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Vera Castro MF, Assmann CE, Reichert KP, Coppetti PM, Stefanello N, da Silva AD, Mostardeiro VB, de Jesus LB, da Silveira MV, Schirmann AA, Fracasso M, Maciel RM, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Vitamin D3 mitigates type 2 diabetes induced by a high carbohydrate-high fat diet in rats: Role of the purinergic system. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109602. [PMID: 38373509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of vitamin D3 (VIT D3) supplementation on the enzymatic activities and density of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), ecto-5-nucleotidase (E-5'-NT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), as well as the density of P2 × 7R, P2Y12R, A1R, A2AR receptors, IL-1β, and oxidative parameters in type 2 diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were fed a high carbohydrate-high fat diet (HCHFD) and received an intraperitoneal injection containing a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Animals were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) control/VIT D3 12 µg/kg; 3) diabetic; and 4) diabetic/VIT D3 12 µg/kg. Results show that VIT D3 reduced blood glucose, ATP hydrolysis, ADA activity, P2Y12R density (platelets), as well as ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis and ADA activity (synaptosomes). Moreover, VIT D3 increased insulin levels and AMP hydrolysis (platelets) and improved antioxidant defense. Therefore, we suggest that VIT D3 treatment modulates hyperglycemia-induced changes via purinergic enzymes and receptor expression, consequently attenuating insulin homeostasis dysregulation in the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Coppetti
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Loren Borba de Jesus
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriel Antonio Schirmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Marinho Maciel
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Al-Sroji RY, Al-Laham S, Almandili A. Protective effects of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) on vancomycin-induced oxidative nephrotoxic damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:755-766. [PMID: 37139624 PMCID: PMC10161947 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2204916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vancomycin (VCM), an important antibiotic against refractory infections, has been used to treat secondary infections in severe COVID-19 patients. Regrettably, VCM treatment has been associated with nephrotoxicity. Vitamin D3 can prevent nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant effect. OBJECTIVE This study tests the antioxidant effect of vitamin D3 in the prevention of VCM-induced nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar Albino rats (21) were randomly divided into 3 groups: (A) control; (B) VCM 300 mg/kg daily for 1 week; and (C) VCM plus vitamin D3 500 IU/kg daily for 2 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed and serum was separated to determine kidney function parameters. Their kidneys were also dissected for histological examination and for oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation, creatinine, and urea levels decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) in the vitamin D3-treated group (14.46, 84.11, 36.17%, respectively) compared to the VCM group that was given VCM (MIC<2 μg/mL) only. A significant increase was observed in superoxide dismutase levels in the vitamin D3-treated group (p < 0.05) compared to rats without treatment. Furthermore, kidney histopathology of the rats treated with vitamin D3 showed that dilatation, vacuolization and necrosis tubules decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with those in the VCM group. Glomerular injury, hyaline dystrophy, and inflammation improved significantly in the vitamin D3 group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively) compared with the VCM group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 can prevent VCM nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the appropriate dose of this vitamin must be determined, especially for those infected with COVID-19 and receiving VCM, to manage their secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Yasser Al-Sroji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Shaza Al-Laham
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Almandili
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Wee CL, Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Yahaya S, Yaacob NS, Rasool AHG. Vitamin D deficiency enhances vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiotensin II levels in the microcirculation of diabetic patients. Microvasc Res 2023; 150:104574. [PMID: 37390963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D (vitD) levels have been reported to be a risk factor for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. This study examined the effects of vitD deficiency on oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and levels of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) in the microvascular tissue of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients were categorized into (i) vitD non-deficient diabetics (DNP, n = 10) and (ii) vitD-deficient diabetics (DDP, n = 10), based on their serum 25(OH)D levels. Subcutaneous fat tissues with intact blood vessels were collected during lower limb surgical procedures. The blood vessel were isolated; measurements of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, OS marker malondialdehyde (MDA), Ang II, and the inflammatory marker, TNF-α of the microvascular tissues were determined. Elevated MDA levels and reduced SOD activity, with higher levels of TNF-α and Ang II were observed in the microvascular tissues of DDP compared to DNP. VitD deficiency did not associate with glycemic parameters (fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin) levels. In conclusion, vitD deficiency was correlated with higher microvascular tissue OS, inflammation, and Ang II levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This may contribute to early vasculopathy that occurs in diabetic patients, thus, may contribute to the planning of therapeutic strategies to delay or prevent cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Lee Wee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Sahran Yahaya
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Humbert A, Lefebvre R, Nawrot M, Caussy C, Rieusset J. Calcium signalling in hepatic metabolism: Health and diseases. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102780. [PMID: 37506596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility between the wide array of hepatic functions relies on calcium (Ca2+) signalling. Indeed, Ca2+ is implicated in the control of many intracellular functions as well as intercellular communication. Thus, hepatocytes adapt their Ca2+ signalling depending on their nutritional and hormonal environment, leading to opposite cellular functions, such as glucose storage or synthesis. Interestingly, hepatic metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, are associated with impaired Ca2+ signalling. Here, we present the hepatocytes' toolkit for Ca2+ signalling, complete with regulation systems and signalling pathways activated by nutrients and hormones. We further discuss the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms leading to alterations of Ca2+ signalling in hepatic metabolic diseases, and review the literature on the clinical impact of Ca2+-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Humbert
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Rémy Lefebvre
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Margaux Nawrot
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France; Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, INRAE U-1397, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Sriphoosanaphan S, Rattanachaisit P, Somanawat K, Wanpiyarat N, Komolmit P, Werawatganon D. Calcitriol Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1534. [PMID: 37371630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the major causes of acute liver failure. Severe liver inflammation and the production of oxidative stress occur due to toxic APAP metabolites and glutathione depletion. Growing evidence has proved that vitamin D (VD) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative functions. Our objective was to explore the protective role of calcitriol (VD3) in acute APAP-induced liver injury. Methods: Adult male mice were randomized into three groups; control (n = 8), APAP (n = 8), and VD3 group (n = 8). All mice, except controls, received oral administration of APAP (400 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 24 h later. In the VD3 group, calcitriol (10 µg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before and after exposure to APAP. Blood samples were collected to assess serum aminotransferase and inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. Liver tissues were analyzed for hepatic glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathology. Results: APAP administration significantly increased serum aminotransferase, inflammatory cytokines, and induced cellular inflammation and necrosis. APAP also depleted hepatic GSH and elevated oxidative stress, as indicated by high MDA levels. In the APAP group, 25% of the mice (two out of eight) died, while no deaths occurred in the VD3 group. Treatment with calcitriol significantly reduced serum aminotransferase, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the VD3 group compared to the APAP group. Additionally, VD3 effectively restored GSH reserves, reduced lipid peroxidation, and attenuated hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VD3 prevents APAP-induced acute liver injury and reduces mortality in mice through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. Thus, VD3 might be a novel treatment strategy for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pakkapon Rattanachaisit
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Somanawat
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natcha Wanpiyarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Center of Excellence in Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Obaid AA, Almasmoum H, Almaimani RA, El-Boshy M, Aslam A, Idris S, Ghaith MM, El-Readi MZ, Ahmad J, Farrash WF, Mujalli A, Eid SY, Elzubier ME, Refaat B. Vitamin D and calcium co-therapy mitigates pre-established cadmium nephropathy by regulating renal calcium homeostatic molecules and improving anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127221. [PMID: 37244046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and chronic toxicity could induce nephropathy by increasing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) prophylactic treatments attenuated Cd-induced cell injury, none of the prior studies measure their renoprotective effects against pre-established Cd-nephropathy. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of VD and/or Ca single and dual therapies against pre-established nephrotoxicity induced by chronic Cd toxicity prior to treatment initiation. METHODS Forty male adult rats were allocated into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VC groups. The study lasted for eight weeks and all animals, except the NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) throughout the study. Ca (100 mg/kg) and/or VD (350 IU/kg) were given (five times/week) during the last four weeks to the designated groups. Subsequently, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), VD synthesising (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes with VD receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) was measured in renal tissues. Similarly, renal expression of Ca voltage-dependent channels (CaV1.1/CaV3.1), store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1), and binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were measured. Serum markers of renal function alongside several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/GPx/CAT) and inflammation (IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 were also measured. RESULTS The PC group exhibited hypovitaminosis D, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria, proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased renal apoptosis/necrosis with higher caspase-3 expression. Markers of renal tissue damage (TGF-β1/iNOS/NGAL/KIM-1), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) increased, whilst the antioxidants (GSH/GPx/CAT) and IL-10 decreased, in the PC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal expression of Cyp27b1, Cyp24a1, VDR, and VDBP, alongside Ca-membranous (CaV1.1/CaV3.1) and store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1) and cytosolic Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B). Although VD was superior to Ca monotherapy, their combination revealed the best mitigation effects by attenuating serum and renal tissue Cd concentrations, inflammation and oxidative stress, alongside modulating the expression of VD/Ca-molecules. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show improved alleviations against Cd-nephropathy by co-supplementing VD and Ca, possibly by better regulation of Ca-dependent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Obaid
