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Alarabei AA, Abd Aziz NAL, AB Razak NI, Abas R, Bahari H, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Abdul Majid AMS, Basir R. Immunomodulating Phytochemicals: An Insight Into Their Potential Use in Cytokine Storm Situations. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:105-119. [PMID: 38585461 PMCID: PMC10997936 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that possess a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of phytochemicals in targeting specific signalling pathways involved in cytokine storm, a life-threatening clinical condition resulting from excessive immune cell activation and oversupply of proinflammatory cytokines. Several studies have documented the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals on immune function, including their ability to regulate essential cellular and molecular interactions of immune system cells. This makes them a promising alternative for cytokine storm management, especially when combined with existing chemotherapies. Furthermore, phytochemicals have been found to target multiple signalling pathways, including the TNF-α/NF-κB, IL-1/NF-κB, IFN-γ/JAK/STAT, and IL-6/JAK-STAT. These pathways play critical roles in the development and progression of cytokine storm, and targeting them with phytochemicals represents a promising strategy for controlling cytokine release and the subsequent inflammation. Studies have also investigated certain families of plant-related constituents and their potential immunomodulatory actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have reported the immunomodulatory effects of phytochemicals, which provide viable alternatives in the management of cytokine storm syndrome. The collective data from previous studies suggest that phytochemicals represent a potentially functional source of cytokine storm treatment and promote further exploration of these compounds as immunomodulatory agents for suppressing specific signalling cascade responses. Overall, the previous research findings support the use of phytochemicals as a complementary approach in managing cytokine storm and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Abdullah Alarabei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aimi Liyana Abd Aziz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izah AB Razak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- Natureceuticals Sdn Bhd, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sg. Petani, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chatzopoulou S, Dimitros E, Massaro M, Cicchella A, Jamurtas A, Kouidi E, Tsiptsios D, Kenny GP, Kaltsatou A. Blackcurrant Supplementation and Habitual Physical Activity Enhance Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Previously Sedentary Older Women. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:210-219. [PMID: 38317475 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098261936231223164430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of functional capacity negatively impacts the quality of life in older adults. OBJECTIVE This single-site randomized controlled study examined whether short- (one week) and long-term (three months) blackcurrant supplementations combined with habitual physical activity would improve functional capacity and quality of life in previously sedentary older women. METHODS Thirty sedentary, healthy older women were randomly assigned to receive blackcurrant supplementation (400 mg of blackcurrant extract) (Polyphenol group, n=15; 74.2±10.0 years) or no supplementation (capsules of 400 mg of corn flour) (Placebo group, n=15; 72.8±8.7 years). Each group consumed two capsules daily for one week and three months, with a washout period of one week between the two phases. The polyphenol group was required to increase habitual activity levels. Participants underwent a functional capacity assessment consisting of a sixminute walk, sit-to-stand test, Berg balance scale measurement and quality of life evaluation with the Scale of Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) at the start, after one week, and after three months of supplementation. RESULTS Walking distance and time to sit-to-stand improved by 2.5% (p=0.005) and 7.5% (p=0.005), respectively, after one week in the polyphenol group. After 3 months, walking distance in the six-minute walk test increased by 12.3% (p=0.001) while the time to sit-to-stand decreased by 16% (p=0.002) in the polyphenol compared to placebo group, respectively. No differences in Berg balance scale were observed. Quality of life, indexed by LSI, improved by 39% (p=0.001) in the polyphenol compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Blackcurrant supplementation, combined with habitual activity, may enhance functional capacity and quality of life in older women, offering a potential strategy to maintain independence. However, future studies should address longer durations to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marika Massaro
- Quality of Life Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicchella
- Quality of Life Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Athanasios Jamurtas
- Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Antonia Kaltsatou
- Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Greece
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Alshahrani SH, Al-Attar Z, Daabo HMA, Alshahrani NZ, Al-Shawi SG, Núñez EFD, Hussien BM, Hjazi A, Hassan ZF. Dietary polyphenol intake, body composition and components of metabolic syndrome in a sample overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 38012598 PMCID: PMC10680328 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) including improved lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and reduced systemic inflammation has revealed previously. However, the results of numerous studies are not consistent and it seems that these health effects are attributed to some of DPI. In the current research, we evaluated the health benefits of DPI on metabolic markers and glycemic markers among overweight and obese individuals. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 487 individuals with overweight and obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the amount of dietary polyphenol intake were calculated based on the information derived from Phenol-Explorer database ( www.phenolexplorer.eu/contents ). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Biochemical assays including fasting blood sugar, insulin and serum lipids' concentrations were measured by enzymatic methods. RESULTS According to our results, males were more likely to be at the highest tertile of DPI (P = 0.04). Also, those at the highest tertile of DPI had higher fat free mass and physical activity level (P < 0.05). Lower TG level in highest tertile of DPI in crude model was also observed, but, it lost its significant threshold after adjustment for confounders. Subjects at the second tertile of DPI were more likely to have lower systolic blood pressure in the sex and age adjusted model [OR = 0.970; CI = 0.940-1.000; P = 0.049]. For other biochemical variables, no significant association was observed. CONCLUSION In the current study, total dietary polyphenol intake was associated with lower SBP among overweight and obese individuals. Further studies are warranted to better elucidate the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, King Khalid University, Almahala, khamis mushate, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zaid Al-Attar
- Al-Kindy College of Medicine, HLA unit, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Foglio E, D’Avorio E, Vitiello L, Masuelli L, Bei R, Pacifici F, Della-Morte D, Mirabilii S, Ricciardi MR, Tafuri A, Garaci E, Russo MA, Tafani M, Limana F. Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Senescence Is Alleviated Following Treatment with Combined Polyphenols and Micronutrients through Enhancement in Mitophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2605. [PMID: 37998340 PMCID: PMC10670650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and impaired mitophagy are the hallmarks of cardiomyocyte senescence. Specifically, a decrease in mitophagic flux leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the development of senescence through increased ROS and other mediators. In this study, we describe the preventive role of A5+, a mix of polyphenols and other micronutrients, in doxorubicin (DOXO)-induced senescence of H9C2 cells. Specifically, H9C2 cells exposed to DOXO showed an increase in the protein expression proteins of senescence-associated genes, p21 and p16, and a decrease in the telomere binding factors TRF1 and TRF2, indicative of senescence induction. Nevertheless, A5+ pre-treatment attenuated the senescent-like cell phenotype, as evidenced by inhibition of all senescent markers and a decrease in SA-β-gal staining in DOXO-treated H9C2 cells. Importantly, A5+ restored the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, Parkin and BNIP3 expression, therefore rescuing mitophagy, and decreased ROS production. Further, A5+ pre-treatment determined a ripolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and improved basal respiration. A5+-mediated protective effects might be related to its ability to activate mitochondrial SIRT3 in synergy with other micronutrients, but in contrast with SIRT4 activation. Accordingly, SIRT4 knockdown in H9C2 cells further increased MnSOD activity, enhanced mitophagy, and reduced ROS generation following A5+ pre-treatment and DOXO exposure compared to WT cells. Indeed, we demonstrated that A5+ protects H9C2 cells from DOXO-induced senescence, establishing a new specific role for A5+ in controlling mitochondrial quality control by restoring SIRT3 activity and mitophagy, which provided a molecular basis for the development of therapeutic strategies against cardiomyocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Erica D’Avorio
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
| | | | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Federica Limana
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (E.G.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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Goh BH, Cheng HS, Alexandra PTAA, Ting KN, Palanisamy UD, Tan JBL. Geraniin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodelling in a Diet-Induced Obese Animal Model through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:2696. [PMID: 37375598 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geraniin, an ellagitannin, has shown a potent blood pressure-lowering effect in vivo. Therefore, this study aims to further characterize the ability of geraniin to attenuate hypertensive vascular dysfunction, a key feature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, followed by oral administration of 25 mg/kg/day geraniin for four weeks. The parameters of vascular dysfunction such as the structure and function of blood vessels as well as the vascular oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The outcomes of geraniin-treated rats were compared with those of untreated rats on either a normal diet (ND) or HFD and with HFD-fed rats treated with captopril (40 mg/kg/day). We found that geraniin supplementation effectively ameliorated HFD-induced hypertension and abnormal remodelling of the thoracic aorta by suppressing excessive vascular superoxide (O2-) radical generation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the circulating leukocytes. Furthermore, compared to the ND-fed rats, geraniin also independently promoted the significant enlargement of the thoracic aortic lumen for blood pressure reduction. Notably, the vascular benefits of geraniin were comparable to that of captopril. Collectively, these data suggest that geraniin can mitigate hypertensive vascular remodelling caused by overnutrition, which potentially abrogates the further development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Hee Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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7
