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D'Alleva M, Lazzer S, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Bondesan A, Abbruzzese L, Sartorio A. Effects of combined training or moderate intensity continuous training during a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and substrate oxidation rate in adolescents with obesity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17609. [PMID: 37848570 PMCID: PMC10582026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined training (COMB, a combination of moderate-intensity continuous training-MICT and high-intensity interval training-HIIT) vs. continuous MICT administered during a 3-week in-hospital body weight reduction program (BWRP) on body composition, physical capacities, and substrate oxidation in adolescents with obesity. The 3-week in-hospital BWRP entailed moderate energy restriction, nutritional education, psychological counseling, and two different protocols of physical exercise. Twenty-one male adolescents with obesity (mean age: 16.1 ± 1.5 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 37.8 ± 4.5 kg m-2) participated in this randomized control trial study (n:10 for COMB, n:11 MICT), attending ~ 30 training sessions. The COMB group performed 3 repetitions of 2 min at 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V'O2 peak) (e.g., HIIT ≤ 20%), followed by 30 min at 60% of V'O2 peak (e.g., MICT ≥ 80%). Body composition, V'O2 peak, basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation rate were measured during the first week (W0) and at the end of three weeks of training (W3). The two training programs were equivalent in caloric expenditure. At W3, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased significantly in both groups, although the decrease in BM was significantly greater in the MICT group than in the COMB group (BM: - 5.0 ± 1.2 vs. - 8.4 ± 1.5, P < 0.05; FM: - 4.3 ± 3.0 vs. - 4.2 ± 1.9 kg, P < 0.05). V'O2 peak increased only in the COMB by a mean of 0.28 ± 0.22 L min-1 (P < 0.05). The maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) increased only in the COMB group by 0.04 ± 0.03 g min-1 (P < 0.05). COMB training represents a viable alternative to MICT for improving anthropometric characteristics, physical capacities, and MFO in adolescents with obesity during a 3-week in-hospital BWRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D'Alleva
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Adele Bondesan
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Desiree LG, C Wells J, Armando PG, Mario CB, Patricia C. Reference values for body composition in healthy urban Mexican children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01352-1. [PMID: 37845421 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the increasing incidence of chronic degenerative diseases related to changes in tissues, the availability of diagnostic tools with greater accuracy in the estimation of body composition (BC) has become necessary. Interpreting the BC values of individuals requires reference data obtained from a healthy population with the same ethnicity, to identify individuals at risk for the development of negative health outcomes. OBJECTIVE Generate reference values (RV) of body composition (BC) for Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS This was an urban-population-based cross-sectional study of healthy Mexican children and adolescents. BC estimations by anthropometry, multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) where used to create sex- and age-specific RV by means of generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). RESULTS We assessed 2104 subjects, and after confirming a clinically and metabolically healthy status, we measured 1659 subjects aged 5-20 years, [806 females (49%) and 853 males (51%)] by anthropometry, MF-BIA and DXA to create sex- and age- smoothed reference centiles, lambda (L), mu (M), and sigma (S) values. We also built sex- and age-smoothed graphic curves for each variable of interest. CONCLUSIONS We present valid RV and curves for BC variables estimated by anthropometry, MF-BIA and DXA from clinically and metabolically healthy urban Mexican children and adolescents. These RV are different from those reported for other populations, and therefore, should be used for clinical and research purposes involving urban Mexican children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopez-Gonzalez Desiree
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 2. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre. Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Partida-Gaytan Armando
- Associate Clinical Researcher, Clinical Research Direction, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cortina-Borja Mario
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Clark Patricia
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 2. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mahaffey R, Brown N, Cramp M, Morrison SC, Drechsler WI. Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance analysis in measuring body fat in 6-to-12-year-old boys compared with air displacement plethysmography. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1098-1104. [PMID: 36562205 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522004019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) has been considered as the 'standard' method to determine body fat in children due to superior validity and reliability compared with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). However, ADP and BIA are often used interchangeably despite few studies comparing measures of percentage body fat by ADP (%FMADP) with BIA (%FMBIA) in children with and without obesity. The objective of this study was to measure concurrent validity and reliability of %FMADP and %FMBIA in 6-to-12-year-old boys with and without obesity. Seventy-one boys (twenty-five with obesity) underwent body composition assessment. Ten boys participated in intra-day reliability analysis. %FMADP was estimated by Bodpod using sex- and age-specific equations of body density. %FMBIA was estimated by a multi-frequency, hand-to-foot device using child-specific equations based on impedance. Validity was assessed by t tests, correlation coefficients and limits of agreement (LoA); and reliability by technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Compared with %FMADP, %FMBIA was significantly underestimated in the cohort (-3·4 ± 5·6 %; effect size = 0·42) and in both boys with obesity (-5·2 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·90) and without obesity (-2·4 ± 5·5 %; ES = 0·52). A strong, significant positive correlation was found between %FMADP and %FMBIA (r = 0·80). Across the cohort, LoA were 22·3 %, and no proportional bias was detected. For reliability, TEM were 0·65 % and 0·55 %, and ICC were 0·93 and 0·95 for %FMBIA and %FMADP, respectively. Whilst both %FMADP and %FMBIA are highly reliable methods, considerable differences indicated that the devices cannot be used interchangeably in boys age 6-to-12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mahaffey
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Nicola Brown
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Mary Cramp
- Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of EnglandBristol, UK
| | - Stewart C Morrison
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, UK
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Alves Junior CAS, Martins PC, Gonçalves ECDA, de Lima LRA, Luiz Petroski É, Silva DAS. Association between lipid and glycemic profile and total body and trunk fat in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:7-12. [PMID: 36657932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic alterations and body fat redistribution are common in people living with HIV using antiretroviral therapy and increase the risk of premature cardiovascular diseases. AIM To verify the presence of difference in the lipid and glycemic profile in relation to different total body and trunk fat phenotypes in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV+. METHOD This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 62 children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV+. Lipid and glycemic profiles were obtained from blood samples. Total and trunk fat mass (FM) was obtained by DXA. Analysis of covariance was used to verify if there is difference in the lipid and glycemic profile between total body and trunk fat phenotypes. RESULTS In males, in the covariate-adjusted model, it was observed that boys with high total FM had higher triglyceride values (mean: 164.9 mg/dl-1 ±31.2) compared to those with low and adequate total FM. In females, in adjusted models, it was observed that girls with high total FM had higher total cholesterol (mean: 181.6 mg/dl-1 ±13.8) and LDL-C values (mean: 111.8 mg/dl-1 ±12.0), compared to those with low and adequate total FM. Girls with trunk FM had higher total cholesterol (mean: 181.6 mg/dl-1 ± 13.8), LDL-C (mean: 71.3 mg/dl-1 ± 9.6) and blood glucose values (91.6 mg/dl-1 ± 2.2). CONCLUSION Boys with high total FM had higher triglyceride levels, while in females, it was observed that girls with high total FM and high trunk FM had higher total cholesterol, LDL-C and blood glucose values. High body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV is related to metabolic changes in the lipid and glycemic profile, with specificities of sex and fat location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Junior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Custódio Martins
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
- Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas. Institute of Physical Education and Sport. Research Group on Biodynamics of Human Performance and Health, (GPBioS), Brazil
| | - Édio Luiz Petroski
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
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Tornero-Aguilera JF, Villegas-Mora BE, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Differences in Body Composition Analysis by DEXA, Skinfold and BIA Methods in Young Football Players. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1643. [PMID: 36360370 PMCID: PMC9688600 DOI: 10.3390/children9111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method in professional sports for fat percentage assessment is the skinfold method. However, there is the chance of bias and human error. For this reason, other more precise methods are used, such as single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, there are limited data that demonstrate the methodological shortcomings or congruences in fat and fat-free mass estimates including gender differences and differences in athlete populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare total body fat (%BF) estimated by six skinfold thickness measurement (SKF) and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods, using three different sets of equations, to that assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method using a DEXA Hologic Serie Discovery QDR. For this aim, 76 males and 70 females belonging to the professional Spanish football federation were evaluated. We found significant differences between the three measures. BIA significantly underestimates the fat percentage, followed by skinfolds. With DEXA being the more objective or accurate method, an equation is established by means of linear regression analysis that allows the percentage of adipose tissue to be obtained either through anthropometry or electrical bioimpedance and adjusted to that which would be obtained by the DEXA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Bella Esperanza Villegas-Mora
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), 45007 Toledo, Spain
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Formolo NPS, Filipini RE, Macedo EFO, Corrêa CR, Nunes EA, Lima LRA, Speretta GF. Heart rate reactivity to acute mental stress is associated with adiposity, carotid distensibility, sleep efficiency, and autonomic modulation in young men. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113908. [PMID: 35817124 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute mental stress (AMS) increases heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. Since obesity can impair the cardiovascular reactivity to AMS, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this response is needed. We aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular reactivity to AMS in young men with normal or excess body fat. We also assessed the association between cardiovascular reactivity to AMS and cardiovascular risk factors, including autonomic modulation, carotid artery distensibility, physical activity levels, and sleep efficiency. Sixty-six young men (26.1 ± 4.1 years old) underwent anthropometric and body fat assessment (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and had right-carotid artery ultrasonography. Accelerometers assessed physical activity levels and sleep efficiency. AMS was induced through the Stroop color-word test while blood pressure, HR, and cardiac interval were measured. Analyses were performed in Normal and Excess fat groups divided by fat mass index (FMI). Continuous data was used for multiple linear regression analyses. An interaction between FMI and time for HR reactivity was observed. Cardiac interval variability analysis showed that only participants with normal fat displayed parasympathetic withdrawal during AMS (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis supported the role of adiposity and autonomic modulation in the HR reactivity to AMS and showed involvement of carotid distensibility and sleep efficiency (P < 0.05). Carotid distensibility was the only predictor for blood pressure reactivity (P < 0.05). Physical activity was not associated with AMS's cardiovascular reactivity. We conclude that increased adiposity is associated with reduced HR reactivity to AMS, which is possibly linked to an impaired parasympathetic withdrawal. Carotid distension and sleep efficiency seem to contribute to this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália P S Formolo
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Richard E Filipini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F O Macedo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cinthia R Corrêa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rodrigo A Lima
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F Speretta
- Post-Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Licenziati MR, Ballarin G, Iannuzzo G, Lonardo MS, Di Vincenzo O, Iannuzzi A, Valerio G. A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:106. [PMID: 35729585 PMCID: PMC9210685 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of body composition is central in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric obesity, but a criterion method is not feasible in clinical practice. Even the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is limited in children. Body mass index (BMI) Z-score is frequently used as a proxy index of body composition, but it does not discriminate between fat mass and fat-free mass. We aimed to assess the extent to which fat mass and percentage of body fat estimated by a height-weight equation agreed with a BIA equation in youths with obesity from South Italy. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between BMI Z-score and fat mass or percentage of body mass estimated by these two models. Methods One-hundred-seventy-four youths with obesity (52.3% males, mean age 10.8 ± 1.9) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fat mass and percentage of body fat were calculated according to a height-weight based prediction model and to a BIA prediction model. Results According to Bland–Altman statistics, mean differences were relatively small for both fat mass (+ 0.65 kg) and percentage of body fat (+ 1.27%) with an overestimation at lower mean values; the majority of values fell within the limits of agreement. BMI Z-score was significantly associated with both fat mass and percentage of body fat, regardless of the method, but the strength of correlation was higher when the height-weight equation was considered (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusions This formula may serve as surrogate for body fat estimation when instrumental tools are not available. Dealing with changes of body fat instead of BMI Z-score may help children and parents to focus on diet for health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01285-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giada Ballarin
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.
