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Hahn RG, Van Regenmortel N. Is the NICE Guideline for maintenance fluid therapy in adults in hospital appropriate? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:113-120. [PMID: 38943651 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) Guideline for Maintenance Fluid Therapy in Adults in Hospital is widely used, but the recommendations have not been evaluated properly. In this study, we investigated whether the recommendation of providing 25-30 mL/kg/day of fluid and 1 mmol/kg each of sodium and potassium is sufficient for human needs. METHODS First, we calculated the distribution of fluid between the extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICV) during a cross-over infusion experiment where 12 volunteers received 25 mL/kg/day of either a high-sodium (154 mmol/L) or low-sodium (54 mmol/L) solution over 48 h. Second, urine samples from 719 volunteers and clinical patients were used to quantify their renal water conservation and excretion of sodium and potassium. Third, retrospective analysis of a diet study was used to extrapolate how large the fluid intake and the electrolyte excretion likely had been in the 719 volunteers and hospital patients who delivered urine. RESULTS The high-sodium fluid maintained the ECV but the ICV had decreased by 1.3 L after 48 h. The low-sodium fluid resulted in a volume deficit of 1.7 L that equally affected the ECV and the ICV. Regression equations based on the diet study suggested that the daily intake of water in the 719 subjects averaged 2.6 L and that 2 mmol/kg of sodium and 1 mmol/kg of potassium was excreted. CONCLUSION The NICE guideline recommends too little water and sodium for a human to adequately maintain the ECV and ICV. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONS EudraCT 2016-001846-24 and ISRCTN 12215472.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Hahn
- Karolinska Institutet at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niels Van Regenmortel
- Intensive Care Physician, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Campus Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rosinger AY, John JD, Murdock K. Ad libitum dehydration is associated with poorer performance on a sustained attention task but not other measures of cognitive performance among middle-to-older aged community-dwelling adults: A short-term longitudinal study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24051. [PMID: 38356336 PMCID: PMC11144104 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydration status and water intake are critical to physiological health. Despite a popular narrative that dehydration impairs cognitive performance, results are mixed in the literature. Therefore, we tested how hydration status was associated with cognitive performance in an ad libitum state over the course of 3 months. METHODS Data come from a short-term longitudinal study among middle-to-older aged US adults (n = 78) measured three times (207 observations). All participants were scheduled for 8:00 a.m. visits for the baseline, two-week, and 3-month examinations where they completed surveys, neuropsychological tests to measure cognitive performance, anthropometrics, and a blood draw for biomarker analysis. Serum osmolality (Sosm) was measured as a biomarker of hydration status using osmometry. Four cognitive performance tasks were assessed, including inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and sustained attention. RESULTS Panel random effects linear regressions demonstrate that there was an inverse association between dehydration and sustained attention, whereas there were no significant relationships between dehydration and inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Adults who were dehydrated (defined as Sosm >300 mOsm/kg) performed substantially worse (B = 0.65 z-score; SE = 0.28; p = .020) on the sustained attention task than those who were not dehydrated adjusting for time fixed effects, age, body mass index, sex, and educational attainment. CONCLUSION This short-term longitudinal study found that dehydration was only associated with poorer performance on a cognitive performance task that required sustained attention. Maintaining adequate hydration may be increasingly important for middle-to-older aged adults to ensure proper cognitive function, particularly as water needs increase in future climatic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y. Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jason D. John
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Murdock
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Lin Y, Zhang N, Zhang J, Lu J, Liu S, Ma G. The association between hydration state and the metabolism of phospholipids and amino acids among young adults: a metabolomic analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102087. [PMID: 38425438 PMCID: PMC10904166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Water is vital for humans' survival and general health, which is involved in various metabolic activities. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in urine metabolome and associated metabolic pathways among people with different hydration states. Methods A metabolomic analysis was conducted using 24-h urine samples collected during a cross-sectional study on fluid intake behavior from December 9 to 11, 2021, in Hebei, China. Subjects were divided into the optimal hydration (OH, ≤500 mOsm/kg, n = 21), middle hydration (500-800 mOsm/kg, n = 33), and hypohydration groups (HH, >800 mOsm/kg, n = 13) based on the 3-d average 24-h urine osmolality. Collected 24-h urine samples from 67 subjects (43 males and 34 females) were analyzed for urine metabolome using liquid chromatography-MS. Results The untargeted metabolomic analysis yielded 1055 metabolites by peak intensities. Integrating the results of the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis and fold change test, 115 differential metabolites between the OH and HH groups, including phospholipids (PLs) and lysophospholipids, were identified. Among the 115 metabolites identified as differential metabolites, 85 were recorded by the Human Metabolome Database and uploaded to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases for pathway analysis. Twenty-one metabolic pathways were recognized. Phenylalanine metabolism (0.50, P = 0.007), phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (0.50, P = 0.051), glycerophospholipid metabolism (0.31, P < 0.001), sphingolipid metabolism (0.27, P = 0.029), and cysteine and methionine metabolism (0.10, P = 0.066) had the leading pathway impacts. Conclusions We found variations in the urinary PLs and amino acids among subjects with different hydration states. Pathways associated with these differential metabolites could further impact various physiologic and pathologic functions. A more comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the physiologic and pathologic impact of the hydration state and the underlying mechanisms to elucidate and advocate optimal fluid intake habits is needed.This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2100045268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei University Health Science Center, Baoding, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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Goods PSR, Wall B, Galna B, McKay AKA, Jennings D, Peeling P, Watson G. Sweat Characteristics and Fluid Balance Responses During Two Heat Training Camps in Elite Female Field Hockey Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2024; 34:79-87. [PMID: 38215732 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We examined the sweat characteristics and fluid balance of elite female field hockey players during two heat training camps. Fourteen elite female field hockey players from the Australian national squad participated in two heat training camps held ∼6 months apart, following winter- (Camp 1) and summer-based training (Camp 2). Daily waking body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG) were collected, along with several markers of sweat and fluid balance across two matches per camp. There was a 19% mean reduction in estimated whole-body sweat sodium concentration from Camp 1 (45.8 ± 6.5 mmol/L) to Camp 2 (37.0 ± 5.0 mmol/L; p < .001). Waking urine specific gravity ≥ 1.020 was observed in 31% of samples, with no significant differences in mean urine specific gravity or BM between camps (p > .05), but with substantial interindividual variation. Intramatch sweat rates were high (1.2-1.8 L/hr), with greater BM losses in Camp 1 (p = .030), resulting in fewer players losing ≥2% BM in Camp 2 (0%-8%), as compared with Camp 1 (36%-43%; p = .017). Our field data suggest that elite female field hockey players experience substantial sweat losses during competition in the heat regardless of the season. In agreement with previous findings, we observed substantial interindividual variation in sweat and hydration indices, supporting the use of individualized athlete hydration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S R Goods
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Bradley Wall
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brook Galna
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Jennings
- High Performance Program, Hockey Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Greig Watson
- School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Center for Healthy Aging, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Seger M, Ryan CD, Januszewski AS, Kilov G, MacIsaac RJ, Ludvigsson J, O'Neal DN, Jenkins AJ. Is it time to screen health literacy in diabetes clinical practice? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111117. [PMID: 38280468 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Moa Seger
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Crown Princess Victoria Childreńs Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris D Ryan
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrzej S Januszewski
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Kilov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of General Practice, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Launceston Diabetes Clinic, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Childreńs Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Dept of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David N O'Neal
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Hahn RG. Detection of low urine output by measuring urinary biomarkers. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38217039 PMCID: PMC10785494 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine output < 1 L per 24 h is a clinical warning sign that requires attention from hospital staff, who should determine whether the low flow is due to low habitual intake of water or disease-induced dehydration. The incidence of this condition is unclear. METHODS A cohort of 20 healthy volunteers (mean age 42 years, range 23-62 years) recorded their food and water intakes daily for 8 days. They also collected and measured all urine and delivered first morning urine samples for analysis of osmolality and creatinine. Optimal cutoffs for these biomarkers to indicate urine output of < 1 L or 15 mL/kg during the preceding 24 h were applied with and without correction for age to cross-sectional data from 1,316 subjects in various clinical settings, including healthy volunteers, preoperative patients, patients seeking acute care at a hospital, and patients receiving institutional geriatric care. RESULTS The urine output amounted to < 1 L during 22 of the 159 evaluable study days and was indicated by urine osmolality > 760 mosmol/kg or urine creatinine > 13 mmol/L, which had sensitivity and specificity of approximately 80%. Days with urine output < 1 L were associated with significantly less intake of both water (-41%) and calories (-22%) compared to other days. Application of age-corrected biomarker cutoffs to the 1,316 subjects showed a stronger dependency of low urine output on age than the clinical setting, occurring in 44% of the 72 participants aged 15-30 years and 18% of the 62 patients aged 90-104 years. CONCLUSION Biomarkers measured in morning urine of young and middle-aged volunteers indicated urine output of < 1 L with good precision, but the cutoffs should be validated in older age groups to yield reliable results. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ISRCTN12215472 at http://www.isrctn.com ; NCT01458678 at ClinicalTrials.gov, and ChiCTR-TNRC-14,004,479 at the chictr.org/en.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Hahn
- Karolinska Institutet at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), Stockholm, 182 88, Sweden.