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Hedayati N, Yaghoobi A, Salami M, Gholinezhad Y, Aghadavood F, Eshraghi R, Aarabi MH, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Mirzaei H, Hajijafari M, Mafi A, Rezaee M. Impact of polyphenols on heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1174816. [PMID: 37293283 PMCID: PMC10244790 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1174816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in regular diets and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Regarding the inadequacy of the current treatments in preventing cardiac remodeling following cardiovascular diseases, attention has been focused on improving cardiac function with potential alternatives such as polyphenols. The following online databases were searched for relevant orginial published from 2000 to 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols on heart failure and keywords were "heart failure" and "polyphenols" and "cardiac hypertrophy" and "molecular mechanisms". Our results indicated polyphenols are repeatedly indicated to regulate various heart failure-related vital molecules and signaling pathways, such as inactivating fibrotic and hypertrophic factors, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production, the underlying causes of apoptosis, and also improving lipid profile and cellular metabolism. In the current study, we aimed to review the most recent literature and investigations on the underlying mechanism of actions of different polyphenols subclasses in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure to provide deep insight into novel mechanistic treatments and direct future studies in this context. Moreover, due to polyphenols' low bioavailability from conventional oral and intravenous administration routes, in this study, we have also investigated the currently accessible nano-drug delivery methods to optimize the treatment outcomes by providing sufficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and less off-target effects, as desired by precision medicine standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aghadavood
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajijafari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Onuh JO, Dawkins NL, Aluko RE. Cardiovascular disease protective properties of blueberry polyphenols (Vaccinium corymbosum): a concise review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIncreasing epidemiological evidence suggests inverse association between consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic syndrome disorders, certain types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and other forms of human chronic diseases. This may be due to the contents of some bioactive phytochemicals, especially polyphenols, which are abundant in fruits and vegetables and have antioxidant effects. Berry fruits are reported to have the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) among fruits. They may protect against CVD and hypertension either directly or in tandem with other cellular mechanisms. Blueberry anthocyanins have been reported to exhibit cardiovascular protective health effects by preventing cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory damages to the endothelium through several mechanisms. Such mechanisms may involve suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators, protection against ischemic damage of the heart as well as cardiomyocyte survival, lower systolic and mean arterial pressures and renal nitrite content in addition to multiple other beneficial effects. However, several limitations in existing studies make it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the preventive effects of blueberries and other polyphenols-rich foods, especially as data supporting a causal relationship between direct antioxidant capacity and CVD are insufficient or limited. It is also unclear, which molecules exert this effect since few studies with isolated polyphenols have been conducted in addition to a lack of proper understanding of other mechanisms that may be involved. This review is, therefore aimed at discussing some of the current literature information on the cardiovascular protective effects of blueberries with suggestions for future research directions.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical abstract demonstrating the overall mechanisms of CVD protection by blueberry and blueberry polyphenols and anthocyanins. Blueberry consumption leads to reduced CVD complications due to the modulation of several mechanisms associated with CVD.
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Woolf EK, Terwoord JD, Litwin NS, Vazquez AR, Lee SY, Ghanem N, Michell KA, Smith BT, Grabos LE, Ketelhut NB, Bachman NP, Smith ME, Le Sayec M, Rao S, Gentile CL, Weir TL, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Seals DR, Dinenno FA, Johnson SA. Daily blueberry consumption for 12 weeks improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure through reductions in oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:2621-2641. [PMID: 36847333 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women have oxidative stress-mediated suppression of endothelial function that is exacerbated by high blood pressure. Previous research suggests blueberries may improve endothelial function through reductions in oxidative stress, while also exerting other cardiovascular benefits. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of blueberries to improve endothelial function and blood pressure in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure, and to identify potential mechanisms for improvements in endothelial function. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial was performed, where postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years with elevated blood pressure or stage 1-hypertension (total n = 43, endothelial function n = 32) consumed 22 g day-1 of freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder or placebo powder for 12 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks through ultrasound measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) normalized to shear rate area under the curve (FMD/SRAUC) before and after intravenous infusion of a supraphysiologic dose of ascorbic acid to evaluate whether FMD improvements were mediated by reduced oxidative stress. Hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, cardiometabolic blood biomarkers, and plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were assessed at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and venous endothelial cell protein expression was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Absolute FMD/SRAUC was 96% higher following blueberry consumption compared to baseline (p < 0.05) but unchanged in the placebo group (p > 0.05), and changes from baseline to 12 weeks were greater in the blueberry group than placebo (+1.09 × 10-4 ± 4.12 × 10-5vs. +3.82 × 10-6 ± 1.59 × 10-5, p < 0.03, respectively). The FMD/SRAUC response to ascorbic acid infusion was lower (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the blueberry group with no change in the placebo group (p > 0.05). The sum of plasma (poly)phenol metabolites increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks in the blueberry group compared to baseline, and were higher than the placebo group (all p < 0.05). Increases in several plasma flavonoid and microbial metabolites were also noted. No major differences were found for blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood biomarkers, or endothelial cell protein expression following blueberry consumption. These findings suggest daily consumption of freeze-dried blueberry powder for 12 weeks improves endothelial function through reduced oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with above-normal blood pressure. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03370991 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Woolf
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Janée D Terwoord
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicole S Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Allegra R Vazquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Sylvia Y Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nancy Ghanem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Kiri A Michell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Brayden T Smith
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lauren E Grabos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Nathaniel B Ketelhut
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nate P Bachman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meghan E Smith
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christopher L Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank A Dinenno
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Epure A, Pârvu AE, Vlase L, Benedec D, Hanganu D, Oniga O, Vlase AM, Ielciu I, Toiu A, Oniga I. New Approaches on the Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Properties of Taraxacum officinale Tincture. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030358. [PMID: 36986458 PMCID: PMC10053582 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities, as well as the antioxidant potential of Taraxacum officinale tincture (TOT), in relation to the polyphenolic composition. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques were used to determine the polyphenolic profile of TOT and the antioxidant activity was preliminarily assessed in vitro by DPPH• and FRAP spectrophotometric methods. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities were studied in rat turpentine-induced inflammation and in rat isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction (MI) models. The main polyphenolic compound identified in TOT was cichoric acid. The oxidative stress determinations showed the capacity of the dandelion tincture not only to decrease the total oxidative stress (TOS), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), but also the malondialdehide (MDA), thiols (SH), and nitrites/nitrates (NOx) levels both in inflammation and MI models. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) parameters were decreased by the administration of the tincture. The results show that T. officinale could be considered a valuable source of natural compounds with important benefits in pathologies linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Epure
