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Chen T, Zhang B, He G, Shen C, Wang N, Zong J, Chen X, Chen L, Li C, Zhou X. Exosomes-mediated retinoic acid disruption: A link between gut microbiota depletion and impaired spermatogenesis. Toxicology 2024; 508:153907. [PMID: 39121937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota symbiosis faces enormous challenge with increasing exposure to drugs such as environmental poisons and antibiotics. The gut microbiota is an important component of the host microbiota and has been proven to be involved in regulating spermatogenesis, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. A male mouse model with gut microbiota depletion/dysbiosis was constructed by adding combined antibiotics to free drinking water, and reproductive parameters such as epididymal sperm count, testicular weight and paraffin sections were measured. Testicular transcriptomic and serum metabolomic analyses were performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of reproductive dysfunction induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis in male mice.This study confirms that antibiotic induced depletion of gut microbiota reduces sperm count in the epididymis and reduces germ cells in the seminiferous tubules in male mice. Further study showed that exosomes isolated from microbiota-depleted mice led to abnormally high levels of retinoic acid and decrease in the number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and sperm in the epididymis. Finally, abnormally high levels of retinoic acid was confirmed to disrupted meiotic processes, resulting in spermatogenesis disorders. This study proposed the concept of the gut microbiota-exosome-retinoic acid-testicular axis and demonstrated that depletion of the gut microbiota caused changes in the function of exosomes, which led to abnormal retinoic acid metabolism in the testis, thereby impairing meiosis and spermatogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Guitian He
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jinxin Zong
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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Chen L, Cao H, Zhang X, Du X, Guan Y, Li M, Chang AK, He X, Li X, Bi X. Antidepressant effects of sulforaphane (SFN) and its derivatives SLL-III-9 and SLL-III-120 and their potential underlying mechanisms based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39370907 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) is a vegetable with numerous nutritional properties, with sulforaphane (SFN) being the most abundant and unique bioactive ingredient. SFN has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, a series of SFN derivatives were synthesized and screened for improved antidepressant effects. Among these, the SFN derivatives SLL-III-9 and SLL-III-120 were the best candidates, and the potential antidepressant mechanism of SFN, SLL-III-9, and SLL-III-120 associated with their effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model was explored based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. All three compounds were able to relieve depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice and regulate the composition of the gut bacteria Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Parabasalia, and Tenericutes at the phylum level and Bacteroidales bacterium, Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4, Muribaculum intestinale, Muribaculaceae bacterium, and Prevotella sp. MGM1 at the species level, possibly altering their function associated with the anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, SFN and its derivatives upregulated the expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin and increased the concentration of IL-10, dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), while downregulating the expressions of proteins related to the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and reducing the concentration of TNF-α. Further in vitro studies revealed significant inhibition of the production of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-activated BV2 cells via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway when these cells were treated with SFN or its two derivatives. Taken together, the results suggested that SFN and its two derivatives, SLL-III-9 and SLL-III-120, could be considered potential compounds for the development of a promising and safe agent for combating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Occurrence and Nutrition Intervention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Huihui Cao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Xintong Du
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Yang Guan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Mei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Alan K Chang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianran He
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Occurrence and Nutrition Intervention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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Wang Z, Guo S, He C, Chen L, Wang J, Xiu W, Zhang G, Chen Y, Li A, Zhu X, Xiao X, Yu L, Lu F. Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability in Glaucoma. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:6895-6904. [PMID: 39372596 PMCID: PMC11451454 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s480809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of glaucoma. This dysbiosis is commonly associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. However, the understanding of intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma remains insufficient. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between fecal inflammation and permeability markers and glaucoma. Methods We recruited 114 glaucoma patients and 75 healthy controls. Levels of fecal lactoferrin (Lf) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare both biomarkers between groups and across different severity grades of glaucoma. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between these fecal biomarkers and glaucoma. The severity of glaucoma was assessed based on the mean deviation (MD) in the visual field. Results In this study, we observed elevated levels of fecal Lf and AAT in glaucoma patients. The proportion of glaucoma patients with abnormal fecal Lf levels (≥ 7.25 µg/g) was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.012). A positive correlation was noted between fecal Lf and AAT (rho = 0.20, p = 0.006). After adjusting for age and sex, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both fecal Lf (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, p = 0.026) and AAT (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, p < 0.001) positively correlated with glaucoma. These biomarkers might reflect glaucoma severity, with significant differences in fecal Lf levels observed between moderate and severe stages, but not in the early stage. Furthermore, increasing levels of fecal AAT correlated with greater severity of glaucomatous injury and a larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests an increase in intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma, further indicating the importance of the 'gut-retina axis' in the pathogenesis of the disease and potentially offering new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong He
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xiu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - An Li
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Lu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Di Salvo C, D'Antongiovanni V, Benvenuti L, d'Amati A, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Pierucci C, Bellini G, Annese T, Virgintino D, Colucci R, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Errede M, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 attenuates cognitive impairment and progression of Alzheimer's disease and related bowel symptoms in SAMP8 mice by modulating microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain axis. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39302233 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence highlights the relevance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients display gut dysbiosis, altered intestinal barrier and enteric inflammation that, besides bowel symptoms, can contribute to brain pathology. In this context, the modulation of gut microbiota is emerging as a therapeutical option to halt or slow down central pathology. Herein, we examined the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 in a spontaneous mouse model of AD. Methods: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and control SAMR1 mice were treated orally with HEAL9 1 × 109 CFU per mouse per day or placebo for two months to evaluate the effects of the probiotic during the earliest stages of AD, before the development of brain pathology. Cognitive impairment, in vivo and in vitro colonic motility, astrocyte and microglia reactive response, brain and colonic amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels, and inflammasome components activation (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β) were assessed. In addition, gut barrier alterations [circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels] and acidic mucus were evaluated. Results: HEAL9 administration significantly attenuated cognitive impairment and counteracted colonic dysmotility in SAMP8 mice. Moreover, HEAL9 decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis, Aβ1-42 accumulation and inflammasome activation in colon and brain and normalized plasma LBP levels and colonic acidic mucus content. Conclusion: HEAL9 intake alleviated cognitive decline and normalized colonic motility in the prodromal phases of AD via the modulation of microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain signalling. Thus, dietary supplementation with HEAL9 could be considered as a suitable therapeutical option for the treatment of AD and related intestinal symptoms in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Salvo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - L Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A d'Amati
- Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
| | - C Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Pierucci
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - G Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Annese
- Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University LUM Giuseppe Degennaro, Casamassima, Bari, Italy
| | - D Virgintino
- Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
| | - R Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Errede
- Human Anatomy and Histology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
| | - N Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Yang S, Sun X, Liu D, Zhang Y, Gao X, He J, Cui M, Fu S, He D. Allantoin ameliorates dopaminergic neuronal damage in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice via regulating oxidative damage, inflammation, and gut microbiota disorder. Food Funct 2024; 15:9390-9408. [PMID: 39189380 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in older people. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the development of PD. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is the most common non-motor symptom, and inflammation of the gut, which activates the gut-brain axis, maybe a pathogenic factor. Previous studies have attributed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to Allantoin, but its function and mechanism of action in PD are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Allantoin on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Our results showed that Allantoin administration ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuronal damage in mice injected with MPTP by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Mechanistic studies showed that Allantoin suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting the overactivation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as oxidative stress by regulating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Notably, Allantoin also restored intestinal barrier function by modulating the gut microbiota and improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities to alleviate MPTP-induced motor deficits. In conclusion, the present study shows that the administration of Allantoin attenuated neurodegeneration in mice injected with MPTP by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and modulating the composition of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyu Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangmei He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingchi Cui