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Y Eid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone's Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081997. [PMID: 37111216 PMCID: PMC10142687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Klöppel E, Sinzato YK, Rodrigues T, Gallego FQ, Karki B, Volpato GT, Corrente JE, Roy S, Damasceno DC. Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pregnancy of Rats with Pregestational Diabetes and Their Offspring. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1241-1256. [PMID: 35999443 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on vitamin D supplementation have been performed in experimental and clinical investigations considering gestational diabetes and/or vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. However, the results are controversial and few present the effects and mechanisms of this micronutrient on pregestational diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy of rats with pre-existing diabetes and their fetuses. Pregestational diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats at birth. The adult diabetic and nondiabetic rats were orally administered with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) throughout the pregnancy. The diabetes status was monitored during pregnancy by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of the pregnancy, pancreas and blood samples were collected for morphological analyses and lipid peroxidation measurements, respectively. The influence of vitamin D treatment on reproductive outcomes, fetal growth, and development were compared to those of untreated diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant rats. P < 0.05 was considered a significant statistical limit. The diabetic rats given vitamin D had a greater number of insulin-positive cells, contributing to reduced blood glucose levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations (TBARS-an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation), and increased reduced thiol group levels, contributing to suitable intrauterine conditions for better fetal development, which was confirmed by higher fetal viability rates. Thus, this study shows the effects and mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation on pre-existing diabetes in pregnant rats, confirming its beneficial effects on maternal redox status and glycemic control, and the decline of adverse maternal-fetal repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Q Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Barshana Karki
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
- , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - José E Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Sayon Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
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Cao J, Hua L, Zhang S, Tang J, Ke F, Wu Z, Xue G. Serum interleukin-38 levels correlated with insulin resistance, liver injury and lipids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35948957 PMCID: PMC9364532 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance, liver injury and dyslipidemia are reported in non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Interleukin (IL)-38 may take part in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the function of IL-38 in NAFLD is unknown. Herein, we determined whether serum IL-38 level might be utilised as a biochemical marker for diagnosing NAFLD. Methods NAFLD patients and healthy participants (n = 91 each) were enrolled. Circulating serum IL-38 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other metabolic and inflammatory indices related to NAFLD were also assessed. Results Patients with NAFLD had higher serum IL-38 levels than healthy individuals. Significantly higher serum IL-38 levels were found in patients with severe and moderate NAFLD than in patients with mild NAFLD. IL-38 showed a significant correlation with parameters of insulin resistance, inflammation, and liver enzyme in NAFLD cases. Anthropometric, insulin resistance, inflammatory parameters, lipids and frequency of NAFLD showed significant differences among the serum IL-38 level tertiles. Participants in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of serum IL-38 levels had a greater risk of NAFLD than those in the 1st tertile. Furthermore, IL-38 ROC curve showed a high area under ROC with 0.861. Conclusions It is possible for serum IL-38 to be a biomarker for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, 17# Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shipei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinping Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fan Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhouhuan Wu
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jiujiang University, 17# Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, 48# The South of Taling Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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10
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Gemcioglu E, Baser S, Yilmaz Cakmak N, Erel Ö, Akman BT, Ahmadova P, Ersoy O. Assessing Oxidative Stress by Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis Among Vitamin D-Deficient Patients. Cureus 2021; 13:e20400. [PMID: 35047246 PMCID: PMC8755970 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Thiol/disulfide (T/DS) homeostasis represents a promising new approach to evaluate oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to examine T/DS homeostasis in vitamin D (VitD)-deficient patients. Methods: We enrolled 154 patients with VitD deficiency and 154 healthy control subjects in the study. For both groups, native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide values were measured. Additionally, considering the obtained 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels, the patient group was further divided into two subgroups (Group 1: <10 ng/mL, Group 2: 10-20 ng/mL), which were compared in more depth according to the specified parameters. Results: Values of native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide measured in the combination of Groups 1 and 2, comprising individuals with VitD deficiency, proved to be higher in comparison to the control group with statistical significance (p=0.007, p=0.028, and p<0.001, respectively). When subgroups were considered according to VitD classifications, native thiol and total thiol were again higher in Group 1 in comparison to the values obtained for control subjects (p=0.022; p<0.001). While the total thiol level of Group 2 was higher than that of controls (p<0.001), no difference with statistical significance was obtained in the comparison of disulfide levels among the indviduals of Group 1, Group 2, and the controls (p=0.081). Conclusion: In this study, among patients with VitD deficiency, we have confirmed that values of native thiol and total thiol were increased, while the T/DS balance was found to have shifted in favor of the thiol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Gemcioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Salih Baser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TUR
| | | | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TUR
| | - Büsra Tugce Akman
- Department of Hematology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TUR
| | - Parvana Ahmadova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lokman Hekim Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Osman Ersoy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TUR
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11
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Mendes AKB, Sulis PM, Cavalari FC, Padilla DPR, Aragón M, Gaspar JM, Silva FRMB. 1α,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 prevents insulin resistance and regulates coordinated exocytosis and insulin secretion. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108864. [PMID: 34606907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is associated with improvements in insulin resistance and glycemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effect of 1α,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (1,25-D3) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the glycemia and insulin sensitivity of control and dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistance rats. 45Ca2+ influx responses to 1,25-D3 and its role in insulin secretion were investigated in isolated pancreatic islets from control rats. In vivo, 5 d treatment with 1,25-D3 (i.p.) prevented insulin resistance in dexamethasone-treated rats. Treatment with 1,25-D3 improved the activities of hepatic enzymes, serum lipids and calcium concentrations in insulin-resistant rats. 25-D3 (o.g.) does not affect insulin resistance. In pancreatic islets, 1,25-D3 increased insulin secretion and stimulated rapid response 45Ca2+ influx. The stimulatory effect of 1,25-D3 on 45Ca2+ influx was decreased by diazoxide, apamine, thapsigargin, dantrolene, 2-APB, nifedipine, TEA, PKA, PKC, and cytoskeleton inhibitor, while it was increased by glibenclamide and N-ethylmaleimide. The stimulatory effect of 1,25-D3 on 45Ca2+ influx involves the activation of L-type VDCC, K+-ATP, K+-Ca2+, and Kv channels, which augment cytosolic calcium. These ionic changes mobilize calcium from stores and downstream activation of PKC, PKA tethering vesicle traffic and fusion at the plasma membrane for insulin secretion. This is the first study highlighting the unprecedented role of 1,25-D3 (short-term effect) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and on prevention of insulin resistance. Furthermore, this study shows the intracellular β-cell signal transduction of 1,25-D3 through the modulation of pivotal ionic channels and proteins exhibiting a coordinated exocytosis of vesicles for insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Paola Miranda Sulis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho Cavalari
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Diana Patricia Rey Padilla
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
| | - Joana Margarida Gaspar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioeletricidade Celular (NUBIOCEL), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis- SC, Brazil.