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina E. Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Toiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Coletro HN, Bressan J, Diniz AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Pimenta AM, Meireles AL, Mendonça RDD, Carraro JCC. Total Polyphenol Intake, Polyphenol Subtypes, and Prevalence of Hypertension in the CUME Cohort. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:15-26. [PMID: 34648393 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1977735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Epidemiological studies have shown associations between polyphenol consumption and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between polyphenol intake and the prevalence of hypertension.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME) project. Participants completed an online food frequency questionnaire, and polyphenol intake was assessed using the Phenol-Explorer database and articles. Hypertension was determined by a medical diagnosis, having a blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg/80 mmHg, or using antihypertensive drugs. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the prevalence of hypertension.Results:The prevalence of hypertension was 39.57%, and the average intake of total polyphenols was 860.79 mg/day. The highest (5th quintile) intake of flavonoids (mean: 368.46mg/day; OR: 0.83; 95%CI 0.70; 0.97), hydroxybenzoic acids (mean: 379.38mg/day; OR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.66;0.91), and flavonols (mean: 44.13mg/day; OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.67; 0.93) was inversely associated with hypertension prevalence, compared to the lowest intake (1st quintile).Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that the intake of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonols is associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Nascimento Coletro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Popolino Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Marçal Pimenta
- Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Al-Dujaili EAS, Casey C, Stockton A. Antioxidant Properties and Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects of a Natural Extract of Pomegranate in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Preliminary Single-Blind Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2124. [PMID: 36358496 PMCID: PMC9686489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomegranates are known to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects mainly due to their pleiotropic effects on various cellular pathways, especially those triggered by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural standardized pomegranate (PE) extract on cardiovascular risk factors in 24 healthy volunteers who participated in a randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled study. There were 12 subjects in the PE group and 12 in the placebo group. Variables were measured at baseline and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation are anthropometry, BP, pulse wave velocity, fat and lean body mass, salivary and urinary cortisol, and cortisone, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. Urinary total phenolics excretion and antioxidant capacity were significantly increased after 14 and 28 days of PE intake. At day 28, there were also statistically significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity, body fat and fat mass, as well as an increase in lean body mass. Significant changes in the placebo group were not found. Glucocorticoid levels showed a significant decrease in saliva cortisol at day 28 (morning) in the PE group, and cortisol/cortisone ratio was significantly decreased following 28 days of PE intake at morning, noon, and evening. Urine free cortisol was significantly reduced at day 14. These findings suggest that pomegranate extract intake may improve antioxidant and oxidative stress status and play a beneficial role in the attenuation of some cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies should concentrate on overweight and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. S. Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Ciara Casey
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Angela Stockton
- Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, Scotland, UK
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13
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Asiwe JN, Kolawole TA, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Ojetola AA, Moke EG, Nwangwa EK. Up-regulation of B-cell lymphoma factor-2 expression, inhibition of oxidative stress and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the protective effect of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) juice in lead-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127014. [PMID: 35653936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxido-inflammatory stress and dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) system has been implicated in lead toxicity. Cabbage is an antioxidant-rich household vegetable with plethora of therapeutic potentials. The present study investigated the anti-oxido-inflammatory activity of cabbage in lead-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were selected into four groups (n = 5) and treated with distilled water (1 mL/100 g b.wt), lead acetate (25 mg/kg b.wt), cabbage juice (1 mL/100 g b.wt) and lead acetate (25 mg/kg b.wt) plus cabbage juice (1 mL/100 g b.wt) respectively. Treatment was done orally for 28 days, thereafter, oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA), inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and apoptotic (Bcl-2) markers were assayed using standard biochemical assays as well as histoarchitectural study of the endothelium. RESULTS The results showed that they were significant increase in MDA, ET-1, TNF-α and IL-6 while SOD, GSH, CAT, NO and Bcl-2 protein expression were decreased in Lead exposed animals. Endothelial histoarchitecture was also altered. Following Cabbage juice treatment, MDA, ET-I, TNF-α and IL-6 were down-regulated while SOD, GSH, CAT, NO and Bcl-2 protein expression were up-regulated. Histoarchitecture was significantly recovered. CONCLUSION The study suggests that cabbage juice could mitigates Lead-induced endothelial dysfunction by modulating oxido-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mediators. DATA AVAILABILITY All data are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ndudi Asiwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Tolunigba Abisola Kolawole
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Emuesiri Goodies Moke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Eze Kingsley Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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14
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacity of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical Measured by Urinary Oxylipin Concentration in a Healthy Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071342. [PMID: 35883832 PMCID: PMC9312146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins, lipid biomarkers of inflammation are considered the gold standard method to evaluate the inflammatory and antioxidant status. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of a polyphenolic extract shot in the form of a nutraceutical was able to reduce inflammation, measured in urine markers. Ninety-two participants (45 males, 47 females, age 34 ± 11 years, weight 73.10 ± 14.29 kg, height 1.72 ± 9 cm, BMI 24.40 ± 3.43 kg/m2) completed the study after an intervention of two 16-week periods consuming extract or placebo separated by a 4-week washout period. The results showed significant differences in terms of reduction of different pro-inflammatory oxylipins (15-keto-PGF2α (from 0.90 ± 0.25 ng/mL to 0.74 ± 0.19 ng/mL p < 0.05), ent-PGF2α (from 1.59 ± 0.37 ng/mL to 1.44 ± 0.32 ng/mL p < 0.05), 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-Isop) (from 1.17 ± 0.35 ng/mL to 1.02 ± 0.27 ng/mL p < 0.05), in total oxylipins count (from 8.03 ± 1.86 ng/mL to 7.25 ± 1.23 ng/mL p < 0.05), and increase in PGE2 (from 1.02 ± 0.38 ng/mL to 1.26 ± 0.38 ng/mL p < 0.05) which has an anti-inflammatory character, after extract consumption compared to placebo. The available data seem to indicate that long-term consumption of a nutraceutical with high polyphenol content improves inflammation and oxidation parameters measured in urine, through UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS.
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15
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Overview of Nutraceuticals and Cardiometabolic Diseases following Socio-Economic Analysis. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of functional food and nutraceutical products to deal with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained attention in the past few years. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the potential and effectiveness of nutraceutical in the improvement of CMDs and MetS biomarkers, alongside their burden of disease and economic health expenditure. A science database search was conducted between May and June 2021. A total of 35 studies were included in this paper. We included male and female subjects, children, and adults, in good health or with cardiovascular or metabolic disease. CMDs and MetS have gradually become worldwide health problems, becoming two of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in western countries. The results indicate a positive link between daily consumption of nutraceutical products and an improvement in cardiometabolic and anthropometric biomarkers. In this paper we included a wide range of nutraceutical products. Most of them showed promising data, indicating that nutraceuticals could provide a new therapeutic treatment to reduce prevalence and pharmaceutical expenditures attributed to CMDs and MetS. Unfortunately, there is a huge vacuum of data on nutraceutical usage, savings, and burden reduction. Therefore, further clinical and pharmaco-economic research in the field is highly required.
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16
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Shang YF, Miao JH, Zeng J, Zhang TH, Zhang RM, Zhang BY, Wang C, Ma YL, Niu XL, Ni XL, Wei ZJ. Evaluation of digestibility differences for apple polyphenolics using in vitro elderly and adult digestion models. Food Chem 2022; 390:133154. [PMID: 35584576 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro digestibility of apple polyphenols mimicking elderly and adult digestion models (dynamic and static systems). The digestibility of total apple polyphenols in small intestine was much higher in the adult dynamic system (62 μg/100 g fresh apple) compared to the static system (20 μg/100 g fresh apple) and elderly dynamic digestion conditions (33 μg/100 g fresh apple). Elderly in vitro static digestion showed better antioxidant activity than the adult system (OH and ABTS+ methods). Thus, the in vitro dynamic digestion system can more truly reflect the digestion of apple polyphenols than static digestion system. Moreover, elderly digestion conditions negatively influenced the digestibility of apple polyphenols including chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, phlorizin, rutin, phloretin, hyperoside, proanthocyanidin B2, and quercetin. Hence, appropriate selection of in vitro digestion models for elderly is a prerequisite to exploring the digestibility of phytochemicals for the development of functional food products for elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Shang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750000, China.
| | - Jun-Hao Miao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tian-Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui-Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Bing-Yan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yi-Long Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xiang-Li Niu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ni
- XuanCheng Food and Drug Inspection Center, XuanCheng 242000, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750000, China.
