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Graff HJ, Biltoft-Jensen A, Matthiessen J, Fagt S. The Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity (DANSDA) 1995-2011-2013: Study design, study participants, participation rate and underreporting. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:752-760. [PMID: 37528736 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231190681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study describes the study design, study participants, participation rate and underreporting in the Danish National Surveys of Diet and Physical Activity (DANSDA) from 1995 to 2011-2013. METHODS DANSDA are government-funded surveys of food and nutrient intake, physical activity and lifestyle, undertaken to support nutritional policy, risk assessment and public health research. The surveys are cross-sectional based on primarily simple random samples (ages 1-80 years in 1995, 4-75 years in 2000-2013) drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System. Approximately 4800 individuals in 1995, 8200 in 2000-2002, 8400 in 2003-2008 and 7300 in 2011-2013 were invited to participate. Participants completed a seven-day food diary, a physical activity questionnaire (2000-2008), a step diary (2011-2013) and a face-to-face interview. Self-reported anthropometrics (1995-2013) were supplemented with device-based measures (2011-2013). Pedometers were included in 2011-2013. RESULTS The number of participants included per survey round was 3100-4400. Participant rates decreased from 66% (1995) to 54% (2011-2013). Non-participation was primarily refusal. Ages 18-30 years, 61-75 years (2000-2013), 61-80 years (1995) and low educated and individuals living alone were underrepresented. Underreporting of energy intake among adults ranged from 14% (1995) to 26% (2008). CONCLUSIONS The methods in DANSDA have been developed to include device-based measures on physical activity and anthropometrics. This has improved the applicability of the results of the survey. The participation rate has fallen, which has affected sample representativity, and underreporting has increased. Future DANSDA surveys should explore and consider new initiatives to counteract non-response and underreporting, with the aim of enhancing data representativeness and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Graff
- Research group for nutrition, sustainability and health promotion, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- Research group for nutrition, sustainability and health promotion, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- Research group for nutrition, sustainability and health promotion, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Research group for nutrition, sustainability and health promotion, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Gu D, Luo M, Liu S, Peng H, Jia Y. Relative validity of an intelligent ordering system to estimate dietary intake among university students from a medical school in Shanghai, China. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:70. [PMID: 38965619 PMCID: PMC11225410 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary assessment methods have limitations in capturing real-time eating behaviour accurately. Equipped with automated dietary-data-collection capabilities, the "intelligent ordering system" (IOS) has potential applicability in obtaining long-term consecutive, relatively detailed on-campus dietary records among university students with little resource consumption. We investigated (1) the relative validity of IOS-derived nutrient/food intakes compared to those from the 7-day food diary (7DFD); (2) whether including a supplemental food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) improves IOS accuracy; and (3) sex differences in IOS dietary intake estimation. METHODS Medical students (n = 221; age = 22.2 ± 2.4 years; 38.5% male and 61.5% female) completed the 7DFD and SFFQ. During the consecutive 7-day survey period, students weighed and photographed each meal before and after consumption. Then, students reviewed their 3-month diet and completed the SFFQ, which includes eight underprovided school-canteen food items (e.g., dairy, fruits, nuts). Meanwhile, 9385 IOS dietary data entries were collected. We used Spearman coefficients and linear regression models to estimate the associations among the different dietary intake assessment methods. Individual- and group-level agreement was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, cross-classification, and Bland‒Altman analysis. RESULTS IOS mean daily energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake estimations were significantly lower (-15-20%) than those of the 7DFD. The correlation coefficients varied from 0.52 (for added sugar) to 0.88 (for soybeans and nuts), with fruits (0.37) and dairy products (0.29) showing weaker correlations. Sixty-two (milk and dairy products) to 97% (soybeans and nuts) of participants were classified into the same or adjacent dietary intake distribution quartile using both methods. The energy and macronutrient intake differences between the IOS + SFFQ and 7DFD groups decreased substantially. The separate fruit intake measurements from each assessment method did not significantly differ from each other (p > 0.05). IOS and IOS + SFFQ regression models generally yielded higher R2 values for males than for females. CONCLUSION Despite estimation differences, the IOS can be reliable for medical student dietary habit assessment. The SFFQ is useful for measuring consumption of foods that are typically unavailable in school cafeterias, improving the overall dietary evaluation accuracy. The IOS assessment was more accurate for males than for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dantong Gu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Clinical Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Luo
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hong Peng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Jia
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Christensen T, Stark KD. Lipidomic and Fatty Acid Biomarkers in Whole Blood Can Predict the Dietary Intake of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in a Danish Population. J Nutr 2024; 154:2108-2119. [PMID: 38710305 PMCID: PMC11282468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been associated with health benefits. Blood levels of these fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography (GC), are associated with their dietary intake, but the relationships with lipidomic measurements are not well defined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the lipidomic biomarkers in whole blood that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and examine the relationship between lipidomic and GC-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers. METHODS Lipidomic and fatty acid analyses were completed on 120 whole blood samples collected from Danish participants. Dietary intakes were completed using a web-based 7-d food diary. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the fatty acid and lipidomic variables that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and to determine lipidomic species that predict commonly used fatty acid biomarkers. RESULTS Stepwise regression selected lipidomic variables with an R2 = 0.52 for predicting EPA + DHA intake compared to R2 = 0.40 for the selected fatty acid GC-based variables. More predictive models were generated when the lipidomic variables were selected for females only (R2 = 0.62, n = 68) and males only (R2 = 0.72, n = 52). Phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species containing EPA or DHA tended to be the most predictive lipidomic variables. Stepwise regression also indicated that selected lipidomic variables can predict commonly used fatty acid GC-based n-3 PUFA biomarkers as the R2 values ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. CONCLUSIONS Both fatty acid and lipidomic data can be used to predict EPA + DHA intakes, and fatty acid GC-based biomarkers can be emulated by lipidomic species. Lipidomic-based biomarkers appear to be influenced by sex differences, probably in n-3 PUFA and lipoprotein metabolism. These results improve our ability to understand the relationship between novel lipidomic data and GC fatty acid data and will increase our ability to apply lipidomic methods to fatty acid and lipid nutritional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Platforms and Translational Sciences, BPGbio Inc., Framingham, MA, United States
| | | | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Aaslyng MD, Dam AB, Petersen IL, Christoffersen T. Protein content and amino acid composition in the diet of Danish vegans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:131. [PMID: 37968717 PMCID: PMC10647079 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing proportion of the population are replacing their dietary animal protein with plant protein. A particular example of this trend is the vegan diet, which excludes all food items of animal origin. However, the DIAAS score for individual plant proteins is generally lower than that of animal proteins due to an unbalanced amino acid composition and lower bioavailability. Care must therefore be taken to meet the nutritional recommendations in the daily food intake. METHODS A three-day dietary food record was carried out by 40 Danish vegans in a cross-sectional study. The data were analysed, with particular emphasis on protein requirements and the essential amino acid composition of the diet. RESULTS The protein recommendations were met on all three days by 60% of the participants. In contrast, 18% did not meet the protein recommendations on any of the three days and 7% met the recommendations on only one of the days. Lysine was the most limiting amino acid (only 50% met the recommendations every day) followed by the sulphur-containing amino acids (recommendations met by 67.5%), leucine and valine (recommendations met by 70%). Combining both the amount of protein and the intake of the essential amino acids showed that less than half of the participants met the recommendations on all three days (47.5%) and 35% did not meet the recommendations on any days or on one day only. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed that many of the participants in the present study failed to meet the daily protein intake requirements, both on single days and on all three days. Furthermore, the food intake was found to have an inadequate amino acid composition and was particularly limited by the essential amino acids lysine, the sulphur-containing amino acids, and leucine and valine. This could be ascribed to the fact that only a limited number of protein sources were consumed during a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit D Aaslyng
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark.
