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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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Fujiyoshi A, Kohsaka S, Hata J, Hara M, Kai H, Masuda D, Miyamatsu N, Nishio Y, Ogura M, Sata M, Sekiguchi K, Takeya Y, Tamura K, Wakatsuki A, Yoshida H, Fujioka Y, Fukazawa R, Hamada O, Higashiyama A, Kabayama M, Kanaoka K, Kawaguchi K, Kosaka S, Kunimura A, Miyazaki A, Nii M, Sawano M, Terauchi M, Yagi S, Akasaka T, Minamino T, Miura K, Node K. JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2024; 88:763-842. [PMID: 38479862 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women's University
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume Univeristy Medical Center
| | | | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Helath Science, Osaka University Gradiate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Osamu Hamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | | | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenjiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Masaki Nii
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Cerebral Center
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Meidicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
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3
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Cristodoro M, Zambella E, Fietta I, Inversetti A, Di Simone N. Dietary Patterns and Fertility. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38392349 PMCID: PMC10886842 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diet has a key role in the reproductive axis both in males and females. This review aims to analyze the impacts of different dietary patterns on fertility. It appears that the Mediterranean diet has a predominantly protective role against infertility, while the Western diet seems to be a risk factor for infertility. Moreover, we focus attention also on dietary patterns in different countries of the World (Middle Eastern diet, Asian diet). In particular, when analyzing single nutrients, a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and carbohydrates with high glycemic index is highly associated with male and female infertility. Finally, we evaluate the effects of vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets on fertility, which seem to be still unclear. We believe that comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in infertility will lead to more effective and targeted treatments for infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cristodoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrica Zambella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fietta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Inversetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Mironeasa S, Coţovanu I, Mironeasa C, Ungureanu-Iuga M. A Review of the Changes Produced by Extrusion Cooking on the Bioactive Compounds from Vegetal Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37507991 PMCID: PMC10376774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy ready-to-eat foods like snacks is increasing. Physical modification of vegetal food matrices through extrusion generates significant changes in the chemical composition of the final product. There is a great variety of food matrices that can be used in extrusion, most of them being based on cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, or seeds. The aim of this review was to summarize the main effects of the extrusion process on the bioactive compounds content, namely phenolics, terpenes, vitamins, minerals, and fibers of vegetal mixes, as well as on their biological activity. The literature reported contradictory results regarding the changes in bioactive compounds after extrusion, mainly due to the differences in the processing conditions, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of the extruded material and quantification methods. The thermolabile phenolics and vitamins were negatively affected by extrusion, while the fiber content was proved to be enhanced. Further research is needed regarding the interactions between bioactive components during extrusion, as well as a more detailed analysis of the impact of extrusion on the terpenes since there are few papers dealing with this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ionica Coţovanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Costel Mironeasa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Mountain Economy Center (CE-MONT), "Costin C. Kiriţescu" National Institute of Economic Researches (INCE), Romanian Academy, 49 Petreni Street, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania
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Nutrigenomic Effects of White Rice and Brown Rice on the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders in a Fruit Fly Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020532. [PMID: 36677591 PMCID: PMC9865196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of white rice (WR) has been shown to predispose individuals to metabolic disorders. However, brown rice (BR), which is relatively richer in bioactive compounds, possesses anti-glycaemic and antioxidant effects. In this study, fifteen cultivars of paddy rice that are predominantly consumed in North West Nigeria were analysed for their nutritional composition, bioactive contents and effects on metabolic outcomes in a fruit fly model. Gene expression analyses were conducted on the whole fly, targeting dPEPCK, dIRS, and dACC. The protein, carbohydrate, and fibre contents and bioactives of all BR cultivars were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the WR cultivars. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the glucose and trehalose levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05), while glycogen was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the WR groups compared to the BR groups. Similarly, the expression of dACC and dPEPCK was upregulated, while that of dIRS was downregulated in the WR groups compared to the BR groups. Sex differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the WR groups in relation to the nutrigenomic effects. Our findings confirm metabolic perturbations in fruit flies following consumption of WR via distortion of insulin signalling and activation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. BR prevented these metabolic changes possibly due to its richer nutritional composition.
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Yu J, Balaji B, Tinajero M, Jarvis S, Khan T, Vasudevan S, Ranawana V, Poobalan A, Bhupathiraju S, Sun Q, Willett W, Hu FB, Jenkins DJA, Mohan V, Malik VS. White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065426. [PMID: 36167362 PMCID: PMC9516166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intake of white rice has been associated with elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while studies on brown rice are conflicting. To inform dietary guidance, we synthesised the evidence on white rice and brown rice with T2D risk. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched through November 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective cohort studies of white and brown rice intake on T2D risk (≥1 year), and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing brown rice with white rice on cardiometabolic risk factors (≥2 weeks). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by the primary reviewer and two additional reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for prospective cohort studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. Strength of the meta-evidence was assessed using NutriGrade. RESULTS Nineteen articles were included: 8 cohort studies providing 18 estimates (white rice: 15 estimates, 25 956 cases, n=5 77 426; brown rice: 3 estimates, 10 507 cases, n=1 97 228) and 11 RCTs (n=1034). In cohort studies, white rice was associated with higher risk of T2D (pooled RR, 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32) comparing extreme categories. At intakes above ~300 g/day, a dose-response was observed (each 158 g/day serving was associated with 13% (11%-15%) higher risk of T2D). Intake of brown rice was associated with lower risk of T2D (pooled RR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.97) comparing extreme categories. Each 50 g/day serving of brown rice was associated with 13% (6%-20%) lower risk of T2D. Cohort studies were considered to be of good or fair quality. RCTs showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.06 mmol/L; 0.00 to 0.11 mmol/L) in the brown compared with white rice group. No other significant differences in risk factors were observed. The majority of RCTs were found to have some concern for risk of bias. Overall strength of the meta-evidence was moderate for cohort studies and moderate and low for RCTs. CONCLUSION Intake of white rice was associated with higher risk of T2D, while intake of brown rice was associated with lower risk. Findings from substitution trials on cardiometabolic risk factors were inconsistent. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020158466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maria Tinajero
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Jarvis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudha Vasudevan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viren Ranawana
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amudha Poobalan
- Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Shilpa Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Effect of heat-moisture treated brown rice crackers on postprandial flow-mediated dilation in adults with mild endothelial dysfunction. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10284. [PMID: 36051263 PMCID: PMC9424955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathophysiological feature and independent predictor of a poor prognosis in most forms of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of brown rice crackers (BR-C) on endothelial function. Methods Effect of heat-moisture treated (HMT) -BR-C on postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults with mild endothelial dysfunction was compared with that of BR-C and white rice crackers (WR-C) in 12 adults with mild endothelial dysfunction (less than 7.0% of FMD) by a randomized, single-blind, three-treatment three-period crossover trial (UMIN 000034898). Since we considered that the FMD increase was associated with the treatment of HMT-BR-C, we examined the effect of three possible factors: postprandial glucose levels, polyphenol content, and polyphenol release from the food matrix. Results Mean pre-intake baseline FMD values of HMT-BR-C, BR-C, and WR-C were 4.9%, 5.1%, and 4.9%, respectively, and those values 1 h post-intake were 6.3%, 5.1%, and 4.8%, respectively. There was no difference in intergroup comparisons of FMD using Dunnett's multiple comparison test. There was a significant increase in FMD only in HMT-BR-C in intragroup comparisons (P = 0.042 by paired-t test). In comparison with BR-C, no significant difference was noted in the postprandial glucose level nor in the content of total polyphenols and ferulic acid derivatives in HMT-BR-C. However, the 70% ethanol extracted from HMT-BR-C contained a significantly larger amount of free and bound ferulic acids than from BR-C. Conclusion HMT-BR-C intake increased the postprandial FMD response.