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Shirazi-Tehrani E, Chamasemani A, Firouzabadi N, Mousaei M. ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension. RNA Biol 2022; 19:575-587. [PMID: 35438046 PMCID: PMC9037439 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2066335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence indicates that polyphenols have potential protective roles for various CVDs. Hypertension (HTN) is among the hazardous CVDs accounting for nearly 8.5 million deaths worldwide. HTN is a complex and multifactorial disease and a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play major roles in its development. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. Polyphenols have shown to cause favourable and beneficial effects in the management of HTN. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as influential mediators in modulating the biological properties of polyphenols, have shown significant footprints in CVDs. ncRNAs control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct link with blood pressure (BP) regulation is highly probable. Recent evidence suggests that a number of ncRNAs, including main small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles with respect to the antihypertensive effects of polyphenols. Indeed, targeting lncRNAs by polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in the management of HTN. Herein, we reviewed the effects of polyphenols in HTN. Additionally, we emphasized on the potential effects of polyphenols on regulations of main ncRNAs, which imply the role of polyphenols in regulating ncRNAs in order to exert protective effects and thus proposing them as new targets for HTN treatment.Abbreviations : CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension, lncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs; p38-MAPK: p38-mitogenactivated protein kinase; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; cGMP: Cyclic GMP; eNOS: endothelial NO synthase; ERK ½: extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½; L-Arg: L-Arginine; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phosphorus; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3-K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol diphosphate; ncRNAs: non-protein-coding RNA; miRNAs: microRNAs; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; RES: resveratrol; GE: grape extract; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PARP1: poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; HIF1a: Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; PAD: peripheral artery disease; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; AT1R: angiotensin type-1 receptor; Nox: NADPH oxidase; HO-1: haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; irf7: interferon regulatory factor 7; limo2: LIM only domain 2; GWAS: genome-wide association study; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; Asb3, Ankyrin repeat and SPCS box containing 3; Chac2: cation transport regulator homolog 2; Pex11b: peroxisomal membrane 11B; Sp5: Sp5 transcription factor; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; ApoE: Apo lipoprotein E; ERK-MAP kinase: extracellular signal-regulated kinases-mitogen-activated protein kinase; PAH: pulmonary artery hypertension; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; HIF1a: hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; HMEC-1: Human microvascular endothelial cells; stat2: signal transducers and activators of transcription 2; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; iNOS: inducible NO synthase. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; CAD: coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirazi-Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Chamasemani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mousaei
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Effect of Dietary Phenolic Compounds on Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the SUN Project; 10 Years of Follow-Up. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040783. [PMID: 35453468 PMCID: PMC9027220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of plant-based diets have been reported. Plant-based diets found in Spain and other Mediterranean countries differ from typical diets in other countries. In the Mediterranean diet, a high intake of phenolic compounds through olives, olive oil, and red wine may play an important role in cardiovascular prevention. Prospective studies carried out in Mediterranean countries may provide interesting insights. A relatively young Mediterranean cohort of 16,147 Spanish participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was followed (61% women, mean (SD) age 37(12) years at baseline) for a median of 12.2 years. Dietary intake was repeatedly assessed using a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire, and (poly)phenol intake was obtained using the Phenol-Explorer database. Participants were classified as incident cases of CVD if a medical diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death was medically confirmed. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between (poly)phenol intake and the incidence of major CVD. A suboptimal intake of phenolic compounds was independently associated with a higher risk of CVD, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for the lowest versus top 4 quintiles: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.09–3.16). A moderate-to-high dietary intake of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, is likely to reduce CVD incidence in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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19
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Garba MS, Bouderbala S. Olive cake reduces blood pressure, oxidative stress, aortic endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling, in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Hypertension is a global public health problem and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we study the effect of olive cake (OC) on blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, redox status and vascular remodeling in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive (HT) rats. METHODS: HT rats were divided into two groups fed standard diet supplemented (HT-OC) or not (HT) with OC at 7.5% for 28 days. A control (C) was submitted to standard diet for the same experimental period. RESULTS: Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were higher in the HT vs C and decreased in HT-OC vs HT. Aortic nitric oxide value was decreased in the HT vs the C and increased in HT-OC vs HT. Aortic lipid and protein oxidation products were higher in the HT than C and lower in the HT-OC vs HT. Aortic antioxidant enzymes activities were reduced in HT than control and increased in the HT-OC vs HT. The aortic wall thickness, medial cross-sectional area, media to lumen ratio and the number of VSMCs were higher in the HT and the OC has regressed vascular redemptions. CONCLUSION: In hypertensive rats, OC may alleviate blood pressure and arterial remodeling by suppressing oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant activity, improving endothelial function, preventing smooth muscle proliferation and thickening of the tunica media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansourou Samba Garba
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie. Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algérie
| | - Sherazede Bouderbala
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie. Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran, Algérie
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The intake of flavonoids, stilbenes, and tyrosols, mainly consumed through red wine and virgin olive oil, is associated with lower carotid and femoral subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary calcium. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2697-2709. [PMID: 35254491 PMCID: PMC9279214 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It is suggested that polyphenols back the cardiovascular protection offered by the Mediterranean diet. This study evaluates the association of specific types of dietary polyphenols with prevalent subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged subjects. Methods Ultrasonography and TC were performed on 2318 men from the Aragon Workers Health Study, recruited between 2011 and 2014, to assess the presence of plaques in carotid and femoral arteries and coronary calcium. Polyphenol intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food frequency questionnaire. The Phenol Explorer database was used to derive polyphenol class intake. Logistic and linear regressions were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of polyphenols intake with femoral and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and coronary calcium. Results A higher intake of flavonoids (third vs. first tertile) was associated with a lower risk of both carotid (OR 0.80: CI 95% 0.62–1.02; P trend 0.094) and femoral (0.62: 0.48–0.80, P trend < 0.001) subclinical atherosclerosis. A higher intake of stilbenes was associated with a lower risk of femoral subclinical atherosclerosis (0.62: 0.46–0.83; P trend 0.009) and positive coronary calcium (0.75: 0.55–1.03; P trend 0.131). A higher intake of tyrosols was also associated with a lower risk of positive coronary calcium (0.80: 0.62–1.03; P trend 0.111). The associations remained similar when adjusted for blood lipids and blood pressure. Conclusion Dietary flavonoids, stilbenes, and tyrosols, whose main sources are red wine and virgin olive oil, are associated with lower prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged subjects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02823-0.
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Enhancement of the Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Delphinidin When Encapsulated within Small Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124378. [PMID: 34959929 PMCID: PMC8703615 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The anthocyanin delphinidin exhibits anti-angiogenic properties both in in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis models. However, in vivo delphinidin is poorly absorbed, thus its modest bioavailability and stability reduce its anti-angiogenic effects. The present work takes advantage of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) properties to enhance both the stability and efficacy of delphinidin. When encapsulated in sEVs, delphinidin inhibits the different stages of angiogenesis on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs). (2) Methods: sEVs from immature dendritic cells were produced and loaded with delphinidin. A method based on UHPLC-HRMS was implemented to assess delphinidin metabolites within sEVs. Proliferation assay, nitric oxide (NO) production and Matrigel assay were evaluated in HAoECs. (3) Results: Delphinidine, 3-O-β-rutinoside and Peonidin-3-galactoside were found both in delphinidin and delphinidin-loaded sEVs. sEV-loaded delphinidin increased the potency of free delphinidin 2-fold for endothelial proliferation, 10-fold for endothelial NO production and 100-fold for capillary-like formation. Thus, sEV-loaded delphinidin exerts effects on the different steps of angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: sEVs may be considered as a promising approach to deliver delphinidin to target angiogenesis-related diseases, including cancer and pathologies associated with excess vascularization.
