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Angelini G, Russo S, Mingrone G. Incretin hormones, obesity and gut microbiota. Peptides 2024; 178:171216. [PMID: 38636809 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, reaching epidemic proportions. By 2030 the number of people affected by obesity will reach 1.12 billion worldwide. Gastrointestinal hormones, namely incretins, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities. GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which are secreted from the intestine after nutrient intake and stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, influence lipid metabolism, gastric empting, appetite and body weight. The gut microbiota plays an important role in various metabolic conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes and influences host metabolism through the interaction with enteroendocrine cells that modulate incretins secretion. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole, directly stimulate the release of incretins from colonic enteroendocrine cells influencing host satiety and food intake. Moreover, bariatric surgery and incretin-based therapies are associated with increase gut bacterial richness and diversity. Understanding the role of incretins, gut microbiota, and their metabolites in regulating metabolic processes is crucial to develop effective strategies for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Russo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Liow YJ, Kamimura I, Umezaki M, Suda W, Takayasu L. Dietary fiber induces a fat preference associated with the gut microbiota. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305849. [PMID: 38985782 PMCID: PMC11236109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior is essential to human health. However, whether future eating behavior is subjected to the conditioning of preceding dietary composition is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on subsequent nutrient-specific food preferences between palatable high-fat and high-sugar diets and explore its correlation with the gut microbiota. C57BL/6NJcl male mice were subjected to a 2-week dietary intervention and fed either a control (n = 6) or inulin (n = 6) diet. Afterward, all mice were subjected to a 3-day eating behavioral test to self-select from the simultaneously presented high-fat and high-sugar diets. The test diet feed intakes were recorded, and the mice's fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition. The inulin-conditioned mice exhibited a preference for the high-fat diet over the high-sugar diet, associated with distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the inulin-conditioned and control mice. The gut microbiota Oscillospiraceae sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Clostridiales sp. positively correlated with a preference for fat. Further studies with fecal microbiota transplantation and eating behavior-related neurotransmitter analyses are warranted to establish the causal role of gut microbiota on host food preferences. Food preferences induced by dietary intervention are a novel observation, and the gut microbiome may be associated with this preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia Liow
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuka Kamimura
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lena Takayasu
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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Tan F, Zhou X, Ren L, Kong CS. Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantatum HFY11 on Colitis in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1496. [PMID: 38790796 PMCID: PMC11120446 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential impact of the intervention of Lactiplantibacillus plantatum HFY11 (LP-HFY11) on colitis using in vivo animal trials. The impact of LP-HFY11 intervention on colitis was determined by measuring the levels of relevant indicators in the intestine, colon, and blood after oxazolone-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. The results of the trial show that LP-HFY11 improved the colon weight-to-length ratio, reduced the colitis-induced colon length shortening, and reduced colonic abstinence. Furthermore, it decreased the levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde activities while increasing the glutathione content in the colon tissue of colitis-affected animals. LP-HFY11 lowered the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level and increased the IL-2 level in the serum of colitis mice. LP-HFY11 also upregulated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, c-Kit, and stem cell factor (SCF), and downregulated the expression of IL-8, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colon tissue of mice with colitis. LP-HFY11 decreased the expression of Firmicutes in the gut while increasing the expression of Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus. This indicates that LP-HFY11 could control physiological alterations in the serum and colon tissue, as well as the expression of gut microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Lixuan Ren
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Bioscience, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea; (F.T.); (X.Z.); (L.R.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Iddrisu I, Monteagudo-Mera A, Poveda C, Shahzad M, Walton GE, Andrews SC. A review of the effect of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of children in developing countries and the impact of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38586996 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Iron is essential for many physiological functions of the body, and it is required for normal growth and development. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common form of micronutrient malnutrition and is particularly prevalent in infants and young children in developing countries. Iron supplementation is considered the most effective strategy to combat the risk of ID and ID anaemia (IDA) in infants, although iron supplements cause a range of deleterious gut-related problems in malnourished children. The purpose of this review is to assess the available evidence on the effect of iron supplementation on the gut microbiota during childhood ID and to further assess whether prebiotics offer any benefits for iron supplementation. Prebiotics are well known to improve gut-microbial health in children, and recent reports indicate that prebiotics can mitigate the adverse gut-related effects of iron supplementation in children with ID and IDA. Thus, provision of prebiotics alongside iron supplements has the potential for an enhanced strategy for combatting ID and IDA among children in the developing world. However, further understanding is required before the benefit of such combined treatments of ID in nutritionally deprived children across populations can be fully confirmed. Such enhanced understanding is of high relevance in resource-poor countries where ID, poor sanitation and hygiene, alongside inadequate access to good drinking water and poor health systems, are serious public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishawu Iddrisu
- Rose Ward, Prospect Park Hospital, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, RG30 4EJ, UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EX, UK
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Muhammed Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Simon C Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6EX, UK
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Charitos IA, Aliani M, Tondo P, Venneri M, Castellana G, Scioscia G, Castellaneta F, Lacedonia D, Carone M. Biomolecular Actions by Intestinal Endotoxemia in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2841. [PMID: 38474087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with or without impairing both glucose tolerance and fasting blood sugar), and inflammation. In the last 10 years, there has been a progressive interest through scientific research investigations conducted in the field of metabolomics, confirming a trend to evaluate the role of the metabolome, particularly the intestinal one. The intestinal microbiota (IM) is crucial due to the diversity of microorganisms and their abundance. Consequently, IM dysbiosis and its derivate toxic metabolites have been correlated with MetS. By intervening in these two factors (dysbiosis and consequently the metabolome), we can potentially prevent or slow down the clinical effects of the MetS process. This, in turn, may mitigate dysregulations of intestinal microbiota axes, such as the lung axis, thereby potentially alleviating the negative impact on respiratory pathology, such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the biomolecular mechanisms through which the IM influences the host's metabolism via a dysbiosis metabolome in both normal and pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, we seek to provide a description of the knowledge to date of the IM and its metabolome and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between the functions of the IM and the pathophysiology of major metabolic diseases via local and systemic metabolome's relate endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- School of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Bari (Aldo Moro), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Mirrafiei A, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Total and different dietary fiber subtypes and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Food Funct 2023; 14:10667-10680. [PMID: 37997693 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the association between dietary fiber and the risk of mortality. We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to November 2022 to find prospective cohort studies of the relationship between total and subtypes of dietary fiber and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), and cancer mortality in the general population. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 28 studies with 1 613 885 participants were included. Higher intake of total and subtypes of dietary fiber including cereal, vegetable, legume, soluble, and insoluble fiber, but not fruit fiber, was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, with HRs ranging from 0.77 for insoluble fiber to 0.93 for legume fiber. Similar findings were observed for CVD mortality, where higher intake of total and all subtypes of dietary fiber was each associated with a lower risk. Higher intake of total, cereal, vegetable, and insoluble fiber was also associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality. No association was found between the intake of fruit, legume, and soluble fiber and cancer mortality. Dose-response meta-analyses suggested an inverse association between total fiber intake and the risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The certainty of evidence was rated moderate for the association of total fiber with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential advantages of consuming a wide range of dietary fiber subtypes against all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Registry and registry number: PROSPERO (CRD42021226816).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mirrafiei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No. 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St, Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No. 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St, Keshavarz Blvd, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmad J, Khan I, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The gut microbiome in the fight against obesity: The potential of dietary factors. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23258. [PMID: 37843880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300864rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity as a global public health burden has experienced a drastic growing trend recently. The management of obesity is challenging because of its complex etiology, and various factors are involved in its development, such as genetic and environmental factors. Different approaches are available to treat and/or manage obesity, including diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. However, some of these approaches have inherent limitations and are closely associated with adverse effects. Therefore, probing into a novel/safe approach to treat and/or manage obesity is of fundamental importance. One such approach gaining renewed interest is the potential role of gut microbiota in obesity and its effectiveness in treating this condition. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive compilation of data on the potential role of the gut microbiome in obesity, particularly regarding dietary factors as a therapeutic approach. Therefore, this review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of gut microbiota in obesity, further highlighting the importance of dietary factors, particularly diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, as potential complementary and/or alternative therapeutic options. Moreover, the association of gut microbiota with obese or lean individuals has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Fallah F, Mahdavi R. Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237882. [PMID: 37929031 PMCID: PMC10622781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, a multifactorial disorder with pandemic dimensions, is conceded a major culprit of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating efficient therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are considered promising adjuvant/complementary approaches for weight management in individuals with obesity who have low adherence to conventional treatments. Current literature supports the weight-reducing efficacy of pro/pre/synbiotics or L-carnitine; however, the superiority of the nutraceutical joint supplementation approach over common single therapies to counter obesity and accompanying comorbidities is well documented. This study was designed to assess the effects of L-carnitine single therapy compared with L-carnitine and multistrain/multispecies synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indicators in women with obesity. Methods The current placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 46 women with obesity, randomly allocated to either concomitant supplementation [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + multistrain/multispecies synbiotic (1 capsule/day)] or monotherapy [L-carnitine tartrate (2 × 500 mg/day) + maltodextrin (1 capsule/day)] groups for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups received healthy eating dietary advice. Results Anthropometric, lipid, and glycemic indices significantly improved in both intervention groups; however, L-carnitine + synbiotic co-administration elicited a greater reduction in the anthropometric measures including body mass index (BMI), body weight, and neck, waist, and hip circumferences (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.012, and =0.030, respectively) after adjusting for probable confounders. Moreover, L-carnitine + synbiotic joint supplementation resulted in a greater reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (though marginal), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and more increment in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; p = 0.014, 0.051, 0.024, and 0.019, respectively) compared with the L-carnitine + placebo monosupplementation. No significant intergroup changes were found for the lipid profile biomarkers, except for a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (HDL-C) in the L-carnitine + synbiotic group (p = 0.009). Conclusion L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation was more beneficial in ameliorating anthropometric indices as well as some cardiometabolic parameters compared with L-carnitine single therapy, suggesting that it is a promising adjuvant approach to ameliorate obesity or associated metabolic complications through potential synergistic or complementary mechanisms. Further longer duration clinical trials in a three-group design are demanded to verify the complementary or synergistic mechanisms. Clinical trial registration www.irct.ir, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20080904001197N13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Shagdarova B, Konovalova M, Varlamov V, Svirshchevskaya E. Anti-Obesity Effects of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3967. [PMID: 37836016 PMCID: PMC10575173 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of obese people in the world is rising, leading to an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. The search for medications including natural compounds for the prevention of obesity is an urgent task. Chitosan polysaccharide obtained through the deacetylation of chitin, and its derivatives, including short-chain oligosaccharides (COS), have hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. Chemical modifications of chitosan can produce derivatives with increased solubility under neutral conditions, making them potential therapeutic substances for use in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Multiple studies both in animals and clinical trials have demonstrated that chitosan improves the gut microbiota, restores intestinal barrier dysfunction, and regulates thermogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the effect of chitosan is rather mild, especially if used for a short periods, and is mostly independent of chitosan's physical characteristics. We hypothesized that the major mechanism of chitosan's anti-obesity effect is its flocculant properties, enabling it to collect the chyme in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitating the removal of extra food. This review summarizes the results of the use of COS, chitosan, and its derivatives in obesity control in terms of pathways of action and structural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balzhima Shagdarova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mariya Konovalova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valery Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
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Colletti A, Pellizzato M, Cicero AF. The Possible Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Inflammation: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2160. [PMID: 37764004 PMCID: PMC10535592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine balance between symbiotic and potentially opportunistic and/or pathogenic microorganisms can undergo quantitative alterations, which, when associated with low intestinal biodiversity, could be responsible for the development of gut inflammation and the so-called "intestinal dysbiosis". This condition is characterized by the disbalance of a fine synergistic mechanism involving the mucosal barrier, the intestinal neuroendocrine system, and the immune system that results in an acute inflammatory response induced by different causes, including viral or bacterial infections of the digestive tract. More frequently, however, dysbiosis is induced slowly and subtly by subliminal causal factors, resulting in a chronic condition related to different diseases affecting the digestive tract and other organs and apparatuses. Studies on animal models, together with studies on humans, highlight the significant role of the gut microbiota and microbiome in the occurrence of inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); neurodegenerative, urologic, skin, liver, and kidney pathologies; and premature aging. The blood translocation of bacterial fragments has been found to be one of the processes linked to gut dysbiosis and responsible for the possible occurrence of "metabolic endotoxemia" and systemic inflammation, associated with an increased risk of oxidative stress and related diseases. In this context, supplementation with different probiotic strains has been shown to restore gut eubiosis, especially if administered in long-term treatments. The aim of this review is to describe the anti-inflammatory effects of specific probiotic strains observed in clinical trials and the respective indications, highlighting the differences in efficacy depending on strain, formulation, time and duration of treatment, and dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
| | - Marzia Pellizzato
- Italian Society of Nutraceutical Formulators (SIFNut), 31033 Treviso, Italy
| | - Arrigo Francesco Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS AOUBO, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Ismail HM, Spall M, Evans-Molina C, DiMeglio LA. Evaluating the effect of prebiotics on the gut microbiome profile and β cell function in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:150. [PMID: 37626387 PMCID: PMC10463339 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data show that disturbances in the gut microbiota play a role in glucose homeostasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and progression. The prebiotic high amylose maize starch (HAMS) alters the gut microbiome profile and metabolites favorably with an increase in bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have significant anti-inflammatory effects. HAMS also improves glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and secretion in healthy non-diabetic adults. Additionally, a recent study testing an acetylated and butyrylated form of HAMS (HAMS-AB) that further increases SCFA production prevented T1D in a rodent model without adverse safety effects. The overall objective of this human study will be to assess how daily HAMS-AB consumption impacts the gut microbiome profile, SCFA production, β cell heath, function, and glycemia as well as immune responses in newly diagnosed T1D youth. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We hypothesize that HAMS-AB intake will improve the gut microbiome profile, increase SCFA production, improve β cell health, function and glycemia as well as modulate the immune system. We describe here a pilot, randomized crossover trial of HAMS-AB in 12 newly diagnosed T1D youth, ages 11-17 years old, with residual β cell function. In Aim 1, we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on the gut microbiome profile and SCFA production; in Aim 2, we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on β cell health, function and glycemia; and in Aim 3, we will determine the peripheral blood effect of HAMS-AB on frequency, phenotype and function of specific T cell markers. Results will be used to determine the effect-size estimate of using HAMS-AB. We anticipate beneficial effects from a simple, inexpensive, and safe dietary approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Institutional Review Board at Indiana University approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed pediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04114357; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive | MS 2053, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Maria Spall
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive | MS 2053, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive | MS 2053, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Yu D, Zhu L, Gao M, Yin Z, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Zhan X. A Comparative Study of the Effects of Whole Cereals and Refined Cereals on Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:2847. [PMID: 37569116 PMCID: PMC10418403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are one of the most important foods on which human beings rely to sustain basic life activities and are closely related to human health. This study investigated the effects of different steamed buns on intestinal microbiota. Three steamed buns were prepared using refined flour (RF), 1:1 mixed flour (MF), and whole wheat flour (WF). In vitro digestion simulations were conducted using a bionic gastrointestinal reactor (BGR) to examine their influence on intestinal microbiota. The results showed that at 0.5% addition, butyric acid and short-chain fatty acids in WF were significantly different from those in RF and MF (p < 0.05). WF also promoted the proliferation of beneficial microbiota, such as Megamonas and Subdoligranulum. At 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% additions of WF, acetic acid and short-chain fatty acids at 1.5% WF increased by 1167.5% and 11.4% from 0.5% WF, respectively, and by 20.2% and 7.6% from 1.0% WF, respectively. WF also promoted the proliferation of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides and inhibited the growth of pathogenic microbiota, such as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella. These findings support the consumption of whole cereals and offer insights into the development of new functional foods derived from wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