| | - Astrid Bøgebjerg Dam
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Tenna Christoffersen
- University College Absalon, Nutrition and Health, Sdr. Stationsvej 30, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
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Biltoft-Jensen A, Ygil KH, Knudsen L, Matthiessen J, Fagt S, Trolle E, Nielsen TH, Hansen DM, Licht CL, Martens M, Hambly C, Speakman JR, Christensen T. Validation of the 2 × 24 h recall method and a 7-d web-based food diary against doubly labelled water in Danish adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1444-1457. [PMID: 36805853 PMCID: PMC10511678 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority has suggested that EU countries implement the 2 × 24 h diet recall (2 × 24 h DR) method and physical activity (PA) measurements for national dietary surveys. Since 2000, Denmark has used 7 d food diaries (7 d FD) with PA questionnaires and measurements. The accuracy of the reported energy intakes (EI) from the two diet methods, pedometer-determined step counts and self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were compared with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water (TEEDLW) technique and with PA energy expenditure (PAEE), respectively. The study involved fifty-two male and sixty-eight female volunteers aged 18-60 years who were randomly assigned to start with either the 24 h DR or the web-based 7 d FD, and wore a pedometer for the first 7 d and filled in a step diary. The mean TEEDLW (11·5 MJ/d) was greater than the mean reported EI for the 7 d FD (9·5 MJ/d (P < 0·01)) but the same as the 2 × 24 h DR (11·5 MJ/d). The proportion of under-reporters was 34 % (7 d FD) and 4 % (2 × 24 h DR). Most participants preferred the 7 d DR as it was more flexible, despite altering their eating habits. Pearson's correlation between steps corrected for cycling and PAEE was r = 0·44, P < 0·01. Spearman's correlation for self-reported hours spent in MVPA and PAEE was r = 0·58, P < 0·01. The 2 × 24 h DR performs better than the existing 7 d FD method. Pedometer-determined steps and self-reported MVPA are good predictors of PAEE in adult Danes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Karin Hess Ygil
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Lenette Knudsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Region Hovedstaden, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | | | | | - Cecilie Löe Licht
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
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Procházková N, Venlet N, Hansen ML, Lieberoth CB, Dragsted LO, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Kleerebezem M, Lauritzen L, Roager HM. Effects of a wholegrain-rich diet on markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function and their associations with the gut microbiome: a randomised controlled cross-over trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187165. [PMID: 37324737 PMCID: PMC10267323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diets rich in whole grains are associated with health benefits. Yet, it remains unclear whether the benefits are mediated by changes in gut function and fermentation. Objective We explored the effects of whole-grain vs. refined-grain diets on markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function, as well as their associations with the gut microbiome. Methods Fifty overweight individuals with increased metabolic risk and a high habitual intake of whole grains (~69 g/day) completed a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising a whole-grain diet (≥75 g/day) and a refined-grain diet (<10 g/day), separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. A range of markers of colonic fermentation and bowel function were assessed before and after each intervention. Results The whole-grain diet increased the levels of faecal butyrate (p = 0.015) and caproate (p = 0.013) compared to the refined-grain diet. No changes in other faecal SCFA, BCFA or urinary levels of microbial-derived proteolytic markers between the two interventions were observed. Similarly, faecal pH remained unchanged. Faecal pH did however increase (p = 0.030) after the refined-grain diet compared to the baseline. Stool frequency was lower at the end of the refined-grain period compared to the end of the whole-grain diet (p = 0.001). No difference in faecal water content was observed between the intervention periods, however, faecal water content increased following the whole-grain period compared to the baseline (p = 0.007). Dry stool energy density was unaffected by the dietary interventions. Nevertheless, it explained 4.7% of the gut microbiome variation at the end of the refined-grain diet, while faecal pH and colonic transit time explained 4.3 and 5%, respectively. Several butyrate-producers (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Butyriciococcus) were inversely associated with colonic transit time and/or faecal pH, while the mucin-degraders Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae showed the opposite association. Conclusion Compared with the refined-grain diet, the whole-grain diet increased faecal butyrate and caproate concentrations as well as stool frequency, emphasising that differences between whole and refined grains affect both colonic fermentation and bowel habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Procházková
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Naomi Venlet
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mathias L. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Lieberoth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Guimarães R, Andrade FCD, Costa GNO, Rocha ADS, Barreto ML, Salles C. Setting references for daily intake of micronutrients: A study on magnesium. Nutrition 2023; 106:111903. [PMID: 36436333 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Institute of Medicine stratifies the references for daily nutrient intake into age and sex groups, considering that the basal metabolic rate varies according to these aspects, and in most cases, it extrapolates the values calculated for adults to children, because their body weights are different. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the recommendation for magnesium in children according to energy expenditure. METHODS This was an observational study using the database of the Social Changes, Asthma and Allergy in Latin America (SCAALA) cohort, which randomly collected information from 1445 children ages 4 to 11 y. Of these, 480 (33%) were part of the present study (children between 7 and 11 y old with eutrophic body mass index and adequate growth). Information on food intake was obtained from the child's parents or legal guardians through a 24-h recall. The population was characterized using static analyses such as the Student t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 8.5 ± 0.96 y, and 54% were males. The mean magnesium intake was 149 ± 70 mg, with a high correlation observed between energy expenditure and magnesium intake (boys: R, 0.716; P <0.001; girls: R, 0.641; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The metabolic rate can be considered a reference variable for recommending the daily intake of the studied nutrient, aiming to avoid deficiencies and food poisoning because of poor intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guimarães
- International Center on Clinical Sleep Medicine and Research, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
| | | | - Gustavo N O Costa
- UNIFACS: Universidade Salvador, Laureate International Universities, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Rocha
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Barreto
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cristina Salles
- International Center on Clinical Sleep Medicine and Research, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia- Ebserh Network, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Boekhorst J, Venlet N, Procházková N, Hansen ML, Lieberoth CB, Bahl MI, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Licht TR, Kleerebezem M, Roager HM. Stool energy density is positively correlated to intestinal transit time and related to microbial enterotypes. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:223. [PMID: 36510309 PMCID: PMC9743556 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesised that the gut microbiota causally affects obesity via its capacity to extract energy from the diet. Yet, evidence elucidating the role of particular human microbial community structures and determinants of microbiota-dependent energy harvest is lacking. RESULTS Here, we investigated whether energy extraction from the diet in 85 overweight adults, estimated by dry stool energy density, was associated with intestinal transit time and variations in microbial community diversity and overall structure stratified as enterotypes. We hypothesised that a slower intestinal transit would allow for more energy extraction. However, opposite of what we expected, the stool energy density was positively associated with intestinal transit time. Stratifications into enterotypes showed that individuals with a Bacteroides enterotype (B-type) had significantly lower stool energy density, shorter intestinal transit times, and lower alpha-diversity compared to individuals with a Ruminococcaceae enterotype (R-type). The Prevotella (P-type) individuals appeared in between the B- and R-type. The differences in stool energy density between enterotypes were not explained by differences in habitual diet, intake of dietary fibre or faecal bacterial cell counts. However, the R-type individuals showed higher urinary and faecal levels of microbial-derived proteolytic metabolites compared to the B-type, suggesting increased colonic proteolysis in the R-type individuals. This could imply a less effective colonic energy extraction in the R-type individuals compared to the B-type individuals. Notably, the R-type had significantly lower body weight compared to the B-type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gut microbial energy harvest is diversified among individuals by intestinal transit time and associated gut microbiome ecosystem variations. A better understanding of these associations could support the development of personalised nutrition and improved weight-loss strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Venlet
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Procházková
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mathias L. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Lieberoth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Dötsch A, Merz B, Louis S, Krems C, Herrmann M, Dörr C, Watzl B, Bub A, Straßburg A, Engelbert AK. Assessment of Energy and Nutrient Intake and the Intestinal Microbiome (ErNst study): Protocol and Methods of a Cross-sectional Human Observational Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 12:e42529. [PMID: 37027187 PMCID: PMC10131588 DOI: 10.2196/42529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the national level, nutritional monitoring requires the assessment of reliable representative dietary intake data. To achieve this, standardized tools need to be developed, validated, and kept up-to-date with recent developments in food products and the nutritional behavior of the population. Recently, the human intestinal microbiome has been identified as an essential mediator between nutrition and host health. Despite growing interest in this connection, only a few associations between the microbiome, nutrition, and health have been clearly established. Available studies paint an inconsistent picture, partly due to a lack of standardization. OBJECTIVE First, we aim to verify if food consumption, as well as energy and nutrient intake of the German population, can be recorded validly by means of the dietary recall software GloboDiet, which will be applied in the German National Nutrition Monitoring. Second, we aim to obtain high-quality data using standard methods on the microbiome, combined with dietary intake data and additional fecal sample material, and to also assess the functional activity of the microbiome by measuring microbial metabolites. METHODS Healthy female and male participants aged between 18 and 79 years were recruited. Anthropometric measurements included body height and weight, BMI, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. For validation of the GloboDiet software, current food consumption was assessed with a 24-hour recall. Nitrogen and potassium concentrations were measured from 24-hour urine collections to enable comparison with the intake of protein and potassium estimated by the GloboDiet software. Physical activity was measured over at least 24 hours using a wearable accelerometer to validate the estimated energy intake. Stool samples were collected in duplicate for a single time point and used for DNA isolation and subsequent amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to determine microbiome composition. For the identification of associations between nutrition and the microbiome, the habitual diet was determined using a food frequency questionnaire covering 30 days. RESULTS In total, 117 participants met the inclusion criteria. The study population was equally distributed between the sexes and 3 age groups (18-39, 40-59, and 60-79 years). Stool samples accompanying habitual diet data (30-day food frequency questionnaire) are available for 106 participants. Current diet data and 24-hour urine samples for the validation of GloboDiet are available for 109 participants, of which 82 cases also include physical activity data. CONCLUSIONS We completed the recruitment and sample collection of the ErNst study with a high degree of standardization. Samples and data will be used to validate the GloboDiet software for the German National Nutrition Monitoring and to compare microbiome composition and nutritional patterns. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Register of Clinical Studies DRKS00015216; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00015216. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dötsch