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Brito VB, Nascimento LVM, Moura DJ, Saffi J. Cardioprotective Effect of Maternal Supplementation with Resveratrol on Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Offspring Cardiomyocytes. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:1147-1158. [PMID: 34644787 PMCID: PMC8757151 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A doxorrubicina (DOX) é frequentemente usada para tratar muitos tipos de cânceres, apesar da cardiotoxicidade dose-dependente. Como alternativa, o resveratrol é um polifenol que tem demonstrado efeitos cardioprotetores em vários modelos de disfunção cardíaca. Objetivo Este estudo investigou se o tratamento com resveratrol em ratas gestantes protege contra toxicidade induzida por doxorrubicina em cardiomiócitos da ninhada. Métodos Ratas Wistar (n-8) receberam sresveratrol como suplemento alimentar durante a gestação. No nascimento da ninhada, os corações (9-11) foram usados para se obter a cultura primária de cardiomiócitos. A cardiotoxicidade induzida por DOX e os efeitos da suplementação com resveratrol foram avaliados por marcadores de stress oxidativo, tais como oxidação da diclorofluoresceína diacetato, diminuição da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, e oxidação do teor total de grupos sulfidrila, além da avaliação da viabilidade celular, geração de danos ao DNA, bem como a resposta de reparo aos danos ao DNA. Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Os cardiomiócitos de neonatos de ratas que receberam suplemento resveratrol apresentaram um aumento (p <0,01) na viabilidade das células, e diminuição (p <0,0001) de células apoptóticas/necróticas após o tratamento com DOX, o que está correlacionado às atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e produção de diclorofluoresceína. Além disso, o resveratrol protegeu os cardiomiócitos de danos ao DNA induzidos por DOX, apresentando uma diminuição (p <0,05) nas quebras de DNA induzidas por stress oxidativo, avaliadas pela atividade de enzimas reparadoras do DNA endonuclease III e formamidopirimidina glicosilase. A suplementação com resveratrol aumentou (p <0,05) a expressão da proteína reparadora Sirt6 nos cardiomiócitos dos filhotes. Conclusão Essa pesquisa indica que a suplementação com resveratrol durante o período gestacional tem um efeito cardioprotetor no coração da ninhada contra a toxicidade induzida por DOX, o que pode se dever a sua função antioxidante, e o aumento na resposta de danos ao DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Bidinotto Brito
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil.,Faculdades Integradas de Taquara , Taquara , RS - Brasil
| | | | | | - Jenifer Saffi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
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Bernini R, Velotti F. Natural Polyphenols as Immunomodulators to Rescue Immune Response Homeostasis: Quercetin as a Research Model against Severe COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195803. [PMID: 34641348 PMCID: PMC8510228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is leading to the worst health crisis of this century. It emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world, producing a broad spectrum of clinical disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to death (4.3 million victims so far). Consequently, the scientific research is devoted to investigating the mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis to both identify specific therapeutic drugs and develop vaccines. Although immunological mechanisms driving COVID-19 pathogenesis are still largely unknown, new understanding has emerged about the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which are mainly focused on the dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19. Polyphenols are naturally occurring products with immunomodulatory activity, playing a relevant role in reducing inflammation and preventing the onset of serious chronic diseases. Mainly based on data collected before the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, polyphenols have been recently suggested as promising agents to fight COVID-19, and some clinical trials have already been approved with polyphenols to treat COVID-19. The aim of this review is to analyze and discuss the in vitro and in vivo research on the immunomodulatory activity of quercetin as a research model of polyphenols, focusing on research that addresses issues related to the dysregulated immune response in severe COVID-19. From this analysis, it emerges that although encouraging data are present, they are still insufficient to recommend polyphenols as potential immunomodulatory agents against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (F.V.)
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24
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Skrajnowska D, Brumer M, Kankowska S, Matysek M, Miazio N, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Covid 19: Diet Composition and Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:2980. [PMID: 34578858 PMCID: PMC8472186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The cumulative number of cases reported globally is now nearly 197 million and the number of cumulative deaths is 4.2 million (26 July to 1 August 2021). Currently we are focusing primarily on keeping a safe distance from others, washing our hands, and wearing masks, and the question of the effects of diet and diet-dependent risk factors remains outside the center of attention. Nevertheless, numerous studies indicate that diet can play an important role in the course of COVID-19. In this paper, based on select scientific reports, we discuss the structure and replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors, dietary standards for sick patients, and the roles of the microbiome and dietary components supporting the immune system in preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (N.M.)
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25
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Zam W, Kumar M, Cardoso SM, Pereira OR, Ademiluyi AO, Adeleke O, Moreira AC, Živković J, Noriega F, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Faizi M, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, Butnariu M, Bagiu IC, Bagiu RV, Alshehri MM, Cho WC. Phenolic Bioactives as Antiplatelet Aggregation Factors: The Pivotal Ingredients in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2195902. [PMID: 34447485 PMCID: PMC8384526 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2195902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the main causes of mortality in the world. The development of these diseases has a specific factor-alteration in blood platelet activation. It has been shown that phenolic compounds have antiplatelet aggregation abilities and a positive impact in the management of CVD, exerting prominent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardioprotective, antihyperglycemic, and antimicrobial effects. Thus, this review is intended to address the antiplatelet activity of phenolic compounds with special emphasis in preventing CVD, along with the mechanisms of action through which they are able to prevent and treat CVD. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown beneficial effects of phenolic compound-rich plant extracts and isolated compounds against CVD, despite that the scientific literature available on the antiplatelet aggregation ability of phenolic compounds in vivo is scarce. Thus, despite the current advances, further studies are needed to confirm the cardioprotective potential of phenolic compounds towards their use alone or in combination with conventional drugs for effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Wissam Zam
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartous, Syria
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olivia R. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adedayo O. Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Adeleke
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Felipe Noriega
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillan 4070386, Chile
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Cristina Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania
- Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Fortunato IM, dos Santos TW, Ferraz LFC, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML. Effect of Polyphenols Intake on Obesity-Induced Maternal Programming. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072390. [PMID: 34371900 PMCID: PMC8308680 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Lucio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
| | - Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (T.W.d.S.); (L.F.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
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Wine Polyphenols and Health: Quantitative Research Literature Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between wine polyphenols and health has been receiving growing scientific attention in the last few years. To confirm this point, the proposed paper identifies the major contributors to academic journals regarding the relationships between wine polyphenols and health. The endpoints of the proposed study are to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the literature regarding the relationships between wine polyphenol and health based on a bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric data were extracted from the Scopus online database using the search string TITLE-ABS-KEY (wine AND polyphenol* AND health OR (“french paradox” OR “cardiovascular disease*” OR atherosclerosis OR microbiota) and analyzed using the VOSviewer bibliometric software to generate bubble maps and to visualize the obtained results. This perspective paper analyzes: (i) the research themes addressing the relationships between wine polyphenols and health; (ii) the major contributors’ origin, e.g., country and/or regions; (iii) the institutions where the research is based; (iv) the authors; and (v) the type of paper. These results represent a useful tool to identify emerging research directions, collaboration networks, and suggestions for more in-depth literature searches.