- A & F Biotech. Ltd., Burnaby, BC V5A 3P6, Canada
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.G.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Li M, Zhang Z, Yu B, Jia S, Cui B. Lycium barbarum Oligosaccharides Alleviate Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081617. [PMID: 37107413 PMCID: PMC10138177 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) can promote the development of hepatic steatosis by altering the structure and composition of gut flora. In this study, the potential therapeutic mechanism of Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide (LBO) against hepatic steatosis was investigated by analyzing the changes in the intestinal flora and metabolites in mice. Mice on an HFD were administered LBO by gavage once daily for a continuous period of eight weeks. Compared with the HFD group, the levels of triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum, and hepatic TG were significantly reduced in the LBO group, and liver lipid accumulation was obviously improved. In addition, LBO could regulate the HFD-induced alteration of intestinal flora. The HFD increased the proportion of Barnesiellaceae, Barnesiella, and CHKCI001. LBO increased the proportion of Dubosiella, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus. LBO also altered the fecal metabolic profile. Significantly different metabolites between LBO and the HFD, such as taurochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate, fluvastatin, and kynurenic acid, were related to the cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolic pathways. In light of the above, LBO can alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD by modulating the components of the intestinal flora and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Siqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China
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Micic D, Polovina S, Micic D, Macut D. OBESITY AND GUT-BRAIN AXIS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2023; 19:234-240. [PMID: 37908875 PMCID: PMC10614596 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2023.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemic of obesity is ongoing and did not slow down. Causes of obesity are numerous and very complex. Among them, the concept of bidirectional signaling within the brain-gut-microbiome axis was recently proposed as possible pathophysiological mechanism and become a hot topic in the explanations for the control of food intake. Discoveries of new anti-obesity drugs that are analogs for the receptors for some hormones derived from gastrointestinal tract contribute to the investigations in this area. The human gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in human health and disease and it is considered that it represent an endocrine organ that participate in energy homeostasis and host immunity. Role of gut microbiome has been investigated in metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut microbiome participate in regulation of various mechanisms inside the gastrointestinal tract due to its production of different bacterial metabolites. In our manuscript we present current knowledge about microbiota in the gut; the relation between gut microbiota and brain; neuroendocrine system and gut-brain axis; immune system and gut-brain axis; endocrine system and gut-brain axis; the role of gut microbiota in obesity development and possible use of gut microbiota for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr. Micic
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts - Department of Medical Sciences, Belgrade
| | - S. Polovina
- University Business Academy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Novi Sad
- University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Belgrade
| | - Du. Micic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine - University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Centre
| | - D. Macut
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine - University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Centre
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Vazquez-Marroquin G, Ochoa-Précoma R, Porchia LM, Pérez-Fuentes R, Nicolás-Toledo L, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. The Effect of Microbiome Therapies on Waist Circumference, a Measure of Central Obesity, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:933-952.e1. [PMID: 36634870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome therapies (probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotics) have been proposed as adjuvants in the control of central obesity; however, their results for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies on central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), and to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies for glycemic parameters (fasting glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FPI], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and insulin resistance [HOMA1-IR]) in patients with T2D. METHODS SCOPUS, Pubmed, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of microbiome therapies on WC up to June 1, 2022. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochran's Q test and quantified using the inconsistency index. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Egger's test and Beggs-Muzamar's test were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS Fifteen reports were included (443 treated and 387 controls). Overall, a significant decrease in WC was found (DM = -0.97 cm; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = -1.74 to -0.20; P = 0.014); however, when stratified by type of microbiome therapy, only probiotics significantly decreased WC (DM = -0.62 cm; 95%CI = -1.00 to -0.24; P = 0.002). No effect was observed for prebiotics and synbiotics. With respect to glycemic parameters, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR significantly decrease with microbiome therapies (P ≤ 0.001). When stratified by the type of therapy, for probiotic treatments, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA1-IR scores decrease (P < 0.001). For prebiotic treatments, HbA1c and FPG (P ≤ 0.001) levels decrease, whereas FPI increased (P = 0.012). Synbiotic treatments were only associated with an increase in FPI (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that using probiotics alone improved WC in patients with T2D. Both probiotics and prebiotics decreased HbA1c and FPG; however, prebiotics and synbiotics resulted in an increase in FPI. The formulation of the therapy (single vs multi) had no difference on the effect.
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Griffin LE, Radhakrishnan S, Pellizzon MA. Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac105. [PMID: 36204330 PMCID: PMC9529224 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content. Objective Two studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared with traditional AIN PDs or GBDs. Methods In study 1, C57Bl/6N mice (n = 75) consumed a GBD [LabDiet 5002 (5002)], 76A, 93G, or 2 PDs with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 d. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice (n = 54) consumed either 2 GBDs (LabDiet 5001 or 5002) or PDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 d. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured. Results The PD with 75 g cellulose and 25 g inulin per 4084 kcals marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (P = 0.0131) and 76A (P = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared with those fed GBDs and soluble-fiber PDs. Soluble-fiber PDs reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose-based PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such as Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia were significantly elevated by soluble-fiber PDs (P ≤ 0.01). Metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs. Conclusions PDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted the microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.
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Yao D, Yu Q, Xu L, Su T, Ma L, Wang X, Wu M, Li Z, Zhang D, Wang C. Wheat supplement with buckwheat affect gut microbiome composition and circulate short-chain fatty acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952738. [PMID: 36147303 PMCID: PMC9486400 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat has beneficial effects on human intestinal health, which is often compounded with wheat to make food. Therefore, the effect of cereals mixture via in vitro fermentation on gut microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were investigated in this study. The mixture of wheat and tartary buckwheat (WT) produced more lactate and acetate, and the mixture of wheat and sweet buckwheat (WE) produced more propionate and butyrate. Compared with wheat (WA), the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria significantly increased, such as Sutterella in WT and Faecalibacterium in WE. Cereals mixture also affected the expression of functional genes, involved in metabolic pathways and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that modulated SCFAs generation. This study provides new insights into the effects of sweet and tartary buckwheat on intestinal function, which is beneficial to applying both types of buckwheat in practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yao
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Di Yao,
| | - Qiaoru Yu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lixue Ma
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Insights into the Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Bio-Frozen Yoghurt Made with Probiotic Strains in Combination with Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers Powder. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Frozen yoghurt is a refreshing and nutritious dessert, with or without the flavour that combines the texture of ice cream and yoghurt. Several previous studies have been conducted on Jerusalem artichoke tubers due to their components, which contain inulin compounds and other nutrients with beneficial properties of fresh yoghurt. However, limited studies explored the potential benefits of the addition of Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder as a fat replacer on the physicochemical properties and survival of probiotics in frozen yoghurt. In this respect, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder (JATP) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% w/w) of the fat source used in the mix as a fat, and sugar replacer in frozen yoghurt production. The microbiological, physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of frozen yoghurt were investigated. Samples with JATP contained viable counts of bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Lactobacillus casei Lc-01 of 7 log cfu/g during 90 days of storage, as compared to the control sample. The highest viability of probiotics was obtained in the sample formulated with 10% JATP. The formulation of frozen yoghurt with JATP increased the acidity and enhanced the overrun. Compared with the control sample, the incorporation of JATP into frozen yoghurt increased the melting resistance, overrun, and viscosity of the frozen yoghurt. The addition of JATP up to 10% significantly increased sensory attributes. Collectively, the study concluded that the enrichment of frozen yoghurt with JATP up to 20% will provide consumers with health benefits and could be introduced to markets as functional frozen yoghurt.