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12
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Jenkins DD, Moss HG, Brown TR, Yazdani M, Thayyil S, Montaldo P, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Wagner C, Hollis BW, Wiest DB. NAC and Vitamin D Improve CNS and Plasma Oxidative Stress in Neonatal HIE and Are Associated with Favorable Long-Term Outcomes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1344. [PMID: 34572976 PMCID: PMC8466838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin D provide effective neuroprotection in animal models of severe or inflammation-sensitized hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). To translate these FDA-approved drugs to HIE neonates, we conducted an early phase, open-label trial of 10 days of NAC (25, 40 mg/kg q12h) + 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol 0.05 mg/kg q12h, 0.03 mg/kg q24h), (NVD), for pharmacokinetic (PK) estimates during therapeutic hypothermia and normothermia. We paired PK samples with pharmacodynamic (PD) targets of plasma isoprostanoids, CNS glutathione (GSH) and total creatine (tCr) by serial MRS in basal ganglia (BG) before and after NVD infusion at five days. Infants had moderate (n = 14) or severe HIE (n = 16), funisitis (32%), and vitamin D deficiency (75%). NVD resulted in rapid, dose-responsive increases in CNS GSH and tCr that correlated positively with plasma [NAC], inversely with plasma isofurans, and was greater in infants with lower baseline [GSH] and [tCr], suggesting increases in these PD markers were titrated by neural demand. Hypothermia and normothermia altered NAC PK estimates. NVD was well tolerated. Excluding genetic syndromes (2), prolonged ECMO (2), lost-to-follow-up (1) and SIDS death (1), 24 NVD treated HIE infants have no evidence of cerebral palsy, autism or cognitive delay at 24-48 months. These data confirm that low, safe doses of NVD in HIE neonates decreased oxidative stress in plasma and CNS, improved CNS energetics, and are associated with favorable developmental outcomes at two to four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea D Jenkins
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Hunter G Moss
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Truman R Brown
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Milad Yazdani
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Montaldo
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Carol Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Donald B Wiest
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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13
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Wang YQ, Geng XP, Wang MW, Wang HQ, Zhang C, He X, Liang SM, Xu DX, Chen X. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation during acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107716. [PMID: 33951559 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several experiments confirmed that vitamin D3 protected against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). This research aimed to evaluate the influence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on APAP-induced ALI. In VDD and VDD + APAP groups, mice were fed with VDD diet. In APAP and VDD + APAP groups, mice were intraperitoneally injected with a sublethal dose of APAP (150 mg/kg). A sublethal dose of APAP caused a slight elevation of ALT and AST. Interestingly, APAP-induced elevation of ALT and AST was aggravated in VDD-fed mice. APAP-induced hepatic necrosis was exacerbated in VDD-fed mice. In addition, APAP-induced hepatocyte death, measured using TUNEL assay, was exacerbated in VDD-fed mice. Additional experiment showed that APAP-induced hepatic GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation were exacerbated in VDD-fed mice. Moreover, APAP-induced upregulation of antioxidant genes, such as hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), glutathione peroxidase (Gshpx), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) and catalase enzymes (Cat), was aggravated in VDD-fed mice. Although a sublethal dose of APAP did not cause hepatic inflammation, hepatic proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as Tnf-α, Kc, Mcp-1 and Mip2, were upregulated in VDD-fed mice treated with APAP. These results provide experimental data that VDD exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation during APAP-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Geng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Qian Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue He
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi-Min Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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14
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Wee CL, Mokhtar SS, Singh KKB, Yahaya S, Leung SWS, Rasool AHG. Calcitriol Supplementation Ameliorates Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Vitamin D-Deficient Diabetic Rats by Upregulating the Vascular eNOS Protein Expression and Reducing Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3109294. [PMID: 33623633 PMCID: PMC7875614 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus contributes to macro- and microvascular complications, leading to adverse cardiovascular events. This study examined the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the vascular function and tissue oxidative status in the microcirculation of diabetic rats and to determine whether these effects can be reversed with calcitriol (active vitamin D metabolite) supplementation. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed for 10 weeks with control diet (DC) or vitamin D-deficient diet without (DD) or with oral calcitriol supplementation (0.15 μg/kg) in the last four weeks (DDS) (10 rats each group). A nondiabetic rat group that received control diet was also included (NR). After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed; mesenteric arterial rings with and without endothelium were studied using wire myograph. Western blotting of the mesenteric arterial tissue was performed to determine the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme. Antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the mesenteric arterial tissue were also measured. The DC group had significantly lower acetylcholine-induced relaxation and augmented endothelium-dependent contraction, with reduced eNOS expression, compared to NR rats. In mesenteric arteries of DD, acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent and sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxations were lower than those in DC. Calcitriol supplementation in DDS restored endothelium-dependent relaxation. Mesenteric artery endothelium-dependent contraction of DD was greater than DC; it was not affected by calcitriol supplementation. The eNOS protein expression and SOD activity were significantly lower while MDA levels were greater in DD compared to DC; these effects were not observed in DDS that received calcitriol supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency causes eNOS downregulation and oxidative stress, thereby impairing the vascular function and posing an additional risk for microvascular complications in diabetes. Calcitriol supplementation to diabetics with vitamin D deficiency could potentially be useful in the management of or as an adjunct to diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Lee Wee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sahran Yahaya
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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15
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Mahmoudi L, Asadi S, Al-Mousavi Z, Niknam R. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing calcitriol versus cholecalciferol supplementation to reduce insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2999-3005. [PMID: 33341312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world with no definite treatment. Insulin resistance (IR) and low serum vitamin D are closely linked to NAFLD. Since there is no comparative study on the effect of calcitriol with cholecalciferol on NAFLD based on homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as an IR indicator, so we designed this research. METHODS A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with NAFLD with concomitant vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency at two referral tertiary teaching medical centers, from July 2017 to January 2019. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: calcitriol (1 mcg/day) and cholecalciferol (50,000 IU/week) for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric and laboratory data were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated for each patient. RESULTS 54 patients completed the trial. In total, calcitriol supplementation improved serum insulin levels as well as IR based on the HOMA-IR index, significantly compared to the cholecalciferol group. HOMA-IR decreased 1.8 times more in patients receiving calcitriol than in those receiving cholecalciferol, which was clinically meaningful. The observed changes were more pronounced in patients with higher baseline body mass index. Moreover, calcitriol was more associated with a significant decrease in liver enzymes and cholesterol levels comparing to cholecalciferol. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, the use of calcitriol supplementation significantly reduced HOMA-IR as an IR indicator in NAFLD patients, compared to cholecalciferol. To confirm this findings, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Asadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Al-Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Niknam
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186644. [PMID: 32932777 PMCID: PMC7554927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.
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17
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Ma M, Long Q, Chen F, Zhang T, Wang W. Active vitamin D impedes the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting cell senescence in a rat model. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:513-523. [PMID: 31810868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to an accumulation of excess fat in liver due to causes other than alcohol use. The relationship between vitamin D (VD) and NAFLD has been previously studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the mechanism involved active VD regulating the progression of NAFLD by inhibiting cell senescence and to provide a potential approach for further nutritional treatment of NAFLD. METHODS Following the induction with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of corn oil, the successfully established NAFLD rat models were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 1μg/kg, 5μg/kg or 10μg/kg. Meanwhile, the levels of factors related to oxidative stress, cell senescence, the p53-p21 signaling pathway and inflammation in liver were determined. Then, cell senescence was also measured by using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) staining. RESULTS It was also found that active VD increased the concentration of VD in serum and VDR in liver of NAFLD rats, and alleviated hepatic fibrosis. Besides, treatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 at 1μg/kg, 5μg/kg or 10μg/kg reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibited the p53-p21 signaling pathway and consequent cell senescence. Furthermore, treatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 at a dosage of 5μg/kg made the most impact on these factors. CONCLUSION Collectively, the evidences from this study demonstrated that active VD could alleviate the development of NAFLD through blocking the p53-p21 signaling pathway, which provided a novel nutritional therapeutic insight for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 310052 Hangzhou, P.R, China.