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van den Helder J, Verreijen AM, van Dronkelaar C, Memelink RG, Engberink MF, Engelbert RHH, Weijs PJM, Tieland M. Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis: A Valid Assessment Tool for Diagnosis of Low Appendicular Lean Mass in Older Adults? Front Nutr 2022; 9:874980. [PMID: 35719168 PMCID: PMC9201397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.874980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of sarcopenia is essential for early treatment of sarcopenia in older adults, for which assessment of appendicular lean mass (ALM) is needed. Multi-frequency bio-electrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) may be a valid assessment tool to assess ALM in older adults, but the evidences are limited. Therefore, we validated the BIA to diagnose low ALM in older adults. Methods ALM was assessed by a standing-posture 8 electrode MF-BIA (Tanita MC-780) in 202 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 55 years), and compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic Inc., Marlborough, MA, United States; DXA). The validity for assessing the absolute values of ALM was evaluated by: (1) bias (mean difference), (2) percentage of accurate predictions (within 5% of DXA values), (3) the mean absolute error (MAE), and (4) limits of agreement (Bland–Altman analysis). The lowest quintile of ALM by DXA was used as proxy for low ALM (< 22.8 kg for men, < 16.1 kg for women). Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing low ALM by BIA were assessed. Results The mean age of the subjects was 72.1 ± 6.4 years, with a BMI of 25.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2, and 71% were women. BIA slightly underestimated ALM compared to DXA with a mean bias of −0.6 ± 1.2 kg. The percentage of accurate predictions was 54% with a MAE of 1.1 kg, and limits of agreement were −3.0 to + 1.8 kg. The sensitivity for ALM was 80%, indicating that 80% of subjects who were diagnosed as low ALM according to DXA were also diagnosed low ALM by BIA. The specificity was 90%, indicating that 90% of subjects who were diagnosed as normal ALM by DXA were also diagnosed as normal ALM by the BIA. Conclusion This comparison showed a poor validity of MF-BIA to assess the absolute values of ALM, but a reasonable sensitivity and specificity to recognize the community-dwelling older adults with the lowest muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantine van den Helder
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jantine van den Helder,
| | - Amely M. Verreijen
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carliene van Dronkelaar
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert G. Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle F. Engberink
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raoul H. H. Engelbert
- Faculty of Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J. M. Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Triarico S, Rinninella E, Mele MC, Cintoni M, Attinà G, Ruggiero A. Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in children with cancer: a focus on the psoas muscle area (PMA) imaging in the clinical practice. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:783-788. [PMID: 34621000 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial part in the metabolic and inflammatory response. "Sarcopenia", defined as a pathological condition of reduced strength, quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass, may often develop in the young age as the secondary consequence of a systemic inflammatory illness, like cancer. In children with cancer, sarcopenia is a common finding, playing a negative role in their prognosis. However, its prevalence in clinical practice is underestimated. Moreover, several pre- and post-natal factors may influence skeletal muscle development in childhood, making the issue more complex. Given the frequent use of radiological imaging in clinical practice, prompt analysis of body composition is feasible and able to detect the presence of reduced fat-free mass (FFM) among pediatric patients with cancer. We discuss the recent advances in the study of body composition in children with cancer, dissecting the role of the psoas muscle area (PMA) measure, obtained from computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance images (MRI) as a marker of sarcopenia in this setting. Since age and sex-specific percentile curves for PMA and a PMA z-scores calculator are available online, such a tool may be useful to simply detect and treat sarcopenia and its consequences in childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Triarico
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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Orsso CE, Gonzalez MC, Maisch MJ, Haqq AM, Prado CM. Using bioelectrical impedance analysis in children and adolescents: Pressing issues. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:659-665. [PMID: 34620999 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Single- and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained popularity as a tool to assess body composition and health status of children and adolescents, but many questions and misconceptions remain. This review addresses pressing issues researchers and health care providers may encounter when using BIA in the young population. The importance of choosing population-specific and device-specific equations to estimate body composition as well as the use of BIA in longitudinal analyses are discussed. When specific equations are not available, raw bioimpedance values (i.e., resistance, reactance, and impedance) can be used to compute bioimpedance parameters, such as phase angle, impedance ratio, and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. As interpreting these parameters is challenging, suggestions are provided on the use of reference data, cut-off points, and adjustment factors. Furthermore, unsolved technical and analytical issues are listed. Based on existing issues and potential for future development, a greater interaction between industry and academic researchers to improve the validity of BIA measurements among children and adolescents across their developmental stages is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, R. Gonçalves Chaves 377, Pelotas, RS, 96010280, Brazil
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | | | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 1C4 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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11
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Golob Jančič S, Močnik M, Švigelj M, Marčun Varda N. Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Paediatric Population. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:603. [PMID: 35626780 PMCID: PMC9139520 DOI: 10.3390/children9050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate associations between body composition parameters and several clinical parameters. A total of 206 children and adolescents (120 male, 86 female) were prospectively included. Body impedance measurement was performed in all participants. During the hospital work-up, several clinical parameters such as anthropometric measurements and laboratory and ultrasound findings were obtained and correlated to body composition parameters. There was a significant association between body composition parameters and anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels, serum creatinine, urate, liver function tests, triglycerides, cholesterols and apolipoproteins, homocysteine, vitamin D and proteins in 24-h urine. Body composition differed by gender, between participants with and without hepatic steatosis and between patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy. Interestingly, body composition did not correlate with diastolic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and intima media thickness. This study showed that several clinical parameters are associated with body composition in children. Obesity and body composition play an important role in the development of other cardiovascular risk factors and are not dependent on fat mass alone, and the latter might be used for cardiovascular risk determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Golob Jančič
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.G.J.); (N.M.V.)