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Chavanelle V, Chanon S, Pinteur C, Loizon E, Vial G, Otero YF, Le Joubioux F, Maugard T, Peltier SL, Sirvent P, Morio B. Impact of TOTUM-63, a fibre and polyphenol rich plant-based composition, on gut and pancreatic hormone secretion in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1797-1807. [PMID: 35618560 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TOTUM-63, a fibre and polyphenol rich plant-based composition, has been demonstrated to significantly improve body weight and glucose homeostasis in animal models of obesity. Our study aimed at exploring whether the mechanisms include modulation of gut (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like petide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY)) and pancreatic (insulin, glucagon) hormones, all important regulators of glucose control, appetite and body weight. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6JRJ mice were assigned to either standard chow (CON), high fat diet (HF, 60% energy from fat) or HF-TOTUM-63 (HF diet 60% supplemented with TOTUM-63 2.7%) for 10 weeks. In vivo glucose homeostasis (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (ipPTT)), glucose-induced portal vein hormone concentration, gut hormone gene expression and protein content as well as enteroendocrine cell contents were assessed at the end of the dietary intervention. The present study evidenced that TOTUM-63 reduced food intake, limited weight gain and improved glucose and pyruvate tolerance of HF-fed animals. This was associated with an increase in PYY content in the colon, an altered pattern of PYY secretion between fasted and glucose-stimulated states, and with a significant improvement in the portal vein concentration of GLP-1, insulin and glucagon, but not GIP and CCK, in response to glucose stimulation. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that TOTUM-63 might have a specific impact on gut L-cells and on the expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY incretins, potentially contributing to the reduced food intake, body weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Inserm U 1042, Laboratoire INSERM U1042, Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2), Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Maugard
- La Rochelle Université - LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | - Béatrice Morio
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France.
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21
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Effect of Ruanjian Xiaoying Granules on Hashimoto Rats with Depression of Liver and Deficiency of Spleen and Effect on Intestinal Microflora. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8221124. [PMID: 35845732 PMCID: PMC9256450 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8221124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Ruanjian Xiaoying Granule, experiments were conducted on the intestinal flora of rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency. 48 SPF grade rats are used as the object, and 12 rats are randomly selected as the normal control group. The Hashimoto rat model of liver depression and spleen deficiency type by drug intervention is constructed by the remaining rats. They are randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group, and the Jinshuibao group. The normal group and model group are given 2 ml of distilled water twice a day, and the traditional Chinese medicine group is given the Ruanjian Xiaoying granule group (12.96 g/kg/day) twice a day. The Jinshuibao capsule is dissolved in water and given orally at a dose of 0.45 g/kg/day twice a day. After 12 weeks of intervention, the effect is evaluated, and the levels of serum TGAb, TPOAb, and bacterial diversity are compared. Experimental results show that Ruanjian Xiaoying granules can promote the regulation of flora levels in Hashimoto rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency.
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Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Properties of Three Probiotics and Their Combination with Prebiotics on GLP-1 Secretion and Type 2 Diabetes Alleviation. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8586843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of global concern characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Many studies found that glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that can alleviate hyperglycemia and T2D. Recently, probiotics and their combination with prebiotics have been found to show great potentials of blood glucose regulation and T2D alleviation. Given the important role of GLP-1 in T2D, screening probiotics with the capacity of promoting GLP-1 secretion is of great help for providing a novel application of T2D treatment. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of three probiotics, namely, Lactobacillus paracasei LC-37 (LC-37), Bifidobacterium animals MN-Gup (MN-Gup), and Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 (BBMN68), and their combination with prebiotics on promoting GLP-1 secretion using NCI-H716 cells. The results showed that LC-37 and MN-Gup could stimulate more GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells, but BBMN68 had no significant effect. Further evaluation suggested that the two combinations of LC-37 with isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and MN-Gup with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) had the best performance on promoting GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Subsequently, the effects of the two combinations on promoting GLP-1 secretion and alleviating T2D were investigated in vivo using high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. The results showed that the two combinations could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve insulin resistance, and modulate serum lipid profiles in HFD/STZ-treated rats. These results will help understand the potential of promoting GLP-1 secretion of LC-37 and MN-Gup and provide theoretical basis for their applications in fermented milk or other foods.
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Li Y, Huang J, Zhang S, Yang F, Zhou H, Song Y, Wang B, Li H. Sodium alginate and galactooligosaccharides ameliorate metabolic disorders and alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:113-122. [PMID: 35718141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (SA) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the metabolism and gut microbiota of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. GOS and SA delayed high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced the epididymal fat and liver indices, and improved the circulating lipid profile. Low- and high-dose GOS reduced weight gain by 48.8 % and 35.3 %, and low- and high-dose SA reduced it by 37.7 % and 34.4 %, respectively. GOS and SA reduced blood glucose concentration, probably by increasing the expression of glucose transporter 4. GOS and SA increased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), reduced the D-lactic acid (D-LA) and lipopolysaccharide concentrations, and reduced the expression of toll-like receptors, consistent with improved intestinal barrier function. GOS and SA also increased the abundance of Bacteroidota, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus; and reduced that of Patescibacteria in the gut. The abundance of Parabacteroides positively correlated with the circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration; that of Lactobacillus negatively correlated with LDL-C, D-LA, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentration; and that of Bifidobacterium positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration, according to Spearman correlation analysis. In conclusion, SA and GOS ameliorate obesity and the associated metabolic disorders in mice, and also modulate their gut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Haolin Zhou
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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Guimarães JT, Almeida PP, Brito ML, Cruz BO, Costa NS, Almeida Ito RV, Mota JC, Bertolo MR, Morais ST, Neto RP, Tavares MIB, Souto F, Bogusz Junior S, Pimentel TC, Stockler-Pinto MB, Freitas MQ, Cruz AG. In vivo functional and health benefits of a prebiotic soursop whey beverage processed by high-intensity ultrasound: Study with healthy Wistar rats. Food Chem 2022; 380:132193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen J, Wei W, Liang C, Ren Y, Geng Y, Chen D, Lai W, Guo H, Deng H, Huang X, Ouyang P. Protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on channel catfish infected by drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105572. [PMID: 35561978 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on channel catfish infected by drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila CW strain was explored by observing the clinical symptoms and histopathology, measuring the cumulative mortality, serum biochemical and non-specific immune indicators, and intestinal microbiota in this study. The cumulative survival rate of the cinnamaldehyde within 14 days was significantly higher than that of the challenge group, which was 70% and 20%, respectively. Compared with the challenge group, the activities of lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the treatment group were increased, while there was no significant difference in catalase activity. Compared with the challenge group, the histopathology results showed that the injury of liver, spleen, and kidney was significantly alleviated after cinnamaldehyde treatment. The results of intestinal microbiota showed that the proportion of Proteobacteria in the challenge group was significantly increased, and the proportion of Aeromonas sp. reached 30% based on the analysis of species classification level. The composition of dominant species in the treatment group was similar to the control group. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde increased the cumulative survival rate of channel catfish infected by A. hydrophila. It could protect channel catfish through improving the non-specific immune function of channel catfish, alleviating the pathological lesions of liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and maintaining the relative balance of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde could be a candidate drug for the treatment of A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Animal Laboratory Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongqiang Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huidan Deng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Qin X, Zhang D, Qiu X, Zhao K, Zhang S, Liu C, Lu L, Cui Y, Shi C, Chen Z, Hao R, Li Y, Yang S, Wang L, Wang H, Cao B, Su H. 