin J, Kiss L, Mak J, Mannell J, Watson D, Devakumar D. Mechanisms for the prevention of adolescent intimate partner violence: A realist review of interventions in low- and middle-income countries. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001230. [PMID: 36962608 PMCID: PMC10022317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent girls are among those at the greatest risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite adolescence being widely regarded as a window of opportunity to influence attitudes and behaviours related to gender equality, evidence on what works to prevent IPV at this critical stage is limited outside of high-income, school-based settings. Even less is understood about the mechanisms of change in these interventions. We conducted a realist review of primary prevention interventions for adolescent IPV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to synthesise evidence on how they work, for whom, and under which circumstances. The review took place in four iterative stages: 1) exploratory scoping, 2) developing initial programme theory, 3) systematic database search, screening and extraction, and 4) purposive searching and refinement of programme theory. We identified eleven adolescent IPV prevention interventions in LMICs, most of which demonstrated a positive impact on IPV experience and/or perpetration (n = 10). Most interventions (n = 9) implemented school- or community-based interactive peer-group education to transform attitudes and norms around gender and relationships for behaviour change. The central mechanism of change related to gender transformative content prompting adolescents to critically reflect on their attitudes and relationships, leading to a reconceptualisation of their values and beliefs. This central mechanism was supported by two secondary implementation mechanisms: 1) the design and delivery of interventions: interactive, age-appropriate education delivered in peer-groups provided adolescents a safe space to engage with content and build communication skills, and 2) the target group: social norms interventions targeting the wider community created enabling environments supportive of individual change. This review highlights the immense potential of gender transformative interventions during the critical period of adolescence for IPV prevention. Future interventions should consider the broader drivers of adolescent IPV and ensure intersectionality informed approaches to maximise their potential to capitalise on this window of opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie Lowe
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Dobbin
- Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ligia Kiss
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joelle Mak
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenevieve Mannell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniella Watson
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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20
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Madrona-Bonastre R, Sanz-Barbero B, Pérez-Martínez V, Abiétar DG, Sánchez-Martínez F, Forcadell-Díez L, Pérez G, Vives-Cases C. [Sexism and intimate partner violence in adolescents]. GACETA SANITARIA 2022; 37:102221. [PMID: 36113323 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the efforts to reduce gender inequality, sexism persists. There are still few studies on this matter that consider variables such as sexual desire or migration background. The aim of this study is to analyse the social circumstances (individual and from the immediate context) associated with sexism as well as its relationship with intimate partner violence perpetration amongst adolescents. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 1421 students aged 13-17 from Alicante and Terrassa (2019-2021). Sexism was measured with the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, which assesses ambivalent, hostile and benevolent sexism. Generalized linear models were carried out and stratified by sex to identify variables associated with sexism. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between sexism and intimate partner violence. RESULTS The likelihood of a high score in ambivalent sexism was higher in migrants (girls and boys: p<0.01) and adolescents with migrant parents (girls: p<0.01; boys: p<0.05). Non-heterosexual desire was negatively associated with sexism in girls (benevolent: p<0.01) and boys (ambivalent and hostile: p<0.01; benevolent: p<0.05). Hostile sexism showed association with intimate partner violence perpetration, independently of the rest of the adjustment variables included in the model, for both girls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.00-1.14) and boys (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20). CONCLUSIONS Sexism is present amongst teenagers and its relationship with intimate partner violence is confirmed. Sexual desire and migration background should be taken into account for intimate partner violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Madrona-Bonastre
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Belén Sanz-Barbero
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vanesa Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Daniel G Abiétar
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Lluís Forcadell-Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España
| | - Glòria Pérez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, España
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España.
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21
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Piolanti A, Foran HM. Psychological violence in dating relationships among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevention programs. Prev Med 2022; 159:107053. [PMID: 35469775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Teen Psychological Dating Violence (TPDV) is a serious public health concern. However, there is limited evidence on the capacity of programs to prevent this form of violence. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy of prevention programs for TPDV. PsycINFO/Eric/PsycArticles, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception through January 2021 to identify RCTs of prevention programs for adolescents that reported a measure of TPDV. The effect sizes were computed as the difference between the prevention program and control group at post or follow-up assessment by calculating Hedges's g with a random-effect model. Thirteen trials met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There was a small but significant effect size in favor of the prevention group as compared to the control condition for victimization (g = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.37; p < 0.001) and perpetration (g = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.37; p < 0.001) of TPDV. Overall, the combined effect size for any TPDV perpetration/victimization was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.34; p < 0.001). Exploratory subgroup analysis showed that programs implemented at multiple levels (such as home, school, community) reported significantly larger effect sizes compared to single-level interventions. Significant differences in effect sizes were also associated with the type of scale used to assess TPDV. Current evidence suggests that intervention programs for TPDV may be effective, particularly when implemented at multiple levels. Further research focusing on refining tools to assess TPDV is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piolanti
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria..