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.G.J.); (N.M.V.)
| | - Marjetka Švigelj
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.G.J.); (N.M.V.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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12
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Lazzer S, D’Alleva M, Vaccari F, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Sartorio A. Effects of a 3-Week Inpatient Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition and Physical Capabilities in Adolescents and Adults With Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840018. [PMID: 35433781 PMCID: PMC9008348 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term changes in body composition and physical capabilities in subjects with obesity during a multidisciplinary inpatient body weight reduction program (BWRP). Methods One hundred thirty-nine adolescents (56 boys and 83 girls; BMI: 37.1 ± 6.5 kg/m2; Fat Mass, FM: 45.3 ± 7.2%) and 71 adults (27 males and 44 females; BMI: 44 ± 4.7 kg/m2; FM: 51.4 ± 4.7%) followed a 3-week inpatient BWRP consisting of regular physical activity, moderate energy restriction, nutritional education and psychological counseling. Before (T0) and after the end of the BWRP (T21), body composition was assessed with an impedancemeter, lower limb muscle power with Margaria Stair Climbing Test (SCT), lower limb functionality with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the capacity of performing activity of daily living (ADL) with Physical Performance Test (PPT). Results At T21, obese adolescents showed a 4% reduction in body mass (BM) (p < 0.001), associated with a FM reduction in boys (−10%) and girls (−6%) (p < 0.001) and with a 3% reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) recorded only in boys (p = 0.013). Obese adults showed a 5% BM reduction (p < 0.001), associated with a 2% FFM and 9% FM reduction (p < 0.001) in males, and 7% FM reduction in females (p < 0.001). Regarding physical capabilities, at T21 in obese adolescents, PPT score increased by 4% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by −5% (boys) and −7% (girls) (p < 0.001), while SPPB score did not change significantly. In obese adults at T21, PPT score increased by 9% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by −16% (p < 0.001) only in females, and SPPB score increased by 7% (males) and 10% (females) (p < 0.01). Conclusion In conclusion, moderate energy restriction and regular physical activity determine a 4-5% BM reduction during a 3-week inpatient BWRP, improve physical capabilities and induce beneficial changes in body composition in adolescents and adults with obesity. Trial registration This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano (Milan, Italy; research code: 01C124; acronym: PRORIPONATFIS). Registered 11 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Alleva
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mattia D’Alleva,
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Piancavallo, Italy
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Xu Q, Wang L, Ming J, Cao H, Liu T, Yu X, Bai Y, Liang S, Hu R, Wang L, Chen C, Zhou J, Ji Q. Using noninvasive anthropometric indices to develop and validate a predictive model for metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a nationwide study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35241044 PMCID: PMC8895645 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a pathological condition that includes many abnormal metabolic components and requires a simple detection method for rapid use in a large population. The aim of the study was to develop a diagnostic model for Mets in a Chinese population with noninvasive anthropometric and demographic predictors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen predictors. A large sample from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey (CNDMDS) was used to develop the model with logistic regression, and internal, internal-external and external validation were conducted to evaluate the model performance. A score calculator was developed to display the final model. RESULTS We evaluated the discrimination and calibration of the model by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curve analysis. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) and the Brier score of the original model were 0.88 and 0.122, respectively. The mean AUCs and the mean Brier score of 10-fold cross validation were 0.879 and 0.122, respectively. The mean AUCs and the mean Brier score of internal-external validation were 0.878 and 0.121, respectively. The AUCs and Brier score of external validation were 0.862 and 0.133, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model developed in this study has good discrimination and calibration performance. Its stability was proved by internal validation, external validation and internal-external validation. Then, this model has been displayed by a calculator which can exhibit the specific predictive probability for easy use in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruofan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Alves Junior CAS, Martins PC, de Andrade Gonçalves EC, de Lima LRA, Martins CR, Silva DAS. Association Between Body Fat Distribution Assessed by Different Techniques and Body Image Perception in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:e74-e79. [PMID: 33846040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE verify whether there is difference in body fat values assessed by different methods according to the body image perception of HIV-infected children and adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 65 HIV-infected children and adolescents (aged 8-15 years). Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, arm fat mass and leg fat mass were obtained through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometric variables were measured according to international standardization. Body image was assessed using a scale of body silhouettes. Bone age covariates were assessed using carpal wrist X-rays and physical activity by accelerometers. Information regarding viral load and use of combined antiretroviral therapy was obtained from medical records. In males, no significant difference in body fat values and body image categories was observed. RESULTS In the model with covariates, girls who desired to reduce body weight had higher BMI (18.96 kg / m2 ± 2.47, R2 adj: 0.613), total fat mass (14.25 kg ± 1.37, R2 adj: 0.589), trunk fat mass (6.50 kg ± 0.66, R2 adj: 0.611) and leg fat mass values (6.01Kg ± 0.57, R2 adj: 0.503) in comparison to girls who were satisfied and to those who desired to increase body weight. CONCLUSIONS HIV + girls who desired to reduce body weight had greater amount of BMI, total fat mass, trunk fat mass and leg fat mass compared to those who were satisfied and those who desired to increase body weight. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These data can be used to assist in the process of coping and accepting body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Junior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Custódio Martins
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
- Federal University of Alagoas, Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Research Group on Biodynamics of Human Performance and Health, (GPBioS), Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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15
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Martins PC, de Lima LRA, de Lima TR, Petroski EL, Silva DAS. Association between handgrip strength and bone mass parameters in HIV-infected children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:405-411. [PMID: 34190869 PMCID: PMC9615588 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0539.r1.090321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether HGS levels are associated with BMC and BMD in HIV-infected children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianãpolis, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS The subjects were 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) diagnosed with vertically-transmitted HIV. Subtotal and lumbar-spine BMC and BMD were obtained via dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured using manual dynamometers. The covariates of sex, ART, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Sexual maturation was self-reported and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Simple and multiple linear regression were used, with P < 0.05. RESULTS HGS was directly associated with subtotal BMD (β = 0.002; R² = 0.670; P < 0.001), subtotal BMC (β = 0.090; R² = 0.734; P = 0.005) and lumbar-spine BMC (β = 1.004; R² = 0.656; P = 0.010) in the adjusted analyses. However, no significant association was found between HGS and lumbar-spine BMD (β = 0.001; R² = 0.464; P = 0.299). CONCLUSION HGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Custódio Martins
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
| | - Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte (IEFE), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió (AL), Brazil.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
| | - Edio Luiz Petroski
- MSc, PhD. Full Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil.
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Alves Junior CAS, Moraes MS, Souza CSD, Costa G, Silva DAS. BODY COMPOSITION AMONG UNIVERSITY FEMALE ATHLETES OF TEAM SPORTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022020_0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of body composition in female athletes of different sports is important for health monitoring. Objective: To compare body composition in university athletes of different team sports (indoor soccer, flag football and volleyball). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 45 female athletes, aged 18 to 35 years (22.8 ± 3.55). The dependent variables were body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measured by air displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content, adjusted for height (BMC/height) and bone mineral density (BMD), were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent variable was sport [flag football (n = 12); indoor soccer (n = 20); volleyball (n = 13)] and the covariates were age (complete years), training volume (minutes per week) and length of time playing the sport (complete years). Analysis of covariance was used. Results: Adjusting the model for covariates, volleyball athletes (19.27 kg ± 2.20) presented higher FM values compared to the flag football (16.00 kg ± 1.70) and indoor soccer players (12.20 kg ± 1.30). There was no significant difference in FFM, BMC/height and total BMD between sports, even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Volleyball athletes presented higher FM compared to flag football and indoor soccer athletes. There were no differences in FFM, BMC/height and BMD among the players of the different team sports. This study can help coaches and other sports professionals to prevent injuries to athletes in sports such as higher FM (volleyball), or to prevent diseases such as menstrual irregularities, which are common in athletes who may have low levels of body fat (indoor soccer players), this being one of the risk factors for the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and low BMD). Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study .
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Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment in children with obesity aged 8-14y. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4132-4139. [PMID: 33610417 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The aim was to generate a predictive equation to assess body composition (BC) in children with obesity using bioimpedance (BIA), and avoid bias produced by different density levels of fat free mass (FFM) in this population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional validation study using baseline data from a randomized intervention trial to treat childhood obesity. Participants were 8 to 14y (n = 315), underwent assessments on anthropometry and BC through Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP), Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and BIA. They were divided into a training (n = 249) and a testing subset (n = 66). In addition, the testing subset underwent a total body water assessment using deuterium dilution, and thus obtained results for the 4-compartment model (4C). A new equation to estimate FFM was created from the BIA outputs by comparison to a validated model of ADP adjusted by FFM density in the training subset. The equation was validated against 4C in the testing subset. As reference, the outputs from the BIA device were also compared to 4C. RESULTS The predictive equation reduced the bias from the BIA outputs from 14.1% (95%CI: 12.7, 15.4) to 4.6% (95%CI: 3.8, 5.4) for FFM and from 18.4% (95%CI: 16.9, 19.9) to 6.4% (95% CI: 5.3, 7.4) for FM. Bland-Altman plots revealed that the new equation significantly improved the agreement with 4C; furthermore, the observed trend to increase the degree of bias with increasing FM and FFM also disappeared. CONCLUSION The new predictive equation increases the precision of BC assessment using BIA in children with obesity.
