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Zhang Y, Zhai X, Chai H, Liu K, Ma W, Li S, Zeng J, Yang M, Zhou F, Zheng S, Wu X, Xiang B, Cao J, Eshak ES, Jiang C. Associations of different isomeric forms of serum lycopene with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:108-119. [PMID: 36691936 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: The effect of serum lycopene on the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their longevity remains a controversial topic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of different isomeric forms of serum lycopene with CVD and all-cause mortality in the American population. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a large population survey to investigate public health in the US. We analyzed data from 2003-2006 linked with mortality data obtained in 2015. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality caused by serum lycopene. Results: Among 7452 participants (aged 20-85 years, 46.7% male), 298 died from CVDs among the total 1213 deaths during a median follow-up of 10.7 years. Serum lycopene is a protective factor for all-cause and CVD mortality. In multivariable-adjusted models, the hazard ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) associated with Q4 compared to Q1 of serum total-lycopene, trans-lycopene and cis-lycopene was 0.49 (0.38,0.63), 0.49 (0.39,0.63) and 0.55 (0.43,0.70) for all-cause mortality (Ptrend<0.05), and was 0.53 (0.32,0.96), 0.48 (0.32,0.72) and 0.63 (0.41,0.97) for CVD mortality (Ptrend<0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that different isomeric forms of lycopene showed varied associations with CVD and all-cause mortality based on age, drinking status, history of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions: Serum lycopene concentration was significantly associated with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Cis-lycopene had a U-shaped relationship with mortality, while trans-lycopene had an inverse relationship with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhai
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, China
| | - Honglin Chai
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Wenzhi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Surui Zheng
- School of Literature, Law and Economics, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Literature, Law and Economics, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jinhong Cao
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
- Advanced Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Data Science Unit, Public Health Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Kulczyński B, Sidor A, Brzozowska A, Gramza-Michałowska A. The role of carotenoids in bone health-A narrative review. Nutrition 2024; 119:112306. [PMID: 38211461 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis constitutes a serious challenge for public health. Dietary patterns belong to important, modifiable risk factors of this disease. Therefore, what and in what quantities we consume on a daily basis are extremely relevant. It is commonly known that bone health is positively affected by vitamins (e.g., vitamin D and vitamin K) as well as mineral components (e.g., calcium and magnesium). However, the human diet consists of many other groups of compounds that exhibit a potential antiosteoporotic and supporting bone-building effect. These dietary components include carotenoids. This paper presents a broad review of studies on the influence of particular carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene) on bones. The paper discusses up-to-date in vitro experiments and research on animal models and presents how the results translate into clinical effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kulczyński
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sidor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gramza-Michałowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Baldacchino F, Spagnoletta A, Lamaj F, Vitale ML, Verrastro V. First Optimization of Tomato Pomace in Diets for Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:854. [PMID: 37999053 PMCID: PMC10672421 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pomace (TP), an agricultural industrial waste product from the tomato processing industry, is valorized as a rearing substrate for Tenebrio molitor (L.). This study evaluated bran-based diets with increasing tomato pomace (0%, 27%, 41%, and 100%). Protein sources, such as brewer's spent grain and yeast, were used in TP27 and TP41 diets to ensure equal protein contents to the control diet. Results showed no different for larval and pupal weights between diets; however, the time of development significantly increases in TP100 compared to all diets. The feed conversion rate progressively increases from 2.7 to 4.3, respectively, from the control to the TP100 diet. Conversely, lycopene and β-carotene increase in the larvae. The fatty acid composition improves by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly α-linoleic acid). Although the best nutritional quality was obtained in T100, the TP41 is the optimal diet for balance between larval performance and qualitative improvement of larvae. Therefore, tomato pomace is suitable for the formulation of mealworm diets, even in high dosages, when supplemented with sustainable protein and carbohydrate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Baldacchino
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Flutura Lamaj
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Vitale
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
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Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Alshammari MD, Abdelsalam K, Taymour S, Alreshidi KSM, Elhassan Taha MM, Mohan S. Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1157. [PMID: 37508253 PMCID: PMC10376324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, has recently gained considerable attention due to its remarkable nutritional composition and numerous health benefits. In this review, the nutritional aspects of broccoli are examined, highlighting its rich nutrient content and essential bioactive compounds. The cruciferous vegetable broccoli is a rich source of several important nutrients, including fiber, vitamins (A, C, and K), minerals (calcium, potassium, and iron), and antioxidants. It has also been shown to contain bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, sulforaphane, and indole-3-carbinol, all of which have been shown to have significant health-promoting effects. These chemicals are known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This review article aims to comprehensively examine the diverse spectrum of nutrients contained in broccoli and explore its medicinal potential to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Al Khartoum 14415, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maali D Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Abdelsalam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Taymour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
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Jung H, Shin S. Association between Tomato and Lycopene Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200452. [PMID: 36583486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tomato has well-known beneficial health effects and is an important source of lycopene. The study aims to clarify the evidence for the association between tomato and lycopene consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data analyzed in the current study are obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort. Mortality outcomes are determined based on death records from 2001 to 2020. Tomato and lycopene consumption is assessed using food frequency questionnaires and antioxidant databases and divided into quintiles. Over a mean follow-up of 11.5 years, 5863 deaths are recorded among 139913 participants aged over 40 years. Tomato consumption is not associated with the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality. However, the highest tomato consumption group has a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR = 0.779; 95% CI = 0.633, 0.957). Lycopene consumption is inversely associated with all-cause (HR = 0.872; 95% CI = 0.801, 0.950), and CVD (HR = 0.680; 95% CI = 0.548, 0.845) mortality. CONCLUSION A higher intake of tomatoes and lycopene is inversely related to the risk of CVD mortality, and lycopene consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
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Multifaceted Pharmacological Potentials of Curcumin, Genistein, and Tanshinone IIA through Proteomic Approaches: An In-Depth Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010249. [PMID: 36612248 PMCID: PMC9818426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals possess various intriguing pharmacological properties against diverse pathological conditions. Extensive studies are on-going to understand the structural/functional properties of phytochemicals as well as the molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic function against various disease conditions. Phytochemicals such as curcumin (Cur), genistein (Gen), and tanshinone-IIA (Tan IIA) have multifaceted therapeutic potentials and various efforts are in progress to understand the molecular dynamics of their function with different tools and technologies. Cur is an active lipophilic polyphenol with pleiotropic function, and it has been shown to possess various intriguing properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anticancer, and anti-genotoxic properties besides others beneficial properties. Similarly, Gen (an isoflavone) exhibits a wide range of vital functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic activities etc. In addition, Tan IIA, a lipophilic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, and so on. Over the last few decades, the field of proteomics has garnered great momentum mainly attributed to the recent advancement in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. It is envisaged that the proteomics technology has considerably contributed to the biomedical research endeavors lately. Interestingly, they have also been explored as a reliable approach to understand the molecular intricacies related to phytochemical-based therapeutic interventions. The present review provides an overview of the proteomics studies performed to unravel the underlying molecular intricacies of various phytochemicals such as Cur, Gen, and Tan IIA. This in-depth study will help the researchers in better understanding of the pharmacological potential of the phytochemicals at the proteomics level. Certainly, this review will be highly instrumental in catalyzing the translational shift from phytochemical-based biomedical research to clinical practice in the near future.