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carolin Krems
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Herrmann
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Dörr
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Straßburg
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Engelbert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Bickelmann FV, Leitzmann MF, Keller M, Baurecht H, Jochem C. Calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10659-10677. [PMID: 38054787 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, plant-based diets have experienced increasing popularity. However, plant-based diets may not always ensure an adequate supply of micronutrients, in particular calcium. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets as compared to omnivorous diets. We searched PubMed and Web of Science and identified 2,009 potentially relevant articles. Mean calcium intake values were pooled and standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.We analyzed 74 studies, including 7,356 vegan, 51,940 vegetarian, and 107,581 omnivorous participants. Of these, dietary calcium intake was examined in 23 studies of vegans, 60 studies of vegetarians and 74 studies of omnivores. Vegans showed a substantially lower calcium intake than vegetarians (SMD = -0.57; 95%CI = -0.83 to -0.32; p = <0.0001) and omnivores (SMD = -0.70; 95%CI = -0.95 to -0.59; p < 0.0001), whereas no statistically significant difference in calcium intake was noted between vegetarians and omnivores (SMD = 0.07; 95%CI = -0.04 to 0.19; p = 0.1976). In conclusion, vegans show a lower calcium intake than vegetarians and omnivores. This finding emphasizes the need for vegans to monitor their calcium status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Research Institute of Plant-Based Nutrition, Biebertal, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Jochem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Assessment of iodine fortification of salt in the Danish population. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2939-2951. [PMID: 35312809 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the effect of the current iodine fortification level (20 µg/g household salt and salt included in bread and bakery products) on inadequate and excessive intake in the general Danish population. Intake models with/without the contribution from food supplements and effects of excluding specific food groups were evaluated. METHOD Data from the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in 2011-13 (N = 3946, aged 4-75 years) stratified by age-group and sex were used to estimate habitual dietary iodine intakes, and compared with established dietary reference values. RESULTS The proportion with an estimated inadequate iodine intake was ≤ 3% for males and ≤ 5% for females, except for 15-17-year-old girls, where the probable prevalence of an inadequate intake was 11%. Including the contribution from food supplements gave similar results (10%). High intakes (as defined by 95th percentile) from food sources generally did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL). However, for the youngest age-groups (4-6-year-old boys/girls and 7-10-year-old boys), the 95th percentiles exceeded the UL with 11%, 4% and 7%, respectively, when food supplements were included in the estimates. Especially exclusion of dairy products and bread led to an inadequate intake for both boys and girls. CONCLUSION The current fortification level may provide an inadequate iodine intake for some females and on the other hand lead to excessive intakes in the youngest age-groups. The study shows the importance of choosing iodine-rich alternatives when excluding major sources of iodine in the Danish diet.
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12
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Effects of substitution dietary guidelines targeted at prevention of IHD on dietary intake and risk factors in middle-aged Danish adults: the Diet and Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: a Translational Approach (DIPI) randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1179-1193. [PMID: 33357247 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of substitution (SUB) dietary guidelines (DG) targeted at the prevention of IHD on dietary intake and IHD risk factors in Danish adults with minimum one self-assessed IHD risk factor. A 6-month single-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial with a follow-up at month 12 included 219 subjects (median age 51 years, 59 % female, 73 % overweight or obese) randomised into an SUB DG, an official (OFF) DG or a control group following their habitual diet (HAB). Participants in the DG intervention groups received bi-weekly reminders of their DG and recipes for dishes and the HAB group received a greeting. Dietary intake and fasting blood, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Linear regression analyses were applied. At month 6, when compared with the HAB, the SUB had a greater impact on the extent of dietary changes with increased intake of whole grains, dietary fibre and low fibre vegetables compared with the OFF DG, and both DG groups had similar decreased percentage of energy (E%) intake from SFA. The extent of dietary changes was similar at month 12. No overall significant changes from baseline were found in blood pressure, anthropometrics and IHD risk markers. In conclusion, both SUB and OFF DG resulted in cardioprotective dietary changes. However, neither the SUB nor the OFF DG resulted in any overall effects on the selected intermediate risk factors for IHD.
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Fleming JA, Catháin CÓ, Harper LD, Naughton RJ. Dietary Intake and Daily Distribution of Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat in Youth Tennis Players over a 7-Day Training and Competition Period. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:413-420. [PMID: 34267580 PMCID: PMC8256522 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During a 7-day training and/or competition period, macronutrient intake and distribution was assessed using food diaries, supported by remote food photography and 24-hr multiple pass recalls of youth tennis players categorised by under 12s, under 14s and under 16+ age groups (n = 27). Total energy did not differ between age groups nor type of day (training [TD], competition day [CD]), irrespective of a significant increase in body mass reported in the older players (U16+; p < 0.05). Average intakes were consistently below 2250 kcal·day-1 (range 1965 ± 317-2232 ± 612 kcal·day-1). Carbohydrate consumption was below guidelines for all groups (≤6g·kg-1). Conversely, protein intake met or exceeded guidelines throughout, with intakes ≥2 g·kg-1 for both the U12 and U14 age groups on both days. Protein intake was ~17% higher on TDs than CDs (p < 0.05), with protein intake at lunch significantly higher on TDs than CDs (p < 0.05). No further differences were observed between breakfast, lunch or dinner between group or day. Inconsistent snacking was reported, with players consuming snacks on less than half of the days reported (46 ± 12% of TDs and 43 ± 30% of CDs). In conclusion, youth tennis players present sub-optimal nutrition practices, appearing to under fuel and under consume carbohydrate for performance, adaptation, recovery and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fleming
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, London, England
| | - Ciarán Ó Catháin
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Liam D Harper
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
| | - Robert J Naughton
- School of Human and Health Sciences, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England
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14
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Serban CL, Banu AM, Putnoky S, Butica SI, Niculescu MD, Putnoky S. Relative Validation of a Four Weeks Retrospective Food Frequency Questionnaire versus 7-Day Paper-Based Food Records in Estimating the Intake of Energy and Nutrients in Adults. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s310260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Abstract
Associations between meat consumption and heart disease have been assessed in several studies, but it has been suggested that other dietary factors influence these associations. The aim of the present study was to assess whether meat consumption is associated with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and if the association is modified by dietary quality. The analyses were based on the cohort of adult participants in the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity in 2000–2002, 2003–2008 and 2011–2013. From these surveys, information on meat consumption and dietary quality was extracted. The cohort was followed in national registers to identify incident IHD. Associations were estimated using Cox regression analyses adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Analyses of associations between meat consumption and IHD stratified by dietary quality were subsequently evaluated. Among the 8007 participants, the median follow-up was 9·8 years and 439 cases of IHD were recorded. The results suggested a trend between consumption increments of 100 g/d of red meat (hazard ratio (HR) = 1·23; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·53) or of 50 g/d of processed meat (HR = 1·09; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·29) and higher risk of IHD. The trends were, however, not statistically significant. Stratification by dietary quality did not suggest that associations between meat consumption and risk of IHD were modified by dietary quality. This population-based cohort study with detailed dietary information suggested a trend with higher meat consumption being associated with higher risk of IHD, but the association was not statistically significant. Results did not indicate that dietary quality modifies such associations.
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16
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Fabricius FA, Thomsen ST, Fagt S, Nauta M. The health impact of substituting unprocessed red meat by pulses in the Danish diet. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3107-3118. [PMID: 33515322 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets consisting of high amounts of animal-based protein have been associated with adverse public health effects and are often deemed environmentally unsustainable. Therefore, replacing red meat by pulses has been proposed to reduce the adverse impact on human health and environment. However, unprocessed red meat is an important source of nutrients, such as vitamin B12, iron, zinc and selenium, and the substitution may have negative impact on nutrient adequacy. METHOD Using a risk-benefit assessment (RBA) approach, we, therefore, estimated the health impact of substituting unprocessed red meat by pulses on the burden of non-communicable diseases in Denmark, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of the substitution on nutrient adequacy. RESULTS We found that 187 (95% UI: 209; 168) healthy years of life could be gained per 100,000 individuals per year by substituting 100% of unprocessed red meat by pulses in the Danish diet. We found a decrease in the intake of vitamin B12, zinc and selenium due to the substitution. An additional 10% of the Danish population will become at risk of vitamin B12 and selenium inadequacy, and an additional 20% will be at risk of zinc inadequacy due to the substitution. For iron, a small decrease in the proportion at risk of inadequacy was found. CONCLUSION Substitution of unprocessed red meat by pulses was estimated to provide a beneficial health impact on the burden of non-communicable disease, expressed in DALY. Additionally, it was found that the complete substitution will lead to a higher risk of nutrient inadequacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Andresen Fabricius
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Theresa Thomsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maarten Nauta
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Mejborn H, Møller SP, Thygesen LC, Biltoft-Jensen A. Dietary Intake of Red Meat, Processed Meat, and Poultry and Risk of Colorectal Cancer and All-Cause Mortality in the Context of Dietary Guideline Compliance. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010032. [PMID: 33374887 PMCID: PMC7823645 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat intake has been linked to increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and mortality. However, diet composition may affect the risks. We aimed to estimate associations between red and processed meat and poultry intake and risk of CRC and all-cause mortality and if they are modified by dietary quality using Cox regression analyses. Baseline dietary data were obtained from three survey rounds of the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity. Data on CRC and all-cause mortality were extracted from national registers. The cohort was followed from date of survey interview—or for CRC, from age 50 years, whichever came last, until 31 December 2017. Meat intake was analysed categorically and continuously, and stratified by dietary quality for 15–75-year-old Danes at baseline, n 6282 for CRC and n 9848 for mortality analyses. We found no significant association between red and processed meat intake and CRC risk. For poultry, increased CRC risk for high versus low intake (HR 1.62; 95%CI 1.13–2.31) was found, but not when examining risk change per 100 g increased intake. We showed no association between meat intake and all-cause mortality. The association between meat intake and CRC or mortality risk was not modified by dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heddie Mejborn
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3588-7442
| | - Sanne Pagh Møller
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark; (S.P.M.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Lau Caspar Thygesen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark; (S.P.M.); (L.C.T.)
| | - Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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18
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Søndertoft NB, Vogt JK, Arumugam M, Kristensen M, Gøbel RJ, Fan Y, Lyu L, Bahl MI, Eriksen C, Ängquist L, Frøkiær H, Hansen TH, Brix S, Nielsen HB, Hansen T, Vestergaard H, Gupta R, Licht TR, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O. The intestinal microbiome is a co-determinant of the postprandial plasma glucose response. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238648. [PMID: 32947608 PMCID: PMC7500969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated postprandial plasma glucose is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the inter-individual postprandial plasma glucose response varies partly depending on the intestinal microbiome composition and function. We analyzed data from Danish adults (n = 106), who were self-reported healthy and attended the baseline visit of two previously reported randomized controlled cross-over trials within the Gut, Grain and Greens project. Plasma glucose concentrations at five time points were measured before and during three hours after a standardized breakfast. Based on these data, we devised machine learning algorithms integrating bio-clinical, as well as shotgun-sequencing-derived taxa and functional potentials of the intestinal microbiome to predict individual postprandial glucose excursions. In this post hoc study, we found microbial and clinical features, which predicted up to 48% of the inter-individual variance of postprandial plasma glucose responses (Pearson correlation coefficient of measured vs. predicted values, R = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.84, p<0.001). The features were age, fasting serum triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, BMI, fasting total serum cholesterol, abundance of Bifidobacterium genus, richness of metagenomics species and abundance of a metagenomic species annotated to Clostridiales at order level. A model based only on microbial features predicted up to 14% of the variance in postprandial plasma glucose excursions (R = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.64, p = 0.04). Adding fasting glycaemic measures to the model including microbial and bio-clinical features increased the predictive power to R = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.89, p<0.001), explaining more than 60% of the inter-individual variance of postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. The outcome of the study points to a potential role of the taxa and functional potentials of the intestinal microbiome. If validated in larger studies our findings may be included in future algorithms attempting to develop personalized nutrition, especially for prediction of individual blood glucose excursions in dys-glycaemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja B. Søndertoft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OP); (NBS)
| | - Josef K. Vogt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke J. Gøbel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Fan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liwei Lyu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin I. Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Eriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tue H. Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine R. Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (OP); (NBS)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare dietary intake and physical activity (PA) between days of the week in a large sample of the Danish population; furthermore, to investigate the influence of gender and age as determinants for weekly variation. DESIGN Analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2011-2013. Dietary intake and PA were assessed by 7 d of pre-coded food diaries and pedometer-determined step counts. Dietary intake and PA on weekdays (Monday-Thursday), Friday, and weekend days (Saturday and Sunday) were compared using linear mixed models. SETTING Survey with national representation, conducted in Denmark between 2011 and 2013. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 4-75-year-old Danes, n 3934 and n 3530 in analysis of dietary intake and PA, respectively. RESULTS Energy intake during Friday and weekend days was 7-20 % higher compared with weekdays, while step counts were 10 and 17 % lower on Saturday and Sunday, respectively (all P < 0·001). Energy density of liquids and solids, consumption of added sugar, alcohol, discretionary foods, beer, wine and sugar-sweetened beverages were substantially higher, and consumption of dietary fibre, vegetables, fruit and wholegrain products were lower, during Friday and weekend days compared with weekdays (all P < 0·001). The observed patterns were present across gender and age, although weekly variation was most pronounced among children and relatively modest among the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Weekend health behaviours of Danes display less favourable eating and PA behaviour compared with weekdays, making the weekend an important target for public health interventions aiming to improve dietary intake and PA behaviour.
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Salt Reduction Intervention in Families Investigating Metabolic, Behavioral and Health Effects of Targeted Intake Reductions: Study Protocol for a Four Months Three-Armed, Randomized, Controlled "Real-Life" Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193532. [PMID: 31546576 PMCID: PMC6801456 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in salt intake have the potential to markedly improve population health at low cost. Real life interventions that explore the feasibility and health effects of a gradual salt reduction lasting at least four weeks are required. The randomized controlled SalT Reduction InterVEntion (STRIVE) trial was developed to investigate the metabolic, behavioral and health effects of four months of consuming gradually salt reduced bread alone or in combination with dietary counselling. This paper describes the rationale and methods of STRIVE. Aiming at 120 healthy families, participants were recruited in February 2018 from the Danish Capital Region and randomly allocated into: (A) Salt reduced bread; (B) Salt reduced bread and dietary counseling; (C) Standard bread. Participants were examined before the intervention and at four months follow-up. Primary outcome is change in salt intake measured by 24 h urine. Secondary outcomes are change in urine measures of potassium and sodium/ potassium ratio, blood pressure, plasma lipids, the renin-angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous response, dietary intake as well as salt taste sensitivity and preferences. The results will qualify mechanisms affected during a gradual reduction in salt intake in compliance with the current public health recommendations.
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Johansen AMW, Myhre JB, Hjartåker A, Andersen LF. Validation of energy intake recorded by a 7-day pre-coded food diary against measured energy expenditure in a group of Norwegian adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215638. [PMID: 30998755 PMCID: PMC6472777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate energy intake (EI) reported by a pre-coded food diary (PFD) against energy expenditure (EE) measured by the ActiReg system consisting of an activity and position monitor and a calculation program (ActiCalc). Dietary intake was recorded by the PFD and EE was measured by the ActiReg system over a 7-day period. One hundred and twenty adult participants completed the study, 42 men and 78 women. The average group EI was 17% lower compared to measured EE. The 95% limits of agreement were 6.7 and -2.9 MJ/day. Of all participants, 68% were classified as acceptable reporters, 29% as underreporters and only 3% as overreporters. Fifty percent of the men and 30% of the women were classified into the same quartile for EI and EE, whereas 5% of both men and women were ranked in the opposite quartile by the two methods (weighted kappa coefficient = 0.29). Pearson correlation coefficient between reported EI and measured EE was 0.49 (p<0.001). High BMI was related to larger underreporting when EE was low. Furthermore, this study found that PFD underestimates EI on the group level with an average of 17% and showed large variation in the validity of the PFD on the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannicke Borch Myhre
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Roager HM, Vogt JK, Kristensen M, Hansen LBS, Ibrügger S, Mærkedahl RB, Bahl MI, Lind MV, Nielsen RL, Frøkiær H, Gøbel RJ, Landberg R, Ross AB, Brix S, Holck J, Meyer AS, Sparholt MH, Christensen AF, Carvalho V, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Rumessen JJ, Linneberg A, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Dalgaard MD, Blennow A, Frandsen HL, Villas-Bôas S, Kristiansen K, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Ekstrøm CT, Ritz C, Nielsen HB, Pedersen OB, Gupta R, Lauritzen L, Licht TR. Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial. Gut 2019; 68:83-93. [PMID: 29097438 PMCID: PMC6839833 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. DESIGN 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. RESULTS 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. CONCLUSION Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01731366; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Munch Roager
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Josef K Vogt
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lea Benedicte S Hansen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabine Ibrügger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus B Mærkedahl
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rikke L Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Juul Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Vera Carvalho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jüri Johannes Rumessen
- Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marlene D Dalgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Silas Villas-Bôas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus T Ekstrøm
- Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bjørn Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark,Clinical-Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Bio and Heath Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4630. [PMID: 30425247 PMCID: PMC6234216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres. Gluten-free diets are increasingly common in the general population. Here, the authors report the results of a randomised cross-over trial involving middle-aged, healthy Danish adults, showing evidence that a low-gluten diet leads to gut microbiome changes, possibly due to variations in dietary fibres.