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Carrot Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure and Reduces Aortic Root Lesions in an Atherosclerosis-Prone Genetic Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041181. [PMID: 33918417 PMCID: PMC8065932 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that carrot consumption may be associated with a lower risk of developing several metabolic dysfunctions. Our group previously determined that the Bolero (Bo) carrot variety exhibited vascular and hepatic tropism using cellular models of cardiometabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the potential metabolic and cardiovascular protective effect of Bo, grown under two conditions (standard and biotic stress conditions (BoBS)), in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed with high fat diet (HFD). Effects on metabolic/hemodynamic parameters and on atherosclerotic lesions have been assessed. Both Bo and BoBS decreased plasma triglyceride and expression levels of genes implicated in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation. BoBS supplementation decreased body weight gain, secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein, and increased cecal propionate content. Interestingly, Bo and BoBS supplementation improved hemodynamic parameters by decreasing systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Moreover, Bo improved cardiac output. Finally, Bo and BoBS substantially reduced the aortic root lesion area. These results showed that Bo and BoBS enriched diets corrected most of the metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in an atherosclerosis-prone genetic mouse model and may therefore represent an interesting nutritional approach for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Andreadou I, Daiber A, Baxter GF, Brizzi MF, Di Lisa F, Kaludercic N, Lazou A, Varga ZV, Zuurbier CJ, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P. Influence of cardiometabolic comorbidities on myocardial function, infarction, and cardioprotection: Role of cardiac redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:33-52. [PMID: 33588049 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain high. Metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as well as hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with CVD. These comorbidities result in increased myocardial oxidative stress, mainly from increased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria as well as downregulation of antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative and nitrosative stress play an important role in ischemia/reperfusion injury and may account for increased susceptibility of the myocardium to infarction and myocardial dysfunction in the presence of the comorbidities. Thus, while early reperfusion represents the most favorable therapeutic strategy to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury, redox therapeutic strategies may provide additive benefits, especially in patients with heart failure. While oxidative and nitrosative stress are harmful, controlled release of reactive oxygen species is however important for cardioprotective signaling. In this review we summarize the current data on the effect of hypertension and major cardiometabolic comorbidities such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, DM, NAFLD/NASH on cardiac redox homeostasis as well as on ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. We also review and discuss the therapeutic interventions that may restore the redox imbalance in the diseased myocardium in the presence of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr, Germany.
| | - Gary F Baxter
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care Anesthesiology, Department Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Polyphenol, Catechin-7,4'- O-Digallate, from Woodfordia uniflora by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mouse Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030408. [PMID: 33808759 PMCID: PMC8003360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defense mechanism that protects the body from infections. However, chronic inflammation causes damage to body tissues. Thus, controlling inflammation and investigating anti-inflammatory mechanisms are keys to preventing and treating inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. In continuation with our work related to the discovery of bioactive natural products, a polyphenol, catechin-7,4′-O-digallate (CDG), was isolated from Woodfordia uniflora, which has been used as a sedative and remedy for skin infections in the Dhofar region of Oman. Thus far, no study has reported the anti-inflammatory compounds derived from W. uniflora and the mechanisms underlying their action. To investigate the effects of CDG on the regulation of inflammation, we measured the reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production following CDG treatment in immortalized mouse Kupffer cells (ImKCs). CDG treatment inhibited NO production through the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ImKCs. The anti-inflammatory effects of CDG were mediated via the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, an important inflammatory-response-associated signaling pathway. Moreover, CDG treatment has regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1β. These results suggested the anti-inflammatory action of CDG in LPS-stimulated ImKCs.
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Kato K, Nagane M, Aihara N, Kamiie J, Miyanabe M, Hiraki S, Luo X, Nakanishi I, Shoji Y, Matsumoto KI, Yamashita T. Lipid-soluble polyphenols from sweet potato exert antitumor activity and enhance chemosensitivity in breast cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:193-200. [PMID: 34025021 PMCID: PMC8129977 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in vegetables and fruit. They have been shown to have various antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we extracted the lipid-soluble fraction of polyphenols from fermented sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). These lipid-soluble polyphenols mainly contained caffeic acid derivatives with strong antioxidant ability, which we hypothesized to affect diseases for which oxidative stress is a factor, such as cancer. We therefore investigated the antitumor and chemo-sensitizing effects of lipid-soluble polyphenols on E0771 murine breast cancer cells. The lipid-soluble polyphenols accumulated in the cells’ cytoplasm due to its high lipophilicity, and reduced reactive oxygen species through its strong antioxidant activity. The lipid-soluble polyphenols also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 by suppressing Akt activity, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. In this model, lipid-soluble polyphenols inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. These results suggest the potential of lipid-soluble polyphenols as a functional food to support cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Miyanabe
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hiraki
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Yari Z, Naser-Nakhaee Z, Karimi‐Shahrbabak E, Cheraghpour M, Hedayati M, Mohaghegh SM, Ommi S, Hekmatdoost A. Combination therapy of flaxseed and hesperidin enhances the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in cardiovascular risk control in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:3. [PMID: 33402222 PMCID: PMC7786892 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities, and its association with non-communicable chronic diseases, providing preventive and therapeutic strategies is a priority. A randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of combination therapy of milled brown flaxseed and hesperidin during lifestyle intervention on controlling cardiovascular risk in prediabetes. METHODS A total of forty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive lifestyle intervention plus combination therapy of brown flaxseed (30 g milled) and hesperidin (two 500 mg capsules) or lifestyle modification alone for 12 weeks. Changes from baseline in anthropometric measures, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers was assessed as a primary end point. RESULTS Anthropometric data comparison between the two groups showed a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.048). Waist circumference reduction was about twice that of the control group (- 6.75 cm vs - 3.57 cm), but this difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of blood pressure changes throughout the study indicated a greater reduction in blood pressure in the intervention group rather than control group (- 5.66 vs. - 1.56 mmHg, P = 0.049). Improvements of lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers in flaxseed-hesperidin group was significantly more than the control group after 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin as an adjunct to lifestyle modification program is more effective than lifestyle modification alone in the metabolic abnormalities remission of prediabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03737422. Registered 11 November 2018. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03737422&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naser-Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marjan Mohaghegh
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ommi
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Katechaki
- Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, Aeghion 25100, Greece
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ayansola H, Liao C, Dong Y, Yu X, Zhang B, Wang B. Prospect of early vascular tone and satellite cell modulations on white striping muscle myopathy. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100945. [PMID: 33652536 PMCID: PMC7936185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphasic myodegeneration potentially causes severe physiological and metabolic disorders in the breast muscle of fast-growing broiler chickens. To date, the etiology of recent muscle myopathies, such as the white striping (WS) phenotype, is still unknown. White striping–affected breast meats compromise the water holding capacity and predispose muscle to poor vascular tone, leading to the deterioration of meat qualities. Herein, this review article provides insight on the complexities around chicken breast myopathies: (i) the etiologies of WS occurrence in chicken; (ii) the metabolic changes that occur in WS defect in pectoralis major; and (iii) the interactions between breast muscle physiology and vascular tone. It also addressed the effects of nutritional supplements on muscle myopathies on chicken breast meats. Moreover, the review explored breast muscle biology focusing on the early preparation of satellite and vascular cells in fast-growth chicken breeds. Transcriptomics and histological analyses revealed poor vascularity in breast muscle of fast growth chickens. Thus, we suggest in ovo feeding of nutrients promoting vascularization and satellite cells replenishment as a potential strategy to enhance endothelium-derived nitric oxide availability to promote vascularization in the pectoralis major muscle region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Ayansola
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Giovinazzo G, Gerardi C, Uberti-Foppa C, Lopalco L. Can Natural Polyphenols Help in Reducing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients? Molecules 2020; 25:E5888. [PMID: 33322757 PMCID: PMC7763290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China during late 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. Alterations in the inflammatory cytokines pathway represent a strong signature during SARS-COV-2 infection and correlate with poor prognosis and severity of the illness. The hyper-activation of the immune system results in an acute severe systemic inflammatory response named cytokine release syndrome (CRS). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure treatments are available, although some anti-inflammatory compounds are currently in clinical trials. Studies of plant extracts and natural compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation. The aim of this manuscript is to review the published background on the possible effectiveness of polyphenols to fight SARS-COV-2 infection, contributing to the reduction of inflammation. Here, some of the anti-inflammatory therapies are discussed and although great progress has been made though this year, there is no proven cytokine blocking agents for COVID currently used in clinical practice. In this regard, bioactive phytochemicals such as polyphenols may become promising tools to be used as adjuvants in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such nutrients, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, associated to classical anti-inflammatory drugs, could help in reducing the inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Carmela Gerardi