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 310052 Hangzhou, P.R, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 310052 Hangzhou, P.R, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 310052 Hangzhou, P.R, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 310052 Hangzhou, P.R, China
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18
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Wang S, Cai B, Han X, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Vitamin D supplementation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20148. [PMID: 32384501 PMCID: PMC7220265 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and low vitamin D levels are positively associated with NAFLD and T2DM. But there is absence of convincing evidence-based medicine to confirm the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for T2DM with NAFLD. Thus, we aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to summarize the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for T2DM combined with NAFLD, and help to further clarify its beneficial action on diabetic patients with NAFLD. METHODS The study only selects clinical randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation for T2DM combined with NAFLD. We will search each database from the built-in until July 2020. The English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. While the Chinese literature comes from CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang database. Meanwhile, we will retrieve clinical trial registries and grey literature. Two researchers worked independently on literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The dichotomous data is represented by relative risk (RR), and the continuous is expressed by mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD), eventually the data is synthesized using a fixed effect model (FEM) or a random effect model (REM) depending on the heterogeneity. The imaging markers of liver, biomarkers of hepatic steatosis, serological indexes of hepatic fibrosis, serum NAFLD liver fat score were evaluated as the main outcomes. While several secondary outcomes were also evaluated in this study. The statistical analysis of this meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan software version 5.3. RESULTS This meta-analysis will further determine the beneficial efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for T2DM combined with NAFLD. CONCLUSION This study determines the positive efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for diabetic patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
| | - Baochao Cai
- Endocrinology Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001
| | - Xuke Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
| | - Ruili Wang
- Diabetes Department, Jintang County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610400, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072
- Endocrinology Department, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001
- Diabetes Department, Jintang County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610400, PR China
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The molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D improve glucose homeostasis: A mechanistic review. Life Sci 2020; 244:117305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Filipović N, Bočina I, Restović I, Grobe M, Kretzschmar G, Kević N, Mašek T, Vitlov Uljević M, Jurić M, Vukojević K, Saraga-Babić M, Vuica A. Ultrastructural characterization of vitamin D receptors and metabolizing enzymes in the lipid droplets of the fatty liver in rat. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151502. [PMID: 31932064 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with numerous actions in the organism. There are strong evidences that relate vitamin D deficiency with liver lipid metabolism disturbances, but the mechanism of this action is still unknown. In our previous work we postulated the localization and accumulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in membrane of the lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. In this study, we applied the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm this hypothesis by using a long-term (6 months) high sucrose intake rat model that was previously found to be appropriate for research of the hepatic lipid accumulation. In addition to the VDR, we also found key vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, 1α-hydroxylase and CYP 24 associated with the membrane of the LDs. A light-microscopy data revealed significant increase in expression of VDR and CYP 24 in liver of high-sucrose treated rats, in comparison to controlones. According to the best of our knowledge, this is a first study confirming the presence of the VDR in the membrane of the LDs in general and also in particular in LDs of the hepatocytes that were accumulated as a consequence of the prolonged high sucrose intake. Moreover, we found association of main vitamin D metabolizing enzymes with LD membrane. These results provide a new insight in the possible relation of vitamin D signalling system with LD morphology and function and with the lipid metabolism in general.
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21
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El-Boshy M, Refaat B, Almaimani RA, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almasmoum H, Mahbub AA, Ghaith MM, BaSalamah MA. Vitamin D 3 and calcium cosupplementation alleviates cadmium hepatotoxicity in the rat: Enhanced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by remodeling cellular calcium pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22440. [PMID: 31926057 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) attenuate cadmium (Cd) metabolism, their combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions against Cd toxicity have not been previously explored. Hence, this study measured the protective effects of VD ± Ca supplements against Cd hepatotoxicity. Forty adult male rats were distributed to: negative controls (NCs), positive controls (PCs), VD, Ca, and VD3 and Ca (VDC) groups. All groups, except NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) for 4 weeks individually or concurrently with intramuscular VD3 (600 IU/kg; three times per week) and/or oral Ca (100 mg/kg; five times per week). The PC group showed abnormal hepatic biochemical parameters and increase in cellular cytochrome C, caspase-9, and caspase-3 alongside the apoptotic/necrotic cell numbers by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling technique. The PC hepatic tissue also had substantially elevated pro-oxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA]/H2 O2 /protein carbonyls) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β]/IL-6/IL17A/tumor necrosis factor-α), whereas the anti-inflammatory (IL-10/IL-22) and antioxidants (glutathione [GSH]/GPx/catalase enzyme [CAT]) markers declined. Hypovitaminosis D, low hepatic tissue Ca, aberrant hepatic expression of VD-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp2R1/Cyp27a1/cyp24a1), receptor and binding protein alongside Ca-membrane (CaV 1.1/CaV 3.1), and store-operated (RyR1/ITPR1) channels, and Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were observed in the PC group. Both monotherapies decreased serum, but not tissue Cd levels, restored the targeted hepatic VD/Ca molecules' expression. However, these effects were more prominent in the VD group than the Ca group. The VDC group, contrariwise, disclosed the greatest alleviations on serum and tissue Cd, inflammatory and oxidative markers, the VD/Ca molecules and tissue integrity. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal boosted protection for cosupplementing VD and Ca against Cd hepatotoxicity that could be due to enhanced antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of the Ca pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Boshy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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El Khoudary SR, Samargandy S, Zeb I, Foster T, de Boer IH, Li D, Budoff MJ. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Does race/ethnicity matter? Findings from the MESA cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:114-122. [PMID: 31761548 PMCID: PMC6934905 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in studies of mainly white participants. Significant racial/ethnic differences exist in serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD prevalence questioning extending this association to other racial/ethnic groups. We tested whether the association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD vary by race/ethnicity. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) that included 3484 participants (44% male; 38.4% Whites, 27.8% African-Americans, 23.5% Hispanics, and 10.3% Chinese-Americans) who had serum 25(OH)D and upper abdominal CT images available at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. NAFLD was identified if liver-to-spleen Hounsfield-Unit ratio was <1. Whites had the highest 25(OH)D level and African-Americans had the lowest level (mean ± SD: 29.5 ± 10.4 vs.19.9 ± 9.1, respectively). Six hundred and eleven (17.5%) participants had NAFLD; Hispanics had the highest prevalence (26.2%) followed by Chinese-Americans (19.8%), Whites (15.8%) and African-Americans (11.7%), P < 0.0001. In adjusted model, the association of 25(OH)D with NAFLD differed by race/ethnicity (P < 0.0001). Negative association was only evident in Causations (OR (95% CI):1.23 (1.03, 1.47) per 1 SD lower serum 25(OH)D). For other racial/ethnic groups, BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking, but not serum 25(OH)D, were common independent risk factors for NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The negative association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD in Whites may not be broadly generalizable to other racial/ethnic groups. Modifiable risk factors including BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking associate with NAFLD risk in non-white racial/ethnic groups beyond 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irfan Zeb
- West Virginia University Heart & Vascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, USA
| | - Temitope Foster
- Emory University Medical Center, Medicine-Digestive Diseases, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- University of Washington, Division of Nephrology, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Emory University, Division of Hospital Medicine, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, USA
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23
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Mohammad P, Esfandiar KZ, Abbas S, Ahoora R. Effects of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on serum levels of Resistin, Chemerin and liver enzymes in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type-2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:379-387. [PMID: 31890663 PMCID: PMC6914745 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in serum resistin, chemerin, insulin, liver enzymes and lipid profiles levels. METHODS 24 Wistar rats with mean weight of 200 ± 50 g were randomly assigned to non-diabetic rats (ND-Cnt), diabetic control (D-Cnt), diabetic training groups. The diabetic training group received 10 weeks of HIIT (D-HIIT) and MICT (D-MICT) following the induction of diabetes. Evaluating resistin, chemerin and insulin hormones levels through ELISA. FBS and liver enzyme levels were measured by biochemical kits. RESULTS HIIT and MICT resulted in a significant decrease in resistin, chemerin and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05) compared to the D-Cnt (P < 0.05). Serum values of FBS, lipid profiles and liver enzyme (P < 0.05) decreased significantly more in the HIIT group compared with the MICT group (P < 0.05). As well as, the resistin level positively and significantly associated with values of ALT and chemerin level positively and significantly associated with values of ALT, ALP and AST in all rat (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In general, our findings demonstrated that the HIIT leads to better improvements in serum liver enzyme levels, FBS and lipid profiles compared to MICT. HIIT therefore appears to be an important time-efficient treatment for treatment with type 2 diabetes rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastesh Mohammad
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Physiology and Pathology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Khosravi Zadeh Esfandiar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Management, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Saremi Abbas
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Management, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Rekabtalae Ahoora
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Physiology and Pathology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
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Vitamin D Deficiency: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Aging. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020030. [PMID: 31083546 PMCID: PMC6627346 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that this vitamin, a secosteroid hormone, has beneficial effects on several body systems other than the musculoskeletal system. Both 25 dihydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)2D] and its active hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are essential for human physiological functions, including damping down inflammation and the excessive intracellular oxidative stresses. Vitamin D is one of the key controllers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory function, and thus, the aging process in humans. In turn, molecular and cellular actions form 1,25(OH)2D slow down oxidative stress, cell and tissue damage, and the aging process. On the other hand, hypovitaminosis D impairs mitochondrial functions, and enhances oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with its intracellular receptors modulates vitamin D–dependent gene transcription and activation of vitamin D-responsive elements, which triggers multiple second messenger systems. Thus, it is not surprising that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases, such as metabolic disorders that are linked to oxidative stress. These include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy complications, memory disorders, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and systemic inflammatory diseases. Vitamin D adequacy leads to less oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial and endocrine functions, reducing the risks of disorders, such as autoimmunity, infections, metabolic derangements, and impairment of DNA repair; all of this aids a healthy, graceful aging process. Vitamin D is also a potent anti-oxidant that facilitates balanced mitochondrial activities, preventing oxidative stress-related protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. New understandings of vitamin D-related advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, in relation to its ability to control oxidative stress in conjunction with micronutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants, following normalization of serum 25(OH)D and tissue 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, likely to promise cost-effective better clinical outcomes in humans.