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Fagt S, Matthiessen J, Thyregod C, Kørup K, Biltoft-Jensen A. Breakfast in Denmark. Prevalence of Consumption, Intake of Foods, Nutrients and Dietary Quality. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081085. [PMID: 30110931 PMCID: PMC6116167 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is considered by many to be the most important meal of the day. This study examined the intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast among Danes and the relation to the overall dietary quality. Data were derived from the Danish National Survey on Diet and Physical Activity 2011–2013, a cross-sectional national food consumption study. A total of 3680 participants aged 6–75 years were included in the analyses of breakfast consumption. The Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 method was used to examine the overall dietary quality of the diet. The intake of nutrients and foods at breakfast were compared across dietary quality score tertiles by ANCOVA adjusted for energy and socio economic status. Breakfast was eaten frequently by children and adults and contributed with 18–20% of total energy intake. Breakfast was relatively high in dietary fibre, B vitamins, calcium and magnesium and low in added sugar, total fat, sodium, vitamin A and D. A decrease in the intake of added sugar, total fat and saturated fat and an increase in the intake of dietary fibre and most micronutrients were seen across tertiles of dietary quality scores. Commonly consumed foods provided at breakfast in Denmark included bread, breakfast cereals and dairy products as well as water, coffee and juice, while intakes of fruits, vegetables, cakes and soft drinks were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisse Fagt
- National Food Institute, Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- National Food Institute, Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Thyregod
- DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Demark.
| | - Karsten Kørup
- National Food Institute, Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Energy depletion by 24-h fast leads to compensatory appetite responses compared with matched energy depletion by exercise in healthy young males. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:583-592. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough there is a growing interest for the effects of intermittent fasting on energy balance, this study aimed to compare appetite, energy intake and food reward responses with an energy depletion induced either by 24-h food restriction or an equivalent deficit with exercise in healthy males. In all, twelve healthy lean males (21·5 (sd 0·5) years old; BMI: 22·5 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) participated in this study. Body composition, aerobic capacity, food preferences and energy intake were assessed. They randomly completed three conditions: (i) no depletion (CON); (ii) full 24-h energy restrictions (Def-EI); and (iii) exercise condition (Def-EX). Ad libitum energy intake and food reward were assessed at the end of each session. Appetite feelings were assessed regularly. Ad libitum energy intake was higher on Def-EI (7330 (sd 2975) kJ (1752 (sd 711) kcal) compared with that on CON (5301 (sd 1205) kJ (1267 (sd 288) kcal)) (P<0·05), with no difference between CON and Def-EX (6238 (sd 1741) kJ (1491 (sd 416) kcal) (P=0·38) and between Def-EX and Def-EI (P=0·22). There was no difference in the percent energy ingested from macronutrients. Hunger was lower on CON and Def-EX compared with Def-EI (P<0·001). Satiety was higher on CON and Def-EI compared with that on Def-EX (P<0·001). There was a significant interaction condition × time for food choice fat bias (P=0·04), showing a greater preference for high-fat v. low-fat food during Def-EI and Def-EX. Although 24-h fasting leads to increased energy intake at the following test meal (without total daily energy intake difference), increased hunger profile and decreased post-meal food choice fat bias, such nutritional responses are not observed after a similar deficit induced by exercise.
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26
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Associations between adherence to the Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Danish adult population: the DIPI study. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:664-673. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDiet is recognised as one modifiable lifestyle factor for ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed at investigating the associations between adherence to the Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) indicated by a Dietary Quality Index (DQI) and selected cardiometabolic risk factors in a cross-sectional study with 219 Danish adult participants (59 %women; age 31–65years) with a minimum of one self-rated risk marker of IHD. Information regarding diet was obtained using web-based dietary assessment software and adherence to the Danish FBDG was expressed by a DQI calculated from 5 food and nutrient indicators (whole grain, fish, fruit and vegetables, energy from saturated fat and from added sugar). Background information, blood samples and anthropometrics were collected and blood pressure was measured. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between DQI and cardiometabolic risk factors. DQI was inversely associated with LDL:HDL ratio and TAG (−0·089 per unit; 95 % CI −0·177, −0·002 and −5 % per unit; 95 % CI −9, 0, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (0·047 mmol/l per unit; 95 % CI 0·007, 0·088). For men, DQI was inversely associated with BMI (−3 %per unit; 95 % CI −5, −1), trunk fat (−1 % per unit; 95 % CI −2, −1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−30 % per unit; 95 % CI −41, −16 %), HbA1c(−0·09 % per unit; 95 % CI −0·14, −0·04), insulin (−13 % per unit; 95 % CI −19, −7) and homoeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (−14 % per unit; 95 % CI −21, −7). In women, DQI was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (2·6 mmHg per unit; 95 % CI 0·6, 4·6). In conclusion, higher adherence to the current Danish FBDG was associated with a more beneficial cardiometabolic risk profile in a Danish adult population with a minimum of one self-rated risk factor for IHD.
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27
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Stark KD, Hansen T, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 29129471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (-4.7% (-9.3; 0.0), P=.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (-0.5; 5.5), P=.08; 5.8% (-0.2; 12.1), P=.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (-5.4% (-9.7; -0.8), P=.02 and -7.0% (-12.1; -1.5), P=.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P=.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sørensen MR, Matthiessen J, Holm L, Knudsen VK, Andersen EW, Tetens I. Optimistic and pessimistic self-assessment of own diets is associated with age, self-rated health and weight status in Danish adults. Appetite 2017; 114:15-22. [PMID: 28315781 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse concordance between Danish adults' recorded diet quality and their own assessment of the healthiness and to examine socio-demographic, health and behavioural characteristics associated with an optimistic or pessimistic self-assessment. Data were derived from The Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2011-2013 and included a random sample of 3014 adults (18-75 y). Diet quality was evaluated on the basis of seven-day pre-coded food diaries and categorised 'unhealthy', 'somewhat healthy' and 'healthy'. Self-assessment of the healthiness of own diets was registered via personal interviews and categorised healthy enough 'to a high degree', 'to some degree' or 'not at all/only partly'. Highly and somewhat optimistic self-assessment, respectively, were defined as assessing own diets as healthy enough to a high degree or to some degree while having unhealthy diets. Highly and somewhat pessimistic self-assessment, respectively, were defined as assessing own diets as not healthy enough or healthy enough to some degree while having healthy diets. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine characteristics associated with optimistic and pessimistic self-assessments, respectively. Among individuals with unhealthy diets, 13% were highly optimistic and 42% somewhat optimistic about the healthiness of their diets. Among individuals with healthy diets, 14% were highly pessimistic and 51% somewhat pessimistic about the healthiness of their diets. Highly optimistic self-assessment was associated with increasing age, excellent self-rated health, normal weight and a moderate activity level. Highly pessimistic self-assessment was associated with decreasing age, good self-rated health and being obese. The findings indicate that people seem to use personal health characteristics as important references when assessing the healthiness of their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rosenlund Sørensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Lotte Holm
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Elisabeth Wreford Andersen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
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Biltoft-Jensen A, Holmgaard Nielsen T, Hess Ygil K, Christensen T, Fagt S. Accuracy of food photographs for quantifying food servings in a lunch meal setting among Danish children and adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 31:131-140. [PMID: 28656744 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual aids, such as food photographs, are widely used in estimating food quantities in dietary surveys. The present study aimed to assess how accurately Danish adults and children can estimate food portion sizes using 37 series of photographs illustrating four to six different portion sizes under real-life conditions; determine whether adults were more accurate than children; and estimate the error caused by using portion size photographs to estimate weights of foods consumed in macronutrient calculation. METHODS Six hundred and twenty-two adults and 109 children were recruited in three workplace canteens and in two schools, respectively, to estimate their lunchtime portions based on photographs. Participants were instructed to keep the foods separated on their plate when taking lunch. Participants thereafter estimated their own portions by looking at the relevant series of photographs. The actual food portions were then weighed. RESULTS The proportion of correct estimations was 42% overall (range 19-77%). The mean difference (%) between estimated and actual weight was 17% (range 1-111%). Small portion size photographs were more often used correctly compared to larger portion photographs. Children had as many correct estimations as adults, although they overestimated portions more. Participants using fractions of (or more than) one photograph to estimate the portion of a food had significantly larger errors. When calculating the macronutrient content of a weekly menu using the estimated portion sizes, protein had the largest error (29%). CONCLUSIONS When used in a real-life situation, the portion size photographs validated in the present study showed a certain inaccuracy compared to the actual weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biltoft-Jensen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - T Holmgaard Nielsen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - K Hess Ygil
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - T Christensen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - S Fagt
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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30
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Medin AC, Hansen BH, Astrup H, Ekelund U, Frost Andersen L. Validation of energy intake from a web-based food recall for children and adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178921. [PMID: 28594899 PMCID: PMC5464590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate estimated energy intake from a web-based food recall, designed for children and adolescents. We directly compared energy intake to estimates of total energy expenditure, calculated from accelerometer outputs, combined with data on weight and sex or resting energy expenditure prediction equations. Children (8–9 years) and adolescents (12–14 years) were recruited through schools in Norway in 2013 (N = 253). Results showed that more than one third (36–37%) were identified as under-reporters of energy. In contrast, only 2–4% were defined as over-reporters of energy. The mean energy intake was under-reported with -1.83 MJ/day for the entire study sample. Increased underestimation was observed for overweight and obese participants, the oldest age group (12–14 years), boys, those with parents/legal guardians with low educational level and those living in non-traditional families. In conclusion, energy intake from the web-based food recall is significantly underestimated compared with total energy expenditure, and should be used with caution in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Christine Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Helene Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Gibson R, Eriksen R, Lamb K, McMeel Y, Vergnaud AC, Spear J, Aresu M, Chan Q, Elliott P, Frost G. Dietary assessment of British police force employees: a description of diet record coding procedures and cross-sectional evaluation of dietary energy intake reporting (The Airwave Health Monitoring Study). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012927. [PMID: 28377391 PMCID: PMC5388011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary intake is a key aspect of occupational health. To capture the characteristics of dietary behaviour that is affected by occupational environment that may affect disease risk, a collection of prospective multiday dietary records is required. The aims of this paper are to: (1) collect multiday dietary data in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study, (2) describe the dietary coding procedures applied and (3) investigate the plausibility of dietary reporting in this occupational cohort. DESIGN A dietary coding protocol for this large-scale study was developed to minimise coding error rate. Participants (n 4412) who completed 7-day food records were included for cross-sectional analyses. Energy intake (EI) misreporting was estimated using the Goldberg method. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to determine participant characteristics associated with EI misreporting. SETTING British police force employees enrolled (2007-2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. RESULTS The mean code error rate per food diary was 3.7% (SD 3.2%). The strongest predictors of EI under-reporting were body mass index (BMI) and physical activity. Compared with participants with BMI<25 kg/m2, those with BMI>30 kg/m2 had increased odds of being classified as under-reporting EI (men OR 5.20 95% CI 3.92 to 6.89; women OR 2.66 95% CI 1.85 to 3.83). Men and women in the highest physical activity category compared with the lowest were also more likely to be classified as under-reporting (men OR 3.33 95% CI 2.46 to 4.50; women OR 4.34 95% CI 2.91 to 6.55). CONCLUSIONS A reproducible dietary record coding procedure has been developed to minimise coding error in complex 7-day diet diaries. The prevalence of EI under-reporting is comparable with existing national UK cohorts and, in agreement with previous studies, classification of under-reporting was biased towards specific subgroups of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gibson