- CNR-ISPA, Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | | | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Olivares-Caro L, Radojkovic C, Chau SY, Nova D, Bustamante L, Neira JY, Perez AJ, Mardones C. Berberis microphylla G. Forst (Calafate) Berry Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation of Human LDL. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121171. [PMID: 33255435 PMCID: PMC7760614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is a Patagonian barberry very rich in phenolic compounds. Our aim was to demonstrate, through in vitro models, that a comprehensive characterized calafate extract has a protective role against oxidative processes associated to cardiovascular disease development. Fifty-three phenolic compounds (17 of them not previously reported in calafate), were tentatively identified by Ultra-Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector, coupled to Quadrupole-Time of Fly Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF). Fatty acids profile and metals content were studied for the first time, by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Total X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), respectively. Linolenic and linoleic acid, and Cu, Zn, and Mn were the main relevant compounds from these groups. The bioactivity of calafate extract associated to the cardiovascular protection was evaluated using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and human low density lipoproteins (LDL) to measure oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The results showed that calafate extract reduced intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production (51%) and completely inhibited LDL oxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. These findings demonstrated the potential of the relevant mix of compounds found in calafate extract on lipoperoxidation and suggest a promising protective effect for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Olivares-Caro
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Claudia Radojkovic
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Si Yen Chau
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (C.R.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Daniela Nova
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Luis Bustamante
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Jose Yamil Neira
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Andy J. Perez
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (L.O.-C.); (D.N.); (L.B.); (J.Y.N.); (A.J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-983-6163-40
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Cardioprotective Activity of Selected Polyphenols Based on Epithelial and Aortic Cell Lines. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225343. [PMID: 33207683 PMCID: PMC7698279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have recently gained popularity among the general public as products and diets classified as healthy and containing naturally occurring phenols. Many polyphenolic extracts are available on the market as dietary supplements, functional foods, or cosmetics, taking advantage of clients' desire to live a healthier and longer life. However, due to the difficulty of discovering the in vivo functions of polyphenols, most of the research focuses on in vitro studies. In this review, we focused on the cardioprotective activity of different polyphenols as possible candidates for use in cardiovascular disease therapy and for improving the quality of life of patients. Thus, the studies, which were mainly based on endothelial cells, aortic cells, and some in vivo studies, were analyzed. Based on the reviewed articles, polyphenols have a few points of action, including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, decrease in reactive oxygen species production and endothelial tube formation, stimulation of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived mediator release, and others, which lead to their cardio- and/or vasoprotective effects on endothelial cells. The obtained results suggest positive effects of polyphenols, but more long-term in vivo studies demonstrating effects on mechanism of action, sensitivity, and specificity or efficacy are needed before legal health claims can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogorska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Fruits and fruit by-products as sources of bioactive compounds. Benefits and trends of lactic acid fermentation in the development of novel fruit-based functional beverages. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109854. [PMID: 33648172 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current awareness about the benefits of a balanced diet supports ongoing trends in humans towards a healthier diet. This review provides an overview of fruits and fruit-by products as sources of bioactive compounds and their extraction techniques, and the use of lactic acid fermentation of fruit juices to increase their functionality. Fruit matrices emerge as a technological alternative to be fermented by autochthonous or allochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and other Lactobacillus species), and also as probiotic vehicles. During fermentation, microbial enzymes act on several fruit phytochemicals producing new derived compounds with impact on the aroma and the functionality of the fermented drinks. Moreover, fermentation significantly reduces the sugar content improving their nutritional value and extending the shelf-life of fruit-based beverages. The generation of new probiotic beverages as alternatives to consumers with intolerance to lactose or with vegan or vegetarian diets is promising for the worldwide functional food market. An updated overview on the current knowledge of the use of fruit matrices to be fermented by LAB and the interaction between strains and the fruit phytochemical compounds to generate new functional foods as well as their future perspectives in association with the application of nanotechnology techniques are presented in this review.
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Aguiar LM, Bicas JL, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Gonzalez IP, Pastore GM, Maróstica MR, Cazarin CBB. Non-nutrients and nutrients from Latin American fruits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2020; 139:109844. [PMID: 33509467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been rapidly increasing; among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for around 1/3 of deaths in the world. Environmental factors play a central role in their development. Diet is a very important factor in this scenario, and the intake of fruits and vegetables has been considered as one of the critical strategies for reducing the risk of CVDs. Fruits are a source of micronutrients and bioactive compounds that could have cardioprotective effects through several distinct mechanisms, such as antioxidant, antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities, vasodilatation, improvement of plasma lipid profiles, and modulation of inflammatory signaling. Brazil has a very rich and unexplored biodiversity in its different biomes, with several types of fruit, which are a source of bioactive compounds and micronutrients with therapeutic properties. In this sense, this review shows the current knowledge regarding the cardioprotective properties of selected Latin American and Brazilian fruits, including their effects on the activation of platelets and on the inflammation processes involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Marinho Aguiar
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ivan Palomo Gonzalez
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 2 norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Gláucia Maria Pastore
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas/SP, Brazil.
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Annona G, Tarallo A, Nittoli V, Varricchio E, Sordino P, D'Aniello S, Paolucci M. Short-term exposure to the simple polyphenolic compound gallic acid induces neuronal hyperactivity in zebrafish larvae. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1367-1377. [PMID: 33098676 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the biological effects of polyphenols are not restricted to antioxidant activity, but they exert a wide range of modulatory effects on metabolic pathways, cellular signaling and gene expression. In this study, we tested the minimum safe concentration of gallic acid (GA) in 72 hpf zebrafish larvae in order to evaluate the effects on the central nervous system and the behavioral response. We showed that a short exposure (30 min) induces the depletion of the two main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, Glu and GABA, respectively, in the larval nervous system. The acute impairment of GABAergic-glutamatergic balance was paralleled by an increase of the fosab neuronal activity marker in specific brain areas, such as the forebrain, olfactory bulbs, pallial area, ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and the medulla oblongata ventral area. The neuronal excitation was mirrored by the increased cumulative motor response. The inhibition of the olfactory epithelium with brief cadmium exposition suggests a direct involvement of olfaction in the larvae response to GA. Our results demonstrate that a brief exposure to GA induces motoneuronal hyperexcitability in zebrafish. The behavioral response was probably elicited through the activation of an odorous, or chemical, stimulus. The specificity of the activated neuronal territories suggests the involvement of additional signaling pathways. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, our data support the hypothesis that GA acts as an excitatory molecule, capable of inducing a specific nerve response. These results offer a new vision on potential effects of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Annona
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarallo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Valeria Nittoli
- Biogem s.c.ar.l, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche G. Salvatore, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Singh A, Srivastava N, Yadav KS, Sinha P, Yadav NP. Preparation, optimization, characterization and bioevaluation of rosmarinic acid loaded phytovesicles for anti-inflammatory activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Agunloye OM, Oboh G, Bello GT, Oyagbemi AA. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids modulate altered activity of key enzymes linked to hypertension in cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:169-177. [PMID: 33001849 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of caffeic acid (CAA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) on cyclosporine (CSA) induced hypertensive rats. METHODS Effect of CAA and CHA on diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), e-nucleotide triphosphate dephosphorylase (e-NTPDase), 5' nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in CSA-induced hypertensive rats were determined. RESULTS CAA and CHA administration stabilized hypertensive effect caused by CSA administration. Also, altered activity of ACE (lung), e-NTPDase, 5' nucleotidase, ADA as well as elevated malondiadehyde (MDA) level was restored in all the treated hypertensive rats in comparison with the untreated hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION Hence, these observed results could underlie some of the mechanisms through which CAA and CHA could offer antihypertensive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo M Agunloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola T Bello
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract
Health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been studied during the past decades, first in observational studies and more recently, in experimental settings and randomized controlled studies. Suggested biological pathways include antioxidant, lipid regulating, and anti-inflammatory effects. Both the alcoholic and polyphenolic components of wine are believed to contribute to these beneficial effects. Although several of these studies demonstrated protective associations between moderate drinking and cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and the metabolic syndrome, no conclusive recommendations exist regarding moderate wine consumption. Yet, it is suggested that the physician and patient should discuss alcohol use. In the CASCADE (CArdiovaSCulAr Diabetes & Ethanol) trial, 224 abstainers with type 2 diabetes were randomized to consume red wine, white wine or mineral water for two years. Here, we summarize our previous findings, offer new evidence concerning the differential effects of wine consumption among men and women, and further suggest that initiating moderate alcohol consumption among well-controlled persons with type 2 diabetes is apparently safe, in regard to changes in heart rate variability and carotid plaque formation.