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18
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Fuentes-Servín J, Avila-Nava A, González-Salazar LE, Pérez-González OA, Servín-Rodas MDC, Serralde-Zuñiga AE, Medina-Vera I, Guevara-Cruz M. Resting Energy Expenditure Prediction Equations in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:795364. [PMID: 34938700 PMCID: PMC8685418 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.795364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The determination of energy requirements is necessary to promote adequate growth and nutritional status in pediatric populations. Currently, several predictive equations have been designed and modified to estimate energy expenditure at rest. Our objectives were (1) to identify the equations designed for energy expenditure prediction and (2) to identify the anthropometric and demographic variables used in the design of the equations for pediatric patients who are healthy and have illness. Methods: A systematic search in the Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and LILACS databases for observational studies published up to January 2021 that reported the design of predictive equations to estimate basal or resting energy expenditure in pediatric populations was carried out. Studies were excluded if the study population included athletes, adult patients, or any patients taking medications that altered energy expenditure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Of the 769 studies identified in the search, 39 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Predictive equations were established for three pediatric populations: those who were healthy (n = 8), those who had overweight or obesity (n = 17), and those with a specific clinical situation (n = 14). In the healthy pediatric population, the FAO/WHO and Schofield equations had the highest R 2 values, while in the population with obesity, the Molnár and Dietz equations had the highest R 2 values for both boys and girls. Conclusions: Many different predictive equations for energy expenditure in pediatric patients have been published. This review is a compendium of most of these equations; this information will enable clinicians to critically evaluate their use in clinical practice. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=226270, PROSPERO [CRD42021226270].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Fuentes-Servín
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Luis E González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutrición Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Sección de estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar A Pérez-González
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Aurora E Serralde-Zuñiga
- Servicio de Nutrición Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición y Ciencias Médicas Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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19
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Tamini S, De Micheli R, Tringali G, Bernardo-Filho M, Sartorio A. Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercises at 2 Different Frequencies Versus an Aerobic Exercise on Some Cardiovascular, Neuromotor and Musculoskeletal Parameters in Adult Patients With Obesity. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820965005. [PMID: 33293907 PMCID: PMC7705791 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820965005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE), a nonimpact, viable and safe type of exercise, has been reported to be useful in the physical rehabilitation of obesity. Aim of the study was to compare the acute effects of WBVE with a session of walking and running (AER) on cardiovascular, neuromotor and musculoskeletal parameters in obese subjects. Sixteen adult obese subjects performed 3 tests (WBVE at 30 and 45 Hz, AER) randomly in different days. An increase in heart rate was recorded after AER and 45 Hz WBVE (p < 0.001), while only AER increased systolic (p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and ratings of perceived exertion (p < 0.001). All 3 exercises determined lactate increase [AER p < 0.001, 45 Hz (p = 0.04), 30 Hz (p = 0.03) WBVE] and sit-and-reach (AER p = 0.002, 45 and 30 Hz WBVE p < 0.001) and fingertip-to-floor improvements (AER p = 0.003, 30 and 45 Hz WBVE p < 0.001), while only 30 Hz WBVE determined improvement in stair climbing test (p < 0.05). Considering the lack of effects of 30 Hz WBVE on the cardiovascular system and fatigue and its positive effect on flexibility and muscle power, this procedure can be considered an appropriate exercise protocol for the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tamini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan and Verbania, Italy.,Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
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20
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Hartmann Nunes RF, de Souza Bezerra E, Orssatto LB, Moreno YM, Loturco I, Duffield R, Silva DA, Guglielmo LG. Assessing body composition in rugby players: agreement between different methods and association with physical performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:733-742. [PMID: 32438789 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the comparability between air displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods for body composition assessment and their correlations with physical performance in rugby players. METHODS Nineteen male elite players participated in the study. ADP, DXA, and BIA were used to assess fat-mass and fat-free mass. Physical performance was assessed by means of Carminatti's test of peak velocity (PVTCAR), countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint speed (10 and 30-m), and match performance analyses (sprinting, distance covered, and high-intensity running). RESULTS BIA overestimated fat-mass (13±41%; r2=0.60) and underestimated fat-free mass (-1±7%; r2=0.66) compared to ADP (P=0.001). BIA underestimated fat-mass (-28±3%; r2=0.92) and overestimated fat-free mass (10±5%; r2=0.87) compared to DXA (P<0.001). ADP underestimated fat-mass (-36±37%; r2=0.69) and overestimated fat-free mass (11±8%; r2=0.52) compared to DXA (P<0.001). Fat-mass measured by ADP, DXA, and BIA negatively correlated with PVTCAR (r2≥0.49), height and peak power from CMJ (r2≥0.30), sprinting ability (r2≥0.65), and match performance variables (r2≥0.30). CONCLUSIONS As long as one considers that ADP and BIA underestimated fat-mass and overestimated fat-free mass compared to DXA, the methods can be used to estimate body composition, particularly to track body fat-mass changes, which negatively influence several physical capacities determinant to rugby performance. The limitations of the methods should be borne in mind when assessing the body composition of rugby athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan F Hartmann Nunes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil - .,Department of Physiology, Clube Atlético Tubarão, Tubarão, Brazil -
| | | | - Lucas B Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yara M Moreno
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Núcleo de Alto Rendimento Esportivo (NAR), São Paulo, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego A Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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21
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Orsso CE, Silva MIB, Gonzalez MC, Rubin DA, Heymsfield SB, Prado CM, Haqq AM. Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13041. [PMID: 32374499 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of body composition is required to improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. This systematic review aimed to summarize the reliability and validity of field and laboratory body composition techniques employed in pediatric obesity studies to facilitate technique selection for research and clinical practice implementation. A systematic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus from inception up to December 2019 was conducted, using a combination of the following concepts: body composition, pediatric overweight/obesity, and reliability/validity. The search strategy resulted in 66 eligible articles reporting reliability (19.7%), agreement between body composition techniques cross sectionally (80.3%), and/or diagnostic test accuracy (10.6%) in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity (mean age range = 7.0-16.5 years). Skinfolds, air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and ultrasound presented as reliable techniques. DXA, ADP, and isotope dilution showed similar and the best agreement with reference standards. Compared with these laboratory techniques, the validity of estimating body composition by anthropometric equations, skinfolds, and BIA was inferior. In conclusion, the assessment of body composition by laboratory techniques cannot be replaced by field techniques due to introduction of measurement errors, which potentially conceal actual changes in body components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila E Orsso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Ines B Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniela A Rubin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Lazzer S, Bravo G, Tringali G, De Micheli R, De Col A, Sartorio A. A 3-Week Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program Improves Body Composition and Lower Limb Power Output in 3,778 Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. Front Physiol 2020; 11:548. [PMID: 32547419 PMCID: PMC7270327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 3-week in-hospital body weight reduction program (BWRP), entailing moderate energy restriction, physical activity, psychological counseling and nutritional education, on body composition and lower limb muscle power (LLP) output in obese children and adolescents. Three thousand seven hundred seventy-eight obese [BMI: 36.2 ± 5.9 kg⋅m–2; fat mass (FM): 42.7 ± 4.0%] children and adolescents (2,318 girls and 1,460 boys, aged 8–18 year) participated in this study. Before (T0) and after the end of the BWRP (21st day, T21), body composition was assessed by an impedancemeter and LLP by the Margaria stair climbing test. Body mass (BM) and FM significantly decreased in girls (-4.8 and –7.1%, p < 0.001) and in boys (-5.5 and -9.3%, p < 0.001) after 3-week BWRP, while fat-free mass (FFM) did not change significantly in both genders. LLP expressed in absolute values (W) significantly increased in girls (by mean 6.4% from age 13 to 18 year, P < 0.001) and in boys (by mean 7.2% from age 12 to 18 year, P < 0.001). LLP normalized to BM (W⋅kg–1BM) significantly increased in girls (by mean 11.3%, P < 0.001) and boys (by mean 12.6%, P < 0.001) from age 9 to 18 year. As well, LLP normalized to FFM (W⋅kg–1FFM) significantly increased in girls (by mean 9.1% from age 9 to 18 year, P < 0.001) and in boys (by mean 10.1% from age 10 to 18 year, P < 0.001). In conclusion, 3-week BWRP induces a significant decrease in FM and maintenance in FFM in obese children and adolescents, these effects being also associated with a significant increase of LLP both in absolute terms and when normalized to the BM or FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Verbania, Italy
| | - Giulia Bravo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Verbania, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Division of Auxology & Metabolic Diseases, Verbania, Italy
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23
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Radetti G, Fanolla A, Grugni G, Lupi F, Sartorio A. Indexes of adiposity and body composition in the prediction of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: Which is the best? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1189-1196. [PMID: 31378631 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is no agreement about which index of adiposity and/or body composition is the most accurate in identifying the metabolic syndrome (METS). The aim of our study was to compare the accuracy of the different indexes in order to recognize the most reliable. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 1332 obese children and adolescents (778 females and 554 males), aged 14.4 ± 1.8 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) 2.99 ± 0.55, followed at the Istituto Auxologico Italiano, a tertiary center for childhood obesity. For each subject the following indexes were assessed: BMI, BMI SDS, Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), Fat Mass Index (FMI), Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI), Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR) and a new one, the Body Mass Fat Index (BMFI), which normalizes the BMI for percentage of body fat and the waist circumference. Thereafter we calculated for each index a threshold value for age and sex, in order to compare their accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in identifying the METS. There was a good correlation among indexes (p < 0.0001 for all). However, when the area under the curve (AUC) was compared, some of them, in particular the BMFI and the BMI, performed better than the other ones, although the differences were small. CONCLUSIONS BMI, which neither considers body composition nor fat distribution, performs as good as other indexes, and should therefore be the preferred one, also because of the easiness of its calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Fanolla
- Observatory for Health Provincial Government South Tyrol, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research & Division of Auxology, Verbania, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Lupi