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25
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Beneficial Effects of Vitamins K and D3 on Redox Balance of Human Osteoblasts Cultured with Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040325. [PMID: 30965604 PMCID: PMC6523281 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials are commonly used in surgery to repair bone damage. However, the introduction of biomaterials into the body can cause metabolic alterations, including redox imbalance. Because vitamins D3 and K (K1, MK-4, MK-7) have pronounced osteoinductive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, it is suggested that they may reduce the adverse effects of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins D3 and K, used alone and in combination, on the redox metabolism of human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cell line) cultured in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials (Maxgraft, Cerabone, Apatos, and Gen-Os). Culturing of the osteoblasts in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials resulted in oxidative stress manifested by increased production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity. Such redox imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation manifested by an increase of 4-hydroxynonenal level, which is known to influence the growth of bone cells. Vitamins D3 and K were shown to help maintain redox balance and prevent lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts cultured with hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. The strongest effect was observed for the combination of vitamin D3 and MK-7. Moreover, vitamins promoted growth of the osteoblasts, manifested by increased DNA biosynthesis. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of vitamins D3 and K may protect redox balance and support the growth of osteoblasts affected by hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials.
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Śliwińska A. Analysis of Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2019; 11:E794. [PMID: 30959886 PMCID: PMC6520736 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence revealed extra skeleton activity of vitamin D, including prevention from cardiometabolic diseases and cancer development as well as anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth noting that vitamin D deficiency is very common and may be associated with the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance-related diseases, including obesity and diabetes. This review aims to provide molecular mechanisms showing how vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the insulin resistance formation. The PUBMED database and published reference lists were searched to find studies published between 1980 and 2019. It was identified that molecular action of vitamin D is involved in maintaining the normal resting levels of ROS and Ca2+, not only in pancreatic β-cells, but also in insulin responsive tissues. Both genomic and non-genomic action of vitamin D is directed towards insulin signaling. Thereby, vitamin D reduces the extent of pathologies associated with insulin resistance such as oxidative stress and inflammation. More recently, it was also shown that vitamin D prevents epigenetic alterations associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is one of the factors accelerating insulin resistance formation. The results of basic and clinical research support beneficial action of vitamin D in the reduction of insulin resistance and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Filgueiras MS, Rocha NP, Novaes JF, Bressan J. Vitamin D status, oxidative stress, and inflammation in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:660-669. [PMID: 30596263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1546671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is considered a global public health problem with high prevalence in children and adolescents. The majority of the studies in the literature have identified a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and obesity, as well as other traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Scarce studies address vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in the young population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence of the association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress and inflammation in children and adolescents. This is a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline on reporting systematic reviews. Eight studies were selected for this review. All included studies evaluated inflammatory biomarkers and two out of eight evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress. The majority of the studies (five out of eight) found association of vitamin D status with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cathepsin S, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, 3-nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Vitamin D status is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in the majority of the studies with children and adolescents. Thus, the assessment of vitamin D status is important because it is associated with nontraditional cardiometabolic markers in the pediatric population (review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109307).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Filgueiras
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N P Rocha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J F Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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28
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Mertoglu C, Siranli G, Topal I, Gok G, Erel O. Vitamin D supplementation does not improve plasma thiol/disulfide homeostasis. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:1008-1013. [PMID: 30257065 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis, as well as vitamin D deficiency, are responsible for the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic diseases. This study examined the relationship between thiol/disulfide homeostasis and vitamin D level and supplementation. METHODS A total of 203 healthy children were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level: group 1, severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL); group 2, deficiency (10-20 ng/mL); group 3, insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL); and group 4, sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL). Furthermore, group 5 was defined as being on vitamin D supplementation. RESULT Native thiol was lower in group 5 than in groups 2-4 (P = 0.003). Disulfide was higher in groups 1, 4 and 5 than groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Total thiol was lower in group 5 than in group 4 (P = 0.032). The ratio of native thiol/total thiol was lower in groups 1 and 5 compared with groups 2 and 3, and in group 4 compared with group 3 (P < 0.001). The ratios of disulfide/total thiol and disulfide/native thiol were higher in groups 1 and 5 than in groups 2 and 3 whereas only the disulfide/total thiol ratio was higher in group 4 than in group 3 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In healthy children, severe deficiency of vitamin D causes impairment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and increases protein oxidation, which cannot be reversed by external vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuma Mertoglu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Siranli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ismail Topal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Gamze Gok
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Osinubi AA, Medubi LJ, Akang EN, Sodiq LK, Samuel TA, Kusemiju T, Osolu J, Madu D, Fasanmade O. A comparison of the anti-diabetic potential of d-ribose-l-cysteine with insulin, and oral hypoglycaemic agents on pregnant rats. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:832-838. [PMID: 30140615 PMCID: PMC6104459 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 18% of pregnant women are affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and Insulin has been the commonest drug used in its treatment. There are reports of noncompliance to insulin due to trypanophobia, with suggestions for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). However, the opposing views about the benefits and risk of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) warrant a continuous search for an alternative regimen. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the antidiabetic effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (riboceine) with vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and insulin in diabetes in pregnancy. Forty (40) female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were mated with twenty (20) male SD rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and the female SD rats were divided into 8 groups of five (5) rats each. The animals were administered either of the OHAs vildagliptin, glibenclamide, metformin, glipizide and riboceine for a period of 19 gestational days. The results showed that streptozotocin (STZ) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the weights of the animals, increased malondialdehyde, blood glucose levels and altered reproductive hormones. These effects of STZ were better ameliorated in animals that received insulin and riboceine compared to the other OHAs. While progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals that received riboceine compared to insulin. Glibenclamide increased (p < 0.05) foetal weights compared to non-diabetic animals. In conclusion, glibenclamide may be a threat to mother`s life in the management of diabetes in pregnancy however, riboceine as well as vildagliptin, metformin and glipizide are effective oral hypoglycaemic agents which could serve as a potent adjuvant comparable to insulin in the management of diabetes during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham A.A. Osinubi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Leke Jacob Medubi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Lawal K. Sodiq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Titilola A. Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Kusemiju
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - James Osolu
- Ajah Primary Healthcare Centre, Eti-Osa East, LCDA, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Danladi Madu
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Grobe M, Kretzschmar G, Vuica A, Filipovic N. Expression of vitamin D receptors in the superior cervical ganglia of rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:320-327. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1425910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Grobe
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - G Kretzschmar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - A Vuica