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Thompson C, Ferrie L, Pearson SJ, Highlands B, Matthews MJ. Do extreme temperatures affect cognition? A short review of the impact of acute heat stress on cognitive performance of firefighters. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1270898. [PMID: 38274689 PMCID: PMC10808688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Research shows that exposure to high environmental temperatures can affect task performance. Theoretical explanations outline that heat is a source of stress that competes for limited-capacity resources, therefore if a task is resource-intensive, and/or if heat stress is extreme, performance will suffer. One occupation in which individuals complete demanding tasks and make difficult decisions, often in temperatures exceeding 200°C, is firefighting. Yet very little is currently known about the impact of heat stress on the cognitive functioning of firefighters. This short review summarizes the limited research in this area, focusing on studies that measured cognition of firefighters following a realistic training exercise. The findings are mixed with evidence that heat stress improves, impairs, and has no impact on cognitive functioning. While there are differences in the firefighting activities utilized, and the temperatures that participants were exposed to, it is argued that the varied findings can be attributed to the tasks used to assess cognitive processing, and the cognitive functions being measured. In accordance with the wider field of research, it is concluded that complex functioning, such as sustained attention, vigilance, and working memory is negatively impacted by acute exposure to extreme heat. Greater understanding of factors affecting cognition would inform safety practices and more research is needed to understand how and when heat stress may influence cognition in firefighting scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ferrie
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Pearson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Highlands
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn J. Matthews
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lu J, Wang X, Zhang N, Ma G. Analysis on fluid intake and urination behaviors among the elderly in five cities in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1280098. [PMID: 38249613 PMCID: PMC10797079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1280098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fluid intake in the elderly may influence urination behaviors and further influence their health status. This study investigated the behaviors of fluid intake, urination and their relationships among the elderly in China. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to recruit the elderly participants who met the inclusion criteria from five cities in China. Participants' total fluid intake (TFI) level was investigated using a validated 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. Their urination behaviors in real time were also recorded using a validated 7-day 24 h urination behavior record. Results A total of 524 participants completed the study, including 233 males and 291 females. The average age was 69.7 years. The median daily TFI was 1,241 mL, with a frequency of 8.1 times per day. Approximately 73.3% of the participants did not reach the amount of adequate fluid intake (1.7 L for males and 1.5 L for females) recommended in China. Fluid intake in the morning, afternoon, and evening among participants was 594 mL, 305 mL and 342 mL, with a frequency of 3.0 times, 1.7 times, and 2.0 times, respectively. The median urination frequency was 7.4 times per day. The percentage of participants who urinated >7 times during the day was 44.3%. The percentage of participants who urinated ≥1 time at night was 77.5%. Age and BMI were not the main influence factors for fluid intake and urination behaviors. The preliminary analysis showed that higher TFI, plain water intake, dairy products intake, and fluid intake frequency were significantly associated with higher urination frequency (t = 6.553, p < 0.05; t = 5.291, p < 0.05; t = 4.667, p < 0.05; t = 13.413, p < 0.05). Higher fluid intake per time was significantly associated with lower urination frequency (t = -3.562, p < 0.05). Correlations between TFI, fluid intake frequency, fluid intake in night, fluid intake frequency in night and urination at night were also found (r = 0.114, p < 0.05; r = 0.091, p < 0.05; r = 0.146, p < 0.05; r = 0.331, p < 0.05). Conclusion Fluid intake was inadequate in terms of the elderly participants. Participants with higher fluid intake and frequency in night had a greater incidence of nocturia. Thus, correcting fluid intake behaviors can improve urination behavior and promote health. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojEN.html, identifier CTR1900023355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- YIDO AI Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Gibson-Moore H, Spiro A, Stanner S. No food for thought-How important is breakfast to the health, educational attainment and wellbeing of school-aged children and young people? NUTR BULL 2023; 48:458-481. [PMID: 37986635 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been reports from teachers of pupils in the United Kingdom arriving at school hungry. Poor nutritional intake during childhood can increase the risk of developing both short- and long-term health problems. Breakfast consumption has been associated with several outcomes including better diet quality and healthier weight status. Nevertheless, skipping breakfast is a frequent behaviour in young people, particularly adolescents, and those from lower socio-economic groups, who are less likely to meet dietary recommendations and nutritional targets. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the contribution of breakfast consumption at home or at school and the impact of breakfast skipping on nutrient intakes in school-aged children (aged 4-18 years), and their effect on weight and cardiometabolic health. We will also summarise evidence for a link with cognitive function and educational attainment. A broadly positive effect of breakfast intake on diet quality, weight status and school-related outcomes was found in the literature, although inconsistencies in findings and methodological limitations within the evidence base are notable. Further research is warranted to better understand impact of breakfast intake and school breakfast provision on longer-term learning, educational attainment and health outcomes. This also needs to consider the cost benefit, type of breakfast and any unintended consequences such as encouraging multiple breakfasts. Breakfast consumption could improve the nutritional intakes of the most vulnerable young people and may help to address inequalities in educational outcomes at least in the short term.
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Ando S, Ogoh N, Saito S, Watanabe H, Ohsuga M, Hasegawa T, Ogoh S. Cognitive Function among Young Women's Football Players in the Summer Heat. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5516439. [PMID: 38654921 PMCID: PMC11022757 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5516439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing focus on studies related to women's football. However, the cognitive function of female football players has not been extensively characterized. Thus, we explored how the cognitive function of female football players was altered during a series of matches in summer and examined day-to-day variations in cognitive function with regard to dehydration status. Resting cognitive function was assessed from 17 young women football players during the Japan Club Youth Women's football tournament, which spanned eight consecutive days. Cognitive function initially improved, with this improvement sustained throughout the tournament. It is worth noting that ten participants experienced symptoms of dehydration at least once during the tournament; however, these symptoms were not found to be linked to impaired cognitive function, suggesting that resting cognitive function remains unaffected during summer matches, even in the presence of dehydration symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Nana Ogoh
- Chifure AS Elfen Saitama, Saitama, Japan
- Kagawa Nutritional University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Hironori Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
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Bahati Y, Nyanza EC, Asori M, Mutayoba R, Thomas DSK. Influence of intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation on cognitive abilities among adolescent girls in northwestern Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002079. [PMID: 37851636 PMCID: PMC10584093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation to reduce anemia is key for improving substantial lost disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for adolescent girls. This study assessed the impact of weekly IFA supplementation (WIFAS) on cognitive ability among adolescent girls in the Simiyu Region in northernwestern Tanzania. This cross-sectional comparative evaluation study of 770 adolescent girls (396 -WIFAS supplemented; 374 -not supplemented) evaluated the association between WIFAS and cognitive ability through a face-to-face survey and cognitive ability assessment using standardized tests (Span-forward Test, Span-backward Test and Maze Test). Using a modified Poisson regression, we controlled for the geographic setting (urban vs rural), availability of potable water and feeding programs in schools, age and school level of adolescent girls, parental status, main parental economic activities, and the number of teachers. Participants were between the ages of 11 and 19 years, with more than half (57%) between 12-15 years of age. Those with WIFAS had higher cognitive ability (Span-forward scores, χ2 = 46.34% p <0.001; Span-forward, χ2 = 46.34% p <0.001; and Global Composite Cognitive Performance (GCCP), χ2 = 32.52% p<0.001). Among the IFA supplemented adolescent girls, secondary school level had a significantly higher score with respect to Span-backward (aPR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.06-1.62); Span-forward ability (aPR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.53) and Maze Test ability (aPR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25) as compared to their counterpart in primary school level. Individual adolescent girls with WIFAS and living with both parents performed much better on the Span-backward Test (aPR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07-1.68) as compared to those living with relatives and/or orphans. The presence of potable water program among the WIFAS schools resulted in a higher Span-backward ability (aPR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03-1.89); and GCCP (aPR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03-1.75). Adolescent girls from WIFAS schools with feeding program had higher Span-forward (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03-1.63) ability as well as a higher Maze Test (aPR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07-1.26) score. The present study provides compelling evidence that WIFAS is positively associated with higher cognitive ability among adolescent girls. Nevertheless, IFA interventions are still rare in communities across Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasinta Bahati
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Department of Environmental, Occupational Health, and GIS, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Amref Health Africa and Nutrition International, Regional Health Management Team-Simiyu Region, Simiyu Region, Tanzania
| | - Elias C. Nyanza
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Department of Environmental, Occupational Health, and GIS, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Moses Asori
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rita Mutayoba
- Amref Health Africa and Nutrition International, Regional Health Management Team-Simiyu Region, Simiyu Region, Tanzania