| | - Heather M Foran
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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22
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Graham LM, Kafka JM, AbiNader MA, Lawler SM, Gover-Chamlou AN, Messing JT, Moracco KE. Intimate Partner Violence-Related Fatalities Among U.S. Youth Aged 0-24 Years, 2014-2018. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:529-537. [PMID: 34876319 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about intimate partner violence-related fatalities among young people. This study comprehensively identifies and describes intimate partner violence-related homicides, homicide-suicides, legal intervention deaths, and suicides among young people. METHODS Data from the 2014-2018 National Violent Death Reporting System were analyzed for all decedents aged 0-24 years in 38 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico with known circumstances of death (n=29,702). Intimate partner violence-related deaths were identified using National Violent Death Reporting System variables across all manners of death and supplementary narrative review for suicides. This article reports the proportion of intimate partner violence versus non-intimate partner violence-related deaths by manner of death, descriptive statistics, and rate of intimate partner violence-related death per 100,000 person years. To examine disparities in intimate partner violence-related deaths, generalized estimating equations were used with robust standard errors to account for clustering of deaths within states and fixed effects for years. Statistical analyses were conducted May and August 2021. RESULTS A total of 1,927 intimate partner violence-related deaths were identified, which represents 6.5% of violent deaths with known circumstances, at a rate of 0.35 per 100,000 person years. Supplementary narrative review identified 44.7% of all intimate partner violence-related deaths. There were significant differences by race/ethnicity and whether a firearm inflicted the fatal injury for male and female decedents by manner of death. CONCLUSIONS If the National Violent Death Reporting System does not assess whether intimate partner violence was a precipitating factor across all death manners, the true magnitude of intimate partner violence's contribution to violent death will be underestimated. Future research that identifies factors associated with all manners of intimate partner violence-related deaths among young people will help inform intervention and prevention strategies to save young lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie M Graham
- School of Social Work, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Julie M Kafka
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; UNC Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Millan A AbiNader
- Penn School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Siobhan M Lawler
- School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Jill T Messing
- School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; Office of Gender-Based Violence, School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Kathryn E Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; UNC Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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23
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Prevention of violence against women and girls: A cost-effectiveness study across 6 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003827. [PMID: 35324910 PMCID: PMC8946747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a human rights violation with social, economic, and health consequences for survivors, perpetrators, and society. Robust evidence on economic, social, and health impact, plus the cost of delivery of VAWG prevention, is critical to making the case for investment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where health sector resources are highly constrained. We report on the costs and health impact of VAWG prevention in 6 countries. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis of VAWG prevention interventions using primary data from 5 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in sub-Saharan Africa and 1 in South Asia. We evaluated 2 school-based interventions aimed at adolescents (11 to 14 years old) and 2 workshop-based (small group or one to one) interventions, 1 community-based intervention, and 1 combined small group and community-based programme all aimed at adult men and women (18+ years old). All interventions were delivered between 2015 and 2018 and were compared to a do-nothing scenario, except for one of the school-based interventions (government-mandated programme) and for the combined intervention (access to financial services in small groups). We computed the health burden from VAWG with disability-adjusted life year (DALY). We estimated per capita DALYs averted using statistical models that reflect each trial's design and any baseline imbalances. We report cost-effectiveness as cost per DALY averted and characterise uncertainty in the estimates with probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs), which show the probability of cost-effectiveness at different thresholds. We report a subgroup analysis of the small group component of the combined intervention and no other subgroup analysis. We also report an impact inventory to illustrate interventions' socioeconomic impact beyond health. We use a 3% discount rate for investment costs and a 1-year time horizon, assuming no effects post the intervention period. From a health sector perspective, the cost per DALY averted varies between US$222 (2018), for an established gender attitudes and harmful social norms change community-based intervention in Ghana, to US$17,548 (2018) for a livelihoods intervention in South Africa. Taking a societal perspective and including wider economic impact improves the cost-effectiveness of some interventions but reduces others. For example, interventions with positive economic impacts, often those with explicit economic goals, offset implementation costs and achieve more favourable cost-effectiveness ratios. Results are robust to sensitivity analyses. Our DALYs include a subset of the health consequences of VAWG exposure; we assume no mortality impact from any of the health consequences included in the DALYs calculations. In both cases, we may be underestimating overall health impact. We also do not report on participants' health costs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that investment in established community-based VAWG prevention interventions can improve population health in LMICs, even within highly constrained health budgets. However, several VAWG prevention interventions require further modification to achieve affordability and cost-effectiveness at scale. Broadening the range of social, health, and economic outcomes captured in future cost-effectiveness assessments remains critical to justifying the investment urgently required to prevent VAWG globally.