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McEneny J, Henry SL, Woodside J, Moir S, Rudd A, Vaughan N, Thies F. Lycopene-rich diets modulate HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers without affecting lipoprotein size and distribution in moderately overweight, disease-free, middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:954593. [PMID: 35978954 PMCID: PMC9377013 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.954593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of lycopene-rich foods may lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Lycopene circulates in the blood bound to lipoproteins, including high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Preliminary data from our group showed that increased consumption of tomato-based food or lycopene supplement in middle-aged subjects led to functional changes to HDL's sub-fractions, HDL2 and HDL3. These changes were also associated with a decrease in serum amyloid A (SAA), potentially enhancing their anti-atherogenic properties. Objective We carried out a comprehensive randomized controlled intervention trial with healthy middle-aged volunteers to assess whether the consumption of tomato-based foods or lycopene supplements affects HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers, and lipoprotein subfractions size and distribution. Design Volunteers (225, aged 40–65 years) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary intervention groups and asked to consume a control diet (low in tomato-based foods, <10 mg lycopene/week), a lycopene-rich diet (224–350 mg lycopene/week), or the control diet with a lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week). HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Compliance was monitored by assessing lycopene concentration in serum. Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring SAA concentrations. HDL functionality was determined by monitoring paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed by NMR. Results Lycopene in serum and HDL significantly increased following consumption of both the high tomato diet and lycopene supplement (p ≤ 0.001 for both). Lycopene, either as a tomato-rich food or a supplement, enhanced both serum- and HDL3-PON-1 activities (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), while significantly reducing HDL3-SAA-related inflammation (p = 0.001). Lycopene supplement also significantly increased HDL3-LCAT activity (p = 0.05), and reduced the activity of both HDL2- and HDL3-CETP (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). These changes were not associated with changes in the subclasses distribution for all lipoprotein fractions or the size of lipoprotein subclasses. Conclusion Our results showed that dietary lycopene can significantly enhance HDL functionality, without associated changes in particle size and distribution, by modulating the activity of HDL-associated enzymes. Concomitantly, dietary lycopene significantly decreased serum- and HDL3-associated SAA, confirming that SAA may represent a sensitive inflammatory biomarker to dietary change. Clinical Trial Register (https://www.isrctn.com), ISRCTN34203810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Louise Henry
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Woodside
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Moir
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Rudd
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Vaughan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Thies
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Hsieh MJ, Huang CY, Kiefer R, Lee SD, Maurya N, Velmurugan BK. Cardiovascular Disease and Possible Ways in Which Lycopene Acts as an Efficient Cardio-Protectant against Different Cardiovascular Risk Factors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103235. [PMID: 35630709 PMCID: PMC9147660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in antioxidants such as lycopene have a major role in maintaining cardiac health. Lycopene, 80% of which can be obtained by consuming a common vegetable such as tomato, can prevent the disturbances that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present work begins with a brief introduction to CVD and lycopene and its various properties such as bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, etc. In this review, the potential cardio-protective effects of lycopene that reduce the progression of CVD and thrombotic complications are detailed. Further, the protective effects of lycopene including in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials conducted on lycopene for CVD protective effects are explained. Finally, the controversial aspect of lycopene as a protective agent against CVD and toxicity are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan;
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (B.K.V.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +84-028-377-55-058 (B.K.V.); Fax: +886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +84-028-37-755-055 (B.K.V.)
| | - Nancy Maurya
- Botany Department, Government Science College, Pandhurna, Chhindwara, M.P., Pandhurna 480334, India;
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (S.-D.L.); (B.K.V.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7300) (S.-D.L.); +84-028-377-55-058 (B.K.V.); Fax: +886-4-22065051 (S.-D.L.); +84-028-37-755-055 (B.K.V.)
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Rezaei kelishadi M, Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Naeini F, Kaviani M, Moradi S, Askari G, Nourian M, Ashtary-Larky D. Lycopene Supplementation and Blood Pressure: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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A Emara A, A Sleem B, K Nageeb A, H Ahmed N, T Mohamed N, I Hassanin M, M Mohamed R, E Hassan M, R Shamroukh M, K Mohamed M, M Hassaan M, M Maddy R, S Elneklawi M, Bondok MS, Ali AA, A Hussein M. Antitumor and Protective Activity of TVLE against CdCl 2-Induced Renal Damage in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:313-321. [PMID: 35638525 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.313.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cadmium is a heavy metal that has a wide range of applications in human existence. Cadmium may bind to the protein metallothionein and decrease kidney function once it enters the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective activity of TVLE against CdCl<sub>2</sub>-induced renal toxicity in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> TVLE was prepared and characterized using instrumental analysis and spectral data. Furthermore, the IC<sub>50</sub> of TVLE against the Vero renal carcinoma cell line was calculated. Adult albino rats were used to assess the renal protective activity of TVLE (150 and 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt.) in CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rats. <b>Results:</b> IC<sub>50 </sub>of TVLE against Vero cell line equals 148.25 μg mL<sup>1</sup>. The daily oral administration of TVLE at concentrations of 150 and 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. for 21 days to CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rates resulted in a significant improvement in tumour volume and tumour weight, urea, creatinine, uric acid, TNF-α, NOx, TBARs, GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and VEGF-C gene expression in CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rats. Furthermore, TVLE almost normalized these effects in renal histoarchitecture. <b>Conclusion:</b> The biochemical, histological and MRI examinations of the current study suggested that TVLE have renal protective activity against CdCl<sub>2</sub>-induced renal toxicity in rats.