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio) Butanoic Acid Isopropyl Ester Supplementation Altered Ruminal and Cecal Bacterial Composition and Improved Growth Performance of Finishing Beef Cattle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:833881. [PMID: 35600827 PMCID: PMC9116427 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.833881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butyrate acid (HMBi) on ruminal and cecal fermentation, microbial composition, nutrient digestibility, plasma biochemical parameters, and growth performance in finishing beef cattle. The experiment was conducted for 120 days by a complete randomized block design. Sixty 24-month-old Angus steers (723.9 ± 11.6 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the flowing three treatments: basal diet (the concentrate: 7.6 kg/head·d-1, the rice straw: ad libitum) supplemented with 0 g/d MetaSmart® (H0), a basal diet supplemented with 15 g/d of MetaSmart® (H15), and a basal diet supplemented with 30 g/d of MetaSmart® (H30). Results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P = 0.004) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with the increasing HMBi supplementation. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration significantly decreased in the H30 group (P < 0.05) compared with H0 or H15. The ruminal pH value tended to increase linearly (P = 0.086) on day 56 with the increased HMBi supplementation. The concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were linearly decreased in the cecum (P < 0.05). The results of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) showed that the abundance of most pathways with a significant difference was higher in the rumen and lower in the cecum in the H30 group compared to the H0 group, and those pathways were mainly related to the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Correlation analysis showed that ADG was positively associated with the ratio of firmicutes/bacteroidetes both in the rumen and cecum. Additionally, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Saccharofermentans, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group, and Ruminococcus_1 was positively correlated with ADG and negatively correlated with FCR and BUN in the rumen. In the cecum, ADG was positively correlated with the abundances of Peptostreptococcaceae, Romboutsia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, and Paeniclostridium, and negatively correlated with the abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides. Overall, these results indicated that dietary supplementation of HMBi can improve the growth performance and the feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle by potentially changing bacterial community and fermentation patterns of rumen and cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianqiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rikang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Mu F, Tang M, Guan Y, Lin R, Zhao M, Zhao J, Huang S, Zhang H, Wang J, Tang H. Knowledge Mapping of the Links Between the Gut Microbiota and Heart Failure: A Scientometric Investigation (2006–2021). Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882660. [PMID: 35571213 PMCID: PMC9095927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is considerable research value and extensive application perspectives to explore the link between gut microbiota and heart failure. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of overall characteristics, evolutionary pathways, frontier research hotspots, and future trends in this field. Methods Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2021. Three different analysis tools including one online platform, VOS viewer V1.6.17.0, and CiteSpace V5.8.R2 software were used in order to conduct collaboration network analysis, co-cited analysis, co-occurring analysis, and citation burst detection. Results A total of 873 publications in the WoSCC database met the requirement. The overall characteristics analysis showed that a steady growth trend in the number of publications and citations, with the predominant literature type being articles and the most frequent subject category being cardiac cardiovascular systems. The United States was the most prolific country and the center of national collaboration. Cleveland Clinic and Nathalie M. Delzenne provided the leading influence with publications, the cooperation between the institutes and authors were relatively weak. Moreover, gut microbiota, heart failure, risk factor, obesity, and inflammation were the keywords that appeared more frequently in the clustering analysis of reference co-citation and keyword co-occurrence. Burst detection analysis of top keywords showed that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acid, blood pressure, hypertension, and fermentation were the new research foci on the association between gut microbiota and heart failure. Strategies to improve gut microbiota hold promise as a new approach to treat heart failure. Conclusion The comprehensive bibliometric study indicates that the structured information may be helpful in understanding research trends in the link between gut microbiota and heart failure, and locating research hotspots and gaps in this domain, especially further advances in this field will lead to significant breakthroughs in the development of novel therapeutic tools for metabolic modulation of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jingwen Wang,
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Haifeng Tang,
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Noye Tuplin EW, Alukic E, Lowry DE, Chleilat F, Wang W, Cho NA, Sampsell K, Sales KM, Mayengbam S, McCoy KD, Reimer RA. Dietary fiber combinations to mitigate the metabolic, microbial, and cognitive imbalances resulting from diet-induced obesity in rats. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22269. [PMID: 35344215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber promotes a healthy gut microbiome and shows promise in attenuating the unfavorable microbial changes resulting from a high-fat/sucrose (HFS) diet. High-fiber diets consisting of oligofructose alone (HFS/O) or in combination with β-glucan (HFS/OB), resistant starch (HFS/OR), or β-glucan and resistant starch (HFS/OBR) were fed to diet-induced obese rats for 8 weeks to determine if these fibers could attenuate the obese phenotype. Only the HFS/O group displayed a decrease in body weight and body fat, but all fiber interventions improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive function. The HFS/O diet was the least effective at improving cognitive function and only the HFS/OB group showed improvements in glucose tolerance, thus highlighting the differential effects of fiber types. Hippocampal cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) were more pronounced in the HFS/OB group which coincided with the most time spend in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. All fiber groups showed an increase in beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance while the HFS group showed higher abundance of Clostridium. Fecal microbiota transplant from fiber-treated rats into germ-free mice did not alter body composition in the mice but did result in a higher abundance of Bacteroides in the HFS/O and HFS/OB groups compared to HFS. The HFS/OB recipient mice also had higher insulin sensitivity compared to the other groups. This study highlights the influence of dietary fiber type on metabolic and cognitive outcomes suggesting that the type of supplementation (single or combined fibers) could be tailored to specific targeted outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna Alukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dana E Lowry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weilan Wang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole A Cho
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kara Sampsell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate M Sales
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Oral and Intestinal Bacterial Substances Associated with Disease Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6839356. [PMID: 35224112 PMCID: PMC8881124 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6839356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacterial compositions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been reported to be different from those of healthy people. Dysbiosis, imbalance of the microbiota, is widely known to cause gut barrier damage, resulting in an influx of bacteria and their substances into host bloodstreams in animal studies. However, few studies have investigated the effect of bacterial substances on the pathophysiology of RA. In this study, eighty-seven active RA patients who had inadequate responses to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or severe comorbidities were analyzed for correlations between many factors such as disease activities, disease biomarkers, intestinal bacterial counts, fecal and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC), and serum antibacterial substance IgG and IgA antibody levels by multiple regression analysis with consideration for demographic factors such as age, sex, smoking, and methotrexate treatment. Serum LBP levels, fecal LPS levels, total bacteria counts, serum anti-LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) IgG antibody levels, and serum anti-Pg-LPS IgA antibody levels were selected for multiple regression analysis using Spearman’s correlation analysis. Serum LBP levels were correlated with disease biomarker levels, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (
), C-reactive protein (
), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (
), and IL-6 (
), and were inversely correlated with hemoglobin (
). Anti-Pg-LPS IgG antibody levels were inversely correlated with activity indices such as patient global assessments using visual analogue scale (VAS) (
) and painVAS (
). Total bacteria counts were correlated with ENC (
), and inversely correlated with serum LPS (
) and anti-Pg-LPS IgA antibody levels (
). These results suggest that substances from oral and gut microbiota may influence disease activity in RA patients.