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - N Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Laboratory for Neurocardiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Altieri B, Grant WB, Della Casa S, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, Sarno G, Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D and pancreas: The role of sunshine vitamin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3472-3488. [PMID: 27030935 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D exerts multiple effects beyond bone and calcium metabolism. Vitamin D seems to play a role in pancreatic disease, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D's immune-modulatory action suggests that it could help prevent type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, vitamin D may influence β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and systematic inflammation-all characteristic pathways of that disease. Data from observational studies correlated vitamin D deficiency with risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Prospective and ecological studies of pancreatic cancer incidence generally support a beneficial effect of higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as well as inverse correlations between UVB dose or exposure and incidence and/or mortality rate of pancreatic cancer. This review discusses the literature regarding vitamin D's role in risk of diabetes and pancreatic cancer. The results to date generally satisfy Hill's criteria for causality regarding vitamin D and incidence of these pancreatic diseases. However, large randomized, blinded, prospective studies are required to more fully evaluate the potential therapeutic role of vitamin D in preventing pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Altieri
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - William B Grant
- b Sunlight , Nutrition, and Health Research Center , San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Silvia Della Casa
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- c Endocrinology, Department of Sports Science and Wellness , Parthenope University , Naples , Italy.,d Fertility Techniques SSD , San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital , Salerno , Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- a Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Rome , Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- e Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology , University "Federico II," Naples , Italy
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- f Department of General Surgery and Transplantation Unit , San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana , Salerno , Italy
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Wimalawansa SJ. Associations of vitamin D with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:177-189. [PMID: 27662816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the relationships of vitamin D with diabetes, insulin resistance obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Intra cellular vitamin D receptors and the 1-α hydroxylase enzyme are distributed ubiquitously in all tissues suggesting a multitude of functions of vitamin D. It plays an indirect but an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as reflected by its association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and obesity. Peer-reviewed papers, related to the topic were extracted using key words, from PubMed, Medline, and other research databases. Correlations of vitamin D with diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were examined for this evidence-based review. In addition to the well-studied musculoskeletal effects, vitamin D decreases the insulin resistance, severity of T2D, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Vitamin D exerts autocrine and paracrine effects such as direct intra-cellular effects via its receptors and the local production of 1,25(OH)2D3, especially in muscle and pancreatic β-cells. It also regulates calcium homeostasis and calcium flux through cell membranes, and activation of a cascade of key enzymes and cofactors associated with metabolic pathways. Cross-sectional, observational, and ecological studies reported inverse correlations between vitamin D status with hyperglycemia and glycemic control in patients with T2D, decrease the rate of conversion of prediabetes to diabetes, and obesity. However, no firm conclusions can be drawn from current studies, because (A) studies were underpowered; (B) few were designed for glycemic outcomes, (C) the minimum (or median) serum 25(OH) D levels achieved are not measured or reported; (D) most did not report the use of diabetes medications; (E) some trials used too little (F) others used too large, unphysiological and infrequent doses of vitamin D; and (G) relative paucity of rigorous clinical data on the effects of vitamin D sufficiency on non-calcium endpoints. Although a large number of observational studies support improving T2D, insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome with vitamin D adequacy, there is a lack of conclusive evidence from randomized control clinical trials that, these disorders are prevented following optimization of serum levels of 25(OH)D. However, none of the currently conducted clinical studies would resolve these issues. Thus, specifically designed, new clinical studies are needed to be conducted in well-defined populations, following normalizing the serum vitamin D levels in vitamin D deficient prediabetes subjects, to test the hypothesis that hypovitaminosis D worsens these disorders and correction would alleviate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Endocrinology, Metabolisum & Nutrition, Cardio Metabolic Institute, NJ, USA.
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Alvarez JA, Grunwell JR, Gillespie SE, Tangpricha V, Hebbar KB. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an oxidized plasma cysteine redox potential in critically Ill children. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:164-169. [PMID: 27641738 PMCID: PMC5352547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Critically ill populations incur high levels of oxidative stress and commonly present with vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and plasma markers of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) redox and immunity in critically ill children. This was a cross-sectional study of n=50 PICU patients. Subjects were categorized according to their plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations: (<20, 20-30, and ≥30ng/dL). Plasma GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), Cys, and cystine (CySS) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography, and their associated redox potentials determined (EhGSSG and EhCySS, respectively). Plasma LL-37, an indicator of innate immune function, was assayed with ELISA. Data were analyzed using general linear regression before and after adjustment for age, sex, and race. Results showed that EhCySS was more reduced in subjects with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30ng/mL compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations <20ng/mL (P=0.009). Plasma GSH, GSSG, and total GSH decreased with increasing 25(OH)D category (P=0.06, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively), and plasma glutamine levels were lowest in subjects with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30ng/mL (P=0.004). Plasma LL-37 concentrations did not significantly differ by vitamin D status (P=0.08). In conclusion, vitamin D sufficiency was associated with more reduced plasma EhCySS, indicative of lower oxidative stress in critically ill children. Plasma GSH, GSSG, and glutamine, however, were lower in the vitamin D sufficient group. The role of vitamin D in maintaining redox status during pediatric critical illness requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Alvarez
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory + Children's Pediatric Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott E Gillespie
- Emory + Children's Pediatric Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease; Emory + Children's Pediatric Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States, United States
| | - Vin Tangpricha
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory + Children's Pediatric Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Endocrinology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kiran B Hebbar
- Emory + Children's Pediatric Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D deficiency accelerates ageing and age-related diseases: a novel hypothesis. J Physiol 2017; 595:6825-6836. [PMID: 28949008 DOI: 10.1113/jp274887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing can occur at different rates, but what controls this variable rate is unknown. Here I have developed a hypothesis that vitamin D may act to control the rate of ageing. The basis of this hypothesis emerged from studyng the various cellular processes that control ageing. These processes such as autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, DNA disorders and alterations in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling are all known to be regulated by vitamin D. The activity of these processes will be enhanced in individuals that are deficient in vitamin D. Not only will this increase the rate of ageing, but it will also increase the probability of developing age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In individual with normal vitamin D levels, these ageing-related processes will occur at lower rates resulting in a reduced rate of ageing and enhanced protection against these age-related diseases.
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Vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress and antioxidant status: only weak association seen in the absence of advanced age, obesity or pre-existing disease. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:11-16. [PMID: 28758603 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700188x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D)70 % of participants were vitamin D deficient. No significant correlations and no biomarker differences across 25(OH)D quartiles or groups were seen except for total antioxidant status. A weak direct association (r 0·252, P<0·05) was observed between 25(OH)D and FRAP, and those in the lowest 25(OH)D quartile and group had significantly lower FRAP values. Results did not reveal a clear link between vitamin D status and oxidative stress biomarkers in the absence of advanced age, obesity and disease, though some evidence of depleted antioxidant status in those with vitamin D deficiency was seen. Poor antioxidant status may pre-date increased oxidative stress. Study of effects of correction of deficiency on antioxidant status and oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient but otherwise healthy subjects is needed.