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Yao Y, Goh HM, Kim JE. The Roles of Carotenoid Consumption and Bioavailability in Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1978. [PMID: 34943081 PMCID: PMC8750451 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments generally with a polyene chain consisting of 9-11 double bonds. In recent years, there has been increasing research interest in carotenoids because of their protective roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While the consumption of carotenoids may have a beneficial effect on CVDs, the literature shows inconsistencies between carotenoid consumption and reductions in the risk of CVDs. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of CVDs from published epidemiological studies. Meanwhile, to further elucidate the roles of carotenoid intake in CVD protection, this review outlines the evidence reporting the effects of carotenoids on cardiovascular health from randomized controlled trials by assessing classical CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and vascular health-related parameters, respectively. Given the considerable discrepancies among the published results, this review underlines the importance of bioavailability and summarizes the current dietary strategies for improving the bioavailability of carotenoids. In conclusion, this review supports the protective roles of carotenoids against CVDs, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response. In addition, this review suggests that the bioavailability of carotenoids should be considered when evaluating the roles of carotenoids in CVD protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (Y.Y.); (H.M.G.)
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Lycopene: Food Sources, Biological Activities, and Human Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2713511. [PMID: 34840666 PMCID: PMC8626194 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2713511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an antioxidant, lycopene has acquired importance as it prevents autoxidation of fats and related products. Tomatoes are an important agricultural product that is a great source of lycopene. It contains many vitamins and minerals, fiber, and carbohydrates and is associated with various positive effects on health. The antioxidant potential of tomatoes is substantially explained with lycopene compounds. Diet is a major risk factor for heart diseases which is shown as the most important cause of death in the world. It has been observed that the lycopene taken in the diet has positive effects in many stages of atherosclerosis. The serum lipid levels, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, blood pressure, and antioxidative potential are mainly affected by lycopene. These natural antioxidants, which can also enhance the nutritional value of foods, may lead to new ways if used in food preservation. In this review study, the antioxidant potential and cardiovascular protection mechanism of lycopene are discussed.
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Xu X, Li S, Zhu Y. Dietary Intake of Tomato and Lycopene and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From a Prospective Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:684859. [PMID: 34291072 PMCID: PMC8287057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.684859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the relationship between consumption of tomato or lycopene and mortality is limited. We investigated the associations of raw tomato, tomato catsup or lycopene intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) screening trial. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a total of 1,672,715 follow-up years, 24,141 all-cause deaths, 7,534 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and 7,161 cancer deaths occurred. Total mortality was statistically significantly inversely associated with intake of raw tomato (Q5 vs. Q1; HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.91-0.99]), tomato catsup (Q5 vs. Q1; HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97]), and moderate lycopene (Q4 vs. Q1; HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85-0.93]). CVD mortality was significantly inversely related with intake of moderate raw tomato (Q4 vs. Q1; HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.97]), tomato catsup (Q5 vs. Q1; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85-0.99]), and moderate lycopene (Q4 vs. Q1; HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.98]). Dietary intake of raw tomato (Q5 vs. Q1; HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.96-1.14]) and tomato catsup (Q5 vs. Q1; HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.93-1.08]) were not related with cancer mortality. Moderate dietary intake of lycopene was significantly associated with a lower cancer mortality (Q4 vs. Q1; HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.96]). There was a non-linear J-shaped association between consumption of raw tomato, tomato catsup or lycopene and total mortality (P for non-linearity <0.001). In conclusion, in this large nationally representative sample of US adult population, tomato products, and lycopene intake were associated with lower risks of total and CVD mortality. Moderate consumption of lycopene was also related with a reduced cancer mortality. Further clinical studies and dietary intervention studies are warranted to confirm our premilitary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Di Pietro N, Baldassarre MPA, Cichelli A, Pandolfi A, Formoso G, Pipino C. Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6381380. [PMID: 33133348 PMCID: PMC7593735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Imran M, Ghorat F, Ul-Haq I, Ur-Rehman H, Aslam F, Heydari M, Shariati MA, Okuskhanova E, Yessimbekov Z, Thiruvengadam M, Hashempur MH, Rebezov M. Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080706. [PMID: 32759751 PMCID: PMC7464847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, belonging to the carotenoids, is a tetraterpene compound abundantly found in tomato and tomato-based products. It is fundamentally recognized as a potent antioxidant and a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid. Lycopene has been found to be efficient in ameliorating cancer insurgences, diabetes mellitus, cardiac complications, oxidative stress-mediated malfunctions, inflammatory events, skin and bone diseases, hepatic, neural and reproductive disorders. This review summarizes information regarding its sources and uses amongst different societies, its biochemistry aspects, and the potential utilization of lycopene and possible mechanisms involved in alleviating the abovementioned disorders. Furthermore, future directions with the possible use of this nutraceutical against lifestyle-related disorders are emphasized. Its protective effects against recommended doses of toxic agents and toxicity and safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Fereshteh Ghorat
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 9617913112, Iran;
| | - Iahtisham Ul-Haq
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore 53720, Pakistan;
| | - Habib Ur-Rehman
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, NUR International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Farhan Aslam
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eleonora Okuskhanova
- Food Science and Technology Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan; (E.O.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhanibek Yessimbekov
- Food Science and Technology Department, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan; (E.O.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (M.H.H.); Tel.: +82-02450-0577 (M.T.); +98-71-53314076 (M.H.H.)
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (M.H.H.); Tel.: +82-02450-0577 (M.T.); +98-71-53314076 (M.H.H.)