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Li Z, Yan H, Chen L, Wang Y, Liang J, Feng X, Hui S, Wang K. Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1814-1824. [PMID: 35678196 PMCID: PMC9623515 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Although mounting evidence has suggested an inverse association between the intake of whole grains and glycemic control, findings from randomized controlled trials are still conflicting. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of medium/long‐term whole grain intake on glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and healthy populations. Materials and Methods A literature search was carried out to identify qualified studies up to July 2021. The effects of whole grain consumption on glycemic control were calculated using a fixed effects model. Subgroup analysis was used to study whether grouping factors were important influencing factors of heterogeneity between research results. Results A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 2,060 participants were included in the analyses. Whole grain consumption showed a significant inverse regulatory effect on fasting glucose concentration, but no significant effect was found for other glycemic measures, such as fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin and 2‐h glucose, in the pooled analysis. Through subgroup analyses, a significant decrease in fasting glucose concentration was observed for studies with a higher whole grain dose, with participants of normal glycemia, and with mixed types of whole grain. Conclusions Medium‐/long‐term whole grain intake reduced the fasting glucose concentration compared with similar refined foods. Appropriate intervention dose and accurate population selection might be the key links for whole grain consumption to exert its glycemic control effect. Thirty‐two RCTs with 2060 participants were included in analyses. The whole grain consumption showed significant inverse regulation effect on fasting glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA
| | - Hongjia Yan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Suocheng Hui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Du W, Huang F, Zhang B, Wang H. Differential Association of Wheat and Rice Consumption With Overweight/Obesity in Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015. Front Nutr 2022; 9:808301. [PMID: 35734377 PMCID: PMC9207194 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.808301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat and rice are the main staple foods in China and likely have a major influence on health. This analysis examined the potential association between wheat and rice consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity in Chinese adults. We used data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2015. Adults aged 18–80 years old (n = 11,503) were included in the present analysis, for whom questionnaires and anthropometric data were collected during at least two waves. We constructed three-level mixed-effect linear regression models to estimate body mass index (BMI) in relation to wheat and rice intakes and performed three-level mixed-effect logistic regression models to assess the risk of overweight/obesity. Women showed significant BMI increases of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.24) from a higher intake of wheat but not from a higher intake of rice when adjusted for all potential confounders. Comparing the highest quartiles of intake of wheat with non-consumers in men and women, odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) of overweight/obesity were 1.45 (1.15, 1.85) and 1.26 (1.00, 1.60), respectively. In men, there was an inverse association with the risk of overweight/obesity in the comparison of the highest quartiles of intake of rice (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.96) and non-consumers when adjusted for all potential confounders. Higher intake of wheat was positively associated with the risk of overweight/obesity among Chinese adults. Further, there was an inverse association between rice intake with overweight/obesity in Chinese men but not in women.
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Stachydrine derived from fermented rice prevents diet-induced obesity by regulating adipsin and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109036. [PMID: 35533898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Makgeolli, a widely consumed traditional alcoholic beverage in Korea, is brewed mainly from rice using Nuruk as a fermentation starter, which contains fungi, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria. Among 58 Makgeolli samples brewed using various Nuruks, we found that one exhibited anti-obesity properties, with stachydrine shown to be responsible for these properties. Stachydrine promotes lipolysis and inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; it also reduces weight gain and improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in a mouse model. Stachydrine dramatically suppresses adipsin mRNA levels in liver and adipose tissue, whereas serum adipsin levels were elevated in stachydrine-treated mice compared to mice fed a high-fat diet alone. Moreover, stachydrine recovers endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and regulates adipsin expression. We highlight the potential use of stachydrine as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance and the use of Makgeolli fermented by Nuruk as a source of novel bioactive compounds.
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Fermented brown rice beverage distinctively modulates the gut microbiota in Okinawans with Metabolic Syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2022; 103:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Li S, Zong A, An R, Wang H, Liu L, Liu J, Guo X, Xu Z, Wang J, Li D, Du F, Xu T. Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-20. [PMID: 34793262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains (WGs) may have various health benefits, including lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of WGs compared with non-WGs on changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A systematic literature search was performed for all published randomized controlled trials on the effects of WG intake on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR response up to February 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated. Pre-specified subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were explored to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were conducted to appraise study quality. Among 12,435 articles screened for eligibility, data were extracted from 48 articles. Meta-analysis of 4,118 participants showed that WG consumption resulted in a significant reduction in fasting glucose by -0.15 mmol/L, fasting insulin by -2.71 pmol/L, HbA1c by -0.44%, and HOMA-IR by -0.28, respectively. Compared with mixed grains, brown rice, and wheat, oats were significantly lower on marker of glycemic. Besides, multiple interventions per day consolidated effectiveness of WGs. WG consumption decreased the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR compared with non-WG consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Aizhen Zong
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangling Du
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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13
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Effect of the Intake of Brown Rice for Six Months on the Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly Persons: A Study Protocol for a Pilot, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040078. [PMID: 34842782 PMCID: PMC8628973 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional components of brown rice have been reported to be effective against diabetes mellitus. Recent animal studies have suggested that it is also effective in maintaining cognitive function. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of a brown rice diet on cognitive function in individuals aged over 60 years. The study participants were recruited from a pool of individuals aged ≥60 years who were using elderly care facilities. The participants were provided with four servings of brown or white rice per week for 6 months, and their cognitive function was measured before and after the intervention period. Prior to the intervention, participants tasted the white and brown rice to determine which type they would like to be offered over the 6-month period. Since rice is the staple food of the participants in this study, they were allowed to decide whether they wanted to eat white or brown rice.
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14
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Bhar S, Bose T, Dutta A, Mande SS. A perspective on the benefits of consumption of parboiled rice over brown rice for glycaemic control. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:615-624. [PMID: 34613432 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rice is a staple food for over 3.5 billion people worldwide. The nutritional content of rice varies with different post-harvest processing techniques. Major varieties include brown rice (BR), white rice (WR) and parboiled rice (PBR). While consumption of BR is advocated due to its higher nutritional content compared to other varieties, some studies have indicated lower post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels when PBR is consumed. This apparent benefit of PBR consumption is not well publicised and no commentaries on underlying mechanisms are available in literature. METHODS In this review, we looked into differential nutrient content of PBR, as compared to BR and WR, and tried to understand how their consumption could be associated with glycaemic control. Various roles played by these nutrients in mechanisms of insulin secretion, insulin resistance, nutrient absorption and T2DM-associated inflammation were reviewed from literature-based evidence. RESULTS We report differential nutritional factors in PBR, with respect to BR (and WR), such as higher calcium and selenium content, lower phytic acids, and enriched vitamin B6 which might aid PBR's ability to provide better glycaemic control than BR. CONCLUSION Our interpretation of reviewed literature leads us to suggest the possible benefits of PBR consumption in glycaemic control and its inclusion as the preferred rice variant in diets of T2DM patients and at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Bhar
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India
| | - Tungadri Bose
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.