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dewei He
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Yue Y, Ke Y, Zheng J, Wang Z, Liu H, Liu S. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism and AMPK/mTOR pathway mediate antidepressant-like effect of Shugan Hewei Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1466336. [PMID: 39351096 PMCID: PMC11439769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1466336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression is a common psychological disorder, accompanied by a disturbance of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Recently, microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism and AMPK/mTOR pathway were found to be strongly linked to the development of depression. Shugan Hewei Decoction (SHD) is a classical anti-depression traditional Chinese medicine formula. Although, we have shown that SHD exerted antidepressant effects via cecal microbiota and cecum NLRP3 inflammasome, the specific mechanism of SHD on metabolism driven by gut microbiota is unknown. In this study, we focus on the tryptophan metabolism and AMPK/mTOR pathway to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms of SHD. Methods Male rats were established to the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)/social isolation for 6 weeks, and SHD-L (7.34 g/kg/d), SHD-H (14.68 g/kg/d), Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) (3.15 g/kg/d) were given by intragastric administration once daily during the last 2 weeks. Behavioral experiments were carried out to evaluate the model. The colonic content was taken out for shotgun metagenomic sequencing combined with the untargeted metabolomics, the targeted tryptophan metabolomics. ELISA was used to detect the levels of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), Occludin in colon, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate (DLA) in serum. The expressions of mRNA and proteins of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of autophagy were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blot in colon. Results SHD modulated gut microbiota function and biological pathways, which were related to tryptophan metabolism. In addition, SHD could regulate microbiota-derived tryptophan production (such as reduction of 3-HK, 3-HAA etc., increment of ILA, IAA etc.), which metabolites belong to kynurenine (KYN) and indole derivatives. Further, SHD reduced intestinal permeability and enhanced the intestinal barrier function. Moreover, SHD could upregulate the levels of AMPK, microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), autophagy related protein 5 (ATG5) and Beclin1, downregulate the levels of mTOR, p62, promoted autophagy in colon. Spearman's analysis illustrated the close correlation between tryptophan metabolites and intestinal barrier, AMPK/mTOR pathway. Conclusion SHD may exert antidepressant-like effects by regulating microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism, and triggering the AMPK/mTOR pathway of autophagy, enhancing the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Youlan Ke
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Zheng
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Lu S, Zhao Q, Guan Y, Sun Z, Li W, Guo S, Zhang A. The communication mechanism of the gut-brain axis and its effect on central nervous system diseases: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117207. [PMID: 39067168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in intricate and active metabolic processes the host's brain function, especially its role in immune responses, secondary metabolism, and symbiotic connections with the host. Gut microbiota can promote the production of essential metabolites, neurotransmitters, and other neuroactive chemicals that affect the development and treatment of central nervous system diseases. This article introduces the relevant pathways and manners of the communication between the brain and gut, summarizes a comprehensive overview of the current research status of key gut microbiota metabolites that affect the functions of the nervous system, revealing those adverse factors that affect typical communication between the brain-gut axis, and outlining the efforts made by researchers to alleviate these neurological diseases through targeted microbial interventions. The relevant pathways and manners of communication between the brain and gut contribute to the experimental design of new treatment plans and drug development. The factors that may cause changes in gut microbiota and affect metabolites, as well as current intervention methods are summarized, which helps improve gut microbiota brain dialogue, prevent adverse triggering factors from interfering with the gut microbiota system, and minimize neuropathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- School of Basic Medical Science of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China; Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
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Kim R, Sung JH. Recent Advances in Gut- and Gut-Organ-Axis-on-a-Chip Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302777. [PMID: 38243887 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut extracts nutrients from the diet while forming the largest barrier against the outer environment. In addition, the gut actively maintains homeostasis through intricate interactions with the gut microbes, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, and other organs. These interactions influence digestive health and, furthermore, play crucial roles in systemic health and disease. Given its primary role in absorbing and metabolizing orally administered drugs, there is significant interest in the development of preclinical in vitro model systems that can accurately emulate the intestine in vivo. A gut-on-a-chip system holds great potential as a testing and screening platform because of its ability to emulate the physiological aspects of in vivo tissues and expandability to incorporate and combine with other organs. This review aims to identify the key physiological features of the human gut that need to be incorporated to build more accurate preclinical models and highlights the recent progress in gut-on-a-chip systems and competing technologies toward building more physiologically relevant preclinical model systems. Furthermore, various efforts to construct multi-organ systems with the gut, called gut-organ-axis-on-a-chip models, are discussed. In vitro gut models with physiological relevance can provide valuable platforms for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
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D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Antonioli L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Benvenuti L, D'Amati A, Errede M, Virgintino D, Fornai M, Bernardini N. Enteric Glia and Brain Astroglia: Complex Communication in Health and Disease along the Gut-Brain Axis. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:493-510. [PMID: 37052336 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231163460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have provided interesting evidence about the role of the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain in the onset and development of several pathologic conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), neurodegenerative diseases, and related comorbidities. Indeed, patients with IBD can experience neurologic disorders, including depression and cognitive impairment, besides typical intestinal symptoms. In parallel, patients with neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, are often characterized by the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. In this context, enteric glial cells and brain astrocytes are emerging as pivotal players in the initiation/maintenance of neuroinflammatory responses, which appear to contribute to the alterations of intestinal and neurologic functions observed in patients with IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. The present review was conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available knowledge on the morphologic, molecular, and functional changes occurring in the enteric glia and brain astroglia in IBDs and neurologic disorders. In addition, our intent is to identify whether such alterations could represent a common denominator involved in the onset of comorbidities associated with the aforementioned disorders. This might help to identify putative targets useful to develop novel pharmacologic approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Amati
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Li L, Yang C, Jia M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Gong J, He Y, Xu K, Liu X, Chen X, Hu J, Liu Z. Synbiotic therapy with Clostridium sporogenes and xylan promotes gut-derived indole-3-propionic acid and improves cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Food Funct 2024; 15:7865-7882. [PMID: 38967039 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00886c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by cognitive impairment. Recent investigations have highlighted the potential of nutritional interventions that target the gut-brain axis, such as probiotics and prebiotics, in forestalling the onset of AD. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was employed to identify xylan as the optimal carbon source for the tryptophan metabolism regulating probiotic Clostridium sporogenes (C. sporogenes). Subsequent in vivo studies demonstrated that administration of a synbiotic formulation comprising C. sporogenes (1 × 1010 CFU per day) and xylan (1%, w/w) over a duration of 30 days markedly enhanced cognitive performance and spatial memory faculties in the 5xFAD transgenic AD mouse model. The synbiotic treatment significantly reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. Importantly, synbiotic therapy substantially restored the synaptic ultrastructure in AD mice and suppressed neuroinflammatory responses. Moreover, the intervention escalated levels of the microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and augmented the relative prevalence of IPA-synthesizing bacteria, Lachnospira and Clostridium, while reducing the dominant bacteria in AD, such as Aquabacterium, Corynebacterium, and Romboutsia. Notably, synbiotic treatment also prevented the disruption of gut barrier integrity. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive association between gut microbiota-generated IPA levels and behavioral changes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that synbiotic supplementation significantly improves cognitive and intellectual deficits in 5xFAD mice, which could be partly attributed to enhanced IPA production by gut microbiota. These findings provide a theoretical basis for considering synbiotic therapy as a novel microbiota-targeted approach for the treatment of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying He
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518004, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518004, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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11