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109029, Russia;
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow 109004, Russia
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Younas A, Naqvi SA, Khan MR, Shabbir MA, Jatoi MA, Anwar F, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Saari N, Aadil RM. Functional food and nutra-pharmaceutical perspectives of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13332. [PMID: 32588917 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm counts among the oldest fruit crops of the world and is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious fruits consumed as a staple food in many countries, especially in the Gulf region. Dates are enriched with numerous therapeutic bioactives and functional compounds such as phenolics, flavonols, carotenoids, minerals, and vitamins that not only provide an appreciable amount of energy required for the human body but also act as an effective therapeutic agent against several diseases. This review aimed to provide a deep insight into the nutritional as well as phytochemicals profile of date fruit and its seeds in order to explore their biological (anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory properties), functional food, and nutra-pharmaceutical attributes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review provides updated information regarding the date fruits and seeds phytochemicals composition together with highlighting dates potential as a natural therapeutic agent against several diseases. The study also urges the importance of consuming dates as a great package to live a healthy life due to the functional food and nutraceutical properties of this valuable fruit. The study also provides information first time as recommending dates to cope with the hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency faced by the third world inhabitants. Hence, the review may further help the industry and researchers to explore the potential of dates for future medicinal and nutra-pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atia Younas
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Summar A Naqvi
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam-Ur-Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Saini RK, A Bekhit AED, Roohinejad S, Rengasamy KRR, Keum YS. Chemical Stability of Lycopene in Processed Products: A Review of the Effects of Processing Methods and Modern Preservation Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:712-726. [PMID: 31891495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene, one of the most dominant carotenoids in a person's diet, is a well-known natural compound that has protective effects against chronic diseases. Industrial and domestic processing and storage conditions significantly influence retention and isomerization of lycopene; thus, in recent years, great attention has been given for their preservative effects of lycopene. This review highlights recent strategies that have been developed to preserve lycopene in processed products, especially in tomato pulp, puree, paste, and juice. The key factors influencing lycopene degradation and isomerization, such as ingredients and intensity of thermal treatments, are also discussed. Special attention was paid to the crystalline structures of lycopene which facilitate its resistance to degradation and isomerization. Emerging non-thermal processing methods, such as ultrasound and high-pressure processing (HPP), are critically evaluated for their preservation of thermo-labile compounds. Novel trends to improve lycopene stability by micro- and nanoencapsulation and addition of antioxidants are also included to examine their efficacy to protect against light, heat, oxygen, and other oxidative processes. Finally, recommended processing and storage conditions are discussed to provide strategies to retain the highest possible amount of bioactive lycopene until consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Trono D. Carotenoids in Cereal Food Crops: Composition and Retention throughout Grain Storage and Food Processing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E551. [PMID: 31795124 PMCID: PMC6963595 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are C40 isoprenoids synthesized by plants, as well as some bacteria, fungi and algae, that have been reported to be responsible for a number of benefits conferred on human health. The inability of animals and humans to synthesize de novo these compounds is the reason why they must be introduced from dietary sources. In cereal grains, carotenoids are important phytochemicals responsible for the characteristic yellow colour of the endosperm, which confers nutritional and aesthetic quality to cereal-based products. Cereals are staple foods for a large portion of the world population, and the biofortification of cereal grains with carotenoids may represent a simple way to prevent many human diseases and disorders. Unfortunately, evidence exists that the storage and processing of cereal grains into food products may negatively impact their carotenoid content; so, this loss should be taken into consideration when analysing the potential health benefits of the cereal-based products. Focusing on the recent updates, this review summarizes the chemical composition of the carotenoids in the grains of staple cereals, including wheat, maize, rice and sorghum, the main factors that affect their carotenoid content during storage and processing and the most fruitful strategies used improve the grain carotenoid content and limit the carotenoid post-harvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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20
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Is the Intake of Antioxidants Associated With Risk of Coronary Artery Disease? A Jordanian Case-Control Study. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fernandez-Jimenez R, Santos-Beneit G, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Bodega P, de Miguel M, de Cos-Gandoy A, Rodríguez C, Carral V, Orrit X, Haro D, Carvajal I, Ibañez B, Storniolo C, Domènech M, Estruch R, Fernández-Alvira JM, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fuster V. Rationale and design of the school-based SI! Program to face obesity and promote health among Spanish adolescents: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2019; 215:27-40. [PMID: 31277052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy habits in adolescents are increasing at an alarming rate. The school offers a promising environment in which to implement effective preventive strategies to improve adolescents' lifestyle behaviors. The SI! Program is a multilevel multicomponent school-based health-promotion intervention aimed at all stages of compulsory education in Spain. We present the study design of the SI! Program for Secondary Schools, targeting adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. AIM The main goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of the SI! Program educational intervention on adolescent lifestyle behaviors and health parameters. METHODS The study was designed as a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial and enrolled 1326 adolescents from 24 public secondary schools in Spain, together with their parents/caregivers. Schools and their students were randomly assigned to the intervention group (the SI! curriculum-based educational program over 2 or 4 academic years) or to the control group (usual curriculum). The primary endpoint will be the change from baseline at 2-year and 4-year follow-up in the composite Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) score, consisting of four health behaviors (body mass index, dietary habits, physical activity, and smoking) and three health factors (blood pressure, total cholesterol, and glucose). Secondary endpoints will include 2-year and 4-year changes from baseline in ICH score subcomponents, the Fuster-BEWAT health scale, adiposity markers (waist circumference and body composition), polyphenol and carotenoid intake, and emotion management. DISCUSSION The overarching goal of the SI! Program is to instill healthy behaviors in children and adolescents that can be sustained into adulthood. The SI! Program for Secondary School is a comprehensive health-promotion intervention targeting 12-16-year-old adolescents and their immediate environment. The present study addresses the optimal timing and impact of the educational intervention on health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bodega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Rodríguez
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Carral
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Orrit
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènech Haro
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Carvajal
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Storniolo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Domènech
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós
- Biomedical Research Networking Center-Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
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Tomato and lycopene consumption is inversely associated with total and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study, on behalf of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Br J Nutr 2019; 124:1303-1310. [PMID: 31434581 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
No data exist on the associations of dietary tomato and lycopene consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2010, we evaluted the long-term impact of tomato and lycopene intake on total and cause-specific (CHD and cerebrovascular disease) mortality. We also assessed the changes in cardio-metabolic risk factors according to tomato and lycopene intake. Vital status to 31 December 2011 was ascertained. Cox proportional hazard regression models (followed by propensity score matching) were used to investigate the link between tomato and lycopene consumption total, CHD and cerebrovascular mortality. Among the 23 935 participants included (mean age = 47·6 years, 48·8 % men), 3403 deaths occurred during 76·4 months of follow-up. Tomato intake was inversely associated with total (risk ratio (RR) 0·86, 95 % CI 0·81, 0·92), CHD (RR 0·76, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·85) and cerebrovascular (RR 0·70, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·81) mortality. Similar inverse associations were found between lycopene consumption, total (RR 0·76, 95 % CI 0·72, 0·81), CHD (RR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·83) and cerebrovascular (RR 0·71, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·78) mortality; these associations were independent of anthropometric, clinical and nutritional parameters. Age and obesity did not affect the association of tomato and lycopene consumption with total, CHD and cerebrovascular mortality. C-reactive protein significantly moderated the link between lycopene and tomato intake with total, CHD and cerebrovascular mortality. ANCOVA showed that participants with a higher tomato and lycopene consumption had a more cardio-protective profile compared with those with a lower intake. Our results highlighted the favourable effect of tomato and lycopene intake on total and cause-specific mortality as well as on cardio-metabolic risk factors. These findings should be taken into consideration for public health strategies.