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15
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Handayani D, Kusumastuty I, Innayah AM, Retnaningtyas E, Sulistyowati E, Sasiarini L, Rudijanto A. Substitution of local Indonesian varieties of brown rice on anthropometry and blood glucose level improvement in type 2 DM patients: a pilot project. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34579520 PMCID: PMC8859717 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence increases globally. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is one of the DM management pillars to control blood glucose. Local Indonesian brown rice is proven to contain high fiber and magnesium levels thus could improve obesity, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c. This study aims to prove the benefits of brown rice on anthropometric parameters and blood glucose control. Design and methods: Respondents were overweight women older than 40 years with type 2 diabetes who were given three main meals and three snacks six days a week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and blood glucose control data were collected before and after the intervention. Diet and intake data before the intervention were obtained through a semi quantitate food frequency questionnaire. Intake data during the intervention were recorded using the 24-hour food record and analyzed using modified NutriSurvey 2007 software. Results: Brown rice intervention significantly reduced body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and abdominal circumference (p<0.05), also in fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), and HbA1c (p<0.05). From the Pearson’s test results, an increase in fiber intake correlated with a decrease in BMI and abdominal circumference (p=0.03; r = -0.511 and p=0.006; r = -0.619, respectively). Meanwhile, magnesium intake and changes in BMI showed a negative correlation. Conclusions: The substitution of brown rice as a staple food for 12 weeks improves anthropometric parameters and blood glucose control in respondents with type 2 diabetes. Significance for public health Diet management is one important point in blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus patients. Ignoring the eating habits of patients given interventions makes diet difficult to be implemented. The tradition of consuming rice as a staple food is a dietary pattern for Indonesians. Selecting brown rice as a staple food in patients with diabetes mellitus has been proven to improve blood glucose control. Clinical trials in this study can be used as a reference for public education regarding the recommended servings of brown rice in daily servings as blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Handayani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
| | - Inggita Kusumastuty
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
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16
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Evaluation of the Obesity Prevention, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid Control of Vietnamese Rice Varieties in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:4880603. [PMID: 34532496 PMCID: PMC8440102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4880603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five Vietnamese rice varieties, which differ in their basic chemical composition (starch content, amylose content, fiber content) including polished rices and whole grain rices, were chosen for this study. High-fat diet-induced obesity, using these rice, was subjected to in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of body weight gain, caloric intake, postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL), and glycemic index (GI) in tested mice groups. PBGL peaks appeared at 30th minute after eating, and GI of each experimental group was ranked in order as GN > TL > HR > GM > LĐ and GN > LT > HR > LĐ > GM, respectively, in which, brown rice (LĐ) and germinated brown rice (GM) had low GI. Furthermore, these rice varieties caused the lowest LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterols in mice. In this study, the higher the amylose and fiber contents were, the lower glycemic index, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL values were. The golden flower glutinous rice (GN), with low amylose and fiber content, gave worse blood lipid parameters than that of GM and LĐ. Histopathological studies of white adipose and liver tissues showed that LĐ and GM significantly reduced the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver compared with the others, especially compared to GN. The results obtained from this study help patients with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes choose the right rice variety for their daily diet to be able to control their diseases.
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17
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Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Eskandari Delfan S, Mirmiran P. The effect of brown rice compared to white rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7395-7412. [PMID: 33905269 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effect of brown rice consumption on metabolic parameters compared to white rice, with inconsistent findings. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effect of brown rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers in adult subjects compared to white rice. In this study, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Embase databases were comprehensively searched until March 2021. Thirteen RCTs were selected and then included in the meta-analysis. As reported, brown rice significantly reduced weight by -1.63 kg (95% CI: -2.15 to -1.11, I2=97%, n = 6), body mass index (BMI) by -0.58 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.78 to -0.37, I2=96%, n = 6), and waist circumference by -2.56 cm (95% CI: -4.86 to -0.26, I2=88%, n = 5) compared with white rice. Moreover, it had no significant effect on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Besides, pre-germinated brown rice significantly declined weight (-1.75 kg, 95% CI: -2.70 to -0.81, I2=99%, n = 4), total cholesterol (-24.22 mg/dl, 95% CI: -33.03 to -15.41, I2=78%, n = 5), triglyceride (TG) (-43.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: -74.05 to -12.50, I2=90%, n = 5), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-20.05 mg/dl, 95% CI: -29.57 to -10.52, I2=71%, n = 5), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-15.83 mg/dl, 95% CI: -25.20 to -6.46, I2=91%, n = 5). In accordance with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the certainly of the included evidence was low and very low. The results of the present study indicate that, brown rice has anti-obesity effects in comparison with white rice; however, it has no beneficial effects on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Contrary to brown rice, it was shown that, pre-germinated brown rice significantly decreases body weight and improves lipid profile and FBG levels compared to white rice. Accordingly, our results indicate that, pre-germinated brown rice has better functional effects on promoting lipid profile and FBG compared to brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Williams R, Periasamy M. Genetic and Environmental Factors Contributing to Visceral Adiposity in Asian Populations. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:681-695. [PMID: 33397033 PMCID: PMC7803598 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated metabolic illnesses are increasing at an alarming rate in Asian countries. A common feature observed in the Asian population is a higher incidence of abdominal obesity-the "skinny-fat" Asian syndrome. In this review, we critically evaluate the relative roles of genetics and environmental factors on fat distribution in Asian populations. While there is an upward trend in obesity among most Asian countries, it appears particularly conspicuous in Malaysia. We propose a novel theory, the Malaysian gene-environment multiplier hypothesis, which explains how ancestral variations in feast-and-famine cycles contribute to inherited genetic predispositions that, when acted on by modern-day stressors-most notably, urbanization, westernization, lifestyle changes, dietary transitions, cultural pressures, and stress-contribute to increased visceral adiposity in Asian populations. At present, the major determinants contributing to visceral adiposity in Asians are far from conclusive, but we seek to highlight critical areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF) College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF) College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
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19
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Matsuzaki K, Shido O, Yoshino K. The journey from white rice to ultra-high hydrostatic pressurized brown rice: an excellent endeavor for ideal nutrition from staple food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1502-1520. [PMID: 33190522 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1844138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although brown rice (BR) contains significantly higher levels of nutrients than the traditionally used polished white rice (WR), its consumption among the population is still not noteworthy. WR and BR are essentially same grain. The only difference between the two is the application of an exhaustive milling procedure during the processing of WR that removes all other layers of the grain except the portion of its white endosperm. BR, on the other hand, is prepared by removing only the outer hull of the rice seed. Thus, in addition to its inner endosperm, the bran and germ are also left on the BR. Hence, BR retains all its nutrients, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, vitamins, minerals, tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) packed into the bran and germ of the seed. Since BR tastes nutty and takes longer to cook than WR, it is not appreciated by the consumers. However, these problems have been circumvented using non-thermal ultra-high hydrostatic pressure (UHHP)-processing for the treatment of BR. A superior modification in the physicochemical and functional qualities of UHHPBR, along with its ability to curb human diseases may make it a more palatable and nutritious choice of rice over WR or the untreated-BR. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism by which UHHP treatment leads to the modification of nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and fibers. We have focused on the effects of rice on cell and animal models of different conditions such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension and the possible mechanisms. Finally, we have emphasized the effects of UHHPBR in human cases with rare conditions such as osteoporosis and brain cognition - two age-related degenerative diseases of the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.,Departmnet of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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20
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Marshall S, Petocz P, Duve E, Abbott K, Cassettari T, Blumfield M, Fayet-Moore F. The Effect of Replacing Refined Grains with Whole Grains on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials with GRADE Clinical Recommendation. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1859-1883.e31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Effect of Eating Glutinous Brown Rice Twice a Day for 6 Weeks on Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Japanese Subjects without Diabetes. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:8847781. [PMID: 33123379 PMCID: PMC7584938 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that eating glutinous brown rice (GBR) for 1 day or 8 weeks was well accepted and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The present study evaluated whether eating GBR could also improve glucose metabolism in subjects without diabetes. A prospective 6-week, single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study was carried out in subjects receiving annual medical checkup at our hospital. A total of 42 subjects were randomly assigned to continue their regular diet (RD group) or to switch GBR twice a day (GBR group). The primary outcome was the change in the serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) from baseline after the 6-week dietary intervention. One subject was excluded from the analysis because of a traffic accident. After 6 weeks, the serum 1,5-AG was significantly increased in the GBR group and the mean treatment difference (GBR group - RD group) was 1.1 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.6, p=0.022). Body mass index decreased significantly in both groups, with no significant difference between them (p=0.210). There were no changes in fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, or eating behavior. Intake of GBR for 6 weeks significantly increased serum 1,5-AG in Japanese subjects without diabetes. The increase of 1,5-AG may have been due to the alleviation of postprandial hyperglycemia, which could be effective for the primary prevention of diabetes.