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Piolanti A, Foran HM. Efficacy of Interventions to Prevent Physical and Sexual Dating Violence Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:142-149. [PMID: 34842911 PMCID: PMC8630665 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sexual and physical dating violence is prevalent among adolescents and is associated with adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of prevention programs for sexual and physical dating violence in adolescents. DATA SOURCES Search terms were combined for dating violence, adolescents, and randomized clinical trials in PsycINFO/Eric/PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception through April 2021. STUDY SELECTION Included studies had a randomized design of any type examining the efficacy of an intervention to reduce dating violence among adolescents and provided at least 1 measure of sexual or physical dating violence. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data extraction coded characteristics of trials, participants, and interventions and assessed risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the target population and intervention factors associated with positive outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The odds ratio (OR) was calculated for 3 different outcomes: (1) sexual dating violence, (2) physical dating violence, and (3) composite measures of sexual and physical dating violence. For each outcome, separate analyses were conducted for survivorship and perpetration scores. We also combined the scores of physical/sexual violence and perpetration/survivorship of teen dating violence into a single composite overall outcome including all studies. RESULTS Eighteen trials (22 781 adolescents) were included. Overall, interventions were associated with reduced physical and sexual dating violence (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.89; P < .001). Separate analyses further indicated that this association was significant for physical violence perpetration (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92; P = .01) and survivorship (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95; P = .01). For sexual violence, the association was not statistically significant. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed that trials targeting at-risk youth, older adolescents (age >15 years), and trials involving parents in the intervention reported significantly larger effect sizes. Meta-regression analyses did not show any significant associations between intervention effect sizes and length or intensity of the programs. Publication bias was observed, but the adjusted ORs remained significant. Three studies reported iatrogenic associations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that prevention programs may be effective in reducing physical teen dating violence, but there is unclear evidence of the effect on sexual violence outcomes. Further research assessing the active ingredients of interventions, especially in the area of sexual dating violence, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piolanti
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Heather M. Foran
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e45-e55. [PMID: 34772564 PMCID: PMC9125790 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are widespread and often occur early in life. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of interventions for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth. METHODS Studies were identified from 2 previous systematic reviews and an updated search (January 2012-June 2016). Included studies were implemented among youth, conducted in high-income countries, and aimed to prevent or reduce the perpetration of intimate partner violence or sexual violence. In 2016-2017, Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide) methods were used to assess effectiveness as determined by perpetration, victimization, or bystander action. When heterogeneity of outcomes prevented usual Community Guide methods, the team systematically applied criteria for favorability (statistically significant at p<0.05 or approaching significance at p<0.10) and consistency (75% of results in the same direction). RESULTS A total of 28 studies (32 arms) met inclusion and quality of execution criteria. Interventions used combinations of teaching healthy relationship skills, promoting social norms to protect against violence, or creating protective environments. Overall, 18 of 24 study arms reported favorable results on the basis of the direction of effect for decreasing perpetration; however, favorability for bystander action diminished with longer follow-up. Interventions did not demonstrate consistent results for decreasing victimization. A bridge search conducted during Fall 2020 confirmed these results. DISCUSSION Interventions for the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence are effective in reducing perpetration. Increasing bystander action may require additional follow-up as effectiveness diminishes over time. Findings may inform researchers, school personnel, public health, and other decision makers about effective strategies to prevent intimate partner violence and sexual violence among youth.