| | - Deborah S. K. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
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12
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Hoen L, Pfeffer D, Schmidt JR, Kraft J, Hildebrand J, Kalkhof S. Hydration Status of Geriatric Patients Is Associated with Changes in Plasma Proteome, Especially in Proteins Involved in Coagulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3789. [PMID: 37686821 PMCID: PMC10490147 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to multifactorial reasons, such as decreased thirst and decreased total body water, elderly patients are vulnerable to dehydration. The study aims to investigate whether moderate dehydration or hyperhydration affects the blood proteome. Blood samples, medication, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) details were collected from 131 geriatric patients (77 women and 54 men aged 81.1 ± 7.2 years). Based on an evaluation by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analyses (BIVAs) of this cohort, for each hydration status (dehydrated, hyperhydrated, and control), five appropriate blood plasma samples for both males and females were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Overall, 262 proteins for female patients and 293 proteins for male patients could be quantified. A total of 38 proteins had significantly different abundance, showing that hydration status does indeed affect the plasma proteome. Protein enrichment analysis of the affected proteins revealed "Wound Healing" and "Keratinization" as the two main biological processes being dysregulated. Proteins involved in clot formation are especially affected by hydration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hoen
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Str. 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pfeffer
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Str. 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Division of Geriatrics, Klinikum Coburg GmbH, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Johannes R. Schmidt
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology—IZI, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Kraft
- Division of Geriatrics, Klinikum Coburg GmbH, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hildebrand
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Str. 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Friedrich-Streib-Str. 2, 96450 Coburg, Germany
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology—IZI, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Abdoli M, Scotto Rosato M, Cipriano A, Napolano R, Cotrufo P, Barberis N, Cella S. Affect, Body, and Eating Habits in Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3343. [PMID: 37571280 PMCID: PMC10420931 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review investigates the complex associations between children's affective states, body perceptions, and eating habits, thus providing crucial insights for potential health interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, three databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies exploring the relationship between eating habits, emotional states, and body image perceptions in a population of children (5 to 11 years old). A total of seven articles were included. Our findings revealed a pattern of associations between negative emotional states, like anxiety and depressive feelings, and maladaptive eating behaviors. Additionally, explicit influences from parental feeding practices, peer pressure, socioeconomic factors, and children's body perceptions were observed to shape eating habits, with a pronounced tendency among older girls towards dieting and food preoccupation. Our results underline the intertwining nature of age, gender, and emotional states. Furthermore, our findings accentuate the urgency for comprehensive interventions that acknowledge and address the complex interplay of emotional, familial, and socioeconomic factors alongside children's body image perceptions. The criticality of continued research, particularly ones employing longitudinal designs and diverse demographic samples, is highlighted as we strive to understand and navigate such multifaceted relationships to enhance children's health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abdoli
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Scotto Rosato
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Rosanna Napolano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Nadia Barberis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.A.); (M.S.R.); (A.C.); (R.N.); (P.C.)
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14
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Salis F, Pili D, Collu M, Serchisu L, Laconi R, Mandas A. Six-item cognitive impairment test (6-CIT)'s accuracy as a cognitive screening tool: best cut-off levels in emergency department setting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1186502. [PMID: 37547596 PMCID: PMC10401263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1186502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, elderly patients represent a significant number of accesses to the Emergency Department (ED). Working rhythms do not allow to perform complete cognitive analysis, which would, however, be useful for the health care. This study aims to define the optimal cut-off values of the six-item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) as a cognitive screening tool in ED. Methods This study included 215 subjects, evaluated at the Emergency Department of the University Hospital of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy, from July to December 2021. The accuracy of 6-CIT as a cognitive screening tool was assessed by comparison with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results The correlation coefficient between the two tests was -0.836 (CI: -0.87 to -0.79; p < 0.0001), and 6-CIT showed AUC = 0.947 (CI: 0.908-0.973; p < 0.0001). The 8/9 6-CIT cut-off score presented 86.76% sensitivity (CI: 76.4-93.8) and 91.84% specificity (CI: 86.2-95.7), and Youden index for this score was 0.786. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that 6-CIT is a reliable cognitive screening tool in ED, offering excellent sensitivity and specificity with a 8/9 points cut-off score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Salis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pili
- University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria” of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuel Collu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Serchisu
- University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria” of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Laconi
- University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria” of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mandas
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- University Hospital “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria” of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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de Almeida RF, de Oliveira M, Furigo IC, Aquino R, Clarke ND, Tallis J, Guimaraes-Ferreira L. Effects of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Cognitive Performance before and after Repeated Small-Sided Games in Professional Soccer Players: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3094. [PMID: 37513512 PMCID: PMC10385153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soccer is a team sport that requires players to process a significant amount of information quickly and respond with both speed and accuracy to the ever-changing demands of the game. As such, success in soccer depends not only on physical attributes but also on cognitive abilities such as perception and decision-making. The aim of the current study was to investigate the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on Stroop test performance before and after repeated small-sided games (SSG) in professional soccer players. Twelve professional male soccer players (29 ± 4.1 years; 78.1 ± 7.7 kg body mass) participated in this study. A randomized crossover double-blind placebo-controlled trial was used. Caffeine (5 mg.kg-1) or a placebo was ingested 45 min before a protocol consisting of five 5 min SSG with 1 min rest intervals. A computerized version of the colour Stroop test was completed immediately before and after the exercise protocol. During the Stroop test, words appeared on the computer screen in three different ways: (i) neutral words (neutral condition); (ii) correspondent colour (i.e., "red" painted in red; congruent condition), or; (iii) different colour (i.e., "red" painted in green; incongruent condition). The incongruent condition aimed to cause the interference effect, as the colour and the word did not match. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed after each SSG. RPE increased during the five sets of the SSG protocol (p < 0.001), without differences between the caffeine and placebo trials. The soccer-specific exercise protocol promoted a faster response during the Stroop test (two-way ANOVA main effect for SSG protocol: p < 0.05), with no differences in accuracy (p > 0.05). Caffeine ingestion resulted in slower reaction time during the Stroop test during the congruent and neutral trials but not during the incongruent trial (two-way ANOVA main effect for supplementation: p = 0.009, p = 0.045, and p = 0.071, respectively). Accuracy was lower in the caffeine trial in congruent and incongruent trials (p < 0.05 caffeine vs. placebo both on the pre- and post-SSG protocol). In conclusion, a soccer-specific exercise protocol improved the Stroop test performance in professional soccer players, but acute caffeine ingestion (5 mg.kg-1) was detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Freire de Almeida
- Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Oliveira
- Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Aquino
- Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Neil David Clarke
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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16
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Hydration Status in Older Adults: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112609. [PMID: 37299572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate hydration is essential for the maintenance of health and physiological functions in humans. However, many older adults do not maintain adequate hydration, which is under-recognized and poorly managed. Older adults are more vulnerable to dehydration, especially those living with multiple chronic diseases. Dehydration is associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, and acts as an independent factor of the hospital length of stay, readmission, intensive care, in-hospital mortality, and poor prognosis. Dehydration is a prevalent health problem in older adults, accounting for substantial economic and social burden. This review attempts to provide current knowledge of hydration including patterns of body water turnover, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, the effects of dehydration on the health of the body, and practical guidance for low-intake dehydration in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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18