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Mao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Pan J, Guo D, Huang L, Tian H, Ma K. Co-decoction of Lilii bulbus and Radix Rehmannia Recens and its key bioactive ingredient verbascoside inhibit neuroinflammation and intestinal permeability associated with chronic stress-induced depression via the gut microbiota-brain axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155510. [PMID: 38696921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression and are a therapeutic target via maintaining the homeostasis of the host through the gut microbiota-brain axis (GMBA). A co-decoction of Lilii bulbus and Radix Rehmannia Recens (LBRD), in which verbascoside is the key active ingredient, improves brain and gastrointestinal function in patients with depression. However, in depression treatment using verbascoside or LBRD, mechanisms underlying the bidirectional communication between the intestine and brain via the GMBA are still unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the role of verbascoside in alleviating depression via gut-brain bidirectional communication and to study the possible pathways involved in the GMBA. METHODS Key molecules and compounds involved in antidepressant action were identified using HPLC and transcriptomic analyses. The antidepressant effects of LBRD and verbascoside were observed in chronic stress induced depression model by behavioural test, neuronal morphology, and synaptic dendrite ultrastructure, and their neuroprotective function was measured in corticosterone (CORT)-stimulated nerve cell injury model. The causal link between the gut microbiota and the LBRD and verbascoside antidepressant efficacy was evaluate via gut microbiota composition analysis and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). RESULTS LBRD and Verbascoside administration ameliorated depression-like behaviours and synaptic damage by reversing gut microbiota disturbance and inhibiting inflammatory responses as the result of impaired intestinal permeability or blood-brain barrier leakiness. Furthermore, verbascoside exerted neuroprotective effects against CORT-induced cytotoxicity in an in vitro depression model. FMT therapy indicated that verbascoside treatment attenuated gut inflammation and central nervous system inflammatory responses, as well as eliminated neurotransmitter and brain-gut peptide deficiencies in the prefrontal cortex by modulating the composition of gut microbiota. Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus might play key roles in the antidepressant effects of LBRD via the GMBA. CONCLUSION The current study elucidates the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapeutic effects of LBRD on depression by remodeling GMBA homeostasis and further verifies the causality between gut microbiota and the antidepressant effects of verbascoside and LBRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Mao
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China; Institute of Virology, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Yanting Lu
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Jin Pan
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Dongjing Guo
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Liuxuan Huang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Haoquan Tian
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
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12
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Benvenuti L, Di Salvo C, Bellini G, Seguella L, Rettura F, Esposito G, Antonioli L, Ceravolo R, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Fornai M. Gut-directed therapy in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407925. [PMID: 38974034 PMCID: PMC11224490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and slow-progressing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. Over the last years, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is emerging as a bacterial-neuro-immune ascending pathway that contributes to the progression of PD. Indeed, PD patients are characterized by changes in gut microbiota composition, alterations of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and enteric neurogenic/inflammatory responses that, besides determining intestinal disturbances, contribute to brain pathology. In this context, despite the causal relationship between gut dysbiosis, impaired MGB axis and PD remains to be elucidated, emerging evidence shows that MGB axis modulation can represent a suitable therapeutical strategy for the treatment of PD. This review provides an overview of the available knowledge about the beneficial effects of gut-directed therapies, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in both PD patients and animal models. In this context, particular attention has been devoted to the mechanisms by which the modulation of MGB axis could halt or slow down PD pathology and, most importantly, how these approaches can be included in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ding R, Zhang K, Guo H, Lin Y. Self-Assembled Nanocarrier Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310838. [PMID: 38214694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Although bioactive compounds (BCs) have many important functions, their applications are greatly limited due to their own defects. The development of nanocarriers (NCs) technology has gradually overcome the defects of BCs. NCs are equally important as BCs to some extent. Self-assembly (SA) methods to build NCs have many advantages than chemical methods, and SA has significant impact on the structure and function of NCs. However, the relationship among SA mechanism, structure, and function has not been given enough attention. Therefore, from the perspective of bottom-up building mechanism, the concept of SA-structure-function of NCs is emphasized to promote the development of SA-based NCs. First, the conditions and forces for occurring SA are introduced, and then the SA basis and molecular mechanism of protein, polysaccharide, and lipid are summarized. Then, varieties of the structures formed based on SA are introduced in detail. Finally, facing the defects of BCs and how to be well solved by NCs are also elaborated. This review attempts to describe the great significance of constructing artificial NCs to deliver BCs from the aspects of SA-structure-function, so as to promote the development of SA-based NCs and the wide application of BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462300, China
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14
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Chen T, Zhang B, He G, Wang N, Cao M, Shen C, Chen X, Chen L, Liu K, Luo Y, huang Y, Yuan C, Zhou X, Li C. Gut-Derived Exosomes Mediate the Microbiota Dysbiosis-Induced Spermatogenesis Impairment by Targeting Meioc in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310110. [PMID: 38526201 PMCID: PMC11165515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Diseases like obesity and intestinal inflammation diseases are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (DSGM), which leads to various complications, including systemic metabolic disorders. DSGM reportedly impairs the fertility of male mice; however, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Exosomes are molecular mediators of intercellular communication, but the regulation of spermatogenesis by non-reproductive tissue-originated exosomes remains unknown. The present study shows that DSGM altered the miRNA expression profile of mouse circulating exosomes and impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, the single-cell sequencing results indicate that circulating exosomes from mice with DSGM impaired spermatogenesis, while circulating exosomes from wild mice improved spermatogenesis by promoting meiosis. Further study demonstrates that DSGM leads to abnormal upregulation of miR-211-5p in gut-derived circulating exosomes, which inhibited the expression of meiosis-specific with coiled-coil domain (Meioc) in the testes and impaired spermatogenesis by disturbing meiosis process. In summary, this study defines the important role of gut-derived exosomes in connecting the "gut-testis" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Guitian He
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Kening Liu
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Yuxin Luo
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Yiqiu huang
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal SciencesJilin University5333 Xian RoadChangchunJilin130062China
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15
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Huang C, Li X, Li H, Chen R, Li Z, Li D, Xu X, Zhang G, Qin L, Li B, Chu XM. Role of gut microbiota in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: from pathogenesis to related interventions. J Transl Med 2024; 22:433. [PMID: 38720361 PMCID: PMC11077873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer agent, but its clinical implication is limited by lethal cardiotoxicity. Growing evidences have shown that alterations in intestinal microbial composition and function, namely dysbiosis, are closely linked to the progression of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) through regulating the gut-microbiota-heart (GMH) axis. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in DIC, however, is largely unelucidated. Our review will focus on the potential mechanism between gut microbiota dysbiosis and DIC, so as to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DIC. Furthermore, we summarize the underlying interventions of microbial-targeted therapeutics in DIC, encompassing dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, antibiotics, and natural phytochemicals. Given the emergence of microbial investigation in DIC, finally we aim to point out a novel direction for future research and clinical intervention of DIC, which may be helpful for the DIC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Luning Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China.
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Sun X, Zhou C, Ju M, Feng W, Guo Z, Qi C, Yang K, Xiao R. Roseburia intestinalis Supplementation Could Reverse the Learning and Memory Impairment and m6A Methylation Modification Decrease Caused by 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1288. [PMID: 38732535 PMCID: PMC11085097 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormality in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is involved in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the intervention of 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) can affect the m6A methylation modification in the brain cortex. Disordered gut microbiota is a key link in 27-OHC leading to cognitive impairment, and further studies have found that the abundance of Roseburia intestinalis in the gut is significantly reduced under the intervention of 27-OHC. This study aims to investigate the association of 27-OHC, Roseburia intestinalis in the gut, and brain m6A modification in the learning and memory ability injury. In this study, 9-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with antibiotic cocktails for 6 weeks to sweep the intestinal flora, followed by 27-OHC or normal saline subcutaneous injection, and then Roseburia intestinalis or normal saline gavage were applied to the mouse. The 27-OHC level in the brain, the gut barrier function, the m6A modification in the brain, and the memory ability were measured. From the results, we observed that 27-OHC impairs the gut barrier function, causing a disturbance in the expression of m6A methylation-related enzymes and reducing the m6A methylation modification level in the brain cortex, and finally leads to learning and memory impairment. However, Roseburia intestinalis supplementation could reverse the negative effects mentioned above. This study suggests that 27-OHC-induced learning and memory impairment might be linked to brain m6A methylation modification disturbance, while Roseburia intestinalis, as a probiotic with great potential, could reverse the damage caused by 27-OHC. This research could help reveal the mechanism of 27-OHC-induced neural damage and provide important scientific evidence for the future use of Roseburia intestinalis in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (X.S.); (C.Z.); (M.J.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (C.Q.); (K.Y.)