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Stinco CM, Mapelli-Brahm P. Skin Carotenoids in Public Health and Nutricosmetics: The Emerging Roles and Applications of the UV Radiation-Absorbing Colourless Carotenoids Phytoene and Phytofluene. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051093. [PMID: 31100970 PMCID: PMC6566388 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the importance of dietary carotenoids in skin health and appearance is comprehensively reviewed and discussed. References are made to their applications in health-promoting and nutricosmetic products and the important public health implications that can be derived. Attention is focused on the colourless UV radiation (UVR)-absorbing dietary carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene, which are attracting increased interest in food science and technology, nutrition, health and cosmetics. These compounds are major dietary carotenoids, readily bioavailable, and have been shown to be involved in several health-promoting actions, as pinpointed in recent reviews. The growing evidence that these unique UVR-absorbing carotenoids with distinctive structures, properties (light absorption, susceptibility to oxidation, rigidity, tendency to aggregation, or even fluorescence, in the case of phytofluene) and activities can be beneficial in these contexts is highlighted. Additionally, the recommendation that the levels of these carotenoids are considered in properly assessing skin carotenoid status is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Carla M Stinco
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour & Quality Laboratory, Area of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Cámara M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Sánchez-Mata MC, Domínguez Díaz L, Kardinaal A, van Lieshout M. Evidence of antiplatelet aggregation effects from the consumption of tomato products, according to EFSA health claim requirements. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1515-1522. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1577215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montaña Cámara
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Cortes Sánchez-Mata
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Domínguez Díaz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Palomo I, Concha-Meyer A, Lutz M, Said M, Sáez B, Vásquez A, Fuentes E. Chemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Potential of Bioactive Extract from Tomato Pomace (Byproduct of Tomato Paste). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020456. [PMID: 30813256 PMCID: PMC6412684 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the ability of tomato pomace extract (by-product) to affect platelet aggregation in healthy humans (clinical pilot study). In phase 1 the tolerance of participants (n = 15; 5 per dose level) ingesting tomato pomace extract across three dose levels (1, 2.5, and 10 g) was evaluated. Phase 2 was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design human (male, n = 99; 33 per group) pilot intervention trial investigating the acute and repeated dose effects (5 days) of different doses of tomato pomace extract (1 g, 2.5 g or placebo) on platelet aggregation ex vivo. Various flavonoids (coumaric acid, floridzin, floretin, procyanidin B₂, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, and quercitin) and nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine) were identified in the tomato pomace extract. The clinical study showed that the daily consumption of 1 g of aqueous extract of tomato pomace for 5 days exerted an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Palomo
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Anibal Concha-Meyer
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Mariane Lutz
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies, CIESAL, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2650000, Chile.
| | - Macarena Said
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Bárbara Sáez
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Adriana Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONCIYT, Gore Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Kim Y, Kim KJ, Park SY, Lim Y, Kwon O, Lee JH, Kim JY. Differential responses of endothelial integrity upon the intake of microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract or a mixture: a single-intake, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:5426-5435. [PMID: 30280751 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01431k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of microencapsulated garlic and/or tomato on endothelial dysfunction induced by the PhenFlex test (PFT) in healthy male smokers. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 41 healthy male smokers were randomly assigned to one of four groups to receive the test groups (in microencapsulated garlic powder, tomato extract and a mixture thereof) or the placebo group. Proteomic biomarkers related to endothelial integrity were measured in plasma. Microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract and the mixture affected endothelial integrity biomarkers differently. Garlic consumption increased prothrombin time and decreased SAA and IL-12. Tomato extract intake increased activated partial thrombin time and decreased d-dimer, SAA, sVCAM-1, IL-13 and MCP-3 levels. Consumption of the mixture increased sE-selectin and lowered D-dimer, SAA, IL-13 and IL-10 responses after PFT challenge for 6 h. The different responses became clearer under high compliance in the dietary restriction groups. This single-intake clinical trial addressed the different responses of biomarkers related to endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Krasinska B, Osińska A, Osinski M, Krasinska A, Rzymski P, Tykarski A, Krasiński Z. Standardised tomato extract as an alternative to acetylsalicylic acid in patients with primary hypertension and high cardiovascular risk - a randomised, controlled trial. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:773-780. [PMID: 30002694 PMCID: PMC6040123 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.69864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a leading global cause of death. It has been proven that the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in secondary prevention reduces the CV risk, while the benefits of ASA in primary prevention have recently been debated. The aim of the study was to compare the antiplatelet effect of standardised tomato extract (STE) and ASA in hypertensive patients with high CV risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved high-risk patients with arterial hypertension (AH) randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1 included 33 patients receiving ASA and group 2 included 32 patients receiving STE. The platelet aggregation was determined using the VerifyNow analyser. RESULTS After 4 weeks of ASA treatment in group 1, a statistically significant reduction in aspirin reaction units (ARU) was observed (p < 0.001). However, the obese subgroup using ASA (n = 18) did not reveal a significant decrease in ARU (p > 0.05). After 4 weeks of STE treatment in the obese subgroup (n = 14), significant declines in ARU by 8.6% (95% CI: -19.5 to -1.7%; p < 0.05) and in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) by 7.5% (95% CI: -17.6 to 1.8%; p < 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSIONS The antiplatelet effect of STE in hypertensive patients may be weight dependent. The group with AH and obesity might have potentially benefitted from STE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Krasinska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Angelika Osińska
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Osinski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krasinska
- Student Medical Faculty 1, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Blekkenhorst LC, Sim M, Bondonno CP, Bondonno NP, Ward NC, Prince RL, Devine A, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM. Cardiovascular Health Benefits of Specific Vegetable Types: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050595. [PMID: 29751617 PMCID: PMC5986475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate vegetable consumption is one of the cornerstones of a healthy diet. The recommendation to increase vegetable intake is part of most dietary guidelines. Despite widespread and long-running public health messages to increase vegetable intake, similar to other countries worldwide, less than 1 in 10 adult Australians manage to meet target advice. Dietary guidelines are predominantly based on studies linking diets high in vegetables with lower risk of chronic diseases. Identifying vegetables with the strongest health benefits and incorporating these into dietary recommendations may enhance public health initiatives around vegetable intake. These enhanced public health initiatives would be targeted at reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Specific vegetable types contain high levels of particular nutrients and phytochemicals linked with cardiovascular health benefits. However, it is not clear if increasing intake of these specific vegetable types will result in larger benefits on risk of chronic diseases. This review presents an overview of the evidence for the relationships of specific types of vegetables, including leafy green, cruciferous, allium, yellow-orange-red and legumes, with subclinical and clinical CVD outcomes in observational epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