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Jiang X, Cui L, Huang L, Guo Y, Huang G, Guo Q. The Relationship between Beverages Consumption and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102309. [PMID: 37242194 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Some evidence shows that beverage consumption has an impact on cognitive performance. This is a follow-up study of dietary habits and cognitive function in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between beverage consumption and cognitive impairment. The source and grouping of the participants can be seen in the previous article, "Study of Diet Habits and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Association between Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Cognitive Ability". Among 892 participants, one-third (296) completed both Amyloid beta(Aβ)-PET and plasma biomarkers. The results showed that the consumption of beverages (green tea, coffee, pure milk) was a protective factor for cognitive impairment, daily water consumption <1500 mL (especially <500 mL) was a risk factor for cognitive impairment, and the above correlated with baseline cognitive status. The relationship of green tea, coffee, and pure milk consumption with cognitive impairment was related to gender. We also found that among the participants with Aβ deposition, the consumption of pure milk and green tea was associated with low levels of p-Tau-181. In conclusion, the relationship between beverage consumption and cognitive impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults may be related to baseline cognitive status, gender, and Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Jiang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of VIP Clinical, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yihan Guo
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Gaozhong Huang
- Department of VIP Clinical, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
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Water intake, hydration status and 2-year changes in cognitive performance: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:82. [PMID: 36882739 PMCID: PMC9993798 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water intake and hydration status have been suggested to impact cognition; however, longitudinal evidence is limited and often inconsistent. This study aimed to longitudinally assess the association between hydration status and water intake based on current recommendations, with changes in cognition in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS A prospective analysis was conducted of a cohort of 1957 adults (aged 55-75) with overweight/obesity (BMI between ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2) and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Participants had completed bloodwork and validated, semiquantitative beverage and food frequency questionnaires at baseline, as well as an extensive neuropsychological battery of 8 validated tests at baseline and 2 years of follow-up. Hydration status was determined by serum osmolarity calculation and categorized as < 295 mmol/L (hydrated), 295-299.9 mmol/L (impending dehydration), and ≥ 300 mmol/L (dehydrated). Water intake was assessed as total drinking water intake and total water intake from food and beverages and according to EFSA recommendations. Global cognitive function was determined as a composite z-score summarizing individual participant results from all neuropsychological tests. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the associations between baseline hydration status and fluid intake, continuously and categorically, with 2-year changes in cognitive performance. RESULTS The mean baseline daily total water intake was 2871 ± 676 mL/day (2889 ± 677 mL/day in men; 2854 ± 674 mL/day in women), and 80.2% of participants met the ESFA reference values for an adequate intake. Serum osmolarity (mean 298 ± 24 mmol/L, range 263 to 347 mmol/L) indicated that 56% of participants were physiologically dehydrated. Lower physiological hydration status (i.e., greater serum osmolarity) was associated with a greater decline in global cognitive function z-score over a 2-year period (β: - 0.010; 95% CI - 0.017 to - 0.004, p-value = 0.002). No significant associations were observed between water intake from beverages and/or foods with 2-year changes in global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Reduced physiological hydration status was associated with greater reductions in global cognitive function over a 2-year period in older adults with metabolic syndrome and overweight or obesity. Future research assessing the impact of hydration on cognitive performance over a longer duration is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry, ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
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20
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Pawar S, Fagerstrøm A, Sigurdsson V, Arntzen E. Analyzing motivating functions of consumer behavior: Evidence from attention and neural responses to choices and consumption. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1053528. [PMID: 36844284 PMCID: PMC9947287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1053528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Academia and business have shown an increased interest in using neurophysiological methods, such as eye-tracking and electroencephalography (EEG), to assess consumer motivation. The current research contributes to this literature by verifying whether these methods can predict the effects of antecedent events as motivating functions of attention, neural responses, choice, and consumption. Antecedent motivational factors are discussed, with a specific focus on deprivation as such a situational factor. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control conditions. Water deprivation of 11-12 h was used as an establishing operation to increase the reinforcing effectiveness of water. We designed three experimental sessions to capture the complexity of the relationship between antecedents and consumer behavior. Experimental manipulations in session 1 established the effectiveness of water for the experimental group and abolished it for the control group. Results from session 2 show that participants in the experimental group had significantly higher average fixation duration for the image of water. Their frontal asymmetry did not provide significant evidence of greater left frontal activation toward the water image. Session 3 demonstrated that choice and consumption behavior of the relevant reinforcer was significantly higher for participants in the experimental group. These early findings highlight the potential application of a multi-method approach using neurophysiological tools in consumer research, which provides a comprehensive picture of the functional relationship between motivating events, behavior (attention, neural responses, choice, and consumption), and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Pawar
- School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Sanchit Pawar,
| | - Asle Fagerstrøm
- School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valdimar Sigurdsson
- Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Erik Arntzen
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Nguyen L, Magno MS, Utheim TP, Jansonius NM, Hammond CJ, Vehof J. The relationship between habitual water intake and dry eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:65-73. [PMID: 35941821 PMCID: PMC10087849 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that greater habitual water intake is associated with lower risk of dry eye disease (DED). METHODS We included 51 551 participants from the population-based Lifelines cohort (mean age = 51.2 years) in this cross-sectional association study. DED was assessed using the Women's Health Study (WHS) dry eye questionnaire. Water intake was calculated from food frequency questionnaires. Logistic regressions were used to analyse the relationship between DED and water intake or 24-h urine volume, corrected for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, education, income, 48 comorbidities, and 15 medication groups. The main outcome measure was WHS-defined DED. Highly symptomatic dry eye and clinical diagnosis of DED were secondary outcomes. RESULTS In total, 9.1% of the population had WHS-defined DED. Higher water intake was associated with increased prevalence of WHS-defined DED (OR: 1.011 per 100 ml/day, 95% CI: 1.004-1.017, p = 0.003). After excluding those with a clinical diagnosis, greater water intake was still tied to increased risk of having DED symptoms (OR: 1.010 per 100 ml/day, 95% CI: 1.006-1.015, p < 0.001). Higher 24-h urine volumes were also associated with higher risk of WHS-defined DED (OR: 1.010 per 100 ml/day, 95% CI: 1.005-1.015, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this large, population-based study, higher water intake was not tied to reduced risk of DED. Rather, it was associated with a modest increased risk of DED. Interventional studies are needed to fully understand the effect of water intake on DED, but this study found no evidence that greater water intake is beneficial for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Nguyen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Schjerven Magno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Dry Eye Clinic, Velp, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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22
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Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010047. [PMID: 36615705 PMCID: PMC9824801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies suggest that diet plays an important role in regulating aging processes and modulates the development of the most important age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between nutrition and critical age-associated diseases. METHODS A literature review was conducted to survey recent pre-clinical and clinical findings related to the role of nutritional factors in modulation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and their role in prevention of the genesis of the diseases of aging. RESULTS Studies show that the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment and dementia can be slowed down or prevented by certain diets with anti-aging action. The protective effects of diets, at least in part, may be mediated by their beneficial macro- (protein, fat, carbohydrate) and micronutrient (vitamins, minerals) composition. CONCLUSIONS Certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, may play a significant role in healthy aging by preventing the onset of certain diseases and by improving the aging process itself. This latter can be strengthened by incorporating fasting elements into the diet. As dietary recommendations change with age, this should be taken into consideration as well, when developing a diet tailored to the needs of elderly individuals. Future and ongoing clinical studies on complex anti-aging dietary interventions translating the results of preclinical investigations are expected to lead to novel nutritional guidelines for older adults in the near future.
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Fulgoni K, Fulgoni VL. Watermelon Intake Is Associated with Increased Nutrient Intake and Higher Diet Quality in Adults and Children, NHANES 2003-2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224883. [PMID: 36432573 PMCID: PMC9692283 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon is a nutrient-dense, low energy food that provides vital nutrients and contributes to overall fruit intake. Previous studies have found positive associations between watermelon and nutrient intake but few focused on raw watermelon intake or had small sample sizes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a large, nationally representative sample to determine associations between watermelon intake and nutrient intake and diet quality. Data from children (2-18 y) and adults (19+ y) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2003-2018 were utilized in the current study. Watermelon intake was 7.51 and 7.29 g/d per capita in children and adults, respectively. In watermelon consumers, usual intake was 125 and 161 g/d in children and adults, respectively. Total diet quality was higher in watermelon consumers as compared to non-consumers as well as several subcomponent scores. Children and adult watermelon consumers had greater than 5% higher intake of dietary fiber, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin A as well as more than 5% lower intake of added sugars and total saturated fatty acids as well as higher intake of lycopene and other carotenoids. This study suggests watermelon can increase nutrient intake as well as diet quality in both children and adult Americans.