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17
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Lv C, Cheng L, Feng W, Xie H, Kou J, Wang L, Shi M, Song X, Wang X, Chen S, Xue L, Zhang C, Li X, Zhao H. Targeting microbiota-immune-synaptic plasticity to explore the effect of tea polyphenols on improving memory in the aged type 2 diabetic rat model. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38622917 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2341188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to explore whether TP could improve memory in the aged type 2 diabetic rat model by regulating microbiota-immune-synaptic plasticity axis. METHODS The experiment was divided into two parts. Firstly, to investigate the effects of TP on the physiopathology of the aged T2DM model rats, rats were randomly divided into the Normal control group, the aged group, the Aged T2DM model group, the TP 75, 150, 300 mg/kg groups, the 150 mg/kg Piracetam group and the 3 mg/kg Rosiglitazone group. Then, to further verify whether TP improved memory in aged T2DM rat model by regulating intestinal flora, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from the rats in the 300 mg/kg TP group into the rats in the aged T2DM model group was carried out. Effects on gut microbiota, colonic integrity (epithelial tight junction proteins), and endotoxemia (serum LPS) were examined, along with synaptic structure, synaptic plasticity-related structural proteins and inflammation signaling of the hippocampus in our study. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that TP alleviated memory impairments in the aged T2DM rat model. The specific outcomes were as follows: TP 300 mg/kg corrected the gut dysbacteriosis, alleviated intestinal permeability reduction and peripheral/central inflammation, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, TP improved the synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of the aged T2DM model rats, whose expressions of SYN, PSD 95, NMDAR1 and GluR1 in hippocampus were significantly up-regulated. Surprisingly, rats of the FMT group displayed the same changes. DISCUSSION TP improves the memory in aged T2DM rat model. The mechanism may be related to the alteration of gut flora, which can inhibit hippocampal TLR4/NF-κB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammation, then improve synaptic plasticity. The study proposes that TP interventions aimed at manipulating the gut microbiota may hold great potential as an effective approach for preventing and treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Kou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqian Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangzhi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pellegrini C, Travagli RA. Gastrointestinal dysmotility in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G345-G359. [PMID: 38261717 PMCID: PMC11212145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00225.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple studies describe prodromal, nonmotor dysfunctions that affect the quality of life of patients who subsequently develop Parkinson's disease (PD). These prodromal dysfunctions comprise a wide array of autonomic issues, including severe gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders such as dysphagia, delayed gastric emptying, and chronic constipation. Indeed, strong evidence from studies in humans and animal models suggests that the GI tract and its neural, mainly vagal, connection to the central nervous system (CNS) could have a major role in the etiology of PD. In fact, misfolded α-synuclein aggregates that form Lewy bodies and neurites, i.e., the histological hallmarks of PD, are detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) before clinical diagnosis of PD. The aim of the present review is to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of GI dysmotility in PD, focusing our attention on functional, neurochemical, and molecular alterations in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Aburto MR, Cryan JF. Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:222-247. [PMID: 38355758 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influences development and function of the gut-brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present in the gut and brain are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis of different compartments across this axis. These barriers include the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Barriers are ideally positioned to receive and communicate gut microbial signals constituting a gateway for gut-microbiota-brain communication. In this Review, we focus on how modulation of these barriers by the gut microbiota can constitute an important channel of communication across the gut-brain axis. Moreover, barrier malfunction upon alterations in gut microbial composition could form the basis of various conditions, including often comorbid neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we should focus on unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of this communication and move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding of gut microbiota modulation of barriers, especially during critical windows of development, could be key to understanding the aetiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Feng A, Li C, Su S, Liu Y. 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation alleviates gut-vascular barrier disruption via inhibition of S100B/ADAM10 pathway. Tissue Barriers 2024:2327776. [PMID: 38494646 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2327776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut-vascular barrier (GVB) is the second barrier in mucosa to control systemic dissemination of gut bacteria. Severe burns induce enteroglial cells to produce S100B and endothelial cells to generate ADAM10 and cause vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency and GVB disruption. It is not clear whether vitamin D3 supplementation attenuates GVB damage via regulation of S100B/ADAM10 pathway. Here, GVB disruption was induced by 30% of total body surface area scalds. Rats were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.05, 0.5 or 5 μg/kg) or S100B monoclonal antibody (S100BmAb, 10 μg/kg) or GI254023X (ADAM10 inhibitor, 100 mg/kg). Rat enteric glial cell-line CRL2690 and rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were treated with S100B (5 μM) or plus 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.05, 0.5 or 5 μM) or GI254023X (5 μM). S100B, TNF-α, 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in serum and gut mucosa were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The endothelial permeability was measured using FITC-dextran 70 kDa. ADAM10 and β-catenin expression was assayed by Western blot. The results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 concentration in serum reduced whereas TNF-α and S100B in serum and gut mucosa increased in burned rats. S100BmAb, GI254023X and 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment lowered burns-increased GVB permeability. 1,25(OH)2D3 also decreased S100B concentration in serum and gut mucosa. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited S100B release from TNF-α-treated CRL2690 and raised β-catenin while decreasing ADAM10 protein in S100B-treated RIMECs. 1,25(OH)2D3 and GI254023X also decreased the endothelial permeability of S100B-treated RIMECs. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that severe burns lower serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration. 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation alleviates burns-elicited GVB disruption via inhibition of S100B/ADAM10 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shaosheng Su
- Department of General Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Zou X, Zou G, Zou X, Wang K, Chen Z. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in Alzheimer's disease: from pathogenesis to treatment. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17061. [PMID: 38495755 PMCID: PMC10944166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that altered microbial diversity and function (such as metabolites), or ecological disorders, regulate bowel-brain axis involvement in the pathophysiologic processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysregulation of microbes and their metabolites can be a double-edged sword in AD, presenting the possibility of microbiome-based treatment options. This review describes the link between ecological imbalances and AD, the interactions between AD treatment modalities and the microbiota, and the potential of interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as complementary therapeutic strategies targeting AD pathogenesis and progression. Survey methodology Articles from PubMed and china.com on intestinal flora and AD were summarized to analyze the data and conclusions carefully to ensure the comprehensiveness, completeness, and accuracy of this review. Conclusions Regulating the gut flora ecological balance upregulates neurotrophic factor expression, regulates the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, and suppresses the inflammatory responses. Based on emerging research, this review explored novel directions for future AD research and clinical interventions, injecting new vitality into microbiota research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Zou
- Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Zou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Kangfeng Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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22
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Xie X, Wang L, Dong S, Ge S, Zhu T. Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:519-528. [PMID: 37721279 PMCID: PMC10581566 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xie
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - ShanChun Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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23
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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24
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Chai T, Shen J, Sheng Y, Huang Y, Liang W, Zhang Z, Zhao R, Shang H, Cheng W, Zhang H, Chen X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang H, Wang L, Pan S, Chen Y, Han L, Qiu Q, Gao A, Wei H, Fang X. Effects of flora deficiency on the structure and function of the large intestine. iScience 2024; 27:108941. [PMID: 38333708 PMCID: PMC10850757 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant anatomical changes in large intestine of germ-free (GF) mice provide excellent material for understanding microbe-host crosstalk. We observed significant differences of GF mice in anatomical and physiological involving in enlarged cecum, thinned mucosal layer and enriched water in cecal content. Furthermore, integration analysis of multi-omics data revealed the associations between the structure of large intestinal mesenchymal cells and the thinning of the mucosal layer. Increased Aqp8 expression in GF mice may contribute to enhanced water secretion or altered hydrodynamics in the cecum. In addition, the proportion of epithelial cells, nutrient absorption capacity, immune function and the metabolome of cecum contents of large intestine were also significantly altered. Together, this is the first systematic study of the transcriptome and metabolome of the cecum and colon of GF mice, and these findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interactions between microbes and the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailiang Chai
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yifei Sheng