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Li Y, Xia D, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang H, Huang L, Shen J, Wang S, Feng Y, He D, Wang J, Ye H, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang W. Dietary fibers with different viscosity regulate lipid metabolism via ampk pathway: roles of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101742. [PMID: 35245807 PMCID: PMC8892021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) improves gastrointestinal health and has important associations with the alleviation of intestinal diseases and metabolic syndrome. However, due to DFs complex characteristics, such as solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, the mechanism in these was not consistent. As an herbivore, the goose has a prominent digestive ability to DF. Therefore, we choose low, medium, and high viscosity DFs (respectively resistant starch-3 []RS], inulin [INU], and β–glucan [GLU]) as Magang goose diet treatment for 4 wk, to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of different viscosities DFs on the growth and development process of goose. In summary, three degrees of viscous DFs could decrease the mechanismic lipid level of geese by promoting acid-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, therefore, activating AMPK pathway-related genes through the gut-liver axis. High viscous DF has a greater lipid-lowering effect on geese, while medium viscous DF has preferable intestinal mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Maoming Agriculture & Forestry Technical College, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Danyan He
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Guangdong Haida Group Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Pérez-Monter C, Álvarez-Arce A, Nuño-Lambarri N, Escalona-Nández I, Juárez-Hernández E, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M, Barbero-Becerra VJ. Inulin Improves Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Intestinal Akkermansia Genus Level. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020991. [PMID: 35055177 PMCID: PMC8782000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes in response to a high calorie intake, and it may be related to intestinal microbiota disturbances. The prebiotic inulin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with a high dietary fiber content. Here, we evaluate the effect of inulin on the intestinal microbiota in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Mice exposed to a standard rodent diet or a fat-enriched diet, were supplemented or not, with inulin. Liver histology was evaluated with oil red O and H&E staining and the intestinal microbiota was determined in mice fecal samples by 16S rRNA sequencing. Inulin treatment effectively prevents liver steatosis in the fat-enriched diet group. We also observed that inulin re-shaped the intestinal microbiota at the phylum level, were Verrucomicrobia genus significantly increased in the fat-diet group; specifically, we observed that Akkermansia muciniphila increased by 5-fold with inulin supplementation. The family Prevotellaceae was also significantly increased in the fat-diet group. Overall, we propose that inulin supplementation in liver steatosis-affected animals, promotes a remodeling in the intestinal microbiota composition, which might regulate lipid metabolism, thus contributing to tackling liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Monter
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.P.-M.); (V.J.B.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Arce
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lambarri
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (N.N.-L.); (E.J.-H.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.)
| | - Ivonne Escalona-Nández
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Eva Juárez-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (N.N.-L.); (E.J.-H.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.)
| | - Norberto C. Chávez-Tapia
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (N.N.-L.); (E.J.-H.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.)
| | - Misael Uribe
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (N.N.-L.); (E.J.-H.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.)
| | - Varenka J. Barbero-Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (N.N.-L.); (E.J.-H.); (N.C.C.-T.); (M.U.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.-M.); (V.J.B.-B.)
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Zhang S, Tang Z, Zheng C, Zhong Y, Zheng J, Duan G, Yin Y, Duan Y, Song Z. Dietary Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation Inhibits Hepatic Fat Deposition via Regulating Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010169. [PMID: 35056618 PMCID: PMC8781658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to explore the effects of different dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) levels (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15%) on liver lipid metabolism on Wenshi broiler chickens. Results showed that HMB reduced the liver weight as well as liver concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (quadratically, p < 0.05), and the lowest values were observed in the 0.10% HMB group. Meanwhile, HMB supplementation significantly altered the expression levels of key genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that HMB supplementation could greatly change the richness, diversity, and composition of the broiler gut microbiota, and the Bacteroidetes relative abundance at the phylum level and the Alistipes relative abundance at the genus level were affected (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis further suggested a strong association between Bacteroidetes relative abundance and lipid metabolism-related parameters (p < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that 0.10% HMB supplementation could inhibit hepatic fat deposition via regulating gut microbiota in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (G.D.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zehe Song
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Z.S.)
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Cheng Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Chu H. The critical role of gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1025706. [PMID: 36339448 PMCID: PMC9630587 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic characterized by energy disequilibrium, metabolic disorder, fat mass development, and chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly affects the health state of individuals of all ages and strains the socioeconomic system. The prevalence of obesity is rising at alarming rates and its etiology involves complicated interplay of diet, genetic, and environmental factors. The gut microbiota, as an important constituent of environmental factors, has been confirmed to correlate with the onset and progression of obesity. However, the specific relationship between obesity and the gut microbiota, and its associated mechanisms, have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we have summarized that the microbial diversity was significantly decreased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in obesity. The altered gut microbiota and associated metabolites contributed to the progression of the disease by disrupting energy homeostasis, promoting lipid synthesis and storage, modulating central appetite and feeding behavior, as well as triggering chronic inflammation, and that the intentional manipulation of gut microbiota held promise as novel therapies for obesity, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Yang
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu, ; Ling Yang, ;
| | - Huikuan Chu
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu, ; Ling Yang, ;
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Czarnecka K, Czarnecka P, Tronina O, Bączkowska T, Durlik M. Multidirectional facets of obesity management in the metabolic syndrome population after liver transplantation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:3-21. [PMID: 34598315 PMCID: PMC8669703 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has resulted in an increasing demand for liver transplantation and has significantly altered the profile of liver transplant candidates in addition to affecting posttransplantation outcomes. In this review, we discuss a broad range of clinical approaches that warrant attention to provide comprehensive and patient‐centred medical care to liver transplant recipients, and to be prepared to confront the rapidly changing clinical challenges and ensuing dilemmas. Adipose tissue is a complex and metabolically active organ. Visceral fat deposition is a key predictor of overall obesity‐related morbidity and mortality. Limited pharmacological options are available for the treatment of obesity in the liver transplant population. Bariatric surgery may be an alternative in eligible patients. The rapidly increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global concern; NAFLD affects both pre‐ and posttransplantation outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated pharmacological and nonpharmacological management of NAFLD and some of these have shown promising results. Liver transplant recipients are constantly exposed to numerous factors that result in intestinal microbiota alterations, which were linked to the development of obesity, diabetes type 2, metabolic syndrome (MS), NAFLD, and hepatocellular cancer. Microbiota modifications with probiotics and prebiotics bring gratifying results in the management of metabolic complications. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is successfully performed in many medical indications. However, the safety and efficacy profiles of FMT in immunocompromised patients remain unclear. Obesity together with immunosuppressive treatment, may affect the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties of coadministered medications. Individualized immunosuppressive regimens are recommended following liver transplantation to address possible metabolic concerns. Effective and comprehensive management of metabolic complications is shown to yield multiple beneficial results in the liver transplant population and may bring gratifying results in improving long‐term survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Czarnecka
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Tronina
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Bączkowska
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsa, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhao Q, Hou D, Fu Y, Xue Y, Guan X, Shen Q. Adzuki Bean Alleviates Obesity and Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093240. [PMID: 34579118 PMCID: PMC8466346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adzuki bean consumption has many health benefits, but its effects on obesity and regulating gut microbiota imbalances induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) have not been thoroughly studied. Mice were fed a low-fat diet, a HFD, and a HFD supplemented with 15% adzuki bean (HFD-AB) for 12 weeks. Adzuki bean supplementation significantly reduced obesity, lipid accumulation, and serum lipid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels induced by HFD. It also mitigated liver function damage and hepatic steatosis. In particular, adzuki bean supplementation improved glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity. In addition, it significantly reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalances. Adzuki bean significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B); enriched the occurrence of Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcus_1, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, Muribaculum, Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Lachnoclostridium; and returned HFD-dependent taxa (Desulfovibrionaceae, Bilophila, Ruminiclostridium_9, Blautia, and Ruminiclostridium) back to normal status. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that the changes in gut microbiota induced by adzuki bean supplementation may be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, sulfur, and cysteine and methionine; and LPS biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dianzhi Hou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongxia Fu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (D.H.); (Y.F.); (Y.X.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-7524