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Lowe DW, Fraser JL, Rollins LG, Bentzley J, Nie X, Martin R, Singh I, Jenkins D. Vitamin D improves functional outcomes in neonatal hypoxic ischemic male rats treated with N-acetylcysteine and hypothermia. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:186-200. [PMID: 28599922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia treatment neuroprotects approximately 50% of neonates who present with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, is neuroprotective in combination with hypothermia in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) female rats, but less protective in males. Vitamin D is a neurosteroid, which may provide immunomodulation and improve outcomes for both sexes. We investigated the efficacy of this combination of drugs with hypothermia after severe HI, as well as potential mechanisms of vitamin D effects in the transition to chronic inflammation. DOL 7 rats were randomized to sham, or HI and hypothermia treated with either saline (HYPO), NAC (50 mg/kg/d, HNAC), or HNAC plus 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (0.1 μg/kg/d, HNAC + VitD) daily for 2 weeks. A second set of animals were randomized and treated for 11 days to investigate vitamin D metabolism and inflammatory mediators. Rats treated with HNAC + VitD performed significantly better on tests of strength and use of affected limb, adaptive sensorimotor skills, motor sequence learning, and working memory than either HYPO or HNAC, particularly benefiting male rats. Significantly fewer rats in the HNAC + VitD group had severe hemispheric volume loss. HI injury decreased serum vitamin D at 11 days and induced the enzyme that deactivates vitamin D in the hippocampus, particularly in males. Persistent vitamin D dysregulation was seen in both hippocampi in males, which was not reversed by hypothermia. Vitamin D in combination with hypothermia and NAC supports functional recovery in both sexes of neonatal rats significantly better than hypothermia alone or hypothermia and NAC in this severe HI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle W Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Jamie L Fraser
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Laura Grace Rollins
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Jessica Bentzley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Xingju Nie
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Renee Martin
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Dorothea Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Bella LM, Fieri I, Tessaro FHG, Nolasco EL, Nunes FPB, Ferreira SS, Azevedo CB, Martins JO. Vitamin D Modulates Hematological Parameters and Cell Migration into Peritoneal and Pulmonary Cavities in Alloxan-Diabetic Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7651815. [PMID: 28503574 PMCID: PMC5414504 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7651815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims. The effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on the course of diabetes in humans and animals need to be better understood. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of short-term cholecalciferol supplementation on biochemical and hematological parameters in mice. Methods. Male diabetic (alloxan, 60 mg/kg i.v., 10 days) and nondiabetic mice were supplemented with cholecalciferol for seven days. The following parameters were determined: serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, phosphorus, calcium, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, red blood cell count, white blood cell count (WBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, differential cell counts of peritoneal lavage (PeL), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and morphological analysis of lung, kidney, and liver tissues. Results. Relative to controls, cholecalciferol supplementation increased serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts and decreased leukocyte cell counts of PeL and BAL fluids in diabetic mice. Diabetic mice that were not treated with cholecalciferol had lower serum calcium and albumin levels and hemoglobin, WBC, and mononuclear blood cell counts and higher serum creatinine and urea levels than controls. Conclusion. Our results suggest that cholecalciferol supplementation improves the hematological parameters and reduces leukocyte migration into the PeL and BAL lavage of diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M. Bella
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis Fieri
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando H. G. Tessaro
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Nolasco
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. B. Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina B. Azevedo
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mostafa DK, Nasra RA, Zahran N, Ghoneim MT. Pleiotropic protective effects of Vitamin D against high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: One for all. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:38-47. [PMID: 27789220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence point to the association of vitamin D deficiency with the different components of metabolic syndrome. Yet, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic syndrome is not clearly elucidated. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that administration of vitamin D, either alone or in combination of metformin can improve metabolic and structural derangements associated with metabolic syndrome. Fifty wistar rats were randomly assigned to serve either as normal control (10 rats) or metabolic syndrome rats, by feeding them with a standard or a high fat diet (HFD), respectively. Metabolic syndrome rats were further assigned to receive either vehicle, Metformin (100mg/Kg orally), vitamin D (6ng/Kg SC.) or both, daily for 8 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, oxidative stress, serum uric acid and Ca+2 were assessed at the end of the study. Histopathological examination of hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues were also performed. Treatment with vitamin D was associated with a significant improvement of the key features of metabolic syndrome namely obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia with a neutral effect on Ca+2 level. When combined with metformin, most of the other metabolic abnormalities were ameliorated. Furthermore, a significant attenuation of the associated hepatic steatosis was observed with vitamin D as well as vitamin D/metformin combination. In conclusion, vitamin D can improve hypertension, metabolic and structural abnormalities induced by HFD, and it provides additional benefits when combined with metformin. Therefore, vitamin D could represent a feasible therapeutic option for prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rasha A Nasra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Zahran
- Department of Histology and cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Ghoneim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Vuica A, Vukojević K, Ferhatović Hamzić L, Jerić M, Puljak L, Grković I, Filipović N. Expression pattern of CYP24 in liver during ageing in long-term diabetes. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:486-95. [PMID: 27173620 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Association of liver calcitriol (active vitamin D metabolite) catabolism with osteomalacia during prolonged use of certain drugs was reported in several recent studies. To examine whether the increased calcitriol catabolism could be a potential link between ageing/diabetes mellitus (DM) and bone loss, we studied the dynamic of expression of CYP24, the main calcitriol catabolising enzyme in the liver of rats during ageing and a long-term experimental DM1. DM1 model was induced with intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (STZ) (55mg/kg). Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed 6 and 12 months after the DM1 induction. The immunohistochemical analyses of CYP24 and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β1) expression in the liver were performed. We found that ageing and long-term DM1 resulted in a significantly increased expression of CYP24 in hepatocytes, as well as in non-hepatocyte liver cells (Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells). Ageing and long-term DM1 resulted in an increased expression of TGF-β1 as well. Expression of CYP24 coexisted with the expression of TGF-β1 in all types of hepatic cells. We concluded that liver has the capacity for an active vitamin D catabolism in different populations of liver cells, especially in sinusoidal endothelial cells, through an expression of CYP24. That capacity is substantially increased during ageing and long-term diabetes mellitus. Increased liver calcitriol catabolism could be one of the mechanisms of the bone metabolism impairment related to ageing and diabetes.
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40
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Gascón S, Murenu E, Masserdotti G, Ortega F, Russo GL, Petrik D, Deshpande A, Heinrich C, Karow M, Robertson SP, Schroeder T, Beckers J, Irmler M, Berndt C, Angeli JPF, Conrad M, Berninger B, Götz M. Identification and Successful Negotiation of a Metabolic Checkpoint in Direct Neuronal Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 18:396-409. [PMID: 26748418 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread interest in direct neuronal reprogramming, the mechanisms underpinning fate conversion remain largely unknown. Our study revealed a critical time point after which cells either successfully convert into neurons or succumb to cell death. Co-transduction with Bcl-2 greatly improved negotiation of this critical point by faster neuronal differentiation. Surprisingly, mutants with reduced or no affinity for Bax demonstrated that Bcl-2 exerts this effect by an apoptosis-independent mechanism. Consistent with a caspase-independent role, ferroptosis inhibitors potently increased neuronal reprogramming by inhibiting lipid peroxidation occurring during fate conversion. Genome-wide expression analysis confirmed that treatments promoting neuronal reprogramming elicit an anti-oxidative stress response. Importantly, co-expression of Bcl-2 and anti-oxidative treatments leads to an unprecedented improvement in glial-to-neuron conversion after traumatic brain injury in vivo, underscoring the relevance of these pathways in cellular reprograming irrespective of cell type in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gascón
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Elisa Murenu
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giacomo Masserdotti
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Avenue Puerta de Hierro, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca L Russo
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Petrik
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aditi Deshpande
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Heinrich
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marisa Karow
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology (SYNERGY), 80336 Munich, Germany.