- School of Public Health & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre Unit, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
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Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Mapelli-Brahm P, Stinco CM. The colourless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene: From dietary sources to their usefulness for the functional foods and nutricosmetics industries. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Costa-Rodrigues J, Pinho O, Monteiro P. Can lycopene be considered an effective protection against cardiovascular disease? Food Chem 2018; 245:1148-1153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Kulczyński B, Gramza-Michałowska A, Kobus-Cisowska J, Kmiecik D. The role of carotenoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease – Current state of knowledge. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Cheng HM, Koutsidis G, Lodge JK, Ashor AW, Siervo M, Lara J. Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:141-158. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1362630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho M. Cheng
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John K. Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ammar W. Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jose Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Colmán-Martínez M, Martínez-Huélamo M, Valderas-Martínez P, Arranz-Martínez S, Almanza-Aguilera E, Corella D, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. trans-Lycopene from tomato juice attenuates inflammatory biomarkers in human plasma samples: An intervention trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28688174 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The effect of carotenoids from tomato juice (TJ) on inflammatory biomarkers was evaluated by performing a 4-week dose-response nutritional trial in a population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS An open, prospective, randomized, cross-over, and controlled clinical trial was carried out with 28 volunteers (mean age 69.7 ± 3.1 years; mean BMI 31.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2 ) at high cardiovascular risk, which were assigned to consume daily for 4 weeks in random order: 200 mL (LD) or 400 mL (HD) of TJ, or water as a control (C), with a 21-day wash-out period between each intervention. Blood samples were collected at baseline (B) and after each intervention. Endpoints included significant changes in plasmatic carotenoids, and adhesion molecules ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, as well as a tendency to decrease the chemokine IL-8. Compared to C, concentration of ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001), after each TJ intervention. Decreases were correlated remarkably with the trans-lycopene, while the other carotenoids present in TJ have presented a minor association or no association with changes in these molecules. CONCLUSION trans-Lycopene from TJ may attenuate the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing the concentration of important inflammatory molecules related to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Colmán-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Palmira Valderas-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clínic Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tang GY, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Li HB. Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080857. [PMID: 28796173 PMCID: PMC5579650 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Aune D, Giovannucci E, Boffetta P, Fadnes LT, Keum N, Norat T, Greenwood DC, Riboli E, Vatten LJ, Tonstad S. Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1029-1056. [PMID: 28338764 PMCID: PMC5837313 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1129] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.94, I 2 = 0%, n = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92, I 2 = 73%, n = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95, I 2 = 31%, n = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99, I 2 = 49%, n = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93, I 2 = 83%, n = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care & Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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O'Kennedy N, Crosbie L, Song HJ, Zhang X, Horgan G, Duttaroy AK. A randomised controlled trial comparing a dietary antiplatelet, the water-soluble tomato extract Fruitflow, with 75 mg aspirin in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:723-730. [PMID: 27876806 PMCID: PMC5470100 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Increasing numbers of food ingredients are gaining acknowledgement, via regulated health claims, of benefits to human health. One such is a water-soluble tomato extract, Fruitflow (FF), a dietary antiplatelet. We examined relative platelet responses to FF and to 75 mg aspirin (ASA) in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 47 healthy subjects completed a double-blinded randomised controlled trial following a crossover design. Acute and 7-day treatments with 75 mg ASA were compared with control with and without concomitant FF, over a 5-h timecourse. Platelet aggregation response agonist, platelet thromboxane A2 release, plasma clotting times and time to form a primary haemostatic clot (PFA-100 closure time, TTC) were measured. RESULTS Administration of all treatments lowered platelet function and thromboxane A2 generation, and extended the TTC, relative to baseline (P<0.001) and to control (P<0.001). Plasma clotting times were not affected. A single 75 mg dose of ASA showed approximately equal efficacy to a dose of FF, whereas daily 75 mg ASA was approximately three times as effective after 7 days (P=0.002). Platelet responses were heterogenous with distinct weak and strong responder groups. Weak ASA responders retained a functional platelet response to collagen agonist and were responsive to FF. Concomitant FF and ASA did not lead to significant additive effects. CONCLUSIONS The suppression of platelet function observed after consuming FF is approximately one-third that of daily 75 mg ASA. The reversible action of FF renders it less likely to overextend the time to form a primary haemostatic clot than ASA, an important safety consideration for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - G Horgan
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), Dundee, UK
| | - A K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Song B, Liu K, Gao Y, Zhao L, Fang H, Li Y, Pei L, Xu Y. Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28318092 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of current meta-analysis was to investigate the relation between lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Studies concerning about the association between lycopene and risk of CVD were searched on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 2016. A total of 14 eligible studies were identified. A significantly inverse association with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90) was shown between lycopene exposure and risk of CVD. Findings were similar restricting to dietary studies (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79-0.96) and biomarker studies (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0. 62-0.87).Dietary lycopene intake was statistically significant for coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98) and stroke (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96).The pooled risk estimate was generally similar for lycopene biomarker concentrations, but the association was only statistically significant for stroke (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.87). Subgroup analyses showed that retrospective and low quality studies were statistically significant sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Higher lycopene exposure is inversely associated with a lower risk of CVD. Further well-designed randomized clinical trials are required to assess the role of lycopene on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lulu Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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39
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Neuroprotective diets for stroke. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:4-10. [PMID: 28161467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability in the elderly. In the last few years, there has been increasing evidence that suggests the influence of the diet on the decrease of stroke risk. Probably, because of the presence of bioactive components with beneficial effects such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. This article reviews several dietary bioactive compounds from studies in models of cerebral ischemia that have obtained promising results decreasing cerebral damage. We propose that many of these compounds present in diet could be good candidates to test new neuroprotection approaches focused on reducing the damage and protecting the brain before stroke occurs.