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36
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Martín-Núñez GM, Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ, Moreno-Indias I. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:712908. [PMID: 34458288 PMCID: PMC8387937 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.712908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic therapy used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori has been associated with changes in plasma ghrelin and alterations in the gut microbiota. On the other hand, changes in ghrelin levels have been related to changes in gut microbiota composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between changes in the gut microbiota and ghrelin levels in H. pylori infected patients who received antibiotic treatment for its eradication. Methods: A prospective case-control study that included forty H. pylori-positive patients who received eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin) and twenty healthy H. pylori antigen-negative participants. Patients were evaluated, including clinical, anthropometric and dietary variables, before and 2 months after treatment. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq). Results: Changes in gut microbiota profiles and decrease in ghrelin levels were identified after H. pylori eradication treatment. Gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides distasonis, and RS045 have been linked to ghrelin levels fasting and/or post meals. Changes in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, its genus Blautia, as well as Prevotella stercorea, and Megasphaera have been inversely associated with changes in ghrelin after eradication treatment. Conclusions: Eradication treatment for H. pylori produces changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and ghrelin levels. The imbalance between lactate producers such as Blautia, and lactate consumers such as Megasphaera, Lachnospiraceae, or Prevotella, could trigger changes related to ghrelin levels under the alteration of the eradication therapy used for H. pylori. In addition, acetate producing bacteria such as B. longum, Bacteroides, and P. distasonis could also play an important role in ghrelin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Mª Martín-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Yang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Ji B, Wei Y. Advances in the Relationships Between Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Gut Microbiota in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716667. [PMID: 34484158 PMCID: PMC8415629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune response to cow's milk proteins, which is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. It is estimated that 2-3% of infants and young children have CMPA. The diet, gut microbiota, and their interactions are believed to be involved in the alterations of mucosal immune tolerance, which might lead to the development of CMPA and other food allergies. In this review, the potential molecular mechanisms of CMPA, including omics technologies used for analyzing microbiota, impacts of early microbial exposures on CMPA development, and microbiota-host interactions, are summarized. The probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other modulation strategies for gut microbiota and the potential application of microbiota-based design of diets for the CMPA treatment are also discussed. This review not only summarizes the current studies about the interactions of CMPA with gut microbiota but also gives insights into the possible CMPA treatment strategies by modulating gut microbiota, which might help in improving the life quality of CMPA patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jing’an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Jing’an Branch, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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38
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Nagashimada M, Honda M. Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158008. [PMID: 34360773 PMCID: PMC8348401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.
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39
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He N, Wang S, Lv Z, Zhao W, Li S. Low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LMW-COSs) prevent obesity-related metabolic abnormalities in association with the modification of gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:9947-9959. [PMID: 33108433 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01871f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the two enzymatic low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LMW-COSs), LMW-COS-H and LMW-COS-L, were prepared with average MWs of 879.6 Da and 360.9 Da, respectively. Compared to LMW-COS-L, the LMW-COS-H was more effective in improving high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. The subsequent analysis of gut microbiota showed that the supplement of LMW-COSs caused overall structural and genus/species-specific changes in the gut microbiota, which were significantly correlated with the metabolic parameters. Specifically, both of the LMW-COSs significantly decreased the relative abundance of inflammatory bacteria such as Erysipelatoclostridium and Alistipes, whereas that of the beneficial intestinal bacteria (such as Akkermansia and Gammaproteobacteria) increased significantly. This study suggested that there were potential prebiotic functions of LMW-COSs in HFD fed mice, which regulated the dysfunctional gut microbiota, alleviated low-grade inflammation and maintained the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China.
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40
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Sangouni AA, Alizadeh M, Jamalzehi A, Parastouei K. Effects of garlic powder supplementation on metabolic syndrome components, insulin resistance, fatty liver index, and appetite in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4433-4441. [PMID: 33974725 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. It is closely linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Garlic consumption as a strategy for the management of MetS has been suggested. We investigated the effect of garlic supplementation on MetS components, insulin resistance, fatty liver index (FLI), and appetite in subjects with MetS. Ninety subjects were assigned to receive 1,600 mg/d garlic powder or placebo for 3 months. The primary outcomes included MetS components. The secondary outcomes included insulin resistance, FLI, and appetite. Garlic supplementation compared with the placebo led to a significant increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (4.5 vs. -1.8, p < .001) and a significant reduction in waist circumference (-1.3 vs. 0.0, p = .001), diastolic blood pressure (-6.7 vs. 0.0, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (-7.7 vs. 0.5, p < .001), triglyceride (-40.0 vs. 0.1, p < .001), γ-glutamyl transferase (-3.2 vs. 0.6, p = .01), FLI (-5.5 vs. 0.1, p < .001), insulin (-2.9 vs. -1.1, p < .001), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.5 vs. -0.3, p < .001) and appetite (hunger: -11.7 vs. 1.7, p < .001; fullness: 10.0 vs. 0.3, p = .001; desire to eat: -6.7 vs. 2.1, p < .001; and ability to eat: -11.5 vs. -1.0, p < .001). Garlic improves MetS components, insulin resistance, FLI, and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Sangouni
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Atena Jamalzehi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we present recent insights into the role of the gut microbiota on gastrointestinal (GI) peptide secretion and signalling, with a focus on the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is accumulating suggesting that secretion of GI peptides is modulated by commensal bacteria present in our GI tract. Recent data shows that the gut microbiome impacts on ghrelinergic signalling through its metabolites, at the level of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor) and highlights concomitant changes in circulating ghrelin levels with specific gut microbiota changes. However, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota interacts with gut peptide secretion and signalling, including ghrelin, are still largely unknown. SUMMARY The gut microbiota may directly or indirectly influence secretion of the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, similar to the modulation of satiety inducing GI hormones. Although data demonstrating a role of the microbiota on ghrelinergic signalling is starting to emerge, future mechanistic studies are needed to understand the full impact of the microbiota-ghrelin axis on metabolism and central-regulated homeostatic and non-homeostatic controls of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha K. Leeuwendaal
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience
- APC Microbiome, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience
- APC Microbiome, Ireland University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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42
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Obesity, Early Life Gut Microbiota, and Antibiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020413. [PMID: 33671180 PMCID: PMC7922584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem that continues to be one of the leading risk factors for premature death. Early life is a critical period of time when the gut microbiota and host metabolism are developing in tandem and significantly contribute to long-term health outcomes. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, particularly in early life, can have detrimental effects on host health and increase the susceptibility of developing obesity later in life. Antibiotics are an essential lifesaving treatment; however, their use in early life may not be without risk. Antibiotics are a leading cause of intestinal dysbiosis, and early life administration is associated with obesity risk. The following review explores the relevant literature that simultaneously examines antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and obesity risk. Current evidence suggests that disruptions to the composition and maturation of the gut microbiota caused by antibiotic use in early life are a key mechanism linking the association between antibiotics and obesity. Without compromising clinical practice, increased consideration of the long-term adverse effects of antibiotic treatment on host health, particularly when used in early life is warranted. Novel adjunct interventions should be investigated (e.g., prebiotics) to help mitigate metabolic risk when antibiotic treatment is clinically necessary.