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41
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Vuica A, Ferhatović Hamzić L, Vukojević K, Jerić M, Puljak L, Grković I, Filipović N. Aging and a long-term diabetes mellitus increase expression of 1 α-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptors in the rat liver. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:167-76. [PMID: 26471398 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with serious liver complications. As a metabolic chronic disease, DM is very common in the elderly. Recent studies suggest ameliorating effects of vitamin D on metabolic and oxidative stress in the liver tissue in an experimental model of DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) and 1α-hydroxylase, the key enzyme for the production of active vitamin D form (calcitriol) in the liver during long-term diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) in aging rats. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of liver expression of 1α-hydroxylase and VDRs during aging in long-term streptozotocin-induced DM1. 1α-Hydroxylase was identified in the monocyte/macrophage system of the liver. In addition to the nuclear expression, we also observed the expression of VDR in membranes of lipid droplets within hepatocytes. Aging and long-term DM1 resulted in significant increases in the number of 1α-hydroxylase immunoreactive cells, as well as the percentage of strongly positive VDR hepatocytes. In conclusion, the liver has the capacity for active vitamin D synthesis in its monocyte/macrophage system that is substantially increased in aging and long-term diabetes mellitus. These conditions are also characterized by significant increases in vitamin D receptor expression in hepatocytes. The present study suggests that VDR signaling system could be a potential target in prevention of liver complications caused by diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuica
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lejla Ferhatović Hamzić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Milka Jerić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Grković
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Naijil G, Anju T, Jayanarayanan S, Paulose C. Curcumin pretreatment mediates antidiabetogenesis via functional regulation of adrenergic receptor subtypes in the pancreas of multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 2015; 35:823-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Luger M, Kruschitz R, Marculescu R, Haslacher H, Hoppichler F, Kallay E, Kienbacher C, Klammer C, Kral M, Langer F, Luger E, Prager G, Trauner M, Traussnigg S, Würger T, Schindler K, Ludvik B. The link between obesity and vitamin D in bariatric patients with omega-loop gastric bypass surgery - a vitamin D supplementation trial to compare the efficacy of postoperative cholecalciferol loading (LOAD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:328. [PMID: 26242295 PMCID: PMC4524369 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond its classical role in calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with several diseases, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and even obesity itself. Importantly, there are limited data on therapeutic strategies for vitamin D deficiency in bariatric patients, and the procedure-specific guidelines may not be sufficient. To improve long-term outcomes, nutritional screening and appropriate supplementation to prevent nutrient deficiencies are urgently needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine effects and safety of a forced dosing regimen of vitamin D versus conventional dose supplementation on vitamin D levels and other parameters in bariatric patients. Methods/Design The study includes loading plus repeat dosing compared with repeated administration of vitamin D without a loading dose, according to guidelines, in a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Up to a triple oral loading dose is given on day 1, then 2 and 4 weeks after surgery (100,000 IU dose each time), followed by an oral maintenance dose (3420 IU/day). The control group (n = 25) will receive placebo, followed by administration of a standard dose (3420 IU/day). We hypothesize that a significant increase in vitamin D levels will occur in patients in the treatment group (n = 25) by 24 weeks after surgery. Further measurements are aimed at evaluating changes in inflammation, bone turnover, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver, mental health, and gut microbiota of patients undergoing omega-loop gastric bypass surgery. Furthermore, possible associations between concentrations of vitamin D, the involved enzymes, or vitamin D receptor in adipose and/or liver tissues will be determined. Discussion To our knowledge, this trial is the first of its kind with this type of vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients. Its major strength is the design and implementation of evaluation of influencing factors such as liver function, bone health, inflammation, insulin resistance, blood pressure, symptoms of depression, or microbiota. This alternative vitamin D dosing regimen has the potential to be a safe, fast, evidence-based treatment of vitamin D deficiency in bariatric patients. Owing to the increasing number of bariatric patients, it is also of interest to elucidate the link between obesity and vitamin D. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02092376. Registered on 17 March 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition - SIPCAN, Guggenbichlerstraße 8/15, 5026, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Renate Kruschitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Hoppichler
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition - SIPCAN, Guggenbichlerstraße 8/15, 5026, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Kienbacher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Melanie Kral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Felix Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Luger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Traussnigg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tanja Würger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Schindler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Gorman S, Black LJ, Feelisch M, Hart PH, Weller R. Can skin exposure to sunlight prevent liver inflammation? Nutrients 2015; 7:3219-39. [PMID: 25951129 PMCID: PMC4446748 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver inflammation contributes towards the pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we discuss how skin exposure to sunlight may suppress liver inflammation and the severity of NAFLD. Following exposure to sunlight-derived ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the skin releases anti-inflammatory mediators such as vitamin D and nitric oxide. Animal modeling studies suggest that exposure to UVR can prevent the development of NAFLD. Association studies also support a negative link between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and NAFLD incidence or severity. Clinical trials are in their infancy and are yet to demonstrate a clear beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation. There are a number of potentially interdependent mechanisms whereby vitamin D could dampen liver inflammation, by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis, modulating the gut microbiome and through altered production and transport of bile acids. While there has been a focus on vitamin D, other mediators induced by sun exposure, such as nitric oxide may also play important roles in curtailing liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia.
| | - Richard Weller
- University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Calgaroto NS, da Costa P, Cardoso AM, Pereira LB, Vieira JM, Dalenogare D, Pelinson LP, Baldissarelli J, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Vitamin D3 prevents the increase in ectonucleotidase activities and ameliorates lipid profile in type 1 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 405:11-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Calgaroto NS, Thomé GR, da Costa P, Baldissareli J, Hussein FA, Schmatz R, Rubin MA, Signor C, Ribeiro DA, Carvalho FB, de Oliveira LS, Pereira LB, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Effect of vitamin D3on behavioural and biochemical parameters in diabetes type 1-induced rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:502-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicéia Spanholi Calgaroto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roberto Thomé
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Pauline da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissareli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fátima Abdala Hussein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Roberta Schmatz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maribel A. Rubin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Cristiane Signor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Daniela Aymone Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Lizielle Souza de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Luciane Belmonte Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário; Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Moylan S, Berk M, Dean OM, Samuni Y, Williams LJ, O'Neil A, Hayley AC, Pasco JA, Anderson G, Jacka FN, Maes M. Oxidative & nitrosative stress in depression: why so much stress? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:46-62. [PMID: 24858007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many studies support a crucial role for oxidative & nitrosative stress (O&NS) in the pathophysiology of unipolar and bipolar depression. These disorders are characterized inter alia by lowered antioxidant defenses, including: lower levels of zinc, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E and glutathione; increased lipid peroxidation; damage to proteins, DNA and mitochondria; secondary autoimmune responses directed against redox modified nitrosylated proteins and oxidative specific epitopes. This review examines and details a model through which a complex series of environmental factors and biological pathways contribute to increased redox signaling and consequently increased O&NS in mood disorders. This multi-step process highlights the potential for future interventions that encompass a diverse range of environmental and molecular targets in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moylan
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Yuval Samuni
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amie C Hayley
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Northwest Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Gandhe MB, Jain K, Gandhe SM. Evaluation of 25(OH) Vitamin D3 with Reference to Magnesium Status and Insulin Resistance in T2DM. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:2438-41. [PMID: 24392366 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6578.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium is a recognized second messenger implicated in insulin secretion. Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, Calcitriol) plays a role in calcium metabolism. This explains the indirect role of Vitamin D in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Hence, low Vitamin D levels are implicated in decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance. In this study, we tried to find out the probable association of Vitamin D3, calcium and magnesium with reference to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases. It is well documented that measurement of circulating 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol {25 (OH)Vitamin D3} is a marker of total Vitamin D status. METHODOLOGY We measured 25(OH) Vitamin D3 levels in thirty T2DM subjects with thirty age and sex matched healthy controls. We estimated Vitamin D status, calcium and magnesium levels in the light of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Twenty five (OH) Vitamin-D3 level was significantly low among T2DM cases (12.29+2.32ng/ml) in comparison to healthy controls (19.55+0.50ng/ml) (p<0.01). The levels of calcium and magnesium were also significantly low in T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls (p<0.01). There was significant negative correlation between Vitamin D status and insulin levels, and insulin resistance (p<0.01). IMPLICATION A significant negative correlation between Vitamin D status and insulin levels suggest that the supplementation of Vitamin D has the potential to increase insulin sensitivity and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Bhauraoji Gandhe
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
| | - Keerthi Jain
- Intern, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute , Pondicherry, India
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Eliades M, Spyrou E, Agrawal N, Lazo M, Brancati FL, Potter JJ, Koteish AA, Clark JM, Guallar E, Hernaez R. Meta-analysis: vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:246-54. [PMID: 23786213 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. AIM To review systematically the association between vitamin D levels, measured as serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and NAFLD. METHODS We used PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify all studies that assessed the association between vitamin D and NAFLD up until 22 April 2013, without language restrictions. We included studies that compared vitamin D levels between NAFLD cases and controls and also those that compared the odds of vitamin D deficiency by NAFLD status. Pooled standardised differences and odds ratios were calculated using an inverse variance method. RESULTS Seventeen cross-sectional and case-control studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D and NAFLD. NAFLD was diagnosed using biopsy (4 studies), ultrasound or CT (10 studies) and liver enzymes (3 studies). Nine studies provided data for a quantitative meta-analysis. Compared to controls, NAFLD patients had 0.36 ng/mL (95% CI: 0.32, 0.40 ng/mL) lower levels of 25(OH)D and were 1.26 times more likely to be vitamin D deficient (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.35). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD patients have decreased serum 25(OH)D concentrations, suggesting that vitamin D may play a role in the development of NAFLD. The directionality of this association cannot be determined from cross-sectional studies. Demonstration of a causal role of hypovitaminosis D in NAFLD development in future studies could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eliades
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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The role of vitamin d in primary biliary cirrhosis: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:602321. [PMID: 23589715 PMCID: PMC3622384 DOI: 10.1155/2013/602321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with PBC, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on liver cell physiology. Vitamin D has antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects on liver fibrosis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to PBC pathology (e.g., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, apolipoprotein E, Nramp1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4). Vitamin D also exerts its effect on PBC through cell signaling mechanisms, that is, matrix metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and the transforming growth factor betas. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a beneficial role in the treatment of PBC. The best form of vitamin D for use in the PBC is calcitriol because it is the active form of vitamin D3 metabolite, and its receptors are present in the sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells of normal livers, as well as in the biliary cell line.
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