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22
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Ruijgrok C, Blaak EE, Egli L, Dussort P, Vinoy S, Rauh SP, Beulens JW, Robertson MD, Alssema M. Reducing postprandial glucose in dietary intervention studies and the magnitude of the effect on diabetes-related risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:259-273. [PMID: 32277270 PMCID: PMC7867534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia has beneficial effects on
diabetes-related risk factors, but the magnitude of the reduction needed to achieve such
an effect is unknown. The purpose of the study was to quantify the relationship of acute
glucose and insulin postprandial responses with longer-term effects on diabetes-related
risk factors by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention
studies. Methods We systematically searched EMBASE and MEDLINE. Dietary intervention studies
among any human population aiming to reduce postprandial glycemia, with actual measures of
postprandial glucose (PPG) and/or insulin (PPI) as acute exposures (incremental area under
the curve, iAUC) as well as markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and
insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) after at least 4 weeks of diet intervention
as outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed for the effects on acute exposures
and on diabetes-related risk factors. The relationship between changes in acute exposures
and changes in risk factor outcomes was estimated by meta-regression analyses. Results Out of the 13,004 screened papers, 13 papers with 14 comparisons were
included in the quantitative analysis. The dietary interventions acutely reduced mean PPG
[mean difference (MD), − 0.27 mmol/l; 95% CI − 0.41 to − 0.14], but not mean PPI (MD
− 7.47 pmol/l; 95% CI − 16.79 to 1.86). There were no significant overall effects on
fasting glucose and insulin. HbA1c was reduced by − 0.20% (95% CI − 0.35 to − 0.05).
Changes in acute PPG were significantly associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) [per 10% change in PPG: β = 0.085 (95% CI 0.003,
0.167), k = 14], but not with fasting insulin
[β = 1.20 (95% CI − 0.32, 2.71), k = 12]. Changes in acute PPI were not associated with changes
in FPG [per 10% change in PPI: β = − 0.017 (95% CI
− 0.056, 0.022), k = 11]. Conclusions Only a limited number of postprandial glucose-lowering dietary intervention
studies measured acute postprandial exposures to PPG/PPI during the interventions. In this
small heterogeneous set of studies, an association was found between the magnitude of the
acute postprandial responses and the change in fasting glucose, but no other outcomes.
More studies are needed to quantify the relationship between acute postprandial changes
and long-term effects on risk factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02240-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Ruijgrok
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Dussort
- ILSI Europe a.I.S.B.L., Avenue E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Department, Mondelez International R&D, Saclay, France
| | - Simone P Rauh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjan Alssema
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - location VUmc, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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23
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Sawada K, Rahmania H, Matsuki M, Hashimoto H, Ito J, Miyazawa T, Nakagawa K. Absorption and Metabolism of γ-Oryzanol, a Characteristic Functional Ingredient in Rice Bran. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 65:S180-S184. [PMID: 31619625 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
γ-Oryzanol (OZ), a functional substance found in rice bran, consists of multiple molecular species. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, the researches exploring the various function of rice bran OZ have been conducted for a long time, and it has become clear that OZ has a lot of pharmaceutical activities. It is assumed that each type of OZ molecular species may have different effects. In contrast, the profile behaviour of OZ inside the body has not been fully understood. This article reviews the previous studies about the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and effects of rice bran OZ and also introduces the new method to evaluate the OZ metabolic fate by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with tandem mass-spectrometry (MS/MS) which has higher selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Sawada
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University.,Tsuno Food Industrial CO., LTD
| | - Halida Rahmania
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | | | | | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University.,Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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24
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Mai TT, Trang TT, Hai TT. Effectiveness of germinated brown rice on metabolic syndrome: A randomized control trial in Vietnam. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:33-43. [PMID: 32258188 PMCID: PMC7109533 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To treating Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in the human body by using cooked pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR), a randomized control trial was done in Vietnam. 80 subjects (65.1 ± 3.81 years old) separated into two groups in pairs were assigned a daily intake of 200 g PGBR, and the subjects in the placebo group were kept in normal living ways (consuming white rice). Before baseline and after 3 months of the intervention, anthropometric measurements, blood chemical examinations, a nutrition survey, and physical activity measurements were conducted. The main finding showed that the percentages of patients with MetS in the PGBR group were reduced significantly compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased from 1.11 (mmol/l) to 1.44 (mmol/l) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that PGBR may affect HDL cholesterol, PGBR might be considered in reducing the risk of MetS in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Tuyet Mai
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thu Trang
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hai
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, North Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
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25
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Efficacy of Isomaltulose Compared to Sucrose in Modulating Endothelial Function in Overweight Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010141. [PMID: 31947853 PMCID: PMC7019610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is linked to impaired arterial endothelial function (EF), an early sign of cardiovascular disease. We compared the efficacy of low-glycemic index isomaltulose (Palatinose™) with that of sucrose in modulating EF, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In this double-blinded cross-over study, 80 overweight mildly hypertensive subjects were randomized to receive 50 g of either isomaltulose or sucrose. On two non-consecutive days, brachial artery ultrasound FMD scans were obtained prior to and hourly (T0-T3) after carbohydrate load. Blood was drawn immediately after scanning. Glucose and insulin levels were analyzed. Overall, the FMD decrease was attenuated by isomaltulose compared to sucrose (ΔFMD = -0.003% and -0.151%; p > 0.05 for the interaction treatment x period). At T2, FMD was significantly higher after isomaltulose administration compared to that after sucrose administration (FMD = 5.9 ± 2.9% and 5.4 ± 2.6%, p = 0.047). Pearson correlations between FMD and blood glucose showed a trend for a negative association at T0 and T2 independently of the carbohydrate (r-range = -0.20 to -0.23, p < 0.1). Sub-analysis suggested a lower FMD in insulin-resistant (IR) compared to insulin-sensitive subjects. Isomaltulose attenuated the postprandial decline of FMD, particularly in IR persons. These data support the potential of isomaltulose to preserve the endothelial function postprandially and consequently play a favorable role in cardiovascular health.