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Schuster I, Tomaszewska P. Introduction to the special issue. Prevalence and predictors of teen dating violence: A European perspective. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:5-10. [PMID: 34905646 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Reyes HLM, Langoni EGA, Sharpless L, Blackburn N, McCort A, Macy RJ, Moracco KE, Foshee VA. Online delivery of a family-based dating violence prevention program for youth who have been exposed to intimate partner violence: Protocol for an acceptability and feasibility study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e35487. [PMID: 35930332 PMCID: PMC9391968 DOI: 10.2196/35487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) between caregivers are at an increased risk of becoming involved in dating violence during adolescence. However, to date, few adolescent dating violence (ADV) prevention programs have been developed for and evaluated with youth exposed to IPV. An exception is Moms and Teens for Safe Dates (MTSD), an evidence-based ADV prevention program for mothers or maternal caregivers (mothers) exposed to IPV and their teenagers. The MTSD program comprises a series of booklets that families complete together in a home that includes activities to promote positive family communication and healthy teenager relationships. We developed a web-adapted version of the MTSD program—entitled eMoms and Teens for Safe Dates (eMTSD)—to provide a delivery format that may increase program appeal for digitally oriented teenagers, lower dissemination costs, lower reading burden for low-literacy participants, and incorporate built-in cues and reminders to boost program adherence. Objective This protocol is for a research study that has the following three main objectives: to assess the acceptability of eMTSD; to identify the feasibility of the research process, including program adherence and participant recruitment and assessment; and to explore the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of 2 features—text reminders and the creation of an action plan for engaging with the program—that may increase program uptake and completion. Methods Approximately 100 mothers and their teenagers will be invited to complete eMTSD, which includes six 30-minute web-based modules over a 6-week period. Mothers will be recruited through community organizations and social media advertising and will be eligible to participate if they have at least 1 teenager aged 12 to 16 years living with them, have experienced IPV after the teenager was born, are not currently living with an abusive partner, and have access to an internet-enabled device. Using a factorial design, enrolled dyads will be randomized to the following four adherence support groups (n=25 dyads per group): text reminders and action planning, text reminders only, action planning only, and no adherence supports. All participants will complete brief web-based assessments at enrollment after each module is completed, after the full program is completed, and 90 days after enrollment. Program adherence will be tracked using website use metrics. Results The data collected will be synthesized to assess the acceptability of the program and the feasibility of the study procedures. An exploratory analysis will examine the impact of adherence support on program completion levels. In November 2021, ethical approval was received and recruitment was initiated. Data collection is expected to continue until December 2022. Conclusions The web-based delivery of a family-based healthy relationship program for teenagers exposed to IPV may offer a convenient, low-cost, and engaging approach to preventing ADV. The findings from this study are expected to guide future research. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35487
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eliana Gabriela Armora Langoni
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Laurel Sharpless
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Natalie Blackburn
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Agnieszka McCort
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca J Macy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn E Moracco
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Padilla Medina DM, Gilbar O, Williams JR. Development of a Questionnaire on Intentions to Engage in Dating Violence Among Puerto Rican Residents. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 37:1181-1193. [PMID: 34873365 PMCID: PMC8636584 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-021-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This mixed-methods paper describes the development and preliminary validation of the Behavioral Intentions Questionnaire (BIQ), a multi-scale questionnaire developed to assess determinants influencing Puerto Rican adolescents' intentions to engage in abusive behaviors in dating relationships. Items were developed qualitatively, and face and content validity were established by expert and target population judges via semi-structured interviews (n = 48), discussions, and four focus groups (n = 6 each). The questionnaire was pilot tested twice. An initial pilot test was conducted with students aged 13 to 17 from a private alternative education program in San Juan, Puerto Rico (n = 32). A second pilot test was conducted with a sample of students from the same site (n = 22), in addition to students in the same age range from a private school (n = 88) in San Juan. Confirmatory and Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine construct validity and Cronbach's coefficient alpha determined the subscales internal consistency reliability. Correlations between subscales were examined. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Qualitative data suggested the need to revise or eliminate items and instructions and incorporate a social desirability measure. Factor analyses yielded a unidimensional structure for each subscale and each subscale demonstrated high internal consistency. Preliminary analysis on the factor structure, internal reliability, and validity of the BIQ were encouraging. However, further psychometric testing is needed before this measure can be considered a useful tool for measuring intentions to engage in abusive behaviors in dating relationships. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10896-021-00341-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Padilla Medina
- Graduate School of Social Work Beatriz Lassalle, University of Puerto Rico, 9 Ave. Universidad Ste. 901, San Juan, 00925-2529 Puerto Rico
| | - Ohad Gilbar
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
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Devries KM, Ward CH, Naker D, Parkes J, Bonell C, Bhatia A, Tanton C, EdxWalakira, Mudekunye LA, Alampay LP, Naved RT. School violence: where are the interventions? THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 6:5-7. [PMID: 34793723 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Devries
- Child Protection Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Catherine H Ward
- Department of Psychology and Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Jenny Parkes
- University College London-Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- Child Protection Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Child Protection Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - EdxWalakira
- Department of Social work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lynette A Mudekunye
- REPSSI (Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative), Johannesburg, South Africa
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