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rebeca Eriksen
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Lamb
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yvonne McMeel
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anne-Claire Vergnaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jeanette Spear
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Maria Aresu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Machado CH, Lopes ACS, Santos LCD. Notificação imprecisa da ingestão energética entre usuários de Serviços de Promoção à Saúde. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017222.21492015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A avaliação da ingestão alimentar é importante na ciência da nutrição, no entanto, os métodos utilizados para tal fim podem levar à notificação imprecisa comprometendo os resultados associados à dieta. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de notificação imprecisa da ingestão energética e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com usuários de nove academias da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Coletou-se dados sociodemográficos e econômicos, história e percepção de saúde, hábitos alimentares e estado nutricional. A avaliação da ingestão energética deu-se por Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 horas e a notificação imprecisa pela metodologia de McCrory. Avaliaram-se 487 usuários, 82,3% do sexo feminino e 50,5% idosos. A prevalência de subnotificação do consumo alimentar foi de 11,9%, sendo mais prevalente entre os participantes com dislipidemias e circunferência da cintura muito elevada, e menos prevalente entre os adultos, os satisfeitos com o peso corporal e com fracionamento da dieta igual ou superior a cinco refeições diárias. A supernotificação foi encontrada em 0,8% da amostra. Identificou-se a subnotificação como um problema nessa população, demandando estratégias para o aprimoramento da notificação dietética.
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Lind MV, Madsen ML, Rumessen JJ, Vestergaard H, Gøbel RJ, Hansen T, Lauritzen L, Pedersen OB, Kristensen M, Ross AB. Plasma Alkylresorcinols Reflect Gluten Intake and Distinguish between Gluten-Rich and Gluten-Poor Diets in a Population at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr 2016; 146:1991-1998. [PMID: 27629576 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.236398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with celiac disease experience difficulties in adherence to a gluten-free diet. Methods for testing compliance to a gluten-free diet are costly and cumbersome. Thus, a simple biomarker of gluten intake is needed in a clinical setting and will be useful for epidemiologic studies investigating wider effects of gluten intake. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations as a measure of gluten intake. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study in 52 Danish adults with features of the metabolic syndrome, we compared 8 wk of a gluten-rich and gluten-poor diet separated by a washout period of ≥6 wk. We measured fasting plasma concentrations of alkylresorcinols to determine if they reflected differences in gluten intake as a secondary outcome of the original study. In addition, we investigated in 118 Danish adults the cross-sectional association between self-reported gluten intake and plasma alkylresorcinols in the same and a similar study at baseline. We used mixed-model ANCOVA for examining treatment effects, a classification tree to determine compliance to the gluten-poor diet, and linear regression models for examining baseline correlation between plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations and gluten intake. RESULTS Plasma total alkylresorcinols decreased more during the gluten-poor period (geometric mean: -124.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: -156.5, -93.0 nmol/L) than in the gluten-rich period (geometric mean: -31.8 nmol/L; 95% CI: -63.1, -0.4 nmol/L) (P < 0.001). On the basis of the plasma alkylresorcinol profile, we built a classification tree to objectively determine compliance and found an overall participant misclassification error of 3.9%. In the cross-sectional study we found a 5.6% (95% CI: 2.4%, 8.9%) increase in plasma total alkylresorcinols per 1-g increase in reported gluten intake (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We propose the use of plasma alkylresorcinols to monitor compliance to a gluten-free diet as well as to help investigations into the possible effects of gluten in the wider population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT017119913 and NCT01731366.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Mia L Madsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Jüri J Rumessen
- QD-Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Rikke J Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf B Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sherf Dagan S, Tovim TB, Keidar A, Raziel A, Shibolet O, Zelber-Sagi S. Inadequate protein intake after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery is associated with a greater fat free mass loss. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 13:101-109. [PMID: 27521254 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low postoperative protein intake may represent a modifiable risk factor that leads to fat free mass (FFM) loss postlaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), but data concerning this phenomenon is scarce. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between daily protein intake and relative FFM loss at 6 (M6) and 12 (M12) months after LSG surgery. SETTINGS Private hospital and university hospital. METHODS A prospective cohort study with 12 months follow-up of 77 patients who underwent LSG surgery. Anthropometrics including body composition analysis measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, 3-day food diaries, food intolerance, and habitual physical activity were evaluated at baseline and at M3, M6, and M12. RESULTS Repeated body composition measurements and food diary were available for 77 patients (45 women) at M6 and for 68 patients at M12. Mean age was 42.7±9.4 years and mean preoperative body mass index was 42.2±4.8 kg/m2. A protein intake of≥60 g/d was achieved in 13.3%, 32.5% and 39.7% of the study participants at M3, M6 and M12, respectively. FFM significantly decreased at M6 and stabilized at M12. Protein intake of≥60 g/d was associated with a significantly lower relative FFM loss at M6 among women (8.9±6.5% versus 12.4±4.1%; P = .039) and this trend was also reported among men (9.5±5.5% versus 13.4±6.0%; P = .068). A logistic regression for the prediction of FFM loss of≥10% at M6, indicated that protein intake≥60 g/d is a strong protective factor (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval .09-.96, P = .043). CONCLUSION Our study supports the currently recommended protein intake goal of≥60 g/d as an efficient strategy for better preservation of FFM post-LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Sherf Dagan
- Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tali Ben Tovim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrei Keidar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petach Tiqva, Israel
| | | | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Burden of disease of dietary exposure to acrylamide in Denmark. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 90:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kristensen NB, Madsen ML, Hansen TH, Allin KH, Hoppe C, Fagt S, Lausten MS, Gøbel RJ, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans. Nutr J 2015; 14:115. [PMID: 26518233 PMCID: PMC4628270 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since information about macro- and micronutrient intake among vegans is limited we aimed to determine and evaluate their dietary and supplementary intake. Methods Seventy 18–61 years old Danish vegans completed a four-day weighed food record from which their daily intake of macro- and micronutrients was assessed and subsequently compared to an age-range-matched group of 1 257 omnivorous individuals from the general Danish population. Moreover, the vegan dietary and supplementary intake was compared to the 2012 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). Results Dietary intake differed significantly between vegans and the general Danish population in all measured macro- and micronutrients (p < 0.05), except for energy intake among women and intake of carbohydrates among men. For vegans the intake of macro- and micronutrients (including supplements) did not reach the NNR for protein, vitamin D, iodine and selenium. Among vegan women vitamin A intake also failed to reach the recommendations. With reference to the NNR, the dietary content of added sugar, sodium and fatty acids, including the ratio of PUFA to SFA, was more favorable among vegans. Conclusions At the macronutrient level, the diet of Danish vegans is in better accordance with the NNR than the diet of the general Danish population. At the micronutrient level, considering both diet and supplements, the vegan diet falls short in certain nutrients, suggesting a need for greater attention toward ensuring recommended daily intake of specific vitamins and minerals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja B Kristensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mia L Madsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Tue H Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kristine H Allin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Hoppe
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutriton, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutriton, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mia S Lausten
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutriton, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Rikke J Gøbel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Hoppe C, Gøbel R, Kristensen M, Lind MV, Matthiessen J, Christensen T, Trolle E, Fagt S, Madsen ML, Husby S. Intake and sources of gluten in 20- to 75-year-old Danish adults: a national dietary survey. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:107-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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What do Danish children eat, and does the diet meet the recommendations? Baseline data from the OPUS School Meal Study. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e29. [PMID: 26495121 PMCID: PMC4611088 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A child's diet is an important determinant for later health, growth and development. In Denmark, most children in primary school bring their own packed lunch from home and attend an after-school care institution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the food, energy and nutrient intake of Danish school children in relation to dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations, and to assess the food intake during and outside school hours. In total, 834 children from nine public schools located in the eastern part of Denmark were included in this cross-sectional study and 798 children (95·7 %) completed the dietary assessment sufficiently (August–November 2011). The whole diet was recorded during seven consecutive days using the Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children (WebDASC). Compared with the food-based dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations, 85 % of the children consumed excess amounts of red meat, 89 % consumed too much saturated fat, and 56 % consumed too much added sugar. Additionally 35 or 91 % of the children (depending on age group) consumed insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables, 85 % consumed insufficient amounts of fish, 86 % consumed insufficient amounts of dietary fibre, 60 or 84 % had an insufficient Fe intake (depending on age group), and 96 % had an insufficient vitamin D intake. The study also showed that there is a higher intake of fruits and bread during school hours than outside school hours; this is not the case with, for example, fish and vegetables, and future studies should investigate strategies to increase fish and vegetable intake during school hours.