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26
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Loader J, Khouri C, Taylor F, Stewart S, Lorenzen C, Cracowski JL, Walther G, Roustit M. The continuums of impairment in vascular reactivity across the spectrum of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:906-920. [PMID: 30887713 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the change in vascular reactivity across the full spectrum of cardiometabolic health. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from their inception to March 13, 2017, including studies that assessed basal vascular reactivity in two or more of the following health groups (aged ≥18 years old): healthy, overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes with or without complications. Direct and indirect comparisons of vascular reactivity were combined using a network meta-analysis. Comparing data from 193 articles (7226 healthy subjects and 19344 patients), the network meta-analyses revealed a progressive impairment in vascular reactivity (flow-mediated dilation data) from the clinical onset of an overweight status (-0.41%, 95% CI, -0.98 to 0.15) through to the development of vascular complications in those with type 2 diabetes (-4.26%, 95% CI, -4.97 to -3.54). Meta-regressions revealed that for every 1 mmol/l increase in fasting blood glucose concentration, flow-mediated dilation decreased by 0.52%. Acknowledging that the time course of disease may vary between patients, this study demonstrates multiple continuums of vascular dysfunction where the severity of impairment in vascular reactivity progressively increases throughout the pathogenesis of obesity and/or insulin resistance, providing information that is important to enhancing the timing and effectiveness of strategies that aim to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Loader
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | - Charles Khouri
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Frances Taylor
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Stewart
- Hatter Institute for Reducing Cardiovascular Disease in Africa, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian Lorenzen
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Cracowski
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Walther
- LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, Avignon, France.,School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthieu Roustit
- Inserm U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinical Pharmacology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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27
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Masuzaki H, Kozuka C, Okamoto S, Yonamine M, Tanaka H, Shimabukuro M. Brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol as a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against diabetes mellitus and obesity in humans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:18-25. [PMID: 29978570 PMCID: PMC6319487 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic overconsumption of animal fats causes a variety of health problems, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Underlying molecular mechanisms encompass leptin resistance, a decrease in rewarding effects of physical activities, xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in vasculature and peripheral tissue, impaired activation of incretin signaling, deviation in food preference, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Based on our clinical observation that daily intake of brown rice effectively ameliorates bodyweight gain, impaired glucose tolerance/insulin resistance and dependence on fatty foods in obese, prediabetes men, a line of research on brown rice (rice bran)-derived γ-oryzanol in mice experiments, cultured cells and human clinical trials is underway in our laboratory. Our works in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, an ester mixture of ferulic acid and several kinds of phytosterols, acts as a molecular chaperone, thereby attenuating the strong preference for animal fats through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus. In pancreatic islets from both high-fat diet-induced and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, γ-oryzanol ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protects β-cells against apoptosis. Noticeably, γ-oryzanol also acts as a potent inhibitor against deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases in the brain reward system (striatum) in mice, thereby attenuating, at least partly, the preference for a high-fat diet through the epigenetic modulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptor. Because dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain reward system is considerably attenuated in obese humans and rodents, γ-oryzanol might represent a unique property to ameliorate both hedonic and metabolic dysregulation of feeding behavior, highlighting a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | | | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismSchool of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Nutraceuticals and Diet-based Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Whole Food to Components with Defined Roles and Mechanisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 16:12-25. [PMID: 30378500 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666181031103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, the development and use of an array of prescription medications have considerably improved the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the quality of life of patients. However, as our knowledge of the associated risk factors and approaches to its management increases, the increasing roles of diet and the composition of the diet in the etiology and successful management of diabetes mellitus are being illuminated. Presently, a lot of attention is being given to nutraceuticals and certain phytochemicals that are integral parts of the human diet. It is believed that a clearer understanding of their roles may be crucial to 'non-invasive' or minimallyintrusive management, with regards to daily living of patients. In this review, an overview of nutraceutical components and phytochemicals that may be of benefit, or had been known to be beneficial in diabetes mellitus is given. Also, how the roles of such dietary components are evolving in the management of this disorder is highlighted. Lastly, the obstacles that need to be overcome before nutraceuticals can be considered as options for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus areconsidered. CONCLUSION Despite studies that demonstrate their efficacy, no nutraceutical or food-derived compound has been formally adopted as a direct replacement for any class of antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Musa-Veloso K, Poon T, Harkness LS, O'Shea M, Chu Y. The effects of whole-grain compared with refined wheat, rice, and rye on the postprandial blood glucose response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:759-774. [PMID: 30321274 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole grains are often referred to collectively, despite differences in their composition, physical structure, processing, and potential health benefits. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial blood glucose response of whole-grain with refined wheat, rice, or rye, while controlling for the food delivery matrix and the processing of the grain (e.g., grinding, germination). Design Eleven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies published up to and including November 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of whole-grain wheat, rice, or rye with those of each grain's refined counterpart on postprandial blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) were included. Pooled effect sizes were computed by using the difference in the blood glucose AUC after the consumption of the whole compared with the refined grain. Results Twenty publications were included, with 10, 14, and 5 strata (or active-control comparisons) on whole-grain wheat, rice, and rye, respectively. The consumption of ground (wholemeal) wheat, compared with white wheat, was not associated with a significant reduction in blood glucose AUC (-6.7 mmol/L ⋅ min; 95% CI: -25.1, 11.7 mmol/L ⋅ min; P = 0.477). The consumption of wholemeal rye, compared with endosperm rye, was not associated with a significant reduction in blood glucose AUC (-5.5 mmol/L ⋅ min; 95% CI: -24.8, 13.8 mmol/L ⋅ min; P = 0.576). The consumption of intact (whole-grain) rice, compared with white rice, was associated with a significant reduction in blood glucose AUC (-40.5 mmol/L ⋅ min; 95% CI: -59.6, -21.3 mmol/L ⋅ min; P < 0.001). Conclusions Compared with white rice, whole-grain rice significantly attenuates the postprandial blood glucose response. In most of the studies on wheat and rye, the postprandial blood glucose responses to foods formulated with wholemeal compared with refined flours were compared. Whether reductions in the blood glucose AUC can be achieved with whole-grain (as opposed to wholemeal) wheat and rye requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Musa-Veloso
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Poon
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marianne O'Shea
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL
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30
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Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G, Iqbal K, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H. Food groups and intermediate disease markers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:576-586. [PMID: 30535089 PMCID: PMC6134288 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies, we investigated the association between food groups and risk of chronic disease. Objective The aim of the present network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess the effects of these food groups on intermediate-disease markers across randomized intervention trials. Design Literature searches were performed until January 2018. The following inclusion criteria were defined a priori: 1) randomized trial (≥4 wk duration) comparing ≥2 of the following food groups: refined grains, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); 2) LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) were defined as primary outcomes; total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein were defined as secondary outcomes. For each outcome, a random NMA was performed, and for the ranking, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was determined. Results A total of 66 randomized trials (86 reports) comparing 10 food groups and enrolling 3595 participants was identified. Nuts were ranked as the best food group at reducing LDL cholesterol (SUCRA: 93%), followed by legumes (85%) and whole grains (70%). For reducing TG, fish (97%) was ranked best, followed by nuts (78%) and red meat (72%). However, these findings are limited by the low quality of the evidence. When combining all 10 outcomes, the highest SUCRA values were found for nuts (66%), legumes (62%), and whole grains (62%), whereas SSBs performed worst (29%). Conclusion The present NMA provides evidence that increased intake of nuts, legumes, and whole grains is more effective at improving metabolic health than other food groups. For the credibility of diet-disease relations, high-quality randomized trials focusing on well-established intermediate-disease markers could play an important role. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) as CRD42018086753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE)
, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE)
, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE)
, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE)
, Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
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31
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Sawicki CM, Livingston KA, Ross AB, Jacques PF, Koecher K, McKeown NM. Evaluating Whole Grain Intervention Study Designs and Reporting Practices Using Evidence Mapping Methodology. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081052. [PMID: 30096913 PMCID: PMC6115963 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of whole grains have been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases in many observational studies; yet, results of intervention studies are mixed. We aimed to use evidence mapping to capture the methodological and reporting variability in whole grain intervention studies that may contribute to this inconsistency. We conducted a reproducible search in OVID Medline for whole grain human intervention studies (published 1946 to February 2018). After screening based on a priori criteria, we identified 202 publications describing a total of 213 unique trials. Over half (55%) were acute trials, lasting ≤1 day, 30% were moderate duration studies (up to 6 weeks) and 15% were of longer duration (more than 6 weeks). The majority of acute trials (75%) examined measures of glycaemia and/or insulinemia, while most of the longer trials included measures of cardiometabolic health (71%), appetite/satiety (57%) and weight/adiposity (56%). Among the moderate and long duration trials, there was a wide range of how whole grains were described but only 10 publications referenced an established definition. Only 55% of trials reported the actual amount of whole grains (in grams or servings), while 36% reported the amount of food/product and 9% did not report a dose at all. Of the interventions that provided a mixture of whole grains, less than half (46%) reported the distribution of the different grain types. Reporting of subject compliance also varied and only 22% used independent biomarkers of whole grain intake. This evidence map highlights the need to standardize both study protocols and reporting practices to support effective synthesis of study results and provide a stronger foundation to better inform nutrition scientists and public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M Sawicki
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Kara A Livingston
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Katie Koecher
- Bell Institute of Health, Nutrition and Food Safety, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA.