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24
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Yao N, Wei Z, Wang Y, Sun L. Associations between Drinking Behaviors and Meaning in Life: Evidence from Primary Care Professionals in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224811. [PMID: 36432499 PMCID: PMC9694648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although the associations between drinking behaviors and emotional problems have been supported in several previous studies, the associations between drinking behaviors and meaning in life have not been explored until now. We aimed to test the associations between drinking behaviors and meaning in life among primary care professionals, after controlling for depression. (2) Methods: In the current study, we collected 1453 valid questionnaires based on a cross-sectional design. Meaning in life, drinking behaviors, physical diseases, depression, work-related variables, and some other social-demographic variables were evaluated. (3) Results: The results support that after controlling for depression, regular milk drinking (β = 1.387, p = 0.026), and regular juice drinking (β = 2.316, p = 0.030) were associated with higher meaning in life, while regular water drinking (β = −1.448, p = 0.019) was negatively associated with meaning in life. In addition to this, the results showed that the older age (β = 0.098, p = 0.001), preventive medicine majors (β = 4.281, p = 0.013), working fewer days per week (β = −0.942, p = 0.004), licensed (assistant) technician qualification (β = 2.921, p = 0.036), and no depression (β = −0.203, p < 0.001) were positively associated with meaning in life. (4) Conclusion: This study supported the association between drinking behaviors and meaning in life, even after controlling depression. These findings imply that we can further explore this association and its mechanisms in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence:
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25
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Hsu LM, Yang JT, Wen X, Liang X, Lin LC, Huang YC, Tsai YH. Human thirst behavior requires transformation of sensory inputs by intrinsic brain networks. BMC Biol 2022; 20:255. [PMID: 36357909 PMCID: PMC9650886 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To survive and thrive, many animals, including humans, have evolved goal-directed behaviors that can respond to specific physiological needs. An example is thirst, where the physiological need to maintain water balance drives the behavioral basic instinct to drink. Determining the neural basis of such behaviors, including thirst response, can provide insights into the way brain-wide systems transform sensory inputs into behavioral outputs. However, the neural basis underlying this spontaneous behavior remains unclear. Here, we provide a model of the neural basis of human thirst behavior. Results We used fMRI, coupled with functional connectivity analysis and serial-multiple mediation analysis, we found that the physiological need for water is first detected by the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), which then regulates the intention of drinking via serial large-scale spontaneous thought-related intrinsic network interactions that include the default mode network, salience network, and frontal-parietal control network. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the transformation in humans of sensory inputs for a single physiological need, such as to maintain water balance, requires large-scale intrinsic brain networks to transform this input into a spontaneous human behavioral response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01446-5.
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26
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Sangalang SO, Lemence ALG, Ottong ZJ, Valencia JC, Olaguera M, Canja RJF, Mariano SMF, Prado NO, Ocaña RMZ, Singson PAA, Cumagun ML, Liao J, Anglo MVJC, Borgemeister C, Kistemann T. School water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) intervention to improve malnutrition, dehydration, health literacy, and handwashing: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Metro Manila, Philippines. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2034. [PMID: 36344973 PMCID: PMC9641834 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of multicomponent school water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on children's health are unclear. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to test the effects of a school WaSH intervention on children's malnutrition, dehydration, health literacy (HL), and handwashing (HW) in Metro Manila, Philippines. METHODS The trial lasted from June 2017 to March 2018 and included children, in grades 5, 6, 7, and 10, from 15 schools. At baseline 756 children were enrolled. Seventy-eight children in two clusters were purposively assigned to the control group (CG); 13 clusters were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: low-intensity health education (LIHE; two schools, n = 116 children), medium-intensity health education (MIHE; seven schools, n = 356 children), and high-intensity health education (HIHE; four schools, n = 206 children). The intervention consisted of health education (HE), WaSH policy workshops, provision of hygiene supplies, and WaSH facilities repairs. Outcomes were: height-for-age and body mass index-for-age Z scores (HAZ, BAZ); stunting, undernutrition, overnutrition, dehydration prevalence; HL and HW scores. We used anthropometry to measure children's physical growth, urine test strips to measure dehydration, questionnaires to measure HL, and observation to measure HW practice. The same measurements were used during baseline and endline. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models to assess intervention effects. RESULTS None of the interventions reduced undernutrition prevalence or improved HAZ, BAZ, or overall HL scores. Low-intensity HE reduced stunting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.96), while low- (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.96) and high-intensity HE (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.93) reduced overnutrition. Medium- (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.04) and high-intensity HE (aIRR 0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.16) reduced severe dehydration. Medium- (aOR 3.18; 95% CI 1.34 to 7.55) and high-intensity HE (aOR 3.89; 95% CI 3.74 to 4.05) increased observed HW after using the toilet/urinal. CONCLUSION Increasing the intensity of HE reduced prevalence of stunting, overnutrition, and severe dehydration and increased prevalence of observed HW. Data may be relevant for school WaSH interventions in the Global South. Interventions may have been more effective if adherence was higher, exposure to interventions longer, parents/caregivers were more involved, or household WaSH was addressed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00021623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie O Sangalang
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Allen Lemuel G Lemence
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Zheina J Ottong
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Mikaela Olaguera
- College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Rovin James F Canja
- Philippines Department of Education, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Shyrill Mae F Mariano
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Nelissa O Prado
- Department of Environment Systems, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Roezel Mari Z Ocaña
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern University - Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Ma Lourdes Cumagun
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Janine Liao
- School of Diplomacy and Governance, De La Salle - College of Saint Benilde, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Christian Borgemeister
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kistemann
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Ergun D, Taskin A. Comparison of Some Behavioural Responses in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) Raised in Cages Enriched with Coloured LED Lights. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182454. [PMID: 36139315 PMCID: PMC9495142 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the environment of hand-raised budgerigars in captivity (people’s homes) was simulated. We investigated the effect of coloured LED lights in addition to natural light on the behaviour of the birds. For birds raised by humans, the light in houses is significantly different from the lighting conditions in a bird’s natural habitat. This may lead to behavioural and health problems in birds, adversely affecting their wellbeing. This study investigated how white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights applied at the beginning of the dark cycle of the photoperiod affected the behaviours of budgerigars. The results indicated that when offered the opportunity, the birds chose yellow light. The open field tests (OFT I and II) were used to assess the locomotion and exploratory behaviour of birds. The results of the OFT I test, which was performed with an unfamiliar object, indicated that the group experiencing yellow light was more self-confident. The birds in cages with blue light felt more comfortable and displayed more social behaviour. People will be able to use this new information to improve the living conditions of their pet budgerigars. Abstract This study examined the effects of exposure to coloured LED lights on some behavioural responses, food and water consumption, and live weight in budgerigars kept in captivity using behavioural tests to compare different lighting conditions. Budgerigars’ feeding, comfort, social, fear, and resting behaviours and behavioural reactions to a new environment were studied. Twelve male birds were assigned to four groups, with three birds in each group. They were provided with food and water ad libitum in wire cages at 25 ± 2 °C in a room. The study was conducted with 10 h of natural light, 6 h of LED light (white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights), and 8 h of darkness. Their behaviours in the cages were observed. Home cage avoidance (HCA) and two open field tests (OFT) were performed. No difference was observed in the LW and food consumption, but the blue and yellow groups consumed less water. The blue group displayed more comfort and social behaviours. In the HCA test, the red group demonstrated higher reactions. Furthermore, the birds in the yellow group stayed closer to the centre of the platform in the OFT I test, and they chose the compartment simulating their familiar environment in the OFT II test. Consequently, it was concluded that first yellow and then blue lights may be used to prevent stress-related problems for these birds. Our findings could be used to improve the hand-rearing conditions of captive budgerigars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demirel Ergun
- Graduate School of Science, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir 40100, Türkiye
| | - Atilla Taskin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir 40100, Türkiye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-386-280-4805
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28
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Downey H, Haynes JM, Johnson HM, Odum AL. Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:787322. [PMID: 35221945 PMCID: PMC8867822 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.787322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting, the tendency for outcomes to be devalued as they are more temporally remote, has implications as a target for behavioral interventions. Because of these implications, it is important to understand how different states individuals may face, such as deprivation, influence the degree of delay discounting. Both dual systems models and state-trait views of delay discounting assume that deprivation may result in steeper delay discounting. Despite early inconsistencies and mixed results, researchers have sometimes asserted that deprivation increases delay discounting, with few qualifications. The aim of this review was to determine what empirical effect, if any, deprivation has on delay discounting. We considered many kinds of deprivation, such as deprivation from sleep, drugs, and food in humans and non-human animals. For 23 studies, we analyzed the effect of deprivation on delay discounting by computing effect sizes for the difference between delay discounting in a control, or baseline, condition and delay discounting in a deprived state. We discuss these 23 studies and other relevant studies found in our search in a narrative review. Overall, we found mixed effects of deprivation on delay discounting. The effect may depend on what type of deprivation participants faced. Effect sizes for deprivation types ranged from small for sleep deprivation (Hedge's gs between −0.21 and 0.07) to large for opiate deprivation (Hedge's gs between 0.42 and 1.72). We discuss possible reasons why the effect of deprivation on delay discounting may depend on deprivation type, including the use of imagined manipulations and deprivation intensity. The inconsistency in results across studies, even when comparing within the same type of deprivation, indicates that more experiments are needed to reach a consensus on the effects of deprivation on delay discounting. A basic understanding of how states affect delay discounting may inform translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylee Downey
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Haynes
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Hannah M. Johnson
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Amy L. Odum
- Odum Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy L. Odum
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29
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Carey E, Furlong E, Smith R. The management of delirium in the older adult in advanced nursing practice. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:76-84. [PMID: 35094544 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a term used to describe an array of symptoms that indicate a disruption in cerebral metabolism, a condition that is often under-recognised, leading to delayed interventions. The condition is a common cause of older adults presenting in hospital, with significant morbidity and mortality associated with increased length of stay. A case study is used to illustrate the use of a diagnostic algorithm for older adults presenting with delirium to an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP)-led service. The clinical decision pathway provides four differential diagnoses, using the case study to put the decision-making process in context. The article demonstrates the ability of the ANP to practise at a high level of expertise as an autonomous practitioner and shows how the pathway supports the nurse to reach an accurate diagnosis. It shows that prompt and accurate diagnosis of delirium in older adults is crucial to avoiding the complications and cognitive decline associated with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Carey
- Registered Advanced Nurse Practitioner, Older Adult Care, Cherry Orchard Hospital and Dublin South Kildare and West Wicklow Community Healthcare Area, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen Furlong
- Associate Professor in Nursing, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin. Ireland
| | - Rita Smith
- Associate Professor in Nursing, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin. Ireland
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30
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Abstract
In our increasingly digital world, aspects of our lives are encoded in the routine interactions we have with technology. Over the past few years, psychologists and technologists have been exploring what possibilities these digital life data might hold for improving mental health and well-being. Here I examine some of the recent advances in this field, particularly in the use of language data; consider the ethical and pragmatic implications of this technology; and examine a few areas where I believe these advances could significantly alter the way in which mental health and well-being are approached. This technology holds special promise for providing information about a patient’s life in between clinical encounters, in the clinical whitespace.