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Key Words
- AR, acceptable reporter
- DANSDA, Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity
- E%, percentage energy
- EI, energy intake
- FBDG, Food-Based Dietary Guidelines 2013
- Food-based dietary guidelines
- NNR2012, Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
- Nutrition recommendations
- OPUS, Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet
- OR, over-reporter
- School lunch
- UR, under-reporter
- WebDASC, Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children
- Whole diet
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Relative validity of a semi-quantitative, web-based FFQ used in the 'Snart Forældre' cohort - a Danish study of diet and fertility. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:1027-34. [PMID: 26235206 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative validity of a semi-quantitative, web-based FFQ completed by female pregnancy planners in the Danish 'Snart Forældre' study. DESIGN We validated a web-based FFQ based on the FFQ used in the Danish National Birth Cohort against a 4 d food diary (FD) and assessed the relative validity of intakes of foods and nutrients. We compared means and medians of intakes, and calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and de-attenuated coefficients to assess agreement between the two methods. We also calculated the proportion correctly classified based on the same or adjacent quintile of intake and the proportion of grossly misclassified (extreme quintiles). SETTING Participants (n 128) in the 'Snart Forældre' study who had completed the web-based FFQ were invited to participate in the validation study. SUBJECTS Participants in the 'Snart Forældre' study, in total ninety-seven women aged 20-42 years. RESULTS Reported intakes of dairy products, vegetables and potatoes were higher in the FFQ compared with the FD, whereas reported intakes of fruit, meat, sugar and beverages were lower in the FFQ than in the FD. Overall the de-attenuated correlation coefficients were acceptable, ranging from 0·33 for energy to 0·93 for vitamin D. The majority of the women were classified in the same or adjacent quintile and few women were misclassified (extreme quintiles). CONCLUSION The web-based FFQ performs well for ranking women of reproductive age according to high or low intake of foods and nutrients and, thus, provides a solid basis for investigating associations between diet and fertility.
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Farooqi N, Slinde F, Håglin L, Sandström T. Assessment of energy intake in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a doubly labeled water method study. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:518-24. [PMID: 25923480 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To maintain energy balance, reliable methods for assessing energy intake and expenditure should be used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to validate the diet history and 7-day food diary methods of assessing energy intake (EI) using total energy expenditure (TEE) with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method (TEEDLW) as the criterion method in outpatient women with COPD. METHODS EI was assessed by diet history (EIDH) and a 7-day food diary (EIFD) in 19 women with COPD, using TEEDLW as the criterion method. The three methods were compared using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. The participants were classified according to their reporting status (EI/TEE) as valid-reporters 0.79-1.21, under-reporters < 0.79 or over-reporters > 1.21. RESULTS Diet history underestimated reported EI by 28%, and 7-day food diary underestimated EI by approximately 20% compared with TEEDLW. The ICC analysis showed weak agreement between TEEDLW and EIDH (ICC=-0.01; 95%CI-0.10 to 0.17) and between TEEDLW and EIFD (ICC=0.11; 95%CI -0.16 to 0.44). The Bland-Altman plots revealed a slight systematic bias for both methods. For diet history, six women (32%) were identified as valid-reporters, and for the 7-day food diary, twelve women (63%) were identified as valid-reporters. The accuracy of reported EI was only related to BMI. CONCLUSION The diet history and 7-day food diary methods underestimated energy intake in women with COPD compared with the DLW method. Individuals with higher BMIs are prone to underreporting. Seven-day food diaries should be used with caution in assessing EI in women with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farooqi
- Nighat Farooqi, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85, Umea, Sweden; tel. + 46 90 7852269; fax. + 49 90 773817;e-mail:
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Groth MV, Sørensen MR, Matthiessen J, Fagt S, Landvad N, Knudsen VK. Disparities in dietary habits and physical activity in Denmark and trends from 1995 to 2008. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:611-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494814547668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To examine social disparities in dietary-, alcohol- and leisure-time physical activity habits in Danish adults from 1995 to 2008 and to test the hypothesis of widening disparities. Methods: Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of the Danish population aged 20–75 years were analysed, a total of 7900 respondents. Dietary and alcohol habits were measured by a 7-day pre-coded food diary and physical activity and education by a face-to-face interview. Multivariate analyses were used to test associations between explanatory variables and response variables and the hypothesis of widening disparities. Results: In all analyses, both diet quality and physical inactivity differed systematically with educational group and with healthier habits for the group with long education. Only for alcohol habits was an opposite social gradient seen. Disparities persisted over all time periods. The analyses using “The Concentration Index” did not change any of the conclusions. Gender also influenced diet quality. Men had dietary and alcohol habits furthest away from the guidelines. A trend of healthier habits was also found over the time period. Conclusions: Social disparities in diet quality and leisure-time physical activity were seen for all examined time periods and with no significant change. Therefore, there is no support to the hypothesis of widening social disparities. In all educational groups some improvement of dietary habits was found, especially for those foods where comprehensive initiatives had taken place. However, social disparities still exist. There is an ongoing need to address these disparities in order to reduce social inequality in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Velsing Groth
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Rosenlund Sørensen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Landvad
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Validation of a pre-coded food diary used among 60-80 year old men: comparison of self-reported energy intake with objectively recorded energy expenditure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102029. [PMID: 25019949 PMCID: PMC4096592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate energy intake (EI) estimated from a pre-coded food diary (PFD) against energy expenditure (EE) measured with a valid physical activity monitor (SenseWear Pro3 Armband) and to evaluate whether misreporting was associated with overweight/obesity in a group of elderly men. Methods Forty-seven healthy Norwegian men, 60–80 years old, completed the study. As this study was part of a larger intervention study, cross-sectional data were collected at both baseline and post-test. Participants recorded their food intake for four consecutive days using food diaries and wore SenseWear Pro3 Armband (SWA) during the same period. Only participants with complete data sets at both baseline and post-test were included in the study. Results The group average EI was 17% lower at baseline and 18% lower at post-test compared to measured EE. Mean difference from Bland-Altman plot for EI and EE was −1.5 MJ/day (±1.96 SD: −7.0, 4.0 MJ/day) at baseline and −1.6 MJ/day (−6.6, 3.4 MJ/day) at post-test. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.54, p = 0.018) at baseline and 0.34 (0.06, 0.57, p = 0.009) at post-test. Higher values of underreporting was shown among overweight/obese compared to normal weight participants at both baseline and post-test (p≤ 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The results indicate that the PFD could be a useful tool for estimating energy intake in normal weight elderly men. On the other hand, the PFD seems to be less suitable for estimating energy intake in overweight/obese elderly men.