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research & Division of Auxology, Verbania, Italy
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24
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Wong MC, Ng BK, Kennedy SF, Hwaung P, Liu EY, Kelly NN, Pagano IS, Garber AK, Chow DC, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Children and Adolescents' Anthropometrics Body Composition from 3-D Optical Surface Scans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1738-1749. [PMID: 31689009 PMCID: PMC7883773 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the accuracy and precision of three-dimensional optical (3DO) whole-body scanning for automated anthropometry and estimating total and regional body composition. METHODS Healthy children and adolescents (n = 181, ages 5-17 years) were recruited for the Shape Up! Kids study. Each participant underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 3DO scans; multisite conventional tape measurements served as the anthropometric criterion measure. 3DO body shape was described using automated body circumference, length, and volume measures. 3DO estimates were compared with criterion measures using simple linear regression by the stepwise selection method. RESULTS Of the 181 participants, 112 were used for the training set, 49 were used for the test set, and 20 were excluded for technical reasons. 3DO body composition estimates were strongly associated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures for percent body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass (R2 : 0.83, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively). 3DO provided reliable measurements of fat mass (coefficient of variation, 3.30; root mean square error [RMSE], 0.53), fat-free mass (coefficient of variation, 1.34; RMSE, 0.53 kg), and percent body fat (RMSE = 1.2%). CONCLUSIONS 3DO surface scanning provides accurate and precise anthropometric and body composition estimates in children and adolescents with high precision. 3DO is a safe, accessible, and practical method for evaluating body shape and composition in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Wong
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai’i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bennett K. Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Samantha F. Kennedy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Phoenix Hwaung
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - En Y. Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nisa N. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ian S. Pagano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea K. Garber
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - John A. Shepherd
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai’i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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25
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Triffoni-Melo ADT, Monte-Alegre FDA, Leandro-Merhi VA, Diez-Garcia RW. ADDITIONAL ABDOMINAL MEASUREMENTS ARE A USEFUL TOOL TO EVALUATE BODY COMPOSITION IN OBESE WOMEN. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:294-299. [PMID: 31633728 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During weight gain, most of the excess adipose tissue accumulates in the trunk. This alters the body shape and makes collection of anthropometric measurements, especially waist circumference (WC), difficult. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and applicability of additional abdominal measurements in order to assess body composition of obese women. METHODS A total of 30 women between 20 and 50 years of age and BMI above 30 kg/m² were assessed. Three WC measurements, were performed: at the umbilical scar designated as WC1 and at 8 and 16 cm above the umbilical scar, designated as WC2, and WC3 respectively. The correlation (r) between these anthropometric measurements and their sum was assessed against the parameters fat mass (FM), free fat mass (FFM), body fat percentage (%BF), and trunk fat percentage (%TF), obtained by total and trunk segmental bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) as well as by the golden standard total and trunk dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS The measurements WC1, WC2, WC3, and their sum correlated strongly and moderately with the parameters FM, FFM, and %BF in total BIA and in both total DXA and trunk DXA. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a robust correlation between the sum of the three WC measurements and total and trunk DXA in obese women suggesting that such measurements may be a good indicator of body and trunk fat in women, actually superior to BIA results. The use of these three measurements may be an alternative for the assessment of body and trunk fat, in those cases in which the body shape due to adipose tissue trunk accumulation makes accurate classical measurement (WC1) difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vania Aparecida Leandro-Merhi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Faculdade de Nutrição, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosa Wanda Diez-Garcia
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Práticas e Comportamento Alimentares - PrátiCA, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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26
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Steinberg A, Manlhiot C, Li P, Metivier E, Pencharz PB, McCrindle BW, Hamilton JK. Development and Validation of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Equations in Adolescents with Severe Obesity. J Nutr 2019; 149:1288-1293. [PMID: 31132115 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index measures excess weight for size, and does not differentiate between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is most commonly used to assess FM and FFM as it is simple and inexpensive. Variables from BIA measurements are used in predictive equations to estimate FM and FFM. To date, these equations have not been validated for use in adolescents with severe obesity. OBJECTIVES In a cohort of adolescents with severe obesity (SO), a BMI ≥ 120% of the 95th percentile, this study aimed to 1) derive a BIA predictive equation data from air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measurements; 2) reassess the equation in a second validation cohort; and 3) compare the accuracy of existing body composition equations. METHODS Adolescents with SO were assessed using ADP and BIA. FM values derived from ADP measurements from the first cohort (n = 27) were used to develop a BIA predictive equation (i.e., Hamilton). A second cohort (n = 65) was used to cross-validate the new and 9 existing BIA predictive equations. RESULTS Ninety-two adolescents (15.8 ± 1.9 y; BMI: 46.1 ± 9.9 kg/m2) participated. Compared with measured FFM using ADP: 1) the Lazzer, Hamilton, Gray, and Kyle equations were without significant bias; 2) the Hamilton and Gray equations had the smallest absolute and relative differences; 3) the Kyle and Gray equations showed the strongest correlation; 4) the Hamilton equation most accurately predicted FFM within ± 5% of measured FFM; and 5) 8 out of 9 equations had similar root mean squared prediction error values (6.03-6.64 kg). CONCLUSION The Hamilton BIA equation developed in this study best predicted body composition values for groups of adolescents with severe obesity in a validation cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Steinberg
- Divisions of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ping Li
- Divisions of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Metivier
- Divisions of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul B Pencharz
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jill K Hamilton
- Divisions of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Langer RD, Matias CN, Borges JH, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Accuracy of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Estimated Longitudinal Fat-Free Mass Changes in Male Army Cadets. Mil Med 2019; 183:e324-e331. [PMID: 29590470 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical and rapid method for making a longitudinal analysis of changes in body composition. However, most BIA validation studies have been performed in a clinical population and only at one moment, or point in time (cross-sectional study). The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of predictive equations based on BIA with regard to the changes in fat-free mass (FFM) in Brazilian male army cadets after 7 mo of military training. The values used were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Materials and Methods The study included 310 male Brazilian Army cadets (aged 17-24 yr). FFM was measured using eight general predictive BIA equations, with one equation specifically applied to this population sample, and the values were compared with results obtained using DXA. The student's t-test, adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimation (SEE), Lin's approach, and the Bland-Altman test were used to determine the accuracy of the predictive BIA equations used to estimate FFM in this population and between the two moments (pre- and post-moment). Results The FFM measured using the nine predictive BIA equations, and determined using DXA at the post-moment, showed a significant increase when compared with the pre-moment (p < 0.05). All nine predictive BIA equations were able to detect FFM changes in the army cadets between the two moments in a very similar way to the reference method (DXA). However, only the one BIA equation specific to this population showed no significant differences in the FFM estimation between DXA at pre- and post-moment of military routine. All predictive BIA equations showed large limits of agreement using the Bland-Altman approach. Conclusion The eight general predictive BIA equations used in this study were not found to be valid for analyzing the FFM changes in the Brazilian male army cadets, after a period of approximately 7 mo of military training. Although the BIA equation specific to this population is dependent on the amount of FFM, it appears to be a good alternative to DXA for assessing FFM in Brazilian male army cadets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Páscoa
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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28
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Mól N, Zasada M, Kwinta P. Does type of feeding affect body composition in very low birth weight infants? - A prospective cohort study. Pediatr Neonatol 2019; 60:135-140. [PMID: 29784603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyse body composition of preterm infants fed with either breast milk or formula compared to a control group of full-term newborns. METHODS Fifty-three newborns were enrolled: a group of 34 very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm newborns subdivided into a formula-fed (n = 23; group A) and breast milk-fed (n = 11; group B) group, and a control group of 19 full-term infants (group C). Their body composition was assessed by a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) either at the estimated time of birth in the VLBW group or during the 1st week of life in the full-term group. RESULTS There was no difference in body weight or length between any of the three studied groups. However, we discovered that fat free mass (% FFM) was lower (83.5% vs. 85.5%; p < 0.01), while fat mass (% FM) was higher (16.4% vs.14.5%; p < 0.01) in group A compared to full-term newborns. There were no such differences in FFM (84.3% vs. 85.5%; p = 0.13) or FM (15.7% vs. 14.5%; p = 0.13) between group B and control. CONCLUSION To sum up, the VLBW infants fed with breast milk shared similar body composition with the full-term infants, while the formula-fed VLBW developed higher amounts of adipose tissue and lower amounts of fat-free mass. This is the first study to expose differences in fat tissue content attributed to type of provided nutrition, which has become significant as early as estimated time of birth despite the comparable weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mól
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zasada
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemko Kwinta
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
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29
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Quadri M, Ariza AJ, Selvaraj K, Schaller K, Binns HJ. Percent Body Fat Measurement in the Medical Management of Children with Obesity. Pediatr Ann 2018; 47:e487-e493. [PMID: 30543377 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20181116-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining weight loss can be challenging, as physiological responses to weight loss, including metabolic and hormonal adaptations and decreased energy expenditure, promote weight regain. Paired with sustained dietary changes, physical activity can promote weight maintenance after successful weight loss, as physical activity can help maintain fat-free mass. We present several illustrative cases to highlight the potential use of body composition measurement using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale to augment obesity management counseling in a tertiary care pediatric weight-management clinic. BIA does require some interpretation, as it can be affected by hydration status and time of day, as well as patient age, sex, and body mass index. Nonetheless, BIA can be a helpful aid to obesity counseling. More research is needed to better understand how to use change in percent body fat over time as a motivational tool for management of children with obesity. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(12):e487-e493.].