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | - Zhao Zhang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Precision Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, Kangmeihuada GeneTech Co., Ltd. (KMHD), Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinwei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Precision Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- BGI, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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25
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Chen S, Cai X, Lao L, Wang Y, Su H, Sun H. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Historical Overview and Future Directions. Aging Dis 2024; 15:74-95. [PMID: 37307822 PMCID: PMC10796086 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease which is strongly associated with age. The incidence of ALS increases from the age of 40 and peaks between the ages of 65 and 70. Most patients die of respiratory muscle paralysis or lung infections within three to five years of the appearance of symptoms, dealing a huge blow to patients and their families. With aging populations, improved diagnostic methods and changes in reporting criteria, the incidence of ALS is likely to show an upward trend in the coming decades. Despite extensive researches have been done, the cause and pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear. In recent decades, large quantities of studies focusing on gut microbiota have shown that gut microbiota and its metabolites seem to change the evolvement of ALS through the brain-gut-microbiota axis, and in turn, the progression of ALS will exacerbate the imbalance of gut microbiota, thereby forming a vicious cycle. This suggests that further exploration and identification of the function of gut microbiota in ALS may be crucial to break the bottleneck in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Hence, the current review summarizes and discusses the latest research advancement and future directions of ALS and brain-gut-microbiota axis, so as to help relevant researchers gain correlative information instantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xinhong Cai
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Lin Lao
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Shao BZ, Jiang JJ, Zhao YC, Zheng XR, Xi N, Zhao GR, Huang XW, Wang SL. Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16465. [PMID: 38188146 PMCID: PMC10771765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive induction of inflammatory and immune responses is widely considered as one of vital factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neutrophils are well-studied members of inflammatory and immune cell family, contributing to the innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the regulation of various kinds of diseases, including CNS diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the biological features of NETs will be introduced. In addition, the role of NETs in several popular and well-studied CNS diseases including cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological cancers will be described and discussed through the reviewing of previous related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Iban-Arias R, Wang SH, Soares Dias Portela A, Yang EJ, Griggs E, Masieri S, Hu W, Chen LC, Pasinetti GM. Exposure to the World Trade Center Particulate Matter Alters the Gut-Brain Axis in Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S305-S325. [PMID: 39093074 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The September 11, 2001, catastrophe unleashed widespread destruction beyond the World Center (WTC), with fires and toxic gases leaving lasting impacts. First responders at Ground Zero faced prolonged exposure to hazardous particulate matter (PM), resulting in chronic health challenges. Among the multitude of health concerns, the potential association between the WTCPM and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has emerged as an area of intense inquiry, probing the intricate interplay between environmental factors and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective We posit that a genetic predisposition to AD in mice results in dysregulation of the gut-brain axis following chronic exposure to WTCPM. This, in turn, may heighten the risk of AD-like symptoms in these individuals. Methods 3xTg-AD and WT mice were intranasally administered with WTCPM collected at Ground Zero within 72 hours after the attacks. Working memory and learning and recognition memory were monitored for 4 months. Moreover, brain transcriptomic analysis and gut barrier permeability along with microbiome composition were examined. Results Our findings underscore the deleterious effects of WTCPM on cognitive function, as well as notable alterations in brain genes associated with synaptic plasticity, pro-survival, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Complementary, chronic exposure to the WTCPM led to increased gut permeability in AD mice and altered bacteria composition and expression of functional pathways in the gut. Conclusions Our results hint at a complex interplay between gut and brain axis, suggesting potential mechanisms through which WTCPM exposure may exacerbate cognitive decline. Identifying these pathways offers opportunities for tailored interventions to alleviate neurological effects among first responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Iban-Arias
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griggs
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sibilla Masieri
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sun X, Zhou X, He W, Sun W, Xu Z. Co-Housing and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Technical Support for TCM Herbal Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Diseases Based on Gut Microbial Ecosystem Remodeling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3803-3831. [PMID: 38155743 PMCID: PMC10753978 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s443462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the gut microbial ecosystem (GME) (eg, alterations in the gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites, and gut barrier) may contribute to the onset and progression of extra-intestinal diseases. Previous studies have found that Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs (TCMs) play an important role in manipulating the GME, but a prominent obstacle in current TCM research is the causal relationship between GME and disease amelioration. Encouragingly, co-housing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) provide evidence-based support for TCMs to treat extra-intestinal diseases by targeting GME. In this review, we documented the principles, operational procedures, applications and limitations of the key technologies (ie, co-housing and FMT); furthermore, we provided evidence that TCM works through the GME, especially the gut microbiota (eg, SCFA- and BSH-producing bacteria), the gut-derived metabolites (eg, IS, pCS, and SCFAs), and intestinal barrier to alleviate extra-intestinal diseases. This will be beneficial in constructing microecological pathways for TCM treatment of extra-intestinal diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China
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Li H, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhu X, Dai J, Lu Y. Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations in myopic mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251243. [PMID: 38179454 PMCID: PMC10764480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases leading to blurred distance vision. Inflammatory diseases could trigger or exacerbate myopic changes. Although gut microbiota bacteria are associated with various inflammatory diseases, little is known about its role in myopia. Materials and methods The mice were randomly divided into control and model groups, with the model group being attached-30D lens onto the eyes for 3 weeks. Then, mouse cecal contents and plasma were collected to analyze their intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolome. Results We identified that the microbial composition differed considerably between the myopic and non-myopic mice, with the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum decreased obviously while that of Actinobacteria phylum was increased in myopia. Furthermore, Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with axial lengths (ALs) of eyeballs while negatively correlated with refractive diopters. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 141 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in amino acid metabolism pathways. Notably, pathways involved glutamate metabolism including "Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism" and "Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism" was changed dramatically, which presented as the concentrations of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine decreased obviously in myopia. Interestingly, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolites alternations in myopia have a disrupting gut barrier feature. We further demonstrated that the gut barrier function was impaired in myopic mice manifesting in decreased expression of Occludin, ZO-1 and increased permeation of FITC-dextran. Discussion Myopic mice had obviously altered gut microbiome and metabolites profiles compared to non-myopic mice. The dysbiosis and plasma metabolomics shift in myopia had an interrupting gut barrier feature. Our study provides new insights into the possible role of the gut microbiota in myopia and reinforces the potential feasibility of microbiome-based therapies in myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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Jakobi B, Vlaming P, Mulder D, Ribases M, Richarte V, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, Vrijsen JN, Buitelaar J, Franke B, Hoogman M, Bloemendaal M, Arias-Vasquez A. The gut-microbiome in adult Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - A Meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.18.23300126. [PMID: 38196604 PMCID: PMC10775329 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.23300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that persists into adulthood in the majority of individuals. While the gut-microbiome seems to be relevant for ADHD, the few publications on gut-microbial alterations in ADHD are inconsistent, in the investigated phenotypes, sequencing method/region, preprocessing, statistical approaches, and findings. To identify gut-microbiome alterations in adult ADHD, robust across studies and statistical approaches, we harmonized bioinformatic pipelines and analyses of raw 16S rRNA sequencing data from four adult ADHD case-control studies (N ADHD =312, N NoADHD =305). We investigated diversity and differential abundance of selected genera (logistic regression and ANOVA-like Differential Expression tool), corrected for age and sex, and meta-analyzed the study results. Converging results were investigated for association with hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive symptoms across all participants. Beta diversity was associated with ADHD diagnosis but showed significant heterogeneity between cohorts, despite harmonized analyses. Several genera were robustly associated with adult ADHD; e.g., Ruminococcus_torques_group (LogOdds=0.17, p fdr =4.42×10 -2 ), which was more abundant in adults with ADHD, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group (LogOdds= -0.12, p fdr =6.9 x 10 -3 ), which was less abundant in ADHD. Ruminococcus_torques_group was further associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and Eisenbergiella with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (p fdr <0.05). The literature points towards a role of these genera in inflammatory processes. Irreproducible results in the field of gut-microbiota research, due to between study heterogeneity and small sample sizes, stress the need for meta-analytic approaches and large sample sizes. While we robustly identified genera associated with adult ADHD, that might overall be considered beneficial or risk-conferring, functional studies are needed to shed light on these properties.