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40
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Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Li XN, Lin J, Xia J, Qin L, Zhu SY, Li JL. Lycopene mitigates atrazine-induced cardiac inflammation via blocking the NF-κB pathway and NO production. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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42
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Rinaldi de Alvarenga JF, Tran C, Hurtado-Barroso S, Martinez-Huélamo M, Illan M, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Home cooking and ingredient synergism improve lycopene isomer production in Sofrito. Food Res Int 2017; 99:851-861. [PMID: 28847422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in tomato products rich in lycopene Z-isomers since these carotenoids present greater bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than the all-E lycopene form. Intrinsic food properties as well as processing and the interaction between dietary components can all influence the content, type and bioavailability of carotenoids. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether carotenoid content and isomerization in tomato-based Mediterranean sofrito is affected by the process of home cooking and the presence of other ingredients such as extra virgin olive oil, onion and garlic. We used a full factorial design to clarify the contribution of each ingredient to the carotenoid composition of sofrito and to determine whether this can be improved by the cooking time and ingredient synergism. Cooking time and onion content were associated with a higher production of 5-Z-lycopene, 9-Z-lycopene and 13-Z-lycopene in sofrito. Onion proved to be the most interesting ingredient in the sofrito formulation due to their enhancing effect on lycopene isomerization. The use of onion combined with an adequate processing time may improve the bioavailability of lycopene in tomato products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Tran
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER 06/003 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martinez-Huélamo
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER 06/003 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Illan
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER 06/003 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Bandeira ACB, da Silva RC, Rossoni JV, Figueiredo VP, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS, Costa DC. Lycopene pretreatment improves hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in C57BL/6 mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:1057-1065. [PMID: 28031152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antipyretic and analgesic drug that, in high doses, leads to severe liver injury and potentially death. Oxidative stress is an important event in APAP overdose. Researchers are looking for natural antioxidants with the potential to mitigate the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species in different models. Lycopene has been widely studied for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lycopene pretreatment in APAP-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 male mice were divided into the following groups: control (C); sunflower oil (CO); acetaminophen 500mg/kg (APAP); acetaminophen 500mg/kg+lycopene 10mg/kg (APAP+L10), and acetaminophen 500mg/kg+lycopene 100mg/kg (APAP+L100). Mice were pretreated with lycopene for 14 consecutive days prior to APAP overdose. Analyses of blood serum and livers were performed. Lycopene was able to improve redox imbalance, decrease thiobarbituric acid reactive species level, and increase CAT and GSH levels. In addition, it decreased the IL-1β expression and the activity of MMP-2. This study revealed that preventive lycopene consumption in C57BL/6 mice can attenuate the effects of APAP-induced liver injury. Furthermore, by improving the redox state, and thus indicating its potential antioxidant effect, lycopene was also shown to have an influence on inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Bandeira ACB, da Silva TP, de Araujo GR, Araujo CM, da Silva RC, Lima WG, Bezerra FS, Costa DC. Lycopene inhibits reactive oxygen species production in SK-Hep-1 cells and attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 263:7-17. [PMID: 27989599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the antioxidant potential of lycopene in different experimental liver models: in vitro, to evaluate the influence of lycopene on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated by the PKC pathway and in vivo, to evaluate the protective effects of lycopene in an experimental model of hepatotoxicity. The in vitro study assessed the lycopene antioxidant potential by the quantification of ROS production in SK-Hep-1 cells unstimulated or stimulated by an activator of the PKC pathway. The role of NADPH oxidase was evaluated by measuring its inhibition potential using an inhibitor of this enzyme. In the in vivo study, male C57BL/6 mice received lycopene (10 or 100 mg/kg by oral gavage) and 1 h later, acetaminophen (APAP) (500 mg/kg) was administrated. Lycopene decreased ROS production in SK-Hep-1 cells through inhibition of NADPH oxidase, brought about in the PKC pathway. Lycopene improved hepatotoxicity acting as an antioxidant, reduced GSSG and regulated tGSH and CAT levels, reduced oxidative damage primarily by decreasing protein carbonylation, promoted the downregulation of MMP-2 and reduced areas of necrosis improving the general appearance of the lesion in C57BL/6 mice. Lycopene is a natural compound that was able to inhibit the production of ROS in vitro and mitigate the damage caused by APAP overdose in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Talita Prato da Silva
- Postgraduated Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Glaucy Rodrigues de Araujo
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Morais Araujo
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson Geraldo Lima
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduated Program in Biological Sciences of the Research Center for Biological Sciences - NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that high consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based products reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as CVD and cancer. Such potential benefits are often ascribed to high concentrations of lycopene present in tomato products. Mainly from the results of in vitro studies, potential biological mechanisms by which carotenoids could protect against heart disease and cancer have been suggested. These include cholesterol reduction, inhibition of oxidation processes, modulation of inflammatory markers, enhanced intercellular communication, inhibition of tumourigenesis and induction of apoptosis, metabolism to retinoids and antiangiogenic effects. However, with regard to CVD, results from intervention studies gave mixed results. Over fifty human intervention trials with lycopene supplements or tomato-based products have been conducted to date, the majority being underpowered. Many showed some beneficial effects but mostly on non-established cardiovascular risk markers such as lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidative damage, platelet activation and inflammatory markers. Only a few studies showed improvement in lipid profiles, C reactive protein and blood pressure. However, recent findings indicate that lycopene could exert cardiovascular protection by lowering HDL-associated inflammation, as well as by modulating HDL functionality towards an antiatherogenic phenotype. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicate that lycopene could modulate T lymphocyte activity, which would also inhibit atherogenic processes and confer cardiovascular protection. These findings also suggest that HDL functionality deserves further consideration as a potential early marker for CVD risk, modifiable by dietary factors such as lycopene.