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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32
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Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhao J, Li T, Zhou B, Yang H, Qiao L. Enrichment of soybean dietary fiber and protein fortified rice grain by dry flour extrusion cooking: the physicochemical, pasting, taste, palatability, cooking and starch digestibility properties. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26682-26690. [PMID: 35541068 PMCID: PMC9083183 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of chronic conditions in patients due to a dietary imbalance, the demand for inexpensive, nutritious and high dietary fiber extruded rice is increasing rapidly. However, the factors of quality and bioavailability are still the major constraints to its development. In this study, soybean dietary fiber (DF) and protein fortified rice grain were prepared via dry flour extrusion processing. The results showed that the extruded rice had a similar density to that of natural rice and a significantly lower whiteness degree and transparency. Notably, the cooking texture and palatability of extruded rice were affected by the added amount of DF, resulting in rice with a taste value close to 70 in DF 6-9% (w/w) samples. The pasting properties, microstructure, and molecular interactions according to RVA, SEM and FTIR analyses, respectively, were also significantly affected by the DF content. The soluble dietary fiber was significantly increased from 0.0021 g g-1 to 0.216 g g-1 in extruded rice. Importantly, the starch digestibility in vitro showed significantly lower readily digestible starch (RDS) and higher resistant starch (RS) in DF 6-15% (w/w) extruded rice than in natural rice and DF-0 rice, respectively. The glycemic index (GI) was reduced in DF > 6%. In this study, we provide a new high dietary fiber extruded rice product with good texture and palatability, and we reveal the effect of DF on the extruded rice properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Jiafeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Tongtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Boyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA Tianjin 300457 China
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Okuda M, Fujita Y, Katsube T, Tabata H, Yoshino K, Hashimoto M, Sugimoto H. Highly water pressurized brown rice improves cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 and reduces amyloid beta in the brain. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:110. [PMID: 29587731 PMCID: PMC5869774 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the number of AD patients continues to increase worldwide. Components of the germ layer and bran of Brown rice (BR) help maintain good health and prevent AD. Because the germ layer and bran absorb little water and are very hard and difficult to cook, they are often removed during processing. To solve these problems, in this study, we tried to use a high-pressure (HP) technique. Methods We produced the highly water pressurized brown rice (HPBR) by pressurizing BR at 600 MPa, and then we fed it to an AD mouse model, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8, to investigate the therapeutic effects of HPBR on cognitive dysfunction by Y-maze spatial memory test. Results HP treatment increased the water absorbency of BR without nutrient loss. HPBR ameliorated cognitive dysfunction and reduced the levels of amyloid-β, which is a major protein responsible for AD, in the brain. Conclusions These results suggest that HPBR is effective for preventing AD.
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Wu K, Gunaratne A, Gan R, Bao J, Corke H, Jiang F. Relationships Between Cooking Properties and Physicochemical Properties in Brown and White Rice. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kao Wu
- Glyn O. Philips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Anil Gunaratne
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka; Belihuloya Sri Lanka
| | - Renyou Gan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University; Huajiachi Campus 310029 China
| | - Harold Corke
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Fatang Jiang
- Glyn O. Philips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT, Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
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35
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Abe K, Misaka T. Food functionality research as a new national project in special reference to improvement of cognitive and locomotive abilities. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:573-583. [PMID: 29316856 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1412249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, where a super-aging society is realized, we are most concerned about healthy longevity, which would ascertain the wellness of people by improving their quality of life (QOL). In 2014, the Cabinet Office proposed a strategic innovation promotion programme, launching a national project for the development of the agricultural-forestry-fisheries food products with new functionalities for the next generation. In addition to focusing on a conventional prevention of lifestyle-associated metabolic syndromes, the project targets the scientific evidence of the activation of brain cognitive ability and the improvement of bodily locomotive function. The project also involves the analysis of the foods-sports interrelation of chronic importance, and the development of devices for the verification of QOL-associated maintenance of homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of these studies, with special reference to cognition as a case of the gut-brain axis which the author is particularly interested in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Abe
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,b Group for Food Functionality Assessment , Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC) , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Kozuka C, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Nakano K, Morinaga H, Kinjo A, Fukuda K, Kamei A, Yasuoka A, Kondo T, Abe K, Egashira K, Masuzaki H. Marked augmentation of PLGA nanoparticle-induced metabolically beneficial impact of γ-oryzanol on fuel dyshomeostasis in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:558-568. [PMID: 28181829 PMCID: PMC8241037 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1279237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous works demonstrated that brown rice-specific bioactive substance, γ-oryzanol acts as a chaperone, attenuates exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in brain hypothalamus and pancreatic islets, thereby ameliorating metabolic derangement in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese diabetic mice. However, extremely low absorption efficiency from intestine of γ-oryzanol is a tough obstacle for the clinical application. Therefore, in this study, to overcome extremely low bioavailability of γ-oryzanol with super-high lipophilicity, we encapsulated γ-oryzanol in polymer poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Nano-Orz), and evaluated its metabolically beneficial impact in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice, the best-known severest diabetic model in mice. To our surprise, Nano-Orz markedly ameliorated fuel metabolism with an unexpected magnitude (∼1000-fold lower dose) compared with regular γ-oryzanol. Furthermore, such a conspicuous impact was achievable by its administration once every 2 weeks. Besides the excellent impact on dysfunction of hypothalamus and pancreatic islets, Nano-Orz markedly decreased ER stress and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue. Collectively, nanotechnology-based developments of functional foods oriented toward γ-oryzanol shed light on the novel approach for the treatment of a variety of metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine and
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Asuka Kamei
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Keiko Abe
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- SENTAN Pharma Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine and
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Krittanawong C, Tunhasiriwet A, Zhang H, Prokop LJ, Chirapongsathorn S, Sun T, Wang Z. Is white rice consumption a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. HEART ASIA 2017; 9:e010909. [PMID: 29467837 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2017-010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between white rice consumption and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception through March 2016. Original studies that reported associations between white rice consumption and cardiovascular outcomes regardless of study design were selected. We extracted study characteristics and outcome data. Conflicts were resolved through consensus. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects models, we calculated pooled relative risks with 95% CI. Results Our search identified 721 citations. 18 studies were included with a total of 1 777 059 individuals: 14 348 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); 5612 had metabolic syndrome (MetS); 10 839 had coronary heart disease (CHD); and 11 698 had stroke. Compared with the lowest category, the highest category of white rice consumption was only associated with 30% higher risk of MetS (pooled OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.65; p<0.001; I²=65.5%). Conclusions Higher white rice consumption has not been shown to be associated with increased risk of CHD, stroke and T2DM. However, white rice consumption may be associated with increased risk of MetS in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St' Luke and Mount Sinai West, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anusith Tunhasiriwet
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - HongJu Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Royal Thai Army, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Kondo K, Morino K, Nishio Y, Ishikado A, Arima H, Nakao K, Nakagawa F, Nikami F, Sekine O, Nemoto KI, Suwa M, Matsumoto M, Miura K, Makino T, Ugi S, Maegawa H. Fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179869. [PMID: 28662074 PMCID: PMC5491061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims A fiber-rich diet has a cardioprotective effect, but the mechanism for this remains unclear. We hypothesized that a fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a single general hospital in Japan were randomly assigned to a brown rice (n = 14) or white rice (n = 14) diet and were followed for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in endothelial function determined from flow debt repayment by reactive hyperemia using strain-gauge plethysmography in the fasting state. Secondary outcomes were changes in HbA1c, postprandial glucose excursions, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The area under the curve for glucose after ingesting 250 kcal of assigned rice was compared between baseline (T0) and at the end of the intervention (T1) to estimate glucose excursions in each group. Results Improvement in endothelial function, assessed by fasting flow debt repayment (20.4% vs. −5.8%, p = 0.004), was significantly greater in the brown rice diet group than the white rice diet group, although the between-group difference in change of fiber intake was small (5.6 g/day vs. −1.2 g/day, p<0.0001). Changes in total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol, and urine 8-isoprostane levels did not differ between the two groups. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level tended to improve in the brown rice diet group compared with the white rice diet group (0.01 μg/L vs. −0.04 μg/L, p = 0.063). The area under the curve for glucose was subtly but consistently lower in the brown rice diet group (T0: 21.4 mmol/L*h vs. 24.0 mmol/L*h, p = 0.043, T1: 20.4 mmol/L*h vs. 23.3 mmol/L*h, p = 0.046) without changes in HbA1c. Conclusions Intervention with a fiber-rich diet with brown rice effectively improved endothelial function, without changes in HbA1c levels, possibly through reducing glucose excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakao