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Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Slaughter Skinfold-Thickness Equations, and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Body Fat Percentage in Colombian Children and Adolescents with Excess of Adiposity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081086. [PMID: 30110944 PMCID: PMC6115719 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been considered a reference method for measuring body fat percentage (BF%) in children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. However, given that the DXA technique is impractical for routine field use, there is a need to investigate other methods that can accurately determine BF%. We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology, including foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot impedance, and Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations in the measurement of BF%, compared with DXA, in a population of Latin American children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. A total of 127 children and adolescents (11–17 years of age; 70% girls) from the HEPAFIT (Exercise Training and Hepatic Metabolism in Overweight/Obese Adolescent) study were included in the present work. BF% was measured on the same day using two BIA analysers (Seca® 206, Allers Hamburg, Germany and Model Tanita® BC-418®, TANITA Corporation, Sportlife Tokyo, Japan), skinfold measurements (Slaughter equation), and DXA (Hologic Horizon DXA System®, Quirugil, Bogotá, Columbia). Agreement between measurements was analysed using t-tests, Bland–Altman plots, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). There was a significant correlation between DXA and the other BF% measurement methods (r > 0.430). According to paired t-tests, in both sexes, BF% assessed by BIA analysers or Slaughter equations differ from BF% assessed by DXA (p < 0.001). The lower and upper limits of the differences compared with DXA were 6.3–22.9, 2.2–2.8, and −3.2–21.3 (95% CI) in boys and 2.3–14.8, 2.4–20.1, and 3.9–18.3 (95% CI) in girls for Seca® mBCA, Tanita® BC 420MA, and Slaughter equations, respectively. Concordance was poor between DXA and the other methods of measuring BF% (ρc < 0.5). BIA analysers and Slaughter equations underestimated BF% measurements compared to DXA, so they are not interchangeable methods for assessing BF% in Latin American children and adolescents with excess of adiposity.
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Radetti G, Grugni G, Lupi F, Marazzi N, Longhi S, Fanolla A, Sartorio A. The relationship between hyperthyrotropinemia and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in a large group of overweight and obese children and adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1311-1319. [PMID: 28585021 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mild TSH elevations are frequently observed in obese patients, in the absence of any detectable thyroid disease. Our objective is to evaluate the relationship between the raised TSH levels and the biochemical and clinical consequences of obesity. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of a large population of obese children and adolescents. We evaluated 833 subjects (340 m, 493 f), aged 14.4 ± 2.5 (range 5.2-18.5) years, height SDS 0.27 ± 1.04 (-3.49-4.35), and BMI SDS 2.94 ± 0.59 (1.60-4.68). Body composition, free T4, TSH, anti-TPO antibodies, anti-TG antibodies, inflammation markers (total WBC and the subtypes, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein), and metabolic parameters [AST, ALT, γGT, ALP, glycaemia, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG)] were measured, and oral disposition index (ODI) and cardiovascular risk factors (TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C) were calculated. After exclusion of the subjects showing anti-thyroid antibodies, the remaining 779 (325 m, 454 f) were then subdivided into two subgroups according to a TSH value below (group A) or above (group B) 4.5 mU/L. RESULTS Clinical characteristics and hematological markers of patients with and without positive anti-thyroid antibodies were similar, with the exception of higher TSH levels in the latter group. Using analysis of covariance, the subjects of group B had significantly higher values of TC (170.3 ± 28.7 vs 163.3 ± 32.9 mg/dL; p < 0.05), systolic (125.8 ± 13.5 vs 124.5 ± 13.1 mm/Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (79.2 ± 8.0 vs 77.9 ± 8.2 mm/Hg) than subjects of group A. No difference was observed in body composition, ODI, and the cardiovascular risk factors between these two groups. CONCLUSION TSH elevation in overweight and obese children and adolescents, being associated with a higher TC and blood pressure, might negatively influence the cardiac status. Longitudinal studies are requested, however, to confirm this hypothesis and, therefore, to conclude whether a substitutive treatment with l-thyroxine is really needed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Radetti
- Marienklinik, via Claudia De Medici 2, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - G Grugni
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research and Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Research Institute, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - F Lupi
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - N Marazzi
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research and Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Research Institute, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - S Longhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - A Fanolla
- Department of Biostatistics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - A Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research and Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Research Institute, Milan, Verbania, Italy
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de Castro JAC, de Lima LRA, Silva DAS. Accuracy of octa-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in children and adolescents with HIV: comparison with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 31:276-285. [PMID: 28799180 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition analysis has been used to investigate fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. Investigating the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is interesting with respect to testing useful techniques for monitoring body composition in children and adolescents in clinical practice. The present study aimed to determine the validity of body composition analysis by BIA compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in children and adolescents an HIV diagnosis. METHODS Sixty-four children and adolescents (35 females and 29 males) with a mean (SD) age of 12.22 (2.13) years and with an HIV diagnosis participated in the study. Fat-free mass (FFM), FM and body fat percentage (%BF) were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA and ADP. Segmented FM (trunk, legs and arms), lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) (total and segmented) and BMC were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA. RESULTS BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA and ADP for FFM. Values found by BIA were underestimated compared to ADP, and overestimated compared to DXA. BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA for LSTM estimates (total and segmented parameters) in both sexes (underestimating FM and overestimating LSTM). For other components (%BF, FM and BMC), BIA had a clinically unacceptable correlation with the reference methods in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS BIA was suitable for evaluating FFM and LSTM in children and adolescents with an HIV diagnosis. For FM, %BF and BMC, BIA was not suitable for performing an evaluation in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C de Castro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L R A de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - D A S Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Chula de Castro JA, Lima TRD, Silva DAS. Body composition estimation in children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis: A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 22:134-146. [PMID: 29332738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has commonly been used to assess the body composition of children and adolescents. BIA validation studies have found distinct correlation values with reference methods. OBJECTIVES To assess the reproducibility, correlation and mean differences in body composition estimated by BIA and reference methods, we systematically reviewed the literature in the pediatric population. METHOD The search for articles was conducted in March 2016 and was limited to articles published from 2005 to 2015 in the PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases. Two reviewers independently performed data selection and extraction of studies that investigated the BIA validity, responsiveness, reliability and/or measurement error (reproducibility) to estimate body composition in children and adolescents with an average age ≤ 18 years. RESULTS The search produced 48 articles. Almost perfect reproducibility was found in the body fat percentage estimated by BIA, and there was almost perfect correlation between the BIA ratings and reference methods for fat mass and fat-free mass. Regarding component estimates, BIA underestimated the fat mass in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The body fat percentage estimated by BIA exhibited almost perfect reproducibility. The fat mass and fat-free mass estimated by BIA correlated almost perfectly with the reference methods in both sexes. BIA underestimated the fat mass in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula de Castro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Lazzer S, Tringali G, Caccavale M, De Micheli R, Abbruzzese L, Sartorio A. Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical capacities and substrate oxidation rate in obese adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:217-226. [PMID: 27639403 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a 3-week weight-management program entailing moderate energy restriction, nutritional education, psychological counseling and three different exercise training (a: low intensity, LI: 40 % V'O2max; b: high intensity, HI: 70 % V'O2max; c: high-intensity interval training, HIIT), on body composition, energy expenditure and fat oxidation rate in obese adolescents. METHODS Thirty obese adolescents (age: 15-17 years, BMI: 37.5 kg m-2) participated in this study. Before starting (week 0, W0) and at the end of the weight-management program (week 3, W3), body composition was assessed by an impedancemeter; basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rate were measured during exercise and post-exercise recovery by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS At W3, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased significantly in all groups, the decreases being significantly greater in the LI than in the HI and HIIT subgroups (BM: -8.4 ± 1.5 vs -6.3 ± 1.9 vs -4.9 ± 1.3 kg and FM: -4.2 ± 1.9 vs -2.8 ± 1.2 vs -2.3 ± 1.4 kg, p < 0.05, respectively). V'O2peak, expressed in relative values, changed significantly only in the HI and HIIT groups by 0.009 ± 0.005 and 0.007 ± 0.004 L kg FFM-1 min-1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HI and HIIT subgroups exhibited a greater absolute rate of fat oxidation between 50 and 70 % V'O2peak at W3. No significant changes were observed at W3 in BMR, energy expenditure during exercise and post-exercise recovery. CONCLUSION A 3-week weight-management program induced a greater decrease in BM and FM in the LI than in the HI and HIIT subgroups, and greater increase in V'O2peak and fat oxidation rate in the HI and HIIT than in the LI subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lazzer
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4-33100, Udine, Italy.