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31
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McKetney J, Jenkins CC, Minogue C, Mach PM, Hussey EK, Glaros TG, Coon J, Dhummakupt ES. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of acute and chronic stress events associated with military exercises. Mol Omics 2021; 18:279-295. [PMID: 34860218 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By characterizing physiological changes that occur in warfighters during simulated combat, we can start to unravel the key biomolecular components that are linked to physical and cognitive performance. Viable field-based sensors for the warfighter must be rapid and noninvasive. In an effort to facilitate this, we applied a multiomics pipeline to characterize the stress response in the saliva of warfighters to correlate biomolecular changes with overall performance and health. In this study, two different stress models were observed - one of chronic stress and one of acute stress. In both models, significant perturbations in the immune, metabolic, and protein manufacturing/processing systems were observed. However, when differentiating between stress models, specific metabolites associated with the "fight or flight" response and protein folding were seen to be discriminate of the acute stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin McKetney
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Conor C Jenkins
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA.
| | - Catie Minogue
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA.
| | - Erika K Hussey
- DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.,Defense Innovation Unit, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Trevor G Glaros
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA. .,Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Joshua Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53515, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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32
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Benau EM, Makara A, Orloff NC, Benner E, Serpell L, Timko CA. How Does Fasting Affect Cognition? An Updated Systematic Review (2013-2020). Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:376-390. [PMID: 34595721 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review was to provide an update on the literature examining how voluntary, temporary abstention from eating impacts cognitive function. RECENT FINDINGS We evaluated peer-reviewed articles published between August 2013 and January 2021 that assessed adults, included a measure of cognitive functioning with neutral stimuli, and compared individuals in a fasted state to individuals in a fed state (either within- or between-subject designs). Nineteen articles (21 studies) met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, fasting methods, and tasks varied across studies. Review of studies indicated that fasting was associated with deficits in cognitive functioning; few studies indicated a benefit in cognitive functioning following a single voluntary fast. The heterogeneity and rarity of available studies limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Several crucial psychosocial and sociodemographic moderators remain unexplored. Recommendations for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Makara
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eleanor Benner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - C Alix Timko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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33
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Drinking Water Enhances Cognitive Performance: Positive Effects on Working Memory But Not Long-Term Memory. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-021-00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bolatova Z, Tussupova K, Toleubekov B, Sukhanberdiyev K, Sharapatova K, Stafström M. Challenges of Access to WASH in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Case Study from Rural Central Kazakhstan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189652. [PMID: 34574575 PMCID: PMC8472705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Safe water and sanitation, which give rise to appropriate hygiene, are fundamental determinants of individual and social health and well-being. Thereby, assessing and widening access to sustainable, durable water and sanitation infrastructure remains a global health issue. Rural areas are already at a disadvantage. Poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) can have a major negative effect on students in rural schools. Thus, the paper aims to assess the current condition and the challenge to access WASH in rural Kazakh schools. The study was conducted in three rural schools in Central Kazakhstan. Data were gathered through a survey among pupils, observations of the WASH infrastructure and maintenance, and a face-to-face interview with school administrators. The mean survey response rate was 65% across schools. Results indicated there was no alternative drinking-water source in schools, and 15% of students said they had access to water only occasionally. Half of the students reported that the water was unsafe to drink because of a poor odor, taste, or color. The toilet in school 3 was locked with a key, and a quarter of the students reported there was no access to a key. Moreover, not having gender-separated toilet facilities was a challenge because of the traditional gender norms. Despite the effective regulations and measures of handwashing taken during COVID-19, 27.7% of the students answered that soap was not offered daily in classrooms. Additionally, warm water was only provided in school 2. About 75% of students did not have access to drying materials continuously. The study shows that having the schools’ infrastructure is not enough when characteristics, such as availability, accessibility, maintenance, operation, quality of services, education, and practices, are ignored. Cooperation between local education authorities, school administration, and parents should be encouraged to the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanerke Bolatova
- School of Public Health, Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (Z.B.); (B.T.)
| | - Kamshat Tussupova
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Berik Toleubekov
- School of Public Health, Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan; (Z.B.); (B.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;
| | | | - Kulyash Sharapatova
- Department of Surgery and Gynecology and Pediatry, Pavlodar Branch, Semey State Medical University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Martin Stafström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;
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Duan H, Sun C, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Du Y, Lin H, Jin M, Fu J, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Yan J, Chen Y, Wang G, Huang G. Association of Dietary Habits with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Elderly in Rural Area of North China. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:256-264. [PMID: 34139973 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210617152205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest a possible role of diet, particularly nutrient intakes and dietary patterns, in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); few studies, however, have been explicitly devoted to the relationship between dietary habits and MCI. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the association between dietary habits, including meal timing, and MCI among older Chinese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved data collected at the baseline of the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort (TENCC) study, in which 3,111 community-dwelling older adults (326 MCI patients and 2,785 non-MCIs) from a rural area of Tianjin, China, were recruited. In March 2018 to June 2019, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological evaluation that allowed for psychometric MCI classification. Information on self-reported dietary behaviors was gathered via face-to-face interviews. Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS In the multivariable-adjusted models, eating breakfast 4 to 6 times per week (vs. ≤3 times per week, OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.75), drinking water before breakfast (yes vs. no, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.82), consuming water ≥1.5L per day (vs. <1.5L per day, OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.82), and having lunch after 12:00 (vs. before 12:00, OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.75) were associated with decreased risk of MCI. Participants who consumed higher amounts of cooking oil were at a higher risk of MCI (moderate vs. low, OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92; high vs. low, OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83). CONCLUSION This study suggests that dietary habits, including breakfast frequency, daily water consumption, cooking oil consumption, and meal timing, may be associated with the risk of MCI. If replicated, these findings would open new possibilities of dietary interventions for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Duan
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi, Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Hwang BY, Mampre D, Boesch JR, Huang J, Anderson WS. Total Fasting and Dehydration in the Operating Room: How Can Surgeons Survive and Thrive? JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1295-1304. [PMID: 33419691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydration and nutrition are critical to achieving optimal performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of limited oral intake in the operating room environment on surgical resident health, well-being, and performance. DESIGN Electronic survey was sent to 94 surgical trainees at our institution in 2020. Chi-square analyses were performed to assess for differences in survey responses by sex. SETTING A single tertiary-care institution. PARTICIPANTS Surveys were sent to surgical residents and fellows in general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopedic surgery. Seventy-nine (80%) of the 94 residents and fellows responded. RESULTS Of the 79 responses, most trainees (79%) experienced dehydration within 6 hours of operating. Forty-four (56%) reported no fluid intake for greater than 6 hours on average, and 39 (49%) reported that they frequently had difficulty rehydrating in between cases. Most of the respondents (70%) frequently experienced symptoms of dehydration, including orthostasis, headache, and constipation. Fifty-six (71%) believed that dehydration frequently affected their performance. Compared to men, women were more likely to feel dehydrated within 4 hours of operating (58% vs. 25%, p = 0.005). Women were also more likely to have difficulty rehydrating in between cases (75% vs. 38%, p = 0.0026), experience symptoms of dehydration (92% vs. 60%, p = 0.0049), and report that dehydration affects surgical performance (88% vs. 64%, p = 0.0318). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged fasting and dehydration are common issues that may negatively impact performance and wellbeing of surgical trainees. Also, dehydration may affect men and women differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - David Mampre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John R Boesch
- 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), U.S. Army Special Operations Command, Fort Campbell, Kentucky
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Association of Drug Application and Hydration Status in Elderly Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061929. [PMID: 34199738 PMCID: PMC8226953 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to multifactorial reasons, such as decreased thirst and decreased total body water, elderly patients are vulnerable to dehydration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia increase the risk of dehydration and, in turn, dehydration decreases cognitive performance. The study aims to identify and assess differences in hydration status, taking into account patients’ drug treatment and diseases, using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), thereby revealing unfavorable aspects of prognosis. 447 geriatric patients (241 women, 206 men) including information on medication and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were investigated, which allowed studying the association between 40 drugs and the hydration status. First, patients were divided into disease groups. Renal disease and diuretic treatment were significantly different in both sexes, whereas cardiovascular patients differed exclusively for females. Next, drug enrichment was examined in either hyperhydrated or dehydrated patients. Simvastatin, candesartan, bisoprolol, amlodipine, olmesartan, furosemide, torasemide, allopurinol, mirtazapine, pantoprazole, cholecalciferol, and resveratrol showed enrichment depending on hydration status. This study demonstrated that patients can be differentiated and stratified by BIVA, taking into account medication and disease associated with hydration status. Although patients diagnosed with MCI and therefore treated with resveratrol, BIVA still showed evaluated dehydration. This is unfavorable in terms of prognosis and requires special attention.