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Dietary effects of introducing school meals based on the New Nordic Diet - a randomised controlled trial in Danish children. The OPUS School Meal Study. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1967-76. [PMID: 24709026 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (NND)) School Meal Study investigated the effects on the intake of foods and nutrients of introducing school meals based on the principles of the NND covering lunch and all snacks during the school day in a cluster-randomised cross-over design. For two 3-month periods, 834 Danish children aged 8-11 years from forty-six school classes at nine schools received NND school meals or their usual packed lunches brought from home (control) in random order. The whole diet of the children was recorded over seven consecutive days using a validated Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children. The NND resulted in higher intakes of potatoes (130 %, 95 % CI 2·07, 2·58), fish (48 %, 95 % CI 1·33, 1·65), cheese (25 %, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·36), vegetables (16 %, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·21), eggs (10 %, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19) and beverages (6 %, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·09), and lower intakes of bread (13 %, 95 % CI 0·84, 0·89) and fats (6 %, 95 % CI 0·90, 0·98) were found among the children during the NND period than in the control period (all, P< 0·05). No difference was found in mean energy intake (P= 0·4), but on average children reported 0·9 % less energy intake from fat and 0·9 % higher energy intake from protein during the NND period than in the control period. For micronutrient intakes, the largest differences were found for vitamin D (42 %, 95 % CI 1·32, 1·53) and iodine (11 %, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·15) due to the higher fish intake. In conclusion, the present study showed that the overall dietary intake at the food and nutrient levels was improved among children aged 8-11 years when their habitual packed lunches were replaced by school meals following the principles of the NND.
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Identifying dietary patterns and associated health-related lifestyle factors in the adult Danish population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:736-40. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martin J, Geisel T, Maresch C, Krieger K, Stein J. Inadequate nutrient intake in patients with celiac disease: results from a German dietary survey. Digestion 2014; 87:240-6. [PMID: 23751356 DOI: 10.1159/000348850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). Research has been carried out in various countries into the nutritional adequacy of the GFD in terms of macro- and micronutrients, mostly presenting conflicting results. However, no data for Germany are available to date. AIM To elucidate the nutritional composition of a GFD and to compare it with non-GFD in a representative German non-CD population. METHODS AND PATIENTS A total of 1,000 patients who were members of the German Celiac Society (DZG) were invited to fill out a prospective 7-day food diary and a questionnaire. Data from 88 patients aged 14-80 years were analyzed and compared to the DACH reference values and to data from the German National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NVS II). RESULTS No significant difference was observed for the intake of energy and macronutrients in male celiac patients compared to the NVS II. Only the fiber intake of male patients was significantly lower than that of the general population. Female patients, however, showed a significantly higher fat intake, but lower carbohydrate consumption. The average daily micronutrient intake of male and female patients, specifically of vitamin B1, B2, B6, folic acid, magnesium and iron, was significantly lower in celiac patients compared to the NVS II. CONCLUSION This study reveals inadequate nutrient intake by male and female celiac patients in Germany. Based on our findings, regular (laboratory) monitoring of celiac patients should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martin
- Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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Biltoft-Jensen A, Hjorth MF, Trolle E, Christensen T, Brockhoff PB, Andersen LF, Tetens I, Matthiessen J. Comparison of estimated energy intake using Web-based Dietary Assessment Software with accelerometer-determined energy expenditure in children. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:21434. [PMID: 24358037 PMCID: PMC3867750 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) project carried out a school meal study to assess the impact of a New Nordic Diet (NND). The random controlled trial involved 834 children aged 8-11 in nine local authority schools in Denmark. Dietary assessment was carried out using a program known as WebDASC (Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children) to collect data from the children. OBJECTIVE To compare the energy intake (EI) of schoolchildren aged 8-11 estimated using the WebDASC system against the total energy expenditure (TEE) as derived from accelerometers worn by the children during the same period. A second objective was to evaluate the WebDASC's usability. DESIGN Eighty-one schoolchildren took part in what was the pilot study for the OPUS project, and they recorded their total diet using WebDASC and wore an accelerometer for two periods of seven consecutive days: at baseline, when they ate their usual packed lunches and at intervention when they were served the NND. EI was estimated using WebDASC, and TEE was calculated from accelerometer-derived activity energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, and diet-induced thermogenesis. WebDASC's usability was assessed using a questionnaire. Parents could help their children record their diet and answer the questionnaire. RESULTS Evaluated against TEE as derived from the accelerometers worn at the same time, the WebDASC performed just as well as other traditional methods of collecting dietary data and proved both effective and acceptable with children aged 8-11, even with perhaps less familiar foods of the NND. CONCLUSIONS WebDASC is a useful method that provided a reasonably accurate measure of EI at group level when compared to TEE derived from accelerometer-determined physical activity in children. WebDASC will benefit future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mads F. Hjorth
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Tue Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Per B. Brockhoff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene F. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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Relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake in 4- to 14-year-old Danish children. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e38. [PMID: 25191588 PMCID: PMC4153308 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative association between sleep duration and BMI has been observed in children. However, knowledge about the association between sleep duration and diet is limited. The objective was to examine the association between sleep duration and intake of foods and nutrients in children. In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake and sleep duration were recorded by the parents for seven consecutive days in a food and sleep record in a representative sample of 802 4- to 14-year-old children. No sex differences were found regarding age and sleep duration. Sleep duration was negatively correlated to age (ρ = -0·68; P < 0·001) and BMI (ρ = -0·41; P < 0·001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake (b = -0·015; P = 0·20), but there was a trend towards a positive association with intake of dietary fibre (b = 0·006; P = 0·05) and vegetables (b = 0·011; P = 0·05), and a negative association with intake of poultry (b = -0·002; P = 0·02), and a trend towards a negative association with intake of liquid 'discretionary calories' (b = -0·01; P = 0·05). Furthermore, in a comparison of dietary intake between age-dependent tertiles of sleep duration, only intake of liquid 'discretionary calories' was significantly lower in long sleepers than in short and medium sleepers (P = 0·03). In conclusion, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake and the proposal that children with short sleep duration have less healthy eating habits than children with longer sleep duration was only weakly supported by the present findings.
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Frediani JK, Tukvadze N, Sanikidze E, Kipiani M, Hebbar G, Easley KA, Shenvi N, Ramakrishnan U, Tangpricha V, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR. A culture-specific nutrient intake assessment instrument in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:1023-8. [PMID: 23541173 PMCID: PMC3706571 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM To develop and evaluate a culture-specific nutrient intake assessment tool for use in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Tbilisi, Georgia. METHODS We developed an instrument to measure food intake over 3 consecutive days using a questionnaire format. The tool was then compared to 24 h food recalls. Food intake data from 31 subjects with TB were analyzed using the Nutrient Database System for Research (NDS-R) dietary analysis program. Paired t-tests, Pearson correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the agreement between the two methods of dietary intake for calculated nutrient intakes. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficient for mean daily caloric intake between the 2 methods was 0.37 (P = 0.04) with a mean difference of 171 kcals/day (p = 0.34). The ICC was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.03-0.64) suggesting the within-patient variability may be larger than between-patient variability. Results for mean daily intake of total fat, total carbohydrate, total protein, retinol, vitamins D and E, thiamine, calcium, sodium, iron, selenium, copper, and zinc between the two assessment methods were also similar. CONCLUSIONS This novel nutrient intake assessment tool provided quantitative nutrient intake data from TB patients. These pilot data can inform larger studies in similar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Frediani
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nestani Tukvadze
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Maia Kipiani
- National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gautam Hebbar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kirk A. Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Neeta Shenvi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Henry M. Blumberg
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Thomas R. Ziegler
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, Christiansen S, Boberg J, Axelstad M, Herrmann SS, Poulsen ME, Hass U. Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative dietary exposure of the population of Denmark to endocrine disrupting pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Little is known about dietary patterns on weekdays and weekend days in children, and the aim of the present study was to investigate 4–14-year-old children's dietary patterns specifically on weekdays (Monday–Thursday) and weekend days (Saturday–Sunday). Dietary data were derived from the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity 2003–8, where a total of 784 children aged 4–14 years completed a 7 d pre-coded food record. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns in the age groups 4–6, 7–10 and 11–14 years. Consistently, two dietary patterns, labelled ‘processed’ and ‘health conscious’, emerged on both weekdays and weekend days. Factor scores from corresponding dietary patterns were significantly correlated between weekdays and weekend days with the exception of the ‘health conscious’ pattern in the 7–10-year-olds. Within each age group, children with high agreement for the ‘processed’ pattern had a significantly higher dietary energy density, which was reflected in significantly higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, compared with children with high agreement for the ‘health conscious’ pattern (P< 0·05). Moreover, these variables indicated less healthy dietary intakes on weekend days than on weekdays for both patterns. In conclusion, two distinct dietary patterns, labelled ‘processed’ and ‘health conscious’, were identified on both weekdays and weekend days for each age group. While overall major dietary patterns may somewhat track between weekdays and weekends, the specific foods actually eaten became less healthy during weekends.
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