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy.
| | - G Tringali
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - M Caccavale
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - R De Micheli
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - L Abbruzzese
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
| | - A Sartorio
- Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
- Divisione di Auxologia and Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Verbania, Italy
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Ohta M, Midorikawa T, Hikihara Y, Masuo Y, Sakamoto S, Torii S, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T, Kanehisa H. Validity of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimating fat-free mass in children including overweight individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:157-165. [PMID: 28112969 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the validity of segmental bioelectrical impedance (BI) analysis for predicting the fat-free masses (FFMs) of whole-body and body segments in children including overweight individuals. The FFM and impedance (Z) values of arms, trunk, legs, and whole body were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and segmental BI analyses, respectively, in 149 boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years, who were divided into model-development (n = 74), cross-validation (n = 35), and overweight (n = 40) groups. Simple regression analysis was applied to (length)2/Z (BI index) for each of the whole-body and 3 segments to develop the prediction equations of the measured FFM of the related body part. In the model-development group, the BI index of each of the 3 segments and whole body was significantly correlated to the measured FFM (R2 = 0.867-0.932, standard error of estimation = 0.18-1.44 kg (5.9%-8.7%)). There was no significant difference between the measured and predicted FFM values without systematic error. The application of each equation derived in the model-development group to the cross-validation and overweight groups did not produce significant differences between the measured and predicted FFM values and systematic errors, with an exception that the arm FFM in the overweight group was overestimated. Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis is useful for predicting the FFM of each of whole-body and body segments in children including overweight individuals, although the application for estimating arm FFM in overweight individuals requires a certain modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Ohta
- a School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Taishi Midorikawa
- b College of Health and Welfare, J.F. Oberlin University 3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0294, Japan
| | - Yuki Hikihara
- c Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Shibazono, Narashino-shi, Chiba 275-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Masuo
- d National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima 891-2311, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- e Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Suguru Torii
- e Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawakami
- e Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Fukunaga
- d National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima 891-2311, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- d National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima 891-2311, Japan
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A comparison of body composition estimates using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography in South African neonates. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1254-1258. [PMID: 27245207 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Neonatal body composition is an important predictor of future metabolic risk; however, the comparability of objective assessment techniques, particularly in African populations undergoing rapid health transition, is not known. This paper compares body composition estimates by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in South African neonates. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fat mass, fat-free mass and body fat percentage (%fat) estimates by ADP and DXA were compared in 88 urban, black South African neonates. The level of agreement between the techniques was assessed using Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between ADP and DXA measurements of fat mass (r=0.766), fat-free mass (r=0.942) and %fat (r=0.630); however, ADP estimates of fat mass (408±172 g vs 337±165 g; P<0.001) and %fat (12.9±4.4% vs 9.9±4%; P<0.001) were significantly higher and fat-free mass (2681±348 g vs 2969±375 g; P<0.001) significantly lower than those by DXA. Fat-free mass estimates showed greater consistency in the level of agreement between the techniques compared with fat and %fat estimates where the differences between methods were less predictable. CONCLUSION Although ADP and DXA body composition estimates are highly correlated in neonates, significant differences are observed between the techniques. This is particularly relevant for fat mass and %fat estimates, where differences are highly variable between methods. Further investigation is needed to minimise inter-method differences to ensure accurate and comparable assessment of body composition at birth and across longitudinal study follow-up.
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Polfuss M, Simpson P, Stolzman S, Moerchen V, Hovis S, Zhang L, Miranda H, Sawin K. The measurement of body composition in children with spina bifida: Feasibility and preliminary findings. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2016; 9:143-53. [PMID: 27285807 DOI: 10.3233/prm-160377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of obtaining and comparing various methods of height and body composition (BC) measurements in children with spina bifida (SB). METHODS Fifteen children (7M/8F) with SB (4-18 years old) underwent weight, four height measurements (arm span, wall-mounted stadiometer, segmental and recumbent length) and five BC measurements: (BMI; BodPod®; DEXA; Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis; and skinfold). Data collectors, parents, and study participants evaluated procedures. The four heights as paired with the BC measurements were compared to the gold standard DEXA measurements. RESULTS Procedures were successfully completed in 14 of 15 children. Skinfolds and segmental length had a midlevel ranking of comfort. While no measures substituted for the DEXA scan, preliminary findings suggest that an algorithm may estimate BC in this high-risk population. Currently, arm span used within BodPod® measurements provided the closest agreement with the DEXA scan. CONCLUSION Study protocol was feasible and provided necessary information, including recommended modifications, for successful implementation of the planned subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Polfuss
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA.,Self-Management Science Center, College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pippa Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stacy Stolzman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Victoria Moerchen
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan Hovis
- Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Heidi Miranda
- Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Kathleen Sawin
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA.,Self-Management Science Center, College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Langer RD, Borges JH, Pascoa MA, Cirolini VX, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimation Fat-Free Mass in the Army Cadets. Nutrients 2016; 8:121. [PMID: 26978397 PMCID: PMC4808851 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a fast, practical, non-invasive, and frequently used method for fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. The aims of this study were to validate predictive equations of BIA to FFM estimation in Army cadets and to develop and validate a specific BIA equation for this population. Methods: A total of 396 males, Brazilian Army cadets, aged 17–24 years were included. The study used eight published predictive BIA equations, a specific equation in FFM estimation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Student’s t-test (for paired sample), linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman method were used to test the validity of the BIA equations. Results: Predictive BIA equations showed significant differences in FFM compared to DXA (p < 0.05) and large limits of agreement by Bland–Altman. Predictive BIA equations explained 68% to 88% of FFM variance. Specific BIA equations showed no significant differences in FFM, compared to DXA values. Conclusion: Published BIA predictive equations showed poor accuracy in this sample. The specific BIA equations, developed in this study, demonstrated validity for this sample, although should be used with caution in samples with a large range of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Mauro A Pascoa
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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Hofsteenge GH, Chinapaw MJM, Weijs PJM. Fat-free mass prediction equations for bioelectric impedance analysis compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in obese adolescents: a validation study. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:158. [PMID: 26471899 PMCID: PMC4608267 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, patient friendly methods to assess body composition in obese adolescents are needed. Therefore, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) related fat-free mass (FFM) prediction equations (FFM-BIA) were evaluated in obese adolescents (age 11–18 years) compared to FFM measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (FFM-DXA) and a new population specific FFM-BIA equation is developed. Methods After an overnight fast, the subjects attended the outpatient clinic. After measuring height and weight, a full body scan by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a BIA measurement was performed. Thirteen predictive FFM-BIA equations based on weight, height, age, resistance, reactance and/or impedance were systematically selected and compared to FFM-DXA. Accuracy of FFM-BIA equations was evaluated by the percentage adolescents predicted within 5 % of FFM-DXA measured, the mean percentage difference between predicted and measured values (bias) and the Root Mean Squared prediction Error (RMSE). Multiple linear regression was conducted to develop a new BIA equation. Results Validation was based on 103 adolescents (60 % girls), age 14.5 (sd1.7) years, weight 94.1 (sd15.6) kg and FFM-DXA of 56.1 (sd9.8) kg. The percentage accurate estimations varied between equations from 0 to 68 %; bias ranged from −29.3 to +36.3 % and RMSE ranged from 2.8 to 12.4 kg. An alternative prediction equation was developed: FFM = 0.527 * H(cm)2/Imp + 0.306 * weight - 1.862 (R2 = 0.92, SEE = 2.85 kg). Percentage accurate prediction was 76 %. Conclusions Compared to DXA, the Gray equation underestimated the FFM with 0.4 kg (55.7 ± 8.3), had an RMSE of 3.2 kg, 63 % accurate prediction and the smallest bias of (−0.1 %). When split by sex, the Gray equation had the narrowest range in accurate predictions, bias, and RMSE. For the assessment of FFM with BIA, the Gray-FFM equation appears to be the most accurate, but 63 % is still not at an acceptable accuracy level for obese adolescents. The new equation appears to be appropriate but await further validation. DXA measurement remains the method of choice for FFM in obese adolescents. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register (ISRCTN27626398).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geesje H Hofsteenge
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, , HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, , HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lopes WA, Leite N, Silva LRD, Consentino CLM, Coutinho P, Radominski RB, Cavaglieri CR. Comparação de três equações para predição da gordura corporal por bioimpedância em jovens obesas. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220152104146763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A impedância bioelétrica (BIA) tem sido bastante utilizada para o monitoramento da composição corporal em indivíduos de diferentes idades e estados nutricionais. Entretanto, não se sabe qual das equações propostas para crianças e adolescentes é a mais recomendada para utilização em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Objetivo: Verificar a concordância dos métodos de BIA usando três equações diferentes com a absorciometria de raio-X de dupla energia (DXA), para análise da composição corporal de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 27 adolescentes do sexo feminino, com sobrepeso e obesidade. Foram avaliados o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), a massa gorda (MG) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) por DXA e por BIA utilizando as equações propostas por Houtkooper, Schaefer e Deurenberg. ANOVA oneway, gráficos de Bland-Altman e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para comparação e verificação da concordância entre os métodos.RESULTADOS: A BIA utilizando a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a única que não apresentou diferença estatística significativa na estimativa de %GC, MG e MLG em comparação ao DXA e apresentou boa concordância com o DXA na estimativa de %GC (-1,9 ± 3,29%), MG (1,5 ± 2,59 kg) e MLG (1,4 ± 2,60 kg), bem como boa reprodutibilidade para %GC (CCI = 0,81), MG (0,96) e MLG (0,89). As equações de Schaefer e de Deurenberg apresentaram menor concordância com o DXA, superestimando a MG e subestimando a MLG e apresentaram reprodutibilidade de moderada a baixa na maioria das medidas da composição corporal.CONCLUSÃO: Quando comparamos as três equações propostas para BIA com o DXA, verificamos que a equação proposta por Houtkooper foi a que melhor concordou com DXA e apresentou boa reprodutibilidade para estimar %GC, MG e MLG em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade.