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Carretero-Krug A, Úbeda N, Velasco C, Medina-Font J, Laguna TT, Varela-Moreiras G, Montero A. Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:35. [PMID: 34074350 PMCID: PMC8170814 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. METHODS A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. RESULTS Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = - 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = - 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = - 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. CONCLUSIONS These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Carretero-Krug
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Natalia Úbeda
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Carlos Velasco
- Centro de Instrucción de Medicina Aeroespacial, Ejército del Aire, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Medina-Font
- Centro de Instrucción de Medicina Aeroespacial, Ejército del Aire, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Trujillo Laguna
- Centro de Instrucción de Medicina Aeroespacial, Ejército del Aire, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana Montero
- Departamento Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Erste Hilfe. Notf Rett Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Delang N, Iudakhina E, Irwin C, Desbrow B. Consistency of hangover experiences after a night of drinking: A controlled laboratory study. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2771. [PMID: 33259080 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research into cognitive performance during a hangover has produced equivocal findings. This study investigated the reliability of inducing hangover symptoms and effects on cognitive performance (including applied tasks) under standardised conditions. METHOD Twenty-one participants (13 M; 24 ± 3 years) completed two identical trials, involving alcohol consumption and an overnight laboratory stay. Outcome measures included: hangover severity (a single-item 'Hangover' rating, and a sum of hangover symptoms [Overall Symptoms Score (OSS)]), cognitive function (trail making test), simulated driving (standard deviation of lateral position; lane crossings), and typing performance. Spearman's correlations were used to assess reliability between trials for all participants, and when ratings of 'Hangover' were consistent. RESULTS Participants demonstrated reliable 'Hangover' rating change from baseline (Trial A: 2.0 [2.0]; Trial B: 2.0 [2.0], rho = 0.680, p = 0.001), but not for OSS (Trial A: 8.0 [12.0]; Trial B: 5.0 [9.0], rho = 0.309, p = 0.173). Performance in cognitive/applied tasks (range rho = 0.447-0771) was consistent, except simulated driving (range rho = 0.035-0.272), however the impairment was trivial. The subgroup analysis did not reveal substantial changes in reliability. CONCLUSION A single 'Hangover' rating was a reliable way of determining 'mild' to 'moderate' hangover severity. The present data could be used to assist the methodological design of future hangover research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Delang
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Elizaveta Iudakhina
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Correlation between hydration status and memory in nursing students. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zideman DA, Singletary EM, Borra V, Cassan P, Cimpoesu CD, De Buck E, Djärv T, Handley AJ, Klaassen B, Meyran D, Oliver E, Poole K. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: First aid. Resuscitation 2021; 161:270-290. [PMID: 33773828 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The European Resuscitation Council has produced these first aid guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics include the first aid management of emergency medicine and trauma. For medical emergencies the following content is covered: recovery position, optimal positioning for shock, bronchodilator administration for asthma, recognition of stroke, early aspirin for chest pain, second dose of adrenaline for anaphylaxis, management of hypoglycaemia, oral rehydration solutions for treating exertion-related dehydration, management of heat stroke by cooling, supplemental oxygen in acute stroke, and presyncope. For trauma related emergencies the following topics are covered: control of life-threatening bleeding, management of open chest wounds, cervical spine motion restriction and stabilisation, recognition of concussion, cooling of thermal burns, dental avulsion, compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries, straightening an angulated fracture, and eye injury from chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vere Borra
- Centre for Evidence-based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium; Cochrane First Aid, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Pascal Cassan
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent, France
| | - Carmen D Cimpoesu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", Iasi, Emergency Department and Prehospital EMS SMURD Iasi Emergency County Hospital "Sf. Spiridon" Iasi, Romania
| | - Emmy De Buck
- Centre for Evidence-based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium; Cochrane First Aid, Mechelen, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Therese Djärv
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Division of Acute and Reparative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Barry Klaassen
- Emergency Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee, UK; British Red Cross, UK
| | - Daniel Meyran
- French Red Cross, Bataillon de Marins Pompiers de Marseille, France
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Ioannou LG, Mantzios K, Tsoutsoubi L, Panagiotaki Z, Kapnia AK, Ciuha U, Nybo L, Flouris AD, Mekjavic IB. Effect of a Simulated Heat Wave on Physiological Strain and Labour Productivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3011. [PMID: 33804091 PMCID: PMC7998810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a simulated heat-wave on the labour productivity and physiological strain experienced by workers. METHODS Seven males were confined for ten days in controlled ambient conditions. A familiarisation day was followed by three (pre, during, and post-heat-wave) 3-day periods. During each day volunteers participated in a simulated work-shift incorporating two physical activity sessions each followed by a session of assembly line task. Conditions were hot (work: 35.4 °C; rest: 26.3 °C) during, and temperate (work: 25.4 °C; rest: 22.3 °C) pre and post the simulated heat-wave. Physiological, biological, behavioural, and subjective data were collected throughout the study. RESULTS The simulated heat-wave undermined human capacity for work by increasing the number of mistakes committed, time spent on unplanned breaks, and the physiological strain experienced by the participants. Early adaptations were able to mitigate the observed implications on the second and third days of the heat-wave, as well as impacting positively on the post-heat-wave period. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show for first time that a controlled simulated heat-wave increases workers' physiological strain and reduces labour productivity on the first day, but it promotes adaptations mitigating the observed implications during the subsequent days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas G. Ioannou
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (I.B.M.)
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Konstantinos Mantzios
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Lydia Tsoutsoubi
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Zoe Panagiotaki
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Areti K. Kapnia
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Ursa Ciuha
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (I.B.M.)
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42131 Trikala, Greece; (K.M.); (L.T.); (Z.P.); (A.K.K.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Igor B. Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.C.); (I.B.M.)
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Nsiah-Asamoah CNA, Buxton DNB. Hydration and water intake practices of commercial long-distance drivers in Ghana: what do they know and why does it matter? Heliyon 2021; 7:e06512. [PMID: 33851041 PMCID: PMC8022146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization indicates that hydration is indispensable to human life. A long-period of dehydration can result in fatigue, drowsiness and mental confusion which can result in committing serious blunders. For commercial drivers, however, these blunders can be life-threatening and their hydration cannot be overemphasized. AIM This study was therefore undertaken to assess the water intake practices of Commercial Long-Distance drivers (CLDDs). The study was also aimed at assessing their knowledge levels on the role of water in promoting a healthy body and the consequences of dehydration. SETTING CLDDs in Ghana who ply between Accra - Cape Coast - Takoradi or Accra - Kumasi. METHODS A cross-sectional study which involved 256 CLDDs was conducted at six (6) commercial bus stations in Accra and Cape Coast from December 2019 to January 2020. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic and water intake practices of CLDDs. SPSS was used to generate descriptive statistics based on the data collected. RESULTS A high proportion (57.8%) of the CLDDs reported that they drunk about 2500ml-3000ml of water on a daily basis. Most (53.1%) relied on their thirst feeling to prompt them to drink water. A little over half (51.1%) consumed energy drinks believed to hydrate the body. A major barrier to drinking water regularly was to avoid frequent stop-overs to use the washroom while travelling. CONCLUSION The findings reveal concerns about knowledge gaps with regard to the importance of water consumption and barriers to adequate drinking of water among CLDDs. Findings also suggest that many CLDDs relied on their thirst perceptions to prompt them to drink water. Health Education programmes targeting CLDDs should include conveying the importance of water intake and healthy hydration practices for optimal physical and cognitive performance.