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Osaka Laboratory, CMIC Pharma Science Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Nikami
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nemoto
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Makoto Suwa
- R&D Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Nhung BT, Tuyen LD, Linh VA, Anh NDV, Nga TT, Thuc VTM, Yui K, Ito Y, Nakashima Y, Yamamoto S. Rice Bran Extract Reduces the Risk of Atherosclerosis in Post-Menopausal Vietnamese Women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:295-302. [PMID: 27928115 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether pre-germinated brown rice bran extract containing acylated steryl glucosides (PSG) reduces the risk of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women. A total of 60 post-menopausal Vietnamese women (45-65 y old) with high LDL cholesterol levels (over 140 mg/dL) were randomly divided into PSG (n=30) and placebo (n=30) groups. The subjects in the PSG group were assigned a daily intake of 6 capsules containing 50 mg PSG, and the subjects in the placebo group were assigned a daily intake of 6 capsules containing corn oil for 6 mo. Before baseline and after month 2, month 4, and month 6 of the intervention, we conducted anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical examinations, a nutrition survey, and physical activity, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurements. Serum LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced from 163.6±25.3 (mg/dL) to 135.9±26.8 (mg/dL) compared to the placebo group (p<0.001). FMD values of the placebo group were significantly reduced from 6.6±5.1 (%) to 4.7±2.6 (%) compared to the PSG group (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations in the PSG group were significantly reduced from 19.8±11 (pg/mL) to 10.6±5.5 (pg/mL) compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). The findings suggest that PSG may improve LDL cholesterol, TNF-α levels, and FMD values. PSG might be considered in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis in post-menopausal Vietnamese women with high LDL cholesterol.
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Araki R, Ushio R, Fujie K, Ueyama Y, Suzuki H, Nakata Y, Hashimoto K. Effect of partially-abraded brown rice consumption on body weight and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism in pre-diabetic adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Eating glutinous brown rice twice a day for 8 weeks improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e273. [PMID: 28481338 PMCID: PMC5518808 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently reported that eating glutinous brown rice (GBR) for 1 day improved the whole-day glucose profile and postprandial plasma glucose level compared with eating white rice (WR) or standard brown rice. However, it was unknown whether eating GBR could maintain improvement of glycemic control for a longer period. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of GBR intake for 8 weeks on glycemic control in outpatients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was an open-label randomized crossover study in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Among the 18 subjects registered in this study, 2 were excluded from analysis. After a 1-week observation period while eating WR twice a day, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups. One group ate GBR as a staple food twice a day for 8 weeks and then switched to WR for the next 8 weeks, while the other group ate WR first and then switched to GBR. A mixed meal tolerance test was performed at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of dietary intervention to evaluate plasma glucose and serum C-peptide. RESULTS None of the subjects failed to complete the study because of disliking the taste of GBR. Hemoglobin A1c (7.5-7.2%, P=0.014) and glycoalbumin (20.4-19.4%, P=0.029) both decreased significantly when the patients were eating GBR. Additionally, the 30-min postprandial plasma glucose level (194-172 mg dl-1, P=0.031) and the incremental area under the concentration vs time curve of serum C-peptide (31.3-22.1 ng min ml-1, P=0.023) during the mixed meal tolerance test were also decreased significantly by intake of GBR. In contrast, there were no changes of glycemic control during the WR period. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that GBR was well tolerated for 8 weeks and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Ishimaru Y, Kozuka C, Nakajima K, Sasaki T. Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:83-95. [PMID: 27730500 PMCID: PMC5138253 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled "Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators" was organized. The latest research on weight control was presented by young up-and-coming investigators. The symposium consisted of the following presentations: Gastrointestinal brush cells, immunity, and energy homeostasis; Impact of a brown rice-derived bioactive product on feeding regulation and fuel metabolism; A novel G protein-coupled receptor-regulated neuronal signaling pathway triggers sustained orexigenic effects; and NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine regulates food preference. These four talks presented at the symposium were summarized as a series of short reviews in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling. Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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Bojanowska E, Ciosek J. Can We Selectively Reduce Appetite for Energy-Dense Foods? An Overview of Pharmacological Strategies for Modification of Food Preference Behavior. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:118-42. [PMID: 26549651 PMCID: PMC4825944 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151109103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of food, especially palatable and energy-dense carbohydrates and fats, is
largely responsible for the growing incidence of obesity worldwide. Although there are a number of
candidate antiobesity drugs, only a few of them have been proven able to inhibit appetite for palatable
foods without the concurrent reduction in regular food consumption. In this review, we discuss the
interrelationships between homeostatic and hedonic food intake control mechanisms in promoting
overeating with palatable foods and assess the potential usefulness of systemically administered pharmaceuticals that
impinge on the endogenous cannabinoid, opioid, aminergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic systems in the modification of
food preference behavior. Also, certain dietary supplements with the potency to reduce specifically palatable food intake
are presented. Based on human and animal studies, we indicate the most promising therapies and agents that influence the
effectiveness of appetite-modifying drugs. It should be stressed, however, that most of the data included in our review
come from preclinical studies; therefore, further investigations aimed at confirming the effectiveness and safety of the
aforementioned medications in the treatment of obese humans are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bojanowska
- Department of Behavioral Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, 60 Narutowicza Street, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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Minatel IO, Francisqueti FV, Corrêa CR, Lima GPP. Antioxidant Activity of γ-Oryzanol: A Complex Network of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1107. [PMID: 27517904 PMCID: PMC5000585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-oryzanol (Orz), a steryl ferulate extracted from rice bran layer, exerts a wide spectrum of biological activities. In addition to its antioxidant activity, Orz is often associated with cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. In recent years, the usefulness of Orz has been studied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, as it acts to ameliorate insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and associated chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown the direct action of Orz when downregulating the expression of genes that encode proteins related to adiposity (CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs)), inflammatory responses (nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)), and metabolic syndrome (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)). It is likely that this wide range of beneficial activities results from a complex network of interactions and signals triggered, and/or inhibited by its antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the significance of Orz in metabolic disorders, which feature remarkable oxidative imbalance, such as impaired glucose metabolism, obesity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Otavio Minatel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