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Neubauer J, Kaiser A, Hohmann S. [Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Correlations and Potential Implications for Therapeutic Interventions]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 52:151-165. [PMID: 38098430 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Correlations and Potential Implications for Therapeutic Interventions Abstract: At the beginning of research on microbiota, researchers focused mainly on the role of microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastrointestinal diseases. However, over the last years, researchers have also identified correlations with other physical processes and neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. These correlations are believed to be at least partly mediated through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. An altered composition of microbiota in patients with autism spectrum disorder was detected compared to healthy controls. Today, the discussion centers around a possible systemic impact of the metabolites of some microbiota or microbiota-induced chronic inflammatory processes on the brain (mediated through the brain-gut-microbiome axis) as an underlying mechanism. Still, the specific underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, so conclusions on therapeutic implications are difficult to determine. Here, we describe some promising approaches to improving autistic behavior through dietary changes, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, stool transplantation from healthy controls, and restricted absorbance of certain metabolites. We need further clinical studies of high quality to fully understand the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Neubauer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- AG Neurophysiologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
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32
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Zhang T, Gao G, Kwok LY, Sun Z. Gut microbiome-targeted therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271613. [PMID: 37934614 PMCID: PMC10631445 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput 'omics' technologies has improved our knowledge of gut microbiome in human health and disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Frequent bidirectional communications and mutual regulation exist between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. A large body of research has reported a close association between the gut microbiota and AD development, and restoring a healthy gut microbiota may curb or even improve AD symptoms and progression. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiota has become a novel paradigm for clinical management of AD, and emerging effort has focused on developing potential novel strategies for preventing and/or treating the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the connection and causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD, the mechanisms of gut microbiota in driving AD progression, and the successes and challenges of implementing available gut microbiome-targeted therapies (including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) in preventive and/or therapeutic preclinical and clinical intervention studies of AD. Finally, we discuss the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Lu Y, Zhang P, Xu F, Zheng Y, Zhao H. Advances in the study of IL-17 in neurological diseases and mental disorders. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1284304. [PMID: 38046578 PMCID: PMC10690603 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1284304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine characteristically secreted by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its importance in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune or chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that neurological diseases and mental disorders are closely related to immune function, and varying degrees of immune dysregulation may disrupt normal expression of immune molecules at critical stages of neural development. Starting from relevant mechanisms affecting immune regulation, this article reviews the research progress of IL-17 in a selected group of neurological diseases and mental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and depression) from the perspective of neuroinflammation and the microbiota-gut-brain axis, summarizes the commonalities, and provides a prospective outlook of target application in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Piaopiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, He H, Peng M, Zeng M, Sun H. The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: A focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109690. [PMID: 37619773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
At present, a large number of relevant studies have suggested that the changes in gut microbiota are related to the course of nervous system diseases, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Indole and its derivatives, as the products of the gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan, can be used as ligands to regulate inflammation and autoimmune response in vivo. In recent years, some studies have found that the levels of indole and its derivatives differ significantly between patients with central nervous system diseases and healthy individuals, suggesting that they may be important mediators for the involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the disease course. Tryptophan metabolites produced by gut microbiota are involved in multiple physiological reactions, take indole for example, it participates in the process of inflammation and anti-inflammatory effects through various cellular physiological activities mediated by aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), which can influence a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review mainly explores and summarizes the relationship between indoles and human neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety, and puts forward that the level of indoles can be regulated through various direct or indirect ways to improve the prognosis of central nervous system diseases and reverse the dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Hui He
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meichang Peng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meiqin Zeng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Chu C, Wang X, Yang C, Chen F, Shi L, Xu W, Wang K, Liu B, Wang C, Sun D, Ding W. Neutrophil extracellular traps drive intestinal microvascular endothelial ferroptosis by impairing Fundc1-dependent mitophagy. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102906. [PMID: 37812880 PMCID: PMC10579540 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial damage caused by intestinal ischemia‒reperfusion (II/R) is a primary catalyst for microcirculation dysfunction and enterogenous infection. Previous studies have mainly focused on how neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and ferroptosis cause intestinal epithelial injury, and little attention has been given to how NETs, mainly from circulatory neutrophils, affect intestinal endothelial cells during II/R. This study aimed to unravel the mechanisms through which NETs cause intestinal microvascular dysfunction. We first detected heightened local NET infiltration around the intestinal microvasculature, accompanied by increased endothelial cell ferroptosis, resulting in microcirculation dysfunction in both human and animal II/R models. However, the administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 or the inhibition of NETs via neutrophil-specific peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (Pad4) deficiency led to positive outcomes, with reduced intestinal endothelial ferroptosis and microvascular function recovery. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant enrichment of mitophagy- and ferroptosis-related signaling pathways in HUVECs incubated with NETs. Mechanistically, elevated NET formation induced Fundc1 phosphorylation at Tyr18 in intestinal endothelial cells, which led to mitophagy inhibition, mitochondrial quality control imbalance, and excessive mitochondrial ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, resulting in endothelial ferroptosis and microvascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, using the mitophagy activator urolithin A or AAV-Fundc1 transfection could reverse this process and ameliorate microvascular damage. We first demonstrate that increased NETosis could result in intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction and conclude that suppressed NET formation can mitigate intestinal endothelial ferroptosis by improving Fundc1-dependent mitophagy. Targeting NETs could be a promising approach for treating II/R-induced intestinal microcirculatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengnan Chu
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baochen Liu
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intestinal Injury, Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zheng Y, Bonfili L, Wei T, Eleuteri AM. Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4631. [PMID: 37960284 PMCID: PMC10648099 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, and endocrine communication pathways between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others, suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis. The gut microbiota is a pivotal component of the GBA, and alterations in its composition, known as gut dysbiosis, have been associated with GBA dysfunction and neurodegeneration. The gut microbiota might influence the homeostasis of the CNS by modulating the immune system and, more directly, regulating the production of molecules and metabolites that influence the nervous and endocrine systems, making it a potential therapeutic target. Preclinical trials manipulating microbial composition through dietary intervention, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) have provided promising outcomes. However, its clear mechanism is not well understood, and the results are not always consistent. Here, we provide an overview of the major components and communication pathways of the GBA, as well as therapeutic approaches targeting the GBA to ameliorate NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zheng
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (Y.Z.); (L.B.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (Y.Z.); (L.B.)
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy; (Y.Z.); (L.B.)