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Maffoni SI, Kalmpourtzidou Α, Cena H. The potential role of nutrition in mitigating the psychological impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers. NFS JOURNAL 2021. [PMCID: PMC7833967 DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals are exposed to several stress factors, especially during health emergency situations like Covid-19. Psychological distress in the COVID-19 era adversely affects both healthcare professionals' mental and physical health, decreasing performance and efficiency at work. Nevertheless, no sufficient emphasis has been placed so far on the role of nutrition against stress and anxiety among healthcare professionals. Consequently, worksite health promotion approaches and interventions are highly recommended, but also National Health Systems are praised to develop strategies and policies to satisfy nutritional requirements in health emergencies such as Covid-19 pandemic. In this brief paper, the important role of nutrition during periods of stress is highlighted, providing nutritional advice to enhance resilience in this risk group. In addition, practical lifestyle and diet tips for stress management among healthcare professionals exposed to Covid-19 are reported in this mini review.
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Dehydration in older people: A systematic review of the effects of dehydration on health outcomes, healthcare costs and cognitive performance. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104380. [PMID: 33636649 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically examine the effect of dehydration on health outcomes, identify associated financial costs and consider impacts on cognitive performance in older adults. DESIGN A systematic review of English-language articles via OVID using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and others, to March 2018. Included studies examined the relationship between hydration status and health, care costs or cognitive outcome. SETTING Cross sectional and cohort data from studies reporting on dehydration in older adults. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 60 years and older. MEASUREMENTS Independent quality ratings were assessed for all extracted articles. RESULTS Of 1684 articles screened, 18 papers (N = 33,707) met inclusion criteria. Participants were recruited from hospital settings, medical long-term care centres and the community dwelling population. Data were synthesised using a narrative summary. Mortality rates were higher in dehydrated patients. Furthermore, health outcomes, including frailty, bradyarrhythmia, transient ischemic attacks, oral health and surgery recovery are linked to and worsened by dehydration. Length of hospital stay, either as a principal or secondary diagnosis, is greater in those with dehydration, compared to those who are euhydrated. Finally, neurocognitive functioning may be impacted by dehydration. There are issues with study design, inconsistency in hydration status measurement and different measures used for outcome assessment. CONCLUSION Dehydration in older people is associated with increased mortality, poorer course of illness and increased costs for health services. In addition, there is some, but sparse evidence that dehydration in older people is linked to poorer cognitive performance. Intervention studies should test strategies for reducing dehydration in older adults.
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Campbell EH, Irving R, McFarlane S, Dilworth L, Poudevigne M, Bailey J. Evidence that variations in pre-training hydration status are related to the frequency of endurance training in elite adolescent sprinters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1620-1628. [PMID: 33586933 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effect of dehydration on performance is widely studied, limited data concerning the levels of risk training types pose to hydration status exists. This study sought to determine: (a) pre-training hydration status in adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes, (b) changes in hydration markers across a season of adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes, and (c) if frequency of training type explains unique variance in hydration. METHODS Hydration [via pre-training urine osmolality (UOsm) and thirst perception (TP)], daily water intake (TWI) [via 24-h food/fluid diaries] and frequencies of resistance, endurance and sprint training types (via training regime questionnaires) were assessed in 26 sprinters (age: 15.6±1.9 years) and 26 non-athletes (age: 16.0±1.6 years), during 4 mesocycles [general (T1) and specific (T2) preparation; pre-competitive (T3) and peaking (T4) phases], over 26 weeks. RESULTS Most athletes (62%-81%) and non-athletes (73%-92%) were underhydrated (UOsm>700 mOsmol/kg) pre-training across the season, despite a low TP. There were significant time (p =.042) and group (p =.006) effects, and a main group by time interaction for UOsm (p =.006) but not TP across the season, after controlling for TWI. Greater UOsm (in mOsmol/kg) were observed during T1 (906.3±250.1) and T2 (934.5±257.0) compared to T3 (852.1±268.8) and T4 (854.2±218.8). There was no significant change across the season for non-athletes. Frequencies of endurance training were positively associated with UOsm and explained unique variances across the season (R2 range from 7%-16%). CONCLUSIONS Underhydration is high in the adolescent population. Training type may be related to the variations in hydration throughout a season, which may help to inform hydration practices of sprint athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon H Campbell
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica -
| | - Rachael Irving
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Shelly McFarlane
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies at Mona, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies at Mona, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Melanie Poudevigne
- Health and Fitness Management, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA, USA
| | - Janel Bailey
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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48
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Does Hydration Status Influence Executive Function? A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1284-1305.e1. [PMID: 33547031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function, including executive function (EF)-related capacities (eg, working memory, inhibitory and attentional control), has been linked to adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Dehydration is associated with impaired cognitive function, whereas improvements in hydration status may improve inhibitory and attentional performance. No systematic reviews have examined the effects of both dehydration and euhydration on EF. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this systematic review are to examine studies that have investigated the spectrum of hydration status and EF in adults, and to identify future research needs. DESIGN The review was conducted according to the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The database search was initially conducted on May 12, 2019 and then updated on April 26, 2020. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Psyc Info, SCOPUS, Proquest, and ISI Web of Science. Data extraction included the following: method used to assess de/hydration status, study design, participant characteristics, EF tasks and domain, and results. Article quality ratings were performed on included studies using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Rating Checklist. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Studies done with healthy or diseased adults, aged older than 18 years, in any setting, were included. Studies of individuals with disease states that impact fluid balance or require fluid restrictions as treatments were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE All EF-related outcomes were included, such as working memory, inhibitory control, task switching, and attention. RESULTS Four thousand eight hundred thirty-three articles were screened using title/abstracts. Seventy-one full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; 33 were included (26 included investigations of dehydration; 27 included investigations of rehydration/euhydration) with 3,636 participants across all studies. Little consistency was found across outcomes. Roughly half of the available studies suggested unclear or neutral EF effects, and half suggested effects on EF domains, particularly working memory, inhibitory control, and attention. Studies including a euhydration condition were slightly more likely to demonstrate improvements to EF capacities. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is a strong need for consistent methodological approaches and a greater number of long-term (ie, >3 days) studies of dehydration and euhydration and EF.
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The Emergence of eSports Nutrition: A Review. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2021.1-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Eith JM, Haggard CR, Emerson DM, Yeargin SW. Practices of Athletic Trainers Using Weight Charts to Determine Hydration Status and Fluid-Intervention Strategies. J Athl Train 2021; 56:64-70. [PMID: 33259579 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0373.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Determining an athlete's hydration status allows hydration-related concerns to be identified before significant medical or performance concerns arise. Weight charts are an accurate measure of hydration status changes, yet their clinical use by athletic trainers (ATs) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate ATs' use of weight charts in athletic settings and describe their subsequent clinical decisions. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING High schools and National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, III and National Association Intercollegiate Athletics colleges. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 354 ATs (men = 162, women = 175; 17 respondents did not answer the demographic questions) responded across athletic settings (Division I [45.7%]; Division II, Division III, National Association Intercollegiate Athletics combined [n = 19.9%]; and high school [34.4%]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The 26-question online survey was developed by content experts and pilot tested before data collection. Participants answered questions focused on weight-chart use (implementation, timing, and calculations) and clinical decision processes (policies, interventions, and referral). Frequency statistics were calculated. RESULTS The majority of ATs (57.2%) did not use weight charts. Of those who did, most (76.0%) used charts with football, soccer (28%), and wrestling (6%) athletes. They calculated changes as either an absolute (42.2%) or percentage (36.7%) change from prepractice to postpractice; only 11.7% used a baseline weight for calculations. Of those who used the percentage change in body mass, 66.0% selected a threshold of -3% to -4% for an intervention. Most ATs (97.0%) intervened with verbal education, whereas only one-third (37.0%) provided specific fluid amounts based on body mass changes. CONCLUSIONS Typically, ATs in athletic settings did not use weight charts. They considered a body mass change of -3% the indication for intervention but did not specify rehydration amounts for hypohydrated athletes. Educational workshops or technology applications could be developed to encourage ATs to use weight charts and calculate appropriate individual fluid interventions for their athletes.
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