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46
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Molecular Approaches to Genetically Improve the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Secondary Metabolites in Staple Crops-A Case Study: The Lipoxygenase-B1 Genes and Regulation of the Carotenoid Content in Pasta Products. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071177. [PMID: 27455242 PMCID: PMC4964548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, represent a large subset of plant molecules that include compounds with health-promoting effects. Indeed, a number of epidemiological studies have shown that, when taken regularly and in adequate amounts, these molecules can have long-term beneficial effects on human health, through reduction of the incidence of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. As the dietary intake of these phytochemicals is often inadequate, various strategies are in use to improve their content in staple crops, and the end-products thereof. One of the most effective strategies is crop improvement through genetic approaches, as this is the only way to generate new cultivars in which the high accumulation of a given phytochemical is stably fixed. Efforts to genetically improve quality traits are rapidly evolving, from classical breeding to molecular-assisted approaches; these require sound understanding of the molecular bases underlying the traits, to identify the genes/alleles that control them. This can be achieved through global analysis of the metabolic pathway responsible for phytochemical accumulation, to identify the link between phytochemical content and the activities of key enzymes that regulate the metabolic pathway, and between the key enzymes and their encoding genes/alleles. Once these have been identified, they can be used as markers for selection of new improved genotypes through biotechnological approaches. This review provides an overview of the major health-promoting properties shown to be associated with the dietary intake of phytochemicals, and describes how molecular approaches provide means for improving the health quality of edible crops. Finally, a case study is illustrated, of the identification in durum wheat of the Lipoxygenase-B1 genes that control the final carotenoid content in semolina-based foods, such as pasta products.
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O'Kennedy N, Raederstorff D, Duttaroy AK. Fruitflow ®: the first European Food Safety Authority-approved natural cardio-protective functional ingredient. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:461-482. [PMID: 27388464 PMCID: PMC5334395 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive platelets, in addition to their roles in thrombosis, are also important mediators of atherogenesis. Antiplatelet drugs are not suitable for use where risk of a cardiovascular event is relatively low. It is therefore important to find alternative safe antiplatelet inhibitors for the vulnerable population who has hyperactive platelets in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Potent antiplatelet factors were identified in water-soluble tomato extract (Fruitflow®), which significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. Human volunteer studies demonstrated the potency and bioavailability of active compounds in Fruitflow®. Fruitflow® became the first product in Europe to obtain an approved, proprietary health claim under Article 13(5) of the European Health Claims Regulation 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Fruitflow® is now commercially available in different countries worldwide. In addition to its reduction in platelet reactivity, Fruitflow® contains anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme and anti-inflammatory factors, making it an effective and natural cardio-protective functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O'Kennedy
- Provexis PLC, Reading, UK.,Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Celli GB, Teixeira AG, Duke TG, Brooks MSL. Encapsulationof lycopene from watermelon in calcium-alginate microparticles using an optimised inverse-gelation method by response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana B. Celli
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; PO Box 15000 Halifax Canada NS B3H 4R2
| | - Alyne G. Teixeira
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; PO Box 15000 Halifax Canada NS B3H 4R2
| | - Tamunoemi G. Duke
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; PO Box 15000 Halifax Canada NS B3H 4R2
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science; Dalhousie University; PO Box 15000 Halifax Canada NS B3H 4R2
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Valderas-Martinez P, Chiva-Blanch G, Casas R, Arranz S, Martínez-Huélamo M, Urpi-Sarda M, Torrado X, Corella D, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Estruch R. Tomato Sauce Enriched with Olive Oil Exerts Greater Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors than Raw Tomato and Tomato Sauce: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:170. [PMID: 26999197 PMCID: PMC4808898 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have observed a negative association between tomato intake and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. As tomato sauces are usually cooked with the addition of oil, some studies have pointed out that both processes may increase the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. However, the effect of consumption of raw tomatoes and tomato sauces on inflammation biomarkers and adhesion molecules related to atherosclerosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to test the postprandial effects of a single dose of raw tomatoes (RT), tomato sauce (TS) and tomato sauce with refined olive oil (TSOO) on cardiovascular disease risk factors. We performed an open, prospective, randomized, cross-over, controlled feeding trial in 40 healthy subjects who randomly received: 7.0 g of RT/kg of body weight (BW), 3.5 g of TS/kg BW, 3.5 g of TSOO/Kg BW and 0.25 g of sugar solved in water/kg BW on a single occasion on four different days. Biochemical parameters and cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 6 h after each intervention. The results indicate that, compared to control intervention, a single tomato intake in any form decreased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and several cellular and plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and increased plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol and interleukine (IL) 10 concentrations. However, the changes of plasma IL-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) from T-lymphocytes and CD36 from monocytes were significantly greater after TSOO than after RT and TS interventions. We concluded that tomato intake has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, especially cooked and enriched with oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Valderas-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Sara Arranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Xavier Torrado
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Dolores Corella
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Higher levels of serum lycopene are associated with reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2016; 36:402-7. [PMID: 27101758 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of mortality. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation may play an important role in the high mortality of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have suggested that lycopene intake might be related to the reduced oxidative stress and decreased inflammation. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the hypothesis that lycopene is associated with mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome. A total of 2499 participants 20 years and older with metabolic syndrome were divided into 3 groups based on their serum concentration of lycopene using the tertile rank method. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from years 2001 to 2006 was linked to the mortality file for mortality follow-up data through December 31, 2011, to determine the mortality rate and hazard ratios (HR) for the 3 serum lycopene concentration groups. The mean survival time was significantly higher in the group with the highest serum lycopene concentration (120.6 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 118.8-122.3) and the medium group (116.3 months; 95% CI, 115.2-117.4), compared with the group with lowest serum lycopene concentration (107.4 months; 95% CI, 106.5-108.3). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, participants in the highest (HR, 0.61; P = .0113) and in the second highest (HR, 0.67; P = .0497) serum lycopene concentration groups showed significantly lower HRs of mortality when compared with participants in the lower serum lycopene concentration. The data suggest that higher serum lycopene concentration has a significant association with the reduced risk of mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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