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Browning MG, Evans RK. The contribution of fat-free mass to resting energy expenditure: implications for weight loss strategies in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2015; 27:241-246. [PMID: 25470604 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2014-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the strong relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), the preservation of FFM is often emphasized in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Typical treatment regimens including an increased dietary consumption of protein and participation in resistance training are common components of adolescent weight management programs, despite limited evidence of a positive influence of FFM on weight loss outcomes in adolescents. Given the larger volume of FFM in obese relative to normal weight adolescents and the common treatment goals of both maximizing weight loss and attenuating the loss of FFM, a better understanding of the influence of FFM on energy balance is needed to determine whether strategies to preserve lean tissue or maximize absolute weight loss should be most emphasized. We review the associations among FFM, REE, and weight loss outcomes, focusing on how these relationships might influence energy balance in obese adolescents.
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Bryant M, Ashton L, Brown J, Jebb S, Wright J, Roberts K, Nixon J. Systematic review to identify and appraise outcome measures used to evaluate childhood obesity treatment interventions (CoOR): evidence of purpose, application, validity, reliability and sensitivity. Health Technol Assess 2015; 18:1-380. [PMID: 25125212 DOI: 10.3310/hta18510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of uniformity in outcome measures used in evaluations of childhood obesity treatment interventions can impede the ability to assess effectiveness and limits comparisons across trials. OBJECTIVE To identify and appraise outcome measures to produce a framework of recommended measures for use in evaluations of childhood obesity treatment interventions. DATA SOURCES Eleven electronic databases were searched between August and December 2011, including MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations; EMBASE; PsycINFO; Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC); Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED); Global Health, Maternity and Infant Care (all Ovid); Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (EBSCOhost); Science Citation Index (SCI) [Web of Science (WoS)]; and The Cochrane Library (Wiley) - from the date of inception, with no language restrictions. This was supported by review of relevant grey literature and trial databases. REVIEW METHODS Two searches were conducted to identify (1) outcome measures and corresponding citations used in published childhood obesity treatment evaluations and (2) manuscripts describing the development and/or evaluation of the outcome measures used in the childhood intervention obesity evaluations. Search 1 search strategy (review of trials) was modelled on elements of a review by Luttikhuis et al. (Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP, et al. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;1:CD001872). Search 2 strategy (methodology papers) was built on Terwee et al.'s search filter (Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res 2009;18:1115-23). Eligible papers were appraised for quality initially by the internal project team. This was followed by an external appraisal by expert collaborators in order to agree which outcome measures should be recommended for the Childhood obesity Outcomes Review (CoOR) outcome measures framework. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-nine manuscripts describing 180 outcome measures met eligibility criteria. Appraisal of these resulted in the recommendation of 36 measures for the CoOR outcome measures framework. Recommended primary outcome measures were body mass index (BMI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Experts did not advocate any self-reported measures where objective measurement was possible (e.g. physical activity). Physiological outcomes hold potential to be primary outcomes, as they are indicators of cardiovascular health, but without evidence of what constitutes a minimally importance difference they have remained as secondary outcomes (although the corresponding lack of evidence for BMI and DXA is acknowledged). No preference-based quality-of-life measures were identified that would enable economic evaluation via calculation of quality-adjusted life-years. Few measures reported evaluating responsiveness. LIMITATIONS Proposed recommended measures are fit for use as outcome measures within studies that evaluate childhood obesity treatment evaluations specifically. These may or may not be suitable for other study designs, and some excluded measures may be more suitable in other study designs. CONCLUSIONS The CoOR outcome measures framework provides clear guidance of recommended primary and secondary outcome measures. This will enhance comparability between treatment evaluations and ensure that appropriate measures are being used. Where possible, future work should focus on modification and evaluation of existing measures rather than development of tools de nova. In addition, it is recommended that a similar outcome measures framework is produced to support evaluation of adult obesity programmes. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bryant
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee Ashton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan Jebb
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judy Wright
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jane Nixon
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance accurately tracks direction of adiposity change in overweight and obese 7- to 13-year-old children. Nutr Res 2015; 35:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Alves FD, Souza GC, Biolo A, Clausell N. Comparison of two bioelectrical impedance devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate body composition in heart failure. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 27:632-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. D. Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
| | - G. C. Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. Biolo
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - N. Clausell
- Post-Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto, Alegre Brazil
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Prediction of basal metabolic rate in obese children and adolescents considering pubertal stages and anthropometric characteristics or body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:695-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grossman M, Tekin E, Wada R. Food prices and body fatness among youths. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2014; 12:4-19. [PMID: 24246131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of food prices on clinical measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) measures derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among youths ages 12 through 18 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This is the first study to consider clinically measured levels of body composition rather than BMI to investigate the effects of food prices on obesity outcomes among youths classified by gender and race/ethnicity. Our findings suggest that increases in the real price per calorie of food for home consumption and the real price of fast-food restaurant food lead to improvements in obesity outcomes among youths. We also find that a rise in the real price of fruits and vegetables leads to increased obesity. Finally, our results indicate that measures of PBF derived from BIA and DXA are no less sensitive and in some cases more sensitive to the prices just mentioned than BMI, and serve an important role in demonstrating that rising food prices (except fruit and vegetable prices) are indeed associated with reductions in obesity rather than with reductions in body size proportions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grossman
- City University of New York Graduate Center, NBER, and IZA, 365 Fifth Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10016-4309, United States.
| | - Erdal Tekin
- Department of Economics, IZA, and NBER, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3992, Atlanta, GA 30302-3992, United States.
| | - Roy Wada
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
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Bedogni G, Grugni G, Nobili V, Agosti F, Saezza A, Sartorio A. Is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease less frequent among women with Prader-Willi syndrome? Obes Facts 2014; 7:71-6. [PMID: 24577228 PMCID: PMC5644827 DOI: 10.1159/000358570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have been hypothesized to be at lower risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of higher insulin sensitivity. However, PWS patients have a peculiar body composition, i.e. higher fat mass and lower fat-free mass, which may confound such associations. We evaluated whether NAFLD is less frequent in PWS than in non-PWS women matched on percent body fat (PBF). METHODS PBF was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Liver fat was assessed by ultrasonography. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were evaluated by oral glucose tolerance testing. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) was used to match PWS and non-PWS women on PBF. General and generalized linear models taking CEM into account were used to perform comparisons between PWS and non-PWS women. RESULTS 20 women with PWS were matched to 27 women without PWS on the basis of PBF (mean 53 vs. 54%, p = 0.6). Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were similar in the two groups. However, the prevalence of NAFLD was 25% in PWS versus 59% in non-PWS women (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION NAFLD is less frequent in PWS than in non-PWS women but this finding is not associated with higher insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bedogni
- Liver Research Center, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Dr. Giorgio Bedogni, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Building Q, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza, Trieste, (Italy),
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Liver Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Agosti
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Saezza
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Talma H, Chinapaw MJM, Bakker B, HiraSing RA, Terwee CB, Altenburg TM. Bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and evidence appraisal of validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error. Obes Rev 2013; 14:895-905. [PMID: 23848977 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical method to estimate percentage body fat (%BF). In this systematic review, we aimed to assess validity, responsiveness, reliability and measurement error of BIA methods in estimating %BF in children and adolescents.We searched for relevant studies in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane through November 2012. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for inclusion, extracted data and rated methodological quality of the included studies. We performed a best evidence synthesis to synthesize the results, thereby excluding studies of poor quality. We included 50 published studies. Mean differences between BIA and reference methods (gold standard [criterion validity] and convergent measures of body composition [convergent validity]) were considerable and ranged from negative to positive values, resulting in conflicting evidence for criterion validity. We found strong evidence for a good reliability, i.e. (intra-class) correlations ≥0.82. However, test-retest mean differences ranged from 7.5% to 13.4% of total %BF in the included study samples, indicating considerable measurement error. Our systematic review suggests that BIA is a practical method to estimate %BF in children and adolescents. However, validity and measurement error are not satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Talma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in morbidly obese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1129-32. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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