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Yousefi M, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Insights to potential antihypertensive activity of berry fruits. Phytother Res 2020; 35:846-863. [PMID: 32959938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Navasiolava N, Yuan M, Murphy R, Robin A, Coupé M, Wang L, Alameddine A, Gauquelin-Koch G, Gharib C, Li Y, Custaud MA. Vascular and Microvascular Dysfunction Induced by Microgravity and Its Analogs in Humans: Mechanisms and Countermeasures. Front Physiol 2020; 11:952. [PMID: 32973543 PMCID: PMC7468431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weightlessness and physical inactivity have deleterious cardiovascular effects. The space environment and its ground-based models offer conditions to study the cardiovascular effects of physical inactivity in the absence of other vascular risk factors, particularly at the macro- and microcirculatory levels. However, the mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are not sufficiently studied in the context of weightlessness and its analogs including models of physical inactivity. Here, we summarize vascular and microvascular changes induced by space flight and observed in models of microgravity and physical inactivity and review the effects of prophylactic strategies (i.e., countermeasures) on vascular and microvascular function. We discuss physical (e.g., exercise, vibration, lower body negative pressure, and artificial gravity) and nutritional/pharmacological (e.g., caloric restriction, resveratrol, and other vegetal extracts) countermeasures. Currently, exercise countermeasure appears to be the most effective to protect vascular function. Although pharmacological countermeasures are not currently considered to fight vascular changes due to microgravity, nutritional countermeasures are very promising. Dietary supplements/natural health products, especially plant extracts, should be extensively studied. The best prophylactic strategy is likely a combination of countermeasures that are effective not only at the cardiovascular level but also for the organism as a whole, but this strategy remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Ronan Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrien Robin
- Clinical Research Center, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Mickael Coupé
- Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Linjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Asmaa Alameddine
- Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Claude Gharib
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center (ACC), Beijing, China
| | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- Clinical Research Center, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.,Mitovasc, UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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Protective Effects of Polyphenols against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153469. [PMID: 32751587 PMCID: PMC7435883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. It manifests as an imbalance between blood demand and blood delivery in the myocardium, which leads to cardiac ischemia and myocardial necrosis. While it is not easy to identify the first pathogenic cause of MI, the consequences are characterized by ischemia, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration. A poor MI prognosis is associated with extensive cardiac remodeling. A loss of viable cardiomyocytes is replaced with fibrosis, which reduces heart contractility and heart function. Recent advances have given rise to the concept of natural polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have been studied for their pharmacological properties and have proven successful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have focused on their various bioactivities, such as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging. In this review, we summarized the effects and benefits of polyphenols on the cardiovascular injury, particularly on the treatment of myocardial infarction in animal and human studies.
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Majewski M, Kucharczyk E, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Borkowska-Sztachańska M, Ognik K. The Characterization of Ground Raspberry Seeds and the Physiological Response to Supplementation in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1630. [PMID: 32492905 PMCID: PMC7352221 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of ground raspberry seeds (RBS) as a source of polyphenols and essential fatty acids on blood plasma enzymatic antioxidant status, lipid profile, and endothelium-intact vasodilation during physiological and pathological conditions. Young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at ten weeks of age were fed with either a control diet or were supplemented with added 7% RBS for six weeks (n = 6). The main component of RBS was dietary fiber (64%) and the main polyphenols were ellagitannins (1.2%) and flavan-3-ols (0.45%). Irrespective of the rat model, ground RBS decreased liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (0.9-fold) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (Catalase, 0.9-fold). In supplemented SHRs, preincubation with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W, nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP), thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist SQ-29548, thromboxane synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, and 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 induced the same relaxant response to acetylcholine as in the nonsupplemented control group. In supplemented WKYs, atherogenic index was decreased (0.8-fold), while iNOS and COX-2-derived PGI2 increased acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. These effects of ground RBS may constitute a potential mechanism for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Ribeiro M, de Sousa T, Poeta P, Bagulho AS, Igrejas G. Review of Structural Features and Binding Capacity of Polyphenols to Gluten Proteins and Peptides In Vitro: Relevance to Celiac Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060463. [PMID: 32485902 PMCID: PMC7346119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their beneficial effects on human health, particularly for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress. Nevertheless, they are also known to have an anti-nutritional effect in relation to protein metabolism. This effect is a consequence of its binding to digestive enzymes and/or protein substrates. Dietary gluten is the main trigger of celiac disease, a common immune-based disease of the small intestine and for which the only treatment available is the adherence to a gluten-free diet. Recent studies have addressed the use of dietary polyphenols to interact with gluten proteins and avoid its downstream deleterious effects, taking the advantage of the anti-nutritive nature of polyphenols by protein sequestering. Flavonoids, coumarins and tannins have shown the ability to form insoluble complexes with gluten proteins. One of the most promising molecules has been epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which through its binding to gliadins, was able to reduce gliadins digestibility and its ability to stimulate monolayer permeability and transepithelial transport of immunodominant peptides in cell models. This review focuses on the structural features and binding capacity of polyphenols to gluten proteins and peptides, and the prospects of developing an adjuvant therapy in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2829-546 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Telma de Sousa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2829-546 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2829-546 Caparica, Portugal;
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Bagulho
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV), Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal;
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2829-546 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259350-930
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Yamagata K. Polyphenols Regulate Endothelial Functions and Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2443-2458. [PMID: 31333108 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that intake of polyphenols through the consumption of vegetables and fruits reduces the risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) by potentially influencing endothelial cell function. OBJECTIVE In this review, the effects and molecular mechanisms of plant polyphenols, particularly resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin, on endothelial functions, and their putative protective effects against CVD are described. METHODS Epidemiologic studies examined the effect of the CVD risk of vegetables and the fruit. Furthermore, studies within vitro models investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the action of the flavonoid class of polyphenols. These findings help elucidate the effect of polyphenols on endothelial function and CVD risk reduction. RESULTS Epidemiologic and in vitro studies have demonstrated that the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreases the incidence of CVDs. Furthermore, it has also been indicated that dietary polyphenols are inversely related to the risk of CVD. Resveratrol, EGCG, and quercetin prevent oxidative stress by regulating the expression of oxidase and the antioxidant enzyme genes, contributing to the prevention of stroke, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSION High intake of dietary polyphenols may help prevent CVD. Polyphenols inhibit endothelial dysfunction and induce vascular endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation viz. redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The polyphenol-induced healthy endothelial cell function may be related to CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Laboratory of Molecular Health Science of Food, Department of Food Science & Technology, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan
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50
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Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity 2020; 51:794-811. [PMID: 31747581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of Western-type calorically rich diets combined with chronic overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle in Western societies evokes a state of chronic metabolic inflammation, termed metaflammation. Metaflammation contributes to the development of many prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and these lifestyle-associated pathologies represent a rising public health problem with global epidemic dimensions. A better understanding of how modern lifestyle and Western diet (WD) activate immune cells is essential for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies for common NCDs. Here, we review the current mechanistic understanding of how the Western lifestyle can induce metaflammation, and we discuss how this knowledge can be translated to protect the public from the health burden associated with their selected lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mario Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany.
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