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D'Antongiovanni V, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Antonioli L, Colucci R, Fornai M, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C. Pathological Remodeling of the Gut Barrier as a Prodromal Event of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100194. [PMID: 37290605 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier alterations represent a primum movens in obesity and related intestinal dysfunctions. However, whether gut barrier remodeling represents prodromal events in obesity before weight gain, metabolic alterations, and systemic inflammation remains unclear. Herein, we examined morphologic changes in the gut barrier in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD) since the earliest phases of diet assumption. C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Remodeling of intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammatory infiltrate, and collagen deposition in the colonic wall was assessed by histochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. Obese mice displayed increased body and epididymal fat weight along with increased plasma resistin, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels after 8 weeks of HFD. Starting from 1 week of HFD, mice displayed (1) a decreased claudin-1 expression in lining epithelial cells, (2) an altered mucus in goblet cells, (3) an increase in proliferating epithelial cells in colonic crypts, (4) eosinophil infiltration along with an increase in vascular P-selectin, and (5) deposition of collagen fibers. HFD intake is associated with morphologic changes in the large bowel at mucosal and submucosal levels. In particular, the main changes include alterations in the mucous layer and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and activation of mucosal defense-enhanced fibrotic deposition. These changes represent early events occurring before the development of obesity condition that could contribute to compromising the intestinal mucosal barrier and functions, opening the way for systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Wang Y, Lai H, Zhang T, Wu J, Tang H, Liang X, Ren D, Huang J, Li W. Mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells in depression: Are they at a crossroads of gut-brain communication? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105403. [PMID: 37742989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut dysbiosis in depression is well established. However, recent studies have shown that gut microbiota is regulated by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mitochondria, which has yet to receive much attention. This review summarizes the recent developments about the critical role of IEC mitochondria in actively maintaining gut microbiota, intestinal metabolism, and immune homeostasis. We propose that IEC mitochondrial dysfunction alters gut microbiota composition, participates in cell fate, mediates oxidative stress, activates the peripheral immune system, causes peripheral inflammation, and transmits peripheral signals through the vagus and enteric nervous systems. These pathological alterations lead to brain inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, activation of microglia and astrocytes, induction of neuronal loss, and ultimately depression. Furthermore, we highlight the prospect of treating depression through the mitochondria of IECs. These new findings suggest that the mitochondria of IECs may be a newly found important factor in the pathogenesis of depression and represent a potential new strategy for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Huiling Tang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Liang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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Mariant CL, Bacola G, Van Landeghem L. Mini-Review: Enteric glia of the tumor microenvironment: An affair of corruption. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137416. [PMID: 37572875 PMCID: PMC10967235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment corresponds to a complex mixture of bioactive products released by local and recruited cells whose normal functions have been "corrupted" by cues originating from the tumor, mostly to favor cancer growth, dissemination and resistance to therapies. While the immune and the mesenchymal cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer have been under intense scrutiny over the last two decades, the influence of the resident neural cells of the gut on colon carcinogenesis has only very recently begun to draw attention. The vast majority of the resident neural cells of the gastrointestinal tract belong to the enteric nervous system and correspond to enteric neurons and enteric glial cells, both of which have been understudied in the context of colon cancer development and progression. In this review, we especially discuss available evidence on enteric glia impact on colon carcinogenesis. To highlight "corrupted" functioning in enteric glial cells of the tumor microenvironment and its repercussion on tumorigenesis, we first review the main regulatory effects of enteric glial cells on the intestinal epithelium in homeostatic conditions and we next present current knowledge on enteric glia influence on colon tumorigenesis. We particularly examine how enteric glial cell heterogeneity and plasticity require further appreciation to better understand the distinct regulatory interactions enteric glial cell subtypes engage with the various cell types of the tumor, and to identify novel biological targets to block enteric glia pro-carcinogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Mariant
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Gregory Bacola
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Benameur T, Porro C, Twfieg ME, Benameur N, Panaro MA, Filannino FM, Hasan A. Emerging Paradigms in Inflammatory Disease Management: Exploring Bioactive Compounds and the Gut Microbiota. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1226. [PMID: 37626582 PMCID: PMC10452544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of mutualistic microorganisms that play a critical role in maintaining human health through their individual interactions and with the host. The normal gastrointestinal microbiota plays a specific physiological function in host immunomodulation, nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, and protection against various pathogens. Inflammation is the innate immune response of living tissues to injury and damage caused by infections, physical and chemical trauma, immunological factors, and genetic derangements. Most diseases are associated with an underlying inflammatory process, with inflammation mediated through the contribution of active immune cells. Current strategies to control inflammatory pathways include pharmaceutical drugs, lifestyle, and dietary changes. However, this remains insufficient. Bioactive compounds (BCs) are nutritional constituents found in small quantities in food and plant extracts that provide numerous health benefits beyond their nutritional value. BCs are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-metabolic syndrome, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the destructive effect of inflammation on tissues by inhibiting or modulating the effects of inflammatory mediators, offering hope for patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disorders like atherosclerosis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review is to summarise the role of natural bioactive compounds in modulating inflammation and protecting human health, for their safety to preserve gut microbiota and improve their physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mohammed-Elfatih Twfieg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassima Benameur
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Research Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment (LARGHYDE), Mohamed Khider University, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Abeir Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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McMahan RH, Anton P, Coleman LG, Cresci GAM, Crews FT, Crotty KM, Luck ME, Molina PE, Vachharajani V, Weinberg J, Yeligar SM, Choudhry MA, McCullough RL, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol and Immunology: Mechanisms of multi-organ damage. Summary of the 2022 alcohol and Immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2023; 110:57-63. [PMID: 37061143 PMCID: PMC10330898 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
On October 26th, 2022 the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held as a satellite symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology in Hawaii. The 2022 meeting focused broadly on the immunological consequences of acute, chronic, and prenatal alcohol exposure and how these contribute to damage in multiple organs and tissues. These included alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, and decreased anti-microbial and anti-viral responses. In addition, research presented covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, gene regulation, and epigenetics. Finally, the work presented highlighted potential biomarkers and novel avenues of treatment for alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Paige Anton
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital and Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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42
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Torraville SE, Flynn CM, Kendall TL, Yuan Q. Life Experience Matters: Enrichment and Stress Can Influence the Likelihood of Developing Alzheimer's Disease via Gut Microbiome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1884. [PMID: 37509523 PMCID: PMC10377385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed from abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins (ptau). To date, there is no cure for AD. Earlier therapeutic efforts have focused on the clinical stages of AD. Despite paramount efforts and costs, pharmaceutical interventions including antibody therapies targeting Aβ have largely failed. This highlights the need to alternate treatment strategies and a shift of focus to early pre-clinical stages. Approximately 25-40% of AD cases can be attributed to environmental factors including chronic stress. Gut dysbiosis has been associated with stress and the pathogenesis of AD and can increase both Aβ and NFTs in animal models of the disease. Both stress and enrichment have been shown to alter AD progression and gut health. Targeting stress-induced gut dysbiosis through probiotic supplementation could provide a promising intervention to delay disease progression. In this review, we discuss the effects of stress, enrichment, and gut dysbiosis in AD models and the promising evidence from probiotic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Torraville
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Flynn
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tori L Kendall
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Qi Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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Gao M, Wang J, Lv Z. Supplementing Genistein for Breeder Hens Alters the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Offspring. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1468. [PMID: 37511844 PMCID: PMC10381885 DOI: 10.3390/life13071468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research revealed that dietary genistein supplementation for breeder hens can improve the immune function of offspring chicks. However, it remains unknown whether this maternal effect could improve the intestinal health of offspring. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism involved in the maternal effect of genistein on the intestinal mucosa and microbial homeostasis of chicken offspring. A total of 120 Qiling breeder hens were fed a basal diet, a 20 mg/kg genistein-supplemented diet, or a 40 mg/kg genistein-supplemented diet for 4 weeks before collecting their eggs. After hatching, 180 male offspring (60 chickens from each group) were randomly selected and divided into three groups: (1) the offspring of hens fed a basal diet (CON); (2) the offspring of hens fed a low-dose genistein-supplemented diet (LGE); (3) the offspring of hens fed a high-dose genistein-supplemented diet (HGE). At 17 d, 72 male offspring (48 chickens from CON and 24 chickens from LGE) were divided into three groups: (1) the offspring of hens fed a basal diet (CON); (2) the CON group challenged with LPS (LPS); (3) the LGE group challenged with LPS (LPS + LGE). The results showed that maternal genistein supplementation increased the birth weight and serum level of total protein (TP), followed by improved intestinal villus morphology. Continuously, the maternal effect on the body weight of chicks lasted until 21 d. Additionally, it was observed that maternal genistein supplementation exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced morphological damage and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, specifically ZO-1, Claudin1, E-cadherin, and Occludin, at 21 d. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we demonstrated that maternal supplementation of genistein has the potential to facilitate the maturation of newly hatched chicken offspring by enhancing the abundance of Escherichia coli. Additionally, maternal genistein supplementation can effectively reduce the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, thus mitigating the risk of bacterial diversity impairment of LPS. In light of these findings, maternal genistein supplementation holds promise as a potential strategy for ameliorating intestinal mucosal damage and modulating the microbiome in chicken offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Seguella L, Palenca I, Franzin SB, Zilli A, Esposito G. Mini-review: Interaction between intestinal microbes and enteric glia in health and disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137221. [PMID: 37031943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glia are a unique population of peripheral neuroglia associated with the enteric nervous system (ENS) throughout the digestive tract. The emerging data from the latest glial biology studies unveiled enteric glia as a heterogenic population with plastic and adaptative abilities that display phenotypic and functional changes upon distinct extrinsic cues. This aspect is essential in the dynamic signaling that enteric glia engage with neurons and other neighboring cells within the intestinal wall, such as epithelial, endocrine, and immune cells to maintain local homeostasis. Likewise, enteric glia sense signals from luminal microbes, although the extent of this active communication is still unclear. In this minireview, we discuss the recent findings that support glia-microbes crosstalk in the intestine in health and disease, pointing out the critical aspects that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Basili Franzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Aurora Zilli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Huang A, Ji L, Li Y, Li Y, Yu Q. Gut microbiome plays a vital role in post-stroke injury repair by mediating neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110126. [PMID: 37031605 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a common neurological disease and often causes severe neurological deficits. With high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates, stroke threatens patients' life quality and brings a heavy economic burden on society. Ischemic cerebral lesions incur pathological changes as well as spontaneous nerve repair following stroke. Strategies such as drug therapy, physical therapy, and surgical treatment, can ameliorate blood and oxygen supply in the brain, hamper the inflammatory responses and maintain the structural and functional integrity of the brain. The gut microbiome, referred to as the "second genome" of the human body, participates in the regulation of multiple physiological functions including metabolism, digestion, inflammation, and immunity. The gut microbiome is not only inextricably associated with dangerous factors pertaining to stroke, including high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, but also influences stroke occurrence and prognosis. AMPK functions as a hub of metabolic control and is responsible for the regulation of metabolic events under physiological and pathological conditions. The AMPK mediators have been found to exert dual roles in regulating gut microbiota and neuroinflammation/neuronal apoptosis in stroke. In this study, we reviewed the role of the gut microbiome in cerebral stroke and the underlying mechanism of the AMPK signaling pathway in stroke. AMPK mediators in nerve repair and the regulation of intestinal microbial balance were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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Qian XH, Liu XL, Zhang B, Lin Y, Xu JH, Ding GY, Tang HD. Investigating the causal association between branched-chain amino acids and Alzheimer's disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1103303. [PMID: 37063328 PMCID: PMC10102518 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere are many metabolic pathway abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have linked branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism disorders with AD but have not obtained consistent results. The purpose of this study is to explore the causal association between BCAA concentration and the risk of AD.MethodsA bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) study was applied to explore the causal effect between BCAA level and the risk of AD. Genetic instrumental variables from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum BCAA levels [total BCAAs (115,047 participants), valine (115,048 participants), leucine (115,074 participants), and isoleucine (115,075 participants)] from the UK Biobank and AD (21,982 AD cases and 41,944 controls) from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project were applied to explore the causal effect through the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median, accompanied by multiple pluripotency and heterogeneity tests.ResultsThe forward MR analysis showed that there was no causal effect of total BCAAs (OR: 1.067, 95% CI: 0.838–1.358; p = 0.838), valine (OR: 1.106, 95% CI: 0.917–1.333; p = 0.292), leucine (OR: 1.096, 95% CI: 0.861–1.396; p = 0.659), and isoleucine (OR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.024–2.742; p = 0.037) levels on the risk of AD. The reverse analysis showed that AD was related to reduced levels of total BCAAs (OR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.989–0.990; p < 0.001), valine (OR: 0.977, 95% CI: 0.963–0.991; p = 0.001), leucine (OR: 0.983, 95% CI: 0.973–0.994; p = 0.002), and isoleucine (OR: 0.982, 95% CI: 0.971–0.992; p = 0.001).ConclusionWe provide robust evidence that AD was associated with a decreased level of BCAAs, which can serve as a marker for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-hua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang-yu Ding
- Department of Neurology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gang-yu Ding
| | - Hui-dong Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui-dong Tang
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Treatment with the Olive Secoiridoid Oleacein Protects against the Intestinal Alterations Associated with EAE. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054977. [PMID: 36902407 PMCID: PMC10003427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Recent investigations highlight the gut-brain axis as a communication network with crucial implications in neurological diseases. Thus, disrupted intestinal integrity allows the translocation of luminal molecules into systemic circulation, promoting systemic/brain immune-inflammatory responses. In both, MS and its preclinical model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) gastrointestinal symptoms including "leaky gut" have been reported. Oleacein (OLE), a phenolic compound from extra virgin olive oil or olive leaves, harbors a wide range of therapeutic properties. Previously, we showed OLE effectiveness preventing motor defects and inflammatory damage of CNS tissues on EAE mice. The current studies examine its potential protective effects on intestinal barrier dysfunction using MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice. OLE decreased EAE-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the intestine, preventing tissue injury and permeability alterations. OLE protected from EAE-induced superoxide anion and accumulation of protein and lipid oxidation products in colon, also enhancing its antioxidant capacity. These effects were accompanied by reduced colonic IL-1β and TNFα levels in OLE-treated EAE mice, whereas the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 remained unchanged. Moreover, OLE protected the mucin-containing goblet cells in colon and the serum levels of iFABP and sCD14, markers that reflect loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and low-grade systemic inflammation, were significantly reduced. These effects on intestinal permeability did not draw significant differences on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. However, OLE induced an EAE-independent raise in the abundance of Akkermansiaceae family. Consistently, using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model, we confirmed that OLE protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by harmful mediators present in both EAE and MS. This study proves that the protective effect of OLE in EAE also involves normalizing the gut alterations associated to the disease.
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MicroRNAs and MAPKs: Evidence of These Molecular Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054736. [PMID: 36902178 PMCID: PMC10003111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known to be the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) were found deregulated in the brain or blood of AD patients, suggesting a possible key role in different stages of neurodegeneration. In particular, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling can be impaired by miRNA dysregulation during AD. Indeed, the aberrant MAPK pathway may facilitate the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau pathology, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell death. The aim of this review was to describe the molecular interactions between miRNAs and MAPKs during AD pathogenesis by selecting evidence from experimental AD models. Publications ranging from 2010 to 2023 were considered, based on PubMed and Web of Science databases. According to obtained data, several miRNA deregulations may regulate MAPK signaling in different stages of AD and conversely. Moreover, overexpressing or silencing miRNAs involved in MAPK regulation was seen to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. In particular, miR-132 is of particular interest due to its neuroprotective functions by inhibiting Aβ and Tau depositions, as well as oxidative stress, through ERK/MAPK1 signaling modulation. However, further investigations are required to confirm and implement these promising results.
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Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI. Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108289. [PMID: 36875103 PMCID: PMC9983034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. It increases exposure of the immune system to luminal microbes, triggering a perpetuating inflammatory response. For several decades, the inflammatory stimuli-induced breakdown of the human gut barrier was studied in vitro by using colon cancer derived epithelial cell lines. While providing a wealth of important data, these cell lines do not completely mimic the morphology and function of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) due to cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities and oncogenic mutations. The development of human intestinal organoids provided a physiologically-relevant experimental platform to study homeostatic regulation and disease-dependent dysfunctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. There is need to align and integrate the emerging data obtained with intestinal organoids and classical studies that utilized colon cancer cell lines. This review discusses the utilization of human intestinal organoids to dissect the roles and mechanisms of gut barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We summarize available data generated with two major types of organoids derived from either intestinal crypts or induced pluripotent stem cells and compare them to the results of earlier studies with conventional cell lines. We identify research areas where the complementary use of colon cancer-derived cell lines and organoids advance our understanding of epithelial barrier dysfunctions in the inflamed gut and identify unique questions that could be addressed only by using the intestinal organoid platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Liangxue Tongyu Prescription Alleviates Brain Damage in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats by Regulating Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2197763. [PMID: 36573082 PMCID: PMC9789913 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2197763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Liangxue Tongyu prescription (LTP) is a commonly used formula for acute intracerebral hemorrhage (AICH) in clinical practice that has significant ameliorative effects on neurological deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction, yet the mechanism remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathway by which LTP alleviates brain damage in AICH rats. Methods The AICH rat models were established by autologous caudal arterial blood injection. The neurological function scores were evaluated before and after treatment. The water content and the volume of Evans blue staining in the brain were measured to reflect the degree of brain damage. RT-PCR was used to detect the inflammatory factors of the brain. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin (CLDN) in the brain and colon, followed by mucin 2 (MUC2), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) in the colon. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratios of helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood, and the vagus nerve (VN) discharge signals were collected. Results LTP reduced the brain damage of the AICH rats. Compared with the model group, LTP significantly improved the permeability of the colonic mucosa, promoted the secretion of MUC2, SigA, and GPR43 in the colon, and regulated the immune balance of peripheral T cells. The AICH rats had significantly faster VN discharge rates and lower amplitudes than normal rats, and these abnormalities were corrected in the LTP and probiotics groups. Conclusion LTP can effectively reduce the degree of brain damage in AICH rats, and the mechanism may be that it can play a neuroprotective role by regulating the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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