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Xu X, Byles J, Shi Z, McElduff P, Hall J. Dietary pattern transitions, and the associations with BMI, waist circumference, weight and hypertension in a 7-year follow-up among the older Chinese population: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:743. [PMID: 27502827 PMCID: PMC4977626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies explored the effects of nutritional changes on body mass index (BMI), weight (Wt), waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, especially for the older Chinese population. METHODS By using China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004-2011 waves, a total of 6348 observations aged ≥ 60 were involved in the study. The number of participants dropped from 2197 in 2004, to 1763 in 2006, 1303 in 2009, and 1085 in 2011. Dietary information was obtained from participants using 24 hour-recall over three consecutive days. Height, Wt, WC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also measured in each survey year. The dietary pattern was derived by exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis methods. Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate associations of dietary patterns with BMI, Wt and WC. Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to assess the associations between dietary patterns and hypertension. RESULTS Over time, older people's diets were shifting towards a modern dietary pattern (high intake of dairy, fruit, cakes and fast food). Traditional and modern dietary patterns had distinct associations with BMI, Wt and WC. Participants with a diet in the highest quartile for traditional composition had a β (difference in mean) of -0.23 (95 % CI: -0.44; -0.02) for BMI decrease, β of -0.90 (95 % CI: -1.42; -0.37) for Wt decrease; and β of -1.57 (95 % CI: -2.32; -0.83) for WC decrease. However, participants with a diet in the highest quartile for modern diet had a β of 0.29 (95 % CI: 0.12; 0.47) for BMI increase; β of 1.02 (95 % CI: 0.58; 1.46) for Wt increase; and β of 1.44 (95 % CI: 0.78; 2.10) for Wt increase. No significant associations were found between dietary patterns and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS We elucidate the associations between dietary pattern and change in BMI, Wt, WC and hypertension in a 7-year follow-up study. The strong association between favourable body composition and traditional diet, compared with an increase in BMI, WC and Wt with modern diet suggests that there is an urgent need to develop age-specific dietary guideline for older Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Patrick McElduff
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - John Hall
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Butardo VM, Sreenivasulu N. Tailoring Grain Storage Reserves for a Healthier Rice Diet and its Comparative Status with Other Cereals. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:31-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, Higa M, Ohshiro Y, Tanaka H, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Matsushita M, Tsutsui M, Ishiuchi S, Nakata M, Yada T, Miyazaki JI, Oyadomari S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. A novel insulinotropic mechanism of whole grain-derived γ-oryzanol via the suppression of local dopamine D 2 receptor signalling in mouse islet. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4519-4534. [PMID: 26140534 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE γ-Oryzanol, derived from unrefined rice, attenuated the preference for dietary fat in mice, by decreasing hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, no peripheral mechanisms, whereby γ-oryzanol could ameliorate glucose dyshomeostasis were explored. Dopamine D2 receptor signalling locally attenuates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, presumably via decreased levels of intracellular cAMP. We therefore hypothesized that γ-oryzanol would improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dysfunction of islets through the suppression of local D2 receptor signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Glucose metabolism and regulation of molecules involved in D2 receptor signalling in pancreatic islets were investigated in male C57BL/6J mice, fed HFD and treated with γ-oryzanol . In isolated murine islets and the beta cell line, MIN6 , the effects of γ-oryzanol on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was analysed using siRNA for D2 receptors and a variety of compounds which alter D2 receptor signalling. KEY RESULTS In islets, γ-oryzanol enhanced GSIS via the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway. Expression of molecules involved in D2 receptor signalling was increased in islets from HFD-fed mice, which were reciprocally decreased by γ-oryzanol. Experiments with siRNA for D2 receptors and D2 receptor ligands in vitro suggest that γ-oryzanol suppressed D2 receptor signalling and augmented GSIS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS γ-Oryzanol exhibited unique anti-diabetic properties. The unexpected effects of γ-oryzanol on D2 receptor signalling in islets may provide a novel; natural food-based, approach to anti-diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sumito Sunagawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Rei Ueda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Moritake Higa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,The Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ohshiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Okinawa Daiichi Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Tanaka Clinic, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Ishiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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γ-Oryzanol Enhances Adipocyte Differentiation and Glucose Uptake. Nutrients 2015; 7:4851-61. [PMID: 26083118 PMCID: PMC4488819 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that brown rice improves glucose intolerance and potentially the risk of diabetes, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. One of the phytochemicals found in high concentration in brown rice is γ-oryzanol (Orz), a group of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpene alcohols. Here, we found that Orz stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and increased the protein expression of adipogenic marker genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhanced binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Moreover, Orz significantly increased the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells and translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the cell surface. To investigate the mechanism by which Orz stimulated cell differentiation, we examined its effects on cellular signaling of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central mediator of cellular growth and proliferation. The Orz treatment increased mTORC1 kinase activity based on phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). The effect of Orz on adipocyte differentiation was dependent on mTORC1 activity because rapamycin blocks cell differentiation in Orz-treated cells. Collectively, our results indicate that Orz stimulates adipocyte differentiation, enhances glucose uptake, and may be associated with cellular signaling mediated by PPAR-γ and mTORC1.
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Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, Higa M, Tanaka H, Shimizu-Okabe C, Ishiuchi S, Takayama C, Matsushita M, Tsutsui M, Miyazaki JI, Oyadomari S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. γ-Oryzanol protects pancreatic β-cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1242-50. [PMID: 25594697 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is profoundly involved in dysfunction of β-cells under high-fat diet and hyperglycemia. Our recent study in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, a unique component of brown rice, acts as a chemical chaperone in the hypothalamus and improves feeding behavior and diet-induced dysmetabolism. However, the entire mechanism whereby γ-oryzanol improves glucose metabolism throughout the body still remains unclear. In this context, we tested whether γ-oryzanol reduces ER stress and improves function and survival of pancreatic β-cells using murine β-cell line MIN6. In MIN6 cells with augmented ER stress by tunicamycin, γ-oryzanol decreased exaggerated expression of ER stress-related genes and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α, resulting in restoration of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevention of apoptosis. In islets from high-fat diet-fed diabetic mice, oral administration of γ-oryzanol improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion on following reduction of exaggerated ER stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, we examined the impact of γ-oryzanol on low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, where exaggerated ER stress and resultant apoptosis in β-cells were observed. Also in this model, γ-oryzanol attenuated mRNA level of genes involved in ER stress and apoptotic signaling in islets, leading to amelioration of glucose dysmetabolism. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that γ-oryzanol directly ameliorates ER stress-induced β-cell dysfunction and subsequent apoptosis, highlighting usefulness of γ-oryzanol for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine) (C.K., S.S., R.U., M.H., H.T., M.S., H.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; The Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center (M.H.), Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa 901-0243, Japan; Tanaka Clinic (H.T.), Okinawa 901-0244, Japan; Department of Molecular Anatomy (C.S.-O., C.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (S.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology (M.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research (J.-i.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Genome Research (S.O.), University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; and Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine (M.S.), University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Park Y, Park EM, Kim EH, Chung IM. Hypocholesterolemic metabolism of dietary red pericarp glutinous rice rich in phenolic compounds in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:632-7. [PMID: 25489402 PMCID: PMC4252522 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of red pericarp glutinous rice rich in polyphenols (Jakwangchalbyeo, red rice) on serum and hepatic levels of cholesterol and hepatic protein expression linked to synthesis and degradation of cholesterol in a hypercholesterolemic mice diet as compared with brown rice. MATERIALS/METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5 each), which were fed different diets for a period of 12 weeks: American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet, AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol, brown rice with 2% cholesterol, or red rice with 2% cholesterol. RESULT Consumption of red rice resulted in a significant decrease in serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic levels of triglyceride and total-cholesterol. Expression of acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was decreased, while expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK ratio, cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase (CYP7a1), and sterol 12-α-hydroxylase (CYP8b1) was increased in mice fed red rice. Brown rice had similar effects on cholesterol metabolism, but the effect of red rice was significantly greater than that of brown rice. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggested that red rice had a hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering hepatic cholesterol synthesis through ACAT-2, HMG-CoA reductase, and SREBP-2, and by enhancing hepatic cholesterol degradation through CYP7a1 and CYP8b1 in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro 222, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro 222, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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