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43
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Fu J, Wang Y, Tan S, Wang J. Effects of Banana Resistant Starch on the Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Flora of Obese Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Their Correlation Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:575724. [PMID: 33585429 PMCID: PMC7873301 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.575724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of banana resistant starch (BRS) on obesity-related metabolic and intestinal flora were investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. After 6 weeks of intervention, the glucolipid metabolism index [blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], hormone index [leptin (LEP), insulin (INS), ghrelin, adiponectin (ADP), and thyroxine (T4)], and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were performed for each group to explore the regulating effect of intestinal flora and the mechanism of weight loss in obese rats. The results showed that (1) BRS intervention significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, LEP, and INS (p < 0.01) and increased the contents of ghrelin (p < 0.05) and ADP (p < 0.01). (2) BRS could improve the diversity of intestinal flora and regulate the overall structure of intestinal microorganisms, mainly by upregulating the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and downregulating the relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes (at the phylum level). BRS could inhibit the proliferation of Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella and increase the abundances of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level). (3) Some significant correlations were observed between the gut microbiota and biomarkers. Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella were positively correlated with GLU, TG, TC, LEP, and INS and negatively correlated with ghrelin and ADP. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with GLU, TG, and TC. Conclusion: BRS had promising effects on weight loss, which could be associated with the improvement in host metabolism by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Tan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Klancic T, Laforest-Lapointe I, Wong J, Choo A, Nettleton JE, Chleilat F, Arrieta MC, Reimer RA. Concurrent Prebiotic Intake Reverses Insulin Resistance Induced by Early-Life Pulsed Antibiotic in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010066. [PMID: 33445530 PMCID: PMC7827688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) early in life increases risk of obesity. Prebiotics can reduce fat mass and improve metabolic health. We examined if co-administering prebiotic with PAT reduces obesity risk in rat pups weaned onto a high fat/sucrose diet. Pups were randomized to (1) control [CTR], (2) antibiotic [ABT] (azithromycin), (3) prebiotic [PRE] (10% oligofructose (OFS)), (4) antibiotic + prebiotic [ABT + PRE]. Pulses of antibiotics/prebiotics were administered at d19-21, d28-30 and d37-39. Male and female rats given antibiotics (ABT) had higher body weight than all other groups at 10 wk of age. The PAT phenotype was stronger in ABT males than females, where increased fat mass, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were present and all reversible with prebiotics. Reduced hypothalamic and hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrates and ileal tight junction proteins was seen in males only, explaining their greater insulin resistance. In females, insulin resistance was improved with prebiotics and normalized to lean control. ABT reduced Lactobacillaceae and increased Bacteroidaceae in both sexes. Using a therapeutic dose of an antibiotic commonly used for acute infection in children, PAT increased body weight and impaired insulin production and insulin sensitivity. The effects were reversed with prebiotic co-administration in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Klancic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (I.L.-L.); (M.-C.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jolene Wong
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Ashley Choo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Jodi E. Nettleton
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Faye Chleilat
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (I.L.-L.); (M.-C.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (T.K.); (J.W.); (A.C.); (J.E.N.); (F.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-8218
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45
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He N, Chen H, Zhou Z, Zhao W, Wang S, Lv Z, Liu N, Wang H, Yang Z, Li S. Enzymatically synthesized α-galactooligosaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced mice in association with the modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:4960-4971. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The composition and structure of gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and related metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Wandong Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zizhen Yang
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shangyong Li
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
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46
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Kessoku T, Kobayashi T, Imajo K, Tanaka K, Yamamoto A, Takahashi K, Kasai Y, Ozaki A, Iwaki M, Nogami A, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Kato S, Higurashi T, Hosono K, Yoneda M, Okamoto T, Usuda H, Wada K, Kobayashi N, Saito S, Nakajima A. Endotoxins and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:770986. [PMID: 34777261 PMCID: PMC8586459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It occurs with a prevalence of up to 25%, of which 10-20% cases progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The histopathology of NASH is characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, and endotoxins from gram-negative rods have been postulated as a contributing factor. Elevations in endotoxin levels in the blood can be classified as intestinal and hepatic factors. In recent years, leaky gut syndrome, which is characterized by impaired intestinal barrier function, has become a significant issue. A leaky gut may prompt intestinal bacteria dysbiosis and increase the amount of endotoxin that enters the liver from the portal vein. These contribute to persistent chronic inflammation and progressive liver damage. In addition, hepatic factors suggest that liver damage can be induced by low-dose endotoxins, which does not occur in healthy individuals. In particular, increased expression of CD14, an endotoxin co-receptor in the liver, may result in leptin-induced endotoxin hyper-responsiveness in obese individuals. Thus, elevated blood endotoxin levels contribute to the progression of NASH. The current therapeutic targets for NASH treat steatosis and liver inflammation and fibrosis. While many clinical trials are underway, no studies have been performed on therapeutic agents that target the intestinal barrier. Recently, a randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the role of the intestinal barrier in patients with NAFLD. To our knowledge, this study was the first of its kind and study suggested that the intestinal barrier may be a novel target in the future treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takaomi Kessoku,
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hosono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Chunchai T, Keawtep P, Arinno A, Saiyasit N, Prus D, Apaijai N, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. A combination of an antioxidant with a prebiotic exerts greater efficacy than either as a monotherapy on cognitive improvement in castrated-obese male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1263-1278. [PMID: 32676884 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies by ourselves and others have demonstrated that both obesity and testosterone deprivation have been related to cognitive decline. We have also shown that a prebiotic and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) improved cognitive dysfunction in obese rats and castrated-male rats. However, the effects of NAC, a prebiotic (inulin), and a combination of the two on cognition in castrated-obese rats has never been investigated. The hypothesis was that NAC and inulin attenuated cognitive decline in castrated-obese rats by improving gut dysbiosis, and decreasing oxidative stress, glial activation and apoptosis. Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were fed with either a normal diet (ND: n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD: n = 30) for twenty-eight weeks. The resultant obese rats had a bilateral orchiectomy (ORX) and were randomly divided into five subgroups (n = 6/ subgroup). Each subgroup was treated with one of five therapies: a vehicle; testosterone replacement (2 mg/kg/day); NAC (100 mg/kg); inulin (10%, w/w), or a combination of the NAC and inulin for four weeks. The results demonstrated that castrated-obese rats developed gut dysbiosis, metabolic disturbance, brain pathologies, and cognitive decline. All of the pathological conditions in the brain were ameliorated to an equal extent by testosterone replacement, NAC, and inulin supplementation. Interestingly, a combination of NAC and inulin had the greatest beneficial effect on cognitive function by synergistically reducing hippocampal inflammation and ameliorating glial dysmorphology. These findings suggest that a combination of NAC and inulin may confer the greatest benefits in improving cognitive function in castrated-obese male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Puntarik Keawtep
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Dillon Prus
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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48
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Cheng X, Zheng J, Lin A, Xia H, Zhang Z, Gao Q, Lv W, Liu H. A review: Roles of carbohydrates in human diseases through regulation of imbalanced intestinal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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49
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Schalla MA, Stengel A. Effects of microbiome changes on endocrine ghrelin signaling - A systematic review. Peptides 2020; 133:170388. [PMID: 32846187 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 28-amino acid peptide hormone ghrelin plays a unique role in the gut-brain axis: It is mainly produced peripherally in gastric X/A-like cells but stimulates food intake centrally via hypothalamic nuclei; thus, providing orexigenic communication between the gut and central food intake-regulatory centers. Another component of the gut-brain axis that gained increasing interest in recent years due to its ability to influence central signaling via metabolites is the gut microbiome. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that changes in the microbiome are related to alterations in ghrelin expression, secretion, activation and signaling. Since ghrelin is supposedly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, changes in the microbiome were hypothesized to improve obesity via modulation of ghrelin abundance and receptor interaction. To shed more light on the association between the microbiome and ghrelin a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and Web of science using the search term combination "microbiome AND ghrelin" was performed. As a result of the search, 42 publications were included into this systematic review, of which 30 publications reported preclinical and 12 manuscripts presented clinical data. In addition to a critical analysis of the present data, gaps in knowledge were highlighted in order to foster further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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50
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Wang S, Lv Z, Zhao W, Wang L, He N. Collagen peptide from Walleye pollock skin attenuated obesity and modulated gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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